第一篇：文獻綜述寫作結構加句型(總結實用篇)

文獻綜述寫作結構加句型（總結實用篇）

一 文獻綜述特征

1.一般字數控制在4000-6000字左右，大約8-15頁；

2.以評述為主，不可羅列文獻；

3.基本格式通常包括題目、作者、摘要、關鍵詞、前言、正文、結語和參考文獻等幾個部分；

4.中文參考15-20篇，英文參考20篇左右，文獻要新，50％-80％最好為3年內的文獻。

5.如果文獻綜述是為開題報告作準備，整篇文章建議為漏斗狀結構，即“有什么研究進展，問題是什么，怎么找方向”。

二 按照文獻綜述的結構順序分析常用句型題目

1.1 如果文章為結果論文

標題格式 a）Effect of（因素）on（觀測項目）in（研究對象）Progress

b）（觀測對象）in（研究對象）Progress

c）無固定格式

1.2 如果文章為方法論文

標題格式 d）Methods for ? Progress摘要常用句型

歸納了?研究中的關鍵問題

指出了?及其?研究的主要進展

討論了?的類型、影響因素、過程機理和描述方法

在此基礎上，對?規律的研究前景進行了展望關鍵詞

略前言

4.1 內容：

問題的歷史、現狀和發展動態，有關概念和定義，選擇這一專題的目的和動機、應用價值和實踐意義。

4.2 常用句式

?是?的重要研究內容

過去研究主要集中在?

（深度上）?

（廣度上）?

（有爭論的問題）?

鑒于?的工作將對今后?研究意義以及?的現實應用意義

作者就?的關鍵問題進行了系統的分析和綜述正文

5.1 綜述材料來源廣泛，因此段落結構格式非常重要，舉例如下表；

第一句第二句第三句 第四句 第五句 第六句

主題句陳述理論1研究支持1 陳述理論2研究支持2 略

主題句研究支持1研究支持2 研究支持3略例外情況

研究意義主題句研究支持1 說明理論1略主題句

5.2 縱橫結合式寫法

寫歷史背景采用縱式寫法，圍繞某一專題，按時間先后順序或專題本身發展層次，對其歷史演變、目前狀況、趨向預測作縱向描述；

寫目前狀況采用橫式寫法，對某一專題在國際和國內的各個方面，如各派觀點、各家之言、各種方法、各自成就等加以描述和比較。通過橫向對比，既可以分辨出各種觀點、見解、方法、成果的優劣利弊，又可以看出國際水平、國內水平和本單位水平，從而找到了差距。

5.3 相關研究不必全部列舉，每一個主題舉2-5個有代表意義的研究。

5.3 常用句式

了解?的成因及其影響因素對認識?有重要的意義

?的特征可用?來描述，其中常用的有?

由于?受?等多種因素的影響，所以研究者通過?來描述各因素對?的影響

影響?的因素很多，下面就?進行論述

?不僅取決于?，而且受到?的制約

?與?有關

?是?的重要影響因素之一

?對?的影響主要表現在?

研究表明?

產生?的原因有?結語

一般為展望結構，如果是開題報告前的文獻綜述，需要把想做什么闡述清楚。

附：以上是我完成文獻綜述時查閱了丁香園的帖子和其它指導書，總結了自己的一些想法。很多東西寫得太倉促，歡迎大家修改和補充。

在開始閱讀之前，花點時間思考一下你期望從這篇文章或章節中得到什么。

批判性閱讀的第一個關鍵步驟就是在閱讀時牢記你的目的你是否能察覺到文獻中的論點向什么方向發展？

需要思考的問題：

? 作者試圖發現的是什么？

? 為什么該研究如此重要？

? 要衡量的是什么？

? 你從樣本中獲得了什么信息？

? 數據是如何收集的？

? 結果是什么？

? 作者做了些什么結論，他們的發現有何貢獻？

? 你覺得這些發現是否成立？

? 你如何將這些發現應用到你自己的工作中？

記筆記的內容：

? 記筆記時可以將記筆記的紙張從中分為兩欄。

? 在一欄中總結作者的結論和論據。

? 在另一欄中記錄你對閱讀內容的思考。

? 對方法論進行評價。

? 把你的項目和你閱讀的文獻聯系起來。

? 比較和對比其他作者的觀點。

? 記錄你對該資料的想法。

? 甚至“論證混亂”或者“這一點我不明白”之類的評語也會有用。

關于結構的技巧

在文獻綜述中，經常出現的錯誤就是介紹一個作者的觀點，然后是另外一個作者，接著又是下一個作者?? 因此，為了避免這類問題的發生，你可以把觀點相似的作者放在一起，把他們的觀點串聯起來。你可以使用一些連接詞，比如

? 也是，? 另外，? 再者，? 同樣地

當作者之間存在著不同看法時，使用以下的關聯詞：

? 然而

? 相反地

? 從另一方面來說，? 雖然如此

這些詞實際上是告訴你的讀者你對資料是做過分析的。另外，你還可以使用“明確地”，“通常地”或者“一般地”這樣的字眼某一學者研究的程度，或者使用“因此”，“也就是說”，“比如說”等字眼來舉例。這樣就可以保證你是在對資料進行總結，而非簡單地描述在你所研究的領域中已經取得的成果。

撰寫文獻綜述時還有一個經常容易犯的錯誤，就是把文獻綜述部分寫得好像是跟論文的其它部分毫無干系。文獻綜述部分與緊隨其后的研究問題（或者假說）部分和方法論部分的關系必須非常緊密而且明確。在文獻綜述的結尾，需要指出已有的文獻或者研究成果的缺陷在哪里，這樣才能確立文獻綜述和你自己的研究問題（或者假說）以及方法論之間的聯系。只有把文獻綜述與研究問題和方法論緊密聯系在一起，你才能向讀者說明，你的研究問題是前人所沒有研究到的，是填補空白的，或者你的視點是全新的，或者你所要研究的問題將要證明前人的研究是錯誤的，或者你認為前人的研究支持你的某種假說，或者你將采用的研究方法是全新的、是必要得出新的結論，等等。準確地說，文獻綜述就是要說明以往研究的不足，以便突出你的研究的獨創性和意義。

別人的文章做得不好的時候：“抽樣不一致削弱了結果的有效性，同樣，你應該避免使用過于個人化的評論或語言。當你論及其他作者的論點時，應該使用這樣的句子，如“理查遜認為??，”“根據張三所說??，” 或者“作者在這里提到??”等等。而在你進行學術性討論時，要避免“想”或者“感覺”之類的字眼。這些字眼都是含有感情色彩，而且不準確，因為你并不知道作者的感受和所思所想。你所知道的僅僅是他們所報道的和所說的

第二篇：英語四級作文寫作模版加句型結構

萬能開頭公式：

1． 開頭萬能公式一：名人名言

有人問了，“我沒有記住名言，怎么辦？尤其是英語名言？”，很好辦：編！

原理：我們看到的東西很多都是創造出來的，包括我們欣賞的文章也是，所以盡管編，但是一定要聽起來很有道理呦！而且沒準將來我們就是名人呢！對吧？ 經典句型：

A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”（適用于已記住的名言）

It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（適用于自編名言）更多經典句型：

As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2． 開頭萬能公式二：數字統計

原理：要想更有說服力，就應該用實際的數字來說明。原則上在議論文當中十不應該出現虛假數字的，可是在考試的時候哪管那三七二十一，但編無妨，只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型：

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起來這個數字文鄒鄒的，其實都是編造出來的，下面隨便幾個題目我們都可以這樣編造： Honesty 根據最近的一項統計調查顯示，大學生向老師請假的理由當中78%都是假的。

Travel by Bike 根據最近的一項統計調查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時候首選的交通工具是自行車。Youth 根據最近的一項統計調查顯示，在某個大學，學生的課余時間的70%都是在休閑娛樂。Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? 根據最近的一項統計調查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型：

A recent statistics shows that … 寫作絕招

結尾萬能公式：

1． 結尾萬能公式一：如此結論 說完了，畢竟要歸納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經歷，領導長篇大論，到最后終于冒出個“總而言之”之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待領導說結束語。也就是說，開頭很好，也必然要有一個精彩的結尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此為過渡短語）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果讀者很難“顯而見之”，但說無妨，就當讀者的眼光太淺罷了！更多過渡短語：

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型：

Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… 2． 結尾萬能公式二：如此建議

如果說“如此結論”是結尾最沒用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應該是最有價值的廢話了，因為這里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個很經典的虛擬語氣的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.這里的虛擬語氣用得很經典，因為考官本來經常考這個句型，而如果我們自己寫出來，你說考官會怎么想呢？ 更多句型：

Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.寫作絕招

寫作的“七項基本原則”：

一、長 短 句原則

工作還得一張一馳呢，老讓讀者讀長句，累死人！寫一個短小精辟的句子，相反，卻可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：

As a creature, I eat;as a man, I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可見，長短句結合，抑揚頓挫，豈不爽哉？牢記！

強烈建議：在文章第一段（開頭）用一長一短，且先長后短；在文章主體部分，要先用一個短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個要點的時候采用先短后長的句群形式，定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝！文章結尾一般用一長一短就可以了。

二、主 題 句原則

國有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否則會給人造成“群龍無首”之感！相信各位讀過一些破爛文學，故意把主體隱藏在文章之內，結果造成我們稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉勸各位一定要寫一個主題句，放在文章的開頭（保險型）或者結尾，讓讀者一目了然，必會平安無事！

特別提示：隱藏主體句可是要冒險的！

To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主題句）.Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、一 二 三原則

領導講話總是第一部分、第一點、第二點、第三點、第二部分、第一點… 如此羅嗦。可畢竟還是條理清楚。考官們看文章也必然要通過這些關鍵性的“標簽”來判定你的文章是否結構清楚，條理自然。破解方法很簡單，只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個要點前就清楚了。

1）first, second, third, last（不推薦，原因：俗）

2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推薦，原因：俗）

3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推薦，原因：俗）

4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推薦，原因：俗）

5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（強烈推薦）6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（強烈推薦）

7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（強烈推薦）8）most important of all, moreover, finally 9）on the one hand, on the other hand（適用于兩點的情況）10）for one thing, for another thing（適用于兩點的情況）建議：不僅僅在寫作中注意，平時說話的時候也應該條理清楚！

四、短語優先原則

寫作時，尤其是在考試時，如果使用短語，有兩個好處：其

一、用短語會使文章增加亮點，如果老師們看到你的文章太簡單，看不到一個自己不認識的短語，必然會看你低一等。相反，如果發現亮點—精彩的短語，那么你的文章定會得高分了。其

二、關鍵時刻思維短路，只有湊字數，怎么辦？用短語是一個辦法！比如： I cannot bear it.可以用短語表達：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短語表達：I am looking forward to it.這樣字數明顯增加，表達也更準確。

五、多實少虛原則 原因很簡單，寫文章還是應該寫一些實際的東西，不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實詞，少用虛詞。我這里所說的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說一個很好的時候，不應該之說nice這樣空洞的詞，應該使用一些諸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之類的形象詞。再比如： 走出房間，general的詞是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房間應該說：slip out of the room 小姐走出房間應該說：sail out of the room 小孩走出房間應該說：dance out of the room 老人走出房間應該說：stagger out of the room 所以多用實詞，少用虛詞，文章將會大放異彩！

六、多變句式原則 1）加法（串聯）

都希望寫下很長的句子，像個老外似的，可就是怕寫錯，怎么辦，最保險的寫長句的方法就是這些，可以在任何句子之間加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后關系或者并列關系。比如說：

I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我們可以用一個超級句式： Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.其它的短語可以用：

besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 2）轉折（拐彎抹角）

批評某人缺點的時候，我們總習慣先拐彎抹角說說他的優點，然后轉入正題，再說缺點，這種方式雖然陰險了點，可畢竟還比較容易讓人接受。所以呢，我們說話的時候，只要在要點之前先來點廢話，注意二者之間用個專這次就夠了。

The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短語：

despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding 3）因果（so, so, so）

昨天在街上我看到了一個女孩，然后我主動搭訕，然后我們去咖啡廳，然后我們認識了，然后我們成為了朋友…可見，講故事的時候我們總要追求先后順序，先什么，后什么，所以然后這個詞就變得很常見了。其實這個詞表示的是先后或因果關系！The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短語：

then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that 4）失衡句（頭重腳輕，或者頭輕腳重）

有些人腦袋大，身體小，或者有些人腦袋小，身體大，雖然我們不希望長成這個樣子，可如果真的是這樣了，也就必然會吸引別人的注意力。文章中如果出現這樣的句子，就更會讓考官看到你的句子與眾不同。其實就是主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句的變形。舉例：This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同樣主語、賓語、表語可以改成如下的復雜成分：

When to go, Why he goes away… 5）附加（多此一舉）

如果有了老婆，總會遇到這樣的情況，當你再講某個人的時候，她會插一句說，我昨天見過他；或者說，就是某某某，如果把老婆的話插入到我們的話里面，那就是定語從句和同位語從句或者是插入語。

The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.其實很簡單，同位語--要解釋的東西刪除后不影響整個句子的構成；定語從句—借用之前的關鍵詞并且用其重新組成一個句子插入其中，但是whom or that 關鍵詞必須要緊跟在先行詞之前。

6）排比（排山倒海句）

文學作品中最吸引人的地方莫過于此，如果非要讓你的文章更加精彩的話，那么我希望你引用一個個的排比句，一個個得對偶句，一個個的不定式，一個個地詞，一個個的短語，如此表達將會使文章有排山倒海之勢！

Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.（氣勢恢宏）要想寫出如此氣勢恢宏的句子非用排比不可！

七、挑戰極限原則

既然十挑戰極限，必然是比較難的，但是并非不可攀！

原理：在學生的文章中，很少發現諸如獨立主格的句子，其實也很簡單，只要花上5分鐘的時間看看就可以領會，它就是分詞的一種特殊形式，分詞要求主語一致，而獨立主格則不然。比如：

The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.如果您可一些出這樣的句子，不得高分才怪！寫作絕招

文章主體段落三大殺手锏：

一、舉實例

思維短路，舉實例！提出一個觀點，舉實例！提出一個方案，舉實例！而且者也是我們揭示一個觀點最好的方式，任何情況下，只要我們無法繼續文章，不管三七二十一，盡管舉例子！In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance.For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.更多句型：

To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example

二、做比較

方法：寫完一個要點，比較與之相似的；又寫完一個要點，再比較與之相反的；

世界上沒有同樣的指紋，沒有相同的樹葉，文章亦同，只有通過比較，你才會發現二者的相同點（through comparison）和不同點（through contrast）。下面是一些短語： 相似的比較：

in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 相反的比較：

on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …

三、換言之

沒話說了，可以換一句話再說，讓你的文章在多一些字，或者文鄒鄒地說，是讓讀者更充分的理解你的觀點。

實際就是重復重復再重復！下面的句子實際上就三個字 I love you!I am enthusiastic about you.That is to say, I love you.I am wild about you.In other words, I have fallen in love with you.或者上面我們舉過的例子：

I cannot bear it.可以用短語表達：I cannot put up with it.因此可以這樣說：I cannot bear it.That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.更多短語：

in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply

四級寫作常用經典句型

1）主語從句

It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.2）賓（表）語從句

The problem is not who will go, but who will stay.3）定語從句（限定性和非限定性）

There are many reasons why I want to study in your university.4）狀語從句（時間，原因，地點，條件，讓步，轉折等）

Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers.5）分詞短語做定語或狀語

Prof.Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better.6）倒裝句

Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.7）被動句

Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem.Many people believe that...（It is believed that...）8）設問句

Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him? 常用句型：

1． 表示原因

1）There are three reasons for this.2）The reasons for this are as follows.3）The reason for this is obvious.4）The reason for this is not far to seek.5）The reason for this is that．．． 6）We have good reason to believe that．．．

例：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.注：如考生寫第一個句子沒有把握，可將其改寫成兩個句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life.There are three reasons for this.這樣寫可以避免套用中的表達失誤。2．表示好處

1）It has the following advantages.2）It does us a lot of good.3）It benefits us quite a lot.4）It is beneficial to us.5）It is of great benefit to us.例：Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us.3．表示壞處

1）It has more disadvantages than advantages.2）It does us much harm.3）It is harmful to us.例：However, everything divides into two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.綜合運用篇

Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that....隨著社會的不斷發展，出現了越來越多的問題，其中之一便是____________。

As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.然而，對于此類問題，人們持不同的看法。（Hold different attitudes 持不同的看；Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法）

As society develops, people are attaching much importance to....隨著社會的發展，人們開始關注............As to whether it is worthwhile....., there is a long-running controversial debate.It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.關于是否值得___________的問題，一直以來爭論不休。當然，不同的人對此可能持不同的觀點。

Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that....最近，這種現象引起了人們的廣泛關注，有人開始擔心______________。

The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention.人類進入了一個歷史的嶄新的階段，經濟全球化、都市化的速度不斷加快，隨之給我們帶來了很多問題。

Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges, 現在我們正在進入一個充滿機會和挑戰的新時代。展現問題篇

問題的常用詞：question, problem, issue

Recently, the issue of......has been brought into public focus.近來，_______的問題引起了社會的廣泛關注。

Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in people's attitude towards some traditional practice.現在我們進入了一個充滿機遇和創新的嶄新時代，很多人對某些傳統的看法也發生了很大改變。

Recently the issue of whether or not...has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.近來，是否_______的問題已經非常明確而且引起了社會的廣泛關注。

The issue whether it is good or not to....has aroused a heated discussion all over the country.______的利與弊已在全國范圍內引起熱烈的討論。

At present, some people think....while others claim...Both sides have their merits.目前，一些人認為_______而另一些人則認為_______。其實，兩種觀點都其可取之處。

According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer...rather than...根據我的個性以及興趣，我選擇_______而不會選擇__________。

Personally, I side with the latter(former)opinion...就我個人而言，我支持后者（前者）___________。/Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view.就我個人而言，我較同意前一種看法。

From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that...通過以上的討論，我們可以得出如下結論，___________。

So, as I see it..因此，我個人認為，_________。

第三篇：初中句型結構總結

初中句型結構總結 see、hea、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at(感官動詞)+ do eg: I like watching monkeys jump.2（比較級 and 比較級）表示越來越…… 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）a place of interest 名勝 4 agree with sb.贊成某人 5 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一種/樣 all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界 7 along with 同……一道，伴隨…… e.g.: I will go along with you 我將和你一起去

The students planted trees along with their teachers.學生同老師們一起種樹。As soon as 一……就…… 9 as you can see 你是知道的 ask for ……求助 向……要……(直接想要的東西)eg: ask you for my book11 ask sb.for sth.向某人什么 12 ask sb.to do sth.詢問某人某事 ask sb.not to do sth.叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……歲時

egI am sixteen.I am at the age of sixteen.14 at the beginning of … ……的起初；……的開始 15 at the end of +地點/+時間 最后；盡頭；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的這個時候 at least 至少 be /feel confident of sth./that clause + 從句 感覺/對什么有信心，自信

eg: I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 現在進行時 2 將來時 19 be able to(+ v.原)= can(+ v.原）能夠…… e.g.: She is able to sing.She can sing.base on 以……(為)根據 20 be able to do sth.能夠干什么 eg: She is able to sing.21 be afraid to do(of sth.恐懼，害怕…… e.g.: I'm afraid to go out at night.I'm afraid of dog.22 be allowed to do 被允許做什么

e.g.: I'm allowed to watch TV.我被允許看電視。

I should be allowed to watch TV.我應該被允許看電視。23 be angry with sb.生某人的氣 e.g.: Don't be angry with me.24 be angry with(at)sb.for doing sth.為什么而生某人的氣25 be as … 原級 … as 和什么一樣 e.g.: She is as tall as me.她和我一樣高。26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 遠離 28 be away from 從……離開 29 be bad for 對什么有害

e.g.: Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes.在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好。30 be born 出生于

be busy doing sth.忙于做什么事 be busy with sth.忙于…… 32 be careful 當心；小心 be close to … 離……很近

be different from … 和……不一樣 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 對某人友好 36 be from = come from 來自 e.g.He is from Beijing.He comes from Beijing.Is he from Beijing? Does he come from Beijing? 37 be full of 裝滿……的 be filled with 充滿

e.g.: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad + to do/從句 做某事很高興

be going to + v.(原）打算，計劃，準備……40 be good at(+ doing)= do well in 在某方面善長, 善于……41 be good for 對什么有好處

e.g.: Reading aloud is good for your English.42 be happy to do 很高興做某事 43 be helpful to sb.對某人有好處

eg: Reading aloud is helpful to you.大聲朗讀對你有好處。Exercising is helpful to your body.鍛煉對你的身體有好處。44 be in good health 身體健康 45 be in trouble 處于困難中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 對某方面感興趣 47 be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到 48 be like 像…… eg: I'm like my mother.49 be mad at 生某人的氣

be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不見原材料)be made in 在……生產或制造

be made of 由……制成(制成以后還看得見原材料)52 be not sure 表不確定 53 be on a visit to 參觀

be popular with sb.受某人歡迎 be pleased with 對…感到滿意 55 be quiet 安靜

be short for 表……的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰

be sick in bed 生病在床58 be sorry to do sth.be sorry for sb.eg: I am sorry for you.59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb.eg: I am sorry to trouble you.61 be strict in doing sth.嚴于做某事 eg: He's strict in obeying roles 62 be strict with sb.對某人要求嚴格

eg: Some students are not strict with them selves.這些學生對自己不嚴格。

be strict with sb in sth.某方面對某人嚴格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表確定

be sure of doing sth.對做某事有信心

eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth.對做某事有信心

eg: I'm sure of my head(my teacher).我相信我的大腦（老師）。68 be sure that sth.對做某事有信心

eg: I'm sure that he can pass the test.我相信他能通過考試。69 be sure to do sth.一定會做某事

eg: We are sure to pass the test.我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well.我們一定能學好英語。70 be terrified of + 名/動 doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth.害怕做某事 72 be the same as … 和什么一樣 73 be used to doing sth.習慣做某事

eg: My father is used to getting up early.我爸爸習慣早起。He is used to sleeping in class.他習慣上課睡覺.He is used to working hard.He is used to hard work.他習慣努力工作 74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel)afraid to do sth.害怕做某事 be afraid of sth.害怕某物 be afraid that 從句 76 because + 句子 because of + 短語

eg: He was late because he had a headache.He was late because of his headache.77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事

start … with … = begin … with … 以……開始…… eg: Let's begin the game with the song.I begin to go home.78 between … and … 兩者之間 79 borrow sth.from sb.向……借……

lend sth.to sb.lend sb.sth.借給……什么東西 eg: I borrowed a pen from him.He lent a pen to me(he lent me a pen).80 both = the same(as)= not different(from)表相同 81 bother 打擾 bother sb.to do sth.both … and … ……和……都

eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打擾你，但是你能告訴我怎么去車站

The problem has been bothering me for weeks.這個問題困擾了我幾個周了。

He's bothering me to lend him money.82 by the end of 到……為止 83 call sb.sth.eg: We call him old Wang.84 care 關心

eg: Don't you care about this country's future? 你為什么不關心國家的未來。

catch up with sb.趕上某人 86 chat with sb.和某人閑談 take sb.to + 地點 帶某人去某地 87 come in 進來 88 come over to 過來 89 come up with 提出

eg: Can you come up with a good idea? 你能想出一個好辦法嗎？ 90 communicate with sb.和某人交流 91 consider + doing 考慮做……

eg: Why not consider going to lu zhou? 為什么不考慮去瀘州？ 92 dance to 隨著……跳舞

eg: She likes dancing to the music.她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞。93 decide to do sth.決定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的調查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好

do well in 在……方面干的好96 do wrong 做錯 補：drop off 放下（某物）

Don't forget to do sth.不要忘了做某事。98 Don't mind +doing /從句 /名詞.不要介意……。99 each + 名(單)每一個……

eg: Each student has many books.每一個學生都有一些書。100 end up + doing 101 enjoy + doing 喜歡 102 escape from 從……逃跑

eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison.犯人從監獄里逃跑出來。

Some gas is escaping from the pipe.有一些氣體從管子里冒出。103 expect to do sth.期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下來 fall off 從……摔下來

fall in love with sb./sth.愛上…… 106 far from 離某地遠

eg: The school is far from my home 107 find + it + adj.+ to do 發現做某事…… 108 find sb./sth.+adj.發現什么…… eg: I find the book interesting.109 finish + doing（名詞）完成做…… 110 fit to sb.= be fit for sb.適合某人 111 forget to do 沒有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home.I forget closing door.112 from … to … 從某某到某某 eg: from me for he 113 get /have sth.down 做完，被（別人）做…… eg: I have my hair cut.我理了發(頭發被剪了）。

Tom got his bad tooth pulled out.湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了（被牙醫拔掉了）。114 get a part-time job = find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb.= get on well with sb.與某人相處得好 116 get along with sb.= get on with sb.與某人相處 117 get ready for = be ready for 為什么而準備 eg: I get ready for math.I am ready for math.補：get … bake 退還…… 118 get sb in to trouble 給某人麻煩 119 get sb.to do sth.get out of 從……取出

get … from … 從某處得到某物 121 give a talk 做報告 eg: He is give a tall.122 give sth to sb.give sb sth.給某人某物 123 go fish 釣魚 go swimming 游泳 補：go over 過一遍；仔細檢查 124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 繼續做這件事 125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上學（用于專業的）go to the school 去學校（不一定是上學）127 good way to 好方法

hate to do 討厭沒做過的事 hate doing 討厭做過的事 129 have a party for sb.舉辦誰的晚會 130 have a talk 聽報告 談一談 131 have been doing 現在完成進行時 eg: You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to …(地方）……去過某過地方

have gone to …（地方）去了某地還沒回來

had better(not)do sth.最好(不要）做某事 133 have fun + doing 玩得高興 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做

eg: I have a lot of homework to do.我有很多家庭作業要做。

I have nothing to do.我沒什么事情做。135 have to do sth.必須做某事

have sth.done

請

某

人

做

某

事136 have trouble(problem)(in)doing sth.做什么事情有麻煩 137 have … time + doing have no time to do sth.沒有時間做某事 138 have …(時間)… off 放……假 eg: I have month off.我請一個月得假。

hear sb.+do/doing 聽見某人做某事/正在做某事 140 help a lot 很大用處

help sb.with sth one's sth.幫助某人某事（某方面）

help sb.(to)do sth.幫助某人做某事 142 hope to do sth.希望做某事

How about(+ doing)? = What about(+ doing)?（做）……怎么樣？144 how do you like = what do you think of 你對什么的看法 145 if: 是否 ＝ whether eg: I don't know if(whether)I should go to the party.我不知道我是否應該去參加晚會。

He don't know if(whether)we will arrive on time tomorrow morning.他不知道我們明天早上是否能準時到達。

if: 如果，假如(全部接一般時態)＋條件語態從句

eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it doesn’t rain.假如明天不下雨，我就去瀘州。If they change the plan they will let me know.假如他們要改變計劃，他們會讓我知道的。

I'll go to England, if I have enough money next year.如果我明年由足夠的錢，我就要去英國。

in one's opinion = sb.think 某人認為 148 in some ways 在某些方面 149 in the end = finally(adv)最后 150 in the north of

…

什

么

在什

么的北方（north 北 south 南 west 西 east 東）151 in the sun 在陽光下 152 increase 增加

eg: They've increased the price of petrol by 3%.他們把石油價增加了3%。

The population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now.153 instead of +（名）代替

eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear.我想要蘋果，而不要梨子。I like English instead of math.我喜歡英語而不喜歡數學。154 introduce sb.to sb.介紹某人給某人 introduce oneself 自我介紹155 invite sb to do sth.邀請某人做某事

156 It takes sb sometime to do sth.做某人花掉某人多少時間。eg: It took me 5 minutes to do my homework.It takes me half an hour to cook.157 It's + adj.+ for sb.to do sth.對某人來說做某事怎么樣。158 It's + adj.+ to do 做某事怎么樣。

159 It's + adj.for sb.對于某人來說怎么樣。

It's + adj.of sb.對某人來說太怎么樣。

160 It's + adj.(for sb.)to do sth.（對某人來說）做某事怎么樣。

It's + adj.of sb.to do sth.對某人來說做某事太怎么樣。eg: It's nice of you to help me with my English.161 It's a good idea for sb.to do sth.對……來說是個好主意。162 It's important to sb.對某人來說很重要。eg: It's important to me.163 It's time to do sth.It's time for sth.到了該去做某事的時間。eg: It's time to have class.It's time for class.該去上課了。164 join = take part in 參加 165 just now 剛才

166 keep +sb./sth.+ adj./介詞短語 讓什么保持…… 167 keep out 不讓……進入 168 keep sb adj.讓……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy.keep healthy 保持健康 169 key to +名詞 表示：某物的鑰匙或某題的答案 170 key to … answer to …

key 可以是答題或鑰匙 171 laugh at … 取笑…… eg: Don't laugh at others.We laughed at the joke.172 learn by oneself 自學

learn from 向……學習173 learn from sb.向某人學習eg: We should learn from Lei Feng.174 learn to do sth.學做某事

learn something by heart 背誦記熟 175 let sb.do sth.讓某人做某事

lend something to somebody 把某物借給某人 176 let sb.down 讓某人失望

eg：We shouldn't let our farents down.我們不應該讓我們的父母失望。177 live from :離某地遠

178 live in + 大地方 /at + 小地方 居住在某地 eg: I live in LuZhou.She lives at XuanTan.179 look after = take care of 照顧 照看 180 lose one's way 誰迷路 eg: Lose your way 你迷路

181 make a decision to do sth.決定做某事

make a contribution to doing 貢獻給 182 make friends with sb.和誰成為朋友 eg: I want to make friends with you.183 make it early 把時間定的早一點

184 make on exhibition of oneself 讓某人出洋相 185 make sb./n.+ n.使……成為…… eg: I made her my step mother.I made you my wife.186 make sb./sth.+adj.使某人（某物）怎么樣 eg: You must made your bed clean.187 make sb./sth.adj.使某人/某物怎么樣 188 make sb.do sth.讓某人做某事 eg: I made him write.我以前讓他寫。189 make up one's mind 190 make … difference to … 191 mind sb.to do

mind one's doing 介意……做什么 192 most + 名

most of + 代 193 much too + 形容詞 194 must be 一定 195 need +名詞

196 need sb.do sth.需要某人做某事 197 need to do(實義動詞）

need do(情態動詞）198 no /neither of hate to do

no /neither of hate doing 199 no + 名詞

200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn't cry any more.He cried no more.他再也不哭。201 not …(形、副）at all eg: He's not tall at all.she doesn't jump far at all.202 not …at all 一點都不

not only … but also … 不但……而且…… 203 not … either 表否定，也不 eg: I don't speak Japanese, either.I don't have sister, either.我也沒有姐姐 204 not … until 直到……才……

eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back.The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar 205 offer / provide sb.with sth.給某人提供 206 offer sb.sth.(offer sth to sb.提供什么東西給某人

eg: I offer you water(I offer water to you).我給你提供水。207 on one's way to … 在誰去那的路上 208 on the one hand 一方面

on the other hand 另一方面

209 on the phone = over the phone 用電話交談 210 on time 準時

in time 及時

211 one day ＝ some day ＝ someday 一天，有一天 212 one of + 可數名詞的復數形式 213 one to another 一個到另一個 214 over and over again 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over again.215 part-time job 兼職工作

fall-time job 全職工作 216 pay for … 付……錢

pay the bill 給錢，付錢 217 please + do pull … up from … 把……從……拉上來 218 please help yourself 219 pleased with sb.220 pool into = pore into 221 practice + doing 練習做某事

222 prefer sth.to sth.相對……更喜歡……

eg: I prefer physics to chemistry.在物理和化學中，我更喜歡物理。

prefer doing to sth.更喜歡去做……不愿意去做……

eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving.他更喜歡騎自行車，不開小車。

prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.寧愿做…也不愿 eg: My uncle prefers to buy a ne w car rather than repair the used one.我叔叔更喜歡買新的車，也不去修舊車。

prefer sb.not to do sth.更愿意……

eg: I prefer her not to come.我不喜歡她不來。223 pretend to do sth.裝著去做什么

pretend that 從句

eg: The two cheats pretended to be working very hard.這兩個騙子裝著努力工作。

He pretended that he did not know the answer.他裝著不知道答案。224 rather … than 寧可……也不……

eg: I would rather be a doctor than a teacher.我愿肯當醫生，也不當老師。

He likes dogs rather than cats.他喜歡狗，不喜歡貓。225 regard … as 把……當作……

eg: Please give my best regards to your family.請帶我向你的家人我最好的問候。

I regard you as my friend.我把你當作我的朋友。

He shows little regard for others.他不愛關心別人。226 remind sb.about sth.提醒某人什么事

remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事

eg: He reminds me about cooking(he reminds me to cook).他提醒我做飯。

227 remind sb.of sth.使某人想起什么

eg: The pictures remind me of my school days.這照片使我想起了我的學校。

The words that(which)the teacher talked to remind me of my mother.228 return sth.to sb.還什么東西給某人 229 say to oneself 對自己說 230 say to sb.對某人說

231 sb spend some money on sth 花了多少錢在某事上 232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少時間陪誰 233 sb spend sometime(in)doing sth 花了多少時間做某事 234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are 235 see sb do 看見某人做過某事 see sb doing 看見某人正在做某事

236 seem to do顯得怎么樣 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy it seem that 237 send +sb sth 送給某人某物 238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？ 239 shock 使……震驚

eg : Oh , It's only you!You give me a shock 啊，是你呀！嚇我一跳 240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book.241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么東西給某人看 eg: Show me your pen

Show your pen to me 242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 eg : I show the book to her.243 some…others… 一些……另一些…… 244 start…with… 從……開始

begin…with… 從……開始 245 stay away from 遠離……

start doing sth/start to do sth 開始做某事

eg : We're told to stay away from the animals when visiting the zoo 當我們參觀zoo 時，我們要遠離動物

If you want to lose weight you'd better stay away from the sweet food 徒工你想減肥，你最好遠離甜食 246 stop doing 停下正在做的事 247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 248 stop sb(from)doing 阻止某人做某事 249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事 250 such +名 這樣，這種 251 suit sb 適合某人

252 surprise sb 使某人驚奇

to one's surprise 令某人驚奇 253 take classes 上課

take one's temperature 給某人量體溫 254 take sb to 把某人帶去 eg : I take you to the hospital 255 take walks = take a walk ＝ go for a walk 散步 256 ①talk to 對誰說 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和誰說 eg : I talk with him ③ talk of 談到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 談論關于…… 257 talk with sb 和某人說話 258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事 259 tell sb do sth 告訴某人做某事 260 tell sb sth

tell sb that 叢句

tell sb not to do sth tell a story 261 tell sb sth 告訴某人某事

262 tell sb to do sth 告訴某人做什么

tell sb not to do sth 告訴某人不要做什么 263 tell…from…

thank to幸虧，由于 264 thank you for +doing thank sb for sth 因某事而感謝某人 265 the same +名詞(doing)+as……

the more… the more…越…就越… 266 the same…(名)…as

as…(adj adv)…as 相同

267 the way to do sth＝the way of doing sth 做某方面的方法

the day before yesterday 前天

the way to +地方 去哪的路

e g : Do you know the way to learn English

Do you know the way of learning English 268 the way to…（地點）到哪的路 269 too…to… 太怎樣而不能……

adj +enough to 足夠…能…

so…that +叢句 太… 所以…（such+名詞…that+從句）eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school He is old enough to go to school ＝ He is so old that he can go to school 270 translate ……into…… 把什么翻譯成什么 eg : Translate English into Chinese 271 travel with sb 和某人去旅游

272 try one's best to do sth 盡某人最大的努力去做某事 eg: I will try my best to learn English well 273 try to do sth 想干什么，但沒成功

try doing sth 想干什么，已經做過了 eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但沒成功

He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已經做過了 274 try…試衣服

have a try 試一下

275 turn down 開小 ←→ turn up 開大

276 turn off 關上 ←→ turn on 打開 open 拆開 277 upside down 倒著 unless=if not 278 visit to… 參觀某個地方 279 wait for sb 等某人

280 wait for sb to do sth 等某人做什么

wait for sb 等某人

wait for sometime 等多少間

eg : Would you please wait for me to get ready 等我準備好，好嗎？

Let's wait for the rain to stop 讓我們等雨停吧 281 wake sb up 把某人叫醒 282 want to do sth 想做某事

283 watch sb do sth 觀看某人做某事

wear out把…穿壞

284 welcome to +…（地方）歡迎到…… 285 what about +n /doing eg : what about an apple 286 what if 如果……怎么辦 What if +句子

eg : What if it is true ? 如果是真的怎么辦？

What if aliens should come to the earth 假如外星人來到地球怎么辦？ 287 what they will do = what to do 288 What's the matter ? = What's the trouble ? = What's wrong ? 有什么困難？

289 while +延續性動詞

290 why don't you do = why not do 291 will you please do

will you please not do 292 with one's best = with the help of sb 在某人的幫助下 293 with the help of sb 在某人的幫助下 with one's help 294 work at…在某處工作 295 work with sb 和某人一起工作 296 would like sth /to do sth eg : I would like to go to LuZhou 297 would you please +do 298 yet :至今，用在否定句中

299 you'd better do 最好做某事 = you'd better not do 最好不要做某事 300 不定式 +v(原）

301 聯系動詞（taste吃起來/sound聽起來/look看起來/smell聞起來）+adj 302 名詞、副詞、形容詞修飾 enough 時, 形容詞放在之前，名詞 副詞放在之后

303 太多 too much +不可數

too many +可數

much too 相當于 very，修飾形容詞 304 向賓語提問：Whom 305 向地點提問：Where 306 向方式提問：How 307 向價格和不可數名詞提問：How much 308 向可數名詞提問：How many 309 向頻率提問： How often 310 向時間段提問：How long 311 向時間提問：what time/when 312 向物主代詞提問：Whose 313 向職業提問：what do/does……do 314 向主語提問

第四篇：There be句型結構

There be句型結構、用法詳解、練習題。

1.there be結構的主謂一致

在英語里表示什么地方或時間存在什么事情就用此結構，句子的結尾往往帶有地點狀語或時間狀語。其中there是引導詞，本身沒有詞意，be是謂語動 詞，be后面的名詞是主語。be的數與后面的名詞一致，若be后是兩個或多個并列的名詞，be則與靠得最近的那個名詞的數一致。如：

There was a meeting yesterday.昨天有個會議。

There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.桌上有一支鋼筆、兩本書和好些鉛筆。

比較：There are two books, a pen and many pencils on the desk.2.there be與have的比較

(1)用法不同：there be 表示某個時間或地方“存在”某人或某物，而have表示主語“擁有”某人或某物，作賓語的某人或某物屬主語所有。

(2)結構不同：there be + sb./sth.+時間/地點(副詞或介詞短語)；sb./sth.+ have +sb./sth.else

There are some children in the garden.花園里有幾個孩子。

She has three cars.她擁有三輛汽車。(汽車是屬于她的)

注：若是部分與整體關系時，有時用兩種表達方式都可以。如：

A week has seven days.=There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。

3.there be的否定和疑問

(1)否定式：be后面加not(any)或no。如：

There are not any boats on the river.河上沒有船。

(2)疑問句：是把be移到there的前面來。如：

Are there any boat on the river? 河上有船嗎？

Yes, there are..(No, there are not.)有。（沒有。）

注：若有別的助動詞時就不一樣了，請看：

There won’t be a football match tomorrow, will there? 明天沒有足球賽，對嗎？

There usedn’t to be a tall tree here, used/didn’t ther? 以前這里有棵高樹，是不是？

There seems to be something wrong with you, doesn’t there? 你好像有些不舒服，對嗎？

There happened to be a well there, didn’t there? 那里碰巧有口井，是不是？ 4.there be結構的時態

there be結構有不同的時態，而且可以和各種助動詞或情態動詞連用。如：

There was a sport meeting in the playground yesterday.昨天運動場舉行了一場運動會。

There will be(=There is going to be)a new film show on Monday.星期一將有一場新電影放。

There is to be a concert at the school hall.學校禮堂有場音樂會。

There have been a lot of accidents round here.這里已經發生多起事故了。

He told me that there had been an argument between them.他告訴我們之間發生了一場爭論。

There will have been a definite result by Friday.到星期五前就已經有明確的結果了。

There must be a mistake somewhere.一定在什么地方有錯誤。

There must have been a rain last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下了雨，因為地是濕的。

5.there be結構的變體

該結構中，有時be還可以被live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等動詞代替。如：

Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.從前，在海邊的一個村子里住著一個老人。

There remained just twenty-eight pounds.只剩二十八英鎊了。

There seems little doubt that he is insane.似乎沒有多少疑問他的神經不正常。

6.there be的非限定形式

there be的非限定形式是there to be和there being，主要用來做介詞或動詞的賓語、主語或狀語。如：

Have you ever thought of there being so many interesting films for you to choose from?沒想到過有這么多有趣的電影供你選擇吧？

John was relying on there being another opportunity.約翰相信另有機會。

There being a bus stop so near my house is a great advantage.有公交車停在離我房子這么近的地方是很大的優勢。

There having been no rain, the ground was dry.由于沒有下雨，地上很干燥。

It’s unusual for there to be so few people in the street.(=It’s unusual that there are so few people in the street)這條街上這么少的人是不尋常的。

It was too late for there to be any subways.太晚了，不會有地鐵了。

Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem? 你們要開個會討論一下這個問題嗎?

I don’t want there to be a simple mistake in the article that I have written.我不想我寫的這篇文章中有錯誤。

I except there to be no argument about this.我期限望對此事沒有爭論的。

注：there to be常做like, expect, mean, want, intend, prefer, hate等的復合賓語。

7.there be的固定句型

There be +名詞或代詞+to do(+介詞)有某事要做

There be + some/no+ trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth/with sth.做某事(沒)有困難

There be + some/no + doubt about/as to sth / that… 對某事(沒)有疑問

There is no sense/use/good/point(in)doing sth 做某事沒有道理/用處/好處/意義

There is no need(for sb.)to do sth/that…(某人)做某事沒有必要

There is no chance/possibility to do sth/of doing sth./that… 沒有做某事的機會/可能性

There was no arguing with her.沒法和她爭辯。

There is a time when...有做某事的一段時間

練習： ______ a reading lamp on the table.A There is B There has C It is D It has 2 What a rainy summer we’ve had!

Yes, there______ only 3 sunny weekends the whole summer.A have been B are C had been D has been 3 I didn't want _____ to be a war between these two countries.A it B them C there D their 6 There is a little hope of ______ a settlement of the argument.A to be B there to be C there being D being 7 I don't expect there ______ any misunderstanding.A is B to be C being D will be 8 There are five pairs______ , but I’m at a loss which to buy.A to choose B to choose from C to be chosen D for my choosing 9 There is no use______ a lot without ______ anything.A to talk, do B talked, doing C talking, being done D talking, doing 10 If the storm had happened in the day-time, there ______ many more deaths.A were B would have been C had been D would be 11 Look!______.A There comes the bus B There the bus comes C The bus comes here D There does the bus come 12 ______ Mary with a baby in here arms just when I was about to leave.A There enter B There entered C Entered there D There entered into 13 There are a lot of people ______ for the bus to come.A waiting B to wait C waited D is waiting 14 The little girl is afraid to enter the house, because ______ a big dog at the gate.A lies there B lays there C there lies D there lays 15 About twenty-three centuries ago, ______.A there lived in Greece a great thinker who called Aristotle B a great thinker lived in Greece calling Aristotle C lived there in Greece a great thinker called Aristotle D there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle 16 ______ plenty of water in this river.A There used to being B There used to be C There is used to being D There was used to be 17 What a pity, my new computer doesn't work.______ must be something wrong with it.A It B There C This D That 18______ no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled.A It has B There has C It is D There is 19 Let’s get through the work quickly.______ seems to be little time left now.A It B That C There D we 20 ______appeared to be a war between his heart and his mind.A There B It C Where D What 答案： 1A 2A 3C 6C 7B 8B 9D 10B 11A 12B 13A 14C 15D 16B 17B 18D 19C 20A

第五篇：There be句型結構

There be句型的用法

一、構成：There be...句型表示的是 “某處有(存在)某人或某物”，其結構為There be(is，are，was, were)+名詞+地點狀語。例如：

There are fifty-two students in our class.There is a pencil in my pencil-case.There was an old house by the river five years ago.二、各種句式：

否定句：There be句型否定句式的構成和含有be動詞的其它句型一樣，在be后加上“not”。例如：

There is an orange in her bag.→There isn’t an orange in her bag.There are some oranges in her bag.→There aren’t any oranges in her bag.There is some juice in the bottle.→There isn’t any juice in the bottle..一般疑問句：There be結構的一般疑問句變化只需把be動詞移到句首，再在句尾加上問號即可。例如：

There is some money in her handbag.→ Is there any money in her handbag?(疑問句和否定句中，some改為any, something改為anything.)There is something new in today’s newspaper.→There isn’t anything new in today’s newspaper.→Is there anything new in today’s newspaper? 特殊疑問句：

There be句型的特殊疑問句有以下三種形式：

① 對主語提問：當主語是人時，用 “Who’s + 介詞短語?”；當主語是物時，用 “What’s + 介詞短語?”。其中there在口語中常常省略。注意：無論原句的主語是單數還是復數，對其提問時一般都用be的單數形式(回答時卻要根據實際情況來決定)。如：

There is a bird in the tree.→What’s in the tree?

There are some bikes over there.→What’s over there?

There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?

② 對地點狀語提問：用 “Where is are + 主語?”表示（注意其答語變化）：例如：

There is a computer in my office.→ Where is the computer?----It’s in my office.There are four children in the classroom.→Where are the four children?—They’ re in the classroom.③ 對數量提問：一般有兩種提問方式：

如果主語是可數名詞，無論是單數還是復數，都用“How many +可數名詞復數 + are there + 介詞短語？”表示：

There are twelve months in a year.→How many months are there in a year? There is only one book in my bag.→ How many books are there in your bag? There is a cat in the box.→ How many cats are there in the box? 如果主語是不可數名詞，則用“ How much + 不可數名詞 + is there + 介詞短語？”表示：

There is some money in my purse.How much money is there in

your purse?