第一篇：翻譯練習(xí)題目答案(上冊(cè))

Unit 1

●他們發(fā)現(xiàn)要掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)是困難的。(find it hard to)They find it hard to master a foreign language.●這項(xiàng)研究表明成功人士在許多方面是相似的。(similar)

The research shows that successful people are similar in many ways.●成功的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者不只依賴(lài)書(shū)本或者教師。(depend on)

Successful language learners do not just depend on books or teachers.●我們?cè)敢鈳椭覀兊呐笥选?be willing to)We're willing to help our friends.●我們應(yīng)該獨(dú)立地，積極地并且有目的地學(xué)習(xí)新東西。(purposefully)We should learn new things independently, actively and purposefully.●研究表明，成功的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者在許多方面有共同之處。

Research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.●語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)是一種主動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)習(xí)者應(yīng)該利用一切機(jī)會(huì)運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言。Language learning is active learning，Therefore．successful learners should look for every chance to use the language.●學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言應(yīng)該主動(dòng)地、獨(dú)立地、有目的地學(xué)。Language learning should be active,independent and purposeful.●學(xué)語(yǔ)言不同于學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)。

Learning a language is different from learning maths.●老師經(jīng)常將成功的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)傳授給我們。

The teacher often imparts successful language learning experiences to us.Unit 2

●中國(guó)以其絲綢產(chǎn)品領(lǐng)先于世界。(lead?with)China leads the world with its silk products.●除了收入所得稅外，有些州還要收購(gòu)物稅。(in addition to, charge)Some states charge a sales tax in addition to income tax.●銷(xiāo)售稅隨你所購(gòu)物品的價(jià)格而變。(vary with)Sales tax varies with the prices of the goods you buy.●人們總是在抱怨著不斷上漲的物價(jià)。(complain about)People are always complaining about the rising prices.●媽媽說(shuō)他每天花太多的時(shí)間看電視。(spend?in)

Mother said he spent too much time in watching TV each day.●納稅是每個(gè)公民應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。

It is every citizen's duty to pay taxes.●美國(guó)人常說(shuō)他們一生中有兩件事逃脫不了。

Americans often say that there are two things they can be sure of in life.●正因?yàn)槊绹?guó)有三級(jí)政府，稅收也有三種。

There are generally three levels of government in the United States;therefore,there are three types of taxes.●某些州除了征收銷(xiāo)售稅還征收收入所得稅。

Some states charge income tax in addition to a sales tax.●美國(guó)人抱怨稅收太高，政府也沒(méi)有正確使用稅收。

Americans complain that taxes are too high and the government uses them in the wrong way.Unit 3

●水手們擔(dān)心他們會(huì)遇上壞天氣。(afraid)

The sailors are afraid that they may meet bad weather.●這座山有泰山的一半高。(half as?as)This mountain is half as high as Mount Tai.●這所學(xué)校平均每個(gè)班有45人。(on the average)

On the average, there are 45 students in each class of the school.●氣候?qū)χ参锏纳L(zhǎng)有影響。(affect)Climate affects the growth of plants.●我的工作越積越多。(pile up)My work keeps piling up.●平均每天有1000名來(lái)訪者。

On the avarage there are 1,000 vistors a day.●大西洋只有太平洋的1/2大，但有4000多英里寬。

The Atlantic Ocean is only as half as the Pacific,but it is moar than 4,000 miles wide.●昨晚他過(guò)了好一會(huì)兒才入睡。

Last night it took him a long time to get to sleep.●電視里的廣告太多，無(wú)法記住到底有多少。

There are so many ads on TV that it is to remember how many there are.●許多錯(cuò)誤的想法導(dǎo)致哥倫布時(shí)代的人不愿西行。

Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made the people in Columbus'days unwilling to sail westward.Unit 4

●他們的研究主要集中在成年人的學(xué)習(xí)技能上。(focus on)Their research mainly focuses on the learning skills of adults.●知道這些短語(yǔ)怎么用是很有意義的。(It is meaningful to?)It is meaningful to know how to use these phrases.●成年組由15人組成。(consist of)The adult group consists of 15 people.●不用說(shuō)，我們都很清楚這些事實(shí)。(needless to say)Needless to say, we are all clear about the facts.●記憶力指的是記住過(guò)去的事件和經(jīng)歷的能力。(refer to, the ability to)Memory refers to the ability to remember the past events and experiences.●我總是把那支歌同我的學(xué)校生活聯(lián)系起來(lái)。(associate with)I always associate that song with my school life.●你難以記住毫無(wú)意義的信息。

Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember.●聯(lián)想旨在將我們要記的與已記住的聯(lián)系起來(lái)。Association refers to associating what we want to remember with what we have already remembered.●將單詞分類(lèi)有利于記憶。

Catagorezing words helps memory

●不用說(shuō)，如果圖書(shū)館的書(shū)陳列得毫無(wú)章法，讀者不可能找到他們所要的書(shū)。Needless to say,if the books in the library were kept in a random order,readers could not find the books they wanted.●將信息處理為一幅完整的畫(huà)面存放在腦海里，可以幫助保持記憶。Forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single memtal picture can help up to preserve a memory.Unit 5

●我們還沒(méi)有找到一個(gè)代替他的人。(substitute for)We haven't found a substitute for him yet.●孩子們很愿意成為像電影中英雄們那樣強(qiáng)壯勇敢的人。(be eager to)Children are eager to become as strong and brave as the heroes in films.●他被我們認(rèn)為是我們當(dāng)中跑得最快的人。(supposed to)He is supposed to be the fastest runner among us.●有些故事流傳很廣，而另外一些故事卻不是這樣。(widespread)Some stories are widespread, while others are not.●事實(shí)上，肉和土豆是可以同時(shí)吃的。(as a matter of fact)As a matter of fact, meat and potatoes can be eaten together.●人們常把學(xué)校看成是一個(gè)小社會(huì)。(think of?as)People often think of a school as a small society.●第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間的士兵吃了大量的土豆。

The soldiers ate millions of pounds of potatoes during WWII.●有一種錯(cuò)誤觀念，吃某種動(dòng)物就可以吸取這種動(dòng)物的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。One wrong idea was that by eating an animal people could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.●魚(yú)是否為最佳益腦食品有待證明。

It has not yet been proved whether fish is the best brain food.●牛奶含有豐富的蛋白質(zhì)，許多人用它當(dāng)早餐。

Milk contains rich protein.Therefore,many people drink it for breakfast.●今天，有不少人對(duì)某些食品有錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)識(shí)。

Today many people have wrong ideas about food.Unit 6

●請(qǐng)把你要的東西清理出來(lái)并把其余的全扔掉。(sort out)Please sort out what you want and throw away the rest.●這部電梯的價(jià)錢(qián)比預(yù)計(jì)的要稍高一些。(somewhat)The price of the lift is somewhat higher than expected.●這些圖案十分受青年人歡迎。(be popular with)These designs are very popular with young people.●他不寫(xiě)了，因?yàn)樗墓P沒(méi)有墨水了。(run out of)He stopped writing because his pen had run out of ink.●有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人能夠立即辨別出來(lái)哪個(gè)是真的。(experienced, immediately)

Experienced people can tell immediately which one is real.●眾所周知，鉆石是最堅(jiān)硬的物質(zhì)。

It is known to all that diamonds are the hardest substance.●今天的大部分鉆石不是從河床中發(fā)現(xiàn)的，而是從深藏在地下的巖石中開(kāi)采出來(lái)的。

Today most diamonds are not found in stream beds but mined from rock formations deep inside the earth.●鉆石剛開(kāi)采時(shí)并不光彩照人。

Diamonds,as they are mined,do not look very expressive.●他干任何事都沒(méi)有常性。

He never sticks to anything he does.●活火山（active volcano）爆發(fā)是一種可怕的自然現(xiàn)象。

The eruption of active vocanoes is a terrible natural phenomenon.Vocabulary Exercises Unit 7

●在現(xiàn)代家庭中父母都掙錢(qián)養(yǎng)家。(earn)

In a modern family, parents both earn money for the family.●她是一名教師，而她的哥哥是一名工程師。(while)She is a teacher, while her brother is an engineer.●按傳統(tǒng)，中國(guó)青年在長(zhǎng)大成家之前一直與父母同住。(traditionally, until)

Traditionally, Chinese young people live with their parents until they grow up and marry.●所有的老師都很關(guān)心我學(xué)習(xí)方面的進(jìn)步。(care for)All the teachers care for my progress in study.●在一些家庭中，父母雙方都是既工作又照顧家和孩子。(take care of)In some families, both parents work and take care of the house and children.●這個(gè)組分成了兩個(gè)，因?yàn)樗罅恕?split)

The group was split up into two because it’s too big.●他們計(jì)劃擴(kuò)展他們?cè)谶@個(gè)領(lǐng)域中的研究。(extend)They plan to extend their research in this field.●兩年前她同丈夫離了婚。(divorce)She divorced her husband two years ago.●在美國(guó)有許多單親家庭和再婚家庭。

There are many single parent families and remarried families in the USA.●毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，大家庭通過(guò)血緣或婚姻關(guān)系組成。

Undoubtedly,the members of an extended family are related by floodor by marriage.●中國(guó)的核心家庭往往由父親、母親和獨(dú)生子組成。

The nuclear family in China usually consists of two parents and their only child.●家庭無(wú)論對(duì)年輕人還是老年人都意味著某種歸屬。

The family has a sense of belonging for both the young and the old.●大多數(shù)人長(zhǎng)大成人以后，不愿跟父母一起生活。

Most people are unwilling to live with their parents when they grow up.Vocabulary Exercises Unit 8

●衛(wèi)星不僅能夠傳送電視廣播，而且能夠傳送電話。(capable of)Satellites are capable of transmitting not only TV broadcasts but also phone calls.●從理論上講，每個(gè)人都可以受到教育。(theory)In theory, everyone can be educated.●你應(yīng)該按醫(yī)生的指導(dǎo)去服這種藥。(follow?instructions)

You should follow the doctor's instructions on how to take the medicine.●計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)可以同時(shí)傳送聲音和圖像。(as well as)

A computer system can transmit sounds as well as pictures at the same time.●是現(xiàn)代技術(shù)使我們走向成功。(lead to)It is modern technology that leads us to success.●這個(gè)病人應(yīng)該與其他病人隔離開(kāi)。(isolate)This patient should be isolated from other patients.●這個(gè)士兵表現(xiàn)出勇氣和技能。(display)The soldier displayed courage and skills.●他的實(shí)驗(yàn)充分證明了那條心理學(xué)原理。(demonstrate)His experiment fully demonstrated that psychological principle.●存放在計(jì)算機(jī)里的信息可以通過(guò)衛(wèi)星傳播給用戶(hù)。

Information stored in computers can be transmitted wia satellite to anyong who can pay for the service.●今天，一顆衛(wèi)星能同時(shí)收送100000多個(gè)電話。

Now a satellite is capable of receiving and transmitting 100,000 telephone calls simutaneously.●高新技術(shù)對(duì)我們即有利又有弊。

The high and new telenology may harm us as well as help us.●為了迎接21世紀(jì)，學(xué)好計(jì)算機(jī)很重要。

To greet the 21st century,it is important for us to learn to use computers well.●學(xué)習(xí)新技術(shù)的目的在于應(yīng)用新技術(shù)。

The purpose of learning the new technology is to apply it.Unit 9

●成功屬于那些努力工作的人。(apply to)

Success belongs to those who apply themselves to work.●到了那個(gè)國(guó)家以后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎沒(méi)有什么場(chǎng)合可以說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)。(occcasion)

After getting to that country, he found there were few occasions to speak Chinese.●相互理解對(duì)于友誼是至關(guān)重要的。(of?importance to)Mutual understanding is of great importance to friendship.●世界上沒(méi)有兩片完全相同的樹(shù)葉。(no)

No two leaves are the same in the world.或There are no two same leaves in the world.●我說(shuō)他們是朋友，并不是指他們什么都分享。(When I say?I do not mean)

When I say they are friends, I don't mean they share everything.●會(huì)議涉及貿(mào)易和農(nóng)業(yè)。(concern)

The meeting concerns trade and agriculture.●如果形勢(shì)變壞，可能出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題。(come up)

If the situation becomes worse, serious problems may come up.●我寧愿今天去，不愿意明天去。(rather than)I would rather go today than tomorrow.●汽車(chē)是由許多不同的零件構(gòu)成的。(make up)A car is made up of many different parts.●那個(gè)逃跑了的囚犯仍然逍遙法外。(at large)The escaped prisoner is still at large.●普通詞匯屬于大家。

Popular words belong to the people at large.●另一方面，語(yǔ)言擁有許多學(xué)術(shù)性的詞匯。On the other hand,language includes a large number of “l(fā)earned” words.●這兩類(lèi)詞所具有的氣氛大不一樣。

The armosphere of the two classes of words is quite different.●有一些詞匯是我們長(zhǎng)大以后才知道的。

Some words are not known to us until we grow up.●有些普通詞匯我們?cè)谧x書(shū)以前就學(xué)會(huì)了。

Some popular words are known to us before we are able to read.Unit 10

●人類(lèi)曾好奇為什么鳥(niǎo)會(huì)飛，而人不會(huì)。(wonder)Man once wondered why birds could fly but he couldn’t.●這個(gè)小孩把玩具拆開(kāi)了，卻不知道如何再組裝起來(lái)。(take apart, put together)

The child took apart the toy, but didn't know how to put it together.●不管發(fā)生什么，他們都將完成這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。(regardless of, carry out)They'll carry out the experiment regardless of what happens.●雖然她很累，可她仍然樂(lè)于助人。(willing to)Though very tired, she was still willing to help others.●我們不應(yīng)該嘲笑犯錯(cuò)誤的人。(laugh at)

We shouldn't laugh at people who make mistakes.●我們決心尋求這些問(wèn)題的答案。(determined, seek)We are determined to seek the answers to the questions.●根據(jù)我們目前的知識(shí), 這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可以被認(rèn)為是可接受的。(in the light of, finding, acceptable)

In the light of our present knowledge, this finding may be regarded as acceptable.●你們應(yīng)該使自己適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。(adapt?to)You should adapt yourselves to the new environment.●因果關(guān)系原則有利于解決某些科學(xué)問(wèn)題。

The cause-and-effect principle can be used to solve some scientific problems.●科學(xué)的快速發(fā)展促使許多企業(yè)探求新的出路。

The rapid development in science stimulates many enterprises to seek new ways out.●尊重他人的觀點(diǎn)也是一種科學(xué)態(tài)度。

Respect for the views of orders is also a scientific attitude.●思想開(kāi)放在于能接受新的甚至有時(shí)不愿接受的觀點(diǎn)。Open-minddedness lies in the ability to accept new and sometimes even disagreeable ideas.●孩子們總是對(duì)任何事物都好奇。

Young children are always curious about everything.Vocabulary Exercises Unit 11

●這家商店在鄰近地區(qū)貼了許多廣告。(put up)This shop put up many ads in the neighborhood.●有一些人厭倦了現(xiàn)代化的城市生活而搬到農(nóng)村去住。(be fed up with)

Some people are fed up with modern city life and move to the country.●我上個(gè)星期在公園碰到了我的一位朋友。(run across)I ran across one of my friends in the park last week.●他沒(méi)帶錢(qián)，所以他注定會(huì)回來(lái)的。(be bound to)He took no money with him, so he is bound to come back.●他現(xiàn)在正面臨一個(gè)十分重要的問(wèn)題。(be faced with)He is now faced with a very important problem.●所有沒(méi)用的物品都應(yīng)扔掉。(get rid of)All the useless things should be got rid of.●我們的責(zé)任是去滿(mǎn)足人民日益增長(zhǎng)的需要。(ever-increasing)Our duty is to meet people's ever-increasing needs.●所有貨物的價(jià)格都是原來(lái)的一半。(be priced at)All the goods are priced at half of their original cost.●這音樂(lè)實(shí)在使我感到厭煩。(turn?off)The music really turns me off.●他在這本書(shū)里清楚地列出了他的觀點(diǎn)。(set out)He set out his ideas clearly in this book.●逛早市已成為許多北京人的習(xí)慣。

Many people in Peking have made morning shopping a hobby.●我在一家舊貨店無(wú)意中碰到了他早年的作品。

I ran across his earlier works in a second-hand store.●你根本想不到有人會(huì)買(mǎi)別人不再想要的東西。

You wouldn't believe that someone will buy someone else's castoffs.●不久前他提出了一個(gè)切實(shí)可行的計(jì)劃。

Not long age,he put up a practicable plan.●我們肯定會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗。We are bound to win battle.Unit 12

●人們普遍認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言是不斷發(fā)展和變化的。(It is widely believed?)It is widely believed that languages are always developing and changing.●她被認(rèn)為是城里最好的醫(yī)生。(be regarded as)She is regarded as the best doctor of the town.●這些書(shū)在圖書(shū)館里是按照作者名字的順序擺放的。(according to)These books are displayed in the library according to the order of the authors' names.●這些孩子們受其父母的影響很深。(influence)The children are deeply influenced by their parents.●他們對(duì)我的結(jié)論的真實(shí)性提出質(zhì)疑。(dispute)They disputed the truthfulness of my conclusion.●這孩子是在一個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)的山村中長(zhǎng)大的。(bring up)The child was brought up in a remote mountain village.●當(dāng)你遇到生字時(shí)，并不總需要查字典.(look up)

When you run across a new word, you needn’t always look it up in a dictionary.●你一旦染上了壞習(xí)慣，就很難除掉。(get into)Once you get into a bad habit, it is hard to get rid of.●就我知識(shí)所及，魚(yú)是最好的補(bǔ)腦的食物這種看法不是荒謬的。(to the best of)

To the best of my knowledge, it is not foolish that fish is the best brain food.●一本好字典應(yīng)定期增補(bǔ)新內(nèi)容。

A good dictionary should give new uses to old words regularly.●字典中每個(gè)詞條的編撰均以某一原則為基礎(chǔ)。

The writing and compiling of every entry in dictionary is based on a certain principle.●編字典的工作是從閱讀大量材料做讀書(shū)卡開(kāi)始的。The task of writing a dictionary begins with the reading of vast amounts of literature and making cards.●并不是所有的字典都有權(quán)威性。

Not all dictionaries have authority.●我曾經(jīng)在與一個(gè)英國(guó)人對(duì)一個(gè)詞的發(fā)音發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)后，提出查字典。I once got into a dispute with an Englishman over the pronunciation of a word and offered to look it up in the dictionary.Unit 13

●當(dāng)陌生人站在你家門(mén)前時(shí)，你應(yīng)該有所提防。(be on guard)You should be on guard when a stranger stands at your door.●事實(shí)上，我們找這本書(shū)的時(shí)間跟讀這本書(shū)的時(shí)間差不多。(in effect)In effect, we spent almost as much time looking for this book as reading it.●她的信使我想起了我們?cè)黄鸲冗^(guò)的好時(shí)光。(remind)Her letter reminded me of the happy time we spent together.●除了少數(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)人員外，大多數(shù)人不完全了解保險(xiǎn)是什么。(professional)

Most people but a few insurance professionals don't fully understand what insurance is.●這個(gè)方法是經(jīng)過(guò)驗(yàn)證的，他仍然是行之有效的。(proven, effective)This method has been proven and it’s still effective.●他充其量不過(guò)能做去年的一半那么多。(at best)At best he can do half of what he did last year.●我突然想起來(lái)他已經(jīng)兩個(gè)月沒(méi)交所得稅了。(occur)It occurs to me that he hasn't paid income tax for two months.●他在這所學(xué)院主修發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工藝。(major)He majors in engine technology in this college.●保險(xiǎn)提醒我們生活在一個(gè)不安全的世界。

Insurance reminds us that we live in an unsafe world.●人們不樂(lè)意討論保險(xiǎn)的理由有三個(gè)。

There are three reasons why people are unwilling to discuss insurance.●買(mǎi)保險(xiǎn)并不能完全領(lǐng)先保險(xiǎn)代理人。

We should not depend entirely on the agent when buy insurance.●盡管意外、疾病和死亡都是一些令人不愉快的話題，但我們應(yīng)該面對(duì)它們。

Although accident,illness,and death are not pleasant subjects,we should face them.●一個(gè)美國(guó)人每年為健康保險(xiǎn)支付達(dá)二千美元。

An American pays as much as $ 2,000 for health insurance every year.Unit 14

●他在聽(tīng)那場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)而無(wú)聊的報(bào)告時(shí)睡著了。(fall asleep)

He fell asleep when he was listening to the long and boring report.●他們甚至沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這是一種好習(xí)慣。(aware)They are not even aware that this is not a good habit.●我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)尊重對(duì)方，避免摩擦或沖突。(friction, conflict)We should learn to respect others to avoid friction or conflict.●他們發(fā)誓不管發(fā)生什么，他們都會(huì)完成這項(xiàng)工作。(swear)They swear that they will finish the work whatever happens.●那些不懂禮貌的人遲早要為此付出代價(jià)。(sooner or later, pay the price)

Those who don’t understand manners will pay the price sooner or later.●我不渴。請(qǐng)不必費(fèi)心為我泡茶。(bother)

I'm not thirsty.Please don't bother to make tea for me.●他對(duì)工作的態(tài)度深深地打動(dòng)了我。(impress)I'm deeply impressed by his attitude to work.●他們并沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這種行為會(huì)干擾他人。

They are not aware that such behavior will bother other.●在公共場(chǎng)所應(yīng)注意自己的言談舉止。Behave yourself in public places.●好習(xí)慣是從小養(yǎng)成的。

Good habits are formed from early childhood.●不遵守公眾準(zhǔn)則就無(wú)法與人交際。

We cannot interact with others without some social rules of behavior.●良好的態(tài)度有助于事業(yè)的成功。

Good manners help you succeed in your career.Unit 15

●和談對(duì)兩國(guó)的關(guān)系有著持久的影響。(have?effect on)

Peace talks have a long-lasting effect on the relationship between the two countries.●假若健康情況良好，我希望今年完成這項(xiàng)工作。(given)Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.●我必須指出不犯錯(cuò)誤是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。(point out)

I must point out that it’s unrealistic not to make mistakes.●許多年輕人對(duì)足球很狂熱。(crazy about)Many young people are crazy about football.●我認(rèn)為你的計(jì)劃很好，可是有沒(méi)有別的計(jì)劃取代它呢？(alternative)I think your plan is very good, but are there any other alternatives?●我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)分辨是非。(distinguish?from)We should learn to distinguish right from wrong.●你可以對(duì)這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)作多種解釋。(interpret)You can interpret the term in many ways.●他對(duì)這件事采取堅(jiān)定的態(tài)度。(adopt)He adopted a firm attitude to this matter.● 母親的話暗示孩子們每星期可看兩次電視。(imply)

Mother's words imply that children may watch TV twice a week.10 他的工作是監(jiān)聽(tīng)某一外國(guó)的無(wú)線電廣播。(monitor)His job is to monitor a foreign broadcast.●暴力電影對(duì)學(xué)齡前兒童影響很大。

Violence films have a great effect on preschool children.●家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該監(jiān)控孩子看電視的總量和種類(lèi)。

Parents should monitor the amount as well as the kind of television their children watch.●學(xué)齡前兒童還不能完全辨別事實(shí)與幻想。Preschool children are not yet fully able to distinguish fantasy from reality.●孩子看電視時(shí)最好有家長(zhǎng)在旁邊指導(dǎo)。When a child is watching television,the parents had better guide by his side.●事實(shí)證明，暴力電視節(jié)目對(duì)兒童的成長(zhǎng)有不良影響。

It has been proven that violence television programs have bad effects on the development of children.Unit 16

●在過(guò)去的二十年中，中國(guó)一直高速向前發(fā)展。(at?speed)China has been developing at a high speed in the past 20 years.●技術(shù)進(jìn)步使人們生活得更舒適愉快。(technological advance, enable)Technological advances enable people to live more happily and comfortably.●毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，人們?cè)絹?lái)越重視身體健康。(there is no doubt that)There is no doubt that people are paying more and more attention to their health.●人們常鼓勵(lì)孩子們?nèi)ハ胂蠖皇侨ツ７隆?encourage)People often encourage children to imagine rather than imitate.●我們必須依靠自己的努力去把科研成果轉(zhuǎn)變成生產(chǎn)力。(rely on)We must rely on our own efforts to turn the research findings into productivity.●由于做了認(rèn)真的準(zhǔn)備，心臟手術(shù)進(jìn)行得很成功。(as a result of)As a result of careful preparation, the heart surgery was successfully performed.●學(xué)生們從他的講課中受益匪淺。(benefit from)The students benefit a lot from his lessons.●誰(shuí)應(yīng)對(duì)這次行動(dòng)負(fù)全部責(zé)任？(take?responsibility for)Who should take full responsibility for the action?●越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)識(shí)到預(yù)防心臟病比治療心臟病更重要。

More and more people are realizing that the prevention of heart disease is more important than its treatment.●毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，許多患者已得利于經(jīng)常進(jìn)行散步、跑步、游泳等運(yùn)動(dòng)。There is no doubt that many patients have benefited from regular exercise like walking, running, swimming and so on.●強(qiáng)調(diào)治療顯然與近十多年來(lái)的高科技發(fā)展有聯(lián)系。

The emphasis on treatment is clearly associated with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten years.●最近的研究成果表明，壓力、抽煙、缺乏鍛煉是導(dǎo)致心臟病的主要原因。

Recent researches have found that stress,smoking and a lack of exercise are the main factors causing heart discase.●據(jù)聯(lián)邦政府報(bào)道，心臟手術(shù)的成功率不高。

According to the federal goverment report,the chances of success in heart surgery were low.Unit 17

●這些天他常遭受頭痛的困擾。(suffer from)He is suffering from a headache these days.●現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有許多種關(guān)于這種病的起因的解釋。(as to)

There have been a lot of explanations as to the causes of the disease.●研究表明，大量飲酒和吸煙的人更容易患心臟病。(suffer)Studies show that people who drink and smoke a lot are more likely to suffer heart attacks.●一些不良的生活習(xí)慣會(huì)威脅人的身體健康。(endanger)Some bad living habits may endanger a person's health.●尋求心理幫助對(duì)于某些病人來(lái)說(shuō)是十分必要的。(to seek psychological help)

It is very necessary for some patients to seek psychological help.● 到目前為止，還不能排除地震的可能性。(as yet)As yet, we can't rule out the chance of an earthquake.●地板太薄承受不了機(jī)器的重量。(bear)

The floor is too thin to bear the weight of the machine.● 有關(guān)簽訂協(xié)議的消息尚未得到證實(shí)。(confirm)

The news about signing the agreement hasn’t been confirmed.●無(wú)休止的爭(zhēng)論最終打亂了我們的計(jì)劃。(eventually, disrupt)The endless dispute eventually disrupted our plan.● 那位作者的名字在這篇文章里提到好幾次。(mention)The author's name was mentioned several times in this article.●恐慌癥的發(fā)作可能延續(xù)幾分鐘或幾小時(shí)。

Panic attacks may last only a few minutes or several hours.●心臟病發(fā)作有可能直接危及患者的生命安全。

Heart attack may directly endanger a patient's life.●年齡、性別及多種癥狀是區(qū)別恐慌癥發(fā)作與心絞痛發(fā)作的三大要素。

Age,sex,and the multiplicity of symptoms are three signs which indicate a person's suffering from a panic attack or a heart attack.●對(duì)引起恐慌癥發(fā)作的原因說(shuō)法不一，但在兩點(diǎn)上有類(lèi)似之處。There are a lot of explanations as to the causes of panic attacks,but two of them are generally agreed upon.●恐慌癥發(fā)作的癥狀與心臟病發(fā)作的癥狀很相似，以致許多患者認(rèn)為他們有心臟病。

The symptoms of panic attacks bear such remarkable similarity to those of heart attacks that many victims believe that they have a heart attack.Unit 18

●直到半夜才發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子們并不在他們的臥室里。(not until)It was not until midnight that the children were found not in their bedroom.● 我們的結(jié)論基于全部可獲得的知識(shí)，而不是基于猜測(cè)和想象。(rather than)

Our conclusion is based on all available knowledge rather than guess or imagination.●她以故事的形式把她的過(guò)去講給我們聽(tīng)。(in the form of)She told us her past in the form of a story.● 他的統(tǒng)計(jì)根本不準(zhǔn)確。(far from)His stats are far from right.●根據(jù)安排，我們今天將參觀頤和園。(in accordance with)

In accordance with the arrangement, we'll visit the Summer Palace today.● 你可以充分信賴(lài)他的許諾。(place?reliance on)You can place full reliance on his promise.●他的觀點(diǎn)僅供你參考。(reference)

His point of view is only for your reference.●這兩年中他們進(jìn)行了多項(xiàng)科學(xué)試驗(yàn)。(attempt)

They have attempted many scientific experiments in the past two years.●直到讀了你的報(bào)告我才了解到事實(shí)的真相。

It was not until I read your report that I learned the truth.●貨物會(huì)按照你提出的要求寄去。

The good will be sent to you in accordance with your requirements.●中世紀(jì)歐洲教會(huì)嚴(yán)重阻礙了科學(xué)的發(fā)展。

In the Middle Ages,European Church interfered seriously with the advance of science.●今天人們難以想像地圖的上方不是北方。

Today it is hard to visualize a map that does not feature north at the top.●他朝著北極星的方向匆匆地駛?cè)ァ?/p>

He was driving hurriedly in the direction of the Pole Star.Unit 19

●他發(fā)現(xiàn)要趕上物理學(xué)的進(jìn)展很難。(keep pace with)He finds it hard to keep pace with the progress of physics.●現(xiàn)在，中國(guó)可以與世界上大多數(shù)國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。(compete with)China can now compete with most countries in the world.●只要我們努力，就完全有可能做得更好。(there is every likelihood that?)

There is every likelihood that we'll do better as long as we try.●越來(lái)越多的人開(kāi)始關(guān)心我們的自然環(huán)境。(be concerned about)More and more people begin to be concerned about our natural environment.●這艘戰(zhàn)艦裝備了核武器。(be armed with)The warship is armed with nuclear weapons.●如果你不泄露給任何人，我就告訴你實(shí)情。(provided)I'll tell you the truth provided you don't tell it to anyone.●我們非常高興他這次心臟病發(fā)作后能活下來(lái)。(survive)We're very glad that he has survived his heart attack.1●老虎在我國(guó)滅絕的危險(xiǎn)不容忽視。(ignore)

The danger that tigers may be extinct in our country can’t be ignored.●動(dòng)物生長(zhǎng)的自然環(huán)境一直在惡化。

The natural evrironments in which animals live has been worsening.●狩獵者狩獵往往出于個(gè)人目的，沒(méi)有考慮大家的生存環(huán)境。

Hunters hunt for their own purpose, regardless of the public living environment.●如果沒(méi)有自然保護(hù)區(qū)，很有可能更多的動(dòng)物將要滅絕。

There is every likelihood that more animals would be made extinct without natural reserves.●自然環(huán)境正在急劇變化的例子不勝枚舉。

Countless examples can be given to show that natural environments are being rapidly changed.●創(chuàng)建野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)是保護(hù)動(dòng)物的另一有效措施。

To create the wildlife reserves is another effective way to protect animals.Unit 20

●這些商品的價(jià)格從幾美元到數(shù)百美元不等。(range from)

The prices of the goods range from several dollars to hundreds of dollars.●除了你要的蘋(píng)果之外，我還給你買(mǎi)了些橘子。(in addition to)I bought some oranges for you in addition to the apples you want.●他的外國(guó)朋友已經(jīng)習(xí)慣在中國(guó)的生活了。(become used to)His foreign friend has become used to the life in China.●美國(guó)人用餐時(shí)先喝湯，最后吃水果。(end up with)At meals, Americans start with soup and end up with fruits.●房子外面有一個(gè)陌生人。我已經(jīng)注意他好一會(huì)兒了。(keep an eye on?)

Outside the house is a stranger.I have kept an eye on him for a while.●請(qǐng)帶把傘以防下雨。(in case)

Please take an umbrella in case it rains.●你能容忍這種騙局嗎？(tolerate 或tolerant of)

Can you tolerate such a fraud？或Are you tolerant of such a fraud?●莊稼正受到持續(xù)干旱天氣的威脅。(threaten)The crops are being threatened by a long drought.●公司以切斷供水來(lái)威脅居民。(threaten)

The company threatened the residents with cutting off water supply.●他不在乎價(jià)格，只要質(zhì)量最好就行。(care about, so long as)He doesn't care about the price so long as the quality is good.●這是不是意味著我們社會(huì)的大多數(shù)人都必須進(jìn)監(jiān)獄？

Does that mean most members of our society should go to jail? ●現(xiàn)實(shí)生活比電視里描述的復(fù)雜得多。

Real life is much more complex than the description on the TV.●盡管有些行為沒(méi)有傷害他人，但是傷害了我們的社會(huì)。

Although some behavious don't hurt anyone,they hurt our society.●警察決不可能監(jiān)視每一個(gè)公民，但每一個(gè)公民應(yīng)該自覺(jué)遵守法律。The police would never be able to keep an eye on everyone,but everyone should respect the law consciously.●誠(chéng)實(shí)來(lái)自于社會(huì)壓力，同時(shí)有利于社會(huì)安定。

Honesty comes from social pressure,and it keeps the stability of the society at the same time.Unit 21

●我們的戰(zhàn)士知道如何牽制敵人。(pin down)Our soldiers know how to pin down the enemy.●他常將自己和班上的其他同學(xué)相比較。(compare?with)He often compares himself with the others in his class.●與其說(shuō)他是個(gè)歌手，倒不如說(shuō)他是個(gè)做曲家。(not so much?as)He is not so much a singer as a composer.●經(jīng)理不在時(shí)，誰(shuí)來(lái)代替他？(in place of)

Who will be in place of the manager when he is away?

●在兩小時(shí)內(nèi)把試卷做完對(duì)湯姆來(lái)說(shuō)是辦不到的。(It is out of the question for?to)

It is out of the question for Tom to finish the test paper in two hours.●我們的日常用語(yǔ)中有相當(dāng)一部分是不確定詞。

A number of imprecise words are in our everyday speech.●“幾個(gè)”在不同的場(chǎng)合有不同的含義。

The word “several” denotes different meanings in different occasions.●年齡也影響人們對(duì)不確定詞含義的理解。

The understanding of imprecise words is also affected by age.●實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，比例隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而有規(guī)律地增加。

The experiment shows that the ration increase systematically with age.●胖瘦高矮同樣是不確定詞。

Words like fat, thin, tall, and short are also the words of uncertainty.Unit 22

●他留出半個(gè)小時(shí)讓我們提問(wèn)題。(set aside)He set aside half an hour for us to ask questions.●進(jìn)一步的研究使我們確信這個(gè)結(jié)果是正確的。(assure?that?)Further study assured us that the result was correct.●這位著名的作家正忙著寫(xiě)一部小說(shuō)。(be engaged in)The famous writer is engaged in writing a novel.●這場(chǎng)水災(zāi)是那場(chǎng)大雨引起的。(reason for)The heavy rain is the reason for the flood.●這個(gè)年輕人有能力找到解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的正確方法。(capable of, approach to)

The young man is capable of finding a right approach to the problem.●有人認(rèn)為體育鍛煉完全是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

Some people think that the fitness programs are totally a waste of time.●我知道鍛煉很重要，可是我沒(méi)有鍛煉設(shè)施，家人也不支持我。I know exercise is very important,but I have no facilities and I don't get any support from my family.●最佳的身體狀況可以增強(qiáng)你對(duì)事業(yè)的信心。

Top physical condition may increase your confidence in your career.●盡管身體健康不一定保證你長(zhǎng)壽，但有助于你享受生活。

Although physical fitness will not guarantee that you will live longer,it can help you enjoy your life.●不管贊成還是反對(duì)，參加體育鍛煉有益于健康。

Pro or con;a fitness program is helpful to your health.Unit 23

●他因缺錢(qián)而窘困。(embarrass)He is embarrassed for lake of money.●他對(duì)這個(gè)消息有什么反應(yīng)？(reaction)What is his reaction to the news?

●在解放軍戰(zhàn)士的幫助下，火勢(shì)很快就被控制住了。(bring under control)

With the help of the PLA men, the fire was soon brought under control.●他的講話贏得了聽(tīng)眾的贊許。(approval)His speech won the listeners’ approval.●不要亂動(dòng)我的錄音機(jī)。(fiddle with)Don't fiddle with my radio.●一個(gè)人的好惡可隨環(huán)境變化。(likes and dislikes)One's likes and dislikes may change with the environment.●他對(duì)她缺乏耐心表示不滿(mǎn)。(frown at)He frowned at her lack of patience.●身體語(yǔ)言不用詞語(yǔ)表達(dá)。

Body language does not use words to express.●無(wú)論是西方人還是東方人，對(duì)某些身體語(yǔ)言都有同樣的理解。Both Easterners and Westerners have the same understanding of a certain of body language signals.●身體語(yǔ)言與文化緊密相連。

Body language is closely connected with culture.●在交流中，對(duì)手勢(shì)或表情的含義的誤解往往會(huì)引起尷尬。

Misunderstanding of gestures and facial expressions may cause embarrassment in communication.●在許多國(guó)家，點(diǎn)頭表示贊成，搖頭表示反對(duì)。

In many countries, nodding indicates approval and shaking the head means disapproval.Unit 24

●我們應(yīng)當(dāng)加倍努力，以加速社會(huì)主義建設(shè)。(double, speed up)We should double our efforts to speed up the socialist construction.● 該國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的訪問(wèn)非常有助于兩國(guó)的相互了解。(contribute to)The visit of the country's leader contributed much to the mutual understanding between the two countries.●由于雙方?jīng)]有達(dá)成協(xié)議，會(huì)談只得被取消。(cancel)

The talk had to be canceled because both sides reached no agreement.●在危險(xiǎn)面前，他們表現(xiàn)出極大的勇氣。(in the face of)In the face of danger, they showed great courage.●最后的但并不是最不重要的一點(diǎn)，我們必須找到和平解決問(wèn)題的方法。(Last but not least, solution to)

Last but not least, we must find a peaceful solution to the problem.●他的成功不是靠運(yùn)氣，而是靠能力。(owe to)His success doesn’t owe to luck but to his ability.●很多英語(yǔ)詞源自法語(yǔ)。(derive from)Many English words derive from French.●兩千多種熱帶雨林植物對(duì)治癌有益。

More than 2,000 rainforest plants that can be beneficial in curing cancer.●大量熱帶雨林植物的毀滅必然破壞生態(tài)平衡。

Destruction of large areas of rainforests will undermine the ecological balance.●地處熱帶雨林的國(guó)家大都貧窮，人口過(guò)剩。

Most countries in which the rainforests are located are quite poor and overpopulated.●解決這一問(wèn)題的一種辦法是取消他們的國(guó)際債務(wù)。

One solution to this problem would be to cancel their international debts.●富裕國(guó)家應(yīng)盡量使用再生紙，以減少對(duì)木材的需求。

Rich countries should use more recycled papre to reduce the demand for wood.Unit 25

●誠(chéng)實(shí)是兒童的特點(diǎn)。(characteristic of)Honesty is characteristic of children.●父親不同意女兒嫁給那個(gè)貧窮的小伙子。(disapprove of)The father disapproved of his daughter marrying that poor guy.●需要是發(fā)明之母。(necessity)Necessity is the mother of invention.●史密斯回故鄉(xiāng)，除了做其它事以外，是為了看看他的母親。(among other things)

Smith went back to his hometown, among other things, to see his mother.●他們一點(diǎn)也不理解這條原理。(not in the least)They didn't understand the principle in the least.●關(guān)于價(jià)格，我們認(rèn)為它太高了。(with regard to)With regard to the price, we think it is too high.●愛(ài)哭往往被認(rèn)為是女性的特征。

Crying is usually considered characteristic of the female.●男人不哭并不是說(shuō)他們不會(huì)哭。

Men don't cry, but it's not that they are unable to cry.●在整個(gè)生機(jī)勃勃的自然界，只有人類(lèi)哭泣時(shí)會(huì)流淚。

In the whole animated nature,only the human species shed tears when they cry.●不一定想哭就必須哭，但必須想哭時(shí)應(yīng)該能哭。

It is unnecessary to cry whenever one wants to cry, but one should be able to cry when one ought to cry.●從小訓(xùn)練男孩不哭并不可取。

It is not good to train boys not to cry when they are small.語(yǔ)法

一、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：write(s)；一般過(guò)去時(shí)：wrote；一般將來(lái)時(shí)：shall/will write；過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：should/would write；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are writing；過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were writing；將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：shall/will be writing；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has written；過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had written；將來(lái)完成時(shí)：shall/will have written；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：have/has been writing；過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：had been writing。

二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：is/am/are given；一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were given；一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will/shall be given；一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：would/should be given；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：is/am/are being given；過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were being given；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：has/have been given；過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had been given。

三、構(gòu)詞法

構(gòu)成名詞常用后綴：er,or,ist,ee,ian,ese,ant等用于構(gòu)成表示人或物的名稱(chēng)；ance,ence,tion,ics,ing,ity,ment,ness,th,th,ure,ship等用于構(gòu)成表示行為、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等的抽象名詞 構(gòu)成形容詞常用后綴：

able,ible,al,ful,less,ish,ive,ous,an,ic,ly,y,ant,ent,ary,en等 構(gòu)成副詞常用后綴：ly，ward，wise等 構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞常用后綴：ise(ize)，en，ify等

表示相反意義前綴：un，dis，in，im，ir，il，de等

表示其他意思前綴：re(重新)，mis(錯(cuò)誤地)，anti（反、防），ex(前)，pre(預(yù)先)，post(后的)，fore(先的)，self(自我的、自動(dòng)的)，super(超級(jí)、上層)，sub(下面的)，inter(之間的、互相)，trans(跨越、移)，ultra(外、極)，semi(半)，vice(副)，uni(單)，bi(雙)，multi(多)，auto(自)。

四、不定式

1、有些及物動(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)：

want,like,wish,hate,hope,continue,manage,try,offer,start,begin,forget,promise,mean,pretend,intend,decide,learn,desire,agree,care,choose,expect,refuse,fail,plan等。

2、有些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后常有不定式作賓補(bǔ)：ask，tell，invite，force，get，allow，wish，want，like，hate，help，leave，expect，prefer，encourage，advise，persuade，permit，remind，request，order，warn，mean，cause等。

3、有些及物動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中作賓補(bǔ)的不定式不帶to：mak，let，see，hear，watch，notice，feel等。

五、分詞

1、動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可以作主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)：在表示比較抽象的一般行為時(shí)多用動(dòng)名詞，表示具體某次動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用不定式。

2、以下及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：avoid，finish，suggest，stop，mind，enjoy，require，postpone，delay,practice，excuse，risk，consider，miss，imagine，deny，escape，put off，give up，keep on，can’t help等。

第二篇：翻譯練習(xí)+答案

翻譯練習(xí)

1．我們必須不斷學(xué)習(xí)，這樣才能與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。(so that)

2．意大利足球隊(duì)非常強(qiáng)調(diào)團(tuán)隊(duì)精神，這是他們贏得世界杯的關(guān)鍵。(1ay emphasis on)

3．她不聲不響離家出走，使她的父母心煩意亂。(without)

4．小男孩對(duì)展覽會(huì)上的那輛汽車(chē)很著迷。(fascinate)

5．使劉翔迷們感到興奮的是，劉翔在瑞士洛桑創(chuàng)造了12秒88的男子110米欄的世界紀(jì)錄。(To?)

1.We should/ must continue to learn more so that we can keep pace/up with the development of times.2.The Italian Football Team laid great emphasis on team spirit, which was the key to winning the World Cup.3.Her leaving home without saying a word upset her parents.4.The little boy was fascinated by the car on the exhibition.5.To his fan’s excitement, Liu Xiang set a new world record of 12.88 seconds in the men’s 110-metre hurdles in Lausanne, Switzerland.我最后一次看見(jiàn)杰克的時(shí)候，他一個(gè)人在街上走。(The last time)

7．幾乎每一個(gè)人都承認(rèn)犯罪不可能被徹底消滅。(the fact，wipe out)

8．如果公眾失去了對(duì)這家公司的信任，那么他們的銷(xiāo)售會(huì)下降得很快。(1ost trust)

9．給我印象最深的是磁懸浮列車(chē)的速度是多么的快啊。(impress，magnetic suspension train)

10．我爸爸不愿用新手機(jī)來(lái)替換他那只磨損不堪的老手機(jī)。(substitute)

6.The last time I saw Jack, he was walking down the street alone.7.Almost everyone accepts the fact that crime can never be wiped put entirely.8.If the public lose trust in the company, sales will fall sharply.9.What impressed me most is how fast the speed of a magnetic suspension train is.10.My father isn’t willing to substitute the new cell phone for his worn-out one.11．盡管天氣很寒冷，學(xué)生們還是在6點(diǎn)正準(zhǔn)時(shí)出操。(Despite)

12．每個(gè)人，不管是年輕人還是老年人都應(yīng)銘記“驕者必?cái)　薄?keep)

13．雖然他們是好朋友，但他不愿意幫助修理電腦。(reluctant)

14．那位臉色蒼白的婦女站在大樓頂上，這使在場(chǎng)的人都很擔(dān)心。(at the top of)

15．他必定是這次競(jìng)賽中最可能獲獎(jiǎng)的學(xué)生。(likely)

11.Despite the cold weather, the students did morning exercises at 6 o’clock sharp.12.Everyone, young or old, must keep in mind that pride goes before a fall.13.Though they are close friends, he is reluctant to help fix the computer.14.At the top of the building stood a woman whose face was pale, which frightened everyone on the scene.15.He is sure to be the most likely student to win the prize in the competition.16在我陷于困境時(shí)，對(duì)于你的幫助我表示萬(wàn)分感激。(grateful)

17．這所學(xué)校在藝術(shù)教育方面建立了很好的聲譽(yù)。(reputation)

18．她放棄了這次機(jī)會(huì)僅僅是因?yàn)槿鄙僮銐虻腻X(qián)。(1ack)

19．這個(gè)到2009年末完成的項(xiàng)目將使我們?cè)诎雮€(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)就能到達(dá)杭州。(不定式)

20．那男孩是如此的調(diào)皮，他奶奶對(duì)他束手無(wú)策。(so?that)

16.I’m deeply grateful to you for your help, when I was in trouble.17.The school has built up a good reputation in art education.18.She gave up the chance merely because of her lacking enough money.19.The project to be accomplished by the end of 2009 will enable us to reach Hangzhou in 30 minutes.20.The boy was so naughty that his grandmother didn’t know how to deal with him.21．你說(shuō)的也就是我所想的。(what)

22．不管他父親是否同意，他將選擇教師作為他的職業(yè)。(whether)

23．根據(jù)他提供的線索，警察很快抓到了逃犯。(according)

24．當(dāng)你們到達(dá)那里時(shí)，你們會(huì)知道他發(fā)生了什么事。(the moment)

25．不要把今天的事留到明天做。(名詞性從句)

39.may just as well stay at home

40.stain the new carpet

41.didn??t do anything

42.play indispensable roles

43.Even so

44.are being developed

45.remembering all my life

46.lose contact with

47.second only to

48.such fine weather

49.have never resorted to

50.not to speak of/not to mention/let alone going abroad

51.delaying making

52.should adapt himself to

53.to hearing your story again

54.is now being turned

55.Could you take a blank sheet of paper?

第三篇：“王顧左右而言他”復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)題目答案

《王顧左右而言他》復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)

一、注釋?zhuān)?.有托其妻子于其友而之楚游者 _________ ___________ __________2.比其反也 ______________ ____________3.則凍餒其妻子 ___________4.棄之 ______________5.士師不能治士 _____________6.王顧左右而言他 ________ __________

二、翻譯句子：1.王之臣，有托其妻子于其友而之楚游者。____________________________________________________________________

2、王顧左右而言他。_____________________________________________________________________

3、比其反也，則凍餒其妻子，則如之何？

4、士師不能治士，則如之何？

5、四境之內(nèi)不治，則如之何？

三、文章理解：1.王為何“顧左右而言他”？_____________________________________________________________________2.孟子這么說(shuō)的目的是什么？_____________________________________________________________________ 3.你認(rèn)為孟子達(dá)到目的了嗎？為什么？

4、面對(duì)孟子第三次發(fā)問(wèn)，齊宣王為何“顧左右而言他”？

5、用自己的話說(shuō)說(shuō)“顧左右而言他”的含義：

6、文中“王顧左右而言他”的原因是什么？

7、孟子提出了三個(gè)問(wèn)題，分別從、、三個(gè)角度設(shè)問(wèn)，從中可以看出孟子是一個(gè) 的人。

8、齊宣王在回答孟子問(wèn)題時(shí)，前后的變化是

.變化原因是

9、孟子發(fā)議論先從替朋友照料家眷的事說(shuō)起，這種先從具體事例來(lái)說(shuō)理的好處是：

10、本文用了 的手法，前面提及的兩件事他們的共同特點(diǎn)是 答案：

1、托付；妻子和孩子；到。。去。（前往）

2、等到；同“返”返回。

3、使??受凍挨餓。

4、拋棄（斷交）

5、治理

6、回頭看，環(huán)顧；身邊的人（周?chē)拇蟪迹?/p>

1、大王的臣子中，有個(gè)人將他的妻子兒女托付給他的朋友后到楚國(guó)去游歷。

2、君環(huán)顧身邊的大臣，說(shuō)其他的事情了。

3、他回來(lái)，卻（發(fā)現(xiàn)）他的妻子子女在受凍挨餓，那么，對(duì)這樣的朋友該怎么辦？

4、假如管理刑法的長(zhǎng)官不能管理他的下屬，那么該怎么辦？

5、假如一個(gè)國(guó)家治理得很不好，那么該怎么辦？ 文章理解：1.面對(duì)孟子的層層進(jìn)逼，作為獨(dú)斷專(zhuān)行的一國(guó)之君齊宣王無(wú)力招架，又不愿輕易放棄自己的權(quán)利，所以只能扯開(kāi)話題，應(yīng)急緩解了尷尬。2.孟子運(yùn)用類(lèi)比推理的方法，勸誡統(tǒng)治者要盡職盡責(zé)，治理好國(guó)家。3.孟子在辯論上是贏了，但是他的目的卻沒(méi)有達(dá)到。從“王顧左右而言他”一句可以看出齊王根本沒(méi)有采納孟子的建議。

4、齊宣王沒(méi)有把國(guó)家治理好，他應(yīng)該承擔(dān)責(zé)任。所以，他不敢也不愿回答孟子的問(wèn)題，只好轉(zhuǎn)移話題。

5、指離開(kāi)話題，回避難以答復(fù)的問(wèn)題。

6、齊宣王知道自己的短處被揭，無(wú)言以對(duì)。

7、朋友的委托、士師管理下屬、國(guó)君治理國(guó)家；善于設(shè)問(wèn)，敢于批評(píng)時(shí)政的人

8、前面回答非常干脆，似不加思考，回答第三個(gè)問(wèn)題時(shí)采取避而不答的對(duì)策，并轉(zhuǎn)移話題。；變化原因是因?yàn)槊靼酌献訂?wèn)題是針對(duì)自己而來(lái)的，所以轉(zhuǎn)移了話題，不作回答。

9、好處是：能夠讓讀者直觀地了解，并通過(guò)具體地事例明了作者的觀點(diǎn)。

第四篇：CET46 翻譯練習(xí)1答案

孔子（Confucius）是春秋時(shí)期（the Spring and Autumn Period）的大思想家、大教育家和儒 家學(xué)派（Confucianism）的創(chuàng)始人，是古代中國(guó)人心目中的圣人。孔子的言論和生平活動(dòng)記 錄在由他的弟子或再傳弟子編成的《論語(yǔ)》（The Analects）一書(shū)中。《論語(yǔ)》是中國(guó)古代 文化的經(jīng)典著作。在孔子之后幾千年的中國(guó)歷史上，沒(méi)有哪一位思想家、文學(xué)家和政治家不 受《論語(yǔ)》的影響。不研究《論語(yǔ)》，就不能真正把握中國(guó)幾千年的傳統(tǒng)文化。

As a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism during the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius is a sage to the ancient Chinese people.His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects.As an enduring classic of Chinese culture, The

Analects has influenced all thinkers, writers and politicians in the thousand years’ Chinese history after Confucius.No scholar could truly understand this long-standing culture or the inner world of the ancient Chinese without this book.2

大約在兩千多年前，中國(guó)就出現(xiàn)了蠟染（wax printing）。在中國(guó)服飾中，蠟染是一種流傳 時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、流行范圍大、使用領(lǐng)域廣的服裝工藝。蠟染是在布匹著色的過(guò)程中，以蜂蠟（beeswax）作為防止染色的材料。蜂蠟干了之后，會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些裂紋，這些裂紋在染色過(guò)程中滲透進(jìn)靛藍(lán) 色，于是形成了如冰花式樣的美妙紋理。這樣自然天成的紋理可以說(shuō)是蠟染的靈魂所在。

Wax printing appeared in China about 2,000 years ago.Wax printing has long been a widespread technique used in the history of Chinese fashion.During the dyeing process, beeswax is applied to prevent some parts of the cloth form being dyed.When the beeswax dries, it develops cracks, which absorb indigo in the process of dyeing, thus forming the beautiful natural lines resembling breaking ice.These naturally formed lines represent the beauty and soul of wax printing.3

景泰藍(lán)（cloisonné）是馳名中外的傳統(tǒng)工藝，它集青銅藝術(shù)、瓷器和雕刻諸種工藝制作技巧 于一身，是一門(mén)地道的北京絕活。它是收藏家收藏的佳品，也是人們居家使用的精美物品。這項(xiàng)工藝始創(chuàng)于明代景泰年間，初創(chuàng)時(shí)的顏色主要是藍(lán)色，故得名“景泰藍(lán)”。到了成化年 間，景泰藍(lán)技術(shù)進(jìn)一步成熟，這個(gè)時(shí)期的作品沉穩(wěn)凝重又透明靈動(dòng)，而且銅胎也極為講究。

Cloisonné is a traditional art widely known in and outside China.It is a kind of superb local expertise form of Beijing, which combines the skills of bronze art, porcelain, carving and other types of folk arts.It is deemed valuable in the eyes of collectors, as well as refined ornaments for daily use.The making of cloisonné first appeared during the Jingtai reign of the Ming Dynasty, with the main colour used being blue, hence the name “Jingtai Blue” as it became known later on.By the time of the Chenghua reign, the techniques for making cloisonné were further developed, with products of this period looking heavy and dignified yet not lacking in eloquence or vividness.Moreover, its cast was always made of choice copper.4

西塘在浙江嘉興，位于上海和杭州之間。這個(gè)占地規(guī)模并不大的古鎮(zhèn)有著悠久的歷史，它初 建于春秋時(shí)期（the Spring and Autumn Period），位于吳國(guó)和越國(guó)的交界處。西塘的大致規(guī) 模在宋代之前就已經(jīng)形成，今所見(jiàn)西塘著名的橋梁望仙橋（Wangxian Bridge）就是宋代的 遺跡。在明清時(shí)期，西塘既是遠(yuǎn)近聞名的魚(yú)米之鄉(xiāng)，又是著名的絲綢制造之地，還以制陶業(yè)（ceramics）而享譽(yù)全國(guó)。

Xitang is located in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, between Shanghai and Hangzhou.Though small in size, this ancient town boasts a long history.It was first built during the Spring and Autumn Period, at the border between the states of Wu and Yue.The present layout had already taken shape before the Song Dynasty, and the famous Wangxian Bridge in Xitang is a legacy of the Song.By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Xitang had become a well-known trade centre for farm products, silks and ceramics, all produced in the surrounding areas and famous throughout the country.5

秧歌舞（Yangko dance）是中國(guó)漢族的一種傳統(tǒng)民間舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者 通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動(dòng)作迅速有力。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽(tīng)到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會(huì)蜂擁到街上觀看秧歌舞表演。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了秧歌隊(duì)，隊(duì)員常年通過(guò)跳舞來(lái)保持健康，同時(shí)他們也 樂(lè)在其中。

The Yangko dance is a traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in the northern provinces.Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and their

movements are vigorous and quick.During holidays, such as the lunar New Year and the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongs they swarm into the streets to watch Yangko dance performances, no matter how cold it is outside.In recent years, elderly people in some cities in Northeast China have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancers enjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round.6

中國(guó)的青銅器時(shí)代（Bronze Age）從夏開(kāi)始，經(jīng)歷商、西周到春秋時(shí)期（the Spring and Autumn Period），前后持續(xù)了一千五百多年的時(shí)間。大量出土的青銅器物表明，中國(guó)創(chuàng)造了燦爛的 青銅文明。這些青銅器物不僅有豐富的政治和宗教內(nèi)涵，而且還具有很高的藝術(shù)價(jià)值。今藏 于中國(guó)歷史博物館的大盂鼎（the Great Ding for Yu）是中國(guó)青銅器時(shí)代的代表性作品之一。它是西周康王（King Kang）時(shí)期的作品，距今大約有三千多年。

The Bronze Age in China lasted more than 1,500 years, from the Xia through the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties, to the Spring and Autumn Period.Large numbers of unearthed artifacts indicate a high level of ancient bronze civilization in the country.They feature rich political and religious themes, and are of high artistic value.A representative example is the Great Ding for Yu, which is now preserved in the Museum of Chinese History.It was cast about 3,000 years ago during the reign of King Kang of Western Zhou Dynasty.7

1911年，中國(guó)爆發(fā)了歷史上的第一次資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命——辛亥革命（the Revolution of 1911），它推翻了中國(guó)封建社會(huì)的最后一個(gè)朝代——清朝，廢除了中國(guó)延續(xù)了2000多年的封建帝制，建立了中國(guó)的第一個(gè)民主共和國(guó)——中華民國(guó)。民國(guó)政府成立以后，要求全國(guó)人民都剪掉頭 上的辮子（queues），選擇自己喜歡的發(fā)型。至此，在中國(guó)延續(xù)了280多年的辮子法令終于 被解除。

In 1911, the first bourgeois revolution in Chinese history — the Revolution of 1911 broke out.The last dynasty of the Chinese feudal society, Qing Dynasty, was over-thrown and the monarch system that had a history of more than 2,000 years was abolished.The Republic of China, the first democratic republic in China, was founded in 1912.After its foundation, the government of Republic of China had required the citizens to cut off their queues and make the haircut they liked.Since then, the wearing-queue order that had lasted for more than 280 years in China has been abolished.8

出現(xiàn)在中國(guó)五代時(shí)期的婦女纏足（foot-binding），雖然最初是宮廷舞女為了方便跳舞而采用 的一種行為，但由于有人認(rèn)為腳裹起來(lái)更好看，所有很多人就開(kāi)始效仿起來(lái)。到了宋代，封 建社會(huì)的綱常思想非常嚴(yán)重，受到男尊女卑的封建禮教的影響，女子裹腳的風(fēng)氣被傳承下來(lái)，并逐漸成為一種習(xí)俗。為了與婦女的小腳相適應(yīng)，宋代還出現(xiàn)了專(zhuān)門(mén)為裹足婦女制作的弓鞋（gongxie）。

The practice of foot-binding for women appeared in the Five Dynasties, but in the beginning, it was only adopted by the court dancers for convenience while dancing.Since people thought the foot-binding made women’s feet look more beautiful, many females rushed to follow suit.By the Song Dynasty, due to the importance of feudal ethical thoughts and influence of the feudal male superiority conception, the practice of foot-binding was inherited and became a custom.In the Song Dynasty, to meet the needs of women’s small feet, a kind of specially designed shoes gongxie was made.9

據(jù)中國(guó)古代史書(shū)記載，治水有功的大禹通過(guò)禪讓制接替舜成為部落聯(lián)盟首領(lǐng)。但大禹死后，他的兒子夏啟卻破壞禪讓的傳統(tǒng)，自立為國(guó)王，建立了中國(guó)歷史上第一個(gè)奴隸制國(guó)家——夏。從此，王位實(shí)行世襲制度，中國(guó)社會(huì)從此步入階級(jí)社會(huì)。夏代處在中國(guó)社會(huì)從原始社會(huì)向奴 隸社會(huì)過(guò)渡的時(shí)期，社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面依然保存著原始社會(huì)的種種痕跡。

According to the Chinese ancient documents, the legendary leader Shun abdicated and handed over his leadership to Da Yu who had made great contribution to controlling the flood of the

Yellow River of China.When Da Yu died, his son Xia Qi breached the tradition of demise system and set himself as the king.Xia, the first slavery nation in Chinese history, was founded.Since then, the hereditary system had been practiced.Thus, China stepped into a class society.The Xia Dynasty was a transition from primitive society to slave society.At that time, all aspects of social life still reserved traces of primitive society.10

北京烤鴨是自封建帝王時(shí)代就在北京城流行的著名菜肴，如今它被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)的一道國(guó)菜。這道菜以它薄而脆的酥皮，以及廚師們?cè)诳腿嗣媲捌喿拥恼鎸?shí)情形而著稱(chēng)。專(zhuān)門(mén)用于制作 烤鴨的鴨子在養(yǎng)殖65天后就被屠宰了，鴨子在烤制前要先用調(diào)料腌制（season），然后才送 進(jìn)燜爐或者掛爐。鴨肉通常配上蔥（scallion）、黃瓜和甜面醬，用薄餅卷著食用。

Peking duck is a famous duck dish that has been popular since the imperial era in Beijing, and is now considered a national dish of China.The dish is prized for the thin, crisp skin with authentic vision of the dish serving sliced in front of the diners by the cook.Ducks bred specially for the dish are slaughtered after 65 days and seasoned before being roasted in a closed or hung oven.The meat is usually eaten with pancakes, scallion, cucumbers and sweet bean sauce.11

秦始皇是中國(guó)歷史上一位很有作為的皇帝，他生前動(dòng)用了大量人力、物力為自己修造陵墓。秦陵兵馬俑（Terracotta Warriors and Horses）就是為陪葬這位皇帝而制作的陶兵和陶馬。秦 始皇陵兵馬俑被發(fā)現(xiàn)于1974年。三個(gè)兵馬俑坑（terracotta figurines pits）占地約20,000多平方米，8,000多個(gè)與真人真馬一般大小的陶俑陶馬，排列成整齊的方陣，再現(xiàn)了秦始皇統(tǒng)一 中國(guó)時(shí)兵強(qiáng)馬壯的雄偉軍陣。秦始皇陵兵馬俑被稱(chēng)作世界第八大奇跡。

The first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, known as Qing Shi Huang, made great achievements in Chinese history.While still alive, he mobilized huge manpower and used a great deal of materials to build his tomb.The Terracotta Warriors and Horses were made as burial objects to accompany the emperor in the after world.They were first discovered in 1974.Archaeologists had unearthed some 8,000 lifelike soldiers and horses from three terracotta figurines pits occupying about 20,000 square metres.Standing in formation, they indicate the powerful array of troops of Qin Shi Huang when he unified China.They are regarded as the eighth wonder of the world.12

筷子是廣泛適用于東亞各國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)餐具。筷子的歷史起源于中國(guó)古代，最早可以追溯到商代。筷子通常由竹子、塑料、木材或不銹鋼制成。第一雙筷子可能用于烹飪，撥火而不是作為飲 食器具。直到漢代，筷子才開(kāi)始用作餐具。直到明代，筷子才開(kāi)始被普遍使用于上菜或者吃 飯。然后它們被取名“筷子”，并擁有了今天的形狀。

Chopsticks are used as the traditional eating utensils of various East Asian countries.Chopsticks originated in ancient China and dates back to as early as the Shang Dynasty.They are commonly made of bamboo, plastic, wood or stainless steel.The first chopsticks were probably used for cooking, stirring the fire and not as eating utensils.Chopsticks began to be used as eating utensils during the Han Dynasty.It was not until the Ming Dynasty that chopsticks were widely used for both serving and eating.They then acquired the name kuaizi and the present shape.13

公元960年，宋朝建立，后統(tǒng)一了中國(guó)大部分地區(qū)。宋朝的統(tǒng)治者建立了有效的中央集權(quán)制； 廣泛任用民間的學(xué)術(shù)文人；地方的軍事官員及其黨羽都被中央任命的官員所替代。宋朝在城 市發(fā)展方面是非常顯著的，這不單指其在管理上的職能，而且還包括其作為貿(mào)易、工業(yè)和海 上貿(mào)易的中心的職能。在文化上，宋朝發(fā)展了歷史文獻(xiàn)、繪畫(huà)、書(shū)法及堅(jiān)硬光滑的瓷器等。

In 960, Song Dynasty was founded, and later it reunified most of China.The rulers of the Song Dynasty built an effective centralized bureaucracy staffed with civilian scholar-officials.Regional military governors and their supporters were replaced by centrally appointed officials.The Song Dynasty is notable for the development of cities not only for administrative purposes but also as centers of trade, industry and maritime commerce.Culturally, the Song refined historical writings, painting, calligraphy and hard-glazed porcelain, etc.14

中國(guó)科舉制度（Chinese Imperial Examination System）是指中國(guó)古代官僚機(jī)構(gòu)選拔行政官員 的考試制度。古代的中國(guó)人要想成為一位官員首先必須通過(guò)多種考試。科舉考試的歷史可以 追溯到隋朝，在唐朝得到進(jìn)一步鞏固和完善，在清朝走到了盡頭。科舉制度在中國(guó)已經(jīng)存在 了約1300年。它對(duì)中國(guó)古代的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)和政治體制有深刻的影響。即使是現(xiàn)代選拔公務(wù)員 的考試制度也是間接地從科舉制度演變而來(lái)的。

Chinese Imperial Examination System refers to an examination system of selecting the

administrative officials for the ancient Chinese bureaucracy.Ancient Chinese who wanted to be an official had to pass multiple of examinations first.Its history dates back to the Sui Dynasty.During the Tang Dynasty, the system had been further consolidated and perfected.The system came to an end during the Qing Dynasty.The Imperial Examination System has existed for about 1,300 years in China.It exerts deep influence on social structure and political system in ancient China.Even the modern examination system for selecting civil service staff also indirectly evolved from the imperial one.15

唐代文化是中國(guó)文化的一個(gè)高峰。尤其是古典詩(shī)歌到唐代發(fā)展到全盛時(shí)期。在唐代300余年 的歷史中，產(chǎn)生的流傳于后世的詩(shī)歌就有48,900多首。如此豐富的作品也使2,300多位詩(shī)人 在歷史上留下了他們的名字。唐詩(shī)在創(chuàng)作方法上，現(xiàn)實(shí)主義與浪漫主義并舉。唐代最著名的 詩(shī)人是李白和杜甫，他們都是具有世界聲譽(yù)的詩(shī)人，后人將他們合稱(chēng)為“李杜”。

The Tang Dynasty witnessed a peak in Chinese culture.Especially, ancient poetry flourished in the Tang Dynasty.In more than 300 years of the Tang Dynasty, some 48,900 poems were handed down and remain widely known today.So many works also made more than 2,300 poets famous in history.As far as the writing technique is concerned, the Tang poetry combined realism and romanticism.The best-known poets of the Tang Dynasty were Li Bai and Du Fu, who are very prestigious in the whole world and people of later generations called both of them as “Li Du” collaboratively.16

江蘇菜，又叫淮陽(yáng)菜，流行于長(zhǎng)江下流區(qū)域，以水產(chǎn)作為主要原料，注重原料的鮮味。其雕 刻技術(shù)十分珍貴，其中瓜雕（melon carving）尤其著名。烹飪技術(shù)包括燉、烤、焙、煨（simmering）等。江蘇菜的特色是淡、鮮、甜、雅。江蘇菜系以其精選的原料，精細(xì)的準(zhǔn)備，不辣不溫的 口感而出名。因?yàn)榻K氣候變化很大，江蘇菜系在一年之中也有變化。味道強(qiáng)而不重，淡而 不溫。

Jiangsu Cuisine, also called Huaiyang Cuisine, is popular in the lower reach region of the Yangtze River.Aquatics as the main ingredients, it stresses the freshness of materials.Its carving

techniques are delicate, of which the melon carving technique is especially well-known.Cooking techniques consist of stewing, roasting, baking and simmering, etc.The flavor of Huaiyang

Cuisine is light, fresh and sweet and with delicate elegance.Jiangsu Cuisine is well-known for its careful selection of ingredients, its meticulous preparation, and its “not-too-spicy, not-too-bland” taste.Since the climate varies considerably in Jiangsu, the cuisine also varies throughout the year.The flavor is strong but not too heavy;light but not too bland.17

王安石，北宋宰相、政治家、文學(xué)家、江西臨川人。1042年，王安石考中進(jìn)士，踏上了仕 途，從此積極投身于改革大業(yè)。他曾給宋仁宗寫(xiě)了一封萬(wàn)字的諫書(shū)（remonstrance），主張 朝廷全面改革法度，卻沒(méi)有得到重視。直到宋神宗時(shí)，王安石才得以有計(jì)劃制定新的法度，大刀闊斧地展開(kāi)以富國(guó)強(qiáng)兵為目的的變法運(yùn)動(dòng)。這就是中國(guó)歷史上著名的“王安石變法”。

Born in Linchuan, Jiangxi province, Wang Anshi was a statesman, poet and prose writer in the Song Dynasty.In 1042, Wang Anshi outstood others in the feudal exam and became a Jinshi，marking his first step in his political career and the beginning of his commitment to the reform.He once wrote a remonstrance of ten thousand characters to Emperor Renzong, advocating an all-out reform of the feudal laws and systems.The letter, however, was neglected.It was not until the reign of Emperor Shenzong that he finally got the opportunity to carry out the reform aimed to strengthen the country’s power.This is the famous “Wang Anshi’s Reform” in the Chinese history.18 秦腔（Qingqiang Opera）起源于唐、宋年間的陜西農(nóng)村，經(jīng)明、清兩代的發(fā)展，演變成現(xiàn)在 以“直起直落，慷慨激昂，蕩氣回腸”為主要特征的表現(xiàn)形式。在陜西境內(nèi)，根據(jù)不同語(yǔ)言 特色和生活習(xí)慣，秦腔又分為東、中、西、南四路。西安秦腔吸取東、西兩路秦腔的長(zhǎng)處和 京劇等外來(lái)劇種的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，既有高亢激昂、粗獷豪放的風(fēng)格，又有柔和清麗、精致細(xì)膩的格調(diào)。

Qinqiang Opera originated in the Tang and Song dynasties from the rural areas of the ancient Shaanxi in China and took shape in the Ming and Qing dynasties.Now this folk opera is featured by melodies that do not have many changes yet sound impassioned and soul-stirring.Since the dialects and living habits vary from place to place within Shaanxi province, Qinqiang opera is classified into four schools: the eastern school, the central school, the western school and the southern school.Qinqiang opera performed in Xi’an has absorbed the merits of the eastern and western schools as well as those of other operas such as Peking opera.Thus it sounds loud and rough sometimes, soft and gentle at other times.19

根據(jù)中國(guó)的陰陽(yáng)五行學(xué)說(shuō)，世界上所有的事物都是由金、木、水、火、土五種元素構(gòu)成，這 五種元素相生相克，白色代表金，綠色代表木，黑色代表水，紅色代表火，黃色則代表土。中國(guó)社會(huì)發(fā)展到漢代以后，黃色開(kāi)始被人所接受，并認(rèn)為是最尊貴的顏色。唐代以后，服飾 制度規(guī)定只準(zhǔn)皇室穿黃色的服飾，其他人一概不允許。

According to the Chinese thought of yin, yang and the five elements(metal, wood, water, fire and earth), all things in the universe consist of the five elements;there is a phenomenon of mutual promotion and restraint among the five elements.The white stands for metal, the blue for wood, the black for water, the red for fire and the yellow for earth.Since the Han Dynasty in Chinese history, the yellow had been accepted by all people and regarded as the most distinguished colour.By the Tang Dynasty, the clothing system stipulated that all the people were prohibited from wearing yellow clothes except the royal family.20

張擇端是北宋時(shí)期的一位宮廷畫(huà)師，擁有大量杰出作品，但最著名的應(yīng)當(dāng)是被后人稱(chēng)為“神 品”的《清明上河圖》（A River Scene at Qingming Festival）。它是一部寫(xiě)實(shí)主義的精品，以當(dāng)時(shí)開(kāi)封城的景象為題材繪制而成。圖中人物多達(dá)500余人，真實(shí)地再現(xiàn)了當(dāng)時(shí)開(kāi)封清明 時(shí)節(jié)的盛況。全圖結(jié)構(gòu)完整，描繪準(zhǔn)確，被傳為稀世珍品。《清明上河圖》將那個(gè)時(shí)代的繪 畫(huà)藝術(shù)推向了頂峰。

Zhang Zeduan is a royal painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, he left many outstanding works, but the most renowned one is A River Scene at Qingming Festival.With various scenes in Kaifeng

as raw materials, the painting paints more than 500 people and thus is a lively portrayal of Kaifeng on the day of Qingming Festival.So complete in organisation and so vivid in painting, A River Scene at Qingming Festival is deemed as the peak of painting at that time.21

清朝是中國(guó)的最后一個(gè)封建王朝。它由滿(mǎn)族人（Manchus）建立，是中國(guó)歷史上第二個(gè)由非 漢族人創(chuàng)建的統(tǒng)一王朝。滿(mǎn)族人以前也被稱(chēng)為女真（Jurchen），他們居住在明朝境內(nèi)東北 部、長(zhǎng)城關(guān)外。在努爾哈赤（Nurhaci）統(tǒng)一女真各部落并建立了一個(gè)獨(dú)立的部落之后，他 們成為了明朝晚期的主要威脅。滿(mǎn)族人聯(lián)合明朝的將軍吳三桂打下了北京，并將其作為清朝 的首都。在這之后他們繼續(xù)南下剿滅（subdue）明朝的殘余反抗勢(shì)力。在滿(mǎn)族征戰(zhàn)中國(guó)的過(guò) 程（1618—1683）中，總共造成了2500萬(wàn)人喪生。

The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China.Founded by the Manchus, it was the second non-Han Chinese dynasty that ruled the whole country.The Manchus were formerly known as Jurchen, residing in the northeastern part of the Ming territory outside the Great Wall.They emerged as the major threat to the late Ming Dynasty after Nurhaci had united all Jurchen tribes and established an independent one.The Manchu allied with the Ming Dynasty general Wu Sangui to seize Beijing, which was made the capital of the Qing Dynasty, and then proceeded to subdue the remaining Ming’s resistance in the south.22

明朝是中國(guó)歷史上最后一個(gè)由漢族建立的王朝，歷經(jīng)十二世、十六位皇帝，國(guó)祚276年。明 朝初期明太祖朱元璋定都于南京市。1421年由明成祖朱棣遷都至北京市。明朝是繼漢唐盛 世后又一個(gè)興盛的中原王朝，也曾是手工業(yè)、經(jīng)濟(jì)最繁榮的國(guó)家之一。《明史》（The History of Ming）認(rèn)為洪武、永樂(lè)在位時(shí)期，“治隆唐宋”、“遠(yuǎn)邁漢唐”。明朝時(shí)期，無(wú)漢唐之 和親，無(wú)兩宋之歲幣，天子御國(guó)門(mén)，君主死社稷，為后世子孫所敬仰。

The Ming Dynasty is the last dynasty established by the Han Chinese in Chinese history.It had 16 emperors of 12 generations in its 276 years.Zhu Yuanzhang, founder of the Ming Dynasty, set its capital in Nanjing in the early years.Emperor Zhudi moved its capital to Beijing in 1421.The Ming Dynasty is a follow-up to the prosperous Han and Tang dynasties, when the handicraft industry and economy flourished.The History of Ming suggests that during the reign of Emperor Hongwu and Yongle, the Ming Dynasty was much more developed than the Han, the Tang and the Song dynasties.The Ming Dynasty was never forced to establish marital relationships with neighboring kingdoms like Tang Dynasty, neither did it pay any tribute like the Song did.Emperors in the Ming Dynasty all dedicated to its country and are respected by their descendants.23

年畫(huà)（New Year Painting）是中國(guó)畫(huà)的一種，始于古代的門(mén)神畫(huà)（door god painting），在清 朝光緒年間正式被稱(chēng)為年畫(huà)。北宋年間，每逢過(guò)年過(guò)節(jié)家家戶(hù)戶(hù)貼年畫(huà)已成為一種風(fēng)尚。木 板年畫(huà)歷史悠久，堪稱(chēng)中國(guó)民間藝術(shù)寶庫(kù)中的一顆明珠。木版年畫(huà)，顧名思義，就是用木板 印出來(lái)的年畫(huà)，不但具有極高的收藏價(jià)值，而且還極具觀賞性。朱仙鎮(zhèn)木板年畫(huà)和天津楊柳 青、山東濰坊、江蘇桃花塢年畫(huà)并稱(chēng)中國(guó)四大年畫(huà)。朱仙鎮(zhèn)木版年畫(huà)采用的是手工木刻制作，制作工藝非常地講究。

New Year Painting is a kind of Chinese painting originated from ancient door god painting.In the period of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, it was formally known as New Year Painting.In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was a trend to paste new year paintings on New Year festivals and other holidays.The wood panel new year painting has a long history.It can be called a pearl of the treasures of folk art in China.The wood panel new year paintings, as its name implies, are painted with wood panels.They not only have very high artistic value, but also are highly ornamental.Wood panel new year paintings in Zhuxian Town, together with new year painting in Yangliuqing of Tianjin, Weifang of Shandong and Taohuawu of Jiangsu are collectively known as the four famous new year paintings in China.Wood panel new year paintings in Zhuxian Town are made of hand-made wood and the production process is very demanding.24

在中國(guó)古代社會(huì)，官服是權(quán)力的象征，歷來(lái)受到統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的重視。因?yàn)槊鞒实坌罩欤?官員的官服是以大紅為主的（紫色從此不在官服中使用），且樣式近似唐代圓領(lǐng)服。最有特 色的是用“補(bǔ)子”（buzi）表示官員的品級(jí)。補(bǔ)子是一塊約40-50厘米的正方形絲綢材料，可織繡上不同的紋樣，然后被分別縫綴在官服的胸前和背后。文官的補(bǔ)子用飛禽，武官用走 獸，分成九個(gè)等級(jí)。平常穿的圓領(lǐng)袍衫則憑衣服長(zhǎng)短來(lái)區(qū)分身份，衣服長(zhǎng)的人地位高。

In ancient China, the official dress was a symbol of power, and was taken seriously by the ruling class of ages.In the Ming Dynasty, as the emperor’s family name was Zhu meaning red, the

official dress was mostly bright red;as a result, the colour purple was no longer used as the colour for the official dress during the period.The Ming official dress looked quite similar to the

round-neck dress in the Tang Dynasty.The “buzi” was the most special characteristic of the Ming official dress, which was used to show the grade of officials.The buzi was a piece of square silk about 40-50cm, which was embroidered with different flower patterns and then sewn to the front part and back part of the official dress.The buzi of the civilian was embroidered with the figure of fowls, and that of the military officer was embroidered with the figures of beasts, which was

divided into nine grades.The ordinary round-neck gowns and robes were distinguished according to the length of the dress.The longer the clothes the higher the position.25

孫權(quán)，字（courtesy name）仲謀，今浙江富陽(yáng)人。15歲時(shí)就開(kāi)始征戰(zhàn)沙場(chǎng)。他是一位善于 納賢的英杰，勇敢果斷，選拔官員的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是唯賢任能。他大膽任用了一批年輕有為的將領(lǐng)，從而幫助孫權(quán)成就了一代宏圖大業(yè)。孫權(quán)統(tǒng)治江東50年，對(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)建業(yè)和整個(gè)江南地區(qū)做出 了重大貢獻(xiàn)。他發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)，興修水利，疏浚（dredge）和擴(kuò)大了秦淮河水道。他還發(fā)展了航 海事業(yè)，派人到夷洲（今臺(tái)灣省），出使遼東半島（peninsula）及南海諸國(guó)，還為西域僧人 建造了金陵的第一座佛寺——建初寺。

Sun Quan, whose courtesy name is Zhongmou, was born in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province.Sun began to fight on the battlefield when he was only 15 years old.Later, when he became a leader, he was brave, decisive and impartial in appointing officials.As a result, a lot of young yet talented men were promoted to important position, which helped Sun a lot in building his kingdom.During his fifty years’ rule, Sun Quan contributed a lot to the development of Jianye(present Nanjing)and the south China as a whole by developing agriculture, building irrigation projects as well as dredging and widening the waterway of the Qinhuai River.What’s more, he helped to develop China’s navigation industry by sending off convoys to Yizhou(modern Taiwan Province)，Liaodong Peninsula and some island countries around South China Sea.Under his order, the first Buddhist temple which was named Jianchu Temple was built for monks from the Western Regions.26 祖沖之，429年生于建康（今南京），他從小就顯示出過(guò)人的才學(xué)。他最偉大的貢獻(xiàn)就是把 圓周率的數(shù)值精確計(jì)算到3.141,592,6和3.141,592,7之間。這個(gè)數(shù)值在當(dāng)時(shí)是世界上最精準(zhǔn) 的圓周率數(shù)值。直到大約一千年后，歐洲數(shù)學(xué)家才求得同樣的結(jié)果。由于祖沖之在計(jì)算圓周 率方面的重大貢獻(xiàn)，圓周率又被稱(chēng)為“祖率”。國(guó)際科學(xué)界還將月球上的一座環(huán)形山（lunar crater）命名為“祖沖之山”（Tsu Chung-chi）。國(guó)際行星中心還以他的名字命名了一顆小 行星（asteroid）。這些都是為了紀(jì)念這位偉大的科學(xué)巨匠。

Born in Jiankang(present Nanjing)in 429, Zu Chongzhi(Tsu Chung-chi)displayed unusual talent from his childhood.Based on others’ achievements, he calculated out that the precise value of π shall be between 3.141,592,6 and 3.141,592,7.This was the most precise approximation at that time and it was not until one thousand years later that a European mathematician came up with the same result.For all his great contribution, π is also called the Zu ratio in honor of Zu Chongzhi.What’s more, the international scientific circle named one lunar crater as “Tsu Chung-chi”.And the International Planet Centre named one asteroid after his name.All these efforts are done to commemorate this great scientist.27

編鐘（Bianzhong）是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的樂(lè)器，由青銅鑄成，它由不同的鐘依照大小排列。這些鐘 懸掛在一個(gè)巨大的木制鐘架上。這些編鐘曾被用作和弦樂(lè)器（polyphonic musical instruments），其中一些鐘的歷史可以追溯到2,000到3,000年前。迄今為止最重要的一套 編鐘在挖掘曾侯乙（Marquis Yi）的古墓時(shí)出土，它由65個(gè)大小編鐘組成，保存完好。曾 侯乙編鐘鑄造于兩千五百多年前的戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代（Warring States），制作精美，總重量達(dá)到兩千 五百多公斤，今天它仍然能夠演奏樂(lè)曲，在這世界文化史上也是極為罕見(jiàn)的。

Bianzhong is an ancient Chinese musical instrument consisting of a set of bronze bells which are placed by size and hung in an enormous wooden frame.These sets of chime bells were used as polyphonic musical instruments and some of these bells can be dated back to 2,000 to 3,000 years ago.Among the most important sets of Bianzhong discovered are a complete ceremonial set of 65 zhong bells, found in a near-perfect state of preservation during the excavation of the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng.Made in the Warring States about 2,500 years ago, the bells of Marquis Yi of Zeng which feature exquisite workmanship and have a total weight of over 2,500 kilograms can still be played today, which is rare even in the history of world culture.28

在英文中，“中國(guó)”與“瓷器”是一個(gè)詞，這說(shuō)明，很早的時(shí)期歐洲人就把中國(guó)與瓷器聯(lián)系 在一起的了。瓷器15世紀(jì)時(shí)就傳入歐洲，在中外交流中占有重要位置。德國(guó)卡塞爾郎德（Keisel Randy）博物館至今還藏有一件中國(guó)明代青瓷（blue-and-white）碗。歷史上，中國(guó) 和亞洲的其他國(guó)家以及歐洲國(guó)家的瓷器交易極為頻繁，而且數(shù)量巨大。據(jù)今人研究，在 1602-1682年間，僅荷蘭東印度公司（the Dutch East India Company）從中國(guó)販運(yùn)到歐洲的瓷 器就有一千六百多萬(wàn)件。瓷器以其優(yōu)雅精致的品質(zhì)，為中國(guó)贏得了好名聲。

In English, china has the same meaning as porcelain.This proves that Europeans have long known of China’s relation to porcelain.Porcelain found its way to Europe in the 15th century, occupying an important position in the exchanges between China and other countries.The Keisel Randy Museum in Germany houses a blue-and-white bowl dating back to the Ming Dynasty.Throughout history, China, along with other Asian countries, and Europe maintained a busy and vast trade in porcelain.From 1602 to 1682, the Dutch East India Company alone transported more than 16 million articles of porcelain from China to Europe.Porcelain earned a good reputation for China for its sophistication and elegance.29

中國(guó)人為什么要修長(zhǎng)城？在秦始皇時(shí)代，每二十個(gè)人中，就有一個(gè)人參與修建過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。中國(guó) 人經(jīng)歷了無(wú)數(shù)次毀滅性的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，他們深知，保護(hù)生靈的城墻總比掩埋尸體的壕溝（trench）好。修建長(zhǎng)城有說(shuō)不盡的艱辛，甚至不少人還因此付出了生命。但與慘烈的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)相比，人們 更愿意選擇前者。長(zhǎng)城在中國(guó)歷史上發(fā)揮的作用是巨大的。在冷兵器時(shí)代，長(zhǎng)城在軍事防御 上起到了不容置疑的作用，尤其在防御北方民族所謂的“馬背上的進(jìn)攻”方面，效果是明顯 的。

Why did the Chinese build the Great Wall? During the reign of the First Emperor of Qin, one out of every 20 people took part in the project.Suffering from the devastating damage of wars, people realized that building a wall to protect lives was better than burying the dead in trenches.Building walls was extremely hard labor, sometimes even at the cost of life itself.Compared with bloody wars, however, people would rather choose the former.The Great Wall played a significant role in history.It certainly served the purpose of military defense in the age of cold steel, especially in preventing attacks from northern peoples on horseback.30

圍棋（go）于四千多年前起源于中國(guó)，是一種重要的棋盤(pán)游戲，并在一千多年前就先后傳到 朝鮮半島（peninsula）和日本，為東北亞人們普遍喜愛(ài)。每年中、日、韓之間有多種圍棋比 賽，圍棋成為文化交流的工具。圍棋不僅是競(jìng)賽項(xiàng)目，也是一種游戲活動(dòng)，文人（literati）的案臺(tái)上常常備有圍棋。客人來(lái)了，除了有酒，還有圍棋。舊時(shí)，無(wú)論在農(nóng)村還是在市井，人們常常可以見(jiàn)到這樣的場(chǎng)面：兩個(gè)人在對(duì)弈，旁邊站著一大片觀棋的人，觀棋的人得到的 快樂(lè)絲毫不比下棋的人少。

Go is an important board game with origins in China from more than 4,000 years ago.It was introduced to the Korean peninsula and Japan over 1,000 years ago, and has since become a favorite pastime of many people there.Today, go still serves as a means of cultural exchange between the peoples of China, Japan and Korea, as they engage in numerous tournaments every year.Go is not only a competitive event but also a game of entertainment.The literati would usually have a set of go pieces on their desks.When a friend came around, both the host and the guest would enjoy a game of go, along with fine wine.In ancient countryside and towns, a pair of go players in an open space would often attract an attentive crowd, with the onlookers enjoying the game no less than the players.31

在中國(guó)，小孩子的抓周（one-year-old catch）儀式獨(dú)具風(fēng)格，在孩子的成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中，這個(gè)儀 式具有里程碑式的重要意義。抓周儀式在小孩滿(mǎn)一周歲的時(shí)候舉行，最早記載于北齊。小孩 子滿(mǎn)周歲的那天，在吃中午的長(zhǎng)壽面之前，家里的長(zhǎng)輩們會(huì)將書(shū)、筆、錢(qián)幣、首飾、玩具和 食物等擺出來(lái)，由大人將小孩抱過(guò)來(lái)，令其端坐，大人們不給予任何的引導(dǎo)或暗示，任孩子

任意挑選，并以此為依據(jù)來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)孩子可能存在的志趣和將要從事的職業(yè)以及發(fā)展，也寄寓了 長(zhǎng)輩們對(duì)孩子的美好期待。

In China, the one-year-old catch of a baby is of unique characteristic.The ceremony is of milestone-like significance in the growing process of a baby.The ceremony usually celebrates when the baby is one year old.The earliest historical record about one-year-old catch appeared during the Northern Qi Dynasty.On the day when a baby is one year old, the family of the baby will lay out books, pens, coins, jewelries, toys and foods, etc.The parents then put the baby in front of these articles and make him/her sit up.Nobody will give any instruction or cue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by himself/herself.According to the articles the baby catches, the family try to make predications about the baby’s potential interests, future career and development.The ceremony also represents that the elder place good wishes and hope on the baby.32

武則天是中國(guó)歷史上空前絕后的唯一一位女皇帝，她創(chuàng)造了中國(guó)歷史的奇跡。她是中國(guó)歷史 上杰出的政治家、軍事家，同時(shí)也是一位詩(shī)人。武則天出生于唐朝的大戶(hù)人家，她擁有蓋世 的美麗和絕頂?shù)穆斆鳎⑾矚g讀書(shū)。童年時(shí)曾隨父母游歷了名山大川，這培養(yǎng)了她的眼界和 才干。她14歲入宮，在經(jīng)歷了很多坎坷和磨難之后，終于當(dāng)上了皇后。690年，武則天改 國(guó)號(hào)（the title of the dynasty）唐為周，正式做了皇帝。她執(zhí)政期間，經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化繁榮發(fā)展，邊疆穩(wěn)固，人民生活幸福。

Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in Chinese history, created the miracle of Chinese history.She was an outstanding politician, strategist as well as a poet in Chinese history.Born in a wealthy family in Tang Dynasty, she was the most beautiful and intelligent of her time, and she also liked reading.She had visited famous mountains and great rivers with her parents when she was a child, which had broadened her horizon and developed her talents.She was sent to the palace when she was 14.After many difficulties and hardships, she became the empress finally.In 690, Wu Zetian changed the title of the dynasty Tang to Zhou, and became the emperor herself.During her reign, the economy and culture developed rapidly, the frontier got stable and people led a happy life.33 玉雕（jade carving）是中國(guó)最古老的雕刻品種之一。玉石歷來(lái)被人們當(dāng)作珍寶，在中國(guó)古代，玉被看作是美好品質(zhì)和君子風(fēng)范的象征。玉石加工雕琢成為精美的工藝品，稱(chēng)為玉雕。工藝 師在制作的過(guò)程中，根據(jù)不同玉料的天然顏色和自然形狀，經(jīng)過(guò)精心設(shè)計(jì)、反復(fù)琢磨，才能 把玉石雕制成精美的工藝品。玉雕的品種主要有人物、器具、鳥(niǎo)獸、花卉等大件作品，也有 別針（brooch）、戒指、印章等小件作品。中國(guó)的玉雕作品在世界上享有很好的聲譽(yù)。

Jade carving is one of the oldest carving arts in China.Jade was always treated as treasure.In ancient China, jade was regarded as a symbol of refinement and moral ethics.Jade carving refers to the process to carve a piece of jade into a fine article of art.A carving artist has to thoroughly examine a piece of jade, cudgel his brains to make a design according to its natural colors and shape, and turn it into an artistic work.Jade can be carved into human figures, containers, images of birds, animals, flowers as well as small things like brooches, rings or seals.Chinese jade carving works enjoy a high reputation in the world.34

生活在中國(guó)黃河中上游的黃土高原上（the Loess Plateau）的人們，利用那里的黃土層建造了 一種獨(dú)特的住宅——窯洞（cave-dwellings）。窯洞分為土窯、石窯、磚窯等幾種。土窯是 靠著山坡挖掘成的黃土窯洞，這種窯洞冬暖夏涼，保溫和隔音效果最好。石窯和磚窯是先用 石塊或磚砌成拱形洞，然后在上面蓋上厚厚的黃土，既堅(jiān)固又美觀。由于建造窯洞不需要鋼 材和水泥，所以窯洞的造價(jià)較低。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人們對(duì)窯洞的建造不斷改進(jìn)，黃土高原 上冬暖夏涼的窯洞越來(lái)越舒適美觀了。

People living in the Loess Plateau which lies in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River make use of the solid to build unique residences called cave-dwellings.These can be further

divided into earthen, rock-walled and brick-walled types.Earthen cave-dwellings are hollowed out of mountain slopes;they are warm in winter and cool in summer, and are also sound-proof.Stones or brick-walled cave-dwellings are usually built with stones or bricks first into arch-shaped house and then covered with a thick layer of earth.Since there is no need for steel and cement, the building cost is low.As society progresses, construction of carve-dwelling keeps improving, and today, such houses are more comfortable inside and more pleasant in appearance.35

轎子（sedan chair）是中國(guó)古代很重要的交通工具，主要由人來(lái)肩扛手抬。漢代的權(quán)貴（bigwig）們坐在由人像背包那樣背著的輕便竹椅中行進(jìn)。在北魏和南北朝時(shí)期，山水卷軸中出現(xiàn)了綁 在竹竿上的木制轎子。轎子在種類(lèi)上有官轎、民轎和喜轎等。轎子最重要的用途可能就是用 作喜轎了。傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)婚禮上，新娘子被雇來(lái)的人用轎子抬到婚禮現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。喜轎裝飾華麗、喜 慶（jubilant），通常這些轎子還裝飾有一個(gè)由紅色絲綢制成的簾子，用來(lái)防止新娘子的閨 容被旁觀者看見(jiàn)。

The sedan chair can be regarded as a crucial vehicle of ancient China.It mainly has the virtue of lifting with shoulders and hands.In Han Dynasty, the bigwigs travelled in light bamboo seats supported on a carrier’s back like a backpack.In the Northern Wei Dynasty and the North and South Song dynasties, wooden carriages on bamboo poles appeared in painted landscape scrolls.As for its kind, the sedan chair can be classified into three types: sedan chair for officials, the civilian and weddings.The chair with perhaps the greatest importance was the bridal chair.A

traditional bride is carried to her wedding ceremony by a “shoulder carriage”, usually hired.These were richly ornamented and jubilant, and were equipped with red silk curtains to screen the bride from onlookers.36

龍袍（imperial robe），從字面上理解就是繡（embroider）有龍形花紋的袍服，在中國(guó)古代 服飾文化史上占有重要地位。龍紋最早出現(xiàn)在周朝，當(dāng)時(shí)出現(xiàn)畫(huà)有龍紋的服裝，但沒(méi)有出現(xiàn) 真正意義上的龍袍。秦漢時(shí)期，上下相連的袍服出現(xiàn)，但袍服上仍沒(méi)有龍形的花紋。直到隋 唐時(shí)期冕服上才開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)龍紋，但是帝王平時(shí)穿用的常服上并沒(méi)有龍紋。只有到了元明時(shí)期，帝王袍服上繡有龍紋的現(xiàn)象才越來(lái)越多，自此也就出現(xiàn)了真正意義的龍袍。

Imperial robe literally means a robe that is embroidered with images of Chinese dragon, which played an important role in the history of Chinese ancient dress culture.The design of Chinese dragon appeared as early as in the Zhou Dynasty but the real imperial robe had not yet existed.By the Qin and Han dynasties, the robe with upper and lower parts as a whole was designed, but still no flower pattern of Chinese dragon on the robe.By the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the crown clothing that consisted of both upper clothes and lower skirt began to have the flower pattern of Chinese dragon.However, the ordinary dress worn by the emperor wasn’t embroidered with the flower pattern of Chinese dragon.Only by the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, imperial robe

embroidered with the flower pattern of Chinese dragon began to become more common and the real imperial robe came into being.37

西安作為十二朝古都，見(jiàn)證了歷史的榮辱興衰。歷史在這里留下的文物景觀和遺址不勝枚舉，如兵馬俑（Terracotta Warriors and Horses）、大雁塔（the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda）、華清 池等都是人類(lèi)文化藝術(shù)的瑰寶。大雁塔位于西安南郊，建于唐代，是唐朝太子李治為了追念 他的母親文德皇后而建立的，至今已經(jīng)有1000多年的歷史。大雁塔塔身由青磚砌成，結(jié)構(gòu) 堅(jiān)固，外觀簡(jiǎn)單又不失莊嚴(yán)，最初建立的時(shí)候只有5層，后來(lái)又經(jīng)過(guò)多次重修，現(xiàn)在的塔是 7層，高達(dá)64米。

As the capital of twelve dynasties, Xi’an had witnessed the rise and fall of history.There are numerous cultural relics and historical sites throughout the history.Among them are Terracotta Warriors and Horses, the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda and the Huaqing Pool, which are all precious treasures of humankind’s culture and art.Located in the south suburbs of Xi’an, the Giant Wild Pagoda was built by Li Zhi, a prince of the Tang Dynasty in memory of his mother Empress Wende and has stood there ever since for more than one thousand years.Simple yet solemn, the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda is of a firm structure built of grey brick.Originally built with only 5 stories, the Pagoda now measures 64 metres high with additional two stories after several repairs.38

中國(guó)人有在清明節(jié)掃墓祭祖和踏青插柳的習(xí)俗。每到清明節(jié)，家家戶(hù)戶(hù)都要到郊外去祭掃祖 先的墳?zāi)埂Ｈ藗優(yōu)閴災(zāi)钩ルs草，添加新土，在墳前點(diǎn)上香（incense），擺上食物和紙錢(qián)，表示對(duì)祖先的思念和敬意。清明時(shí)節(jié)，樹(shù)木發(fā)芽，到處一片新綠，呈現(xiàn)出生機(jī)盎然的景色。人們會(huì)到郊外呼吸新鮮空氣，觀賞藍(lán)天、綠樹(shù)、小草和鮮花，或者折根柳枝在戴在頭上，叫 做“插柳”。據(jù)說(shuō)，插柳可以驅(qū)除鬼怪和災(zāi)難，祈求平安幸福。

The Chinese people have the custom of sweeping the tombs, taking an outing and wearing a willow twig on the head on the Tomb-sweeping Day.When the Tomb-sweeping Day comes, every family will go to the country side to hold a memorial ceremony at their ancestors’ tombs.People get rid of any weeds growing around the tomb, add new earth, burn incense and offer food and spirit money to show their remembrance and respect for their ancestors.At this time, the grass and trees have put forth new buds, with fresh green everywhere, which reflects the vitality of spring.It is a good time for people to breathe the fresh air in the countryside and appreciate the blue sky, green trees, grass and flowers.People like to wear a willow twig on the head because it is supposed to be able to drive away ghosts and disasters and bring safety and happiness.39

618年6月18日，唐朝由高祖建立，是中國(guó)文明的黃金時(shí)代，在藝術(shù)，文學(xué)，尤其是在詩(shī) 歌和科技上發(fā)展顯著。佛教成為普通百姓的主要宗教。長(zhǎng)安（今西安）是唐朝的首都，是當(dāng) 時(shí)世界上最大的城市。第二任皇帝太宗發(fā)動(dòng)了軍事行動(dòng)來(lái)化解游牧（nomadic）部族的威脅，擴(kuò)展邊界，使鄰國(guó)服從朝貢（tributary）制度。唐朝在塔里木盆地（Tarim Basin）軍事上的

勝利保持了絲綢之路暢通，連接長(zhǎng)安到中亞地區(qū)，并遠(yuǎn)至西部。在南方，利潤(rùn)豐厚的海上（maritime）貿(mào)易路線從港口城市開(kāi)始，如廣州。

Tang Dynasty was founded by Emperor Gaozu on 18 June 618.It was a golden age of Chinese civilization with significant developments in art, literature, particularly poetry, and technology.Buddhism became the predominant religion for common people.Chang’an(modern Xi’an), the national capital, was the largest city in the world of its time.The second emperor, Taizong, launched military campaigns to dissolve threats from nomadic tribes, extended the border, and submitted neighboring states into a tributary system.Military victories in the Tarim Basin kept the Silk Road open, connecting Chang’an to Central Asia and areas far to the west.In the south, profitable maritime trade routes began from port cities such as Guangzhou.40

中華民族是龍的傳人，而實(shí)際上根本沒(méi)有龍這種動(dòng)物存在，它只是人們臆想出來(lái)的一種動(dòng)物 象征，結(jié)合了許多種其他不同動(dòng)物的特征，包括：鹿、魚(yú)、老虎、獅子、馬、牛、驢、蛇、和禿鷹（vulture）。龍被人們看作是一種具有神性的動(dòng)物，時(shí)常與云朵、雷電和降雨聯(lián)系在 一起，它可以在陸地行走，在海里游泳，在天空翱翔，化作風(fēng)神和雨神。中國(guó)人不僅認(rèn)為龍 是一種福神（mascot），還是權(quán)力、尊嚴(yán)、運(yùn)氣、力量和成功的化身。

The Chinese people consider themselves descendents of the dragon, which is in fact a fictitious animal combining some features of the deer, fish, tiger, lion, horse, ox, donkey, snake and vulture.This divine animal is always associated with clouds, thunderbolts and rainfall.It can walk on the land, swim in the sea and fly in the air and is the deity of wind and rain.Chinese people believe it is a mascot, as well as the embodiment of power, dignity, luck, strength and success.

第五篇：翻譯練習(xí)及答案參考

漢翻英：重點(diǎn)翻譯紅色字體部分，其它部分也可翻譯。

之一:題目：不要拋棄學(xué)問(wèn)（胡適1929年中國(guó)公學(xué)18級(jí)畢業(yè)贈(zèng)言）

諸位畢業(yè)同學(xué)：

你們現(xiàn)在要離開(kāi)母校了，我沒(méi)有什么禮物送給你們，只好送你們一句話罷。

這一句話是：“不要拋棄學(xué)問(wèn)。”以前的功課也許有一大部分是為了這張畢業(yè)文憑不得已而做的。從今以后，你們可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁現(xiàn)在年富力強(qiáng)的時(shí)候，努力做一種專(zhuān)門(mén)學(xué)問(wèn)。少年是一去不復(fù)返的，等到精力衰時(shí)，要做學(xué)問(wèn)也來(lái)不及了。即為吃飯計(jì)，學(xué)問(wèn)絕不會(huì)辜負(fù)人的。吃飯而不求學(xué)問(wèn)，三年五年之后，你們都要被后進(jìn)少年淘汰掉的。到那時(shí)再想做點(diǎn)學(xué)問(wèn)來(lái)補(bǔ)救，恐怕已太晚了。

有人說(shuō)：“出去做事之后，生活問(wèn)題亟須解決，哪有工夫去讀書(shū)?即使要做學(xué)問(wèn)，既沒(méi)有圖書(shū)館，又沒(méi)有實(shí)驗(yàn)室，哪能做學(xué)問(wèn)?”

我要對(duì)你們說(shuō)：凡是要等到有了圖書(shū)館方才讀書(shū)的，有了圖書(shū)館也不肯讀書(shū)。凡是要等到有了實(shí)驗(yàn)室方才做研究 的，有了實(shí)驗(yàn)室也不肯做研究。你有了決心要研究一個(gè)問(wèn)題，自然會(huì)撙衣節(jié)食去買(mǎi)書(shū)，自然會(huì)想出法子來(lái)設(shè)置儀器。至于時(shí)間，更不成問(wèn)題。達(dá)爾文一生多病，不能多做工，每天只能做一點(diǎn)鐘的工作。你們看他的成績(jī)!每天花一點(diǎn)鐘看十頁(yè)有用的書(shū)，每年可看三千六百多頁(yè)書(shū)，三十年讀約十一萬(wàn)頁(yè)書(shū)。

諸位，十萬(wàn)頁(yè)書(shū)可以使你成一個(gè)學(xué)者了。可是，每天看三種小報(bào)也得費(fèi)你一點(diǎn)鐘的工夫；四圈麻將也得費(fèi)你一點(diǎn)半鐘的光陰。看小報(bào)呢，還是打麻將呢，還是努力做一個(gè)學(xué)者呢?全靠你們自己的選擇!

易卜生說(shuō)：“你的最大責(zé)任是把你這塊材料鑄造成器。”

學(xué)問(wèn)便是鑄器的工具。拋棄了學(xué)問(wèn)便是毀了你自己。

再會(huì)了!你們的母校眼睜睜地要看你們十年之后成什么器。

漢翻英之二：桂林位于廣西壯族自治區(qū)的東北角，被譽(yù)為“最美的和最值得外國(guó)游客觀光的中國(guó)城市”。中國(guó)廣泛流傳這樣一句話：桂林山水甲天下。巖溶峰林地貌，晶瑩剔透的江水，經(jīng)常浮現(xiàn)與中國(guó)藝術(shù)作品中，而神奇獨(dú)特的洞穴更為桂林美景增添不少景致。

英漢翻譯 ： Mother's Letter to the World Dear World：

My son starts school today．It’s going to be strange and new to him for a while．And I wish you would sort of treat him gently． You see，up to now，he’s been king of the roost．He’s been boss of the back yard．I have always been around to repair his wounds，and to soothe his feelings．

But now― things are going to be different．

This morning，he’s going to walk down the front steps，wave his hand and start on his great adventure that will probably include wars and tragedy and sorrow．To live his life in the world he has to live in will require faith and love and courage．

So，World，I wish you would sort of take him by his young hand and teach him the things he will have to know．Teach him―but gently，if you can．Teach him that for every scoundrel，there is a hero；that for every crooked politician there is a dedicated leader；that for every enemy there is a friend．Teach him the wonders of books．Give him quiet time to ponder the eternal mystery of birds in the sky，bees in the sun，and flowers on the green hill．Teach him it is far more honorable to fail than to cheat．Teach him to have faith in his own ideas，even if everyone else tells him they are wrong．Teach him to sell his brawn and brains to the highest bidder，but never to

put a price on his heart and soul．Teach him to close his ears to a howling mob．．．a(chǎn)nd to stand and fight if he thinks he’s right．Teach him gently，World，but don’t coddle him，because only the test of fire makes fine steel．

This is a big order，World，but see what you can do．He’s such a nice little fellow．

英譯漢之：新聞材料

（注意：標(biāo)題的翻譯要出彩）

How China Does 'The Bachelor'

More than 50,000 young beauties from across China have lined up to win a date with one of 18 young, millionaire bachelors.The contest is the latest in a trend of beauty contests for the rich that has been criticized heavily in the media, on the net, and even by the government.The new contest was organized online, and its first round was held simultaneously in several major cities.Most contestants have already gone home in defeat, having failed an examination by feng shui masters to see whether they have a 'lucky face', according to an article on the People's Daily's

English website.Only 18 finalists will ultimately datethe eligible young men.Editorials in the online edition of China Daily, mirroring the overwhelmingly negative public reaction, blast the contest as 'money worship' and accuse it of treating women as sex objects.Editorialist Zhang Tianpin complains that the contest is the kind of scandalous behavior that makes many Chinese hate wealthy people.Elites should not to flaunt their money to seek beautiful women as partners but invest their money in activities for the benefit of society,' he argues.Some defend the contest by saying that at least the women are mature and chosen not solely for their looks.Men are looking for the whole package: 'beauty, good temperament, psychological balance, sound character, good educational qualification, high moral values, love, and respect for the institution of marriage,' asserts freelance journalist Huang Yunxiang.Indeed, most of the contestants are between 28 and 30, college-educated and have steady jobs.China has seen a steady expansion of elite dating contests, TV shows and websites in recent years.Golden Bachelor

Matchmakers, a high-end dating site, hires 'Love Hunters' to scour the country for attractive women between 5 feet,5 inches and 5 feet, 8 inches.Then, luxurious parties with steep entrance fees pair up rich men with these carefully selected beauties.It is not like they use money to find true love.They just want to have the best options,' Golden Bachelor Chairman Xu Tianli told China Daily.Vocal critics, however, are uncomfortable with the impact of these beauty contests on Chinese culture.According to an online article in the Global Times, the government has ordered all TV stations to stop showing 22-year-old fashion model Ma Nuo after she made comments that Chinese audiences deemed 'too materialistic.'

On a TV dating show, Ma refused an unemployed man's offer of a bicycle ride, saying: 'I would rather weep in a BMW than smile on your bicycle.'

中國(guó)各地五萬(wàn)多名年輕美女報(bào)名應(yīng)征與18位年輕的單身男富豪約會(huì)的機(jī)會(huì)，這是美女爭(zhēng)嫁富豪潮流的新一波，媒體、網(wǎng)絡(luò)甚至中國(guó)政府一直在對(duì)這種活動(dòng)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)。

ZUMApress.com舟山國(guó)際海洋小姐大賽的參賽選手為拍攝合影擺姿勢(shì)。這次活動(dòng)是在線組織的，第一輪競(jìng)爭(zhēng)在幾個(gè)大城市同步舉行。據(jù)《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》(People's Daily)英文網(wǎng)絡(luò)版報(bào)道，大多數(shù)應(yīng)征者未能通過(guò)風(fēng)水師審查她們是否有“旺夫相”這一關(guān)，已失敗回家。

僅有18名進(jìn)入決賽的美女將最終獲得約會(huì)機(jī)會(huì)，如果幸運(yùn)的話，還將嫁給合適 的年輕男士。

《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》(China Daily)網(wǎng)絡(luò)版評(píng)論反映出多數(shù)公眾對(duì)這一事件持完全否定態(tài)度，抨擊這種活動(dòng)是“拜金”，并指責(zé)這種作法是將女性視為性玩物。評(píng)論人張?zhí)祛l（音）批評(píng)說(shuō)，這是一種可恥的行徑，使得眾多中國(guó)人仇視富人。

他說(shuō)，精英人士不應(yīng)化大錢(qián)找美女結(jié)婚，而應(yīng)將錢(qián)用于造福社會(huì)等活動(dòng)。

有人為這類(lèi)活動(dòng)辯解說(shuō)，至少這些女性是成熟的，不光憑外表入選。自由撰稿人黃云翔（音）說(shuō)，男性追求的女性條件是：相貌好、有氣質(zhì)、心態(tài)平和、性格好、受過(guò)良好教育、有高尚的價(jià)值觀、有愛(ài)心而且要尊重婚姻。的確，大多數(shù)應(yīng)征者年齡為28至30歲之間，受過(guò)大學(xué)教育，且有穩(wěn)定的工作。

近年來(lái)，中國(guó)的精英婚戀活動(dòng)、電視婚戀節(jié)目及婚戀網(wǎng)絡(luò)呈逐漸增加趨勢(shì)。一家高端婚戀網(wǎng)站鉆石王老五征婚網(wǎng)(Golden Bachelor Matchmakers)雇傭“愛(ài)情獵頭”在全國(guó)搜尋1.65米至1.72米的魅力女性。而后舉行入場(chǎng)費(fèi)昂貴的奢侈派對(duì)將這些精心挑揀出來(lái)的美女與富豪配對(duì)。

鉆石王老五征婚網(wǎng)總裁徐天立接受《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》采訪時(shí)說(shuō)，富豪們用錢(qián)不可能找到真愛(ài)。他們只是想有最好的選擇。

但直言不諱的評(píng)論家們，就美女爭(zhēng)嫁富豪類(lèi)征婚活動(dòng)對(duì)中國(guó)文化的沖擊非常不安。據(jù)《環(huán)球時(shí)報(bào)》一篇在線文章稱(chēng)，政府已下令所有的電視臺(tái)封殺22歲的時(shí)裝模特馬諾，此前她的言論讓中國(guó)觀眾認(rèn)為“過(guò)于功利化”。

之前在一個(gè)電視婚戀節(jié)目《非誠(chéng)勿擾》中，馬諾拒絕了一位失業(yè)男士的求婚，她說(shuō)，“我寧愿坐在寶馬里哭，也不坐在自行車(chē)后座上笑”。

不要拋棄學(xué)問(wèn)

Never give up the pursuit of learning.諸位畢業(yè)同學(xué)：

Dear students of the Graduating Class，你們現(xiàn)在要離開(kāi)母校了，我沒(méi)有什么禮物送你們，只好送你們一句話罷。

As you are leaving your alma mater, I have nothing to offer you as a gift except a word of advice.這一句話是：“不要拋棄學(xué)問(wèn)。”以前的功課也許有一大部分是為了這張畢業(yè)文憑，不得已而做的，從今以后，你們可以依自己的心愿自由去研究了。趁現(xiàn)在年富力強(qiáng)的時(shí)候，努力做一種專(zhuān)門(mén)學(xué)問(wèn)。少年是一去不復(fù)返的，等到精力衰時(shí)，要做學(xué)問(wèn)也來(lái)不及了。即為吃飯計(jì)，學(xué)問(wèn)決不會(huì)辜負(fù)人的。吃飯而不求學(xué)問(wèn)，三年五年之后，你們都要被后來(lái)少年淘汰掉的。到那時(shí)再想做點(diǎn)學(xué)問(wèn)來(lái)補(bǔ)救，恐怕已太晚了。My advice is, “Never give up the pursuit of learning.” You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma, or, in other words, out of sheer necessity.However, from now on you are free to follow your own bent in the choice of studies.While you are in the prime of life, why not devote yourselves to a special field of study? Youth will soon be gone never to return.And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.Knowledge will do you a good turn even as a means of subsistence.If you give up studies while holding a job，you will in a couple of years have had yourselves replaced by young people.It will then be too late to remedy the situation by picking up studies again.有人說(shuō)：“出去做事之后，生活問(wèn)題急需解決，哪有工夫去讀書(shū)？即使要做學(xué)問(wèn)，既沒(méi)有圖書(shū)館，又沒(méi)有實(shí)驗(yàn)室，哪能做學(xué)問(wèn)？” Sone people say, “Once you have a job, you'll come up against the urgent problem of making a living.How can you manage to find time to study? Even if you want to, will it be possible with no library or laboratory available?” 我要對(duì)你們說(shuō)：凡是要等到有了圖書(shū)館方才讀書(shū)，有了圖書(shū)館也不肯讀書(shū)。凡是要等到有了實(shí)驗(yàn)室方才做研究的，有了實(shí)驗(yàn)室也不肯做研究。你有了決心要研究一個(gè)問(wèn)題，自然會(huì)撙衣節(jié)食去買(mǎi)書(shū)，自然會(huì)想出法子來(lái)設(shè)置儀器。

Now let me tell you this.Those who refuse to study for lack of a liabrary will most probably continue to do so even though there is a library.And those who refuse to do research for lack of a laboratory will most probably continue to do so even though a laboratory is available.As long as you set your mind on studies, you

will naturally cut down on food and clothing to buy books or do everything possible to acquire necessary instruments.至于時(shí)間，更不成問(wèn)題。達(dá)爾文一生多病，不能多作工，每天只能做一點(diǎn)鐘的工作。你看他的成績(jī)！每天花一點(diǎn)鐘看10頁(yè)有用的書(shū)，每年可看3600多頁(yè)書(shū)，30年可讀11萬(wàn)頁(yè)書(shū)。Time is no object.Charles Darwin could only work one hour a day due to ill health.Yet what a remarkable man he was!If you spend one hour a day reading 10 pages of a book, you can finish more than 3,600 pages a year, and 110,000 pages in 30 years.諸位，11萬(wàn)頁(yè)書(shū)可以使你成一個(gè)學(xué)者了。可是，每天看三種小報(bào)也得費(fèi)你一點(diǎn)鐘的工夫，四圈麻將也得費(fèi)你一點(diǎn)半鐘的光陰。看小報(bào)呢？還是打麻將呢？還是努力做一個(gè)學(xué)者呢？全靠你們自己的選擇！

Dear students, 110000 pages will be quite enough to make a learned man of you.It will take you one hour to read three tabloids a day, and one and half hours to finish four rounds of mah-jong a day.Reading tabloids, playing mah-jongs or striving to be a learned man, the choice lies with you.易卜生說(shuō)：“你的最大責(zé)任是把你這塊材料鑄造成器。” Henrik Ibsen says, “It's your supreme duty to cast yourself into a useful implement.” 學(xué)問(wèn)便是鑄器的工具。拋棄了學(xué)問(wèn)便是毀了你們自己。Learning is the casting mould.Forsake learning, and you will ruin yourself.再會(huì)了！你們的母校眼睜睜地要看你們十年之后成什么器。Farewell!Your alma mater is watching eagerly to see what will become of you ten years from now.①“不要拋棄學(xué)問(wèn)”在這里的意思是“不要放棄對(duì)學(xué)問(wèn)的追求”，因此不能直譯為 Never Give up Learning，必須加字：Never Give up the Pursuit of Learning.②“你們可以依自己的心愿自由去研究了”譯為you are free to follow your own bent in the choice of studies，其中 to follow one's own bent 是成語(yǔ)，和 to follow one's inclination 同義，作“做自己感興趣或愛(ài)做的事”解。③“做學(xué)問(wèn)”譯為 to go into scholarship, 等于 to engage in learning。

④“學(xué)問(wèn)決不會(huì)辜負(fù)人的”譯為 Knowledge will do you a good turn，其中 to do one a good turn 是成語(yǔ)，作“"做對(duì)某人有益的事”解。

⑤“撙衣節(jié)食”即“省吃省穿”，現(xiàn)譯為 cut down on food and clothing, 其中 to cut down on 是成語(yǔ)，與 to economize on 同義，作“節(jié)約”解。又，上語(yǔ)也可譯為 to live frugally.⑥“至于時(shí)間，更不成問(wèn)題”譯為 Time is no object, 其中 no object 是成語(yǔ)，等于 no problem, 作“不成問(wèn)題”或“不在話下”解。

⑦“全靠你們自己的選擇”譯為 the choie lies with you 或 it is up to you to make the choice.⑧“你們的母校眼睜睜地要看......”中的“眼睜睜地”通常的意思是“無(wú)可奈何地”，現(xiàn)在這里做“熱切地”解，故譯為eagerly。

漢翻英：桂林位于廣西壯族自治區(qū)的東北角，被譽(yù)為“最美的和最值得外國(guó)游客觀光的中國(guó)城市”。中國(guó)廣泛流傳這樣一句話：桂林山水甲天下。巖溶峰林地貌，晶瑩剔透的江水，經(jīng)常浮現(xiàn)與中國(guó)藝術(shù)作品中，而神奇獨(dú)特的洞穴更為桂林美景增添不少景致。

Situated in the northeast corner of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Gulin is hailed by many as the most beautifu place in China and one of the must-see destinations for most foreign tourists.There is a popular Chinese saying,”Guilin’s scenery bests all others in the world”.Its shapely-rising limestone towers and crystal-clear waters are often portrayed in Chinese artworks.Adding to its natural beauty are many fascinating caves.英譯漢之一：

How China Does “The Bachelor”

More than 50,000 young beauties from across China have lined up to win a date with one of 18 young, millionaire bachelors.The contest is the latest in a trend of beauty contests for the rich that has been criticized heavily in the media, on the

net, and even by the government.中國(guó)各地五萬(wàn)多名年輕美女報(bào)名應(yīng)征與18位年輕的單身男富豪約會(huì)的機(jī)會(huì)，這是美女爭(zhēng)嫁富豪潮流的新一波，媒體、網(wǎng)絡(luò)甚至中國(guó)政府一直在對(duì)這種活動(dòng)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)。

The new contest was organized online, and its first round was held simultaneously in several major cities.Most contestants have already gone home in defeat, having failed an examination by feng shui masters to see whether they have a 'lucky face', according to an article on the People's Daily's English website.Only 18 finalists will ultimately datethe eligible young men.ZUMApress.com舟山國(guó)際海洋小姐大賽的參賽選手為拍攝合影擺姿勢(shì)。這次活動(dòng)是在線組織的，第一輪競(jìng)爭(zhēng)在幾個(gè)大城市同步舉行。據(jù)《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》(People's Daily)英文網(wǎng)絡(luò)版報(bào)道，大多數(shù)應(yīng)征者未能通過(guò)風(fēng)水師審查她們是否有“旺夫相”這一關(guān)，已失敗回家。

僅有18名進(jìn)入決賽的美女將最終獲得約會(huì)機(jī)會(huì)，如果幸運(yùn)的話，還將嫁給合適的年輕男士。

Editorials in the online edition of China Daily, mirroring the

overwhelmingly negative public reaction, blast the contest as 'money worship' and accuse it of treating women as sex objects.Editorialist Zhang Tianpin complains that the contest is the kind of scandalous behavior that makes many Chinese hate wealthy people.Elites should 'not to flaunt their money to seek beautiful women as partners but invest their money in activities for the benefit of society,' he argues.《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》(China Daily)網(wǎng)絡(luò)版評(píng)論反映出多數(shù)公眾對(duì)這一事件持完全否定態(tài)度，抨擊這種活動(dòng)是“拜金”，并指責(zé)這種作法是將女性視為性玩物。評(píng)論人張?zhí)祛l（音）批評(píng)說(shuō)，這是一種可恥的行徑，使得眾多中國(guó)人仇視富人。

他說(shuō)，精英人士不應(yīng)化大錢(qián)找美女結(jié)婚，而應(yīng)將錢(qián)用于造福社會(huì)等活動(dòng)

Some defend the contest by saying that at least the women are mature and chosen not solely for their looks.Men are looking for the whole package: 'beauty, good temperament, psychological balance, sound character, good educational qualification, high moral values, love, and respect for the institution of marriage,' asserts freelance journalist Huang Yunxiang.Indeed, most of the contestants are between 28 and 30, college-educated and have steady jobs.有人為這類(lèi)活動(dòng)辯解說(shuō)，至少這些女性是成熟的，不光憑外表入選。自由撰稿人黃云翔（音）說(shuō)，男性追求的女性條件是：相貌好、有氣質(zhì)、心態(tài)平和、性格好、受過(guò)良好教育、有高尚的價(jià)值觀、有愛(ài)心而且要尊重婚姻。的確，大多數(shù)應(yīng)征者年齡為28至30歲之間，受過(guò)大學(xué)教育，且有穩(wěn)定的工作。

China has seen a steady expansion of elite dating contests, TV shows and websites in recent years.Golden Bachelor Matchmakers, a high-end dating site, hires 'Love Hunters' to scour the country for attractive women between 5 feet, 5 inches and 5 feet, 8 inches.Then, luxurious parties with steep entrance fees pair up rich men with these carefully selected beauties.'It is not like they use money to find true love.They just want to have the best options,' Golden Bachelor Chairman Xu Tianli told China Daily.近年來(lái)，中國(guó)的精英婚戀活動(dòng)、電視婚戀節(jié)目及婚戀網(wǎng)絡(luò)呈逐漸增加趨勢(shì)。一家高端婚戀網(wǎng)站鉆石王老五征婚網(wǎng)(Golden Bachelor Matchmakers)雇傭“愛(ài)情獵頭”在全國(guó)搜尋1.65米至1.72米的魅力女性。而后舉行入場(chǎng)費(fèi)昂貴的奢侈派對(duì)將這些精心挑揀出來(lái)的美女與富豪配對(duì)。

鉆石王老五征婚網(wǎng)總裁徐天立接受《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》采訪時(shí)

說(shuō)，富豪們用錢(qián)不可能找到真愛(ài)。他們只是想有最好的選擇。

Vocal critics, however, are uncomfortable with the impact of these beauty contests on Chinese culture.According to an online article in the Global Times, the government has ordered all TV stations to stop showing 22-year-old fashion model Ma Nuo after she made comments that Chinese audiences deemed 'too materialistic.'

On a TV dating show, Ma refused an unemployed man's offer of a bicycle ride, saying: 'I would rather weep in a BMW than smile [on your] bicycle.'但直言不諱的評(píng)論家們，就美女爭(zhēng)嫁富豪類(lèi)征婚活動(dòng)對(duì)中國(guó)文化的沖擊非常不安。據(jù)《環(huán)球時(shí)報(bào)》一篇在線文章稱(chēng)，政府已下令所有的電視臺(tái)封殺22歲的時(shí)裝模特馬諾，此前她的言論讓中國(guó)觀眾認(rèn)為“過(guò)于功利化”。

之前在一個(gè)電視婚戀節(jié)目《非誠(chéng)勿擾》中，馬諾拒絕了一位失業(yè)男士的求婚，她說(shuō)，“我寧愿坐在寶馬里哭，也不坐在自行車(chē)后座上笑”。

鉆石王老五征婚：美女蜂擁 媒體炮轟

中國(guó)各地五萬(wàn)多名年輕美女報(bào)名應(yīng)征與18位年輕的單

身男富豪約會(huì)的機(jī)會(huì)，這是美女爭(zhēng)嫁富豪潮流的新一波，媒體、網(wǎng)絡(luò)甚至中國(guó)政府一直在對(duì)這種活動(dòng)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)。

ZUMApress.com舟山國(guó)際海洋小姐大賽的參賽選手為拍攝合影擺姿勢(shì)。這次活動(dòng)是在線組織的，第一輪競(jìng)爭(zhēng)在幾個(gè)大城市同步舉行。據(jù)《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》(People's Daily)英文網(wǎng)絡(luò)版報(bào)道，大多數(shù)應(yīng)征者未能通過(guò)風(fēng)水師審查她們是否有“旺夫相”這一關(guān)，已失敗回家。

僅有18名進(jìn)入決賽的美女將最終獲得約會(huì)機(jī)會(huì)，如果幸運(yùn)的話，還將嫁給合適的年輕男士。

《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》(China Daily)網(wǎng)絡(luò)版評(píng)論反映出多數(shù)公眾對(duì)這一事件持完全否定態(tài)度，抨擊這種活動(dòng)是“拜金”，并指責(zé)這種作法是將女性視為性玩物。評(píng)論人張?zhí)祛l（音）批評(píng)說(shuō)，這是一種可恥的行徑，使得眾多中國(guó)人仇視富人。

他說(shuō)，精英人士不應(yīng)化大錢(qián)找美女結(jié)婚，而應(yīng)將錢(qián)用于造福社會(huì)等活動(dòng)

有人為這類(lèi)活動(dòng)辯解說(shuō)，至少這些女性是成熟的，不光憑外表入選。自由撰稿人黃云翔（音）說(shuō)，男性追求的女性條件是：相貌好、有氣質(zhì)、心態(tài)平和、性格好、受過(guò)良好教育、有高尚的價(jià)值觀、有愛(ài)心而且要尊重婚姻。的確，大多數(shù)應(yīng)征者年齡為28至30歲之間，受過(guò)大學(xué)教育，且有穩(wěn)定的工作。

近年來(lái)，中國(guó)的精英婚戀活動(dòng)、電視婚戀節(jié)目及婚戀網(wǎng)

絡(luò)呈逐漸增加趨勢(shì)。一家高端婚戀網(wǎng)站鉆石王老五征婚網(wǎng)(Golden Bachelor Matchmakers)雇傭“愛(ài)情獵頭”在全國(guó)搜尋1.65米至1.72米的魅力女性。而后舉行入場(chǎng)費(fèi)昂貴的奢侈派對(duì)將這些精心挑揀出來(lái)的美女與富豪配對(duì)。

鉆石王老五征婚網(wǎng)總裁徐天立接受《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》采訪時(shí)說(shuō)，富豪們用錢(qián)不可能找到真愛(ài)。他們只是想有最好的選擇。

但直言不諱的評(píng)論家們，就美女爭(zhēng)嫁富豪類(lèi)征婚活動(dòng)對(duì)中國(guó)文化的沖擊非常不安。據(jù)《環(huán)球時(shí)報(bào)》一篇在線文章稱(chēng)，政府已下令所有的電視臺(tái)封殺22歲的時(shí)裝模特馬諾，此前她的言論讓中國(guó)觀眾認(rèn)為“過(guò)于功利化”。

之前在一個(gè)電視婚戀節(jié)目《非誠(chéng)勿擾》中，馬諾拒絕了一位失業(yè)男士的求婚，她說(shuō)，“我寧愿坐在寶馬里哭，也不坐在自行車(chē)后座上笑”。

英漢翻譯 ： Mother's Letter to the World Dear World：

My son starts school today．It’s going to be strange and new to him for a while．And I wish you would sort of treat him gently． You see，up to now，he’s been king of the roost．He’s been boss of the back yard．I have always been around to repair his wounds，and to soothe his feelings．

But now― things are going to be different．

This morning，he’s going to walk down the front steps，wave his hand and start on his great adventure that will probably include wars and tragedy and sorrow．To live his life in the world he has to live in will require faith and love and courage．

So，World，I wish you would sort of take him by his young hand and teach him the things he will have to know．Teach him―but gently，if you can．Teach him that for every scoundrel，there is a hero；that for every crooked politician there is a dedicated leader；that for every enemy there is a friend．Teach him the wonders of books．

Give him quiet time to ponder the eternal mystery of birds in the sky，bees in the sun，and flowers on the green hill．

Teach him it is far more honorable to fail than to cheat．Teach him to have faith in his own ideas，even if everyone else tells him they are wrong．Teach him to sell his brawn and brains to the highest bidder，but never to put a price on his heart and soul．Teach him to close his ears to a howling mob．．．a(chǎn)nd to stand and fight if he thinks he’s right．Teach him gently，World，but don’t coddle him，because only the test of fire makes fine steel．

This is a big order，World，but see what you can do．He’s such a nice little fellow． 親愛(ài)的世界：

我的兒子今天開(kāi)始上學(xué)。在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，他都會(huì)感到既陌生又新鮮。我希望你能對(duì)他溫柔一點(diǎn)。

你知道，直到現(xiàn)在，他一直是家里的小皇帝；一直是后院的主人。我一直在他身邊，為他料理傷口，給他感情上的慰藉。

可是現(xiàn)在———一切都將發(fā)生變化。今天早晨，他將走下屋前的臺(tái)階，揮揮手，踏上他偉大的冒險(xiǎn)征途，途中也許會(huì)有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、悲劇和傷痛。要在他必須生存的世界中生活需要信念、愛(ài)心和勇氣。

所以，世界，我希望你握住他稚嫩的手，教他必須知道的一些事情。教他———但如果可能的話，溫柔點(diǎn)兒。教他知道，世界上有一個(gè)惡棍，就有一個(gè)英雄；有一個(gè)奸詐的政客，就有一個(gè)富有奉獻(xiàn)精神的領(lǐng)袖；有一個(gè)敵人，就有一個(gè)朋友。教他感受書(shū)本的魅力。給他時(shí)間，去安靜地思索自然界中永恒的神秘：空中的小鳥(niǎo)，陽(yáng)光下的蜜蜂，青山上的花朵。教他知道，失敗比欺騙要光榮得多。教他要堅(jiān)信自己的思想，哪怕別人都予以否定。教

他可把自己的體力和腦力以最高價(jià)出售，但絕對(duì)不要出賣(mài)自己的心靈和靈魂。教他對(duì)暴徒的嚎叫置若罔聞??并且在認(rèn)為自己是對(duì)的時(shí)候站出來(lái)戰(zhàn)斗。以溫柔的方式教導(dǎo)他，世界，但不要溺愛(ài) 他，因?yàn)橹挥辛一鸩拍軣挸稣驿摗?/p>

這是個(gè)很高的要求，世界，但請(qǐng)你盡力而為。他是一個(gè)多么可愛(ài)的小伙子。