第一篇：美國大學英美文學專業TOP 10

HarvardUniversity

申請截止日期為1月3日，學校不提供單獨的文學碩士學位。國際申請者必須提交GRE和TOEFL成績。學校每年都會收到數百名申請者提交的申請材料，而 錄取新生的比例僅為5～7%。每一位被錄取的新生均能獲得至少4年的全額獎學金——除了學費全免外，每年還能獲得17500美元左右的日常生活補助。網址：http://www.gsas.harvard.edu/

University of California—Berkeley

申請者必須具有學士學位，本科GPA成績在3.0以上。申請者需提供學習紀錄、個人陳述、推薦信和考試成績。校方還很重視申請者的研究興趣與教授研究興 趣之間的吻合度，并考慮申請者的背景和生活經歷是否對今后的學習和研究有利。除了GRE、TOEFL等標準化考試的絕對分數外，校方還看重GRE成績(特 別是GRE General考試中語文部分)的相對比例，因此要求申請者能在12月之前參加完所有的考試。該校申請截止日期為1月5日，國際學生需交納80美元的申請 費。

網址：http://www.english.berkeley.edu/

YaleUniversity

該校通常重點考查申請者的GPA成績、GRE成績、研究經驗和與本校研究領域的契合程度。近年來大多數被錄取的新生平均GRE成績都在700分以上(特 別是語文部分)，TOEFL平均成績為623分。申請者應至少擁有學士學位，本科GPA在3.0以上、研究生GPA 在3.5以上。申請TA獎學金的申請人必須提供TSE考試成績，該成績不得低于50分(滿分60分)。該校的申請截止日期為1月15日，國際學生申請費為 60美元。

網址：http://www.yale.edu/

PrincetonUniversity

該校每年錄取大約10～12名新生。在錄取過程中，教授們主要注重評價申請者的英美文學專業背景。具體的衡量指標有：本科GPA成績、GRE成績等。此 外，學校非常重視申請者的文學研究經驗，包括本科畢業論文和課堂內外參與的研究項目或研究經歷。當然，申請時提交的Essay和推薦信也是重要的評估文 件。普林斯頓大學提供了在線申請的網址和PDF格式的表格供申請者下載，但學校已經不通過郵寄方式向申請者寄送紙質表格。申請費為：網上申請65美元，書 面申請105美元，申請截止日期為12月31日。

網址：http://www.princeton.edu/

StanfordUniversity

該校每年會收到大約300份入學申請，錄取的新生人數在12～15名左右。錄取委員會并未設置嚴格的選拔規則，但要求申請者表現出足以完成學位學習的才 能和品性。主要考查的因素有：學術背景、標準化考試成績和寫作能力等。被錄取的新生通常擁有較高的標準化考試成績(TOEFL筆考620分以上，GRE語 文成績700分以上，GPA高于3.5)，而且其研究興趣與本系教授的契合程度較高，能夠迅速進入角色，幫助教授開展文學研究工作。申請該校的截止日期為 12月14日，申請費為105美元。

網址：http://www.stanford.edu/

CornellUniversity

申請者需要提交的材料有：完整的研究生院入學申請、個人陳述、英美文學系的補充申請表格、一份以前學校的官方成績單、3封推薦信、GRE成績(包括 General成績和物理學Subject成績)，國際學生需要提交TOEFL成績。此外，英美文學系對申請者的TOEFL和GRE語文成績有較高要求，一般被錄取新生的TOEFL最低成績為筆考620分，GRE語文成績均在705分以上。該校的申請費為：網上申請70美元、書面申請80美元，申請截止日 期為12月15日。網址：http://www.english.cornell.edu/

University of Chicago

芝加哥大學英美文學系僅提供博士學位，每年系內招收的博士新生在10～15人之間。申請者需要提供的材料有：推薦信、學術背景證明材料、GRE成績、TOEFL成績(國際學生)、寫作范例(Writing Sample)。申請時不能以LSAT或GMAT來代替所要求提交的GRE成績。在最近3年中，入學新生的平均GRE語文成績為712分，國際新生的平均 TOEFL成績在623分以上，本科GPA平均在3.6以上。同時要求申請者提交10～15頁的寫作范例，該文章可以是課堂討論的小論文，也可以是學位論 文的節選。申請截止日期是12月15日，申請費為55美元。網址：http://english.uchicago.edu/

ColumbiaUniversity

哥倫比亞大學英美文學系的申請者需要向校方提交的材料有：學士學位證明、申請表格、3封推薦信、以往所有就讀學術機構的成績記錄、GRE成績。國際申請 者即使獲得了用英語授課的研究生學位，也必須向校方提供TOEFL成績。博士新生入學的申請截止日期為12月15日，如果申請者通過學校網站進行在線申 請，申請費為75美元；如果采用傳統的書面材料打印申請，則需繳納90美元申請費。

網址：http://www.columbia.edu/

JohnsHopkinsUniversity

該校每年從約450名申請者中錄取10～12人。盡管學校對申請者的GRE、TOEFL成績和本科GPA不設最低分限制，但在申請過程中，教授們最看重 的三

個要素還是：GRE成績(特別是語文部分的分數)、以往學習的成績單和推薦信。此外，申請者過去的文學研究或創作經驗也是非常重要的。申請該校的截止 日期是次年1月，學校在2月中旬至3月底之間做出最終決定。

網址：http://www.jhu.edu/

University of Pennsylvania

該校僅接受秋季入學申請，學校每年從400多名申請者中錄取10人左右，申請該校的截止日期是次年1月。申請者須提交申請表格、個人陳述、成績單、至少 3封推薦信。申請者需要參加GRE的General考試。國際學生還必須提交TOEFL考試成績。入學新生的平均GRE語文成績為706分，平均 TOEFL成績在627分以上。

網址：http://www.upenn.edu/

對中國申請者的建議

目前國內很多學校的英美文學專業授課往往采取了“文學史+名著選讀”的模式。由于學生被動地接受了教師的灌輸，因而很難真正形成自己對文學作品的獨到見 解。教師在處理名著選段時往往把大部分時間用在了解釋句子和單詞的意思上，導致很多學生雖然上了一兩年的英美文學專業課程，卻沒有接觸過一部完整的著作，這與美國大學英美文學專業的研究生入學要求還是存在著不小的差距。此外，很多該專業的同學實際上對文學并非有著濃厚的興趣和研究欲望，因此在出國之后也面 臨著專業和研究領域的重新抉擇。

根據中國英美文學專業的現實，結合筆者多年的留學研究經驗，對該專業的同學出國深造可給出以下建議：

1、如果你對該專業確實具有濃厚的研究興趣、并立志將其作為終生奮斗的領域，可以在大學課堂所涉及的內容之外廣泛閱讀英美文學原著。由于美國歷史相對較 短，知名的文學著作和作家也相對較少，因此要在本科階段就加強專業領域的研究，同時不斷嘗試以自己的獨特眼光來評價文學作品，力求創新。

2、如果你對該專業并非抱有濃厚興趣，可以考慮在申請時轉換專業方向。根據筆者經驗，美國一些與國內英美文學專業學習相關的專業還是很樂意接受該方向的 學員申請，如地區性研究(特別是亞洲及東亞文化研究等)。如果學生在本科或研究生階段已經選修了一部分外專業的課程、甚至已經獲得了其他專業的第二學位，也可以考慮申請此方向。

第二篇：大學英美文學答案

1.Herman Melville’s ______ is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc, in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.A.Billy Budd

B.The Old Man and the Sea

C.White Jacket

D.Moby Dick

In addition to his novels, _______ wrote about 120 short stories and sketches.Among them are Young Goodman Brown and The Minister’s Black Veil.A.Henry David Thoreau

B.Nathaniel Hawthorne C.Ralph Waldo Emerson

D.Herman Melville

______ is an appalling fictional version of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s belief that “the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones” and that evil will come out of evil though it may take generations to happen.A.The Marble Faun

B.The Blithedale Romance

C.Young Goodman Brown D.The House of Seven Gables

Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”? A.The Conduct of Life

B.Representative Men

C.English Traits D.The American Scholar

Which is generally as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism? A.Nature

B.Walden C.On Beauty

D.Self-Reliance

There is a good reason to state that New England Transcendentalism was actually on the Puritan soil.A.Unitarianism

B.Mysticism

C.Romanticism

D.Puritanism

“The universe is composed of Nature and the soul… Spirit is present everywhere”.This is the voice of the book Nature written by Ralph Waldo Emerson, which pushed American romanticism into a new Phase, the phase of New England ______.A.Romanticism

B.Transcendentalism C.Symbolism

D.Naturalism

Washington Irving’s works are numerous, but his most successful work is The Sketch Book, of which the most famous and anthologized are ____ and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.A.A History of New York

B.The Pioneers

C.Rip Van Winkle

D.Leatherstocking Tales

Washington Irving’s first book appeared in 1809, titled ______.A.The History of New York

B.The Marble Faun C.The American Scholar

D.The Cop and the Anthem

In the early 19th century American moral values were essentially Puritan.Nothing has left a deeper imprint on the character of the people as a whole than did _____.A.Rationalism

B.Romanticism C.Sentimentalism

D.Puritanism

Which is the character who appears in the novel Moby Dick? A.Hester Prynne

B.Pearl

C.Mr.Hooper D.Ahab

Herman Melville called his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne ______ in American literature.A.The transcendentalist B.The largest brain with the largest heart C.The American scholar

D.Father of American poetry

Nathaniel Hawthorne is a master of psychological insight and central subject of his major works is the human soul.Choose his short story from the following ones.A.Omoo B.Uncle Tom’s Cabin

C.Young Goodman Brown

D.The Pearl

The finest example of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s symbolism is the recreation of Puritan in ______.A.The Marble Faun

B.The Ambitious Guest

C.The Scarlet Letter

D.Young Goodman Brown

From Henry David Thoreau’s jail experience came his famous essay, ______ which states Thoreau’s belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government.A.Common Sense

B.Civil Disobedience

C.Walden

D.Nature

Which essay is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson? A.Self-Reliance B.The American Scholar

C.The Divinity School Address

D.Of Studies

Which book is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?

A.Nature

D.The Rhodora

B.English Traits C.Nature

D.The Rhodora C.The Rhodora

D.Representative Men

B.English Traits C.Nature

D.The Rhodora

Form the following, choose the characteristics of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s poetry.A.Being highly individual

B.Harsh rhythms C.Lack of form and polish

D.All of the above

Ralph Waldo Emerson’s first book _____ is the fundamental document of his philosophy, and expresses his constant, deeply felt love for he natural scenes.A.Leatherstocking Tales

B.Walden

C.Nature D.Daisy Miller

Choose William Cullen Bryant’s poem from the following ones.A.Voices of the Night

B.Ligeia

C.Song of Myself

D.Thanatopsis

In 1817, the stately poem called Thanatopsis introduced he best poet _____ to appear in America up to that time.A.Edward Taylor

B.William Cullen Bryant

C.Edgar Allan Poe

D.Philip Freneau

Choose Washington Irving’s works from the following items.A.Walden

B.A History of New York

C.Self-Reliance

D.Sister Carrie

In the 19th century America, Romanticism had certain general characteristics.Choose such characteristics from the following items.A.Moral enthusiasm B.Faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception C.Presumption about the corrosive effect of human society D.All of the above

Herman Melville’s _____ is not only an adventure story, but also a significant philosophical work on spiritual exploration.A.The Egg B.The Over-Soul

C.Nature

D.Moby Dick

A new _____ had appeared in England in the last years of the 18th century.It spread to continental Europe and then came to America early in the 19th century.A.Realism

B.Romanticism

C.Naturalism

D..Critical realism

Transcendentalism appealed to those who disdained the hash God of the Puritan ancestors, and it appealed to those who scorned the pale deity of New England _____.A.Naturalism B.Transcendentalism

C.Humanism

D.Unitarianism

Led by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ralph Waldo Emerson and _____, there arose a kind of teaching of transcendentalism in the early 19th century.A.Mark Twain

B.Theodore Dreiser

C.Henry David Thoreau

D.Herman Melville

Transcendentalists recognized ______ as the “highest power of the soul”.A.intuition

B.thinking

C.logic

D.date of the senses

_____ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club.A.Hawthorne

B.Thoreau

C.Whitman

D.Emerson

The appearance of The Scarlet letter marked the maturity of Nathaniel Hawthorne as a novelist.Soon he composed the other three important novels including _____, The Blithedale Romance and The Marble Faun.A.Walden

B.The House of the Seven Gables

C.The Prairie D.The Fall of the House of Usher

Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in _____ and Thoreau.A.Jefferson

B.Oversoul

C.Freneau

D.Emerson

Ralph Waldo Emerson’s essay The American Scholar____ has been regarded as “Americas Declaration of Intellectual Independence”.It called on American writers to write about America in a way peculiarly American.At 19 in 1802_ Washington Irving ___began to write a series of sketches or essays on the theatre and the New York society, using the name of Jonathan Oldstyle.__Herman Melville___is famous for writing stories about the sea and the islands of the Southern Pacific.In his masterpiece Moby Dick, he tells a story of a Whaling voyage which is set a symbolic account of the conflict between man and his fate.Herman Melville’s world classic novel Moby Dick was dedicated to _Nathaniel Hawthorne___, a novelist.Herman Melville is best known as the author of one book named _Moby Dick___, which is, critics have agreed, one of the world’s greatest masterpieces.Ralph _Waldo___ Emerson was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England.The civil war of 1861~1865 ended in the defeat of the Southerners and the abolition of__Slavery____.___Ralph Waldo Emerson__ was a great American Transcendentalist and revolutionary Romanticist, whose first book Nature is the fundamental document of his philosophy.In the early 19th century Rip Van Winkle had established __Washington Irving________’s reputation at home and abroad, and designated the beginning of American Romanticism.Another renowned New England Transcendentalist was _Henry David Thoreau___, a friend of Ralph Waldo Emerson and his junior by some 14 years._Washington Irving___’s Rip Van Winkle is a fantasy tale about a man who somehow stepped outside the main stream of life.27.The Transcendental Club often met at _Ralph Waldo Emerson____’s home in Concord.In The Pioneers, __Natty Bumppo__ represents the ideal American, living a virtuous and free life in God’s world.In the early 19th century, Washington Irving wrote The Sketch Book___which became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.The first important American novelist was _James Fenimore Cooper___.In 1823 Cooper James Fenimore wrote The Pioneers, the first of the five novels that make up _The Leatherstocking Tales___.The remaining four books: The Last of Mohicans(1826), The Prairie(1827), The Pathfinder(1840), and The Deerslayer(1841), continue the story of Natty Bumppo, one of the most famous characters in American fiction.In 1845, Thoreau began a two year residence at _Walden___ Pond.The short story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is taken from Washington Irving’s work named___The Sketch Book___.Emerson’s truest disciple, the man who put into practice many of Emerson’s theories, was Henry __David__ Thoreau._____Edgar Allan Poe__’s poems have the musical quality and romantic beauty.The Raven is his best-known poem.Published in 1823, _The Pioneers____ was the first of the Leatherstcoking Tales, in their order of publication time, and probably the first true romance of the frontier in American literature.Washington Irving’s works are numerous, but his most successful work is The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, of which the most famous and anthologized is_Rip Van Winkle___.__Washington Irving__was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism.__Washington Irving___was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after the Revolutionary War.Washington Irving’s first book appeared in 1809.It was entitled _The History of New York___.In 1836, a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America.It was entitled Nature by _Ralph Waldo Emerson___.The way in which __Nathaniel Hawthorne__ wrote The Scarlet letter suggests that American Romanticism adapted itself to American puritan moralism.The American Romantic Period stretches form the end of the 18th century through the outburst of the __Civil War__.To A Waterfowl is perhaps the peak of _William Cullen Bryant___’s work, it has been called by an eminent English critic “the most perfect brief poem in the language.”

Emerson’s first book in 1836_Nature___brought American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England Transcendentalism.The central figure in the Leatherstocking Tales is Natty Bumppo____, who goes by the various names of Leatherstocking, Deerslayer, Pathfinder and Hawkeye.Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel _The Scarlet Letter___.Herman Melville’s novel__Moby Dick__ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.The English author named _Sir Walter Scott____ was, in a way, responsible for the romantic description of landscape in American literature and the development of American Indian romance.His Waverly novels were models for American historical romance.Leaves of Grass, either in content or form, is an epoch-making work in American literature;its democratic content marked the shift from romanticism to realism, and its free verse____form broke from old poetic conventions to open a new road for American poetry.In 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne brought out his masterpiece _The Scarlet Letter___, the story of a triangular love affair in colonial America..In Washington Irving’s work _The Sketch Book___appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.For the whole 19th century _Emily Dickinson___was the only woman poet who enjoys high academic esteem today.She has been acclaimed as a poet of philosophical and tragic dimensions, a poet who was responsive to the challenging questions of man, nature and human consciousness.The American Transcendentalists formed a club called__the Transcendental Club____.As a philosophical and literary movement, _____ flourished in New England form the 1830s to the Civil War.A.modernism

B.sentimentalism

C.rationalism

D.transcendentalism

第三篇：英美文學

Analysis of Robinson Crusoe

2009級師范三班劉靜 Robinson Crusoe is written by Defoe(1660 ~ 1731), known as the father of English novel and the periodical literature.He is the father of the English novel and periodical literature, who was born in a family which was against the Anglican Protestant.His father is a businessman, doing business.His article influenced the later development of journal articles and newspaper.Because the speech, he was repeatedly arrested.At the age of 59 Defoe began writing fiction as a novelist, show remarkable ability.Robinson Crusoe Robinson is Defoe's first novel, is also one of the most famous novels.It is based on a British seaman on a deserted island alone for 4 years in exile records and creation.Robinson is the heroine of Defoe works in accordance with their ideals and created the character, he killed out of doing business, living on a desert island for 28 years, overcome all sorts of unimaginable difficulties.He start empty-handed, develop the island, not only to their own survival, and create a new world.He was a pioneer in the image, a real asset class hero.In this figure embodies the western ocean civilization tradition, with the outward development of curiosity, desire to conquer and spirit of adventure, praised the strength quality and working spirit.The novel opens English realistic novel road.In this novel, there are so many about the Wonderful part, but two points impress: one is the author of the narrative language easy to understand.In front of the book, the author use a lot of space to introduce Robinson in the sea to sea before, whether does not listen to parents' guide, but follow the guidance of the soul, the careful psychological description, the author description most incisive.Two is a fascinating story, the protagonist of nearly thirty years of life vividly in front of us, let our eyes as if emerging from a young life.Robinson Crusoe is to let a person look after all that the most primitive, most of my books, not only because it is the wonderful, and it gives us the modern enlightenment.The most qualities I learn from Robinson Crusoe is not his hard-working and brave, but his amazing mental capacity.One can imagine, a single large living alone on a desert island life ten years, no one to accompany him, even the most basic, and a person simply talk for a while to do.The deserted island there is no house, no rice, can only rely on his own hard to create a piece of heaven and earth.The first nonwhite character to be given a realistic, individualized, and humane portrayal in the English novel, Friday has a huge literary and cultural importance.Recent rewritings of the Crusoe story, like J.M.Coetzee’s Foe and Michel Tournier’s Friday, emphasize the sad consequences of Crusoe’s

failure to understand Friday and suggest how the tale might be told very differently from the native’s perspective.Besides his importance to our culture, Friday is a key figure within the context of the novel.Friday’s sincere questions to Crusoe about the devil, which Crusoe answers only

indirectly and hesitantly, leave us wondering whether Crusoe’s knowledge of Christianity is superficial and sketchy in contrast to Friday’s full

understanding of his own god Benamuckee.In short, Friday’s exuberance and emotional directness often point out the wooden conventionality of Crusoe’s personality.Despite Friday’s subjugation, however, Crusoe appreciates Friday much more than he would a mere servant.Crusoe does not seem to value intimacy with humans much, but he does say that he loves Friday, which is a

remarkable disclosure.Crusoe may bring Friday Christianity and clothing, but Friday brings Crusoe emotional warmth and a vitality of spirit that Crusoe’s own European heart lacks.This novel shows that we need to believe ourselves, where there is a will, there is way.Use our hands, then see a new world.What is more, we are not only live ourselves in the world, we need to care about others.Be brave, and

never lose hope.

第四篇：英美文學

術語解釋：

Couplets: a rhymed pair of Iambic pentameter lines.Blank verse: unrhymed Iambic pentameter lines.Sonnet: 14 Iambic pentameter lines which follows certain rhyme schemes.2.The conquest: In the year the Normans headed by which is mainly about 4.The Canterbury Tales, in Chaucer’s plan, was to exceed that of Boccaccio’s Decameron, but he failed and only 24 tales were written.5.William Shakespeare, one of the first founders of realism.6.In the first period of his work Shakespeare wrote:

1590The Second and Third part of King Henry VI

1591The First part of King Henry VI

1592The Life and Death of King Richard III;The Comedy of Errors

1593Titus Andronicus;The Taming of the Shrew

1594The Two Gentlemen of Verona;Love’s Labour’s Lost;Romeo and Juliet

1595The Life and Death of Richard II;A Midsummer Night’s Dream

***8Much Ado About Nothing;The Merry Wives of Windsor;The Life of King Henry V

1599The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;As You Like It

1600Twelfth Night, or, What You Will

In the second period:

1601 1602 Troilus and Cressida;All’s Well That Ends Well

160416051606Antony and Cleopatra

1607The Tragedy of Coriolanus;Timon of Athens

1608Pericles, Prince of Tyre

In the third period:

1609Cymbeline, King of Britain

1610The Winter’s Tale

1612The Tempest;The Life of King Henry VIII

7.Hamlet.To be, or not to be: that is the question: is soliloquy which used in a play on the stage and without a listener.To die, to sleep, no more.8.Francis Bacon is scientist, philosopher, essayist.John Donne, a metaphysical poets(玄學派詩人)

John Milton, his Paradise Lost, which tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven1

out of Eden.John Bunyan, The plain man’s pathway to heaven.成功刻畫人物。

Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, the first English novel, 是一部現實主義小說，作品的主題是通過對主人公魯濱孫的成功刻畫，歌頌資本主義上升時期那種不畏艱難和困苦，充滿野心和冒險精神，富有百折不撓，頑強毅力和斗志，依靠自己的雙手改變一切、創造一切的自我奮斗和創業精神。Is a realistic novel, the theme is according to the successfully describe of the hero Robinson, sing the praises of the not afraid of hardships and difficulties, and full of ambition and spirit of adventure , indomitable will power and fighting power, what’s more, the spirit of self-made depending on oneself in the liftperiod of capitalism.John Swift, his Gulliver’s Travels, 抨擊當時英國的議會政治和反動的宗教勢力，通過描寫格列佛四次遇險，寫出了作者看透了當代的腐敗，以諷刺的方法，抨擊了當時腐敗的社會。Attack the Britain

parliamentarism and reactionary religious forces, according to describe Gulliver’s four-time distress to show the writer has understood the contemporary social corruption, and attack the corrupted society by satire at that time.Henry Fielding is the father of English novel.John Smith is the first American writer.Thomas Jefferson is the writer of The Declaration of Independence.The literature of romanticism period is from American War of Independence to before the Civil War.combining historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering on

surrealism.His depictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to express

Transcendentalism是美國浪漫主義最高潮時期的體驗，認為世間萬物都是平等的。

Henry David Thoreau is the beginner of transcendentalism.Herman Melville, American novelist, proser and poet.Moby Dick, in which shows the struggle between

mankind and nature and draw people’s attention on how to get along with nature properly.He wants to subvert transcendentalism.9.詩歌鑒賞

Sonnet 18

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?我能否將你比作夏天？

Thou art more lovely and more temperate:你比夏天更美麗溫婉。

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,狂風將五月的蓓蕾凋殘，And summer's lease hath all too short a date;夏日的勾留何其短暫。

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,休戀那麗日當空，And often is his gold complexion dimm'd,轉眼會云霧迷蒙。

And every fair from fair sometime declines,休嘆那百花飄零，By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd:催折于無常的天命。

But thy eternal summer shall not fade唯有你永恒的夏日常新

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,你的美貌亦毫發無損。

Nor shall Death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,死神也無緣將你幽禁，When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.你在我永恒的詩中長存。

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,只要世間尚有人吟誦我的詩篇，So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.這詩就將不朽，永葆你的芳顏。

全詩的基本格律是五音步抑揚格（iambic pentameter），包括三個四行組（quatrain）和一個對偶句(couplet)，采用典型的莎氏十四行的韻式，即abab cdcd efef gg。

二、比喻和描述有時平淡或離奇，破壞意美

Sonnet 29

When, in disgrace with fortune and man's eyes當我受盡命運和人們的白眼，I all alone beweep my outcast state暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飄零，And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries徒用呼吁去干擾聾瞶的昊天,And look upon my self and curse my fate顧盼著身影，詛咒自己的生辰，Wishing me like to one more rich in hope愿我和另一個一樣富于希望，Featured like him,like him with friends possess'd面貌相似，又和他一樣廣交游，Desiring this man's art and that man's scope希求這人的淵博，那人的內行，With what I most enjoy contented least最賞心的樂事覺得最不對頭；

Yet in these thought myself almost despising可是，當我正要這樣看輕自己，Haply I think on thee,and then my state忽然想起了你，于是我的精神，Like to the lark at break of day arising便象云雀破曉從陰霾的大地

From sullen earth sings hymns at heaven's gate振翮上升，高唱著圣歌在天門：

For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings一想起你的愛使我那么富有，That then I scorn to change my state with kings和帝王換位我也不屑于屈就。

賞析：對社會、對自己的命運的不滿和無奈。格律是五音步抑揚格（iambic pentameter）.韻式，即abab

cdcd efef gg。

To a Waterfowl《 致 水 鳥 》

-----by William Cullen Bryant威廉·卡倫·布賴恩特

Whither, 'midst falling dew,披著滴落的露珠，While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,天空燦爛，白日的行程就要結束；

Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue穿過玫瑰色的遙遠空際，Thy solitary way?你往何方把孤單的前程追逐？

總結：As the dew falls and the sun sets in the rosy depths of the heavens, I wonder where you(waterfowl)are

going?

Vainly the fowler's eye看你遠遠飛翔而無計可施，Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,捕鳥人的眼光徒勞眷顧；

As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,滿天紅霞把你映襯，Thy figure floats along.暗黑的身影飄飄飛舞。

總結：the hunter can bring no harm to you ,you are free and safe.Without success, a hunter(fowler)might try to

bring you down as you float in silhouette against the crimson evening sky.Seek'st thou the plashy brink你是在尋找開闊的大河之濱，Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,還是波浪拍岸的水草之湖？

Or where the rocking billows rise and sink或者潮水沖刷的海灘，On the chafed ocean side?那里的巨浪奔騰起伏？

? 總結：are you seeking for a place that is suitable for rest? Are you looking for the marshy edge of a lake,the bank of a river, or the shore of the ocean?

There is a Power whose care有上蒼把你關照，Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,--在無路的海岸為你指路，The desert and illimitable air,--在荒漠和無邊的空際，Lone wandering, but not lost.你孤單的飄蕩不致迷途。

? 總結：There is a Power that leads you on your way across deserts and through unlimited expanses of air.You may be wandering and alone, but you are not lost.All day thy wings have fann'd你成天翕動翅膀，At that far height, the cold thin atmosphere:任空氣稀薄暴風寒冷，飛在高處，Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,疲乏中你不肯降落舒適的大地，Though the dark night is near.即使黑夜即將緊閉它的帷幕。

總結：you have been flying the whole day, but do not stop and have a rest though dark is coming.You have been flapping your wings all day high in the sky, yet you continue on even though night is near and land beckons beneath you.And soon that toil shall end,你很快就會結束這樣的勞苦，Soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,你即將找到你夏天的住處；

And scream among thy fellows;reeds shall bend休息中呼喚自己的伙伴，Soon o'er thy sheltered nest.蘆葦也會躬身把你的窩巢遮護。

? 總結：you have a strong desire to be with your family;or, to achieve your goal.Soon your journey will

end.Soon you will descend to your summer home.There, you will scream among others of your kind and find secure shelter among the tall grasses.Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heaven你的身軀全被吞沒，Hath swallowed up thy form;yet, on my heart天堂深淵里，你蹤影全無；

Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,然而你的啟迪深深留在我的心底，And shall not soon depart.我將久久地久久地把它記住。

? 總結:I can no longer see you, but I will never forget the lesson you taught me.He, who, from zone to zone,誰，從一個地方到另一個地方，Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,指引你穿越無限的天空作必然的飛翔，In the long way that I must tread alone,也會在我必須獨自跋涉的長途上，Will lead my steps aright.正確地引導我的腳步。

賞析：There are eight 4-line stanzas, in each stanza, their rhyme is abab.

第五篇：英美文學

《英美文學》復習方法

一、找到《英美文學》的輔導書，例如《自考一本通》《自考直通車》等類型的漢語版輔導書。

二、先把漢語版輔導書的課文翻譯通讀，理解了全書每個章節的內容和知識點；用漢語記錄重點；

三、第一輪復習順序：

1、先看英國文學，后看美國文學

2、按照時間順序看，每個時代都有代表性文學流派和代表作家及代表性作品

3、按照課本的章節順序，看完漢語譯文后，對照英語譯文，劃出課本上對每個時代代表性流派，代表作家和代表作品的描述和評論。名詞性描述一般是填空題和選擇搭配題；評論部分是簡單題和問答題；*只看代表性的重要信息，非代表性作品和作家生平介紹不用看；記住某個時代某個流派有哪些代表作家，哪些代表性作品及該作品的簡要介紹和評論。

4、按照章節劃出重點信息，然后整理筆記；

5、全部整理完畢之后，基本上對文學史和代表文學作品有了基本了解。

四、第二輪復習順序

1、找到歷年真題，做題的時候對照答案，尋找該答案在課文原文中的原始線索，并作好整理記錄；

2、整理理解全部真題的答案以后，對課本的重點知識就有了比較清楚的理解；

五、考前突擊復習

1、依據真題筆記和第二輪復習的筆記，對不熟悉的部分進行重點復習。

2、根據以往考題的研究，舊題還會重新考，所以大家要關注所有做過的真題和各章節中沒有考過的但屬于代表性知識的部分，這些有可能是將要考的新題。自學考試已經有歷史了，所以過去的真題加起來也就是全書的重點知識網絡，所以認真復習真題并理解消化，整理幫助記憶，這對于考試制勝是最好的辦法。

*警告：千萬不要拋開課本直接做真題；

千萬不要死記硬背，而是要在理解的基礎上反復讀，抄寫，默記；反復整理筆記，新的筆記只記錄沒有掌握好的，直到最后的筆記成為提綱式的。

〈高級英語〉復習方法說明；

一、對照輔導書，精讀課文，做課后練習；

二、找來歷年考試真題，認真做，查到答案在課本中的相關地方

三、認真復習真題，總結知識點；錯題本，反復研究錯題

四、回到課本，從頭到尾認真閱讀課文，全面復習重點知識點；

五、整理真題，再次復習錯題；

*高級英語上下冊32個單元，復習面積很大，所以必須早動手，狠下功夫。

祝愿大家能夠取得優秀的成績！