第一篇：溫總理政府工作報告

據新華社北京３月５日電 溫家寶說，要大力實施科教興國戰略和人才強國戰略。堅持優先發展教育。２０１２年財政性教育經費支出占國內生產總值比重達到４％。公辦民辦并舉，增加學前教育資源，抓緊解決“入園難”問題。加強義務教育階段學校標準化建設，公共資源配置重點向農村和城市薄弱學校傾斜。以流入地政府和公辦學校為主，切實保障農民工隨遷子女平等接受義務教育。支持民族地區教育發展，做好“雙語”教學工作。全面推進素質教育。加快教育改革，切實減輕中小學生過重課業負擔，保證中小學生每天一小時校園體育活動。大力發展職業教育。引導高中階段學校和高等學校辦出特色，增強學生就業創業能力。加強重點學科建設，加快建設一批世界一流大學。支持特殊教育發展。落實和完善國家助學制度，無論哪個教育階段，都要確保每個孩子不因家庭經濟困難而失學。

以高層次和高技能人才為重點，加快培養造就一大批創新型科技人才和急需緊缺人才。深化選人用人制度改革，努力營造平等公開、競爭擇優的制度和社會環境，激勵優秀人才脫穎而出，創造人盡其才的良好局面。

加快實施國家科技重大專項，突破一批核心關鍵技術，提升重大集成創新能力。加強基礎研究、前沿技術研究，增強原始創新能力。推動建立企業主導技術研發創新的體制機制。鼓勵企業共同出資開展關鍵共性技術研發，共擔風險、共享成果，對符合國家戰略方向的項目，政府要從政策和資金上給予支持。深化科技管理體制改革，促進科技資源優化配置、高效利用和開放共享。保持財政科技投入穩定增長，提高科研經費使用效率。提升知識產權的創造、應用、保護、管理能力，激發全社會創新活力。

重視保障改善民生

據新華社北京３月５日電 溫家寶強調，經濟越發展，越要重視加強社會建設和保障改善民生。

要繼續實施更加積極的就業政策。今年中央財政擬投入４２３億元，用于扶助和促進就業。繼續把高校畢業生就業放在首位，做好重點人群就業工作。加強勞動保障監察執法，完善勞動爭議處理機制，依法維護勞動者權益，構建和諧勞動關系。

合理調整收入分配關系。今年重點采取三方面措施：一是著力提高城鄉低收入群眾的基本收入。穩步提高職工最低工資、企業退休人員基本養老金和城鄉居民最低生活保障標準。建立健全職工工資正常增長機制，嚴格執行最低工資制度。二是加大收入分配調節力度。提高個人所得稅工薪所得費用扣除標準，合理調整稅率結構，切實減輕中低收入者稅收負擔。有效調節過高收入，加強對收入過高行業工資總額和工資水平的雙重調控，嚴格規范國有企業、金融機構高管人員薪酬管理。三是大力整頓和規范收入分配秩序。堅決取締非法收入。

加快健全覆蓋城鄉居民的社會保障體系。將新型農村社會養老保險試點范圍擴大到全國４０％的縣。推進城鎮居民養老保險試點，解決集體企業退休人員養老保障的歷史遺留問題，建立企業退休人員基本養老金正常調整機制。積極推進機關和事業單位養老保險制度改革。將國有企業、集體企業“老工傷”人員納入工傷保險制度。完善城鄉低保制度。將孤兒養育、教育和殘疾孤兒康復等納入財政保障范圍。繼續推進殘疾人社會保障體系和服務體系建設。大力發展慈善事業。

堅定不移地搞好房地產市場調控。一是進一步擴大保障性住房建設規模。今年要再開工建設保障性住房、棚戶區改造住房共１０００萬套，改造農村危房１５０萬戶。重點發展公共租賃住房。中央財政預算擬安排補助資金１０３０億元，比上年增加２６５億元。各級政府要多渠道籌集資金，大幅度增加投入。二是進一步落實和完善房地產市場調控政策，堅決遏制部分城市房價過快上漲勢頭。制定并向社會公布年度住房建設計劃，在新增建設用地計劃中，單列保障性住房用地，做到應保盡保。重點增加中小套型普通商品住房建設。規范發展住房租賃市場。嚴格落實差別化住房信貸、稅收政策，調整完善房地產相關稅收政策，加強稅收征管，有效遏制投機投資性購房。三是建立健全考核問責機制。對穩定房價、推進保障性住房建設工作不力，從而影響社會發展和穩定的地方，要追究責任。

推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展。一是在基層全面實施國家基本藥物制度。建立完善基本藥物保障供應體系，加強藥品監管，確保用藥安全，切實降低藥價。二是抓好公立醫院改革試點。完善醫療糾紛調處機制，改善醫患關系。三是提高基本醫療保障水平。穩定提高城鎮職工、居民醫保參保率和新農合參合率。今年要把新農合和城鎮居民醫保財政補助標準提高到２００元。四是完成農村三級衛生服務網絡和城市社區衛生服務機構建設任務。今年全國人均基本公共衛生服務經費標準提高到２５元。加強重大傳染病、慢性病、職業病、地方病和精神疾病的預防控制和規范管理。加強婦幼保健工作，繼續推進適齡婦女宮頸癌、乳腺癌免費檢查和救治保障試點。認真做好艾滋病防治工作。大力發展中醫藥和民族醫藥事業，落實各項扶持政策。五是鼓勵社會資本舉辦醫療機構。放寬社會資本和外資舉辦醫療機構的準入范圍。完善和推進醫生多點執業制度，鼓勵醫生在各類醫療機構之間合理流動和在基層開設診所。

全面做好人口和計劃生育工作。繼續穩定低生育水平。做好流動人口計劃生育服務管理工作。加強出生缺陷干預，進一步擴大免費孕前優生健康檢查試點，做好孕產婦和嬰幼兒保健工作。農村婦女住院分娩率達到９５％以上。加快建立健全老年人社會服務體系，加強公益性養老服務設施建設。

加強和創新社會管理

據新華社北京３月５日電 溫家寶指出，要加強和創新社會管理。

溫家寶說，要以城鄉社區為載體，以居民需求為導向，整合人口、就業、社保、民政、衛生、文化等社會管理職能和服務資源，實現政府行政管理與基層群眾自治有效銜接和良性互動。加強信訪、人民調解、行政調解工作，拓寬社情民意表達渠道，切實解決亂占耕地、違法拆遷等群眾反映強烈的問題。加強和完善公共安全體系。健全突發事件應急體制，提高全社會危機管理和抗風險能力。加強社會治安綜合治理，嚴密防范、依法打擊各類違法犯罪活動。落實企業安全生產和產品質量主體責任，堅決遏制重特大安全生產事故。完善食品安全監管體制機制，健全法制，嚴格標準，完善監測評估、檢驗檢測體系，強化地方政府監管責任，加強監管執法，全面提高食品安全保障水平。

大力加強文化建設

據新華社北京３月５日電 溫家寶說，要更好地滿足人民群眾多層次多樣化文化需求，發揮文化引導社會、教育人民、推動發展的功能，增強民族凝聚力和創造力。

溫家寶指出，加強公民道德建設，在全社會樹立中國特色社會主義的共同理想和信念，加快構建傳承中華傳統美德、符合社會主義精神文明要求、適應社會主義市場經濟的道德和行為規范。加強誠信體系建設，建立相關制度和法律法規。增強公共文化產品供給和服務能力，重點加強中西部地區和城鄉基層的文化基礎設施建設，繼續實施文化惠民工程。扶持公益性文化事業，加強文化遺產保護、利用和傳承。進一步繁榮哲學社會科學。發展新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術、檔案事業。加強對互聯網的利用和管理。深化文化體制改革，積極推進經營性文化單位轉企改制。大力發展文化產業，培育新型文化業態，推動文化產業成為國民經濟支柱性產業。大力開展全民健身活動，促進群眾體育和競技體育協調發展。加強對外文化體育交流與合作。

深入推進重點領域改革

據新華社北京３月５日電 溫家寶指出，要深入推進重點領域改革。

他說，繼續推進國有經濟戰略性調整，健全國有資本有進有退、合理流動機制。完善國有金融資產、非經營性資產和自然資源資產監管體制，加強境外國有資產監管。繼續鼓勵、支持和引導非公有制經濟發展。健全財力與事權相匹配的財稅體制，清理和歸并專項轉移支付項目，增加一般性轉移支付，健全縣級基本財力保障機制。在一些生產性服務業領域推行增值稅改革試點，推進資源稅改革。深化預算管理制度改革，全面編制政府性基金預算，擴大國有資本經營預算范圍，試編社會保險基金預算。繼續深化金融企業改革，加快建立現代金融企業制度。加快培育農村新型金融機構。繼續大力發展金融市場，鼓勵金融創新。推進利率市場化改革。擴大人民幣在跨境貿易和投資中的使用。推進人民幣資本項下可兌換工作。加強和改善金融監管，建立健全系統性金融風險防范預警體系和處置機制。完善成品油、天

然氣價格形成機制和各類電價定價機制。推進水價改革。研究制定排污權有償使用和交易試點的指導意見。積極穩妥地分類推進事業單位改革。

進一步提高對外開放水平

據新華社北京３月５日電 溫家寶說，要積極發展互利互惠的多雙邊經貿關系，不斷拓展新的開放領域和空間。繼續推動多哈回合談判，反對各種形式的保護主義，促進國際經濟秩序朝著更加公正、合理、共贏的方向發展。

切實轉變外貿發展方式。在大力優化結構和提高效益的基礎上，保持對外貿易穩定增長。積極擴大自主品牌產品出口。大力發展服務貿易和服務外包，不斷提高服務貿易的比重。擴大先進技術設備、關鍵零部件和能源原材料進口，促進從最不發達國家和主要順差來源國增加進口，逐步改善貿易不平衡狀況，妥善處理貿易摩擦。

加快實施“走出去”戰略，為符合條件的企業和個人到境外投資提供便利。鼓勵企業積極有序開展跨國經營。加強對外投資的宏觀指導，防范投資風險。堅持積極有效利用外資的方針，注重引進先進技術和人才、智力資源，鼓勵跨國公司在華設立研發中心，切實提高利用外資的總體水平和綜合效益。抓緊修訂外商投資產業目錄，鼓勵外資投向高新技術、節能環保、現代服務業等領域和中西部地區。

加強廉政建設和反腐敗工作

據新華社北京３月５日電 溫家寶強調，要加快解決反腐倡廉建設中的突出問題，扎實推進懲治和預防腐敗體系建設，把查辦大案要案作為反腐敗的重要舉措，同時更加注重制度建設。

溫家寶說一是認真治理政府工作人員以權謀私和瀆職侵權問題。針對工程建設、土地使用權出讓和礦產資源開發、國有產權交易、政府采購等重點領域存在的問題，加大查處違法違紀案件工作力度，堅決懲處腐敗分子。二是切實加強廉潔自律，認真貫徹執行《廉政準則》，落實領導干部收入、房產、投資以及配偶子女從業、移居國（境）外等情況定期報告制度，自覺接受監督。加強審計和監察工作。加大對行政機關領導干部和國有企業、事業單位負責人的監督力度。三是堅決反對鋪張浪費和形式主義。要精簡會議、文件，清理和規范各種達標、評比、表彰以及論壇、慶典等活動，從經費上嚴加控制。規范公務用車配備管理并積極推進公務用車制度改革。加快實行財政預算公開，讓人民知道政府花了多少錢，辦了什么事。

全面加強軍隊革命化現代化正規化建設

據新華社北京３月５日電 溫家寶說，要緊緊圍繞黨和國家工作大局，著眼有效履行新世紀新階段我軍歷史使命，全面加強軍隊革命化現代化正規化建設，不斷提高以打贏信息化條件下局部戰爭能力為核心的完成多樣化軍事任務的能力。

溫家寶指出，堅持把思想政治建設擺在首位。積極開展信息化條件下的軍事訓練。加快全面建設現代后勤步伐。推動軍民融合式發展，加強國防科研和武器裝備建設。積極穩妥地推進國防和軍隊改革。堅持依法治軍、從嚴治軍。堅決完成搶險救災等急難險重任務。建設現代化武裝警察力量，增強執勤、處置突發事件和反恐維穩能力。加強國防動員和后備力量建設，鞏固和發展軍政軍民團結。

全力支持香港、澳門發展經濟、改善民生

據新華社北京３月５日電 溫家寶說，我們將堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，全力支持香港、澳門兩個特別行政區發展經濟，改善民生。

溫家寶說，支持香港鞏固和提升國際金融、貿易、航運中心地位。支持澳門建設世界旅游休閑中心，促進經濟適度多元發展。充分發揮香港、澳門在國家整體發展戰略中的獨特作用。進一步提高內地與港澳合作的機制化水平，支持粵港澳深化區域合作，實現互利共贏。

堅持發展兩岸關系、促進祖國和平統一的大政方針和各項政策

據新華社北京３月５日電 溫家寶強調，我們將堅持新形勢下發展兩岸關系、促進祖國和平統一的大政方針和各項政策。

溫家寶說，繼續推進兩岸協商，積極落實兩岸經濟合作框架協議，加強產業合作，加快新興產業、金融等現代服務業合作發展，支持有條件的大陸企業赴臺投資。支持海峽西岸經濟區在推進兩岸交流合作中發揮先行先試作用。深入開展兩岸社會各界交流，積極拓展兩岸文化教育合作。增進兩岸政治互信，鞏固兩岸關系和平發展的政治基礎，共同維護兩岸關系和平發展的良好局面。

推動建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界

據新華社北京３月５日電 溫家寶說，我們將繼續高舉和平、發展、合作的旗幟，堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策，堅持走和平發展道路，堅持奉行互利共贏的開放戰略，堅持推動建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界，為我國現代化建設創造更加有利的外部環境和條件。

他說，我們要保持與主要大國關系健康穩定發展，積極推進對話合作，擴大共同利益和合作基礎。堅持“與鄰為善，以鄰為伴”的周邊外交方針，深化同周邊國家的睦鄰友好合作關系，推進區域次區域合作進程。增進同廣大發展中國家的傳統友好合作關系，進一步落實和擴大合作成果，推進合作方式創新和機制建設。積極開展多邊外交，以二十國集團峰會等為主要平臺，加強宏觀經濟政策協調，推動國際經濟金融體系改革，促進世界經濟強勁、可持續、平衡增長，在推動解決熱點問題和全球性問題上發揮建設性作用，履行應盡的國際責任和義務。

第二篇：溫總理2012年政府工作報告

國務院總理溫家寶政府工作報告

中國網3月5日訊十一屆全國人大五次會議5日上午9時在北京人民大會堂開幕，國務院總理溫家寶向大會作政府工作報告。以下為報告實錄：

各位代表：現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請各位代表審議，并請全國政協委員提出意見。

一、2011年工作回顧

過去的一年，面對復雜多變的國際政治經濟環境和艱巨繁重的國內改革發展任務，全國各族人民在中國共產黨領導下，同心同德，團結奮進，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得新的重大成就。

國內生產總值47.2萬億元，比上年增長9.2％；公共財政收入10.37萬億元，增長24.8％；糧食產量1.14萬億斤，再創歷史新高；城鎮新增就業1221萬人，城鎮居民人均可支配收入和農村居民人均純收入實際增長8.4％和11.4％。我們鞏固和擴大了應對國際金融危機沖擊成果，實現了“十二五”時期良好開局。

一年來，我們主要做了以下工作：

(一)加強和改善宏觀調控，遏制物價過快上漲，實現經濟平穩較快發展。我們實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，堅持正確處理保持經濟平穩較快發展、調整經濟結構和管理通脹預期的關系，更加注重把握好政策實施的重點、力度和節奏，努力做

成了大量優質資產；也存在一些風險隱患，特別是部分償債能力較弱地區存在局部性風險。

我們認真開展債務清理整頓和規范工作，嚴格控制增量，積極穩妥解決債務償還和在建項目后續融資問題。目前，我國政府性債務水平是可控的、安全的?？偟目矗覈鴩窠洕^續朝著宏觀調控預期方向發展，抗風險能力不斷增強，呈現增長較快、價格趨穩、效益較好、民生改善的良好態勢。

(二)加快轉變經濟發展方式，提高發展的協調性和產業的競爭力。我們堅持有扶有控，促進結構調整和優化升級，增強發展后勁。

鞏固和加強農業基礎。全面落實強農惠農富農政策，加大農業生產補貼力度，穩步提高糧食最低收購價，加強以農田水利為重點的農業農村基礎設施建設，開展農村土地整治，加強農業科技服務和抗災減災，中央財政“三農”支出超過1萬億元，比上年增加1839億元。農業全面豐收，糧食總產量實現了歷史罕見的“八連增”，連續5年超萬億斤，標志著我國糧食綜合生產能力穩定躍上新臺階。

繼續推進農村危房改造，解決了6398萬農村人口的飲水困難和60萬無電地區人口的用電問題，農村生產生活條件進一步改善。加快產業結構優化升級。大力培育戰略性新興產業，新能源、新材料、生物醫藥、高端裝備制造、新能源汽車快速發展，三網融合、云計算、物聯網試點示范工作步伐加快。企業兼并重

城鎮化率超過50％，這是中國社會結構的一個歷史性變化。勝利完成四川汶川特大地震災后恢復重建任務，積極推進青海玉樹、甘肅舟曲、云南盈江抗災救災和恢復重建工作。

(三)大力發展社會事業，促進經濟社會協調發展。各級政府加大對科技、教育、文化、衛生、體育事業的投入，全國財政支出2.82萬億元。

持續提升科技創新能力。加強基礎研究和前沿技術研究。實施國家科技重大專項，突破一些關鍵核心技術，填補了多項重大產品和裝備的空白。天宮一號目標飛行器與神舟八號飛船先后成功發射并順利交會對接，成為我國載人航天發展史上新的里程碑。

扎實推進教育公平。深入貫徹落實教育改革和發展規劃綱要。經過25年堅持不懈的努力，全面實現“兩基”目標。免除3000多萬名農村寄宿制學生住宿費，其中1228萬名中西部家庭經濟困難學生享受生活補助。建立起完整的家庭經濟困難學生資助體系。初步解決農民工隨遷子女在城市接受義務教育的問題。

推動實施“學前教育三年行動計劃”，提高幼兒入園率。大力發展職業教育。加強中小學教師培訓工作，擴大中小學教師職稱制度改革試點，提高中小學教師隊伍整體素質。首屆免費師范生全部到中小學任教，90％以上在中西部。

大力加強文化建設。中央財政加大對文化惠民工程的支持，各地對公益性文化事業投入顯著增加。擴大公共文化設施免費開

地發展潛力有序釋放；經濟發展的傳統優勢依然存在，勞動力資源豐富、素質提高；財政收支狀況良好，金融體系運行穩健，社會資金比較充裕。

世界經濟政治格局正在發生深刻變化，和平、發展、合作仍然是時代潮流，總體上有利于我國和平發展。我們要堅定信心，善于運用有利條件和積極因素，繼續抓住和用好重要戰略機遇期，推動經濟平穩較快發展，不斷增強我國的綜合國力和國際影響力。

我們要高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，堅持穩中求進，加強和改善宏觀調控，繼續處理好保持經濟平穩較快發展、調整經濟結構和管理通脹預期的關系，加快推進經濟發展方式轉變和經濟結構調整，著力擴大國內需求特別是消費需求，著力加強自主創新和節能減排，著力深化改革開放，著力保障和改善民生，全面推進社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設以及生態文明建設，努力實現經濟平穩較快發展和物價總水平基本穩定，保持社會和諧穩定，以經濟社會發展的優異成績迎接黨的十八大勝利召開。

今年經濟社會發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長7.5％；城鎮新增就業900萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率控制在4.6％以內；居民消費價格漲幅控制在4％左右；進出口總額增長10％左右，國際收支狀況繼續改善。同時，要在產業結構調

施結構性減稅。認真落實和完善支持小型微型企業和個體工商戶發展的各項稅收優惠政策，開展營業稅改征增值稅試點。繼續對行政事業性收費和政府性基金進行清理、整合和規范。加強地方政府性債務管理和風險防范。按照分類管理、區別對待、逐步化解的原則，繼續妥善處理存量債務。

進一步清理規范地方政府融資平臺公司。堅決禁止各級政府以各種形式違規擔保、承諾。同時，把短期應對措施和長期制度建設結合起來，嚴格控制地方政府新增債務，將地方政府債務收支分類納入預算管理。

繼續實施穩健的貨幣政策。按照總量適度、審慎靈活的要求，兼顧促進經濟平穩較快發展、保持物價穩定和防范金融風險。綜合運用各種貨幣政策工具，調節好貨幣信貸供求，保持社會融資規模合理增長。廣義貨幣預期增長14％。優化信貸結構，支持國家重點在建、續建項目和保障性安居工程建設，加強對符合產業政策、有市場需求的企業特別是小型微型企業的信貸支持，切實降低實體經濟融資成本。

三、2012年主要任務

（一）促進經濟平穩較快發展

擴大內需特別是消費需求是我國經濟長期平穩較快發展的根本立足點，是今年工作的重點。

著力擴大消費需求。加快構建擴大消費的長效機制。大力調整收入分配格局，增加中低收入者收入，提高居民消費能力。完

儲備和商業儲備體系，做好主要農產品收儲和投放，增強市場調控能力。

搞活流通、降低成本。嚴格執行蔬菜等鮮活農產品運輸綠色通道政策。認真落實對農產品批發市場、集貿市場、社區平價菜店等的扶持政策，鼓勵城市連鎖超市、高校、大型企業、社區與農產品流通企業、專業合作社、種養大戶對接，減少流通環節，增加零售網點，充分發揮流通主渠道作用。

深化流通體制改革。擴大物流企業營業稅差額納稅試點范圍，完善大宗商品倉儲設施用地稅收政策。調整完善部分農產品批發、零售增值稅政策，推動流通標準化、信息化建設。要多管齊下，切實把流通效率提上去、中間成本降下來，真正讓生產者和消費者都得到好處。

加強監管、規范秩序。重點加強對食品、藥品價格和醫療、通信、教育等服務收費的監督檢查，堅決治理交通運輸領域亂收費亂罰款，糾正大型零售商業企業違規收費行為，嚴厲查處發布虛假信息、囤積居奇、操縱價格、惡意炒作等違法行為。把握好輿論導向，正確引導社會預期。三）促進農業穩定發展和農民持續增收

在工業化和城鎮化發展進程中，要更加重視農業現代化。必須堅持把解決好“三農”問題作為各項工作的重中之重，進一步加大強農惠農富農政策力度，鞏固和發展農業農村好形勢。

穩定發展農業生產，多渠道增加農民收入。繼續開展糧食穩

1村水電路氣以及文化體育等基礎設施建設，推進農村環境治理，加快農村危房改造，繼續改善農村生產生活條件。

深化農村改革。堅持農村基本經營制度不動搖。要認真搞好土地確權登記頒證。土地承包經營權、宅基地使用權、集體收益分配權是法律賦予農民的財產權利，任何人都不能侵犯。加強土地承包經營權流轉管理和服務，發展適度規模經營。嚴格保護耕地。制定出臺農村集體土地征收補償條例。扶持發展農民專業合作社、產業化龍頭企業，開展多種形式的農業社會化服務，發展農業保險，提高農業產業化、組織化程度。深化農村綜合改革。推進國有農場、林場體制改革。

（四）加快轉變經濟發展方式

解決發展不平衡、不協調、不可持續的問題，關鍵在于加快轉變經濟發展方式，推進經濟結構戰略性調整，這既是一個長期過程，也是當前最緊迫的任務。

促進產業結構優化升級。推動戰略性新興產業健康發展。建立促進新能源利用的機制，加強統籌規劃、項目配套、政策引導，擴大國內需求，制止太陽能、風電等產業盲目擴張。發展新一代信息技術，加強網絡基礎設施建設，推動三網融合取得實質性進展。大力發展高端裝備制造、節能環保、生物醫藥、新能源汽車、新材料等產業。擴大技改專項資金規模，促進傳統產業改造升級。

以汽車、鋼鐵、造船、水泥等行業為重點，控制增量，優化存量，推動企業兼并重組，提高產業集中度和規模效益。落實并

3保護、退耕還林還草、退牧還草成果，加強草原生態建設，大力開展植樹造林，推進荒漠化、石漠化、坡耕地治理，嚴格保護江河源、濕地、湖泊等重要生態功能區。加強適應氣候變化特別是應對極端氣候事件能力建設，提高防災減災能力。堅持共同但有區別的責任原則和公平原則，建設性推動應對氣候變化國際談判進程。我們要用行動昭告世界，中國絕不靠犧牲生態環境和人民健康來換取經濟增長，我們一定能走出一條生產發展、生活富裕、生態良好的文明發展道路。

促進區域經濟協調發展。實施區域發展總體戰略和主體功能區規劃，充分發揮各地特色和優勢，進一步提高區域發展的協調性和基本公共服務均等化水平。認真落實西部大開發新10年的政策措施，加大實施中部地區崛起戰略的力度，加快推進東北地區等老工業基地振興，積極支持東部地區轉型發展、在更高層次上參與國際競爭與合作。要加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區和貧困地區的扶持力度。

更好地發揮經濟特區、上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區在改革開放中先行先試的重要作用。制定和實施海洋發展戰略，促進海洋經濟發展。加強和完善跨區域合作機制，消除市場壁壘，促進要素流動，引導產業有序轉移，推動區域經濟良性互動、協調發展。

積極穩妥推進城鎮化。要遵循城市發展規律，從各地實際出發，促進大中小城市和小城鎮協調發展。根據資源環境和人口承

5園等人民群眾關心的熱點難點問題。農村中小學布局要因地制宜，處理好提高教育質量和方便孩子們就近上學的關系。辦好農村寄宿學校，實施好農村義務教育學生營養改善計劃。加強校車安全管理，確保孩子們的人身安全。加強學前教育、繼續教育和特殊教育，建設現代職業教育體系。

辦好民族教育。高等教育要與經濟社會發展和國家戰略需要緊密結合，提高教育質量和創新能力。完善國家助學制度，逐步將中等職業教育免學費政策覆蓋到所有農村學生，擴大普通高中家庭經濟困難學生資助范圍。大力發展民辦教育，鼓勵和引導社會資本進入各級各類教育領域。教育寄托著人民的希望，關系國家的未來，我們一定要把這項事業辦得更好！

大力推進科技創新。加強國家創新體系建設。深化科技體制改革，推動企業成為技術創新主體，促進科技與經濟緊密結合。支持企業加強研發中心建設，承擔國家和地區重大科技項目。引導科研機構、高等院校的科研力量為企業研發中心服務，更好地實現產學研有機結合，提高科技成果轉化和產業化水平。推動基礎研究和前沿技術研究，提高原始創新能力。完善科技評價和獎勵制度。倡導學術誠信，鼓勵獨立思考，保障學術自由，弘揚科學精神。堅定不移地實施國家知識產權戰略。

全面加強人才工作。深化人才體制改革，大力培養造就高水平創新創業人才、青年人才和急需緊缺人才，引進高層次人才。完善人才培養、任用、評價、激勵機制。努力營造人才輩出、人

7件的地方可對各類社保經辦機構進行整合歸并，有些服務可委托銀行、商業保險機構代辦。加快全國統一的社會保障卡發放。

大力推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展。加快健全全民醫保體系，鞏固擴大基本醫保覆蓋面，提高基本醫療保障水平和管理服務水平。城鎮居民醫保和新農合補助標準提高到每人每年240元。全面推開尿毒癥等8類大病保障，將肺癌等12類大病納入保障和救助試點范圍。鞏固完善基本藥物制度，加強基層醫療衛生服務體系建設。

推進公立醫院改革，實行醫藥分開、管辦分開，破除以藥補醫機制。鼓勵引導社會資本辦醫，加快形成對外開放的多元辦醫格局。充分調動醫務工作者積極性，建立和諧的醫患關系。加強公共衛生服務，預防控制嚴重威脅群眾健康的重大傳染病、慢性病、職業病。加強藥品安全工作。扶持和促進中醫藥和民族醫藥事業發展。

全面做好人口和計劃生育工作。繼續穩定低生育水平，綜合治理出生人口性別比偏高問題，提高出生人口質量。加快實現計劃生育優質服務全覆蓋，將免費孕前優生健康檢查試點范圍擴大到60%的縣（市、區）。提高農村部分計劃生育家庭獎勵扶助、特殊扶助標準。加強流動人口計劃生育服務管理。

做好婦女兒童工作，擴大農村婦女宮頸癌、乳腺癌免費檢查覆蓋面，提高婦女兒童發展和權益保障水平。進一步完善殘疾人社會保障體系和服務體系。積極發展老齡事業，加快建設社會養

文化是人類的精神家園，優秀文化傳承是一個民族生生不息的血脈。要提供優質豐富的文化產品，不斷滿足人民群眾的精神文化需求。深入推進社會主義核心價值體系建設。加強社會公德、職業道德、家庭美德和個人品德教育，做好青少年思想道德教育工作，努力形成知榮辱、講正氣、守誠信、作奉獻、促和諧的良好風尚。大力發展公益性文化事業。以農村和中西部地區為重點，加強基層文化設施建設。

推動哲學社會科學繁榮發展，積極發展新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術和檔案事業。加強文化遺產保護，繁榮發展少數民族文化事業。深化文化體制改革，繼續推動經營性文化單位轉企改制。提高文化產業規模化、集約化、專業化水平，推動文化產業成為國民經濟支柱性產業。深入開展對外人文交流，促進中外文化相互借鑒。廣泛開展全民健身活動，增強人民體質，促進體育事業和體育產業協調發展。中華文化具有強大的向心力和震撼力，當代中華兒女一定要肩負起弘揚中華文化的歷史重任。

（八）深入推進重點領域改革

改革開放是決定中國前途命運的正確抉擇。必須按照科學發展觀要求，尊重群眾首創精神，大膽探索，以更大決心和勇氣繼續全面推進經濟體制、政治體制等各項改革，破解發展難題。當前和今后一段時期，改革的重點領域和關鍵環節是：

進一步轉變政府職能，完善宏觀調控體系，理順政府與市場的關系，更好地發揮市場配置資源的基礎性作用；推進財稅體制

深化價格改革。穩妥推進電價改革，實施居民階梯電價改革方案，完善水電、核電及可再生能源定價機制。逐步理順煤電價格關系。完善成品油價格改革，推進天然氣價格改革。實行最嚴格的水資源管理制度，合理制定和調整各地水資源費征收標準，推進農業水價綜合改革。開展碳排放和排污權交易試點。加快建立完善生態補償機制。

深化收入分配制度改革。抓緊制定收入分配體制改革總體方案。努力提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。完善工資制度，建立工資正常增長機制，穩步提高最低工資標準。創造條件增加居民財產性收入。建立公共資源出讓收益的全民共享機制。加大對高收入者的稅收調節力度，嚴格規范國有企業、金融機構高管人員薪酬管理，擴大中等收入者比重，提高低收入者的收入，促進機會公平。規范收入分配秩序，有效保護合法收入，堅決取締非法收入，盡快扭轉收入差距擴大的趨勢。

積極穩妥推進事業單位分類改革。科學劃分事業單位類別，分類指導、分業推進、分級組織、分步實施，深化事業單位管理體制和人事、收入分配、社會保障制度改革。

加快推進政府改革。擴大社會主義民主，依法實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監督，保障人民的知情權、參與權、表達權和監督權。全面貫徹依法治國基本方略，尊重和維護憲法和法律的權威，嚴格依法行政，堅決糾正有法不依、執法不嚴、3控制高耗能、高污染產品出口。大力發展服務貿易，承接服務外包。制定加強進口、促進貿易平衡的指導意見，完善進口政策，搭建更多的進口促進平臺，推動進出口平衡發展。

提高利用外資質量。堅持積極有效利用外資的方針，更加注重優化結構和提高質量。實施新修訂的外商投資產業指導目錄，引導外資更多投向先進制造業、高新技術產業、節能環保產業、現代服務業和中西部地區。

實施“走出去”戰略。我國正處于對外投資加快發展的重要階段，要加強宏觀指導，強化政策支持，簡化審批手續，健全服務保障。引導各類所有制企業有序開展境外能源、原材料、農業、制造業、服務業、基礎設施等領域投資合作和跨國并購。創新境外經貿合作區發展模式，支持“走出去”的企業相互協同、集群發展。放寬居民境外投資限制。加強對外投資風險管理，維護我境外企業人員和資產安全。

參與全球經濟治理和區域合作。努力保持與發達國家經貿關系穩定發展，全面深化與發展中國家的互利合作。繼續推進自貿區建設和區域經濟一體化進程。積極參與二十國集團等全球經濟治理機制建設，加強與主要經濟體宏觀經濟政策協調，反對各種形式的保護主義，繼續在多哈回合談判、國際金融體系改革中發揮建設性作用。

各位代表！我國是統一的多民族國家，各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發展，國家才能興旺發達。要堅持和完善民族區域自治

5堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，全力支持香港、澳門發展經濟，改善民生，推進民主。支持特區政府積極應對國際經濟風險挑戰，維護經濟金融穩定和長期繁榮發展。銜接和落實好支持港澳經濟社會發展的系列政策措施，大幅提升內地對港澳服務貿易開放水平，加快推進港珠澳大橋等基礎設施建設和對接，深化合作，支持港澳參與國際和區域經濟合作。

支持香港鞏固和提升國際金融、貿易、航運中心地位，建設離岸人民幣業務中心。支持澳門建設世界旅游休閑中心，推進橫琴新區建設，促進經濟適度多元發展。我們相信，有偉大祖國作為堅強后盾，香港、澳門同胞一定能夠把自己的家園建設得更加美好！

過去的一年，兩岸關系經受了嚴峻考驗，取得了積極進展。反對“臺獨”、認同“九二共識”，鞏固交流合作成果，促進兩岸關系和平發展，日益成為兩岸同胞的共同意愿。新的一年，我們要繼續堅持中央對臺工作的大政方針，增強兩岸關系發展的政治、經濟、文化和民意基礎，拓展兩岸關系和平發展新局面。

要全面深化經濟金融合作，推動兩岸經濟合作框架協議后續商談取得新進展。加快海峽西岸經濟區建設。積極擴大各界往來，開展文化、教育等交流，使兩岸同胞聯系更緊密，感情更貼近，利益更融合。全體中華兒女要更加緊密地團結起來，為完成祖國統一大業、實現中華民族偉大復興而努力奮斗！

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第三篇：2012年溫總理政府工作報告(全文)文檔

2012年溫總理政府工作報告（全文）

——2012年3月5日在第十一屆全國人民代表大會第五次會議上

國務院總理 溫家寶 各位代表： 現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請各位代表審議，并請全國政協委員提出意見。

一、2011年工作回顧 過去的一年，面對復雜多變的國際政治經濟環境和艱巨繁重的國內改革發展任務，全國各族人民在中國共產黨領導下，同心同德，團結奮進，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得新的重大成就。

國內生產總值47.2萬億元，比上年增長9.2%；公共財政收入10.37萬億元，增長 24.8%；糧食產量1.14萬億斤，再創歷史新高；城鎮新增就業1221萬人，城鎮居民人均可支配收入和農村居民人均純收入實際增長8.4%和 11.4%。我們鞏固和擴大了應對國際金融危機沖擊成果，實現了“十二五”時期良好開局。一年來，我們主要做了以下工作：

(一)加強和改善宏觀調控，遏制物價過快上漲，實現經濟平穩較快發展。我們實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，堅持正確處理保持經濟平穩較快發展、調整經濟結構和管理通脹預期的關系，更加注重把握好政策實施的重點、力度和節奏，努力做到調控審慎靈活、適時適度，不斷提高政策的針對性、靈活性和前瞻性。

在全球通脹預期不斷增強，國際市場大宗商品價格高位波動，國內要素成本明顯上升，部分農產品供給偏緊的嚴峻形勢下，我們把穩定物價總水平作為宏觀調控的首要任務，堅持綜合施策，合理運用貨幣政策工具，調節貨幣信貸增速，大力發展生產，保障供給，搞活流通，加強監管，居民消費價格指數、工業生產者出廠價格指數漲幅從8月份起逐月回落，扭轉了一度過快上漲勢頭。

下半年，世界經濟不穩定性不確定性上升，國內經濟運行出現一些新情況新問題，我們一方面堅持宏觀調控的基本取向不變，保持宏觀經濟政策基本穩定，繼續控制通貨膨脹；一方面適時適度預調微調，加強信貸政策與產業政策的協調配合，加大結構性減稅力度，重點支持實體經濟特別是小型微型企業，重點支持民生工程特別是保障性安居工程，重點保證國家重大在建、續建項目的資金需要，有針對性地解決經濟運行中的突出矛盾。

我們堅定不移地加強房地產市場調控，確保調控政策落到實處、見到實效。投機、投資性需求得到明顯抑制，多數城市房價環比下降，調控效果正在顯現。我們高度重視防范和化解財政金融領域的潛在風險隱患，及時對地方政府范文網[www.tmdps.cn]性債務進行全面審計，摸清了多年形成的地方政府性債務的總規模、形成原因、償還時限和區域分布。這些債務在經濟社會發展中發揮了積極作用，形成了大量優質資產；也存在一些風險隱患，特別是部分償債能力較弱地區存在局部性風險。我們認真開展債務清理整頓和規范工作，嚴格控制增量，積極穩妥解決債務償還和在建項目后續融資問題。目前，我國政府性債務水平是可控的、安全的。總的看，我國國民經濟繼續朝著宏觀調控預期方向發展，抗風險能力不斷增強，呈現增長較快、價格趨穩、效益較好、民生改善的良好態勢。

(二)加快轉變經濟發展方式，提高發展的協調性和產業的競爭力。我們堅持有扶有控，促進結構調整和優化升級，增強發展后勁。

鞏固和加強農業基礎。全面落實強農惠農富農政策，加大農業生產補貼力度，穩步提高糧食最低收購價，加強以農田水利為重點的農業農村基礎設施建設，開展農村土地整治，加強農業科技服務和抗災減災，中央財政“三農”支出超過1萬億元，比上年增加1839億元。農業

全面豐收，糧食總產量實現了歷史罕見的“八連增”，連續5年超萬億斤，標志著我國糧食綜合生產能力穩定躍上新臺階。

繼續推進農村危房改造，解決了6398萬農村人口的飲水困難和60萬無電地區人口的用電問題，農村生產生活條件進一步改善。加快產業結構優化升級。大力培育戰略性新興產業，新能源、新材料、生物醫藥、高端裝備制造、新能源汽車快速發展，三網融合、云計算、物聯網試點示范工作步伐加快。企業兼并重組取得新進展。

支持重點產業振興和技術改造，中央預算投資安排150億元，支持4000多個項目，帶動總投資3000億元。加快發展信息咨詢、電子商務等現代服務業，新興服務領域不斷拓寬。交通運輸產業快速發展，經濟社會發展的基礎進一步夯實。推進節能減排和生態環境保護。發布實施“十二五”節能減排綜合性工作方案、控制溫室氣體排放工作方案和加強環境保護重點工作的意見。清潔能源發電裝機達到 2.9億千瓦，比上年增加3356萬千瓦。加強重點節能環保工程建設，新增城鎮污水日處理能力1100萬噸，5000多萬千瓦新增燃煤發電機組全部安裝脫硫設施。加范文網[www.tmdps.cn]大對高耗能、高排放和產能過剩行業的調控力度，淘汰落后的水泥產能1.5億噸、煉鐵產能3122萬噸、焦炭產能1925萬噸。實施天然林保護二期工程并提高補助標準，實行草原生態保護獎補政策，開展湖泊生態環境保護試點。植樹造林9200多萬畝。

促進區域經濟協調發展。深入實施區域發展總體戰略和全國主體功能區規劃。出臺實施促進西藏、新疆等地區跨越式發展的一系列優惠政策。制定實施新10年農村扶貧開發綱要和興邊富民行動規劃。區域發展協調性進一步增強，中西部和東北地區主要經濟指標增速高于全國平均水平，東部地區產業轉型升級步伐加快。城鎮化率超過50%，這是中國社會結構的一個歷史性變化。勝利完成四川汶川特大地震災后恢復重建任務，積極推進青海玉樹、甘肅舟曲、云南盈江抗災救災和恢復重建工作。(三)大力發展社會事業，促進經濟社會協調發展。各級政府加大對科技、教育、文化、衛生、體育事業的投入，全國財政支出2.82萬億元。

持續提升科技創新能力。加強基礎研究和前沿技術研究。實施國家科技重大專項，突破一些關鍵核心技術，填補了多項重大產品和裝備的空白。天宮一號目標飛行器與神舟八號飛船先后成功發射并順利交會對接，成為我國載人航天發展史上新的里程碑。

扎實推進教育公平。深入貫徹落實教育改革和發展規劃綱要。經過25年堅持不懈的努力，全面實現“兩基”目標。免除3000多萬名農村寄宿制學生住宿費，其中1228萬名中西部家庭經濟困難學生享受生活補助。建立起完整的家庭經濟困難學生資助體系。初步解決農民工隨遷子女在城市接受義務教育的問題。

推動實施“學前教育三年行動計劃”，提高幼兒入園率。大力發展職業教育。加強中小學教師培訓工作，擴大中小學教師職稱制度改革試點，提高中小學教師隊伍整體素質。首屆免費師范生全部到中小學任教，90%以上在中西部。大力加強文化建設。中央財政加大對文化惠民工程的支持，各地對公益性文化事業投入顯著增加。擴大公共文化設施免費開放范圍，服務面逐步拓展。文化體制改革繼續推進，文化產業快速發展。文物保護、非物質文化遺產保護和傳承取得重要進展。大力加強群眾體育設施建設，全民健身活動蓬勃開展，體育事業取得新成績。積極穩妥推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展?；踞t療保險覆蓋范圍繼續擴大，13億城鄉居民參保，全民醫保體系初步形成。政策范圍內住院費用報銷比例提高，重大疾病醫療保障病種范圍進一步擴大。各級財政對城鎮居民醫保和新農合的補助標準由每人每年120元提高到200元。國家基本藥物制度在政府辦基層醫療衛生機構實現全覆蓋，基本藥物安全性提高、價格下降。公立醫院改革試點有序進行。基層醫療衛生服務體系基本建成?；竟残l生服務均等化取得新進展。(四)切實保障和改善民生，解決關系群眾切身利益的問題。我們堅持民生優先，努力使發展成果惠及全體人民，促進社會公平正義。

實施更加積極的就業政策。多渠道開發就業崗位，全力推動以創業帶動就業，加強職業技能培訓和公共就業服務體系建設。加大財政、稅收、金融等方面支持力度，著力促進高校畢業生、農民工等重點人群就業。高校畢業生初次就業率77.8%，同比提高1.2個百分點。農民工總量2.53億人，比上年增長4.4%，其中，外出農民工1.59億人，增長3.4%。

積極調整收入分配關系。著力提高低收入群眾收入。農村居民人均純收入實際增速為1985年以來最高，連續兩年快于城鎮居民；各地普遍較大幅度調高最低工資標準；連續第7年提高企業退休人員基本養老金，全年人均增加1680元，5700多萬人受益；進一步提高城鄉低保補助水平以及部分優撫對象撫恤和生活補助標準，對全國城鄉低保對象、農村五保供養對象等8600多萬名困難群眾發放一次性生活補貼；建立社會救助和保障標準與物價上漲掛鉤的聯動機制。擴大中等收入者所占比重。

個人所得稅起征點從2000元提高到3500元。降低900多萬個體工商戶稅負。中央決定將農民人均純收入2300元(2010年不變價)作為新的國家扶貧標準，比2009年提高92%，把更多農村低收入人口納入扶貧范圍，這是社會的巨大進步。加強社會保障體系建設。

社會保障覆蓋范圍繼續擴大，全國參加城鎮基本養老保險、失業保險、工傷保險和生育保險人數大幅增加。2147個縣(市、區)實施城鎮居民社會養老保險試點，1334萬人參保，641萬人領取養老金。2343個縣(市、區)開展新型農村社會養老保險試點，3.58億人參保，9880萬人領取養老金，覆蓋面擴大到60%以上。

解決了500多萬名集體企業退休人員養老保障的歷史遺留問題。將312萬名企業“老工傷”人員和工亡職工供養親屬納入工傷保險課件下載[www.tmdps.cn]統籌管理。養老保險跨地區轉移接續工作有序推進。社會保障體系不斷健全，向制度全覆蓋邁出重大步伐，這是推進基本公共服務均等化取得的重要成就。大力推進保障性安居工程建設。出臺關于保障性安居工程建設和管理的指導意見，完善財政投入、土地供應、信貸支持、稅費減免等政策，著力提高規劃建設和工程質量水平，制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和辦法。中央財政安排資金1713億元，是2010年的2.2倍，全年城鎮保障性住房基本建成432萬套，新開工建設1043萬套。努力維護社會公共安全。加強安全生產監管，做好重特大安全事故的處置、調查、問責工作。完善食品安全監管體制機制，集中打擊、整治非法添加和違法生產加工行為。堅持以人為本、服務為先，加強和創新社會管理，著力排查化解各類社會矛盾，依法打擊違法犯罪活動，保持社會和諧穩定。

(五)深入推進改革開放，為經濟社會發展注入新的活力和動力。我們按照“十二五”規劃提出的改革任務，加大攻堅力度，推動重點領域和關鍵環節的改革。

完善公共財政體系特別是預算管理制度，把預算外資金全部納入預算管理，擴大國有資本經營預算實施范圍，深化部門預算改革，推進政府預算、決算公開，98個中央部門和北京、上海、廣東、陜西等省市公開“三公經費”。在全國范圍實施原油、天然氣資源稅從價計征改革，出臺營業稅改征增值稅試點方案。把跨境貿易人民幣結算范圍擴大到全國，啟動境外直接投資人民幣結算試點，開展外商直接投資人民幣結算業務。

深化集體林權制度改革，啟動國有林場改革試點，依法開展草原承包經營登記。推進水利建設管理體制改革，創新水資源管理體制。深化國有企業改革。啟動實施電網主輔分離改革重組以及上網電價和非居民用電價格調整方案。基本完成鄉鎮機構改革。事業單位分類改革有序開展。

我們堅持出口和進口并重，利用外資和對外投資并舉，全面提升開放型經濟水平。積極推進市場多元化戰略，努力優化貿易結構。全年貨物進出口總額3.64萬億美元，增長22.5%，其中，出口增長20.3%，進口增長 24.9%，貿易順差進一步下降。實際使用外商直接投資1160

億美元，服務業和中西部地區比重提高。企業“走出去”步伐加快，非金融類對外直接投資 601億美元。積極參與國際和區域經濟合作，多邊雙邊經貿關系繼續深化。

我們在民主法制建設、國防和軍隊建設、港澳臺工作和外交工作等方面，都取得了卓有成效的進展。

過去一年的成績來之不易，顯示了中國特色社會主義的優越性和生命力，增強了中華民族的自豪感和凝聚力。這是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央科學決策、正確領導的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民齊心協力、頑強拼搏的結果。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯的感謝！

我們也清醒地看到，我國經濟社會發展仍然面臨不少困難和挑戰。從國際看，世界經濟復蘇進程艱難曲折，國際金融危機還在發展，一些國家主權債務危機短期內難以緩解。主要發達經濟體失業率居高難下，增長動力不足，新興范文網[www.tmdps.cn]經濟體面臨通貨膨脹和經濟增速回落的雙重壓力。主要貨幣匯率劇烈波動，大宗商品價格大幅震蕩。國際貿易投資保護主義強化。從國內看，解決體制性結構性矛盾，緩解發展不平衡、不協調、不可持續的問題更為迫切、難度更大，經濟運行中又出現不少新情況新問題。

主要是：經濟增長存在下行壓力，物價水平仍處高位，房地產市場調控處于關鍵階段，農業穩定發展、農民持續增收難度加大，就業總量壓力與結構性矛盾并存，一些企業特別是小型微型企業經營困難增多，部分行業產能過剩凸顯，能源消費總量增長過快。一些長期矛盾與短期問題相互交織，結構性因素和周期性因素相互作用，國內問題和國際問題相互關聯，宏觀調控面臨更加復雜的局面。政府工作仍存在一些缺點和不足，節能減排、物價調控目標沒有完成；征地拆遷、安全生產、食品藥品安全、收入分配等方面問題還很突出，群眾反映強烈；政府管理和服務水平有待提高，廉政建設亟需加強。

我們一定要以對國家和人民高度負責的精神，采取更加有力的措施，切實解決存在的問題，努力把各項工作做得更好，決不辜負人民的重托。

二、2012年工作總體部署

今年是“十二五”時期承前啟后的重要一年，也是本屆政府任期的最后一年。我們要恪盡職守、銳意進取、攻堅克難、決不懈怠，交出一份人民滿意的答卷。我國發展仍處于重要戰略機遇期，在較長時期內繼續保持經濟平穩較快發展具備不少有利條件。工業化、城鎮化和農業現代化快速推進，消費結構和產業結構升級蘊藏著巨大的需求潛力；經過30多年改革開放，我國發展建立了良好的物質基礎和體制條件，宏觀調控經驗不斷豐富，企業競爭力和抗風險能力明顯提高；東部地區創新發展能力增強，中西部地區和東北等老工業基地發展潛力有序釋放；經濟發展的傳統優勢依然存在，勞動力資源豐富、素質提高；財政收支狀況良好，金融體系運行穩健，社會資金比較充裕。

世界經濟政治格局正在發生深刻變化，和平、發展、合作仍然是時代潮流，總體上有利于我國和平發展。我們要堅定信心，善于運用有利條件和積極因素，繼續抓住和用好重要戰略機遇期，推動經濟平穩較快發展，不斷增強我國的綜合國力和國際影響力。我們要高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，堅持穩中求進，加強和改善宏觀調控，繼續處理好保持經濟平穩較快發展、調整經濟結構和管理通脹預期的關系，課件下載[www.tmdps.cn]加快推進經濟發展方式轉變和經濟結構調整，著力擴大國內需求特別是消費需求，著力加強自主創新和節能減排，著力深化改革開放，著力保障和改善民生，全面推進社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設以及生態文明建設，努力實現經濟平穩較快發展和物價總水平基本穩定，保持社會和諧穩定，以經濟社會發展的優異成績迎接黨的十八大勝利召開。今年經濟社會發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長7.5%；城鎮新增就業900萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率控制在4.6%以內；居民消費價格漲幅控制在 4%左右；進出口總額增長10%左右，國際收支狀況繼續改善。同時，要在產業結構調整、自主創新、節能減排等方面取得新進展，城鄉居民收入實際增長和經濟增長保持同步。這里要著重說明，國內生產總值增長目標略微調低，主要是要與“十二五”規劃目標逐步銜接，引導各方面把工作著力點放到加快轉變經濟發展方式、切實提高經濟發展質量和效益上來，以利于實現更長時期、更高水平、更好質量發展。提出居民消費價格漲幅控制在4%左右，綜合考慮了輸入性通脹因素、要素成本上升影響以及居民承受能力，也為價格改革預留一定空間。

綜合考慮各方面情況，要繼續實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，根據形勢變化適時適度預調微調，進一步提高政策的針對性、靈活性和前瞻性。繼續實施積極的財政政策。保持適度的財政赤字和國債規模。今年擬安排財政赤字8000億元，赤字率下降到1.5%左右，其中中央財政赤字5500億元，代發地方債2500億元。優化財政支出結構、突出重點，更加注重向民生領域傾斜，加大對教育、文化、醫療衛生、就業、社會保障、保障性安居工程等方面的投入。更加注重加強薄弱環節，加大對“三農”、欠發達地區、科技創新和節能環保、水利、地質找礦等的支持。更加注重勤儉節約，嚴格控制“三公經費”，大力精簡會議和文件，深化公務用車制度改革，進一步降低行政成本。繼續控制樓堂館所建設規模和標準，壓縮大型運動會場館建設投入。全面加強對重點領域、重點部門和重點資金的審計。實施結構性減稅。認真落實和完善支持小型微型企業和個體工商戶發展的各項稅收優惠政策，范文網[www.tmdps.cn]開展營業稅改征增值稅試點。繼續對行政事業性收費和政府性基金進行清理、整合和規范。加強地方政府性債務管理和風險防范。按照分類管理、區別對待、逐步化解的原則，繼續妥善處理存量債務。

進一步清理規范地方政府融資平臺公司。堅決禁止各級政府以各種形式違規擔保、承諾。同時，把短期應對措施和長期制度建設結合起來，嚴格控制地方政府新增債務，將地方政府債務收支分類納入預算管理。

繼續實施穩健的貨幣政策。按照總量適度、審慎靈活的要求，兼顧促進經濟平穩較快發展、保持物價穩定和防范金融風險。綜合運用各種貨幣政策工具，調節好貨幣信貸供求，保持社會融資規模合理增長。廣義貨幣預期增長14%。優化信貸結構，支持國家重點在建、續建項目和保障性安居工程建設，加強對符合產業政策、有市場需求的企業特別是小型微型企業的信貸支持，切實降低實體經濟融資成本。

繼續嚴格控制對高耗能、高污染和產能過剩行業的貸款。完善人民幣匯率形成機制，增強人民幣匯率雙向浮動彈性，保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的基本穩定。大力發展外匯市場，豐富外匯產品。為市場主體提供更多的匯率避險工具，管好用好外匯儲備。建立健全系統性金融風險防范和監管協調機制，增強抵御風險能力。加強跨境資本流動監控。規范各類借貸行為，引導民間融資健康發展。

全面做好今年的工作，必須堅持突出主題、貫穿主線、統籌兼顧、協調推進，把穩增長、控物價、調結構、惠民生、抓改革、促和諧更好地結合起來。穩增長，就是要堅持擴大內需、穩定外需，大力發展實體經濟，努力克服國內外各種不穩定不確定因素的影響，及時解決苗頭性、傾向性問題，保持經濟平穩運行?？匚飪r，就是要繼續采取綜合措施，保持物價總水平基本穩定，防止價格走勢反彈。

調結構，就是要有扶有控，提高經濟增長質量和效益，增強發展的協調性和可持續性。惠民生，就是要堅持把保障改善民生作為工作的根本出發點和落腳點，把促進社會公平正義放在更加突出的位置，切實辦成一些讓人民群眾得實惠的好事實事。抓改革，就是要以更大的決

心和氣力推進改革開放，著力解決影響經濟長期健康發展的體制性、結構性矛盾，在一些重點領域和關鍵環節取得新突破。以開放促改革、促發展、促創新。促和諧，就是要正確處理改革、發展、穩定三者關系，積極有效化解各種矛盾和風險隱患，防止局部性問題演變成全局性問題，促進社會和諧穩定。

三、2012年主要任務

(一)促進經濟平穩較快發展

擴大內需特別是消費需求是我國經濟長期平穩較快發展的根本立足點，是今年工作的重點。著力擴大消費需求。加快構建擴大消費的長效機制。大力調整收入分配格局，增加中低收入者收入，提高居民消費能力。完善鼓勵居民消費政策。大力發展社會化養老、家政、物業、醫療保健等服務業。鼓勵文化、旅游、健身等消費，落實好帶薪休假制度。積極發展網絡購物等新型消費業態。支持引導環保建材、節水潔具、節能汽車等綠色消費。擴大消費信貸。加強城鄉流通體系和道路、停車場等基礎設施建設。加強產品質量安全監管。改善消費環境，維護消費者合法權益。不斷優化投資結構。保持投資穩定增長，促進投資和消費良性互動。認真落實國務院關于鼓勵引導民間投資新36條，出臺具有可操作性的實施細則。加強政府投資對結構調整的引領作用，優先保證重點在建、續建項目，有序推進國家重大項目開工建設。把好土地、信貸、節能、環保、安全、質量等準入和審核關，加強對重大項目特別是政府和國有投資項目的監管、督查，提高投資質量和效益。(二)保持物價總水平基本穩定

這是關系群眾利益和經濟社會發展全局的重點工作。要在有效實施宏觀經濟政策、管好貨幣信貸總量、促進社會總供求基本平衡的基礎上，搞好價格調控，防止物價反彈。增加生產、保障供給。繼續把控制食品價格過快上漲作為穩定物價的重點。落實好“米袋子”省長負責制和“菜籃子”市長負責制，保障主要農產品供給。大中城市要有合理的菜地保有量，穩定和提高本地應季蔬菜自給水平，同周邊地區和優勢產區協作建設“菜籃子”產品基地。加強重要商品產運銷銜接，完善政府儲備和商業儲備體系，做好主要農產品收儲和投放，增強市場調控能力。

搞活流通、降低成本。嚴格執行蔬菜等鮮活農產品運輸綠色通道政策。認真落實對農產品批發市場、集貿市場、社區平價菜店等的扶持政策，鼓勵城市連鎖超市、高校、大型企業、社區與農產品流通企業、專業合作社、種養大戶對接，減少流通環節，增加零售網點，充分發揮流通主渠道作用。深化流通體制改革。擴大物流企業營業稅差額納稅試點范圍，完善大宗商品倉儲設施用地稅收政策。調整完善部分農產品批發、零售增值稅政策，推動流通標準化、信息化建設。要多管齊下，切實把流通效率提上去、中間成本降下來，真正讓生產者和消費者都得到好處。加強監管、規范秩序。重點加強對食品、課件下載[www.tmdps.cn]藥品價格和醫療、通信、教育等服務收費的監督檢查，堅決治理交通運輸領域亂收費亂罰款，糾正大型零售商業企業違規收費行為，嚴厲查處發布虛假信息、囤積居奇、操縱價格、惡意炒作等違法行為。把握好輿論導向，正確引導社會預期。(三)促進農業穩定發展和農民持續增收 在工業化和城鎮化發展進程中，要更加重視農業現代化。必須堅持把解決好“三農”問題作為各項工作的重中之重，進一步加大強農惠農富農政策力度，鞏固和發展農業農村好形勢。穩定發展農業生產，多渠道增加農民收入。繼續開展糧食穩定增產行動，穩定糧食種植面積，著力提高單產。引導農民調整結構，擴大緊缺、優質農產品生產，支持蔬菜、肉蛋奶、水產品等生產。農業補貼要繼續增加總量，提高標準，擴大范圍，完善機制，新增補貼重點向種養大戶、農民專業合作社及各種生產服務組織傾斜。繼續提高糧食最低收購價，今年小麥、稻谷最低收購價平均每50公斤分別提高7.4元和16元。

健全主產區利益補償機制，增加糧油、生豬等重要農產品生產大縣獎勵補助資金。實施新10年農村扶貧開發綱要，按照新的國家扶貧標準，全面做好扶貧開發工作，加大集中連片特殊困難地區扶貧開發力度，讓扶貧對象更多地分享改革發展成果。加快農業科技進步。農業的根本出路在科技。要大力推動農業科技創新，加大對良種繁育、疫病防控、農產品質量安全等關鍵技術研發和應用的支持力度。加快推進基層農技推廣服務體系改革和建設，健全鄉鎮或區域性農業公共服務機構。完善農業技術補貼制度，促進先進適用農業技術到田到戶。建好現代農業示范區，推進高產創建和標準化創建。加快農業機械化步伐。

加強農業農村基礎設施建設。今年中央財政用于“三農”的投入擬安排12287億元，比上年增加1868億元。要搞好灌區配套改造和小型農田水利建設，大力發展節水農業，加大土地開發整理復墾力度，大規模建設旱澇保收高標準基本農田。加快中小河流治理、小型水庫除險加固和山洪地質災害綜合防治。加強農村水電路氣以及文化體育等基礎設施建設，推進農村環境治理，加快農村危房改造，繼續改善農村生產生活條件。

深化農村改革。堅持農村基本經營制度不動搖。要認真搞好土地確權登記頒證。土地承包經營權、宅基地使用權、集體收益分配權是法律賦予農民的財產權利，任何人都不能侵犯。加強土地承包經營權流轉管理和服務，發展適度規模經營。嚴格保護耕地。制定出臺農村集體土地征收補償條例。扶持發展農民專業合作社、產業化龍頭企業，開展多種形式的農業社會化服務，發展農業保險，提高農業產業化、組織化程度。深化農村綜合改革。推進國有農場、林場體制改革。(四)加快轉變經濟發展方式

解決發展不平衡、不協調、不可持續的問題，關鍵在于加快轉變經濟發展方式，推進經濟結構戰略性調整，這既是一個長期過程，也是當前最緊迫的任務。

促進產業結構優化升級。推動戰略性新興產業健康發展。建立促進新能源利用的機制，加強統籌規劃、項目配套、政策引導，擴大國內需求，制止太陽能、風電等產業盲目擴張。發展新一代信息技術，加強網絡基礎設施建設，推動三網融合取得實質性進展。大力發展高端裝備制造、節能環保、生物醫藥、新能源汽車、新材料等產業。擴大技改專項資金規模，促進傳統產業改造升級。

以汽車、鋼鐵、造船、水泥等行業為重點，控制增量，優化存量，推動企業兼并重組，提高產業集中度和規模效益。落實并完善促進小型微型企業發展的政策，進一步減輕企業負擔，激發科技型小型微型企業發展活力。實施有利于服務業發展的財稅、金融政策，支持社會資本進入服務業，促進服務業發展提速、比重提高、水平提升。

推進節能減排和生態環境保護。節能減排的關鍵是節約能源，提高能效，減少污染。要抓緊制定出臺合理控制能源消費總量工作方案，加快理順能源價格體系。綜合運用經濟、法律和必要的行政手段，突出抓好工業、交通、建筑、公共機構、居民生活等重點領域和千家重點耗能企業節能減排，進一步淘汰落后產能。加強用能管理，發展智能電網和分布式能源，實施節能發電調度、合同能源管理、政府節能采購等行之有效的管理方式。

優化能源結構，推動傳統能源清潔高效利用，安全高效發展核電，積極發展水電，加快頁巖氣勘查、開發攻關，提高新能源和可再生能源比重。加強能源通道建設。深入貫徹節約資源和保護環境基本國策。開展節能認證和能效標識監督檢查，鼓勵節能、節水、節地、節材和資源綜合利用，大力發展循環經濟。加強環境保護，著力解決重金屬、飲用水源、大氣、土壤、海洋污染等關系民生的突出環境問題。努力減少農業面源污染。嚴格監管危險化學品。今年在京津冀、長三角、珠三角等重點區域以及直轄市和省會城市開展細顆粒物(PM2.5)等項目監測，2015年覆蓋所有地級以上城市。推進生態建設，促進生態保護和修復，鞏固天然林保護、退耕還林還草、退牧還草成果，加強草原生態建設，大力開展植樹造林，推進荒漠化、石漠化、坡耕地治理，嚴格保護江河源、濕地、湖泊等重要生態功能區。加強適應氣候變化特別是應對極端氣候事件能力建設，提高防災減災能力。堅持共同但有區別的責任原則

和公平原則，建設性推動應對氣候變化國際談判進程。我們要用行動昭告世界，中國絕不靠犧牲生態環境和人民健康來換取經濟增長，我們一定能走出一條生產發展、生活富裕、生態良好的文明發展道路。促進區域經濟協調發展。實施區域發展總體戰略和主體功能區規劃，充分發揮各地特色和優勢，進一步提高區域發展的協調性和基本公共服務均等化水平。認真落實西部大開發新10年的政策措施，加大實施中部地區崛起戰略的力度，加快推進東北地區等老工業基地振興，積極支持東部地區轉型發展、在更高層次上參與國際競爭與合作。要加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區和貧困地區的扶持力度。

更好地發揮經濟特區、上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區在改革開放中先行先試的重要作用。制定和實施海洋發展戰略，促進海洋經濟發展。加強和完善跨區域合作機制，消除市場壁壘，促進要素流動，引導產業有序轉移，推動區域經濟良性互動、協調發展。

積極穩妥推進城鎮化。要遵循城市發展規律，從各地實際出發，促進大中小城市和小城鎮協調發展。根據資源環境和人口承范文網[www.tmdps.cn]載能力，優化全國生產力布局，形成合理的城鎮體系和與國土規模、資源分布、發展潛力相適應的人口布局。各類城市都要夯實經濟基礎，創造就業機會，完善基礎設施，改善人居環境，加強管理服務，提升城鎮化質量和水平。

更加注重把在城鎮穩定就業和居住的農民工有序轉變為城鎮居民；放寬中小城市落戶條件，合理引導人口流向，讓更多農村富余勞動力就近轉移就業。加強對農民工的人文關懷和服務，著力解決農民工在就業服務、社會保障、子女入園上學、住房租購等方面的實際問題，逐步將城鎮基本公共服務覆蓋到農民工。關愛留守兒童、留守婦女和留守老人。讓農民無論進城還是留鄉，都能安居樂業、幸福生活。(五)深入實施科教興國戰略和人才強國戰略

大力發展科技、教育事業，培養高素質的人才隊伍，是國家強盛、民族復興的必由之路。堅持優先發展教育。中央財政已按全國財政性教育經費支出占國內生產總值的4%編制預算，地方財政也要相應安排，確保實現這一目標。教育經費要突出保障重點，加強薄弱環節，提高使用效益。深入推進教育體制改革，全面實施素質教育，逐步解決考試招生、教育教學等方面的突出問題。推進學校民主管理，逐步形成制度。促進義務教育均衡發展，資源配置要向中西部、農村、邊遠、民族地區和城市薄弱學校傾斜。繼續花大氣力推動解決擇校、入園等人民群眾關心的熱點難點問題。農村中小學布局要因地制宜，處理好提高教育質量和方便孩子們就近上學的關系。辦好農村寄宿學校，實施好農村義務教育學生營養改善計劃。加強校車安全管理，確保孩子們的人身安全。加強學前教育、繼續教育和特殊教育，建設現代職業教育體系。辦好民族教育。高等教育要與經濟社會發展和國家戰略需要緊密結合，提高教育質量和創新能力。完善國家助學制度，逐步將中等職業教育免學費政策覆蓋到所有農村學生，擴大普通高中家庭經濟困難學生資助范圍。大力發展民辦教育，鼓勵和引導社會資本進入各級各類教育領域。教育寄托著人民的希望，關系國家的未來，我們一定要把這項事業辦得更好！大力推進科技創新。加強國家創新體系建設。深化科技體制改革，推動企業成為技術創新主體，促進科技與經濟緊密結合。支持企業加強研發中心建設，承擔國家和地區重大科技項目。引導科研機構、高等院校的科研力量為企業研發中心服務，更好地實現產學研有機結合，提高科技成果轉化和產業化水平。推動基礎研究和前沿技術研究，提高原始創新能力。完善科技評價和獎勵制度。倡導學術誠信，鼓勵獨立思考，保障學術自由，弘揚科學精神。堅定不移地實施國家知識產權戰略。

全面加強人才工作。深化人才體制改革，大力培養造就高水平創新創業人才、青年人才和急需緊缺人才，引進高層次人才。完善人才培養、任用、評價、激勵機制。努力營造人才輩出、人盡其才、才盡其用的良好社會環境。(六)切實保障和改善民生

實現好、維護好、發展好最廣大人民的根本利益是以人為本理念的具體體現。要把保障和改善民生作為政府工作的重要任務。

千方百計擴大就業。就業是關系國家發展和人民福祉的大事。今年就業壓力仍然很大，各級政府務必堅持就業優先戰略，繼續實施更加積極的就業政策。重點扶持就業容量大的現代服務業、創新型科技企業和小型微型企業，創造更多就業崗位。鼓勵以創業帶動就業。抓好高校畢業生、農民工和城鎮就業困難人員就業，加強退役軍人技能培訓與就業安置工作。鼓勵高校畢業生投身農村、基層、中西部地區建設。加強職業培訓和公共就業服務工作。加快建立健全統一規范靈活的人力資源市場。積極構建和諧勞動關系，加強對勞務派遣的規范管理，開展勞動關系爭議排查，加強勞動監察和調解仲裁，維護勞動者合法權益。加快完善社會保障體系。今年年底前實現新型農村社會養老保險和城鎮居民社會養老保險制度全覆蓋。擴大各項社會保險覆蓋面。增加企業退休人員基本養老金。加強城鄉低保和社會救助工作，加快發展社會福利事課件下載[www.tmdps.cn]業和慈善事業。加強各項社會保障制度銜接。多渠道增加社會保障基金，加強社會保險基金、社會保障基金投資監管，實現保值增值。加強社保服務能力建設，有條件的地方可對各類社保經辦機構進行整合歸并，有些服務可委托銀行、商業保險機構代辦。加快全國統一的社會保障卡發放。大力推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展。加快健全全民醫保體系，鞏固擴大基本醫保覆蓋面，提高基本醫療保障水平和管理服務水平。城鎮居民醫保和新農合補助標準提高到每人每年240元。全面推開尿毒癥等8類大病保障，將肺癌等12類大病納入保障和救助試點范圍。鞏固完善基本藥物制度，加強基層醫療衛生服務體系建設。推進公立醫院改革，實行醫藥分開、管辦分開，破除以藥補醫機制。鼓勵引導社會資本辦醫，加快形成對外開放的多元辦醫格局。充分調動醫務工作者積極性，建立和諧的醫患關系。加強公共衛生服務，預防控制嚴重威脅群眾健康的重大傳染病、慢性病、職業病。加強藥品安全工作。扶持和促進中醫藥和民族醫藥事業發展。

全面做好人口和計劃生育工作。繼續穩定低生育水平，綜合治理出生人口性別比偏高問題，提高出生人口質量。加快實現計劃生育優質服務全覆蓋，將免費孕前優生健康檢查試點范圍擴大到60%的縣(市、區)。提高農村部分計劃生育家庭獎勵扶助、特殊扶助標準。加強流動人口計劃生育服務管理。

做好婦女兒童工作，擴大農村婦女宮頸癌、乳腺癌免費檢查覆蓋面，提高婦女兒童發展和權益保障水平。進一步完善殘疾人社會保障體系和服務體系。積極發展老齡事業，加快建設社會養老服務體系，努力讓城鄉老年人都老有所養，幸福安度晚年。繼續搞好房地產市場調控和保障性安居工程建設。嚴格執行并逐步完善抑制投機、投資性需求的政策措施，進一步鞏固調控成果，促進房價合理回歸。繼續推進保障性安居工程建設，在確保質量的前提下，基本建成500萬套，新開工700萬套以上。抓緊完善保障性住房建設、分配、管理、退出等制度。采取范文網[www.tmdps.cn]有效措施，增加普通商品住房供給。加快建設城鎮住房信息系統，改革房地產稅收制度，促進房地產市場長期平穩健康發展。加強和創新社會管理。加強社會矛盾化解、社會管理創新、公正廉潔執法。強化政府社會管理和公共服務職能。提高城鄉基層群眾性自治組織的自治能力。積極穩妥推進戶籍管理制度改革，推動實行居住證制度，為流動人口提供更好服務。以信息共享、互聯互通為重點，加快建設國家電子政務網。大力推進政務誠信、商務誠信、社會誠信建設，構建覆蓋全社會的征信系統。

加強和改進互聯網管理，營造健康的網絡環境。健全重大決策社會穩定風險評估機制和突發事件應急管理機制。實施安全發展戰略，加強安全生產監管，防止重特大事故發生。深入開

展打擊侵犯知識產權和制售假冒偽劣商品行動。增強食品安全監管能力，提高食品安全水平。加強和改進信訪工作。加強法律服務和法律援助。嚴密防范和依法打擊違法犯罪活動，保障人民群眾生命財產安全。

(七)促進文化大發展大繁榮文化是人類的精神家園，優秀文化傳承是一個民族生生不息的血脈。要提供優質豐富的文化產品，不斷滿足人民群眾的精神文化需求。深入推進社會主義核心價值體系建設。加強社會公德、職業道德、家庭美德和個人品德教育，做好青少年思想道德教育工作，努力形成知榮辱、講正氣、守誠信、作奉獻、促和諧的良好風尚。大力發展公益性文化事業。以農村和中西部地區為重點，加強基層文化設施建設。

推動哲學社會科學繁榮發展，積極發展新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術和檔案事業。加強文化遺產保護，繁榮發展少數民族文化事業。深化文化體制改革，繼續推動經營性文化單位轉企改制。提高文化產業規模化、集約化、專業化水平，推動文化產業成為國民經濟支柱性產業。深入開展對外人文交流，促進中外文化相互借鑒。廣泛開展全民健身活動，增強人民體質，促進體育事業和體育產業協調發展。中華文化具有強大的向心力和震撼力，當代中華兒女一定要肩負起弘揚中華文化的歷史重任。(八)深入推進重點領域改革

改革開放是決定中國前途命運的正確抉擇。必須按照科學發展觀要求，尊重群眾首創精神，大膽探索，以更大決心和勇氣繼續全面推進經濟體制、政治體制等各項改革，破解發展難題。當前和今后一段時期，改革的重點領域和關鍵環節是：

進一步轉變政府職能，完善宏觀調控體系，理順政府與市場的關系，更好地發揮市場配置資源的基礎性作用；推進財稅體制改革，理順中央與地方及地方各級政府間財政分配關系，更好地調動中央和地方兩個積極性；深化土地、戶籍、公共服務改革，理順城市與農村的關系，推動工業化、城鎮化和農業現代化協調發展；推進社會事業、收入分配等改革，理順經濟與社會發展的關系，有效保障社會公平正義；推進依法行政和社會管理創新，理順政府與公民和社會組織的關系，建設服務、責任、法治、廉潔政府。

今年改革的重點任務是：深化財稅金融體制改革。完善分稅制，健全轉移支付制度，提高一般性轉移支付規模和比例。完善縣級基本財力保障機制。穩步推進地方財政預算、決算公開。深化國庫集中收付、政府采購及國債管理制度改革。健全消費稅制度。全面深化資源稅改革，擴大從價計征范圍。深入推進國有控股大型金融機構改革，規范發展小型金融機構，健全服務小型微型企業和“三農” 的體制機制。推動多種所有制經濟共同發展。毫不動搖地鞏固和發展公有制經濟，毫不動搖地鼓勵、支持、引導非公有制經濟發展。深入推進國有經濟戰略性調整，完善國有資本有進有退、合理流動機制。研究推進鐵路、電力等行業改革。完善和落實促進非公有制經濟發展的各項政策措施，打破壟斷，放寬準入，鼓勵民間資本進入鐵路、市政、金融、能源、電信、教育、醫療等領域，營造各類所有制經濟公平競爭、共同發展的環境。

深化價格改革。穩妥推進電價改革，實施居民階梯電價改革方案，完善水電、核電及可再生能源定價機制。逐步理順煤電價格關系。完善成品油價格改革，推進天然氣價格改革。實行最嚴格的水資源管理制度，合理制定和調整各地水資源費征收標準，推進農業水價綜合改革。開展碳排放和排污權交易試點。加快建立完善生態補償機制。深化收入分配制度改革。抓緊制定收入分配體制改革總體方案。努力提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。完善工資制度，建立工資正常增長機制，穩步提高最低工資標準。創造課件下載[www.tmdps.cn]條件增加居民財產性收入。建立公共資源出讓收益的全民共享機制。加大對高收入者的稅收調節力度，嚴格規范國有企業、金融機構高管人員薪酬管理，擴大中等收入者比重，提高低收入者的收入，促進機會公平。規范收入分配秩序，有效保護合法收入，堅決取締非法收入，盡快扭轉收入差距擴大的趨勢。

積極穩妥推進事業單位分類改革?？茖W劃分事業單位類別，分類指導、分業推進、分級組織、分步實施，深化事業單位管理體制和人事、收入分配、社會保障制度改革。

加快推進政府改革。擴大社會主義民主，依法實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監督，保障人民的知情權、參與權、表達權和監督權。全面貫徹依法治國基本方略，尊重和維護憲法和法律的權威，嚴格依法行政，堅決糾正有法不依、執法不嚴、違法不究、粗暴執法、瀆職失職和執法腐敗等行為。

加強廉政建設，深入開展反腐敗斗爭，扎實推進懲治和預防腐敗體系建設的各項長期性、基礎性工作，著力解決人民群眾反映強烈的突出問題。嚴格依法設定、實施、清理、規范行政審批事項。嚴禁領導干部插手政府采購、工程招標、土地礦業權拍賣等經濟活動。嚴格執行領導干部廉潔從政各項規定。加強行政監督、民主監督、輿論監督。堅決查處各類違紀違法案件，嚴厲懲治腐敗分子。

(九)努力提高對外開放的質量和水平

我國對外開放已進入新的階段，進出口貿易、雙向投資的地位和作用發生了深刻變化。必須適應新的形勢，創新對外經濟工作思路，轉變對外經濟發展方式，提升開放型經濟水平，形成開放型經濟新格局。保持對外貿易穩定發展。我們強調擴大內需，但決不能忽視外需對我國經濟發展的重要作用。要保持外貿政策基本穩定。穩定出口退稅政策，擴大貿易融資和信用保險，改進海關、質檢、外匯等方面的監管和服務，幫助企業克服范文網[www.tmdps.cn]訂單不足、成本升高、摩擦增多等多重困難和壓力。要加快轉變外貿發展方式。深入實施科技興貿、以質取勝和市場多元化戰略，支持企業培育自主品牌、營銷網絡和研發中心，引導加工貿易向產業鏈高端延伸、向中西部轉移。鞏固美日歐傳統市場，開拓新興市場。穩定勞動密集型產品出口，擴大高技術、高附加值產品出口，控制高耗能、高污染產品出口。大力發展服務貿易，承接服務外包。制定加強進口、促進貿易平衡的指導意見，完善進口政策，搭建更多的進口促進平臺，推動進出口平衡發展。

提高利用外資質量。堅持積極有效利用外資的方針，更加注重優化結構和提高質量。實施新修訂的外商投資產業指導目錄，引導外資更多投向先進制造業、高新技術產業、節能環保產業、現代服務業和中西部地區。

實施“走出去”戰略。我國正處于對外投資加快發展的重要階段，要加強宏觀指導，強化政策支持，簡化審批手續，健全服務保障。引導各類所有制企業有序開展境外能源、原材料、農業、制造業、服務業、基礎設施等領域投資合作和跨國并購。創新境外經貿合作區發展模式，支持“走出去”的企業相互協同、集群發展。放寬居民境外投資限制。加強對外投資風險管理，維護我境外企業人員和資產安全。參與全球經濟治理和區域合作。努力保持與發達國家經貿關系穩定發展，全面深化與發展中國家的互利合作。繼續推進自貿區建設和區域經濟一體化進程。積極參與二十國集團等全球經濟治理機制建設，加強與主要經濟體宏觀經濟政策協調，反對各種形式的保護主義，繼續在多哈回合談判、國際金融體系改革中發揮建設性作用。

各位代表！我國是統一的多民族國家，各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發展，國家才能興旺發達。要堅持和完善民族區域自治制度，認真貫徹落實中央支持少數民族和民族地區發展的政策措施，大力實施扶持人口較少民族發展、推進興邊富民行動和發展少數民族事業規劃。堅定不移地鞏固和發展平等團結互助和諧的社會主義民族關系。

認真貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針。維護宗教團體、宗教界人士和信教群眾的合法權益，充分發揮他們在促進經濟發展、文化繁榮、社會和諧中的積極作用。全面貫徹黨的僑務政策。維護海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷合法權益，支持他們積極參與祖國現代化建設與和平統一大業。各位代表！鞏固的國防和強大的軍隊，是維護國家主權、安全和發展利益的堅強后盾。要著

眼全面履行新世紀新階段軍隊歷史使命，全面加強軍隊革命化現代化正規化建設，不斷提高以打贏信息化條件下局部戰爭能力為核心的完成多樣化軍事任務的能力。加強思想政治建設，堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導的根本原則和人民軍隊的根本宗旨。積極開展信息化條件下軍事訓練。

加快全面建設現代后勤步伐。大力提高國防科技和武器裝備自主創新能力。著力培養高素質新型軍事人才。積極穩妥地實施國防和軍隊改革。堅持依法治軍、從嚴治軍。全面建設現代化武裝警察力量。加強國防動員和后備力量建設。堅決完成反恐維穩、處置突發事件、搶險救災等任務。堅持軍民結合、寓軍于民，走中國特色軍民融合式發展路子。鞏固發展軍政軍民團結。

各位代表！香港、澳門與祖國休戚相關、榮辱與共。我們將堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，全力支持香港、澳門發展經濟，改善民生，推進民主。支持特區政府積極應對國際經濟風險挑戰，維護經濟金融穩定和長期繁榮發展。銜接和落實好支持港澳經濟社會發展的系列政策措施，大幅提升內地對港澳服務貿易開放水平，加快推進港珠澳大橋等基礎設施建設和課件下載[www.tmdps.cn]對接，深化合作，支持港澳參與國際和區域經濟合作。

支持香港鞏固和提升國際金融、貿易、航運中心地位，建設離岸人民幣業務中心。支持澳門建設世界旅游休閑中心，推進橫琴新區建設，促進經濟適度多元發展。我們相信，有偉大祖國作為堅強后盾，香港、澳門同胞一定能夠把自己的家園建設得更加美好！過去的一年，兩岸關系經受了嚴峻考驗，取得了積極進展。反對“臺獨”、認同“九二共識”，鞏固交流合作成果，促進兩岸關系和平發展，日益成為兩岸同胞的共同意愿。新的一年，我們要繼續堅持中央對臺工作的大政方針，增強兩岸關系發展的政治、經濟、文化和民意基礎，拓展兩岸關系和平發展新局面。要全面深化經濟金融合作，推動兩岸經濟合作框架協議后續商談取得新進展。加快海峽西岸經濟區建設。積極擴大各界往來，開展文化、教育等交流，使兩岸同胞聯系更緊密，感情更貼近，利益更融合。全體中華兒女要更加緊密地團結起來，為完成祖國統一大業、實現中華民族偉大復興而努力奮斗！

各位代表！新的一年，外交工作要更好地服務于改革開放和社會主義現代化建設大局，為促進世界經濟增長、維護和平穩定作出更大貢獻。我們將繼續深化同周邊國家的睦鄰友好關系，積極參與周邊各種合作機制，推動區域合作深入發展，共同營造和平穩定、平等互信、合作共贏的地區環境。我們將與廣大發展中國家加強團結合作，深化傳統友誼，擴大互利合作，推動實現聯合國千年發展目標，維護發展中國家的正當權益和共同利益。

我們將加強與各大國的戰略對話，增進戰略互信，拓展合作領域，推進相互關系長期穩定健康發展。我們將積極參與多邊事務和全球治理，推動國際秩序朝著更加公正合理的方向發展。我們將堅定不移地走和平發展道路，堅范文網[www.tmdps.cn]持獨立自主的和平外交政策，奉行互利共贏的開放戰略，同世界各國一道，為促進人類文明進步，增進各國人民的福祉和建設一個持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界而不懈努力！

各位代表！回顧過去，我們拼搏奮進，取得顯著成就；展望未來，我們任重道遠，仍須不懈努力。讓我們緊密團結在以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央周圍，解放思想，開拓創新，扎實工作，奮力開創社會主義現代化建設新局面！

第四篇：2012年溫總理政府工作報告全文

2012年溫總理政府工作報告全文（雙語對照）

第十一屆全國人民代表大會第五次會議在人民大會堂開幕，聽取國務院總理溫家寶作政府工作報告，審查計劃報告和預算報告。以下為十一屆全國人大五次會議開幕會及政府工作報告全文：

各位代表：現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請各位代表審議，并請全國政協委員提出意見。Fellow Deputies, on behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval and for comments and suggestions from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、2011年工作回顧 I.Review of Work in 2011

過去的一年，面對復雜多變的國際政治經濟環境和艱巨繁重的國內改革發展任務，全國各族人民在中國共產黨領導下，同心同德，團結奮進，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得新的重大成就。Last year, China faced a complex and volatile political and economic environment abroad and arduous and challenging reform and development tasks at home.Working hard with one heart and one mind under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), the Chinese people of all ethnic groups made significant achievements in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.國內生產總值47.2萬億元，比上年增長9.2%；公共財政收入10.37萬億元，增長24.8%；糧食產量1.14萬億斤，再創歷史新高；城鎮新增就業1221萬人，城鎮居民人均可支配收入和農村居民人均純收入實際增長8.4%和11.4%。我們鞏固和擴大了應對國際金融危機沖擊成果，實現了“十二五”時期良好開局。China's GDP reached 47.2 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.2% over the previous year;government revenue was 10.37 trillion yuan, an increase of 24.8%;and the country's grain output reached a record high of 571.21 million tons.A total of 12.21 million new urban jobs were created.The per capita disposable income of urban residents and the per capita net income of rural residents rose in real terms by 8.4% and 11.4%, respectively.We consolidated and built upon our achievements in responding to the global financial crisis, and got the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period off to a good start.一年來，我們主要做了以下工作： We accomplished the following in our work last year.(一)加強和改善宏觀調控，遏制物價過快上漲，實現經濟平穩較快發展。1.Strengthening and improving macro-control, preventing fast price rises, and achieving steady and robust economic development

我們實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，堅持正確處理保持經濟平穩較快發展、調整經濟結構和管理通脹預期的關系，更加注重把握好政策實施的重點、力度和節奏，努力做到調控審慎靈活、適時適度，不斷提高政策的針對性、靈活性和前瞻性。We followed a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, and maintained a balance between ensuring steady and robust economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations.We paid greater attention to implementing policies with the proper focus, force, and pace;conducted prudent and flexible macro-control on a moderate scale and in a timely fashion;and constantly made our policies more targeted, flexible, and forward-looking.在全球通脹預期不斷增強，國際市場大宗商品價格高位波動，國內要素成本明顯上升，部分農產品供給偏緊的嚴峻形勢下，我們把穩定物價總水平作為宏觀調控的首要任務，堅持綜合施策，合理運用貨幣政策工具，調節貨幣信貸增速，大力發展生產，保障供給，搞活流通，加強監管，居民消費價格指數、工業生產者出廠價格指數漲幅從8月份起逐月回落，扭轉了一度過快上漲勢頭。Amid worsening inflation expectations worldwide, fluctuating and high prices of major commodities on the world market, significantly higher costs of factors of production at home, and a shortage of some agricultural products, we made ensuring general price stability our top priority in macro-control, pursued policies in an integrated way, rationally used monetary policy tools to regulate the supplies of money and credit, vigorously developed production to ensure supply, boosted distribution, and strengthened supervision.As a result, increases in the consumer price index(CPI)and the producer price index(PPI)began falling in August, thus reversing the trend of rapid inflation.下半年，世界經濟不穩定性不確定性上升，國內經濟運行出現一些新情況新問題，我們一方面堅持宏觀調控的基本取向不變，保持宏觀經濟政策基本穩定，繼續控制通貨膨脹；一方面適時適度預調微調，加強信貸政策與產業政策的協調配合，加大結構性減稅力度，重點支持實體經濟特別是小型微型企業，重點支持民生工程特別是保障性安居工程，重點保證國家重大在建、續建項目的資金需要，有針對性地解決經濟運行中的突出矛盾。In the second half of the year, when the global economy faced greater instability and uncertainty and when new developments and problems occurred in China's economy, we kept the basic orientation of macro-control unchanged, maintained the basic continuity of our macroeconomic policies, and continued to curb inflation.In addition, we carried out timely and appropriate anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning, strengthened coordination between credit and industrial policies, and increased structural tax reductions.We focused on supporting the real economy, especially small and micro businesses;improving the people's wellbeing, especially by building low-income housing projects;and ensuring funding for key projects that are under construction or expansion.These well-targeted measures were taken to solve major economic problems.我們堅定不移地加強房地產市場調控，確保調控政策落到實處、見到實效。投機、投資性需求得到明顯抑制，多數城市房價環比下降，調控效果正在顯現。我們高度重視防范和化解財政金融領域的潛在風險隱患，及時對地方政府性債務進行全面審計，摸清了多年形成的地方政府性債務的總規模、形成原因、償還時限和區域分布。這些債務在經濟社會發展中發揮了積極作用，形成了大量優質資產；也存在一些風險隱患，特別是部分償債能力較弱地區存在局部性風險。We steadfastly tightened regulation of the real estate market and ensured that control policies were fully carried out and achieved real progress.Consequently, speculative or investment-driven housing demand has been significantly curbed, housing prices in most Chinese cities have fallen month on month, and the results of our control measures are beginning to show.We attached great importance to guarding against and eliminating latent risks which exist in the banking and public finance sectors.We fully audited local government debt in a timely manner, and obtained a clear picture of the total amount, due dates, geographic distribution, and causes of the debts local governments incurred over the years.These debts have played a positive role in promoting economic and social development and produced a large amount of quality assets.However, they also contained risks and hidden dangers, and some localities with poor ability to pay their debts were at risk of default.我們認真開展債務清理整頓和規范工作，嚴格控制增量，積極穩妥解決債務償還和在建項目后續融資問題。目前，我國政府性債務水平是可控的、安全的?？偟目矗覈鴩窠洕^續朝著宏觀調控預期方向發展，抗風險能力不斷增強，呈現增長較快、價格趨穩、效益較好、民生改善的良好態勢。We sorted out and standardized these debts, imposed a cap on their increase, and actively yet prudently solved problems related to the repayment of such debts and additional funding for ongoing projects.Government debt in China now is at a controllable and secure level.China's economy as a whole continues to grow as we anticipated in our exercise of macro-controls and has become more resilient.Economic growth is robust, prices are stabilizing, economic returns are good, and the people's wellbeing is improving.(二)加快轉變經濟發展方式，提高發展的協調性和產業的競爭力。2.Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and making development more coordinated and industries more competitive.我們堅持有扶有控，促進結構調整和優化升級，增強發展后勁。We supported development in some areas while limiting growth in others, and carried out economic structural adjustments and upgrading to increase the sustainability of development.鞏固和加強農業基礎。全面落實強農惠農富農政策，加大農業生產補貼力度，穩步提高糧食最低收購價，加強以農田水利為重點的農業農村基礎設施建設，開展農村土地整治，加強農業科技服務和抗災減災，中央財政“三農”支出超過1萬億元，比上年增加1839億元。農業全面豐收，糧食總產量實現了歷史罕見的“八連增”，連續5年超萬億斤，標志著我國糧食綜合生產能力穩定躍上新臺階。We consolidated and strengthened the agricultural foundation.We fully implemented the policy of strengthening agriculture, benefitting farmers, and enriching rural areas.We increased subsidies for agricultural production, and the minimum purchase price for grain rose steadily.We strengthened agricultural and rural infrastructure, with priority given to irrigation and water conservancy projects, improved rural land, increased scientific and technological services for agriculture, and improved our ability to respond to and mitigate natural disasters.Central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers exceeded one trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 183.9 billion yuan.We had a bumper harvest in all sectors of agriculture.China's grain output increased for the eighth consecutive year, which has rarely been seen in history.Grain output in each of the past five years has exceeded 500 million tons, which shows that China's overall grain production capacity has reached a new level.繼續推進農村危房改造，解決了6398萬農村人口的飲水困難和60萬無電地區人口的用電問題，農村生產生活條件進一步改善。We continued to renovate dilapidated houses in rural areas, ensured the safety of potable water for 63.98 million additional rural residents, delivered electricity to 600,000 people in areas that had no power supply, and further improved rural working and living conditions.加快產業結構優化升級。大力培育戰略性新興產業，新能源、新材料、生物醫藥、高端裝備制造、新能源汽車快速發展，三網融合、云計算、物聯網試點示范工作步伐加快。企業兼并重組取得新進展。We accelerated the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure.We energetically fostered strategic emerging industries and accelerated development of new energy, new materials, biomedicines, high-end equipment manufacturing and new-energy vehicles, and we sped up pilot projects and demonstrations for integrating the telecommunications network, the radio and television broadcasting network, and the Internet, along with the development of cloud computing and the Internet of Things.We made progress in enterprise mergers and reorganizations.支持重點產業振興和技術改造，中央預算投資安排150億元，支持4000多個項目，帶動總投資3000億元。加快發展信息咨詢、電子商務等現代服務業，新興服務領域不斷拓寬。交通運輸產業快速發展，經濟社會發展的基礎進一步夯實。We allocated 15 billion yuan from the central government budget to support more than 4,000 projects to boost key industries and upgrade their technologies.This seed capital attracted a total investment of 300 billion yuan.We accelerated the development of information consulting, e-commerce and other modern service industries, and expanded new service areas.The transportation industry developed quickly, thereby further strengthening the foundation for China's economic and social development.推進節能減排和生態環境保護。發布實施“十二五”節能減排綜合性工作方案、控制溫室氣體排放工作方案和加強環境保護重點工作的意見。清潔能源發電裝機達到2.9億千瓦，比上年增加3356萬千瓦。加強重點節能環保工程建設，新增城鎮污水日處理能力1100萬噸，5000多萬千瓦新增燃煤發電機組全部安裝脫硫設施。加大對高耗能、高排放和產能過剩行業的調控力度，淘汰落后的水泥產能1.5億噸、煉鐵產能3122萬噸、焦炭產能1925萬噸。We made progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting the ecological environment.We adopted and implemented the Comprehensive Work Plan for Conserving Energy and Reducing Emissions and the Work Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions for the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, and the Guidelines on Strengthening Key Environmental Protection Tasks.The installed power capacity using clean energy reached 290 million kW, an increase of 33.56 million kW over the previous year.We strengthened the development of major energy conservation and environmental protection projects.We increased daily sewage treatment capacity by 11 million tons in urban areas, and installed desulphurization systems on all new coal-fired power-generating units with a total capacity of over 50 million kW.We tightened controls over industries that are energy intensive, have high emissions or possess excess production capacity, and closed down outdated production facilities whose production capacity amounted to 150 million tons of cement, 31.22 million tons of iron, and 19.25 million tons of coke.實施天然林保護二期工程并提高補助標準，實行草原生態保護獎補政策，開展湖泊生態環境保護試點。植樹造林9200多萬畝。We implemented the second phase of the project to protect virgin forests and raised related subsidies, carried out the policy of giving rewards and subsidies for grassland ecological conservation, and launched pilot projects to protect the ecological environment of lakes.And we planted 6.13 million hectares of trees.促進區域經濟協調發展。深入實施區域發展總體戰略和全國主體功能區規劃。出臺實施促進西藏、新疆等地區跨越式發展的一系列優惠政策。制定實施新10年農村扶貧開發綱要和興邊富民行動規劃。區域發展協調性進一步增強，中西部和東北地區主要經濟指標增速高于全國平均水平，東部地區產業轉型升級步伐加快。We promoted the balanced development of regional economies.We thoroughly implemented the master strategy for regional development and the national plan for developing functional zones.We introduced preferential policies to promote the leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang;and formulated and implemented a rural poverty alleviation and development program for the next ten years and an action plan to bring prosperity to border areas and the people there.As a result, regional development became better balanced, major economic indicators rose faster in the central and western regions and northeast China than the national average, and the eastern region accelerated industrial transformation and upgrading.城鎮化率超過50%，這是中國社會結構的一個歷史性變化。勝利完成四川汶川特大地震災后恢復重建任務，積極推進青海玉樹、甘肅舟曲、云南盈江抗災救災和恢復重建工作。China's urbanization level exceeded 50%, marking a historic change in the country's social structure.We completed reconstruction in Wenchuan, Sichuan, which was hit by a massive earthquake in 2008, and made major progress in disaster relief and reconstruction in Yushu, Qinghai;Zhugqu, Gansu;and Yingjiang, Yunnan.(三)大力發展社會事業，促進經濟社會協調發展。3.Developing social services and promoting balanced economic and social development。

各級政府加大對科技、教育、文化、衛生、體育事業的投入，全國財政支出2.82萬億元。Governments at all levels increased spending on science and technology, education, culture, health, and sports programs, with the total amount reaching 2.82 trillion yuan.持續提升科技創新能力。加強基礎研究和前沿技術研究。實施國家科技重大專項，突破一些關鍵核心技術，填補了多項重大產品和裝備的空白。天宮一號目標飛行器與神舟八號飛船先后成功發射并順利交會對接，成為我國載人航天發展史上新的里程碑。[/cn] We continued to enhance China's scientific and technological innovation capabilities.We strengthened basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies.We carried out major national research and development projects, made breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and filled in many gaps in important products and technologies.The Tiangong-1 space module and the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft were launched, and Shenzhou-8 successfully docked with Tiangong-1, marking a new milestone in China's development of manned spaceflights.[cn]扎實推進教育公平。深入貫徹落實教育改革和發展規劃綱要。經過25年堅持不懈的努力，全面實現“兩基”目標。免除3000多萬名農村寄宿制學生住宿費，其中1228萬名中西部家庭經濟困難學生享受生活補助。建立起完整的家庭經濟困難學生資助體系。初步解決農民工隨遷子女在城市接受義務教育的問題。

We made solid progress in making education more equitable.We thoroughly implemented the Plan for Education Reform and Development.Thanks to tireless efforts over the past 25 years, we have fully attained the goals of making nine-year compulsory education universally available and basically eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults.Over 30 million rural boarding school students were exempted from accommodation expenses, and 12.28 million of them who are from poor families in the central and western regions received living allowances.A comprehensive system for providing aid to students from poor families was put in place.The children of rural migrant workers were generally granted access to compulsory education in cities where they live.推動實施“學前教育三年行動計劃”，提高幼兒入園率。大力發展職業教育。加強中小學教師培訓工作，擴大中小學教師職稱制度改革試點，提高中小學教師隊伍整體素質。首屆免費師范生全部到中小學任教，90%以上在中西部。A three-year action plan for preschool education was carried out, and the number of children enrolled in preschool increased.We vigorously developed vocational education.We strengthened training of primary and secondary school teachers, expanded trials of reforming the system of conferring professional titles on them, and raised their overall quality.All the graduates of 2011 who received tuition-free education in teachers' colleges and universities went to teach in primary and secondary schools, with over 90% of them working in central and western China.大力加強文化建設。中央財政加大對文化惠民工程的支持，各地對公益性文化事業投入顯著增加。擴大公共文化設施免費開放范圍，服務面逐步拓展。文化體制改革繼續推進，文化產業快速發展。文物保護、非物質文化遺產保護和傳承取得重要進展。大力加強群眾體育設施建設，全民健身活動蓬勃開展，體育事業取得新成績。We vigorously strengthened development of the cultural sector.The central government increased financial support for cultural programs that benefit the people, and local governments significantly increased spending on nonprofit cultural programs.We increased the number of public cultural facilities open to the public free of charge, and steadily expanded their services.We continued to reform the cultural system, and cultural industries developed rapidly.Major progress was made in protecting cultural relics and in protecting and passing on China's intangible cultural heritage.We put great effort into building public sports facilities, vigorously developed fitness activities across the country, and made new achievements in sports activities.積極穩妥推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展?；踞t療保險覆蓋范圍繼續擴大，13億城鄉居民參保，全民醫保體系初步形成。政策范圍內住院費用報銷比例提高，重大疾病醫療保障病種范圍進一步擴大。各級財政對城鎮居民醫保和新農合的補助標準由每人每年120元提高到200元。國家基本藥物制度在政府辦基層醫療衛生機構實現全覆蓋，基本藥物安全性提高、價格下降。公立醫院改革試點有序進行。基層醫療衛生服務體系基本建成?；竟残l生服務均等化取得新進展。We actively yet prudently carried out reform and development of medical and healthcare services.We further expanded coverage of basic medical insurance, so that now 1.3 billion urban and rural residents are covered.A medical insurance system that covers the whole population is emerging.We raised the reimbursement rate for hospitalization expenses covered by relevant policies, and expanded the range of major diseases for which medical treatment is insured.Governments at all levels increased per-person subsidies for the medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system from 120 yuan per year to 200 yuan per year.We implemented the national system for basic drugs in all community-level medical and health care institutions run by the government, and basic drugs became safer and more affordable.We progressed in an orderly fashion with trials of reforming public hospitals, basically established a community medical and health care service system, and made progress in providing equal access to basic public health services.(四)切實保障和改善民生，解決關系群眾切身利益的問題。4.Ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing and solving problems that affect their interests.我們堅持民生優先，努力使發展成果惠及全體人民，促進社會公平正義。We continued to put the people's wellbeing first, worked hard to bring the benefit of development to all, and promoted social fairness and justice.實施更加積極的就業政策。多渠道開發就業崗位，全力推動以創業帶動就業，加強職業技能培訓和公共就業服務體系建設。加大財政、稅收、金融等方面支持力度，著力促進高校畢業生、農民工等重點人群就業。高校畢業生初次就業率77.8%，同比提高1.2個百分點。農民工總量2.53億人，比上年增長4.4%，其中，外出農民工1.59億人，增長3.4%。We implemented a more active employment policy.We created jobs through a variety of channels, expanded job opportunities through the creation of new businesses, strengthened vocational skills training, and improved the public employment service system.We increased fiscal, taxation, and financial support to promote employment of university graduates, rural migrant workers, and other key groups.The employment rate for college graduates reached 77.8%, an increase of 1.2 percentage points over the previous year.The number of rural workers totaled 253 million, an increase of 4.4% over the previous year, of whom 159 million worked in towns and cities, up 3.4%.積極調整收入分配關系。著力提高低收入群眾收入。農村居民人均純收入實際增速為1985年以來最高，連續兩年快于城鎮居民；各地普遍較大幅度調高最低工資標準；連續第7年提高企業退休人員基本養老金，全年人均增加1680元，5700多萬人受益；進一步提高城鄉低保補助水平以及部分優撫對象撫恤和生活補助標準，對全國城鄉低保對象、農村五保供養對象等8600多萬名困難群眾發放一次性生活補貼；建立社會救助和保障標準與物價上漲掛鉤的聯動機制。擴大中等收入者所占比重。We adjusted income distribution.We worked hard to increase the income of low-income people.Per capita net income of rural residents in real terms registered the fastest growth since 1985, outpacing urban residents for the second straight year.We significantly increased the minimum wage across the country.Basic pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the seventh consecutive year, with an average increase of 1,680 yuan per person for the year, which benefited over 57 million people.We further increased subsistence allowances for rural and urban residents and subsidies and living allowances for some entitled groups, and granted lump-sum living allowances to more than 86 million people in need, including subsistence allowance recipients in urban and rural areas and childless and infirm rural residents who are entitled to five forms of support(food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses).We instituted a mechanism to increase social aid and social security benefits when consumer prices rise.The proportion of middle-income earners in the whole population increased.個人所得稅起征點從2000元提高到3500元。降低900多萬個體工商戶稅負。中央決定將農民人均純收入2300元(2010年不變價)作為新的國家扶貧標準，比2009年提高92%，把更多農村低收入人口納入扶貧范圍，這是社會的巨大進步。

We raised the salary threshold for personal income tax from 2,000 yuan to 3,500 yuan.We reduced the tax burden on over nine million self-employed people.The central government set the new poverty line at 2,300 yuan, which was the per capita net income in rural areas at 2010 prices, an increase of 92% over 2009.This resulted in more low-income people being covered by the government's poverty reduction program, which constitutes tremendous social progress.加強社會保障體系建設。社會保障覆蓋范圍繼續擴大，全國參加城鎮基本養老保險、失業保險、工傷保險和生育保險人數大幅增加。2147個縣(市、區)實施城鎮居民社會養老保險試點，1334萬人參保，641萬人領取養老金。2343個縣(市、區)開展新型農村社會養老保險試點，3.58億人參保，9880萬人領取養老金，覆蓋面擴大到60%以上。We bolstered the development of the social security system.We continued to expand coverage of social security, and the number of people covered by basic old-age insurance for urban residents, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation and maternity insurance rose substantially nationwide.We carried out trials of old-age insurance for non-working urban residents in 2,147 counties and county-level cities and districts, covering 13.34 million residents, and 6.41 million residents received pensions.We launched trials of a new type of old-age insurance for rural residents in 2,343 counties and county-level cities and districts, covering 358 million people, and 98.8 million people received pensions.We extended coverage of this insurance to more than 60% of China's counties.解決了500多萬名集體企業退休人員養老保障的歷史遺留問題。將312萬名企業“老工傷”人員和工亡職工供養親屬納入工傷保險統籌管理。養老保險跨地區轉移接續工作有序推進。社會保障體系不斷健全，向制度全覆蓋邁出重大步伐，這是推進基本公共服務均等化取得的重要成就。We solved longstanding problems concerning pensions for more than five million retirees of collectively owned enterprises.We included 3.12 million persons who suffer from past work-related injuries and dependents of employees who lost their lives in work-related accidents in workers' compensation insurance.We worked in an orderly way to make it possible to transfer pension accounts between localities.We continued to improve the social security system and made significant progress in extending coverage to all residents.This was an important achievement for ensuring equal access to basic public services for all.大力推進保障性安居工程建設。出臺關于保障性安居工程建設和管理的指導意見，完善財政投入、土地供應、信貸支持、稅費減免等政策，著力提高規劃建設和工程質量水平，制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和辦法。中央財政安排資金1713億元，是2010年的2.2倍，全年城鎮保障性住房基本建成432萬套，新開工建設1043萬套。We accelerated the construction of low-income housing.We adopted guidelines on construction and management of low-income housing;improved policies on government input, land supply, credit support, and tax and fee reductions;strove to improve project planning and construction quality;and introduced a system and measures for distributing, managing, and recalling low-income housing.The central government allocated 171.3 billion yuan for these purposes, an increase of 120% over 2010.We basically completed 4.32 million units of low-income urban housing and began construction on a further 10.43 million units.努力維護社會公共安全。加強安全生產監管，做好重特大安全事故的處置、調查、問責工作。完善食品安全監管體制機制，集中打擊、整治非法添加和違法生產加工行為。堅持以人為本、服務為先，加強和創新社會管理，著力排查化解各類社會矛盾，依法打擊違法犯罪活動，保持社會和諧穩定。We worked hard to safeguard public safety.We intensified oversight and supervision of workplace safety and ensured that major accidents were fully investigated and dealt with and those responsible were held accountable.We improved the system and mechanisms for oversight and supervision of food safety, and gave high priority to cracking down on the use of illegal additives and the illegal production and processing of food.We put people and services first, strengthened and made innovations in social administration, strove to investigate and resolve social conflicts, cracked down on crime in accordance with the law, and maintained social harmony and stability.(五)深入推進改革開放，為經濟社會發展注入新的活力和動力。5.Deepening reform and opening up and injecting new vitality and impetus into economic and social development.我們按照“十二五”規劃提出的改革任務，加大攻堅力度，推動重點領域和關鍵環節的改革。We intensified efforts to overcome difficulties and carried forward reform in major areas and key links to meet reform targets set forth in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.完善公共財政體系特別是預算管理制度，把預算外資金全部納入預算管理，擴大國有資本經營預算實施范圍，深化部門預算改革，推進政府預算、決算公開，98個中央部門和北京、上海、廣東、陜西等省市公開“三公經費”。在全國范圍實施原油、天然氣資源稅從價計征改革，出臺營業稅改征增值稅試點方案。把跨境貿易人民幣結算范圍擴大到全國，啟動境外直接投資人民幣結算試點，開展外商直接投資人民幣結算業務。We improved the public finance system, particularly the budget management system.We put all extrabudgetary funds under budgetary management;expanded the scope of budgets for the use of state capital;deepened the reform requiring government departments to prepare their own budgets;and moved ahead with publicly releasing government budgets and final accounts.Ninety-eight central government departments as well as provincial and municipal governments, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and Shaanxi, publicly released information regarding their spending on official overseas trips, official vehicles and official hospitality.We carried out a price-based reform of resource taxes on crude oil and natural gas nationwide, and introduced a plan to replace business tax with value-added tax(VAT)on a trial basis.We extended the use of RMB in cross-border trade settlement to the whole country, launched trials for settling overseas direct investment accounts in RMB, and began settling foreign direct investment accounts in RMB.深化集體林權制度改革，啟動國有林場改革試點，依法開展草原承包經營登記。推進水利建設管理體制改革，創新水資源管理體制。深化國有企業改革。啟動實施電網主輔分離改革重組以及上網電價和非居民用電價格調整方案?；就瓿舌l鎮機構改革。事業單位分類改革有序開展。We deepened reform of tenure in collective forests, launched a trial reform of state forestry farms, and started registration for contracting pastureland in accordance with the law.We pressed ahead with reform of the system for managing the construction of water conservancy facilities and made innovations in the system for managing water resources;and deepened reform of state-owned enterprises.We carried out reform to restructure power grids by separating their main business from auxiliary services and implemented the plan to adjust the prices of on-grid electricity and non-household electricity.We basically completed the reform of county and town government bodies, and proceeded with the reform of public institutions through classification in an orderly manner.我們堅持出口和進口并重，利用外資和對外投資并舉，全面提升開放型經濟水平。積極推進市場多元化戰略，努力優化貿易結構。全年貨物進出口總額 3.64萬億美元，增長22.5%，其中，出口增長20.3%，進口增長24.9%，貿易順差進一步下降。實際使用外商直接投資1160億美元，服務業和 中西部地區比重提高。企業“走出去”步伐加快，非金融類對外直接投資601億美元。積極參與國際和區域經濟合作，多邊雙邊經貿關系繼續深化。We continued to put equal emphasis on exports and imports, encouraged foreign investment in China and Chinese investment overseas, and made comprehensive improvements to China's open economy.We actively pursued the strategy of diversifying markets and improved the trade mix.China's total volume of trade in goods totaled US$ 3.64 trillion for the year, up 22.5%.Exports and imports grew by 20.3% and 24.9%, respectively, and our trade surplus decreased further.Total utilized foreign direct investment was $116 billion, and a larger proportion of it went to service industries and the central and western regions.Chinese companies expanded their overseas presence, and non-financial outward direct investment reached $60.1 billion.We actively participated in international and regional economic cooperation and continued to deepen multilateral and bilateral economic and trade relations.我們在民主法制建設、國防和軍隊建設、港澳臺工作和外交工作等方面，都取得了卓有成效的進展。We made outstanding progress in improving democracy and the legal system;strengthening national defense and building up the armed forces;and in our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and our diplomatic work.過去一年的成績來之不易，顯示了中國特色社會主義的優越性和生命力，增強了中華民族的自豪感和凝聚力。這是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央科學決策、正確領導的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民齊心協力、頑強拼搏的結果。Our hard-won achievements over the past year are a testament to the strength and vitality of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and have enhanced the pride and cohesiveness of the Chinese nation.We owe these achievements to the sound decisions made by the Party Central Committee, with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, and its correct leadership, as well as the concerted efforts and hard work of the Party, the armed forces, and the people of all ethnic groups in China.我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯的感謝！On behalf of the State Council, I wish to sincerely thank the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people's organizations, and people from all sectors of society.I wish to express my sincere gratitude to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese.I also wish to express my sincere appreciation to governments of other countries, international organizations, and foreign friends around the world who show understanding for and support China in its pursuit of modernization.我們也清醒地看到，我國經濟社會發展仍然面臨不少困難和挑戰。從國際看，世界經濟復蘇進程艱難曲折，國際金融危機還在發展，一些國家主權債務危 機短期內難以緩解。主要發達經濟體失業率居高難下，增長動力不足，新興經濟體面臨通貨膨脹和經濟增速回落的雙重壓力。主要貨幣匯率劇烈波動，大宗商品價格 大幅震蕩。國際貿易投資保護主義強化。從國內看，解決體制性結構性矛盾，緩解發展不平衡、不協調、不可持續的問題更為迫切、難度更大，經濟運行中又出現不 少新情況新問題。We are keenly aware that China still faces many difficulties and challenges in economic and social development.Internationally, the road to global economic recovery will be tortuous, the global financial crisis is still evolving, and some countries will find it hard to ease the sovereign debt crisis any time soon.The unemployment rate remains high in the major developed economies, and they lack impetus for growth.Emerging economies face the dual pressures of inflation and slowing economic growth.The exchange rates of major currencies and the prices of important commodities are experiencing sharp fluctuations.Protectionism in international trade and investment is mounting.Domestically, it has become more urgent but also more difficult to solve institutional and structural problems and alleviate the problem of unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development.In addition, China's economy is encountering new problems.主要是：經濟增長存在下行壓力，物價水平仍處高位，房地產市場調控處于關鍵階段，農業穩定發展、農民持續增收難度加大，就業總量壓力與結構性矛 盾并存，一些企業特別是小型微型企業經營困難增多，部分行業產能過剩凸顯，能源消費總量增長過快。一些長期矛盾與短期問題相互交織，結構性因素和周期性因 素相互作用，國內問題和國際問題相互關聯，宏觀調控面臨更加復雜的局面。There is downward pressure on economic growth.Prices remain high.Regulation of the real estate market is in a crucial stage.It is getting harder to maintain steady development of agriculture and sustain increases in rural incomes.Pressure to increase total employment coexists with structural shortages of qualified personnel in some industries.Some enterprises, especially small and micro businesses, face increasing difficulties in their operations.Some industries are plagued by excess production capacity.Total energy consumption is growing excessively fast.Moreover, some long-term and short-term problems are interwoven;structural and cyclical factors affect each other;domestic and international problems have become interrelated;and our macro-control work faces a more complex situation.政府工作仍存在一些缺點和不足，節能減排、物價調控目標沒有完成；征地拆遷、安全生產、食品藥品安全、收入分配等方面問題還很突出，群眾反映強烈；政府管理和服務水平有待提高，廉政建設亟需加強。There are still some deficiencies and shortcomings in the government's work.Targets for conserving energy, reducing emissions, and controlling prices are not being met.Problems concerning land expropriation, housing demolition, workplace safety, food and drug safety, and income distribution are still very serious and the people are still very concerned about them.Government administration and services need to be improved, and efforts to build clean government need to be intensified.我們一定要以對國家和人民高度負責的精神，采取更加有力的措施，切實解決存在的問題，努力把各項工作做得更好，決不辜負人民的重托。We must act with a strong sense of responsibility toward the country and the people, take more effective steps to resolve these problems, strive to do all our work better, and truly live up to the people's expectations.二、2012年工作總體部署 II.Major Steps to Be Taken in Government Work in 2012 今年是“十二五”時期承前啟后的重要一年，也是本屆政府任期的最后一年。我們要恪盡職守、銳意進取、攻堅克難、決不懈怠，交出一份人民滿意的答卷。This year is an important year of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, and the last year of the term of my government.We must dedicate ourselves to our duties, forge ahead with determination, tackle difficult problems directly, and work diligently to achieve results that satisfy the people.我國發展仍處于重要戰略機遇期，在較長時期內繼續保持經濟平穩較快發展具備不少有利條件。工業化、城鎮化和農業現代化快速推進，消費結構和產業 結構升級蘊藏著巨大的需求潛力；經過30多年改革開放，我國發展建立了良好的物質基礎和體制條件，宏觀調控經驗不斷豐富，企業競爭力和抗風險能力明顯提 高；東部地區創新發展能力增強，中西部地區和東北等老工業基地發展潛力有序釋放；經濟發展的傳統優勢依然存在，勞動力資源豐富、素質提高；財政收支狀況良 好，金融體系運行穩健，社會資金比較充裕。We are still in an important period of strategic opportunities for China's development, and there are a number of favorable conditions for us to maintain steady and robust economic development for a long time.Industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization are proceeding rapidly, and improvements in the consumption pattern and the industrial structure will create huge potential demand.In the course of over 30 years of reform and opening up, we have built a solid material foundation and institutional conditions for development and gained rich experience in macro-control.Our enterprises have become significantly more competitive and resilient.The eastern region has greater capacity for innovation and development, and the development potential of the central and western regions and the old industrial bases in northeast China is being constantly unleashed.We still have our traditional strengths in economic development, as well as rich human resources and a more skilled workforce.We have a good balance between government revenue and expenditures and a sound financial system, and there is ample nongovernmental capital.世界經濟政治格局正在發生深刻變化，和平、發展、合作仍然是時代潮流，總體上有利于我國和平發展。我們要堅定信心，善于運用有利條件和積極因素，繼續抓住和用好重要戰略機遇期，推動經濟平穩較快發展，不斷增強我國的綜合國力和國際影響力。The global economic and political patterns are undergoing profound changes;peace, development, and cooperation remain the underlying trends of the times, and overall the situation is favorable for China's peaceful development.We need to have firm confidence, capitalize on favorable conditions and factors, and continue to grasp and make the most of this important period of strategic opportunities to promote steady and robust economic development, and continue to enhance China's overall strength and its international influence.我們要高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，堅持穩中求進，加強和改善宏觀調控，繼續處理好保持經濟平穩較快發展、調整經濟結構和管理通脹預期的關系，加快推進經濟發展方式轉變和經濟結構調整，著力擴大國內需求特別是消費需求，著力加 強自主創新和節能減排，著力深化改革開放，著力保障和改善民生，全面推進社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設以及生態文明建設，努力實現經濟平穩較快發展和物價總水平基本穩定，保持社會和諧穩定，以經濟社會發展的優異成績迎接黨的十八大勝利召開。We must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide, thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, make progress while maintaining stability, and strengthen and improve macro-control.We will continue to balance maintaining steady and robust economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations;accelerate the transformation of the pattern of economic development and adjustment of the economic structure;vigorously expand domestic demand, particularly consumer demand;make every effort to strengthen innovation, energy conservation, and emissions reduction;and strive to deepen reform and opening up and ensure and improve the people's wellbeing.We will comprehensively advance socialist economic development, political, cultural and social progress, and ecological awareness.We will strive to achieve steady and robust economic development and overall price stability, maintain social harmony and stability, and greet the coming Eighteenth National Congress of the CPC with outstanding achievements in economic and social development.今年經濟社會發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長7.5%；城鎮新增就業900萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率控制在4.6%以內；居民消費價格 漲幅控制在4%左右；進出口總額增長10%左右，國際收支狀況繼續改善。同時，要在產業結構調整、自主創新、節能減排等方面取得新進展，城鄉居民收入實際 增長和經濟增長保持同步。The main targets for this year's economic and social development are as follows: to increase GDP by 7.5%, create more than 9 million new jobs in towns and cities, keep the registered urban unemployment rate at or below 4.6%, hold increases in the CPI to around 4%, increase the volume of total exports and imports by around 10%, and continue to improve our balance of payments.At the same time, we will make further progress in industrial restructuring, innovation, energy conservation, and emissions reduction, and ensure that both urban and rural residents' real incomes increase in line with economic growth.這里要著重說明，國內生產總值增長目標略微調低，主要是要與“十二五”規劃目標逐步銜接，引導各方面把工作著力點放到加快轉變經濟發展方式、切 實提高經濟發展質量和效益上來，以利于實現更長時期、更高水平、更好質量發展。提出居民消費價格漲幅控制在4%左右，綜合考慮了輸入性通脹因素、要素成本 上升影響以及居民承受能力，也為價格改革預留一定空間。Here I wish to stress that in setting a slightly lower GDP growth rate, we hope to make it fit with targets in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and to guide people in all sectors to focus their work on accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and making economic development more sustainable and efficient, so as to achieve higher-level, higher-quality development over a longer period of time.In projecting a CPI increase of around 4%, we have taken into account imported inflation, rising costs of factors of production, and people's ability to absorb the impact of price increases, while leaving room for the effect of price reforms.綜合考慮各方面情況，要繼續實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，根據形勢變化適時適度預調微調，進一步提高政策的針對性、靈活性和前瞻性。Taking into consideration all relevant factors, we will continue to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, carry out timely and appropriate anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning, and make our policies more targeted, flexible, and anticipatory.繼續實施積極的財政政策。保持適度的財政赤字和國債規模。今年擬安排財政赤字8000億元，赤字率下降到1.5%左右，其中中央財政赤字 5500億元，代發地方債2500億元。優化財政支出結構、突出重點，更加注重向民生領域傾斜，加大對教育、文化、醫療衛生、就業、社會保障、保障性安居 工程等方面的投入。更加注重加強薄弱環節，加大對“三農”、欠發達地區、科技創新和節能環保、水利、地質找礦等的支持。更加注重勤儉節約，嚴格控制“三公 經費”，大力精簡會議和文件，深化公務用車制度改革，進一步降低行政成本。We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy.We will keep the deficit and government debt at appropriate levels.This year, we are projecting a deficit of 800 billion yuan, a decrease to around 1.5% of GDP, which consists of a 550 billion yuan central government deficit and 250 billion yuan of bonds issued on behalf of local governments.We will improve the structure of expenditures and give priority to spending in key areas.We will increase spending on areas which are important to the people's wellbeing, such as education, culture, medical and health care, employment, social security, and low-income housing projects.We will pay greater attention to strengthening weak links, and increase funding for agriculture, rural areas, farmers, underdeveloped areas, scientific and technological innovation, energy conservation, environmental protection, water conservancy, and geological prospecting.We will be more economical;strictly restrict spending on official overseas trips, vehicles for official use, and official hospitality;greatly reduce meetings and documents;deepen reform of the system for the use of official cars;and further reduce administrative costs.繼續控制樓堂館所建設規模和標準，壓縮大型運動會場館建設投入。全面加強對重點領域、重點部門和重點資金的審計。實施結構性減稅。認真落實和完 善支持小型微型企業和個體工商戶發展的各項稅收優惠政策，開展營業稅改征增值稅試點。繼續對行政事業性收費和政府性基金進行清理、整合和規范。加強地方政 府性債務管理和風險防范。按照分類管理、區別對待、逐步化解的原則，繼續妥善處理存量債務。We will continue to restrict the construction of office buildings in terms of both size and grades, and reduce spending on building large gymnasiums and stadiums.We will also comprehensively strengthen auditing of key areas, sectors, and funds.We will introduce structural tax reductions.We will fully implement and improve all preferential tax policies to support the development of small, micro and individually owned businesses, and carry out pilot projects to replace business tax with VAT.We will continue to investigate the collection and use of administrative fees and operations of government-managed funds, merge them where necessary, and ensure fees are collected and government-managed funds are operated in a standardized way.We will strengthen supervision of local government debt and guard against risks.We will continue to deal with outstanding debts properly by classifying them into different categories and managing them accordingly, dealing with different situations differently, and resolving problems gradually.進一步清理規范地方政府融資平臺公司。堅決禁止各級政府以各種形式違規擔保、承諾。同時，把短期應對措施和長期制度建設結合起來，嚴格控制地方政府新增債務，將地方政府債務收支分類納入預算管理。We will further investigate and standardize financing companies run by local governments.Governments at all levels are prohibited from making guarantees and promises in this respect in violation of laws and regulations.At the same time, we will both take short-term measures and build permanent systems, strictly limit new local government debt, and place revenue and expenditures of local government debt under budgetary management on the basis of their type.繼續實施穩健的貨幣政策。按照總量適度、審慎靈活的要求，兼顧促進經濟平穩較快發展、保持物價穩定和防范金融風險。綜合運用各種貨幣政策工具，調節好貨幣信貸供求，保持社會融資規模合理增長。廣義貨幣預期增長14%。優化信貸結構，支持國家重點在建、續建項目和保障性安居工程建設，加強對符合產 業政策、有市場需求的企業特別是小型微型企業的信貸支持，切實降低實體經濟融資成本。We will continue to implement a prudent monetary policy.We aim to promote steady and robust economic development, keep prices stable, and guard against financial risks by keeping the total money and credit supply at an appropriate level, and taking a cautious yet flexible approach.We will employ a full range of monetary policy tools, appropriately adjust the supply and demand of money and credit, and maintain proper growth of financing from nongovernment sources.The broad money supply is projected to increase by 14%.We will improve the credit structure, support key state projects that are under construction or expansion and low-income housing projects, and increase credit support to enterprises, especially small and micro businesses, whose operations are in accordance with industrial policies and whose products have market demand.繼續嚴格控制對高耗能、高污染和產能過剩行業的貸款。完善人民幣匯率形成機制，增強人民幣匯率雙向浮動彈性，保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的 基本穩定。大力發展外匯市場，豐富外匯產品。為市場主體提供更多的匯率避險工具，管好用好外匯儲備。建立健全系統性金融風險防范和監管協調機制，增強抵御 風險能力。加強跨境資本流動監控。規范各類借貸行為，引導民間融資健康發展。We will effectively reduce the financing costs of the real economy, and continue to strictly restrict loans to industries that are energy intensive, have high emissions or possess excess production capacity.We will improve the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, make the floating exchange rate regime more flexible, and keep the RMB exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.We will vigorously develop the foreign exchange market, diversify foreign exchange products, and provide more tools for market participants to hedge foreign exchange risks.We will manage and utilize our foreign exchange reserves well.We will set up a sound mechanism for preventing systemic financial risks and for coordinating financial oversight and supervision to strengthen our ability to withstand risks.We will tighten oversight on cross-border flows of capital, standardize all types of lending activities, and guide the sound development of private financing.全面做好今年的工作，必須堅持突出主題、貫穿主線、統籌兼顧、協調推進，把穩增長、控物價、調結構、惠民生、抓改革、促和諧更好地結合起來。To ensure success in all our work this year, we must uphold the theme of scientific development, take transforming the pattern of economic development as the main thread, adopt a holistic approach, and coordinate all our work.We must coordinate efforts to achieve steady growth, control prices, adjust the economic structure, improve the people's wellbeing, implement reform, and promote harmony.穩增長，就是要堅持擴大內需、穩定外需，大力發展實體經濟，努力克服國內外各種不穩定不確定因素的影響，及時解決苗頭性、傾向性問題，保持經濟平穩運行。To achieve steady growth, we will continue to expand domestic demand and keep foreign demand stable, vigorously develop the real economy, work hard to counter the impact of various factors of instability and uncertainty at home and abroad, promptly resolve emerging issues that signal unfavorable trends, and maintain stable economic performance.控物價，就是要繼續采取綜合措施，保持物價總水平基本穩定，防止價格走勢反彈。To control prices, we will continue to take comprehensive measures to maintain basic overall price stability and prevent a rebound of inflation.調結構，就是要有扶有控，提高經濟增長質量和效益，增強發展的協調性和可持續性。To adjust the economic structure, we will support development in some areas while limiting growth in others, improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth, and make development more coordinated and sustainable.惠民生，就是要堅持把保障改善民生作為工作的根本出發點和落腳點，把促進社會公平正義放在更加突出的位置，切實辦成一些讓人民群眾得實惠的好事實事。To improve the people's wellbeing, we will continue to take ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing as the fundamental starting point and goal of our work, give higher priority to promoting social fairness and justice, and take a number of initiatives that will bring substantive benefits to the people.抓改革，就是要以更大的決心和氣力推進改革開放，著力解決影響經濟長期 健康發展的體制性、結構性矛盾，在一些重點領域和關鍵環節取得新突破。以開放促改革、促發展、促創新。To implement reform, we will carry out reform and opening up with greater determination and effort, solve institutional and structural problems that hinder long-term sound economic and social development, and make breakthroughs in key areas and crucial links.We will spur reform, development and innovation through opening up.促和諧，就是要正確處理改革、發展、穩定三者關系，積極有效化解各種矛盾和風險隱患，防止局部性問題演變成全局性問題，促進社會和諧穩定。To promote harmony, we will properly balance reform, development, and stability;effectively defuse various types of conflicts, risks, and dangers;prevent isolated problems from growing into major ones;and promote social harmony and stability.三、2012年主要任務 III.Major Tasks for 2012

(一)促進經濟平穩較快發展 1.Promoting steady and robust economic development

擴大內需特別是消費需求是我國經濟長期平穩較快發展的根本立足點，是今年工作的重點。Expanding domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, which is essential to ensuring China's long-term, steady, and robust economic development, is the focus of our economic work this year.著力擴大消費需求。加快構建擴大消費的長效機制。大力調整收入分配格局，增加中低收入者收入，提高居民消費能力。完善鼓勵居民消費政策。大力發 展社會化養老、家政、物業、醫療保健等服務業。鼓勵文化、旅游、健身等消費，落實好帶薪休假制度。積極發展網絡購物等新型消費業態。支持引導環保建材、節 水潔具、節能汽車等綠色消費。擴大消費信貸。加強城鄉流通體系和道路、停車場等基礎設施建設。加強產品質量安全監管。改善消費環境，維護消費者合法權益。We will work hard to expand consumer demand.We will move faster to set up a permanent mechanism for boosting consumption.We will vigorously adjust income distribution, increase the incomes of low-and middle-income groups, and enhance people's ability to consume.We will improve policies that encourage consumption.We will vigorously develop elderly care, domestic, property management, medical and healthcare services.We will encourage consumer spending on cultural activities, tourism, and fitness;and implement the system of paid vacations.We will actively develop new forms of consumption such as online shopping;support and guide the consumption of green goods such as environmentally friendly building materials, water-saving sanitation products, and energy-efficient vehicles;and expand consumer credit.We will improve the urban-rural logistics system and infrastructural facilities, such as roads and parking lots, strengthen supervision over product quality and safety, improve the consumption environment, and safeguard consumers' legitimate rights and interests.不斷優化投資結構。保持投資穩定增長，促進投資和消費良性互動。認真落實國務院關于鼓勵引導民間投資新36條，出臺具有可操作性的實施細則。加 強政府投資對結構調整的引領作用，優先保證重點在建、續建項目，有序推進國家重大項目開工建設。把好土地、信貸、節能、環保、安全、質量等準入和審核關，加強對重大項目特別是政府和國有投資項目的監管、督查，提高投資質量和效益。We will continue to improve the investment structure.We will maintain the steady growth of investment and use investment to promote consumption and vice versa.We will fully implement the Guidelines of the State Council on Encouraging and Guiding the Sound Development of Nongovernmental Investment and adopt specific operating rules for their implementation.We will strengthen the role of government investment in guiding adjustment of the economic structure, ensure funding for key projects that are under construction or expansion, and begin construction on major national projects in an orderly manner.We will tighten standards on market access and the screening and approval process relating to land, credit, energy conservation, environmental protection, safety, and quality;and strengthen supervision and inspections of major projects, particularly those undertaken by governments and state-owned firms, to improve the quality of and returns on such investments.(二)保持物價總水平基本穩定 2.Keeping overall prices basically stable

這是關系群眾利益和經濟社會發展全局的重點工作。要在有效實施宏觀經濟政策、管好貨幣信貸總量、促進社會總供求基本平衡的基礎上，搞好價格調控，防止物價反彈。This is a key task affecting the people's interests and China's overall economic and social development.We will control prices and prevent inflation from rebounding by effectively carrying out macroeconomic policies, managing the supply of money and credit, and striving for basic equilibrium in aggregate supply and demand.增加生產、保障供給。繼續把控制食品價格過快上漲作為穩定物價的重點。落實好“米袋子”省長負責制和“菜籃子”市長負責制，保障主要農產品供 給。大中城市要有合理的菜地保有量，穩定和提高本地應季蔬菜自給水平，同周邊地區和優勢產區協作建設“菜籃子”產品基地。加強重要商品產運銷銜接，完善政 府儲備和商業儲備體系，做好主要農產品收儲和投放，增強市場調控能力。We will increase production and ensure supply.We will continue to make curbing excessive rises in food prices a priority of stabilizing prices.We will effectively carry out the practice of holding provincial governors responsible for the “rice bag”(grain supply)and city mayors for the “vegetable basket”(non-grain food supply)and ensure the supply of major farm products.Large and medium-sized cities should have sufficient farmland for growing vegetables, maintain and raise the proportion of seasonal vegetables sold there that are grown locally, and develop vegetable production bases in collaboration with neighboring areas and areas with suitable conditions.We will strengthen coordination of the production, transportation, and sale of important commodities;improve systems of government reserves and commercial reserves;do a good job purchasing, storing and marketing major agricultural products;and regulate the market better.搞活流通、降低成本。嚴格執行蔬菜等鮮活農產品運輸綠色通道政策。認真落實對農產品批發市場、集貿市場、社區平價菜店等的扶持政策，鼓勵城市連 鎖超市、高校、大型企業、社區與農產品流通企業、專業合作社、種養大戶對接，減少流通環節，增加零售網點，充分發揮流通主渠道作用。We will improve distribution and reduce distribution costs.We will ensure that the green channel policy for transporting vegetables and other fresh farm products is fully implemented.We will carry out policies to support wholesale agricultural product markets, market fairs, and community-based, low-priced vegetable stores.We will encourage urban chain supermarkets, universities, large enterprises, and communities to establish direct supply contacts with farm product distributors, specialized farmer cooperatives, and large family farms.We will also reduce distribution links and increase retail outlets so that they can play a leading role in distribution.We will deepen reform of the distribution system.We will expand trials of a tax on the income of logistics enterprises after deductions, and improve tax policies on the use of land occupied by facilities for storing major commodities.We will adjust and improve VAT policies for the wholesale and retail of some agricultural products, and promote standardized and information-based distribution.We will adopt a full range of measures to make distribution more efficient and cost-effective so as to benefit both producers and consumers.深化流通體制改革。擴大物流企業營業稅差額納稅試點范圍，完善大宗商品倉儲設施用地稅收政策。調整完善部分農產品批發、零售增值稅政策，推動流通標準化、信息化建設。要多管齊下，切實把流通效率提上去、中間成本降下來，真正讓生產者和消費者都得到好處。加強監管、規范秩序。重點加強對食品、藥品價格和醫療、通信、教育等服務收費的監督檢查，堅決治理交通運輸領域亂收費亂罰款，糾正大型零售商業企業違規收費行為，嚴厲查處發布虛假信息、囤積居奇、操縱價格、惡意炒作等違法行為。把握好輿論導向，正確引導社會預期。We will tighten oversight and ensure market order.We will give high priority to strengthening oversight and inspection of food and drug prices as well as fees and charges for medical, communications, and educational services;put an end to unauthorized collection of charges and fines in the transportation sector;stop large commercial retailers from illegally collecting fees;and crack down on illegal practices such as releasing false information, hoarding and profiteering, manipulating prices, and speculation.We will lead public opinion and correctly guide public expectations of price movements.(三)促進農業穩定發展和農民持續增收 3.Promoting steady growth of agriculture and sustained increases in rural incomes 在工業化和城鎮化發展進程中，要更加重視農業現代化。必須堅持把解決好“三農”問題作為各項工作的重中之重，進一步加大強農惠農富農政策力度，鞏固和發展農業農村好形勢。We need to pay even greater attention to modernizing agriculture in the course of industrialization and urbanization.We must continue to make solving problems related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers a top priority in all of our work;increase policy support to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and enrich rural areas;and consolidate and build upon achievements in the development of agriculture and rural areas.穩定發展農業生產，多渠道增加農民收入。繼續開展糧食穩定增產行動，穩定糧食種植面積，著力提高單產。引導農民調整結構，擴大緊缺、優質農產品 生產，支持蔬菜、肉蛋奶、水產品等生產。農業補貼要繼續增加總量，提高標準，擴大范圍，完善機制，新增補貼重點向種養大戶、農民專業合作社及各種生產服務 組織傾斜。We will steadily develop agricultural production and increase farmers' incomes by various means.We will continue to carry out activities to steadily increase grain production, keep the area of land sown to grain crops stable, and increase per-unit yields.We will guide farmers to adjust their mix of crops or livestock, and produce more farm products that are high in quality or short in supply.We will support the production of vegetables, meat, eggs, milk, and aquatic products.We will continue to increase agricultural subsidies, raise their standard, expand their coverage, improve mechanisms for issuing them, and direct new subsidy increases mainly to large family farms, specialized farmer cooperatives, and producer-oriented service organizations.繼續提高糧食最低收購價，今年小麥、稻谷最低收購價平均每50公斤分別提高7.4元和16元。健全主產區利益補償機制，增加糧油、生豬等重要農 產品生產大縣獎勵補助資金。實施新10年農村扶貧開發綱要，按照新的國家扶貧標準，全面做好扶貧開發工作，加大集中連片特殊困難地區扶貧開發力度，讓扶貧 對象更多地分享改革發展成果。We will continue to raise the minimum purchase price for grain, and we will raise the average floor prices for wheat and rice by 7.4 yuan and 16 yuan per 50 kilograms, respectively.We will improve the mechanism for subsidizing major growing areas and increase rewards and subsidies to major counties that produce important agricultural products such as grain, oilseed, and hogs.We will implement the 2011-2020 rural poverty alleviation and development program and, in accordance with the new national standards for poverty alleviation, do a good job of all poverty alleviation and development work, and step up our work in contiguous areas with particular difficulties to ensure that people in poverty share more fruits of reform and development.加快農業科技進步。農業的根本出路在科技。要大力推動農業科技創新，加大對良種繁育、疫病防控、農產品質量安全等關鍵技術研發和應用的支持力 度。加快推進基層農技推廣服務體系改革和建設，健全鄉鎮或區域性農業公共服務機構。完善農業技術補貼制度，促進先進適用農業技術到田到戶。建好現代農業示 范區，推進高產創建和標準化創建。加快農業機械化步伐。We will speed up progress in agricultural science and technology.The fundamental way to develop agriculture is through science and technology.We will vigorously promote innovations in agro-science and increase support for R&D on and the application of key technologies for cultivating superior varieties and breeds, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products.We will accelerate reform and development of the service system for spreading agricultural technology in villages, and improve public service agricultural agencies in townships, towns, and regions.We will improve the system for subsidizing agricultural technologies and encourage farmers to use advanced and appropriate agricultural technologies.We will develop modern agriculture demonstration sites, encourage farmers to grow high-yield crops, promote the standardization of farming techniques, and accelerate agricultural mechanization.加強農業農村基礎設施建設。今年中央財政用于“三農”的投入擬安排12287億元，比上年增加1868億元。要搞好灌區配套改造和小型農田水利建 設，大力發展節水農業，加大土地開發整理復墾力度，大規模建設旱澇保收高標準基本農田。加快中小河流治理、小型水庫除險加固和山洪地質災害綜合防治。加強 農村水電路氣以及文化體育等基礎設施建設，推進農村環境治理，加快農村危房改造，繼續改善農村生產生活條件。We will strengthen agricultural and rural infrastructure.The central government plans to allocate 1.2287 trillion yuan for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, 186.8 billion yuan more than last year.With these funds we will build and upgrade water-saving facilities in irrigated areas and build more small water conservancy projects, and vigorously develop water-efficient agriculture.We will intensify efforts to develop, improve, and reclaim rural land and develop on a large scale basic farmland that meets high drought and flood resistance standards.We will take speedy steps to harness small and medium-sized rivers, reinforce small aging reservoirs, and take comprehensive measures to prevent and mitigate geological disasters caused by mountain torrents.We will continue to improve working and living conditions in rural areas by strengthening infrastructure such as water, power, and methane supply facilities, roads, and cultural and sports venues, and by cleaning up the environment and renovating dilapidated houses more quickly.深化農村改革。堅持農村基本經營制度不動搖。要認真搞好土地確權登記頒證。土地承包經營權、宅基地使用權、集體收益分配權是法律賦予農民的財產 權利，任何人都不能侵犯。加強土地承包經營權流轉管理和服務，發展適度規模經營。嚴格保護耕地。制定出臺農村集體土地征收補償條例。扶持發展農民專業合作 社、產業化龍頭企業，開展多種形式的農業社會化服務，發展農業保險，提高農業產業化、組織化程度。深化農村綜合改革。推進國有農場、林場體制改革。

We will deepen rural reform.We will uphold the basic rural operation system.We will work diligently to determine, register, and certify land ownership.Farmers' rights to the land they contract to work on, to the land on which their houses sit, and to proceeds from collective undertakings are property rights conferred by law, and these rights must not to be violated by anyone.We will provide better supervision and services for the transfer of contracted land-use rights, and develop farming operations on an appropriately large scale.We will place farmland under strict protection, and formulate and promulgate regulations concerning compensation for the expropriation of rural collective land.We will support large-scale farming by specialized farmer cooperatives and leading enterprises, encourage various sectors of society to provide services for agriculture, develop agricultural insurance, and increase commercialization and specialization in agriculture.We will deepen comprehensive rural reform.We will also reform systems for managing state-owned farms and forest farms and continue to deepen reform of tenure in collective forests.(四)加快轉變經濟發展方式

4.Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development

解決發展不平衡、不協調、不可持續的問題，關鍵在于加快轉變經濟發展方式，推進經濟結構戰略性調整，這既是一個長期過程，也是當前最緊迫的任務。The key to solving the problems of imbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development is to accelerate the transformation of the pattern of economic development and carry out strategic adjustment of the economic restructure.This is both a long-term task and our most pressing task at present.促進產業結構優化升級。推動戰略性新興產業健康發展。建立促進新能源利用的機制，加強統籌規劃、項目配套、政策引導，擴大國內需求，制止太陽 能、風電等產業盲目擴張。發展新一代信息技術，加強網絡基礎設施建設，推動三網融合取得實質性進展。大力發展高端裝備制造、節能環保、生物醫藥、新能源汽 車、新材料等產業。擴大技改專項資金規模，促進傳統產業改造升級。We will improve and upgrade the industrial structure.We will promote the sound development of strategic emerging industries.We will accelerate the establishment of mechanisms that promote the use of new energy sources;strengthen overall planning, auxiliary projects and policy guidance;and expand domestic demand.We will prevent blind expansion in our capacity to manufacture solar energy and wind power equipment.We will develop next-generation information technology, strengthen network infrastructure, and make substantive progress in integrating the telecommunications network, the radio and television broadcasting network, and the Internet.We will energetically develop the high-end equipment manufacturing, energy conservation, environmental protection, biopharmaceuticals, new-energy vehicles, and new materials industries.We will increase funding for technological upgrading projects, and press ahead with the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.以汽車、鋼鐵、造船、水泥等行業為重點，控制增量，優化存量，推動企業兼并重組，提高產業集中度和規模效益。落實并完善促進小型微型企業發展的 政策，進一步減輕企業負擔，激發科技型小型微型企業發展活力。實施有利于服務業發展的財稅、金融政策，支持社會資本進入服務業，促進服務業發展提速、比重 提高、水平提升。We will control increases in production capacity, improve existing production facilities, encourage enterprise mergers and reorganizations, and increase industrial concentration and economies of scale, with the focus on the automobile, steel, shipbuilding, and cement industries.We will implement and improve policies to promote the growth of small and micro businesses, further reduce burdens on enterprises, and promote the vibrant growth of small and micro high-tech enterprises.We will implement fiscal, taxation, and financial policies that facilitate the development of the service sector and encourage nongovernmental investment in this sector, in order to promote faster development of the sector, increase its share in the economy, and facilitate its upgrading.推進節能減排和生態環境保護。節能減排的關鍵是節約能源，提高能效，減少污染。要抓緊制定出臺合理控制能源消費總量工作方案，加快理順能源價格 體系。綜合運用經濟、法律和必要的行政手段，突出抓好工業、交通、建筑、公共機構、居民生活等重點領域和千家重點耗能企業節能減排，進一步淘汰落后產能。加強用能管理，發展智能電網和分布式能源，實施節能發電調度、合同能源管理、政府節能采購等行之有效的管理方式。We will conserve energy, reduce emissions, and protect the ecological environment.The key to conserving energy and reducing emissions is to save energy, improve energy efficiency, and reduce pollution.We will promptly formulate and promulgate a work plan for appropriately controlling total energy consumption, and move quickly to base the energy pricing system on the market.We will use economic, legal, and the necessary administrative means to conserve energy and reduce emissions in key areas such as manufacturing, transportation, construction, public institutions, and people's homes, and in 1,000 key energy-intensive enterprises;and close down more outdated production facilities.We will tighten supervision of energy use, develop smart power grids and ensure the proper distribution of energy supplies, and implement effective administrative practices such as efficient electricity generation and distribution, energy performance contracting, and government procurement of energy-efficient goods and services.優化能源結構，推動傳統能源清潔高效利用，安全高效發展核電，積極發展水電，加快頁巖氣勘查、開發攻關，提高新能源和可再生能源比重。加強能源 通道建設。深入貫徹節約資源和保護環境基本國策。開展節能認證和能效標識監督檢查，鼓勵節能、節水、節地、節材和資源綜合利用，大力發展循環經濟。加強環 境保護，著力解決重金屬、飲用水源、大氣、土壤、海洋污染等關系民生的突出環境問題。努力減少農業面源污染。嚴格監管危險化學品。We will optimize the energy structure, promote clean and efficient use of traditional energy, safely and effectively develop nuclear power, actively develop hydroelectric power, tackle key problems more quickly in the exploration and development of shale gas, and increase the share of new energy and renewable energy in total energy consumption.We will step up the construction of energy transportation routes.We will thoroughly implement the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment.We will carry out certification of energy-efficient products and oversight and inspection of energy efficiency labeling;encourage economical use of energy, water, land, and materials as well as comprehensive use of resources;and vigorously develop a circular economy.We will strengthen environmental protection;strive to solve major environmental problems that directly affect people's lives, such as heavy metals, drinking water sources, air, soil, and marine pollution;reduce pollution from non-point agricultural sources;and put hazardous chemicals under strict oversight and supervision.今年在京津冀、長三角、珠三角等重點區域以及直轄市和省會城市開展細顆粒物(PM2.5)等項目監測，2015年覆蓋所有地級以上城市。推進生 態建設，促進生態保護和修復，鞏固天然林保護、退耕還林還草、退牧還草成果，加強草原生態建設，大力開展植樹造林，推進荒漠化、石漠化、坡耕地治理，嚴格 保護江河源、濕地、湖泊等重要生態功能區。加強適應氣候變化特別是應對極端氣候事件能力建設，提高防災減災能力。堅持共同但有區別的責任原則和公平原則，建設性推動應對氣候變化國際談判進程。我們要用行動昭告世界，中國絕不靠犧牲生態環境和人民健康來換取經濟增長，我們一定能走出一條生產發展、生活富裕、生態良好的文明發展道路。We will start monitoring fine particulate matter(PM2.5)in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River delta, the Pearl River delta and other key areas as well as in municipalities directly under the central government and provincial capital cities, and extend the practice to all cities at and above the prefectural level by 2015.We will improve the ecology, establish a sound system of compensation for ecological damage, strengthen ecological protection and restoration, and consolidate achievements in protecting virgin forests, turning vulnerable farmland into forests and grasslands, and stopping grazing to let grasslands recover.We will strengthen grassland ecological conservation;vigorously carry out afforestation;make progress in dealing with desertification and stony deserts and in improving terraced farmland;and strictly protect river sources, wetlands, lakes, and other priority functional ecological zones.We will strengthen capacity building to adapt to climate change, and especially to respond to extreme climate events, and improve our ability to prevent and mitigate natural disasters.We will uphold the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and the principle of fairness, and play a constructive role in promoting international talks on climate change.We will show the world with our actions that China will never seek economic growth at the expense of its ecological environment and public health.We are definitely capable of taking a path of civilized development which ensures that production increases, people's living standards rise, and we live in a good ecological environment.促進區域經濟協調發展。實施區域發展總體戰略和主體功能區規劃，充分發揮各地特色和優勢，進一步提高區域發展的協調性和基本公共服務均等化水平。認真落實西部大開發新10年的政策措施，加大實施中部地區崛起戰略的力度，加快推進東北地區等老工業基地振興，積極支持東部地區轉型發展、在更高層次 上參與國際競爭與合作。要加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區和貧困地區的扶持力度。We will enhance balanced economic development among regions.We will implement the master strategy for regional development and the plan for developing functional zones, give full play to the distinctive strengths of each region, better coordinate development among regions, and make delivery of basic public services more equitable.We will conscientiously implement the policies and measures for the large-scale development of the western region in the new decade, work even harder to implement the strategy for the rise of the central region, more quickly revitalize the old industrial bases in northeast China, and actively support the eastern region in transforming its economy and participating in international competition and cooperation at a higher level.We will increase support to old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and poverty-stricken areas.更好地發揮經濟特區、上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區在改革開放中先行先試的重要作用。制定和實施海洋發展戰略，促進海洋經濟發展。加強和完善跨區域合作機制，消除市場壁壘，促進要素流動，引導產業有序轉移，推動區域經濟良性互動、協調發展。We will encourage special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai, and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin to better play their role of leading the way and exploring new paths in reform and opening up.We will formulate and implement a strategy for marine development, and promote the development of the marine economy.We will strengthen and improve inter-regional cooperation mechanisms, remove market barriers, facilitate the flow of factors of production, guide the orderly transfer of industries, and promote mutually reinforcing and coordinated economic development among regions.積極穩妥推進城鎮化。要遵循城市發展規律，從各地實際出發，促進大中小城市和小城鎮協調發展。根據資源環境和人口承載能力，優化全國生產力布 局，形成合理的城鎮體系和與國土規模、資源分布、發展潛力相適應的人口布局。各類城市都要夯實經濟基礎，創造就業機會，完善基礎設施，改善人居環境，加強 管理服務，提升城鎮化質量和水平。We will actively yet prudently promote urbanization.We will promote the coordinated development of large, medium-sized, and small cities as well as small towns in light of local conditions and in accordance with the laws governing urban development.On the basis of the carrying capacity of China's resources, environment and population, we will improve the distribution of the productive forces across the country, develop cities and towns rationally, and ensure that the geographical distribution of the population is suited to land availability, resources distribution, and development potential.We will strengthen the economic foundation and create job opportunities in all cities, improve their infrastructure and living environment, strengthen urban management and services, and raise the quality and level of urbanization.更加注重把在城鎮穩定就業和居住的農民工有序轉變為城鎮居民；放寬中小城市落戶條件，合理引導人口流向，讓更多農村富余勞動力就近轉移就業。加 強對農民工的人文關懷和服務，著力解決農民工在就業服務、社會保障、子女入園上學、住房租購等方面的實際問題，逐步將城鎮基本公共服務覆蓋到農民工。關愛 留守兒童、留守婦女和留守老人。讓農民無論進城還是留鄉，都能安居樂業、幸福生活。We will give higher priority to registering rural migrant workers with stable jobs and permanent homes in cities or towns as permanent urban residents in an orderly manner.We will relax eligibility for registering as urban households in small and medium-sized cities, guide the rational flow of the population, and enable more surplus rural workers to find nonagricultural employment in nearby towns and cities.We should care more deeply for rural migrant workers and provide more services to them;resolve difficulties they have in securing employment services, obtaining social security benefits, getting their children enrolled in preschools and schools, and renting or purchasing homes;and gradually extend to them basic public services that are available to urban residents.We will take care of children, women and old people who are left behind by rural migrant workers who work in cities.We will enable rural residents to enjoy a happy life whether they go to the city or stay in the countryside.(五)深入實施科教興國戰略和人才強國戰略 5.Thoroughly implementing the strategies of developing China through science and education and strengthening the country through human resource development

大力發展科技、教育事業，培養高素質的人才隊伍，是國家強盛、民族復興的必由之路。To make China prosperous and strong and achieve the revival of the Chinese nation, we need to vigorously develop science, technology, and education and create a high-quality talent pool.堅持優先發展教育。中央財政已按全國財政性教育經費支出占國內生產總值的4%編制預算，地方財政也要相應安排，確保實現這一目標。教育經費要突 出保障重點，加強薄弱環節，提高使用效益。深入推進教育體制改革，全面實施素質教育，逐步解決考試招生、教育教學等方面的突出問題。推進學校民主管理，逐步形成制度。We will continue to give high priority to developing education.The central government has already prepared its budget to meet the requirement that government spending on education accounts for 4% of China's GDP, and local governments should act accordingly to ensure that this target is reached.Funds for education must be used to meet the funding requirements in key areas and strengthen weak links so that they yield better results.We will deepen reform of the educational system, extensively implement well-rounded education, and gradually resolve major problems in examination and enrollment, and in education and teaching.We will carry forward and gradually institutionalize democratic school management.促進義務教育均衡發展，資源配置要向中西部、農村、邊遠、民族地區和城市薄弱學校傾斜。繼續花大氣力推動解決擇校、入園等人民群眾關心的熱點難點問 題。農村中小學布局要因地制宜，處理好提高教育質量和方便孩子們就近上學的關系。辦好農村寄宿學校，實施好農村義務教育學生營養改善計劃。加強校車安全管 理，確保孩子們的人身安全。加強學前教育、繼續教育和特殊教育，建設現代職業教育體系，辦好民族教育。We will promote the balanced development of compulsory education and give preference to schools in the central and western regions, rural areas, remote areas, and ethnic minority areas, and to weak urban schools when allocating resources.We will continue to make great efforts to ease contentious issues of great concern to the people, including paying to enroll one's children in better schools and the shortage of preschools.We will arrange the location of rural primary and secondary schools in light of local conditions, and ensure there is a proper balance between improving the quality of education and placing schools closer to children.We will run rural boarding schools well, and implement the plan for improving nutrition for rural students receiving compulsory education.We will enhance school bus and campus safety to ensure children's safety.We will strengthen preschool, continuing and special education, develop a modern vocational education system, and do a good job educating ethnic minority students.高等教育要與經濟社會發展和國家戰略需要緊密結合，提高教育質量和創新能力。完善國家助學制度，逐步將中等職業教育免學費政策覆 蓋到所有農村學生，擴大普通高中家庭經濟困難學生資助范圍。大力發展民辦教育，鼓勵和引導社會資本進入各級各類教育領域。教育寄托著人民的希望，關系國家 的未來，我們一定要把這項事業辦得更好！Higher education should better meet the needs of economic and social development and China's strategic requirements, and improve its quality and capacity for making innovations.We will improve the state financial aid system for students by gradually making all rural students exempt from paying tuition for secondary vocational education, and by granting financial aid to more students from poor families who attend regular senior secondary schools.We will vigorously develop privately run schools and encourage and guide nongovernmental investment in all types of schools at all levels.The people place their hopes on education, and education is crucial for China's future, so we must achieve even better results in this work.大力推進科技創新。加強國家創新體系建設。深化科技體制改革，推動企業成為技術創新主體，促進科技與經濟緊密結合。支持企業加強研發中心建設，承擔國家和地區重大科技項目。引導科研機構、高等院校的科研力量為企業研發中心服務，更好地實現產學研有機結合，提高科技成果轉化和產業化水平。推動基礎 研究和前沿技術研究，提高原始創新能力。完善科技評價和獎勵制度。倡導學術誠信，鼓勵獨立思考，保障學術自由，弘揚科學精神。堅定不移地實施國家知識產權 戰略。We will vigorously boost innovation in science and technology.We will strengthen the national innovation system.We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology, spur enterprises to become the main source of technological innovation, and more closely integrate science and technology with the economy.We will support enterprises in developing R&D centers and undertaking major national and regional science and technology projects.We will guide research institutes and researchers in universities in providing services to enterprises' technological innovation centers so that enterprises, universities, and research institutes can work more closely together to increase the industrial application of scientific and technological advances.We will boost basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies, and improve our capacity to make original innovations.We will improve the evaluation and incentive system for scientific and technological advances.We will advocate academic integrity, encourage independent thinking, ensure academic freedom, and foster a scientific spirit.We will unwaveringly implement the national strategy on intellectual property rights.全面加強人才工作。深化人才體制改革，大力培養造就高水平創新創業人才、青年人才和急需緊缺人才，引進高層次人才。完善人才培養、任用、評價、激勵機制。努力營造人才輩出、人盡其才、才盡其用的良好社會環境。We will comprehensively strengthen human resource work.We will deepen reform of the personnel management system;energetically train high-level innovative and entrepreneurial personnel, talented young people, and personnel who are urgently needed and in short supply;and attract talented personnel from overseas.We will improve the mechanism for training, employing, evaluating, and giving incentives to talented personnel, and create a favorable social environment for them to come to the fore in large numbers and tap their full potential.(六)切實保障和改善民生 6.Ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing

實現好、維護好、發展好最廣大人民的根本利益是以人為本理念的具體體現。要把保障和改善民生作為政府工作的重要任務。Putting people first is about realizing, upholding, and promoting their fundamental interests.We will make ensuring and improving their wellbeing an important task in the work of the government.千方百計擴大就業。就業是關系國家發展和人民福祉的大事。今年就業壓力仍然很大，各級政府務必堅持就業優先戰略，繼續實施更加積極的就業政策。重點扶持就業容量大的現代服務業、創新型科技企業和小型微型企業，創造更多就業崗位。鼓勵以創業帶動就業。抓好高校畢業生、農民工和城鎮就業困難人員就 業，加強退役軍人技能培訓與就業安置工作。We will make every effort to increase employment.Employment is of great importance to China's development and the people's wellbeing.We will continue to face great employment pressure this year, and governments at all levels must continue to follow the strategy of giving top priority to employment and more actively implement employment policies.We will give high priority to supporting service industries, innovative high-tech enterprises, and small and micro businesses that employ large numbers of people so as to create more jobs.We will encourage the creation of new businesses to stimulate employment.We will help college graduates, rural migrant workers and urban residents having difficulty finding jobs find employment, and strengthen technical training for ex-soldiers and help them find jobs and settle down.鼓勵高校畢業生投身農村、基層、中西部地區建設。加強職業培訓和公共就業服務工作。加快建立健全統一規范靈活的人力資源市場。積極構建和諧勞動關系，加強對勞務派遣的規范管理，開展勞動關系爭議排查，加強勞動監察和調解仲裁，維護勞動者合法權益。

We will encourage college graduates to pursue careers in rural areas, local communities and the central and western regions.We will strengthen vocational training and public employment services.We will accelerate development of a sound, unified, standardized, and flexible human resources market.We will promote harmonious labor relations, increase supervision of labor dispatch, settle labor relations disputes, and intensify supervision, mediation, and arbitration of labor disputes to protect the legitimate rights and interests of employees.加快完善社會保障體系。今年年底前實現新型農村社會養老保險和城鎮居民社會養老保險制度全覆蓋。擴大各項社會保險覆蓋面。增加企業退休人員基本 養老金。加強城鄉低保和社會救助工作，加快發展社會福利事業和慈善事業。加強各項社會保障制度銜接。多渠道增加社會保障基金，加強社會保險基金、社會保障 基金投資監管，實現保值增值。加強社保服務能力建設，有條件的地方可對各類社保經辦機構進行整合歸并，有些服務可委托銀行、商業保險機構代辦。加快全國統 一的社會保障卡發放。We will accelerate improvements to the social security system.By the end of the year, we will have achieved full coverage of the new old-age pension system for rural residents and the old-age pension system for non-working urban residents.We will expand coverage of all types of social insurance.We will raise the basic pension for enterprise retirees.We will increase urban and rural subsistence allowances and social aid, and accelerate development of social welfare programs and charities.We will better coordinate all aspects of the social safety net.We will increase the social security fund through a variety of channels, and strengthen oversight and supervision of investment from the social insurance fund and social security fund to increase their value.We will strengthen capacity building for social security services, allow localities where conditions permit to integrate and merge social security agencies, and entrust some services to banks or commercial insurance institutions.We will accelerate the work of introducing all-in-one national social security cards.大力推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展。加快健全全民醫保體系，鞏固擴大基本醫保覆蓋面，提高基本醫療保障水平和管理服務水平。城鎮居民醫保和新農合補 助標準提高到每人每年240元。全面推開尿毒癥等8類大病保障，將肺癌等12類大病納入保障和救助試點范圍。鞏固完善基本藥物制度，加強基層醫療衛生服務 體系建設。We will vigorously promote the development and reform of medical and healthcare services.We will move faster to improve the medical insurance system covering the whole population, consolidate and expand the coverage of basic medical insurance, and enhance our capability to provide and manage basic medical services.We will raise subsidies for medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system to 240 yuan per person per year.We will fully introduce social insurance against uraemia and seven other major diseases and include lung cancer and 11 other major diseases in the pilot program to provide insurance and aid for their treatment.We will consolidate and improve the system for basic drugs and improve the community-level medical and health care system.推進公立醫院改革，實行醫藥分開、管辦分開，破除以藥補醫機制。鼓勵引導社會資本辦醫，加快形成對外開放的多元辦醫格局。充分調動醫務工作者積 極性，建立和諧的醫患關系。加強公共衛生服務，預防控制嚴重威脅群眾健康的重大傳染病、慢性病、職業病。加強藥品安全工作。扶持和促進中醫藥和民族醫藥事 業發展。We will push forward reform of public hospitals, so that medical care is separated from pharmacy operations, government management is separated from hospital operations, and the practice of using pharmacy profits to subsidize medical services is ended.We will encourage and guide nongovernmental investment in hospitals, and speed up the creation of a system of hospitals with diversified ownership that is open to foreign participation.We will boost the morale of medical workers and build harmonious relations between doctors and patients.We will improve public health services and prevent and control major communicable, chronic and occupational diseases that pose a major health hazard.We will tighten control over drug safety.We will support and promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the medical practices of ethnic minorities.全面做好人口和計劃生育工作。繼續穩定低生育水平，綜合治理出生人口性別比偏高問題，提高出生人口質量。加快實現計劃生育優質服務全覆蓋，將免費孕 前優生健康檢查試點范圍擴大到60%的縣(市、區)。提高農村部分計劃生育家庭獎勵扶助、特殊扶助標準。加強流動人口計劃生育服務管理。We will comprehensively carry out work relating to population and family planning.We will continue to keep the birthrate low, redress gender imbalance through various means, and improve the health of infants.We will achieve full coverage of quality family planning services more quickly than planned and extend the trial program of free pre-pregnancy checkups to 60% of China's counties and county-level cities and districts.We will increase the rewards and special assistance to the rural families that observe the state's family planning policy.We will increase family planning services to the floating population and improve management of such services.做好婦女兒童工作，擴大農村婦女宮頸癌、乳腺癌免費檢查覆蓋面，提高婦女兒童發展和權益保障水平。進一步完善殘疾人社會保障體系和服務體系。積極發展老齡事業，加快建設社會養老服務體系，努力讓城鄉老年人都老有所養，幸福安度晚年。We will do our work related to women and children well.We will extend free cervical cancer and breast cancer screening to more rural women, improve the wellbeing of women and children and better guarantee their rights and interests.We will further improve the social security system and the system of services for people with disabilities.We will actively develop programs for the elderly and accelerate development of a system of social services for urban and rural seniors so they can live their later years in contentment.繼續搞好房地產市場調控和保障性安居工程建設。嚴格執行并逐步完善抑制投機、投資性需求的政策措施，進一步鞏固調控成果，促進房價合理回歸。繼 續推進保障性安居工程建設，在確保質量的前提下，基本建成500萬套，新開工700萬套以上。抓緊完善保障性住房建設、分配、管理、退出等制度。采取有效 措施，增加普通商品住房供給。加快建設城鎮住房信息系統，改革房地產稅收制度，促進房地產市場長期平穩健康發展。We will continue to regulate the real estate market and develop low-income housing.We will strictly implement and gradually improve policies and measures for discouraging speculative or investment-driven housing demand, build on progress made in regulating the real estate market, and bring property prices down to a reasonable level.We will continue to develop low-income housing, and basically complete five million units and start construction on over seven million units, ensuring they are built to a high standard.We will work speedily to improve the system for constructing, allocating, managing, and recalling low-income housing units.We will take effective measures to increase supply of regular commodity housing.We will accelerate development of an urban housing information system and reform the real estate tax system to promote long-term, steady, and sound growth of the real estate market.加強和創新社會管理。加強社會矛盾化解、社會管理創新、公正廉潔執法。強化政府社會管理和公共服務職能。提高城鄉基層群眾性自治組織的自治能力。積極穩妥推進戶籍管理制度改革，推動實行居住證制度，為流動人口提供更好服務。以信息共享、互聯互通為重點，加快建設國家電子政務網。大力推進政務誠信、商務誠信、社會誠信建設，構建覆蓋全社會的誠信系統。We will strengthen and make innovations in social administration.We will work hard to resolve social conflicts, make innovations in social administration, and enforce the law impartially and with integrity.We will strengthen government functions for conducting social administration and providing public services.We will strengthen the self-governing capabilities of rural and urban community self-governing organizations.We will get social organizations to play an active role in social administration.We will actively yet prudently carry forward the reform of the household registration system, implement the residence permit system, and provide better services to the floating population.We will accelerate the development of a national e-government network, with the focus on sharing information and achieving national interconnectivity.We will vigorously give impetus to government, business, and public integrity, and create a credit information system for the whole society.加強和改進互聯網管理，營造健康的網絡環境。健全重大決策社會穩定風險評估機制和突發事件應急管理機制。實施安全發展戰略，加強安全生產監管，防止重特大事故發生。深入開展打擊侵犯知識產權和制售假冒偽劣商品行動。增強食品安全監管能力，提高食品安全水平。加強和改進信訪工作。加強法律服務和法 律援助。嚴密防范和依法打擊違法犯罪活動，保障人民群眾生命財產安全。We will strengthen and improve management of the Internet and foster a healthy cyberspace environment.We will improve the mechanism for assessing risks major policy decisions may pose for social stability and the mechanism for managing responses to emergencies.We will implement the strategy of ensuring safety in development, tighten oversight over workplace safety, and prevent the occurrence of serious and major accidents.We will carry out an intense crackdown on violations of intellectual property rights and the manufacture and sale of counterfeit or substandard goods.We will enhance our food safety oversight capability and raise the level of food safety.We will strengthen and improve the handling of public complaints made through letters and visits and improve the mechanism whereby the masses express appeals concerning matters affecting their interests.We will strengthen legal services and assistance.We will be on high alert for and crack down on crime in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property.(七)促進文化大發展大繁榮 7.Promoting the great development and flourishing of culture

文化是人類的精神家園，優秀文化傳承是一個民族生生不息的血脈。要提供優質豐富的文化產品，不斷滿足人民群眾的精神文化需求。深入推進社會主義 核心價值體系建設。加強社會公德、職業道德、家庭美德和個人品德教育，做好青少年思想道德教育工作，努力形成知榮辱、講正氣、守誠信、作奉獻、促和諧的良 好風尚。大力發展公益性文化事業。以農村和中西部地區為重點，加強基層文化設施建設。Culture gives human beings a sense of belonging, and passing on fine culture is essential in maintaining the everlasting vitality of a nation.We will provide a large quantity of high-quality cultural products to meet people's demand for culture.We will intensively promote development of the system of core socialist values.We will strengthen education with regard to social codes of conduct, professional ethics, family virtues, and individual integrity.We will educate children and young people about values and strive to create a social atmosphere that promotes morality, integrity, dedication, and harmony.We will vigorously promote nonprofit cultural services and strengthen cultural infrastructure in communities, particularly in rural areas and the central and western regions.推動哲學社會科學繁榮發展，積極發展新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術和檔案事業。加強文化遺產保護，繁榮發展少數民族文化事業。深化文化體制改 革，繼續推動經營性文化單位轉企改制。提高文化產業規?；?、集約化、專業化水平，推動文化產業成為國民經濟支柱性產業。深入開展對外人文交流，促進中外文 化相互借鑒。廣泛開展全民健身活動，增強人民體質，促進體育事業和體育產業協調發展。中華文化具有強大的向心力和震撼力，當代中華兒女一定要肩負起弘揚中 華文化的歷史重任。We will promote the flourishing of philosophy and the social sciences, and actively develop the press, publishing, radio, film, television, literature, art, and archives.We will better protect our cultural heritage and foster the flourishing of ethnic minority cultures.We will deepen reform of the cultural system and continue to transform for-profit cultural institutions into enterprises.We will make the cultural industry larger, more intensive, and more specialized;and turn it into a pillar of the economy.We will intensify cultural and people-to-people exchanges with other countries so that we learn from each other's strengths.We will extensively carry out public fitness activities to make the people healthier, and promote the balanced development of sports activities and the sports industry.Chinese culture is highly cohesive and inspiring, and we Chinese today must shoulder the historic duty of advancing it.(八)深入推進重點領域改革 8.Deepening reforms in key areas

改革開放是決定中國前途命運的正確抉擇。必須按照科學發展觀要求，尊重群眾首創精神，大膽探索，以更大決心和勇氣繼續全面推進經濟體制、政治體制等各項改革，破解發展難題。Reform and opening up are the right choice we made for China's destiny and future.We must respect the people's creativity;boldly explore new ways;continue to promote all reforms, including the reform of China's economic and political systems, with greater resolve and courage;and solve complex issues in development in line with the requirements of the Scientific Outlook on Development.當前和今后一段時期，改革的重點領域和關鍵環節是： Now and for some time to come, reform will be focused on the following key areas and crucial links.進一步轉變政府職能，完善宏觀調控體系，理順政府與市場的關系，更好地發揮市場配置資源的基礎性作用；推進財稅體制改革，理順中央與地方及地方 各級政府間財政分配關系，更好地調動中央和地方兩個積極性；深化土地、戶籍、公共服務改革，理順城市與農村的關系，推動工業化、城鎮化和農業現代化協調發 展；推進社會事業、收入分配等改革，理順經濟與社會發展的關系，有效保障社會公平正義；推進依法行政和社會管理創新，理順政府與公民和社會組織的關系，建 設服務、責任、法治、廉潔政府。We will further transform government functions, improve macro-controls, balance the relationship between government and the market, and make better use of the basic role of the market in allocating resources.We will advance reform of the fiscal and taxation systems, better balance the distribution of fiscal resources between the central and local governments and between all levels of local governments, and better arouse the initiative of both the central and local governments.We will deepen reforms of land, household registration and public services;balance the relationship between urban and rural areas;and promote coordinated development of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization.We will carry forward reforms in social programs and income distribution, strike a balance between economic and social development, and effectively safeguard social fairness and justice.We will run the government in accordance with the law and promote innovation in social administration, properly handle the relationship among the government, citizens and social organizations, and build a service-oriented, responsible, law-based and clean government.今年改革的重點任務是：深化財稅金融體制改革。完善分稅制，健全轉移支付制度，提高一般性轉移支付規模和比例。完善縣級基本財力保障機制。穩步 推進地方財政預算、決算公開。深化國庫集中收付、政府采購及國債管理制度改革。健全消費稅制度。全面深化資源稅改革，擴大從價計征范圍。深入推進國有控股 大型金融機構改革，規范發展小型金融機構，健全服務小型微型企業和“三農”的體制機制。The major tasks for reform this year are as follows: We will deepen reform of the fiscal, taxation and financial systems.We will improve the revenue-sharing system and the system of transfer payments, and increase the scale and proportion of general transfer payments.We will improve the mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments, and make the budgets and final accounts of local governments more transparent.We will deepen reform of the systems for treasury's centralized revenue collection and expenditure payments, government procurement, and central government debt management.We will improve the excise tax system, comprehensively deepen the reform of resource taxes, and set taxes on more commodities on the basis of their prices.We will thoroughly carry out reform of large financial institutions in which the state holds the controlling stake, ensure orderly development of small financial institutions, and improve the systems and mechanisms that serve small and micro businesses as well as agriculture, rural areas and farmers.We will implement new oversight and supervision standards for the banking industry, work toward establishing a deposit insurance system, and deepen the reform of policy-based financial institutions.We will improve both initial public offerings and delistings, and ensure better protection of returns on investors' money and their rights and interests.We will actively develop the bond market, accelerate reform and development of the insurance industry, and make interest rates more market based.We will work steadily to make the RMB convertible under capital accounts and expand the use of RMB in cross-border trade and investment.推動多種所有制經濟共同發展。毫不動搖地鞏固和發展公有制經濟，毫不動搖地鼓勵、支持、引導非公有制經濟發展。深入推進國有經濟戰略性調整，完 善國有資本有進有退、合理流動機制。研究推進鐵路、電力等行業改革。完善和落實促進非公有制經濟發展的各項政策措施，打破壟斷，放寬準入，鼓勵民間資本進 入鐵路、市政、金融、能源、電信、教育、醫療等領域，營造各類所有制經濟公平競爭、共同發展的環境。We will promote the common development of economic entities under diverse forms of ownership.We will unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public sector and encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector.We will thoroughly carry out strategic adjustment of the state sector, and improve the mechanism for increasing investment of state capital in some sectors while reducing it in others to ensure its sound flow.We will promote reform of the railway and power industries.We will improve and implement policies and measures for developing the non-public sector;break up monopolies and relax restrictions on market access;encourage nongovernmental investment in railways, public utilities, finance, energy, telecommunications, education, and medical care;and create a fair environment in which economic entities under all forms of ownership can compete and develop together.深化價格改革。穩妥推進電價改革，實施居民階梯電價改革方案，完善水電、核電及可再生能源定價機制。逐步理順煤電價格關系。完善成品油價格改 革，推進天然氣價格改革。實行最嚴格的水資源管理制度，合理制定和調整各地水資源費征收標準，推進農業水價綜合改革。開展碳排放和排污權交易試點。加快建 立完善生態補償機制。We will deepen price reforms.We will prudently carry out reform of electricity prices by implementing progressive pricing for household electricity consumption and improving pricing mechanisms for nuclear power, hydropower, and power generated from other renewable energy sources.We will make the price of electricity better reflect the price of coal.We will reform the prices of refined oil products and proceed with the price reform of natural gas.We will impose the strictest control over water resources, rationally set and adjust water resource fees in different localities, and carry out integrated price reform of water used for agricultural purposes.We will start trials of trading carbon emissions and the cap-and-trade scheme for pollution rights.深化收入分配制度改革。抓緊制定收入分配體制改革總體方案。努力提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。完善工 資制度，建立工資正常增長機制，穩步提高最低工資標準。創造條件增加居民財產性收入。建立公共資源出讓收益的全民共享機制。加大對高收入者的稅收調節力 度，嚴格規范國有企業、金融機構高管人員薪酬管理，擴大中等收入者比重，提高低收入者的收入，促進機會公平。規范收入分配秩序，有效保護合法收入，堅決取 締非法收入，盡快扭轉收入差距擴大的趨勢。We will deepen reform of the income distribution system.We will promptly formulate a master plan for reforming the income distribution system, strive to raise the proportion of individual income in national income, and raise the proportion of remuneration in the primary distribution.We will improve the salary system, put in place a mechanism for regular salary increases, and steadily raise the minimum wage.We will create conditions to increase people's income from property.We will establish a mechanism whereby the public share the proceeds from the sale of public resources.We will take further steps to adjust taxes for high-income groups, strictly standardize supervision of pay and bonuses for senior management in state-owned enterprises and financial institutions, expand the proportion of middle-income groups, raise the incomes of low-income groups, and promote equal opportunity.We will ensure that income distribution is governed by proper standards, effectively protect lawful income, and resolutely ban illegal income.We will quickly reverse the trend of a widening income gap.積極穩妥推進事業單位分類改革。科學劃分事業單位類別，分類指導、分業推進、分級組織、分步實施，深化事業單位管理體制和人事、收入分配、社會保障制度改革。We will actively yet prudently carry out reform of public institutions based on their classification.We will classify public institutions scientifically, provide targeted guidance to each class, and phase in reforms sector by sector, level by level, and step by step to deepen reform of the systems of management, personnel, income distribution, and social security for public institutions.加快推進政府改革。擴大社會主義民主，依法實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監督，保障人民的知情權、參與權、表達權和監督權。全面貫徹 依法治國基本方略，尊重和維護憲法和法律的權威，嚴格依法行政，堅決糾正有法不依、執法不嚴、違法不究、粗暴執法、瀆職失職和執法腐敗等行為。We will accelerate government reform.We will expand socialist democracy;conduct democratic election, decision making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law;and protect people's rights to stay informed about, participate in, express views on, and oversee government affairs.We will implement the basic strategy of enforcing the law in both letter and spirit, respect and uphold the sanctity of the Constitution and laws, and govern in strict accordance with the law.We will resolutely rectify the problems of laws not being abided by or fully enforced, lawbreakers not being prosecuted, uncivilized law enforcement, dereliction and neglect of duty, and corrupt practices in law enforcement.加強廉政建設，深入開展反腐敗斗爭，扎實推進懲治和預防腐敗體系建設的各項長期性、基礎性工作，著力解決人民群眾反映強烈的突出問題。嚴格依法 設定、實施、清理、規范行政審批事項。嚴禁領導干部插手政府采購、工程招標、土地礦業權拍賣等經濟活動。嚴格執行領導干部廉潔從政各項規定。加強行政監 督、民主監督、輿論監督。堅決查處各類違紀違法案件，嚴厲懲治腐敗分子。We will work harder to build clean government.To do so, we will fight corruption, effectively carry out the long-term and basic work needed to improve the system of preventing and punishing corruption, and give high priority to solving serious problems that the people are resentful about.We will identify, handle, review and standardize matters subject to administrative approval in strict accordance with the law.Leading officials are strictly forbidden to interfere in economic activities such as government procurement, project tendering and the auctioning of land-use and mining rights.We will strictly implement all regulations which require leading officials to uphold integrity in the performance of their official duties.We will strengthen administrative and democratic oversight and oversight through public opinion, resolutely investigate and prosecute violations of the law or discipline, and severely punish corruptionists.(九)努力提高對外開放的質量和水平9.Striving to improve the opening up policy

我國對外開放已進入新的階段，進出口貿易、雙向投資的地位和作用發生了深刻變化。必須適應新的形勢，創新對外經濟工作思路，轉變對外經濟發展方式，提升開放型經濟水平，形成開放型經濟新格局。China has entered a new stage of opening up in which the position and role of imports and exports as well as two-way investment have profoundly changed.We must adapt to changing circumstances, adopt new ways of thinking about our external economic work, change the mode of China's external economic growth, open China's economy wider and bring about a new phase in China's open economy.保持對外貿易穩定發展。我們強調擴大內需，但決不能忽視外需對我國經濟發展的重要作用。要保持外貿政策基本穩定。穩定出口退稅政策，擴大貿易融 資和信用保險，改進海關、質檢、外匯等方面的監管和服務，幫助企業克服訂單不足、成本升高、摩擦增多等多重困難和壓力。要加快轉變外貿發展方式。深入實施 科技興貿、以質取勝和市場多元化戰略，支持企業培育自主品牌、營銷網絡和研發中心，引導加工貿易向產業鏈高端延伸、向中西部轉移。鞏固美日歐傳統市場，開拓新興市場。We will maintain steady growth in foreign trade.While expanding domestic demand is crucial, we can never overlook the importance of external demand in China's economic development.We will maintain general continuity in China's foreign trade policy.We will continue to implement the export tax rebate policy;increase trade financing and credit insurance;ensure that customs, quality inspectors, and foreign exchange authorities improve their supervision and services;and help enterprises overcome difficulties and pressures resulting from falling orders, rising costs, and increasing trade friction.We will speed up transformation of the way we develop foreign trade.We will fully implement the strategy of boosting trade through upgrading technologies, improving quality, and diversifying markets.We will support enterprises in building their own brands, marketing networks, and R&D centers, and guide our processing trade to move up the industrial chain and shift to the central and western regions.We will consolidate traditional markets in the United States, Japan, and Europe and open up emerging markets.穩定勞動密集型產品出口，擴大高技術、高附加值產品出口，控制高耗能、高污染產品出口。大力發展服務貿易，承接服務外包。制定加強進口、促進貿易平衡的指導意見，完善進口政策，搭建更多的進口促進平臺，推動進出口平衡發展。We will keep labor-intensive exports stable, expand the export of high-tech and high-value-added products, and limit the export of goods whose production is energy intensive and highly polluting.We will work hard to promote trade in services and undertake more services outsourced by other countries.We will adopt guidelines to increase imports and promote trade balance, improve import policies, build more platforms to promote imports, and work for balanced growth of exports and imports.提高利用外資質量。堅持積極有效利用外資的方針，更加注重優化結構和提高質量。實施新修訂的外商投資產業指導目錄，引導外資更多投向先進制造業、高新技術產業、節能環保產業、現代服務業和中西部地區。We will improve the use of foreign capital.We will adhere to the policy of actively and effectively utilizing foreign capital and give greater importance to optimizing its structure and raising its quality.We will implement the newly revised Proposed List of Industries for Foreign Investment, and encourage more foreign investment in advanced manufacturing, new and high technologies, energy conservation, environmental protection, new service industries, and the central and western regions.實施“走出去”戰略。我國正處于對外投資加快發展的重要階段，要加強宏觀指導，強化政策支持，簡化審批手續，健全服務保障。引導各類所有制企業 有序開展境外能源、原材料、農業、制造業、服務業、基礎設施等領域投資合作和跨國并購。創新境外經貿合作區發展模式，支持“走出去”的企業相互協同、集群 發展。放寬居民境外投資限制。加強對外投資風險管理，維護我境外企業人員和資產安全。We will implement the “go global” strategy.With China's outward investment in an important stage of accelerated development, we will enhance macro-guidance, increase policy support, streamline approval procedures, and improve services for Chinese investors.We will guide Chinese enterprises under various forms of ownership in making overseas investments, mergers and acquisitions in energy, raw materials, agriculture, manufacturing, service industries, and infrastructure in an orderly manner.We will explore new models for overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, and support companies making overseas investments in coordinating their growth and forming clusters.We will standardize development of cooperative overseas labor services.Restrictions on individuals investing overseas will be relaxed.We will strengthen risk management of overseas investments and protect the safety of employees and assets of Chinese enterprises operating overseas.參與全球經濟治理和區域合作。努力保持與發達國家經貿關系穩定發展，全面深化與發展中國家的互利合作。繼續推進自貿區建設和區域經濟一體化進 程。積極參與二十國集團等全球經濟治理機制建設，加強與主要經濟體宏觀經濟政策協調，反對各種形式的保護主義，繼續在多哈回合談判、國際金融體系改革中發 揮建設性作用。We will participate in global economic governance and regional cooperation.We will strive to maintain steady growth of China's economic and trade relations with developed countries and comprehensively deepen mutually beneficial cooperation with developing countries.We will continue to promote development of free trade zones and regional economic integration.We will actively participate in building mechanisms for global economic governance such as the G20, strengthen coordination with major economies on macroeconomic policy, oppose protectionism in all its forms, and continue to play a constructive role in the Doha Round of trade talks and the reform of the international financial system.各位代表！我國是統一的多民族國家，各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發展，國家才能興旺發達。要堅持和完善民族區域自治制度，認真貫徹落實中央支 持少數民族和民族地區發展的政策措施，大力實施扶持人口較少民族發展、推進興邊富民行動和發展少數民族事業規劃。堅定不移地鞏固和發展平等團結互助和諧的 社會主義民族關系。Fellow deputies, China is a unified, multiethnic country.Only when its ethnic groups are united as one and work for the development of all can China achieve prosperity.We will adhere to and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, fully implement the central leadership's policies and measures for supporting the development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and energetically implement plans to support development of ethnic groups with small populations, projects to bring prosperity to border areas and residents there, and services for ethnic minorities.We will unwaveringly consolidate and develop socialist ethnic relations of equality, solidarity, mutual assistance, and harmony.認真貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針。維護宗教團體、宗教界人士和信教群眾的合法權益，充分發揮他們在促進經濟發展、文化繁榮、社會和諧中的積極作用。全面貫徹黨的僑務政策。維護海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷合法權益，支持他們積極參與祖國現代化建設與和平統一大業。We will fully implement the Party's policy on overseas Chinese affairs, protect the lawful rights and interests of overseas Chinese and returned overseas Chinese and their relatives, and support them in taking an active part in the endeavor to modernize China and in advancing the great cause of China's peaceful reunification.各位代表！鞏固的國防和強大的軍隊，是維護國家主權、安全和發展利益的堅強后盾。要著眼全面履行新世紀新階段軍隊歷史使命，全面加強軍隊革命化現代化正規化建設，不斷提高以打贏信息化條件下局部戰爭能力為核心的完成多樣化軍事任務的能力。加強思想政治建 設，堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導的根本原則和人民軍隊的根本宗旨。積極開展信息化條件下軍事訓練。Fellow deputies, strong national defense and powerful armed forces provide a firm guarantee for safeguarding China's sovereignty, security, and development interests.We will make the armed forces more revolutionary, modern, and standardized in all respects so they can comprehensively accomplish their historic mission at the new stage in the new century.We will enhance the armed forces' capability to accomplish a wide range of military tasks, the most important of which is to win local wars under information-age conditions.We will strengthen their ideological and political standards, and adhere to the fundamental principle of the Party having absolute leadership over the armed forces, and we should maintain the Chinese armed forces' fundamental purpose of being an army of the people.We will vigorously carry out military training under information-age conditions.加快全面建設現代后勤步伐。大力提高國防科技和武器裝備自主創新能力。著力培養高素質新型軍事人才。積極穩妥地實施國防和軍隊改革。堅持依法治 軍、從嚴治軍。全面建設現代化武裝警察力量。加強國防動員和后備力量建設。堅決完成反恐維穩、處置突發事件、搶險救災等任務。堅持軍民結合、寓軍于民，走 中國特色軍民融合式發展路子。鞏固發展軍政軍民團結。We will accelerate the modernization of the logistics support system, and vigorously enhance our capacity for making innovations in defense-related science and technology and in weapons and equipment development.We will focus on training a new type of highly competent military personnel.We will actively yet prudently carry out reform of national defense and the armed forces.We will run the armed forces with strict discipline and in accordance with the law.We will comprehensively modernize the armed police force.We will strengthen national defense mobilization and improve our reserves.We will ensure the armed forces resolutely accomplish the tasks of combating terrorism, maintaining stability, handling emergencies, and relieving disasters.We will follow the path of integrated military and civilian development with Chinese characteristics by unifying military and civilian industries and embedding military programs in civilian industries.We will consolidate and develop solidarity between the military and the government and between the military and the people.各位代表！香港、澳門與祖國休戚相關、榮辱與共。我們將堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，全力支持香 港、澳門發展經濟，改善民生，推進民主。支持特區政府積極應對國際經濟風險挑戰，維護經濟金融穩定和長期繁榮發展。銜接和落實好支持港澳經濟社會發展的系 列政策措施，大幅提升內地對港澳服務貿易開放水平，加快推進港珠澳大橋等基礎設施建設和對接，深化合作，支持港澳參與國際和區域經濟合作。Fellow deputies, Hong Kong and Macao are closely bound with the mainland of China and we share a common destiny.We will unwaveringly implement the principle of “one country, two systems” under which the people of Hong Kong govern Hong Kong and the people of Macao govern Macao and both regions enjoy a high degree of autonomy, and we will fully support the two regions in growing their economies, improving the people's wellbeing and promoting democracy.We support the governments of the two special administrative regions in meeting the challenges of international economic risks and in upholding economic and financial stability and ensuring long-term prosperity and development.We will implement coordinated policies and measures for supporting the economic and social development of Hong Kong and Macao, open the mainland much wider to trade in services with the two regions, accelerate the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and other shared infrastructure projects, and deepen cooperation with Hong Kong and Macao to support them in participating in international and regional economic cooperation.支持香港鞏固和提升國際金融、貿易、航運中心地位，建設離岸人民幣業務中心。支持澳門建設世界旅游休閑中心，推進橫琴新區建設，促進經濟適度多元發展。我們相信，有偉大祖國作為堅強后盾，香港、澳門同胞一定能夠把自己的家園建設得更加美好！We support Hong Kong in consolidating and elevating its position as an international financial, trade, and shipping center, and in becoming a center of offshore RMB transactions.We support Macao in becoming a world center of tourism and leisure, building the Hengqin New Area, and diversifying Macao's economy as necessary.We believe that with the staunch support of the great motherland, our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao will certainly create an even brighter future for themselves.過去的一年，兩岸關系經受了嚴峻考驗，取得了積極進展。反對“臺獨”、認同“九二共識”，鞏固交流合作成果，促進兩岸關系和平發展，日益成為兩 岸同胞的共同意愿。新的一年，我們要繼續堅持中央對臺工作的大政方針，增強兩岸關系發展的政治、經濟、文化和民意基礎，拓展兩岸關系和平發展新局面。Last year, relations across the Taiwan Straits withstood serious tests and improved considerably.Opposing Taiwan independence, accepting the 1992 Consensus, consolidating achievements in exchanges and cooperation, and promoting peaceful development of cross-Straits relations have increasingly become shared aspirations of the people on both sides of the Straits.In 2012, we will adhere to the central leadership's policies on work related to Taiwan;strengthen the political, economic, and cultural foundation and public support for growing cross-Straits relations;and make further progress in promoting their peaceful development.要全面深化經濟金融合作，推動兩岸經濟合作框架協議后續商談取得新進展。加快海峽西岸經濟區建設。積極擴大各界往來，開展文化、教育等交流，使兩岸同胞聯系更緊密，感情更貼近，利益更融合。全體中華兒女要更加緊密地團結起來，為完成祖國統一大業、實現中華民族偉大復興而努力奮斗！We will deepen all-around cross-Straits economic and financial cooperation, and strive to make new progress in the follow-up talks on the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement.We will accelerate development of the Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone.We will energetically expand cross-Straits exchanges between people from all walks of life and carry out cultural, educational and other exchanges to forge a closer bond and increase mutual attachment and common interests between the two sides.All Chinese people should unite more closely and endeavor to accomplish the great cause of China's reunification and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.各位代表！新的一年，外交工作要更好地服務于改革開放和社會主義現代化建設大局，為促進世界經濟增長、維護和平穩定作出更大貢獻。我們將繼續深化同周邊國家的睦鄰友好關系，積極參與周邊各種合作機制，推動區域合作深入發展，共同營造和平穩定、平等互信、合作共贏的地區環境。我們將與廣大發展中國家加強團結合作，深化傳統友誼，擴大互利合作，推動實現聯合國千年發展目標，維護發展中國家的正當權益和共同利益。Fellow deputies, in the new year, China's diplomacy should better promote the country's over-arching goal of promoting reform, opening up, and socialist modernization;and make greater contributions to global economic growth and world peace and stability.We will continue to deepen friendly relations with our neighbors;actively participate in cooperation mechanisms with them;deepen regional cooperation;and work with them in creating a regional environment of peace, stability, equality, mutual trust, cooperation, and mutual benefit.我們將加強與各大國的戰略對話，增進戰略互信，拓展合作領域，推進相互關系長期穩定健康發展。我們將積極參與多邊事務和全球治理，推動國際秩序朝著更加公正合理的方向發展。我們將堅定不移地走和平發展道路，堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策，奉行互利共贏的開放戰略，同世界各國一道，為促進人類文明進步，增進各國人民的福祉和建設一個持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界而不懈努力！We will enhance unity and cooperation with other developing countries, deepen traditional friendships, expand mutually beneficial cooperation, help achieve the UN Millennium Development Goals, and uphold the legitimate rights and interests as well as the common interests of developing countries.We will increase strategic dialogue with other major countries to promote strategic mutual trust, broaden areas of cooperation, and promote the long-term, steady, and sound growth of our relations with them.We will actively participate in multilateral affairs and global governance and contribute to making the international political and economic order more just and equitable.We will adhere to the path of peaceful development, continue to pursue an independent foreign policy of peace, and follow an open strategy of mutual benefit.We will work tirelessly with other countries to advance human civilization, improve the wellbeing of people in all countries, and build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.各位代表！回顧過去，我們拼搏奮進，取得顯著成就；展望未來，我們任重道遠，仍須不懈努力。讓我們緊密團結在以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央周圍，解放思想，開拓創新，扎實工作，奮力開創社會主義現代化建設新局面！In the past, we have achieved remarkable progress through hard work.In the future, we must continue to work tirelessly to accomplish the important tasks on the road ahead.Let all of us rally closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, free our minds, forge ahead in the spirit of innovation, make solid progress in our work, and strive to further advance socialist modernization

第五篇：2011溫總理政府工作報告心得

2011溫總理政府工作報告心得

在今年的政府工作報告中，溫總理主要從“十一五”時期國民經濟和社會發展的回顧、“十二五”時期的主要目標和任務、2011年的工作這三個方面對過去五年的工作和未來五年的工作展望以及對2011年工作的布置做了重點闡述。

溫總理首先對“十一五”時期我國取得的一些輝煌成就做了具體深刻的說明：首先是生產力水平和綜合國力水平顯著提高，其次是各項社會事業加快發展、人民生活明顯改善，然后是改革開放取得重大進展，重點領域和關鍵環節改革實現新突破，最后是我國國際地位和影響力顯著提高。

在“十一五”時期雖然在世界多極化和經濟全球化的大環境下世界金融危機波及我國的各個產業，但在中國共產黨的堅強領導和中國政府的大力宏觀調控下我國迅速走出金融危機，并帶領世界經濟復蘇；在這五年里國家將更多的資源投入到科教文衛事業上來，覆蓋城鄉的社會保障體系逐步健全；改革開放水平大大提高，社會主義市場經濟體制更加完善，對外型經濟水平大大提高；我國還在“十一五”時期成功舉辦奧運會和世博會，完成了中國人的百年夢想。

今年政府工作報告中總理提到國內生產總值增長8%左右，經濟結構進一步優化，居民消費價格總水平漲幅控制在4%左右與2010年相同的是國內生產總值增長8%左右，面對2011年我國經濟總量世界第二的形勢，提出國內生產總值增長8%左右說明我國政府對我國經濟發展前景還是相當有自信的，連續兩年提到經濟結構要進一步優化表明了我國政府對于調整經濟結構的迫切希望，與去年不同的是CPI漲幅由3%調到現在的4%，雖然在國際油價節節攀升北非局勢不斷動蕩的情況下我國對經濟的宏觀調控能力還是相當有把握的。

今年一大看點就是政府跨境資本密切監控防范“熱錢”流入，眾所周知熱錢是導致我國房地產價格居高不下的一個重要原因以及熱錢的涌入造成了我國股市曾經一度達到漲停的狀態，但是去年政府工作報告中提出，要繼續完善人民幣匯率形成機制，保持人民幣匯率在合理、均衡水平上的基本穩定。而今年就人民幣匯率方面的表述則縮減為一句“進一步完善人民幣匯率形成機制”，未提及匯率的具體目標。

今年政府提出大力發展文化產業，培育新型文化業態，推動文化產業成為國民經濟支柱性產業，去年僅僅是大力加強文化建設沒有提到要把文化產業建設為國民經濟支柱型產業，占比達到5%以上可稱為支柱產業。，目前文化產業占我國GDP比重約為2.5%，因此要推動文化產業成為國民經濟支柱性產業，意味著未來五年文化產業增速將飛速提高。說明我國對文化產業的重視力度顯著提高，扶持力度大大加強，未來文化產業的發展將進入快車道。在醫療衛生方面今年政府提出推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展，要把新農合和城鎮居民醫保財政補助標準提高到200元，全國人均基本公共衛生服務經費標準提高到25元，與去年相比補助標準在前年提高50%的標準下又提高了80元隨著醫改的深入，政府和社會衛生支出占衛生總費用比重已經從2001年的40%提高到61.8%，表明政府政策越來越向民生方面傾斜。針對目前房價居高不下的狀況，政府工作報告中除了重點發展公共租賃住房，中央財政預算擬安排補助資金1030億元，比上年增加265億元，加強宏觀調控等這些與前幾年提出的政策一樣的之外，還有建立健全考核問責機制，穩定房價和住房保障工作實行省級人民政府負總責，市縣人民政府負直接責任。有關部門要加快完善巡查、考評、約談和問責制度，對穩定房價、推進保障性住房建設工作不力，從而影響社會發展和穩定的地方，要追究責任，雖然工作報告中沒有明確的指出追究什么責任，但我覺得這不僅僅是政策上的進步，而且也有一定的威懾作用，因為我們都知道房產稅是地方稅，收入由地方收，房地產價格的提高很大一部分是由地方為了征收更多的稅造成的，但報告中指出要健全問責機制，這一定程度上可以遏制房產價格的提高，因為我覺得雖然沒有出臺詳細的責任問責但地方官員不會為了征收稅而置自己的仕途于不顧，到我們要看到么有詳細的問責機制也不是長遠遏制房價的辦

法，所以我很希望在明年的政府工作報告中可以看到明確的問責機制。

對收入分配方面，這幾年國民收入分配失衡問題日益凸顯，去年是改革收入分配制度，今年報告中指出的是合理調整收入分配關系，說明收入分配在政府的關注下得到了較大的調整，但還是存在較多的不足，比如農民工工資拖欠事件時有發生，普通職工工資增長速度跟不上CPI的增長，收入差距過大等問題。但是調整收入分配關系需要研究制訂收入分配改革方案，調整國民收入分配格局，縮小收入分配差距。建立健全企業職工工資正常增長機制，穩步推進工資集體協商，逐步提高最低工資標準，解決拖欠職工工資特別是農民工工資的問題。

雖然在去年和今年的工作報告中都有提到實施科教興國和人才強國戰略但我們應該注意到去年提到的是全面實施而今年的是大力實施，說明我國在去年科學教育事業取得了重大進步但是離預想的科學教育水平還是有一定差距所以我們要大力實施科教興國與人才強國戰略。特別是2012年財政性教育經費支出占國內生產總值比重達到4%，溫總理還說要把在教育上欠的補回來，我們可以看出國家的科教興國和人才強國戰略已經不僅僅是一句口號了，已經開始落實到行動中去了。

綜上所述，我認為我們國家的政策雖然還不夠完善但越來越傾向民生方面，越來越落到實處越來越讓人民享受改革發展帶來的成果。