第一篇：財務(wù)中英文對照

國際企業(yè)中英文對照 2008-09-02 13:26

分類：默認(rèn)分類字號： 大中小

一、損益表INCOME STATEMENT Aggregate income statement 合并損益表

Operating Results 經(jīng)營業(yè)績

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 財務(wù)摘要 Gross revenues 總收入/毛收入 Net revenues銷售收入/凈收入 Sales 銷售額 Turnover 營業(yè)額

Cost of revenues銷售成本 Gross profit毛利潤 Gross margin 毛利率

Other income and gain 其他收入及利得

EBITDA 息、稅、折舊、攤銷前利潤（EBITDA）

EBITDA margin EBITDA率 EBITA 息、稅、攤銷前利潤 EBIT 息稅前利潤/營業(yè)利潤

Operating income（loss）營業(yè)利潤/（虧損）

Operating profit 營業(yè)利潤 Operating margin 營業(yè)利潤率

EBIT margin EBIT率（營業(yè)利潤率）Profit before disposal of investments 出售投資前利潤 Operating expenses: 營業(yè)費(fèi)用： Research and development costs（R&D）研發(fā)費(fèi)用 marketing expensesSelling expenses 銷售費(fèi)用

Cost of revenues 營業(yè)成本 Selling Cost 銷售成本

Sales and marketing expenses Selling and marketing expenses 銷售費(fèi)用、或銷售及市場推廣費(fèi)用

Selling and distribution costs 營銷費(fèi)用/行銷費(fèi)用

General and administrative expenses管理費(fèi)用/一般及管理費(fèi)用 Administrative expenses 管理費(fèi)用

Operating income（loss）營業(yè)利潤/（虧損）

Profit from operating activities 營業(yè)利潤/經(jīng)營活動之利潤

Finance costs 財務(wù)費(fèi)用/財務(wù)成本 Financial result 財務(wù)費(fèi)用 Finance income 財務(wù)收益

Change in fair value of derivative liability associated with Series B convertible redeemable preference shares 可轉(zhuǎn)換可贖回優(yōu)先股B相關(guān)衍生負(fù)債公允值變動

Loss on the derivative component of convertible bonds 可換股債券衍生工具之損失

Equity loss of affiliates 子公司權(quán)益損失

Government grant income政府補(bǔ)助 Other(expense)/ income其他收入/（費(fèi)用）

Loss before income taxes稅前損失 Income before taxes 稅前利潤 Profit before tax 稅前利潤 Income taxes所得稅 taxes 稅項(xiàng)

Current Income tax 當(dāng)期所得稅 Deferred Income tax 遞延所得稅 Interest income 利息收入

Interest income net 利息收入凈額 Profit for the period 本期利潤

Ordinary income 普通所得、普通收益、通常收入

Comprehensive income 綜合收益、全面收益

Net income凈利潤 Net loss 凈損失 Net Margin 凈利率 Income from continuing operations 持續(xù)經(jīng)營收益或連續(xù)經(jīng)營部門營業(yè)收益

Income from discontinued operations 非持續(xù)經(jīng)營收益或停業(yè)部門經(jīng)營收益

extraordinary gain and loss 特別損益、非常損益

Gain on trading securities 交易證券收益

Net Profit attributable to Equity Holders of the Company 歸屬于本公司股東所有者的凈利潤 Net income attributed to shareholders 歸屬于母公司股東的凈利潤或股東應(yīng)占溢利（香港譯法）Profit attributable to shareholders 歸屬于股東所有者（持有者）的利潤或股東應(yīng)占溢利（香港譯法）

Minority interests 少數(shù)股東權(quán)益/少數(shù)股東損益

Change in fair value of exchangeable securities 可交換證券公允值變動 Other comprehensive income — Foreign currency translation adjustment其他綜合利潤—外匯折算差異

Comprehensive(loss)/ income綜合利潤(虧損)

Gain on disposal of assets 處分資產(chǎn)溢價收入

Loss on disposal of assets 處分資產(chǎn)損失

Asset impairments資產(chǎn)減值

Gain on sale of assets 出售資產(chǎn)利得 Intersegment eliminations 公司內(nèi)部沖銷

Dividends 股息/股利/分紅 Deferred dividends 延派股利 Net loss per share:每股虧損

Earnings per share（EPS）每股收益 Earnings per share attributable to ordinaryequity holders of the parent 歸屬于母公司股東持有者的每股收益

-Basic-基本

-Diluted-稀釋/攤薄（每股收益一般用

稀釋，凈資產(chǎn)用攤薄）

Diluted EPS 稀釋每股收益 Basic EPS 基本每股收益

Weighted average number of ordinary shares:加權(quán)平均股數(shù)：-Basic-基本

-Diluted-稀釋/攤薄

Derivative financial instruments衍生金融工具

Borrowings借貸

Earnings Per Share, excluding the(loss)gain on the derivative component of convertible bonds and exchange difference 扣除可換股債券之衍生工具評估損益及匯兌損失后每股盈

Historical Cost 歷史成本

Capital expenditures 資本支出 revenues expenditure 收益支出

Equity in earnings of affiliatesequity earnings of affiliates 子公司股權(quán)收益附屬公司股權(quán)收益聯(lián)營公司股權(quán)收益 equity in affiliates附屬公司權(quán)益 Equity Earning股權(quán)收益、股本盈利 Non-operating income 營業(yè)外收入 Income taxes-current 當(dāng)期所得稅或法人稅、住民稅及事業(yè)稅等（日本公司用法）

Income taxes-deferred 遞延所得稅或法人稅等調(diào)整項(xiàng)（日本公司用法）Income(loss)before income taxes and minority interest 所得稅及少數(shù)股東權(quán)益前利潤（虧損）

Equity in the income of investees 采權(quán)益法認(rèn)列之投資收益

Equity Compensation 權(quán)益報酬

Weighted average number of shares outstanding 加權(quán)平均流通股 treasury shares 庫存股票

Number of shares outstanding at the end of the period 期末流通股數(shù)目 Equity per share, attributable to equity holders of the Parent 歸屬于母公司所有者的每股凈資產(chǎn)

Dividends per share 每股股息、每股分紅 Cash flow from operations（CFFO）經(jīng)營活動產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金流量 Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding： 加權(quán)平均普通流通股及等同普通流通股

Equity Compensation 權(quán)益報酬

Weighted Average Diluted Shares 稀釋每股收益加權(quán)平均值

Gain on disposition of discontinued operations 非持續(xù)經(jīng)營業(yè)務(wù)處置利得（收益）

Loss on disposition of discontinued operations 非持續(xù)經(jīng)營業(yè)務(wù)處置損失 participation in profit分紅

profit participation capital 資本紅利、資本分紅

profit sharing 分紅

Employee Profit Sharing 員工分紅（紅利）

Dividends to shareholders 股東分紅（紅利）

Average basic common shares outstanding 普通股基本平均數(shù)

Average diluted common shares outstanding 普通股稀釋平均數(shù)

Securities litigation expenses, net 證券訴訟凈支出

Intersegment eliminations部門間消減

ROA（Return on assets）資產(chǎn)回報率/資產(chǎn)收益率

ROE(Return on Equit)股東回報率/股本收益率(回報率)凈資產(chǎn)收益率 Equit ratio 產(chǎn)權(quán)比率

Current ration(times)流動比率

ROCE（Return on Capital Employed）資本報酬率（回報率）或運(yùn)營資本回報率或權(quán)益資本收益率或股權(quán)收益率

RNOA（Return on Net Operating Assets）凈經(jīng)營資產(chǎn)收益率（回報率）

ROI（Return on Investment）投資回

報率

OA（Operating Assets）經(jīng)營性資產(chǎn) OL（Operating Liabilites）經(jīng)營性負(fù)債

NBC(Net Borrow Cost)凈借債費(fèi)用 OI(Operating Income)經(jīng)營收益

NOA(Net Operating Assets)凈經(jīng)營性資產(chǎn)

NFE(Net Financial Earnings)凈金融收益

NFO(Net Financial Owners)凈金融負(fù)債

FLEV(Financial leverage)財務(wù)杠桿 OLLEV(Operating Liabilites leverage)經(jīng)營負(fù)債杠桿

CSE(Common Stock Equity)普通股權(quán)益

SPREAD 差價

RE(Residual Earning)剩余收益

二、資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表

balance sheet資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表

aggregate balance sheet合并資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表

Assets資產(chǎn)

Current assets流動資產(chǎn)

Non-current assets 非流動資產(chǎn)

Interests in subsidiaries 附屬公司權(quán)益

Cash and cash equivalents現(xiàn)金及現(xiàn)金等價物

Hong Kong listed investments, at fair value于香港上市的投資，以公允價值列示

Investment deposits投資存款 Designated loan委托貸款 Financial assets 金融資產(chǎn)

Pledged deposits銀行保證金 /抵押存款

Trade accounts receivable 應(yīng)收賬款 Trade and bills receivables 應(yīng)收賬款及應(yīng)收票據(jù)

Inventories存貨/庫存 Prepayments and other

receivables預(yù)付款及其他應(yīng)收款 Prepayments, deposits and other receivables 預(yù)付賬款、按金及其它應(yīng)收款

Total current assets流動資產(chǎn)合計(jì) Tangible assets 有形資產(chǎn) Intangible assets 無形資產(chǎn)

Investment properties投資物業(yè) Goodwill商譽(yù)

Other intangible assets其他無形資產(chǎn)

Available-for-sale investments可供出售投資

Prepayments for acquisition of properties收購物業(yè)預(yù)付款項(xiàng) fair value 公允價值

Property, plant and equipment物業(yè)、廠房及設(shè)備或財產(chǎn)、廠房及設(shè)備或固定資產(chǎn)

Fixed Assets 固定資產(chǎn) Plant Assets 廠房資產(chǎn)

Lease prepayments 預(yù)付租金 Intangible assets 無形資產(chǎn)

Deferred tax assets遞延稅/遞延稅項(xiàng)資產(chǎn)

Total assets 資產(chǎn)合計(jì)

Liabilities 負(fù)債

Current liabilities 流動負(fù)債

Short-term bank loans 短期銀行借款 Current maturities of long-term bank loans 一年內(nèi)到期的長期銀行借款 Accounts and bills payable 應(yīng)付賬款及應(yīng)付票據(jù)

Accrued expenses and other payables 預(yù)提費(fèi)用及其他應(yīng)付款 Total current liabilities 流動負(fù)債合計(jì) Long-term bank loans, less current maturities Deferred income Deferred tax liabilities 長期銀行借款，減一年內(nèi)到期的長期銀行貸款

Deferred income 遞延收入 Deferred tax liabilities 遞延稅 Financial Net Debt 凈金融負(fù)債

Total liabilities 負(fù)債合計(jì)

Commitments and contingencies 資本承諾及或有負(fù)債

三、股東權(quán)益

Donated shares捐贈股票

Additional paid-in capital資本公積 Statutory reserves法定公積 Retained earnings未分配利潤 Accumulated other comprehensiveincome 累積其他綜合所得

Treasury shares 庫存股票

Total shareholders’ equity 股東權(quán)益合計(jì)

Equity 股東權(quán)益、所有者權(quán)益、凈資產(chǎn)

Shareholder’s EquityStockholder's EquityOwner's Equity 股東權(quán)益、所有者權(quán)益

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 負(fù)債和股東權(quán)益合計(jì)

Capital and reserves attributable to the Company’s equity holders 本公司權(quán)益持有人應(yīng)占資本及儲備 Issued capital 已發(fā)行股本 Share capital 股本 Reserves 儲備

Cash reserves 現(xiàn)金儲備 Inerim dividend 中期股息 Proposed dividend 擬派股息

Proposed special dividend 擬派末期股息

Proposed special dividend 擬派特別股息

Proposed final special dividend 擬派末期特別股息

Convertible bonds 可換股債券 Shareholders’ fund 股東資金

四、現(xiàn)金流量表STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS Cash flow from operating activities經(jīng)營活動產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金流 Net cash provided by /(used in)operating activities 經(jīng)營活動產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金流量凈額

Net income /loss凈利潤或損失

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by/(used in)operating activities:凈利潤之現(xiàn)金調(diào)整項(xiàng)：

Depreciation and amortization折舊及攤銷

Addition of bad debt expense壞賬增加數(shù)/（沖回數(shù)）Provision for obsolete inventories存貨準(zhǔn)備

Share-based compensation股票薪酬

Deferred income taxes遞延所得稅 Exchange loss匯兌損失

Loss of disposal of property,plant and equipment 處置固定資產(chǎn)損失 Changes in operating assets and liabilities:經(jīng)營資產(chǎn)及負(fù)債的變化 Trade accounts receivable應(yīng)收賬款

Inventories存貨 Prepayments and other receivables預(yù)付款及其他應(yīng)收款 Accounts and bills payable應(yīng)付賬款及應(yīng)付票據(jù)

Accrued expenses and other payables預(yù)提費(fèi)用及其他應(yīng)付款 Net cash provided by /(used in)operating activities 經(jīng)營活動產(chǎn)生（使/用）的現(xiàn)金

Free cash flow 自由現(xiàn)金流

Cash flow from investing activities 投資活動產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金流

Net cash used in investing activities 投資活動產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金流量凈額

Purchases of property, plant and equipment購買固定資產(chǎn)

Payment of lease prepayment支付預(yù)付租金

Purchases of intangible assets購買無形資產(chǎn)

Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment 處置固定資產(chǎn)所得

Government grants received政府補(bǔ)助

Equity in the income of investees 采權(quán)益法認(rèn)列之投資收益 Cash flow from financing activities籌資活動產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金流 Net cash provided by financing activities 籌資活動產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金流量凈額

Proceeds from borrowings借款所得 Repayment of borrowings還款

Decrease /(increase)in pledged deposits銀行保證金（增加）/ 減少 Proceeds from issuance of capital stock 股本發(fā)行所得

Net cash provided by financing activities 籌資活動產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents現(xiàn)金及現(xiàn)金等價物的匯率變更的影響

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents現(xiàn)金及現(xiàn)金等價物的凈（減少）/ 增加

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period 期初現(xiàn)金及現(xiàn)金等價物

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period期末現(xiàn)金及現(xiàn)金等價物

Investments（incl.financial assets）金融資產(chǎn)投資

Investments in acquisitions 并購?fù)顿Y Net cash flow 現(xiàn)金流量凈額

第二篇：中英文對照A

《美國口語慣用法例句集粹》Ａ

A(Page 1-4)

1.about

1)

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5)

6)

7)I'd like to know what this is all about.我想知道這到底是怎么回事。How about a fish sandwich? 來一塊魚肉三明治怎么樣？What about me? 我怎么樣？I'm not about to go in that old house.我是不會進(jìn)那幢舊房子的！Yes I remember that night.What about it? 是的，我記得那個晚上，那又怎樣？What's this all about? 這到底是怎么回事？It's about time you showed up!差不多是你該露面的時候了。

2.above

1)

2)Above all, I want everything quiet.首要的是：我要一切保持安定。Tom thinks he's above hard work.湯姆認(rèn)為自己沒必要努力工作。

3.act

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2)

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4)

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6)Would you please act out what happened? 你能把發(fā)生的事演示一下嗎？Watch Ricky.He sometimes likes to act up in class.注意里基，他又是喜歡在課堂上搗蛋。That profane comedian needs to clean up his act.那個愛說粗言穢語的喜劇演員應(yīng)該凈化一下自己的言行。We need to get our act together and come to see you.我們需要統(tǒng)一意見后來見你。The newspapers called the earthquake an act of God.報紙上稱那次地震為天災(zāi)。Masa is a class act.瑪莎是位杰出的女性。

4.action

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2)

3)

4)We're going to bring action against our debtors.我們打算控告我們的債務(wù)人。Did you see any action in yesterday's ballgame? 昨晚的棒球比賽中你看到有什么有趣的精彩場面嗎？Our community is going to take action against the proposed waste dump.我地區(qū)要采取行動反對那項(xiàng)垃圾處理場的提案。Jim wants to go where the action is.吉姆想去有刺激性的地方。

5.advantage

1)

2)Our opponents have a height advantage on us.我們的對手在身高上比我們占有優(yōu)勢。Nobody likes to be taken advantage of.沒有人喜歡被捉弄（或：被欺騙、利用）

6.after

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2)

3)

4)I think that girl is after you.我想那女孩是在追你。It looks like things are gonna work out after all.看起來事情終會解決的。This soft drink has a nasty aftertaste.這軟飲料有種讓人難受的余味。I see your point, but don't you think it's way after the fact.我明白你的意思，但你不覺

得這已是“事后諸葛亮”了嗎？

7.again

1)I could go to Japan again and again.我可以一而再、再而三地去日本。（注：意指不會感到

厭倦）

8.age

1)

2)Would you please act your age!請你做事要有一個與自己年齡相稱的樣子。This is a “coming of age” movie.這是一部成人影片。

9.air

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9)I need to go outside and get some air.我需要出去呼吸點(diǎn)新鮮空氣。I don't know what's wrong, but can feel it in the air.雖然我不知道到底是出了什么差錯，但我能隱隱約約感覺到。Mike was sad when they took his favorite program off the air.當(dāng)邁克喜歡的節(jié)目被取消時，他感到很傷心。The sale of our house is still up in the air.我們的房子出勤率售一事還沒有最后定下來。After winning the championship, I felt I could walk on air.獲得冠軍后，我飄飄欲仙。Your sister is such an airhead.你姐姐真是來個沒有頭腦的人。Janet Jackson's new song is getting lots of airplay.珍妮〃杰克遜的新歌到處都在不斷地播放。That last time I took a plane, I got airsick.上次我乘飛機(jī)時暈機(jī)了。I hope there's no bad air between us.我希望我們之間的關(guān)系不要很別扭。

10.all

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11)

12)

13)It's looks like we won't be going after all.看起來最后我們還是不能去。We've all but finished the project.我們已幾乎完成了那個項(xiàng)目。All in all I'd say it's been a very productive day.總的來說，我認(rèn)為這一天過得很充實(shí)。Let's go all-out and win this game!讓我們盡全力來打贏這場比賽。We knew it was all over when we saw the building burst.當(dāng)我們看見那座建筑突然起火時，我們知道一切全完了。We wish you all the best.我們大家祝福你一切如意。If it's all the same to you, I'd just as soon not go.如果這對你都是一回事的話，我就不想去了。They were running from the police like all get-out.他們以極快的速度逃脫警察的追趕。I didn't see them come in at all.我根本高沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的進(jìn)來。Let's settle this matter once and for all.讓我們來把這個問題一次性地徹底解決掉。Mark is an all-around athlete.馬克是一個全能運(yùn)動員。Did you get to play in the all-star game? 你入選全明星隊(duì)的比賽了嗎？He bloke the all-time record in the 100-meter run at his school.他打破了他所在的學(xué)校

100米跑的歷史最高記錄。

11.alley

1)Working on cars isn't up my alley.修理汽車不是我拿手的活兒。

12.alone

1)

2)I just wanna be left alone.我只是想一個人呆會兒。Can't you just leave well enough alone? 你不能少管一些閑事嗎？

13.along

1)

2)You knew all along what was going on.你從一開始就知道所發(fā)生的事。Debbie doesn't get along with Steve.戴比和史蒂夫相處得不好。

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)Mr.Pak came here searching for the American dream.帕克先生來到這兒尋求他的“美國夢”。Some foreigners become Americanized while living in the U.S.一些外國人在美國居住時被美國化了。Not having any job freedom would be totally unAmerican.沒有選擇職業(yè)的自由是完全違背美國精神傳統(tǒng)的。Bill is an all-American quarterback.比爾是全美（橄欖球）明星賽的四分衛(wèi)隊(duì)員。I just can't go on the American way.我無法適應(yīng)美國方式。

15.animal

1)

2)Water-skiing really brings out the animal in Tom.滑水運(yùn)動真正激發(fā)出了湯姆的活力與激情。The young actor emits a lot of animal magnetism on the screen.那個年輕演員在熒幕

上充分顯示出他的性魅力。

16.answer

1)I called Emi but there was no answer.我給埃米打了電話，但是沒人接。

17.apple

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)Have you ever been to the Big Apple? 你去過紐約嗎？Do I sense an apple of discord between you two? 你問我有沒有感覺出你們兩人之間的不和，是嗎？Heather is the apple of my eye.希瑟是我的掌上明珠。Rita likes to keep everything in apple-pie order.麗塔喜歡把一切都弄得井井有條。Dennis has always been an apple polisher.丹尼斯一直就是一個馬屁精。

18.arm

1)

2)

3)

4)You don't have to twist my arm to get me to go with you.用不著你強(qiáng)迫我跟你走。My father is a hopeless armchair quarterback.我爸爸是一個沒救了的紙上談兵的人。The suspects are armed and dangerous.嫌疑犯帶有武器，十分危險。Every spring the park is filled with lovers walking arm in arm.每到春天公園里到處都是

手挽手散步的戀人。

19.around

1)

2)Coach Johnson has been around for 30 years.約翰遜教練已有三十年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)了。Someone is on duty here around-the-clock.有人在這里晝夜值班。

20.as

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)It looks as if someone has already been here.看起來在人來過這里了。As for me, I'm going home.至于我，我準(zhǔn)備回家。Marty is acting as if nothing happened.馬蒂表現(xiàn)得像什么也沒發(fā)生過一樣。I want this room left as is.我希望這間房子保持原樣。The changes will begin taking place as of tomorrow.變動從明天開始實(shí)施。Police are baffled as to the whereabouts of the kidnappers.警察局搜尋綁架者的工作受

挫。

1)

2)

3)

4)Our gas bill average about $50 a month.我們每個月的煤氣費(fèi)平均50美元。On the average, I'd say we eat chicken once a week.我們平均每周吃一次雞肉。Kent describes himself as just an average Joe.肯特視自己為一名普通的美國人。On the average day, over 100,000 kids bring guns to school in the U.S.在美國平常日

子里，有100,000個孩子帶手槍去上學(xué)。

22.away

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)What makes you think you're gonna get away with this? 是什么使你認(rèn)為你可以免受處罰？I wish they'd do away with these complicated tax forms.我希望他們能費(fèi)除掉這些復(fù)雜的稅務(wù)表格。We're planning a weekend getaway for our anniversary.我們正在為慶祝我們的紀(jì)念日而安排一次周末的外出活動。Tom wants to run away from home.湯姆想從家里出逃。Dave and Kathy are going to steal away on vacation.戴夫和凱茜計(jì)劃在假期里偷偷跑出

去。

第三篇：中英文對照

AEROFLEX “亞羅弗”保溫 ALCO “艾科”自控 Alerton 雅利頓空調(diào) Alfa laval阿法拉伐換熱器 ARMSTRONG “阿姆斯壯”保溫 AUX 奧克斯

BELIMO 瑞士“搏力謀”閥門 BERONOR西班牙“北諾爾”電加熱器 BILTUR 意大利“百得”燃燒器 BOSIC “柏誠”自控 BROAD 遠(yuǎn)大

Burnham美國“博恩漢”鍋爐 CALPEDA意大利“科沛達(dá)”水泵 CARLY 法國“嘉利”制冷配件 Carrier 開利 Chigo 志高

Cipriani 意大利斯普萊力

CLIMAVENETA意大利“克萊門特” Copeland“谷輪”壓縮機(jī) CYRUS意大利”賽諾思”自控 DAIKIN 大金空調(diào)

丹佛斯自控 Dorin “多菱”壓縮機(jī)

DUNHAM-BUSH 頓漢布什空調(diào)制冷 DuPont美國“杜邦”制冷劑 Dwyer 美國德威爾 EBM “依必安”風(fēng)機(jī)

ELIWELL意大利“伊力威”自控 Enfinilan 英國“英菲尼蘭“閥門 EVAPCO美國“益美高”冷卻設(shè)備 EVERY CONTROL意大利“美控” Erie 怡日

FRASCOLD 意大利“富士豪”壓縮機(jī) FRICO瑞典“弗瑞克”空氣幕 FUJI “富士”變頻器

FULTON 美國“富爾頓”鍋爐 GENUIN “正野”風(fēng)機(jī) GREE 格力

GREENCOOL格林柯爾 GRUNDFOS “格蘭富”水泵 Haier 海爾 Hisense 海信 HITACHI 日立

霍尼韋爾自控 Johnson 江森自控 Kelon 科龍

KRUGER瑞士“科祿格”風(fēng)機(jī) KU BA德國“庫寶”冷風(fēng)機(jī) Liang Chi 良機(jī)冷卻塔 LIEBERT 力博特空調(diào) MARLEY “馬利”冷卻塔 Maneurop法國“美優(yōu)樂”壓縮機(jī) McQuary 麥克維爾 Midea 美的 MITSUBISHI三菱

Munters 瑞典“蒙特”除濕機(jī) Panasonic 松下 RANCO “宏高”自控

REFCOMP意大利“萊富康”壓縮機(jī) RIDGID 美國“里奇”工具 RUUD美國“路德”空調(diào) RYODEN “菱電”冷卻塔 SanKen “三墾”變頻器 Samsung 三星 SANYO 三洋

ASWELL英國森威爾自控 Schneider 施耐德電氣 SenseAir 瑞典“森爾”傳感器 SIEMENS 西門子

SINKO ",28商機(jī)網(wǎng);新晃“空調(diào) SINRO “新菱”冷卻塔 STAND “思探得”加濕器 SWEP 舒瑞普換熱器 TECKA “臺佳”空調(diào) Tecumseh“泰康”壓縮機(jī) TRANE 特靈

TROX德國“妥思”風(fēng)閥 VASALA芬蘭“維薩拉”傳感器 WILO德國“威樂”水泵 WITTLER 德國”威特”閥門 YORK 約克

ZENNER德國“真蘭”計(jì)量

第四篇：中英文對照

醫(yī)院中英文對照

發(fā)熱門診Have Fever主治醫(yī)師Doctor-in-charge 供應(yīng)室Supply Room謝絕入內(nèi)No entering 紅燈亮?xí)r謝絕入內(nèi)No entering when red light

彩超、心電圖Colorful Cardiogram/ECG住院樓Inpatient Building 透析血磁EndoscopeDept.護(hù)士Nueser康復(fù)理療科RehabilitationPhysiotherapyDept.中藥計(jì)價China medical price account肛腸科Ano-proctology

皮膚、肛腸、男性科、泌尿科候診Dermatology、Ano-proctology、male Urology Clinic 皮膚科、肛腸科、男性科、泌尿科Dermatology、Ano-proctology、male Urology Dept 中醫(yī)科Traditional Chinese Medicine五官科ENT Dept.男性科、泌尿科 Male urology Dept.安全出口Exit

預(yù)防保健科Medical center for health preventionand care

后勤科、藥庫Logistic Room、Seore入院登記In-patient Admisson 高壓氧治療Hyperbaric Oxygehation Therapy碎石中心ESWL Center 急救中心Emergency Center掛號收費(fèi)Registration

中心藥房Cenreral Pharmacy內(nèi)科門診Internal Medicine Clinic會議室Meeting Room手外科Hand Surgery 產(chǎn)科Obstentrics Dept.骨外科Orthopedics Dept.神經(jīng)、燒傷外科Neurosurgery.Plaseric surgey Dept.麻醉科Anaesthesiology手術(shù)室Operation Room 泌尿、腫瘤外科Urologic.Gumorsurgery Dept.婦科Gynecology Dept.內(nèi)二科Internal Medicine.Ward 2產(chǎn)房及愛嬰中心Delivery Room內(nèi)一科Internal Medicine.Ward 1洗手間Toilet

普外、胸外科Surgey、Thoracic Surgey Dept.皮膚科Dermatology Dept.中醫(yī)骨傷科Traditional Mediaine or Thopaedics餐廳Dining Room 配餐室Pantry Room后勤科Logistics Dept.電工室Electrician Room接待室Dermatology Room 內(nèi)、兒科候診 Internal medicine.Pediatrics功能檢查候診Function Exam 中醫(yī)科候診TCM Clinic放射科候診Radiology Clinic 婦科門診Gynecology Dept.產(chǎn)科候診Obstentrics Clinic 肛腸科候診Ano-proctology婦科候診Gynecology Clinic 產(chǎn)科門診Obstentrics Dept.五官科候診ENT.Clinic 外科候診Surgery Clinic輸液中心Transfusion Center 皮膚、泌尿科候診 Dermatology.Male Urology Clinic檢驗(yàn)候診Clinical Laborotories 家屬休息Relation Rest Room口腔科門診Stomatology Clinic 內(nèi)兒科Internal Medicine.Pediaarics鏡檢科Endoscope Dept.外科Surgrey Dept.檢驗(yàn)中心Laboratory Center 功能檢查Function Exam Dept.登記處Registration 預(yù)防保健門診Hygine ＆ Public Health Dept.收費(fèi)處Cashier 美容科、鏡檢科門診 Cosmetology Dept.Endoscope Clinic

收費(fèi)健康發(fā)證Gharge lssue Bill of Health試敏觀察室Scratch Espial Room

第五篇：中英文對照

共軌技術(shù)

隨著人們對低油耗、低廢氣排放、發(fā)動機(jī)低噪聲的需求越來越大，對發(fā)動機(jī)和燃油噴射系統(tǒng)的要求也越來也高。對柴油發(fā)動機(jī)燃油噴射系統(tǒng)提出的要求也在不斷增加。更高的壓力、更快的開關(guān)時間，以及根據(jù)發(fā)動機(jī)工況修訂的可變的流量速率曲線，已經(jīng)使得柴油發(fā)動機(jī)具有良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)性、低污染、高動力性，因此柴油發(fā)動機(jī)甚至進(jìn)入了豪華高性能轎車領(lǐng)域。達(dá)到這些需求的前提是擁有一個可以精確霧化燃油并具有高噴油壓力的燃油噴射系統(tǒng)。同時，噴油量必須精確計(jì)算，燃油流量速率曲線必須有精確的計(jì)算模型，預(yù)噴射和二次噴射必須能夠完成。一個可以達(dá)到以上需求的系統(tǒng)即共軌燃油噴射系統(tǒng)。

共軌系統(tǒng)包括以下幾個主要的部分： ①低壓部分，包含燃油共軌系統(tǒng)組件。

②高壓系統(tǒng)，包含高壓泵、油軌、噴油器和高壓油管等組件。

電控柴油機(jī)系統(tǒng)EDC主要由系統(tǒng)模塊，如傳感器、電子控制單元和執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)組成。共軌系統(tǒng)的主要部分即噴油器。它們擁有一個可以快速開關(guān)噴嘴的執(zhí)行閥(電磁閥或壓電觸發(fā)器)，這就允許對每個氣缸的噴射進(jìn)行控制。

所有的噴油器都由一個共同的油軌提供燃油，這就是“共軌”的由來。在共軌燃油噴射系統(tǒng)中，燃油噴射和壓力的產(chǎn)生是分開的。噴油壓力的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速和噴油量無關(guān)。EDC控制每個組件。

(1)壓力產(chǎn)生。

燃油噴射和壓力的產(chǎn)生是通過蓄能器分離開來。將具有壓力的燃油提供給為噴射做好準(zhǔn)備的共軌系統(tǒng)的蓄能器。

由發(fā)動機(jī)驅(qū)動的連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的高壓泵提供所需噴油的壓力。無論發(fā)動機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速高低，還是燃油噴射量的多少，油軌中的壓力均維持在一定值。由于幾乎一致的噴油方式，高壓泵的設(shè)計(jì)可以小的多，而且它的驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)矩可以比傳統(tǒng)燃油噴射系統(tǒng)低，這源于高壓泵的負(fù)載很小。

高壓泵是徑向活塞泵，在商用車上有時會使用內(nèi)嵌式噴油泵。(2)壓力控制

所應(yīng)用的壓力控制方法主要取決于系統(tǒng)。

一種控制油軌壓力的方式是通過一個壓力控制閥對高壓側(cè)進(jìn)行控制。不需噴射的燃油通過壓力控制閥流回到低壓回路。這種控制回路允許油軌壓力對不同工況(如負(fù)載變化時)迅速做出反應(yīng)。

在第一批共軌系統(tǒng)中采用了對高壓側(cè)的控制。壓力控制閥安裝在燃油軌道上更可取，但是在一些應(yīng)用中，它被直接安裝在高壓泵中。

另一種控制軌道壓力的方式是進(jìn)口端控制燃油供給。安裝在高壓泵的法蘭上的計(jì)量單元保證了泵提供給油軌精確的燃油量，以維持系統(tǒng)所需要的噴油壓力。

發(fā)生故障時，壓力安全閥防止油軌壓力超過最大值。

在進(jìn)口端對燃油供給的控制減少了高壓燃油的用量，降低了泵的輸入功率。這對燃油消耗起到積極的作用。同時，流回油箱的燃油溫度與傳統(tǒng)高壓側(cè)控制的方法相比得到了降低。

雙執(zhí)行器系統(tǒng)也是一種控制軌道壓力的方式，它通過計(jì)算單元對壓力進(jìn)行控制，并且通過壓力控制閥對高壓端進(jìn)行控制，因此同時具備高壓側(cè)控制與進(jìn)口端燃料供給控制的優(yōu)勢。

(3)燃油噴射

噴油器直接將燃料噴到發(fā)動機(jī)的燃燒室。它們由與燃油軌道直接相連的短高壓油軌提供燃油。發(fā)動機(jī)的控制單元通過與噴油器結(jié)合在一起的控制閥的開閉控制噴油嘴的開關(guān)。

噴油器的開啟時間和系統(tǒng)油壓決定了燃油供給量。在恒壓狀態(tài)下，燃油供給量與電磁閥的開啟時間成正比，因此與發(fā)動機(jī)或油泵的轉(zhuǎn)速(以時間為計(jì)量的燃油噴射)無關(guān)。

(4)液壓輔助動力

與傳統(tǒng)燃油噴射系統(tǒng)相比，將壓力的產(chǎn)生與燃油的噴射分離開來，有利于燃燒室的充分燃燒。燃油噴射壓力在系統(tǒng)中基本可以自主選擇。目前最高燃油壓力為1600巴，將來會達(dá)到1800巴。

共軌系統(tǒng)通過引入預(yù)噴射或多次噴射可以進(jìn)一步減少廢氣排放，也能明顯降低燃燒噪聲。通過多次觸發(fā)高速轉(zhuǎn)換閥的開閉可以在每個噴射周期內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)多達(dá)5次的噴射。噴油針閥的開閉動作是液壓輔助元件助力的，以保證噴射結(jié)束的快速性。

(5)控制和調(diào)節(jié)

發(fā)動機(jī)的控制單元通過傳感器檢測加速踏板的位置以及發(fā)動機(jī)和車輛的當(dāng)前工況。采集到的數(shù)據(jù)包括：

① 曲軸轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)角； ② 燃油軌道的壓力； ③ 進(jìn)氣壓力；

④ 進(jìn)氣溫度、冷卻液溫度和燃油溫度； ⑤ 進(jìn)氣量； ⑥ 車速等。

電控單元處理輸入信號。與燃燒同步，電控單元計(jì)算施加給壓力控制閥或計(jì)算模塊、噴油器和其他執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)(如EGR閥，廢氣渦輪增壓器)的觸發(fā)信號。

噴油器的開關(guān)時間應(yīng)很短，采用優(yōu)化的高壓開關(guān)閥和專業(yè)的控制系統(tǒng)即可實(shí)現(xiàn)。

根據(jù)曲軸和凸輪軸傳感器的數(shù)據(jù)，對照發(fā)動機(jī)狀態(tài)(時間控制)，角度/時間系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)噴油正時。電控柴油機(jī)系統(tǒng)(EDC)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對燃油噴射量的精確計(jì)算。此外，EDC還擁有額外的功能以進(jìn)一步提高發(fā)動機(jī)的響應(yīng)特性和便利性。

其基本功能包括對柴油燃油噴射正時的精確控制，和在給定壓力下對油量的控制。這樣，它們就保證了柴油發(fā)動機(jī)具有能耗低、運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)的特點(diǎn)。

其他開環(huán)和閉環(huán)控制功能用于減少廢氣排放和燃油消耗，或提供附加的可靠性和便利性，具體例子有：

① 廢氣在循環(huán)控制； ② 增壓控制； ③ 巡航控制；

④ 電子防盜控制系統(tǒng)等。(6)控制單元結(jié)構(gòu)。

由于發(fā)動機(jī)控制單元通常最多有8個噴油器輸出口，所以超過八缸的發(fā)動機(jī)需要兩個控制單元。它們通過內(nèi)置高速CAN網(wǎng)絡(luò)的“主/從”接口進(jìn)行連接，因此也擁有較高的微控制器處理能力。一些功能被 分配給某個特定的控制單元(如燃料平衡控制)，其功能根據(jù)需求情況(如檢測傳感器信號)可以動態(tài)地分配給一個或多個控制單元。

The Common Rail Calls for lower fuel consumption, reduced exhaust-gas emission, and quiet engines are making greater demands on the engine and fuel-injection system.The demands placed on diesel-engine fuel-injection systems are continuously increasing.Higher pressures, faster switching times, and a variable rate-of-discharge curve modified to the engine operating state have made the diesel engine economical, clean, and powerful.As a result, diesel engines have even entered the realm of luxury-performance sedans.These demands can only be met by a fuel-injection pressure.At the same time the injected fuel quantity must be very precisely metered, and the rate-of-discharge curve must have an exact shape, and pre-injection and secondary injection must be performable.A system that meets these demands is the common-rail fuel-injection system.The main advantage of the common-rail system is its ability to vary injection pressure and timing over a broad scale.This was achieved by separating pressure generation(in the high-pressure pump)from the fuel-injection system(injection).The rail here acts as a pressure accumulator.Principle of the Common Rail The common-rail system consists of the following main component groups: ① The low-pressure stage, comprising the fuel-supply system components;② The high-pressure system, comprising components such as the high-pressure pump, fuel-rail, injector, and high-pressure fuel lines.The electronic diesel control(EDC), consisting of system modules, such as sensors, the electronic control unit, and actuators.The key components of the common-rail system are the injectors.They are fitted with a rapid-action valve(solenoid valve or piezo-triggered actuator)which opens and closes the nozzle.This permits control of the injection process for each cylinder.All the injectors are fed by a common fuel rail, this being the origin of the term “common rail”.In the common-rail fuel-injection system, the function of pressure generation and fuel injection are separate.The injection pressure is generated independent of the engine speed and the injected fuel quantity.The electronic diesel control(EDC)controls each of the components.(1)Pressure Generation.Pressure generation and fuel injection are separated by means of an accumulator volume.Fuel under pressure is supplied to the accumulator volume of the common

rail ready for injection.A continuously operating high-pressure pump driven by the engine produces the desired injection pressure.Pressure in the fuel rail is maintained irrespective of engine speed or injected fuel quantity.Owing to the almost uniform injection pattern, the high-pressure pump design can be much smaller and its drive-system torque can be lower than conventional fuel-injection systems.This results in a much lower load on the pump drive.The high-pressure pump is a radial-piston pump.On commercial vehicles, an in-line fuel-injection pump is sometimes fitted.(2)Pressure Control The pressure control method applied is largely dependent on the system.One way of controlling rail pressure is to control the high-pressure side by a pressure-control valve.Fuel not required for injection flows back to the low-pressure circuit via the pressure-control valve.This type of control loop allows rail pressure to react rapidly to changes in operating point(e.g.in the event of load changes).Control on the high-pressure side was adopted on the first common-rail systems.The pressure-control valve is mounted preferably on the fuel rail.In some applications, however, it is mounted directly on the high-pressure pump.Another way of controlling rail pressure is to control fuel delivery on the suction side.The metering unit flanged on the high-pressure pump makes sure that the pump delivers exactly the right quantity of fuel rail in order to maintain the injection pressure required by the system.In a fault situation, the pressure-relief valve prevents rail pressure from exceeding a maximum.Fuel-delivery control on the suction side reduces the quantity of fuel under high pressure and lowers the power input of the pump.This has a positive impact on fuel consumption.At the same time, the temperature of the fuel flowing back to the fuel tank is reduced in contrast to the control method on the high-pressure side.The two-actuator system is also a way of controlling rail pressure, which combines pressure control on the suction side via the metering unit and control on the high-pressure side via the pressure-control valve, thus marrying the advantages of high-pressure-side control and suction-side fuel-delivery control.(3)Fuel Injection.The injectors spray fuel directly into the engine’s combustion chambers.They are supplied by short high-pressure fuel lines connected to the fuel rail.The engine control unit controls the switching valve integrated in the injector to open and close

the injector nozzle.The injector opening times and system pressure determine the quantity of fuel delivered.At a constant pressure, the fuel quantity delivered is proportional to the switching time of the solenoid valve.This is, therefore, independent of engine or pump speed(time-based fuel injection).(4)Potential Hydraulic Power.Separating the functions of pressure generation and fuel injection opens up future degrees of freedom in the combustion process compared with conventional fuel-injection systems;the injection pressure at pressure at present is 160 MPa;in future this will rise to 180 MPa.The common-rail system allows a future reduction in exhaust-gas emissions by introducing pre-injection events or multiple injection events and also attenuating combustion noise significantly.Multiple injection events of up to five per injection cycle can be generated by triggering the highly rapid-action switching valve several times.The nozzle-needle closing action is hydraulically assisted to ensure that the end of injection is rapid.(5)Control and Regulation.The engine control unit detects the accelerator-pedal position and the current operating states of the engine and vehicle by means of sensors.The data collected includes:

① Crankshaft speed and angle;② Fuel-rail pressure;③ Charge-air pressure:

④ Intake air, coolant temperature, and fuel temperature: ⑤ Air-mass intake: ⑥ Road speed, etc.The electronic control unit evaluates the input signals.In sync with combustion, it calculates the triggering signals for the pressure-control valve or the metering unit, the injectors, and the other actuators(e.g.the EGR valve, exhaust-gas turbocharger actuators, etc.).The injector switching times, which need to be short, are achievable using the optimized high-pressure switching valves and a special control system.The angle/time system compares injection timing, based on data from the crankshaft and camshaft sensors, with the engine state(time control).The electronic diesel control(EDC)permits a precise metering of the injected fuel quantity.In

addition, EDC offers the potential for additional functions that can improve engine response and convenience.The basic functions involve the precise control of diesel-fuel injection timing and fuel quantity at the reference pressure.In this way, they ensure that the diesel engine has low consumption and smooth running characteristics.Additional open-and close-loop control functions perform the tasks of reducing exhaust-gas emissions and fuel consumption, or providing added safely and convenience.Some examples are:

① Control of exhaust-gas recirculation;② Boost-pressure control;③ Cruise control;

④ Electronic immobilizer, etc.(6)Control Unit Configuration.As the engine control unit normally has a maximum of only eight output stages for the injectors, engines with more than eight cylinders are fitted with two engine control units.They are coupled within the “ master/slave ” network via an internal, high-speed CAN interface.As a result, there is also a high microcontroller processing capacity available.Some functions are permanently allocated to a specific control unit(e.g.fuel-balancing control).Other can be dynamically allocated to one or many of the control units as situation demand(e.g.to detect sensor signals).