第一篇:3.13閱讀理解1
A
Hundreds of years ago, a Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland.The Scots, a brave people, love their country.They fought hard to drive the enemy out of Scotland.But there were too many of the Romans.It looked as if the Romans would win.One night, the leader of the Scots marched his soldiers to the top of a hill.“We will rest here tonight, my men,” he said, “Tomorrow we will fight one more battle①.We must win, or we will die.”
They were all very tired.So they ate their supper quickly and fell asleep.There were four guards on duty, but they were very tired, too, and one by one, they fell asleep.The Romans were not asleep.Quickly they gathered at the foot of the hill.Slowly they went up the hill.Closer they came to the sleeping Scots.They were
almost at the top.A few minutes more the war would be over.Suddenly, one of them put his foot on a thistle(薊).He cried out and his sudden cry woke the Scots.In a
minute they were on their feet and ready for a battle.The fighting was hard, but it did not last long.The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved Scotland②.The thistle is not a beautiful plant.It has sharp needles all over it.Few people liked it.But the people of Scotland liked it so much that they made it their national flower.(253)
1.Hundreds of years ago, the Romans ____.A.came from the north through England to make war on Scotland
B.came to the north Scotland from England to make war on Scotland
C.came from the north of England to fight the Scots
D.came to the north from the south of Britain to fight the Scots
2.At the shout of a Roman soldier, all the Scots who were asleep at the hill ____.A.began to fight the Romans hard
B.stood up without putting on their shoes and began to fight
C.woke and rose immediately, ready to fight
D.put their feet into their shoes at once and were ready to figh
3.The result of the war is that ____.A.the Romans killed all the ScotsB.the Scots were defeated
C.the Scots were driven out of ScotlandD.the Scots defeated the Romans
4.The Scots made thistle their national flower because thistle ____.A.is lovely, though not beautifulB.gave them happiness
C.is a kind of useful plantD.helped the Scots in wiping out the Romans
B
Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot.When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back.Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws.But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away.For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines(刺)that discourage grass eating animals.Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches.This is
because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat.Some grasses may contain a sandy material;eating such grasses wears down the animal's teeth.Many plants also have chemical defenses.Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction.Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals.When a caterpillar(毛蟲)bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger.This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine.The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses.A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly(多刺的)leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom(毒液).A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.(258)
1.The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals________.
A.are not tall enoughB.like the lower leaves only
C.are not clever enoughD.can get the lower leaves easily
2.To defend themselves, oak trees use________.
A.chemical meansB.physical meansC.bitter chemicalsD.sandy materials
3.How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?
A.Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.B.Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.C.Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.D.Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.4.What would be the best title for this passage?
A.Plants and animalsB.How plants defend themselves
C.Attacks and defensesD.How animals eat plant leaves
C Christmas Eve means a warm get-together with friends,a candlelight dinner,or perhaps a celebration at a pub for students.But,for Cai Yingjie,the night has a different meaning: helping beggars and the homeless(people without homes)。Cai, who is a student in journalism at Tsinghua,could be found at Beijing's Wudaokou Light Railway Station that special evening.When she saw an old beggar,she took the cold,rough hands of the woman with her warm,clean hands,and gave the woman some warm bread and helped her put on a pair of new gloves.The woman was surprised for a few seconds,then burst into tears,saying “for the first time I feel respected”.Cai said,“A beggar's life is very hard.That's why I want to help them.”
Cai was one of 14 Tsinghua students spending Christmas Eve among the poor.They walked in the cold wind along the streets from 4 to 7 pm on Friday,visiting 15 beggars in Beijing's Haidian District.They brought bread and gloves with them,and stopped to greet beggars and
offer them some of the warm food.Each beggar greeted them with a look of surprise.“I know the activity can't help much,but it's meant to show our respect and care for beggars and the homeless who have been neglected for so long,” said Sun,head of the group.“And Christmas is a good time for that.”(260)
1.What does Christmas Eve mean to the 14 Tsinghua students?
A.Taking 15 beggars to Tsinghua.B.Getting together with friends.C.Showing care to the beggars and the homeless.D.Selling bread and gloves to the beggars.2.What does the beggar mean by saying “for the first time I feel respected”?
A.The beggar has been waiting for Cai for long.B.The beggar hasn't been shown care for so long.C.The beggar has been respecting Cai for a long time.D.This is the first time the beggar has seen Tsinghua students.3.What did each beggar feel when they received greetings?
A.Sad.B.Amazed.C.Frightened.D.Proud.4.The word “neglected” in the last passage means _______.A.protectedB.foundC.taken care ofD.given no enough care
D
Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus.Obey rules and regulations.Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack(鏈條)—even if you are only away for a minute.Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety.It's fast, easy, and free.Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.EquipmentMake sure that the brakes are in good working order and adjusted properly.Make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fits properly.Always have a front headlight—visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike.A taillight is a good idea.As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths.Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine.The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15 mph, unless otherwise posted.Always give the right of way to walkers.If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes.Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such spots can result in a fine.If you break the rules, you will be fined.Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for: No bicycle registration$25;Bicycle parking banned$30;Blocking the path with the bicycle$40;Violation of bicycle equipment requirement$35.(280)
1.Registration of your bicycle may help you ________.A.find your stolen bicycleB.get your serial number
C.receive free repair servicesD.settle conflicts with walkers
2.According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders?
A.Ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalks
B.Cycle at a speed of over 15 mph
C.Put the walkers' right of way first
D.Call the police before leaving in case of an accident
3.If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus, you could be fined ________.A.$25B.$30C.$35D.$40
4.What’s the main idea of this passage?
A.Guiding for safe bicycling on the campus.B.Directions for bicycle tour on the campus.C.Regulations of bicycle race on the campus.D.Rules for riding motor vehicles on the campus.E
I suddenly heard an elephant crying as though frightened.Looking down, I immediately recognized that something was wrong, and ran down to the edge of the near bank.There I saw Ma Shwe with her three-month-old calf struggling in the fast-rising water, and it was a life-and-death struggle.Her calf was floating and screaming with fear.Ma Shwe was as near to the far bank as she could get, holding her whole body against the rushing water, and keeping the calf pressed against her huge body.Every now and then the rushing water would sweep the calf away.There was a sudden rise in the water and the calf was washed clean over the mother’s body and was gone.Ma Shwe turned quickly to reach it and pressed the calf with her head and trunk against the rocky bank.Then with a huge effort, she picked it up in her trunk and tried until she was able to place it on a narrow shelf of rock.Just at this moment, she fell back into the river.If she were carried down, it would be certain death.I knew, as well as she did, that there was one spot where she could get up the bank, but it was on the other side from where she had put her calf.While I was wondering what I could do next, I heard the sound of a mother’s love.Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could, roaring(吼叫)all the time, but to her calf it was music.(272)
.A.the calf was about to fall into the river
B.Ma Shwe was placing the calf on the rock
C.the calf was washed away by the rising water
D.Ma Shwe was holding the calf against the rushing water
2.How did Ma Shwe manage to save her calf from the fast-flowing water?
A.By putting it on a safe spot.B.By pressing it against her body.C.By taking it away with her.D.By carrying it on her back.3.How did the calf feel about the mother elephant’s roaring?
A.It was a great comfort.B.It was a sign of danger.C.It was a call for help.D.It was a musical note.4.What can be the best title for the text?
A.A Mother’s LoveB.A Brave Act
C.A Deadly RiverD.A Matter of Life and Death
F
What will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology(生物技術).With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time.Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war.Today's leading killers, such as heart diseases, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memory.In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days.But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times.How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death.Cells(細胞)are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever.But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine.Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs(器官).The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so on---in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic conditional human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.(281)
1.According to the passage, human death IS now mainly caused by____.A.diseases and agingB.accidents and war
C.accidents and agingD.heart disease and war
2.In the author’ s opinion, today’s most important advance in technology lies in____.A.medicineB.the InternetC.brain cellsD.human organ
3.Humans may live longer in the future because_____.A.heart disease will be far away from us
B.human brains can decide the final death
C.the basic materials of cells will last forever
D.human organs can be repaired by new medicine
4.We can learn from the passage that ____.A.human life will not last more than 120 years in the future
B.humans have to take medicine to build new skin cells now
C.much needs to be done before humans can have a longer life
D.we have already solved the technical problems in building new cells
G Cheating can happen in a lot of different ways.When people cheat, it’s not fair to other people, like the kids who studied for the test or who were the true winners of a game.Many people like the action of cheating.It makes difficult things seem easy, like getting all the right answers on the test.But it doesn’t solve the problem of not
knowing the material and it won’t help on the next test---unless the person cheats again.Some people lose respect for cheaters and think less of them.The cheaters themselves may feel bad because they know they are not really earning that good grade.And, if they get caught cheating, they will be in trouble at school, and maybe at home, too.Some kids cheat because they’re busy or lazy and they want to get good grades
without spending the time studying.Other kids might feel like they can’t pass the test without cheating.Even when there seems to be a “good reason” for cheating, cheating isn’t a good idea.If you were sick or upset about something the night before and couldn’t study, it would be better to talk with the teacher about this.And if you don’t have enough time to study for a test because of swim practice, you need to talk with your parents about how to balance swimming and school.A kid who thinks cheating is the only way to pass a test needs to talk with the teacher and his or her parents so they can find some solutions(解決辦法)together.Talking about these problems and working them out will feel better than
cheating.(298)
1.The author thinks that when kids cheat in class, _______.A.it is unfair to other peopleB.it does harm to their heath
C.teachers should punish themD.teachers shouldn’t stop them at once
2.Some students like cheating mainly because_________.A.the material in the test is very difficult
B.they want to do better than the others
C.cheating can make hard things seem very easy
D.they have little time to study their lessons
3.The fourth paragraph mainly tells us______.A.cheating isn’t a good idea
B.why kids cheat in the test
C.some kids can’t pass the test without cheating
D.some kids don’t spend the time studying
4.We can learn from the passage______.A.cheaters are often thought highly of
B.people show no respect for those who cheat
C.parents whose kids cheat are often in trouble
D.kids cheat in the test because of swim practice
5.In the passage those cheaters are advised to_______.A.spend more time on school than on sports
B.find good solutions instead of cheating
C.try hard to be intelligent rather than lazy
D.ask their classmates for good methods of study
第二篇:理解“媽媽”
理解“媽媽”
我有一件很重要的事要做,那就是照顧我的母親,她是我最重要的人。很多人一輩子都不理解“媽媽”兩個字是什么意思,我不是一個好孩子,從不懂得體會母親的苦心而和母親吵架,我也不知道我是否理解這兩個字的意思,但是我知道,我該為我的母親做一點什么了。
我常在外面惹是生非,和人打架,破壞別人的東西,最后讓人家找上門來。每一次,母親總是低聲下氣地向人家道歉,而從來不曾罵過我一句,獨自一個人在房間里落淚。我不是哥哥,我不會考一個好成績讓母親微笑,我也不會像哥哥那樣安分守己不用讓母親操心。我不是乖孩子,我是家庭的災難,我只會整天衣來伸手,飯來張口,整天和母親吵架,罵母親,從來都不知道她流下的淚是多么痛心。
我以前交了很多損友,跟他們學了抽煙。我記得一次,我在放學回家的路上抽煙,本想到門口時再扔掉的,但是還沒到家便被母親看見了。她看著我,沒說什么,眼眶漸漸紅了,是害怕我又要和她吵架嗎?我把煙扔掉,沒說什么就走回家了。那天晚上,母親沒吃飯,早早就去睡了。次日,父親知道我又抽煙了,拿著掃把就打我,我已經習慣了,這又不是第一次了,我忍著痛讓他打。他把掃把打得裂開了,當那一下打在我的腳上時,我的腳被劃了一下,破了一條痕。我站著,過一會兒,血流了出來,把腳指頭染紅了,流到地上,粘粘的,我換了一個位置站著。母親一開始并不知道父親打我,當她看到滿地的血跡的時候,眼淚奪眶而出,跑過來就抱著我大哭。為了我,她和父親吵了一架。
因為和父親關系不好,有一次我和父親吵架后便離家出走了,我在外面流蕩了四天,跟一群損友在外過夜,和他們一起到處玩。在第四天晚上,我被叔叔看見了,我逃跑,但是我還是被抓了回來,回來后我和父親又大吵了一架,而母親一直抱著我大哭。第二天早上,母親臉上還掛著淚痕,而她的眼睛已經哭腫了。而那一刻,我再也不忍心我母親這樣憔悴了,我流淚,為我的母親我落淚了。
我再也不會讓我的母親落淚!她的臉上漸漸多了一些皺紋,頭上多了幾些銀發――她為我這個不孝的孩子操太多心了。我發誓,我再也不會讓我的母親為我操心,再也不會讓我的母親為我再落一滴傷心的淚。
我再也沒去理會我的損友們了,也開始變得很乖巧和認真學習了。我的生命不屬于我自己,我的生命是母親給我的,我知道我很重要――對于母親是這樣的,我活著不是為了我自己,為我的母親而活是我唯一能做的幸福的事。我一直祝愿著我的母親能幸福快樂,我用我的行動證明我的誓言。母親一直希望我能有出息,一直希望我能好好讀書,為了母親,我在很努力地做著這一切。
有些人到死都不理解“媽媽”兩個字,活著為了自己、為了愛人、為了下一代,然而有些人從小就真正理解了“媽媽”,知道用自己的心讓媽媽微笑。我不知道我是否理解了,但我不能再這樣愚昧下去了,我該懂得什么事是我能為我的母親做的,而我應該很努力地去做。過去,我做了太多太多對不起母親的事,現在和未來,我要把這一切還給我的母親,我知道我永遠也還不完,但是這是我必須要做的。
高一的時候,我把成績單給母親看。過去,母親從不過問我的成績,因為她知道我不會有什么好成績。而當時,當我把我考了全班第一的事告訴她時,她忍不住眼眶又紅了,我知道她很高興,而我,也終于可以做一些不用母親操心的事了。
你是否也是一個讓母親操心的孩子,如果不是,那你做得很好,繼續吧,一直愛著自己的母親,如果你是,我希望你能改變一下,總有一天你會知道母親對于你非常重要,記住,有很多事現在不做就永遠也來不及了!
第三篇:閱讀理解
母親的眼淚
阿蓉
(1)有生以來,我只看見母親流過一次淚。
(2)那個時候,我常常為我的母親感到自卑。她是個清潔人,連自己的名字也不會寫,每天沉浸在米又漲價、油也漲了價之類的瑣事中,生活的重擔壓得她的頭發擠盡了最后一絲黑色。患了絕癥的父親死的很早,留下的遺產是一筆一輩子也還不完的債。每到月底,我都會看見母親從領來的可憐巴巴的幾張錢中拿出一半還給別人,然后一分一厘地算計著過日子。
(3)學校每次開家長會,我都不愿意母親出席。在街上和別的同學一起時,看見她正在打掃街道,我也裝成一般熟人一樣點點頭,就和她擦身而過,甚至偷偷地溜走。有時候,她滿頭大汗,推著整車的垃圾路過我們學校,為了不讓別人知道這就是我的母親,我總是遠遠望見便躲起來,一些不相識的同學反而爭著主動幫母親推車。
(4)每當這時候,我就很痛苦。雖然我愛我的母親,也知道她是為我做著這一切,但我怕別人因此而瞧不起我。母親也能感覺出我對她的疏遠,但她從來沒有半句責怪的話。她常常呆坐在窗前想著什么,縫衣服時針刺破了手也無知覺。
(5)那年春天,我家的屋梁上突然來了兩只“勘察”地形的燕子,然后每天有了燕子唧唧的叫聲。它們銜著泥飛進飛出,忙著筑巢、孵蛋。小燕子出世后也成天叫著,吵得我十分惱火,還不是從空中掉下糞便來。我忍不住找根長竿子去捅,母親見了,竟很生氣,不顧一切地阻止我。她向來對我百依百順,現在卻那么固執地要保護這個燕巢,我十分氣憤,對它更加懷恨在心,那幾只黑不溜秋的燕子也顯得格外討厭。
(6)此時,母親接近退休的年齡一到,然而她雖說做了二十幾年的清潔工,卻一直沒有轉正,只是個臨時工。年齡一到,單位便不會在要她上班,并且沒有半分退休金,而我正在讀初中,如果想“出人頭地”,必定還要上很多年學,這無疑給我們娘兒倆的生活帶來更大的困難。對此,我除了擔憂外,也只有違心地勸慰母親,說沒有事的,我不上高中不考大學了,我去念中專,一畢業便可以工作了。母親聞言很是內疚,因為我在學校是尖子,常常考第一。她能為我做的便是包攬一切家務,什么活都不讓我插手,其實她也知道我有多想上大學。
(7)自從我主動提出上中專以后,母親的心情漸漸好了起來,甚至有時候還同我嘮叨幾句什么誰誰掃地的時撿到一個錢包,誰誰誰的女兒今天出嫁……發現我并不在聽時便戛然
而止,眼睛轉向別處,目光最后必然停在那個燕窠上,看著老燕子為小燕子喂食。每當這時,她那凄涼的神神情總會讓我看了心顫,于是我又一次堅定了將燕窠毀掉的想法。
(8)有一天放學很早,我估計母親還要很長時間才回來,便拿了根竹竿,三下兩下將燕窠捅了下來。三只羽毛尚未豐滿的小燕子摔在地上,哀叫著、撲騰著,我看的有些心悸,便把它們扔出了墻外。老燕子回來不見了巢與小燕子,就記得唧唧唧唧地叫著飛著尋著,由著急到失望,由失望到絕望,那叫聲半是仇恨半是悲傷,我不禁有些后悔自己的殘忍。
(9)母親回來后,一眼便看出發生了什么事。她氣得額頭青筋暴跳,劇烈的喘著氣:“你瘋了么?為什么要將燕窠毀掉?”她聲嘶力竭地朝我大吼。我第一次看見她發那么大的脾氣,嚇得不敢吭聲。母親想補償似的找了些剩飯給那兩只燕子吃,兩只老燕子看也不看,傾訴著什么似的叫著,最后嗓子嘶啞了,無力地盤旋了幾圈飛走了。
(10)望著兩只燕子遠去的身影,母親頹然坐下,眼里滿是淚水。一瞬間,她蒼老了許多。“你知道嗎?作為一個母親,最痛苦的事便是不能保護自己的孩子。”她一字一句地說著,淚水如斷了線的珍珠直往下掉。
(11)一年后母親去世了,到她臨死前我才知道,早在兩年前她就和父親當年一樣患了絕癥,但為了供我上學,她一直堅持上班掙錢。母親死后,我寄住在一個親戚家里,飽嘗了寄人籬下的滋味,生怕有一天主人也會趕我走。深夜人靜時,我時常想起那兩只燕子,想起母親的眼淚。
(12)我終于長大了,能夠照顧自己了,我明白自己正是在看見母親的眼淚的一剎那長大的!
(節選自《中學生閱讀》2007年第六期)
1、“有生以來,我只看見母親流過一次淚。”通讀全文,概述母親這次流淚的原因。(2分)
2、以“母親的眼淚”為線索,文章寫了我對母親的情感變化,請簡要表述。(2分)
3、文中老燕子小燕子的遭遇,同母親和我有什么相同的地方?(2分)
4、文章心理描寫細膩,如寫“我”對母親作為清潔工人的敏感,“我”對母親的憐惜、愧疚和懷念等。請選擇下面兩種情景中的一種,揣摩人物心理。(40字以內)(3分)
(1)“她那凄涼的神情總會讓我看了心顫。”母親看著燕巢時會想些什么呢?
(2)“夜深人靜時,我時常想起那兩只燕子,想起母親的眼淚。”我想起母親的眼淚時會想些什么呢?
5、結合全文,簡要分析母親是一個什么樣的人。(3分)
6、結尾寫“我明白自己正是在看見母親的眼淚的一剎那長大的!”文中“我”從母親的眼淚里讀懂了什么呢?“我”的成長經歷,對家境貧困的孩子會有所啟發,對生活優裕的孩子也會有所觸動,讀完文章,你獲得了怎樣的人生啟迪?請聯系實際談談你的認識。(4分)
參考答案:
1、母親為我毀了燕窠讓燕子傷心絕望,進而想到自己沒有能力給孩子好的人生而落淚。
2、開始是疏遠,接著是憐愛,最后是明白理解了母愛。
3、都深愛著孩子,都為孩子受到傷害而無法保護孩子,無法給孩子更好的人生而傷心。
4、(1)寫出母親的內疚和關愛照顧孩子的決心即可。(2)寫出“我”對母親的愧疚懷念之情即可。
5、(1)擁有偉大無私的母愛。如她在兩年前就患了癌癥,但為了供我上學,一直堅持上班掙錢。(2)寬容諒解孩子。如我因母親是清潔工人而疏遠她,但母親從來不責怪“我”。
6、“我”從母親的眼淚里讀懂了母親因無法給孩子一個好的人生而產生的巨大的痛苦,這種痛苦產因愛而生的。啟迪:(示例)無論富裕還是貧賤,父母對孩子的愛都是無私偉大的。我們要理解體貼父母,不要讓父母流淚傷心。
第四篇:閱讀理解
《流淚的苦瓜》
泥土是有一點脾氣的,這是苦瓜告訴我們的。苦瓜曾經有一個動聽的名字:錦荔枝。望文生義,苦瓜的容貌、滋味應該與荔枝相差不遠,但天妒紅顏,泥土公公在苦瓜地里睡覺的時候做了一個噩夢,就發脾氣,讓錦荔枝變成了苦瓜。苦瓜流淚了———為命運的不測。同是攀緣性蔬菜,苦瓜也像南瓜和絲瓜那樣爬藤開花,但苦瓜開的是什么花呀!淡黃色的花朵很小,在陽光下極易被忽視,花瓣張牙舞爪呈銳角型,還散發出一股黏腥的氣味。不艷麗不芬芳的苦瓜花,連蝴蝶、蜜蜂都不愿光顧。看到南瓜、絲瓜的藤蔓下一片熱鬧的嗡嗡聲,苦瓜流淚了———為不公平的待遇。
長大成熟的苦瓜滿懷熱情走進菜市場,不幸的是,它再一次遭遇冷眼:對習慣了甜蜜生活的都市人來說,他們不喜歡苦瓜。喜慶宴席上,苦瓜是不能上桌的———大吉大利的好日子,來一盤“苦”味豈不是很掃興?苦瓜悲憤難抑:我身體里維生素含量豐富,雖味苦但性寒,能消暑去熱氣。但人們聽不進苦瓜的爭辯,苦瓜潸然淚下———餐桌之大,為什么容不下一個誠實的苦瓜!
苦瓜入饌,可以炒肉絲,燜火腿,但苦瓜很少直接下鍋,要么先在開水里滾一道,要么用鹽腌上片刻。被扼殺生機的苦瓜再一次傷心落淚———它是多么渴望在油鍋沸騰的瞬間輝煌一次啊!
從幼年到少年,從青年到老年,苦瓜一直在流淚;它的表皮斑駁凹凸,布滿顆粒,那是一滴滴淚水凝固而成的。哭到最后,苦瓜的顏色由青轉黃再轉紅,身體如花朵一樣綻放開來,味道也變得格外甘美——苦瓜用它生命中最后一滴淚水來證明自己是美麗的、甘甜的、鮮艷的!
回望人生,其實就像一個苦瓜,很多人都是先苦后甜,生命的色彩在暮年燦爛。人生尚如此,為什么不能對苦瓜寬容一些呢?但愿苦瓜不再流淚。
一、結合上下文理解下列詞語的意思。
1、望文生義:___________________________________________________________
2、天妒紅顏:___________________________________________________________
二、按下列分類寫出四個詞語
水果:()()()()蔬菜:()()()()花類:()()()()顏色:()()()()
三、在文中找出兩個比喻句,用波浪線把它們畫出來。
四、苦瓜花是什么樣的,用橫線在文中畫出來。
五、苦瓜都因為什么而哭泣?
_______________________________________________________________________________
六、你想對苦瓜說些什么?
_______________________________________________________________________________
“給”永遠比“拿”愉快
高爾基在意大利(休養休息)時,他的兒子跟著媽媽來(盼望看望)爸爸。兒子在爸爸住的院子里(裁載栽)了好些花籽,不久,就回國去了。
后來,鮮花盛開了。高爾基看著(zháozhuózhe)窗前怒(lùnù)放的鮮花,心里很高興,就給兒子寫了一封信。信是這樣寫的:
要是你不管在什么地方什么時候留給人們的都是美好的東西像鮮花啦好的思想啦還有對你的非常好的回憶啦那么你的生活該是多么愉快啊
“那時侯,你會感到所有的人都(需須)要你。要知道,?給?永遠比?拿?愉快!”是啊,“給”永遠比“拿”愉快!
1、根據上下文,在括號里劃去不正確的音、字、詞。
2、短文中“怒放”這個詞的近義詞是_______。
3、在第3節的空處里加上標點符號。
4、“?給?永遠比?拿?愉快!”這句話中“給”的意思是_________; “拿”的意思是_________。這句話的意思是:_________________________________________________________________
三個和尚
“三個和尚”的故事在我國流傳得很廣很廣。
一個活潑伶俐的小和尚來到山上一座廟宇,他勤快地挑水,不但自己喝個夠,還往菩薩手中的瓶里灌水,瓶里枯萎的柳枝又活了。
不久來了一個瘦和尚,他與小和尚兩人為喝水和挑水發生了爭執,誰也不愿意吃虧。后來又來了一個胖和尚,三個和尚都要喝水,但都不愿意多挑水,沒過兩天,水缸露了底,菩薩手中瓶里的水也沒有了,柳枝又枯萎了。
一天夜里,三個和尚都在打盹,一支正在燃燒的蠟燭被一只老鼠幾口咬斷了。半截蠟燭掉在香案上,廟宇起火了。危急之中,三個和尚一齊爭先恐后挑水救火。小和尚的眼被熏出了眼淚,瘦和尚的手被火燒傷了,胖和尚的衣服燒成了幾條片片。可是誰也不吭一聲。
大火過后,三個和尚似乎都明白了些什么。從此,水缸里的水又滿了,三個和尚高高興興地捧著大碗圣水解渴,菩薩手中瓶里的柳枝也發芽了。
1.起初,三個和尚的表現說明他們當時 ____________________________________________
2.大火中,三個和尚的表現說明他們當時___________________________________________
3.大火后,三個和尚明白了_______________________________________________________
4.用“∥”給短文分段并概括段落大意。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.用橫線劃出三個和尚奮力救火的句子。
6.聯系上下文解釋下列詞語。
(1)爭先恐后:_________________________________________________________________
(2)爭執:______________________________________________________________________
松樹的風格
松樹自古以來,多少人就(歌頌贊頌)過它,贊美過它,把它作為(崇敬崇高)的品質的象征。我對松樹總是懷有(瞻仰敬仰)之心。
你看它不管是在懸崖的縫隙里,不管是在貧瘠的土地上,只要有一粒種子——這粒種子不管是你有意種植的,還是隨意丟落的;也不管是風吹來的,還是從飛鳥的嘴里落下的,總之,只要有一粒種子,它就不擇地勢,不畏嚴寒酷暑,隨處(健壯茁壯)地生長起來。它既不需要誰來施肥,也不需要誰來灌溉。狂風吹不倒它,洪水淹不沒它,嚴寒凍不死它,干旱旱不壞它。它只是一味地無憂無慮地生長。松樹的生命力可謂強矣!松樹要求人的可謂少矣!這是我看到松樹油然而生敬意的原因之一。
我對松樹懷有敬意的更重要的原因卻是它那種自我犧牲的精神。松樹是用途極廣的木材,并且是很好的造紙原料;松樹的葉子可以制揮發油;松樹的脂液可制松香、松節油,是很重要的工業原料;松樹的根和枝又是很好的燃料。更不用說在夏天,用它的枝葉擋住炎炎烈日,叫人們在如蓋的樹蔭下休息;在黑夜,它可以劈碎片做成火把,照亮人們前進的道路。總之一句話,為了人類,它的確做到“粉身碎骨”的地步。
要求于人的甚少,給予人的甚多,這就是松樹的風格。
1、讀短文,用“√”標出短文括號里合適的詞。
2、回答問題。
①“我”每看到松樹油然而生敬意的原因是什么?
_______________________________________________________________________________ ②松樹的風格是什么?
_______________________________________________________________________________
3、本文是一篇抒情散文,它的特點之一是“借物喻人”。請用“~~~ ”畫出文中的借物喻人的句子,然后想一想,作者借松樹喻的什么人?(抓住“物”和“人”的共同特征簡要回答)
_______________________________________________________________________________
4、把表現短文中心思想的句子抄下來,然后概括短文的中心思想。
_______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
肖伯納的感慨
燈光輝煌,人影散亂。肖伯納(英國作家)訪問蘇聯回來,朋友們都來看他,室內熱鬧極了。
肖伯納談了自己訪問的觀感后,說。“蘇聯有個小姑娘還給我一個教訓哩。有一天我在街頭遇見了一個蘇聯小姑娘,那小姑娘聰明活潑,逗人喜愛,便同她玩了很久。臨別的時候,我對她說:“你回去告訴你媽媽,說今天同你玩的是世界有名的肖伯納。”肖伯納望著朋友們,說:“你們猜,小姑娘會怎樣說呢?”
朋友們七嘴八舌有的說小姑娘會感謝有的說大作家同她玩她會感到幸福
“哈哈,你們都猜得不對。”肖伯納說:“也許我的態度有點兒傲慢吧,小姑娘竟然學著我的口吻說:?你回去告訴你媽媽,說今天同你玩的就是蘇聯姑娘安娜。?”
“啊!”朋友們啊了一聲,又大笑了。
“一個人不論有多大成就,他對任何人都應該平等相待,要永遠謙遜。”肖伯納深有感觸地說,“這就是小姑娘給我的教訓,我一輩子也忘不了她!”
1.給短文的第三自然段加上標點符號。
2.短文中劃橫線的句子該用_________語氣讀。
(l)傲慢,漫不經心。(2)自信,理直氣壯。(3)生氣,稍帶諷刺。
3.用橫線劃出和“這就是小姑娘給我的教訓”一句相照應的句子。
4.用波浪線劃出本文的中心句。
答案:
一、1、根據文中理解出意思。
2、上天都妒忌漂亮的。
二、略
三、哭到最后,苦瓜的顏色由青轉黃再轉紅,身體如花朵一樣綻放開來,味道也變得
格外甘美——苦瓜用它生命中最后一滴淚水來證明自己是美麗的、甘甜的、鮮艷的!回望人生,其實就像一個苦瓜,很多人都是先苦后甜,生命的色彩在暮年燦爛。
四、淡黃色的花朵很小,在陽光下極易被忽視,花瓣張牙舞爪呈銳角型,還散發出一股黏腥的氣味。不艷麗不芬芳的苦瓜花,連蝴蝶、蜜蜂都不愿光顧。
五、因為命運的不測,因為待遇的不公,因為人們對它的冷眼、不重視,生命不能有哪怕是瞬間的輝煌。
六、略
答案:1.(保留:休養、看望、栽、zhe、nù、需)
2.綻放
3.(“,,,……,!”)
4.“給?給予、奉獻;“拿” 索求。
要以奉獻為樂,不要只想著自己的個人利益;要為大眾謀幸福,為社會作貢獻。
答案:1.不團結,不愿意為別人付出勞動,怕吃虧。
2.一心想撲滅大火,沒有想到自己的得失。
3.只有團結友愛,多為別人著想,才能把事情做好。
4.一段:第1節,流傳“三個和尚”的故事。二段:第2─4節,爭執的起因和轉變。三段:第5節,三個和尚的醒悟。
5.第4節:第3、4句
6.(1)搶在前面,生怕落后(2)爭論中各持已見,不肯相讓。
答案: 1.歌頌、崇高、敬仰、茁壯
2.①生命力強,要求于人的少,自我犧牲的精神。
②要求于人的甚少,給予人的甚多,這就是松樹的風格。
3.只要有一粒----無憂無慮地生長。作者借松樹比喻具有共產主義風格的人。
4.我對松樹總是懷有敬仰之心。松樹的生命力可謂強矣!松樹要求人的可謂少矣!這是我看到松樹油然而生敬意的原因之一。我對松樹懷有敬意的更重要的原因卻是它那種自我犧牲的精神。要求于人的甚少,給予人的甚多,這就是松樹的風格。這段短文通過寫松樹的生長和用途,以物喻人,歌頌了具有共產主義風格的人。
答案:1.,: “。”:“。”
2.(3)
3.一個人不論有多大成就,他對任何人都應該平等相待,要永遠謙遜。
4.一個人不論有多大成就,他對任何人都應該平等相待,要永遠謙遜。
第五篇:理解教案
第三單元 第一課
第一課時
內鄉縣王店初中
理解與寬容理解
周繼芳
第三單元 第一課
理解與寬容
第一課時
理解
內鄉縣王店初中
周繼芳
一、教學內容分析:
《理解與寬容》第一課時是粵教版八年級《思想品德》第三單元《相處有方》的第一課題第一課時的內容。在此之前,學生們已經學習了第二單元《善待他人》,懂得了待人的基本原則;本單元是第二單元內容的延續和擴展,幫助學生進一步掌握與人相處的道德準則、相處藝術和相處技巧。通過學習,使學生懂得理解是人與人和諧相處的基本要求,只有做到理解他人、才能建立和諧融洽的人際關系。學會理解也為后面學習《欣賞與贊美》的相處藝術和技巧教學做了鋪墊。可見本課題在第二單元與第三單元知識體系中起到了承上啟下的作用,處于十分關鍵的地位。
二、學生學習情況分析:
八年級學生喜歡與人交往,具有一定的情緒控制能力及社會經驗。大多數學生很少甚至沒有受過挫折,深受父母長輩疼愛。自我意識強烈,缺少應有的對同伴的關心與愛護,對長輩的理解與尊重,導致了不少學生的自我中心傾向。他們又正處于情緒情感的敏感期,人際誤解和矛盾沖突時常發生。不和諧的人際關系會讓他們感到困惑和苦惱,他們渴望了解其中的原因,但他們還沒有清楚地認識到形成和諧人際關系方面自己的責任,不太懂得人際相處中需要相互理解與寬容,更不知道如何作到理解與寬容。所以學會理解、懂得理解對這個年齡階段的學生尤為重要。
三、教學目標:
1、知識目標:知道理解的內涵,認識理解在建立和諧人際關系中的重要作用;學習如何做到理解他人。
2、能力目標:學會理解他人;以尊重和善意積極與人交往溝通;學會理解他人,自覺在生活中拓展自己的眼光和胸懷;學會避免和化解誤解與糾紛的技巧,營造和諧的人際關系。
3、情感態度、價值觀目標:認識理解在人際關系中的重要性,克服“以自我為中心”的心態和行為方式,努力把自己培養成為一個設身處地為他人著想的人,懂得尊重他人,為他人著想,有寬以待人的胸懷,能將心比心,體諒他人,檢討自我,化解矛盾。
四、教學重點:讓學生認識理解在建立和諧人際關系中的重要性、學會理解他人。
教學難點:克服“以自我為中心”的心理,在行動中真正做到體諒、尊重他人,理解他人。
教學方法:
1、目標教學法
2、情景教學法
3、討論法
4、活動探究法
五、教學過程設計:
(一)導入新課: 情景導入法:
先讓學生欣賞老師課前準備的特殊圖片,讓學生知道同樣的畫,從不同的角度看,有不同的結果。說明看問題的角度、立場不同,對同一事物就會有不同的理解。從而引出課題:理解。
(二)新課教學
自學提綱:
1、為什么人們之間需要理解?
2、理解他人的內涵是什么?
3、怎樣才能做到理解他人?
溫馨提醒:時間5分鐘,自己閱讀,看書批注,并把問題寫在書的空白處;把回答的內容用序號標出。
自學反饋:檢查自學效果。深化理解:
1、人們之間需要理解
(課堂活動一)為了加深學生對理解重要性的認識,結合探究園我設計了如下課堂互動練習“你說我說”:
a、同學之間沒有理解就不能_________________。
b、師生之間沒有理解就不能_________________。
c、親子之間沒有理解就不能_________________。
在學生討論、發言的基礎上老師進一步提問“既然同學們都懂得理解的重要性,那么我們又應該怎樣去做呢?”
2、在人際交往中,如何理解她人?
(1)理解他人的含義:就是超越狹隘的個人經驗和個人好惡,以開放的胸懷去體察他人的處境、感受和想法,從而消除誤解與隔閡,造就和諧融洽的人際關系。
(2)怎樣理解他人?(課堂活動二)在這個問題我先創設情景進行了課堂活動:遇到下列情況,我該怎么辦?討論并說說理由:
a、朋友不贊同你的意見,與你意見有分歧
b、同桌的墨水不小心濺到你的衣服
c、老師批評你上課不認真,你覺得冤枉
(在學生討論的基礎上老師進一步指出)
尊重—善意—溝通是學會理解的重要方法:
尊重是理解的前提;善意使理解成為可能;達到理解需要積極的溝通
3、總結得出:怎樣理解他人? ①、要學會尊重,因為尊重是理解的前提;②、要滿懷善意,因為善意使理解成為可能;③、要學會積極的溝通(主動接近、真心贊美、坦誠交流、細心領會)
(三)知識梳理:強化記憶
(四)學以致用
▲單項選擇(下列各題的四個選項中,只有一個最符合題意)
1、社會是由千差萬別的個人組成的。建立和諧的人際關系必須由__開始()。
A、消除差異
B、樹立自信
C、消除誤解
D、相互理解
2、理解的前提是()
A、尊重
B、寬容
C、善意
D、溝通
3、對同一件事,不同的人會站在不同的立場,給出不同的解讀,表達不同的情緒。當你就某社會事件的看法與好友產生分歧時,你會()A、對好友持否定、排斥和嘲笑的態度 B、因好友關系而放棄自己獨立的思考 C、對好友不同的看法持積極理解的態度 D、強烈地要求好友與自己的看法一致
▲多項選擇(下列各題的四個選項中,至少有兩個符合題意)
4、為了“驅邪”、圖吉利、慶祝“喬遷之喜”,某市經常有人在夜里零點整或是早上6點整燃放鞭炮,對周邊居民的休息以及身體虛弱的老人造成很大的影響。燃放“擾民炮”的人()
A、沒用心體察他人的處境和感受
B、應換位思考,明白他人的要求 C、積極弘揚中華民族的傳統文化
D、沒有做到理解他人和尊重他人
5、要做到理解他人,就要()A、懂得尊重別人
B、設身處地體諒別人的處境和感受
C、相處中努力做到主動地接近,坦誠地交流 D、滿足他人的任何意愿和要求
辨析:只要學會尊重就能理解別人。答:①理解他人就是超越狹隘的個人經驗和個人好惡,以開放的胸懷去體察他人的處境、感受和想法,從而消除誤解與隔閡,造就和諧融洽的人際關系。
②理解別人首先要尊重別人,因為尊重是理解別人的前提。沒有尊重,就不會實現理解。
③理解別人,要滿懷尊意地去理解別人,要和別人換位思考。只有這樣,才能設身處地體諒別人的處境和感受,才能站在對方的角度考慮問題,從而才會理解別人。
④理解別人還要善于和別人積極溝通。(五)課堂總結:
通過本節課的學習,大家了解了理解的內涵,懂得了理解的意義,掌握了理解自己、理解別人的小故事,讓我們真正體驗了理解的魅力。讓我們在以后的生活中,學會理解別人吧!做一個理解的踐行者!為造就和諧人際關系、構建和諧社會而努力!