第一篇：2013年初中英語詞性系列 名詞

初中英語詞性系列之名詞

1.名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)。

可數(shù)名詞指表示的人或事物可以用數(shù)來計量，它有單數(shù)與復數(shù)兩種形式。不可數(shù)名詞指所表示的事物不能用數(shù)來計量。物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目，來統(tǒng)計，都成為不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞前一般不能用冠詞a、an來表示數(shù)量，沒有復數(shù)形式。要表示“一個??”這一概念，就須加a piece of這一類短語。要注意許多名詞在漢語里看來是可數(shù)名詞，在英語里卻不可數(shù)。如：chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。

2.名詞的復數(shù)。

（1）規(guī)則變化。

A.一般情況下加-s.B.以s, x, ch, sh, 結尾的加-es.如：bus---buses,box---boxes,watch---watches,brush---brushes.C.以輔音字母加y結尾的改y為i再加-es.如：city---cities,country---countries.D.以f,fe結尾的，去掉f或fe,變成v再加-es.（2）不規(guī)則變化A.元音發(fā)生變化。

如：man---men,woman---women,foot---feet,tooth---teeth,mouse---mice.B.詞尾發(fā)生變化。

如：child---children.C.單、復數(shù)同形。

如：fish---fish,Japanese---Japanese,Chinese---Chinese,sheep---sheep.3.物質(zhì)名詞（不可數(shù)名詞）量的表示方法。

（1）用much,a little,a lot of等表示。

（2）用容器表示。

a bowl of rice,a glass of water,a cup of tea,a piece of,orange,two glasses of milk,two pieces of paper.4.名詞的所有格。

（1）名詞所有格的構成法。

A.單數(shù)名詞詞尾加‘ s,復數(shù)名詞詞尾若沒有s,也要加' s.the worker's bike,the Children' s ball.B.表示幾個人共有一樣東西，只需在最后一個人的名字后加' s若表示各自所有，則需在各個名字后' s.如：

This is Lucy and Licy' s room.These are Kate's and jack' s rooms.C.如果是通過在詞尾加-s構成的復數(shù)形式的名詞，只加'.如：

the students' books,the girls' blouses.（2）名詞+of+名詞名詞是有生命的，我們就用's結構來表示所有關系。如果名詞所表示的事物是無生命的，我們就要用名詞+of+名詞的結構來表示所有關系。如：the legs of the desk,the door of the room.但在表示名詞所有格時，' s結構也常可轉(zhuǎn)換成of結構。有些表示時間，距離、國家、城市等無生命的東西的名詞，也可以加's來構成所有格。如：

ten minutes' walk,today's newspaper.

第二篇：德語名詞詞性總結

德語名詞詞性總結

I)(語法：格)

2)動詞去掉詞尾en，加er，形成陽性名詞，指做動作的人，復數(shù)不再改變詞尾：

besuchen-> der Besucher lehren-> der Lehrer

3)大多數(shù)以en結尾(但不包括動名詞或以chen結尾的詞)，為陽性：

der Hafen 港口 der Laden 商店

4)陽性名詞前加erz，表示大，為主或首要的意思，復數(shù)和原詞相同：

der Bischof der Erzbischof die Erzbischoefe

5)大多數(shù)表示陽性生物的名詞，都為陽性：

der Arbeiter 工人 der Loewe 雄師 der Vater 父親 der Hahn 公雞 6)四季，月份，周日，都為陽性：

der Fruehling 春天 der Mai 五月 der Montag 周一 der Sonntag 周日 6)表示方向的詞，都為陽性：

der Osten 東方 der Westen 西方

der Sueden 南方

der Norden 北方 7)表示風霜雨雪的詞，巖石，大地，外國河流：

der Regen 雨 der Wind 風 der Schnee 雪 der Reif 霜

der Fels

巖石

der Boden 大地 8)各種汽車名詞，都為陽性：

der VW(Volkswagen)大眾汽車

der LKW(Lastkraftwagen)載重汽車

9)大多數(shù)帶er, el, ling, s, ich, ig 詞尾的名詞，為陽性：

der Lehrer 老師 der Schluessel 鑰匙，密碼

der Lehrling 學徒 der Teppich 地毯

Der Koks 焦炭 der Honig 蜂蜜

10)特殊的國家der Irak, der Iran, der Sudan, der Jemen, der Kongo, der Libanon, der Senegal, der Tschad, der Vatikan II形成不同詞性的前綴和后綴

1)形容詞或動詞后加nis形成的詞為陰性或中性，復數(shù)形式為：nisse

wild 野生的，未開發(fā)的 die Wildnis 荒地 die Wildnisse

kennen 認識，了解 die Kenntnis 知識，學問 die Kenntnisse

bilden 制作

das Bildnis 畫像 die Bildnisse

2)名詞前加ge形成集體性或聯(lián)合性名詞，復數(shù)形式按其不同詞尾來定：

das Wasser

das Gewaesser 積水 die Gewaesser das Spiel 賭博，比賽 der Gespiele 玩伴 die Gespielen 3)動詞前加ge形成表示動作的名詞，復數(shù)形式按其不同詞尾來定：

reden 講，說 das Gerede 廢話，空話，流言蜚語 die Gerede bauen 建筑 das Gebaeude 建筑物 die Gebaeude beten 祈禱 das Gebet 祈禱，禱告 die Gebete 4)名詞前加un形成相反意思的名詞，復數(shù)形式與原來的詞相同：

der Dank 感謝 der Undank 忘恩負義 die Undank

5)名詞前加ur形成的名詞，表示原始，本源或古老的意思，復數(shù)形式與原來的詞相同：

das Volk 人民 das Urvolk 原始人 die Urvoelker

6)帶后綴ett, ier, il及ment的名詞多為中性，少數(shù)為陽性，復數(shù)在后綴上加e:

das Skelett 骨骼，骨架 die Skelette

das Papier 紙

die Papiere

das Experiment 實驗

die Experimente

das Reptil 爬行動物 die Reptile

等

第三篇：初中英語詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

n..act, action anger attention back beauty business care change cheer cleaning clearness collection correction completeness danger death difference excitement

extent, extension fall fear full fool fight fright gladness goodness greed happiness harm heat help height hesitation honesty hope hunger hurry interest invitation joy

kindness

v.act

attendcare change cheer clean clear collect correct complete endanger die differ excite extend fall fear full fool fight frighten

harm heat help

hesitatehope

hurry interest invite enjoy

adj.active angry attentive back beautiful busy careful changeable cheerful clean clear collective correct complete dangerous

dead,dying,deadly different

exciting, excited extensive falling, fallen fearful full foolish fighting

frightful,frightened glad good greedy happy harmful hot helpful high hesitant honest hopeful hungry hurried

interesting,interested inviting joyful

kind, kindly

adv.Active Angrily attentively back

beautifully busily carefully

cheerfully

clearly collectively correctly completely dangerously deadly differently excitedly extensively

fearfully fully foolishly

frightfully gladly well greedily happily harmfully hotly helpfully high

hesitantly honestly hopefully hungrily hurriedly interestedly invitingly joyfully kind

v.add advise answer apologize arrive award begin breathe brush build call carry choose cook copy cost cough cove cry dance decide discover discuss draw dream dress drink drop end enter excuse explain fail feel fish fly inform invent land laugh mail matter

n.addition anvice answer apology arrival award beginning breath brush building call carriage choice cooking copy cost cough cover cry

dance, dancing decision discovery discussion drawing dream

dress, dressing drink drop end entrance excuse

explaination failurefeelings fish, fishing flight

information invention land laugh mail matter

last life loss love luck need opening past person pleasure pollution possibility post,postage pride rain reality relaxation round sadness safety silence situation sleep smile snow success surprise talk taste thanks tradition truth union use

welcome width wonder work worry wound

last live lost lovelyneed open pass

please pollutepostrain realize relax roundsave

situate sleep smile snow succeed surprise talk taste thanktrust unite use

welcome widen wonder work worry wound

last

living, lively

lucky necessary open, opening past personal

pleasant, pleased polluted possible postal proud rainy real

relaxing, relaxant round sad safe silent situational

asleep, sleepy, sleeping

smiling snowy successful

talkative tasteful thankful traditional true united useful welcome wide

wonderful working worried wounded

last lively

luckily necessarily openly past

personally pleasantly

possibly

proudly

really

round，around

safely silently

asleep smilingly

successfully

tastefully thankfully traditionally truly

usefully

widely

wonderfully

worriedlymean meet notice operate organize paint pay perform plan point practise pronounce read recite record report return ring rob run say see sell serve step shop show sing smell smoke sound speak stay stop store study swim telephone typemeaning

meet, meeting notice operation organization paint, painting pay

performce plan point practice

pronunciation reading recitation record report return ring robbery run, running saying

seeing,sight sale service step

shop, shopping show

singing,song smell

smoke, smoking sound speech stay store store study

swim, swimming telephone type

第四篇：初中英語名詞講解

名詞

定義：表示人和事物名稱的詞。（apple，sister，bird，happiness）名詞的分類：專有名詞與普通名詞

專有名詞表示具體的人，事物，地點，機構，月份，和節(jié)日等名（Mary, January, the WTO, Children’s Day, USA）

普通名詞表示某一類人或事物的名詞（分為四類）

1個體名詞：表示個體的人或事物的名詞（banana, umbrella）

2集體名詞：表示相關人或事物構成的集體（class，people，police，family，team）

3物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì)名詞(rice, water, air, milk)4抽象名詞：表示抽象概念（如品質(zhì)，情感等，advice，help，success）注意：1有些物質(zhì)名詞因詞義發(fā)生變化而被用作可數(shù)名詞（a tea “一杯茶”a beer

“一杯啤酒” a drink “一杯飲料” rains “大量的雨水” sands“沙丘”）2當抽象名詞具體化時（eg: success“成功”為不可數(shù)。若譯為成功的人或事時為可數(shù)名詞。He is a success= He is a successful man.）

pleasure:令人感到高興的人或事failure：失敗的人或事

comfort:令人感到安慰的人或事beauty：美人或美麗的事物 wonder:奇跡surprise:令人感到驚訝的人或事

溫馨提示：有時同一個普通名稱由于搭配或不同的意義，可以分為不同的類別。Work作“工作”為物質(zhì)名詞不可數(shù)，作“作品”為個體名詞可數(shù)名詞

Paper作“紙”為物質(zhì)名詞不可數(shù)，作“報紙，試卷，論文”為個體名詞可以數(shù) 學習小竅門：分辨名詞可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)主要看它是不是一個單個的個體，在里一般不能分割的東西為可數(shù)名詞。

名詞變復數(shù)的規(guī)則：

1一般情況+s

2以s, x, sh, ch, 結尾+es

3以輔音字母y結尾，變y為i+es

4以f, fe，結尾變其為v+es

5以o結尾，有生命+es,無生命+s

溫馨提醒：對于成雙成對的東西都只以復數(shù)的形式出現(xiàn)（trousers, shorts, glasses, socks, clothes）

名詞的所有格：

有生命的名詞：

1不以s結尾的+’Smy student’s books

2以s 結尾的+’the boys’ basketball

3復數(shù)不以s結尾的+’sChildren’s Daymen’s room

無生命的名詞：of +名詞the door of the classroom

只修飾可數(shù)名詞的修飾語：

Few , a few, several, many, a number of

只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語：

Little，a little, a bit of , much, a good/great deal of

既可以修飾可數(shù)又可以修飾不可數(shù)的修飾語：

Some，any, a lot of= lots of, plenty of , enough

第五篇：初中英語名詞練習題

例題解析：舉一反三，學的更輕松！

1.They got much _____ from those new books.A.ideas

B.photos

C.news

D.stories

解析: much 是用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞的, A B D三個選項均是可是名詞的復數(shù)形式, C項為不可數(shù)名詞, 因此選C.2.I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.A.orange, orange

B.oranges, oranges

C.oranges, orange

D.orange, oranges 解析: orange 有兩種含義, 一種可數(shù)名詞橘子, 另一種是不可數(shù)名詞橘汁, 此題第一空應填可數(shù)名詞, 第二空填不可數(shù)名詞, 因此選 C。

3.Every evening M r.King takes a _________ to his home.A.25 minutes’ walk

B.25 minute’s walk

C.25 minute walk

D.25 minutes walk 解析: 句中的 minute應該用其復數(shù)的所有格形式,只+’,而不能+s,因此選A。4.An old _______ wants to see you.A.people

B.person

C.the people

D.the person

解析: person 與people 都有”人” 的意思, 但用法不同.“一個人”用 “a person”, “兩個人” 用 “two persons”;people 泛指 “人們”是集合名詞,表示復數(shù), the people 指 “人民”, a people 指 “一個民族”.應選B。5.Help yourself to __________.A.chickens and apples

B.chickens and apple

C.chicken and apple

D.chicken and apples 解析: chicken 可用作可數(shù)名詞指小雞,用作不可數(shù)名詞指雞肉,根據(jù)詞題意應理解為雞肉;apple為可數(shù)名詞, 故應+s, 因此選D。6.Oh, dear.I forgot the two _________.A.room’s number

B.rooms’ number

C.room numbers

D.rooms’ numbers 解析: room number 房間號碼.room可直接用作定語修飾后面的名詞.類似的還有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等.應選C。

7.She has been in Tianjin for ten years.Tianjin has become her second _________.A.family

B.house

C.home

D.room 解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成員;house指的是房子(住所);room 指的是房間;而home 指的是家, 因此選C.8.________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai.A.Mary and Peter’s

B.Mary and Peter

C.Mary’s and Peter

D.Mary’s and Peter’s

解析: 此句中 “mothers”是復數(shù),表示兩個人各自的母親,因此應選D。9.Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.A.her uncle

B.her uncle’s

C.her uncles

D.aunt’s 解析: 此句意為 “李雷這個去她舅舅家多次”.表示具體場所時, 可省去所有格后面的名詞.因此選B。

10.He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching.A.many experiences

B.much experience

C.an experience

D.a lot experience 解析: experience 作 “經(jīng)驗” 講時是不可數(shù)名詞, 作 “經(jīng)歷”講時是可數(shù)名詞.本句中應理解為 “經(jīng)驗”,因此是不可數(shù)名詞,排除 A C.又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此選B。

11.A classmate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.A.you

B.your

C.your sister

D.your sister’s 解析: 此題考查名詞的雙重所有格.應選D。

12.A group of _________ are talking with two ___________.A.Frenchmen, Germans

B.Germans ,Frenchmans

C.Frenchmans , Germen

D.Germen , Frenchmen

解析: Frenchman 是復合詞,其復數(shù)形式為 Frenchmen;German 的復數(shù)為直接在單詞末尾+S, 應選A.13.The team ________ having a meeting.A.is

B.are

C.am

D.be 解析: team 是一個集合名詞,即可表示復數(shù)意義(指整個小組), 也可指小組中的成員(表示復數(shù)), 此題意為后者, 因此選B。

14.“Would you like _________?”

“________, please.”

A.drink, Three coffees

B.a cup of drink, Coffees C.a drink, A coffee

D.a drink, Three cups of coffees 解析: drink 和coffee是不可數(shù)名詞, 可以用?of來表示數(shù)量, eg, three cups of coffee, 當前面加a 時,則表示 “一杯”．因此選C。

15.The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood of ________ men.A.earth and stone, millions of

B.earths and stones, millions

C.the earth and stone, million of

D.the earths and stones, millions 解析：earth 是不可數(shù)名詞，因此刪除B D,數(shù)以百萬的應為millions of.因此選A。

練習與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！

選擇最佳答案：

1． Last night, there was a food accident.The _______ were ill, but no _______ were lost.A.child, lives

B.children, life

C.children, lives

D.child, life 2.---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.---OK, how happy they both looked!

A.my father and mother

B.my mother and father's

C.my mother's and father's

D.my father's and my mother 3.The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.A.Class Third

B.Third Class

C.Class Three

D.Three class 4.Today is September 10th.It's __________ Day.Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A.Teachers

B.Teachers'

C.the Teachers'

D.Teacher's 5.The market isn't far from here.It's only _________ bicycle ride.A.half an hours'

B.half an hour's

C.half an hour

D.an hour and a half 6.---What would you like to drink, girls?

---_________, please.A.Two cup of coffee

B.Two cups of coffe

C.Two cups of coffee

D.Two cups of coffees 7.During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _________.A.fun

B.wishes

C.interest

D.thanks 8.Some _________ are flying kites near the river.A.child

B.boy

C.boys

D.childs 9.After the exam, we'll have________ holiday.A.two weeks

B.two-weeks

C.two weeks'

D.two week's 10.They are those _________ bags.Please put them on the bus.A.visitor

B.visitors

C.visitor's

D.visitors' 11.---How many workers are there in your factory?

---There are two ___________.A.hundreds B.hundred

C.hundred of

D.hundreds of 12.---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?

---It sounds really wonderful.A.subject

B.music

C.book

D.animal 13.There is not enough _________ in the corner for the fridge.A.place

B.room

C.field

D.ground 14._________ comes from sheep and some people like eating it A.Wool

B.Pork

C.Mutton

D.Milk 15.If you don't take more ________, you'll get fat.A.medicine

B.lessons

C.photos

D.exercise 16.My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.A.minute

B.minutes'

C.minutes's

D.minutes 17.Mum, I have _______ to tell you!

A.a good news

B.some good news

C.some good newes

D.much good news 18.Which is the ________ to the post office?

A.street

B.way

C.road

D.address 19.I stayed at ________ last Sunday.A.my uncles

B.my uncles'

C.my uncle's

D.my uncle's family 20.Maths ________ not easy to learn.A.are

B.is

C.am

D.were 1-5 CBCBB

6-10 CACCD

11-15 ABBCD

16-20 BBBCB 3