第一篇:初中英語名詞 教案2
第一章 名詞
3.不可數名詞
a.不可數名詞包括:
物質名詞
water
paper milk 抽象名詞
ability power youth 液體氣體全都是不可數名詞
b.物質名詞的數量表達方法 ①some , any , much , little , a little +物質名詞
some water 一些水 ②數詞+表示容器的名詞+of+物質名詞
a glass of water 一杯水
two glasses of water 兩杯水
變復數是改量詞并把容器名詞變為復數
a piece of paper 一張紙
two pieces of paper 兩張紙
c,名詞所有格(…的…)。’s ①生物名詞所有格
名詞+’s +名詞
a boy’s pen
a girl’s dress
若第一個名詞是以s結尾,則只加 ‘
class’
dress’
②非生物所有格,用of連接
the legs of the chair 椅子腿
③雙重所有格
Ⅰ.of +生物所有格或名詞性物主代詞
a bottle of mine a book of my father’s
Ⅱ.雙重所有格的使用場合
1)當被修飾名詞前有指示代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞或數詞等限定詞時,一般要用雙重所有格
I don’t like that big nose of David’s.我不喜歡大衛的那個大鼻子。
Which novel of Dicken’s are you referring to? 你談的是狄更斯的哪部小說?
Some friends of my brother’s will come,我兄弟的一些朋友要來。
注意:被雙重所有格修飾名詞前有指示代詞時,通常帶有一定的感情色彩。(如贊賞、不滿、厭惡等)
That little daughter of your cousin’s is really a dear.你表哥的那個小女兒真是逗人愛。
(表贊賞)
That daughter of your cousin’s is constantly complaining.你表哥的那個女兒總是在抱怨
(表厭惡)
另外,被雙重所有格修飾的名詞前可以用不定冠詞,但通常不用定冠詞。
可以說:a poem of Shelly’s
a novel if Dicken’s
不可以說:the poem of Shelly’s
the novel of Dicken’s
④非生物所有格和雙重所有格在表達的意義上的不同
He is a friend of my father.他是我父親的一個朋友。
He is a friend of my father’s.他是我父親的朋友之一。⑤picture、photo等詞在of非生物所有格和雙重所有格中有不同的含義
This is a photo of my sister.這是一張我姐姐照的照片。
This is a photo of my sister’s.這是我姐姐收藏的照片之一。
a criticism of William’s
威廉提出的批評
a criticism of William
對威廉的批評
第二篇:初中英語名詞單復數教案
名詞單復數教案
名詞可分為可數名詞和不可數名詞
可數名詞:可以用來計數的名詞,有單數和復數形式,如:desk-desks, apple-apples等
不可數名詞:不可以直接用來計數的名詞,沒有復數形式,只有單數形式,如:some bread,a little milk等
一、可數名詞
1.可數名詞復數的規則變化
1)一般名詞變復數在其后面加s,如map→maps(地圖)2)以s,x,sh,ch等結尾的詞加es,如bus→buses(公共汽車),watch→watches(手表),box→boxes,dish→dishes(盤子)
3)A.以輔音字母+y結尾的詞,變y為i,再加es,如baby→babies(嬰兒)
B.以元音字母+y結尾的詞,直接加s,如monkey→monkeys(猴),holiday→holidays(假期),storey→storeys(樓層);
注意:以y結尾的專有名詞變復數時,直接加s,如:two Marys, the Henrys 4)以o 結尾的名詞變復數時:
A.表示無生命的加s, 如photo→photos(照片),piano→pianos(鋼琴),radio→radios(收音機),zoo→zoos(動物園)
B.表示有生命的加es,如hero→heroes(英雄),potato→potatoes(土豆),tomato→tomatoes(西紅柿)巧記:英雄愛吃土豆燉西紅柿。特殊:zero→zeros / zeroes。5)以f或fe結尾的名詞變復數時:
A.變f,fe 為v,再加es,如 half→halves(一半),knife→knives(刀子),wife→wives(妻子),life→lives(生命)巧記:小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)用刀子(knife)和樹葉(leaf)把狼(wolf)劈成兩半(half)。
B.加s的名詞有: belief→beliefs(信念),roof→roofs(屋頂)特殊:如handkerchief→handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。
Practice: 1.They come from different ______ A.country
B.countries
C.a country
D.countrys 2.How many ______ do you see in the picture?
A.tomatos
B.tomatoes C.tomato
D.the tomato 3.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifes…pencil-boxes
B.knives…pencils-box
C.knives…pencil-box
D.knives…pencils-boxes 4._______ are good for our health.A.Tomatos
B.Tomatoes
C.Tomato 5.I like to eat cake with ______.A.cherries
B.cherry
C.cherrys 6.______ and ______ are not friends.A.Foxs…wolfs
B.Foxes…wolfs
C.Foxes…wolves 2.可數名詞復數的不規則變化
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice
man---men woman---women goose---geese(鵝)注意:1)由一個詞加 man 或 woman構成的合成詞,其復數形式也是-men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen,因為German不是合成詞,故復數形式為Germans;由man 或 woman構成的復合名詞變復數時,兩個名詞需要同時變為復數形式,如 woman teacher-wowen teachers, man doctor-men doctors 2)單復同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,jin,yuan,mu等。除人民幣的元、角、分外,美元、英鎊等都有復數形式。如:two dollars, two pounds。3)表示“某國人”的復數變化規則
巧記:中日瑞士都不變,英法變,其他后面加s.Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese,Swiss→Swiss;Englishman→Englishmen,Frenchman→Frenchmen;German→Germans,Canadian→Canadians 4)“數詞+名詞”作定語時,這個名詞保留單數形式, 要用連字符連接,例如:
two-dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹 a five-year plan.一個五年計劃
Practice: 1.They are______.A.woman teachers
B.women teachers
C.women teacher
D.woman teacher 2.Would you like _______ ,please?
A.two glass of water
B.two glasses of water
C.two glass of waters
D.two glasses of waters 3.Most of ______ live in _______.A.Germans, German
B.German, Germen
C.Germen, Germany
D.Germans, Germany 4.These are the ______ of our national ______.A.photos … heroes
B.photoes … heroes
C.photos … heros 5.The ______ are running on the ______.A.deer … grasses
B.deers … grass
C.deer … grass 6.I was so hungry and I ate two ______.A.bowls of noodle
B.bowls of noodles
C.bowl of noodles
要注意的問題:
1)以s結尾,仍為單數的名詞,如:
a.maths,politics,physics等學科名詞,一般是不可數名詞,為單數。b.news 為不可數名詞。
c.the United States,the United Nations 應視為單數。2)集體名詞,以單數形式出現,但實為復數。例如:
people,police,cattle 等本身就是復數,后面謂語動詞用復數,不能說 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說a person,a policeman,a head of cattle 3)只有復數形式的名詞 trousers褲子,pants褲子,shorts短褲 glasses眼鏡,compasses圓規,scales天平,pliers鉗子,clips剪子。traffic lights交通燈(一般有三盞,這樣理解)sports(運動),做主語時,謂語動詞用復數
4)the+ 姓氏復數表示一家人,如: The Greens like playing tennis.5)另外還有一些名詞,其復數形式有時可表示特別意思,如:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚。
6)名詞所有格
1)一般情況下,單數名詞的所有格是在詞尾直接加“'s”,如the boy's bag 男孩的書包;復數名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加“'s”,如men's room 男廁所;若名詞已有復數詞尾-s,只加“ ' ”,如:the workers' desks工人的桌子。
2)表示兩人或多人共同擁有某物時,只需在最后一個名詞詞尾加’s;表示兩人或多人分別擁有時,各個名詞詞尾都需加’s John's and Mary's rooms(兩間)
John and Mary's room(一間)3)表示時間,距離,國家,團體等無生命的東西的名詞,也可+’s , 如,nine hour’s walk yesterday’s work 4)有些名詞所有格表示診所,家,店鋪
如,at the doctor’s at Mary’s at the barber’s 5)無生命的名詞所有格一般用of構成 如,a map of China the name of the city Practice: 1.______ like ______ by air.A.Greens, travelling
B.The Green, traveling
C.The Greens, travel
D.The Greens, traveling 2.I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).A.the people
B.people C.peoples
D.the peoples 3.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples
B.oranges
C.rice
D.eggs
二、不可數名詞
1)常見的不可數名詞:advice, hair, homework, work,information, knowledge, money, news, progress,health,time,baggage(行李), change(零錢), furniture(家具)
2)不可數名詞如何表示數量:通常用“數詞+單位詞+of”來表示。如: a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。
a piece of bread(paper(紙), cloth(布), news(新聞), advice(意見), information(信息), , meat(肉))
a cake of soap 一塊肥皂 a tube of tooth paste 一條牙膏 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 當單位詞可數,且前面的數詞大于一時,單位詞需要用復數形式,如two bottles of water 兩瓶水 two pieces of paper 兩張紙
3)有些物質名詞單復數形式表示不同含義, 如,fruit 水果----fruits各種各樣的水果,glass 玻璃----glasses眼鏡,玻璃杯,paper 紙----papers 報紙;論文;試卷(a daily paper 日報),coffee 咖啡----four coffees四杯咖啡
可數名詞和不可數名詞的主謂一致問題:
1)可數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的單復數與主語的單復數保持一致。如:
These pictures are very beautiful.這些畫很美。
2)不可數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數形式,但是不可數名詞前有復數“單位詞”時,謂語動詞要用復數形式。如:
Two cups of tea are on the table.桌上有兩杯茶。
真題重現:
第三篇:初中英語名詞講解
名詞
定義:表示人和事物名稱的詞。(apple,sister,bird,happiness)名詞的分類:專有名詞與普通名詞
專有名詞表示具體的人,事物,地點,機構,月份,和節日等名(Mary, January, the WTO, Children’s Day, USA)
普通名詞表示某一類人或事物的名詞(分為四類)
1個體名詞:表示個體的人或事物的名詞(banana, umbrella)
2集體名詞:表示相關人或事物構成的集體(class,people,police,family,team)
3物質名詞:表示無法分為個體的物質名詞(rice, water, air, milk)4抽象名詞:表示抽象概念(如品質,情感等,advice,help,success)注意:1有些物質名詞因詞義發生變化而被用作可數名詞(a tea “一杯茶”a beer
“一杯啤酒” a drink “一杯飲料” rains “大量的雨水” sands“沙丘”)2當抽象名詞具體化時(eg: success“成功”為不可數。若譯為成功的人或事時為可數名詞。He is a success= He is a successful man.)
pleasure:令人感到高興的人或事failure:失敗的人或事
comfort:令人感到安慰的人或事beauty:美人或美麗的事物 wonder:奇跡surprise:令人感到驚訝的人或事
溫馨提示:有時同一個普通名稱由于搭配或不同的意義,可以分為不同的類別。Work作“工作”為物質名詞不可數,作“作品”為個體名詞可數名詞
Paper作“紙”為物質名詞不可數,作“報紙,試卷,論文”為個體名詞可以數 學習小竅門:分辨名詞可數還是不可數主要看它是不是一個單個的個體,在里一般不能分割的東西為可數名詞。
名詞變復數的規則:
1一般情況+s
2以s, x, sh, ch, 結尾+es
3以輔音字母y結尾,變y為i+es
4以f, fe,結尾變其為v+es
5以o結尾,有生命+es,無生命+s
溫馨提醒:對于成雙成對的東西都只以復數的形式出現(trousers, shorts, glasses, socks, clothes)
名詞的所有格:
有生命的名詞:
1不以s結尾的+’Smy student’s books
2以s 結尾的+’the boys’ basketball
3復數不以s結尾的+’sChildren’s Daymen’s room
無生命的名詞:of +名詞the door of the classroom
只修飾可數名詞的修飾語:
Few , a few, several, many, a number of
只修飾不可數名詞的修飾語:
Little,a little, a bit of , much, a good/great deal of
既可以修飾可數又可以修飾不可數的修飾語:
Some,any, a lot of= lots of, plenty of , enough
第四篇:初中英語名詞練習題
例題解析:舉一反三,學的更輕松!
1.They got much _____ from those new books.A.ideas
B.photos
C.news
D.stories
解析: much 是用來修飾不可數名詞的, A B D三個選項均是可是名詞的復數形式, C項為不可數名詞, 因此選C.2.I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.A.orange, orange
B.oranges, oranges
C.oranges, orange
D.orange, oranges 解析: orange 有兩種含義, 一種可數名詞橘子, 另一種是不可數名詞橘汁, 此題第一空應填可數名詞, 第二空填不可數名詞, 因此選 C。
3.Every evening M r.King takes a _________ to his home.A.25 minutes’ walk
B.25 minute’s walk
C.25 minute walk
D.25 minutes walk 解析: 句中的 minute應該用其復數的所有格形式,只+’,而不能+s,因此選A。4.An old _______ wants to see you.A.people
B.person
C.the people
D.the person
解析: person 與people 都有”人” 的意思, 但用法不同.“一個人”用 “a person”, “兩個人” 用 “two persons”;people 泛指 “人們”是集合名詞,表示復數, the people 指 “人民”, a people 指 “一個民族”.應選B。5.Help yourself to __________.A.chickens and apples
B.chickens and apple
C.chicken and apple
D.chicken and apples 解析: chicken 可用作可數名詞指小雞,用作不可數名詞指雞肉,根據詞題意應理解為雞肉;apple為可數名詞, 故應+s, 因此選D。6.Oh, dear.I forgot the two _________.A.room’s number
B.rooms’ number
C.room numbers
D.rooms’ numbers 解析: room number 房間號碼.room可直接用作定語修飾后面的名詞.類似的還有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等.應選C。
7.She has been in Tianjin for ten years.Tianjin has become her second _________.A.family
B.house
C.home
D.room 解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成員;house指的是房子(住所);room 指的是房間;而home 指的是家, 因此選C.8.________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai.A.Mary and Peter’s
B.Mary and Peter
C.Mary’s and Peter
D.Mary’s and Peter’s
解析: 此句中 “mothers”是復數,表示兩個人各自的母親,因此應選D。9.Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.A.her uncle
B.her uncle’s
C.her uncles
D.aunt’s 解析: 此句意為 “李雷這個去她舅舅家多次”.表示具體場所時, 可省去所有格后面的名詞.因此選B。
10.He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching.A.many experiences
B.much experience
C.an experience
D.a lot experience 解析: experience 作 “經驗” 講時是不可數名詞, 作 “經歷”講時是可數名詞.本句中應理解為 “經驗”,因此是不可數名詞,排除 A C.又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此選B。
11.A classmate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.A.you
B.your
C.your sister
D.your sister’s 解析: 此題考查名詞的雙重所有格.應選D。
12.A group of _________ are talking with two ___________.A.Frenchmen, Germans
B.Germans ,Frenchmans
C.Frenchmans , Germen
D.Germen , Frenchmen
解析: Frenchman 是復合詞,其復數形式為 Frenchmen;German 的復數為直接在單詞末尾+S, 應選A.13.The team ________ having a meeting.A.is
B.are
C.am
D.be 解析: team 是一個集合名詞,即可表示復數意義(指整個小組), 也可指小組中的成員(表示復數), 此題意為后者, 因此選B。
14.“Would you like _________?”
“________, please.”
A.drink, Three coffees
B.a cup of drink, Coffees C.a drink, A coffee
D.a drink, Three cups of coffees 解析: drink 和coffee是不可數名詞, 可以用?of來表示數量, eg, three cups of coffee, 當前面加a 時,則表示 “一杯”.因此選C。
15.The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood of ________ men.A.earth and stone, millions of
B.earths and stones, millions
C.the earth and stone, million of
D.the earths and stones, millions 解析:earth 是不可數名詞,因此刪除B D,數以百萬的應為millions of.因此選A。
練習與鞏固:熟能生巧,取得好成績!
選擇最佳答案:
1. Last night, there was a food accident.The _______ were ill, but no _______ were lost.A.child, lives
B.children, life
C.children, lives
D.child, life 2.---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.---OK, how happy they both looked!
A.my father and mother
B.my mother and father's
C.my mother's and father's
D.my father's and my mother 3.The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.A.Class Third
B.Third Class
C.Class Three
D.Three class 4.Today is September 10th.It's __________ Day.Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A.Teachers
B.Teachers'
C.the Teachers'
D.Teacher's 5.The market isn't far from here.It's only _________ bicycle ride.A.half an hours'
B.half an hour's
C.half an hour
D.an hour and a half 6.---What would you like to drink, girls?
---_________, please.A.Two cup of coffee
B.Two cups of coffe
C.Two cups of coffee
D.Two cups of coffees 7.During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _________.A.fun
B.wishes
C.interest
D.thanks 8.Some _________ are flying kites near the river.A.child
B.boy
C.boys
D.childs 9.After the exam, we'll have________ holiday.A.two weeks
B.two-weeks
C.two weeks'
D.two week's 10.They are those _________ bags.Please put them on the bus.A.visitor
B.visitors
C.visitor's
D.visitors' 11.---How many workers are there in your factory?
---There are two ___________.A.hundreds B.hundred
C.hundred of
D.hundreds of 12.---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?
---It sounds really wonderful.A.subject
B.music
C.book
D.animal 13.There is not enough _________ in the corner for the fridge.A.place
B.room
C.field
D.ground 14._________ comes from sheep and some people like eating it A.Wool
B.Pork
C.Mutton
D.Milk 15.If you don't take more ________, you'll get fat.A.medicine
B.lessons
C.photos
D.exercise 16.My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.A.minute
B.minutes'
C.minutes's
D.minutes 17.Mum, I have _______ to tell you!
A.a good news
B.some good news
C.some good newes
D.much good news 18.Which is the ________ to the post office?
A.street
B.way
C.road
D.address 19.I stayed at ________ last Sunday.A.my uncles
B.my uncles'
C.my uncle's
D.my uncle's family 20.Maths ________ not easy to learn.A.are
B.is
C.am
D.were 1-5 CBCBB
6-10 CACCD
11-15 ABBCD
16-20 BBBCB 3
第五篇:初中英語動詞教案2
Shall和will的區別比較:
1.shall用于第一人稱,will用于第二、三人稱,但在現代英語中,will可取代shall,用于各人稱,表示將來的動作;
2.shall用于主語為第一人稱的疑問句中,表示征求對方的意見,語氣比較委婉
Shall we start to work?(表示征求對方的意見)我們可以開始工作了么? 3.反義疑問句中
Let’s……,shall we? Let us……,will you? 比較can、could和be able to 1.can的過去式是could,但could 除了可作can的過去式外,還可表比can更委婉的語氣,因此在回答由could 表示請求的問句中,不能用could,但可用can。如: —Could you lend me a hand? —Of course I can.2.be able to常被用來表示can所不能表示的將來或完成的概念。如:
They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.他們過三個月就能自己開這臺機器了。
3.在表示成功地做了某事時,不用could,而用be able to He was able to finish the job yesterday。但是couldn't和wasn't / weren't able to 常可互換。如: I couldn't / wasn't able to finish the job yesterday.4.只用be able to
a.位于助動詞后。
b.情態動詞后。5.could在否定,疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.他不大可能是壞人。
比較may和might 1.might可做may的過去式,表示過去情況 I was afraid you might not be in.我擔心你可能不在家。2.might有時用于現在情況表示推測,可能性比may 小
You might have some fever.你可能有點發燒。
3.may可用于句首,表祝愿 May God bless you!愿上帝保佑你!
比較must和have to 1.must表示個人意志和主觀上的必要,have表示客觀上的必要,“不得不” 2.mustn’t表示禁止,而非不用 You mustn’t smoke here.此處禁止吸煙。3.對于must回答,肯定用yes,you must 否定用no,you needn’t
比較should和ought to(1)表示“應該,應當”“可能”等,兩者可互換,只是ought to的語氣稍重。
You ought to/should work harder than that.你應當更努力地工作 2)should 強調主觀看法,而 ought to 強調客觀要求。如:
We ought to go and see my mother in hospital tomorrow, but I don’t think we will.我們按理應當在明天去看看住院的母親的,但我主認為我們不會去。(3)在公告、須知或條例中,出于禮貌,常用should。如:
You shouldn’t run alongside the swimming pool.不準在游泳池邊奔跑。
注意ought to的否定式與疑問式。如:
You ought not to do it.你不應該做此事。
—Ought he to start now? 他現在該動身了嗎?
—Yes, he ought(to).是的,該動身了。