第一篇：初中英語名詞單復數教案

名詞單復數教案

名詞可分為可數名詞和不可數名詞

可數名詞：可以用來計數的名詞，有單數和復數形式，如：desk-desks, apple-apples等

不可數名詞：不可以直接用來計數的名詞，沒有復數形式，只有單數形式，如：some bread，a little milk等

一、可數名詞

1.可數名詞復數的規則變化

1）一般名詞變復數在其后面加s,如map→maps(地圖)2）以s，x，sh，ch等結尾的詞加es，如bus→buses（公共汽車），watch→watches（手表）,box→boxes,dish→dishes（盤子）

3）A.以輔音字母＋y結尾的詞，變y為i，再加es，如baby→babies（嬰兒）

B.以元音字母＋y結尾的詞，直接加s，如monkey→monkeys（猴），holiday→holidays（假期），storey→storeys（樓層）；

注意：以y結尾的專有名詞變復數時，直接加s，如：two Marys, the Henrys 4）以o 結尾的名詞變復數時：

A.表示無生命的加s, 如photo→photos(照片)，piano→pianos（鋼琴），radio→radios（收音機），zoo→zoos（動物園）

B.表示有生命的加es，如hero→heroes(英雄)，potato→potatoes（土豆），tomato→tomatoes（西紅柿）巧記:英雄愛吃土豆燉西紅柿。特殊：zero→zeros / zeroes。5）以f或fe結尾的名詞變復數時：

A.變f，fe 為v，再加es，如 half→halves（一半），knife→knives（刀子），wife→wives（妻子），life→lives（生命）巧記：小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)用刀子(knife)和樹葉(leaf)把狼(wolf)劈成兩半(half)。

B.加s的名詞有： belief→beliefs（信念），roof→roofs（屋頂）特殊：如handkerchief→handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。

Practice: 1.They come from different ______ A.country

B.countries

C.a country

D.countrys 2.How many ______ do you see in the picture?

A.tomatos

B.tomatoes C.tomato

D.the tomato 3.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifes…pencil-boxes

B.knives…pencils-box

C.knives…pencil-box

D.knives…pencils-boxes 4._______ are good for our health.A.Tomatos

B.Tomatoes

C.Tomato 5.I like to eat cake with ______.A.cherries

B.cherry

C.cherrys 6.______ and ______ are not friends.A.Foxs…wolfs

B.Foxes…wolfs

C.Foxes…wolves 2.可數名詞復數的不規則變化

1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice

man---men woman---women goose---geese(鵝)注意：1）由一個詞加 man 或 woman構成的合成詞，其復數形式也是-men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen，因為German不是合成詞，故復數形式為Germans；由man 或 woman構成的復合名詞變復數時，兩個名詞需要同時變為復數形式，如 woman teacher-wowen teachers, man doctor-men doctors 2）單復同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese，jin，yuan，mu等。除人民幣的元、角、分外，美元、英鎊等都有復數形式。如：two dollars, two pounds。3）表示“某國人”的復數變化規則

巧記：中日瑞士都不變，英法變，其他后面加s.Chinese→Chinese，Japanese→Japanese，Swiss→Swiss；Englishman→Englishmen，Frenchman→Frenchmen；German→Germans,Canadian→Canadians 4）“數詞+名詞”作定語時，這個名詞保留單數形式, 要用連字符連接，例如：

two-dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹 a five-year plan.一個五年計劃

Practice: 1.They are______.A.woman teachers

B.women teachers

C.women teacher

D.woman teacher 2.Would you like _______ ,please?

A.two glass of water

B.two glasses of water

C.two glass of waters

D.two glasses of waters 3.Most of ______ live in _______.A.Germans, German

B.German, Germen

C.Germen, Germany

D.Germans, Germany 4.These are the ______ of our national ______.A.photos … heroes

B.photoes … heroes

C.photos … heros 5.The ______ are running on the ______.A.deer … grasses

B.deers … grass

C.deer … grass 6.I was so hungry and I ate two ______.A.bowls of noodle

B.bowls of noodles

C.bowl of noodles

要注意的問題：

1）以s結尾，仍為單數的名詞，如：

a.maths，politics，physics等學科名詞，一般是不可數名詞，為單數。b.news 為不可數名詞。

c.the United States，the United Nations 應視為單數。2）集體名詞，以單數形式出現，但實為復數。例如：

people，police，cattle 等本身就是復數，后面謂語動詞用復數，不能說 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以說a person，a policeman，a head of cattle 3）只有復數形式的名詞 trousers褲子，pants褲子，shorts短褲 glasses眼鏡，compasses圓規，scales天平，pliers鉗子，clips剪子。traffic lights交通燈（一般有三盞，這樣理解）sports（運動），做主語時，謂語動詞用復數

4）the+ 姓氏復數表示一家人，如: The Greens like playing tennis.5）另外還有一些名詞，其復數形式有時可表示特別意思，如：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）魚。

6）名詞所有格

1）一般情況下，單數名詞的所有格是在詞尾直接加“'s”，如the boy's bag 男孩的書包；復數名詞詞尾沒有s，也要加“'s”，如men's room 男廁所；若名詞已有復數詞尾-s，只加“ ' ”，如：the workers' desks工人的桌子。

2）表示兩人或多人共同擁有某物時，只需在最后一個名詞詞尾加’s；表示兩人或多人分別擁有時，各個名詞詞尾都需加’s John's and Mary's rooms（兩間）

John and Mary's room（一間）3)表示時間，距離，國家，團體等無生命的東西的名詞，也可+’s , 如，nine hour’s walk yesterday’s work 4)有些名詞所有格表示診所，家，店鋪

如，at the doctor’s at Mary’s at the barber’s 5)無生命的名詞所有格一般用of構成 如，a map of China the name of the city Practice: 1.______ like ______ by air.A.Greens, travelling

B.The Green, traveling

C.The Greens, travel

D.The Greens, traveling 2.I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).A.the people

B.people C.peoples

D.the peoples 3.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples

B.oranges

C.rice

D.eggs

二、不可數名詞

1）常見的不可數名詞：advice, hair, homework, work，information, knowledge, money, news, progress，health，time，baggage(行李), change(零錢), furniture（家具）

2）不可數名詞如何表示數量：通常用“數詞+單位詞+of”來表示。如： a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。

a piece of bread（paper(紙), cloth(布), news(新聞), advice(意見), information(信息), , meat(肉)）

a cake of soap 一塊肥皂 a tube of tooth paste 一條牙膏 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 當單位詞可數，且前面的數詞大于一時，單位詞需要用復數形式，如two bottles of water 兩瓶水 two pieces of paper 兩張紙

3）有些物質名詞單復數形式表示不同含義, 如，fruit 水果----fruits各種各樣的水果，glass 玻璃----glasses眼鏡，玻璃杯，paper 紙----papers 報紙；論文；試卷（a daily paper 日報），coffee 咖啡----four coffees四杯咖啡

可數名詞和不可數名詞的主謂一致問題：

1）可數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數與主語的單復數保持一致。如：

These pictures are very beautiful.這些畫很美。

2）不可數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數形式，但是不可數名詞前有復數“單位詞”時，謂語動詞要用復數形式。如：

Two cups of tea are on the table.桌上有兩杯茶。

真題重現：

第二篇：名詞單復數

一、名詞

名詞可以分為可數名詞與不可數名詞，其中可數名詞具有單、復數的形式；而不可數名詞沒有復數形式。

1.從單數 復數，變形規則如下：

1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以s.x.sh.ch結尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches 3．以“輔音字母+y”結尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families（家庭）, strawberry-strawberries（草莓）

4．以“f或fe”結尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5．不規則名詞復數： man-men, woman-women, policeman（男警察）-policemen, policewoman（女警察）-policewomen, mouse-mice child（孩子）-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, sheep（羊）-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese,當people后加上s時即peoples表示“民族”例如：There are 56 peoples in China.中國有56個民族。2.以下詞為常為不可數名詞，他們的復數形式就是他們本身。

Water(水)milk(牛奶)tea(茶)rice(米飯)orange（橙汁）juice（果汁）bread（面包）練習題 寫出下列各詞的復數

I _________this ___________that___________ watch _______child _______photo ________diary _________ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ______________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____________ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich _______________ man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice____________________ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea_______________-注意be 動詞遇到名詞時的運用: 單數名詞用is, 復數名詞全用are.名詞單復數講解及練習名詞單復數

（1）名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞，不可數名詞沒有單復數，一律看作單數。（2）可數名詞的單數前什么時候用a，什么時候用an？ 答：以元音音標（或音素）開頭的用an。以輔音音標（或音素）開頭的用a。注意：我們看的是音標（或音素），而不是元音字母。

一、選擇a或an或不填（用/表示）pen bag apple big apple banana orange oranges orange pen（3）可數名詞的變化規則：

① 般在詞尾加s，如：books，bags，fruits。加s之后的讀音②以s、x、ch、sh結尾的名詞加es，③以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞，變y為i再加es，讀[iz]；以元音字母加y結尾的名詞直接在詞尾加s。

② 如：baby —— babies ③ ④以f、fe結尾的名詞變f、fe為ves,如：wolf [wulf] 狼——wolves wife（妻子）— life（生命）— knife —

④ ⑤以o結尾的名詞加es 的有：如：zoo——zoos photo——photos（4）名詞復數的不規則變化：

⑤ man—men男人 woman[wumEn]—women [5wimin] 女人tooth [tu:W]—teeth [ti:W] 牙齒 foot [fut]—feet [fi:t] 腳，英尺 goose [gu:s]—geese [gi:z] 鵝 mouse [maus] —mice [mais] 老鼠 ⑥ ②child [tFaild]—children [5tFildrEn] 孩子 ③單復同形的名詞有：

⑦ chinese [5tFaini:z] 中國人Japanese [7dVApE5ni:z]日本人 sheep [Fi:p] 綿羊 deer [diE] 鹿 fish [fiF] 魚

⑧ 注意：fish①當一條魚講時，單復數同形，如three fish.②當各種各樣的魚講時，即強調魚的種類時，要加es.⑨ 如：all kinds[kaindz] of fishes.各種各樣的魚 ③當魚肉講時，不可數。

一、名詞復數規則

⑩ 1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ? 2．以s.x.sh.ch結尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches 3．以“輔音字母+y”結尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4．以“f或fe”結尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5．不規則名詞復數：

? man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children ? foot-feet,.tooth-teeth ? fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese ?

? 1.I have two_____(knife)? 2.There are many _____ here.(box)? 3.There are many _____ on the road.(bus)4.A few _____ are drawing on the wall.(boy)5.The _____ are playing football now.(child)?

兔兒們，元宵節就要到了，Happy the Lantern Festival!元宵節快樂呀，代我向你們全家問好。the Lantern Festival（元宵節）。

? 今天我們一起來回顧一下，名詞復數形式的變化規則； 1.大多數情況下，直接加s 21 2.以 s x sh ch結尾的名詞變復數，加es 22 3.以 f fe 結尾的名詞變復數，把 f fe 變為ves.23 4.以輔音字母加y 結尾的名詞變復數，把y 變 i 再加es.例如，family 以輔音字母l 加y 結尾，所以復數形式為families, 24 boy也是以y 結尾的，但它是以元音字母o加y結尾的，所以復數形式為boys 5.有些以字母o 結尾的名詞變復數加es,例tomatoes,potatoes 6.還有一些不規則變化的，需要同學們分清記牢。如sheep——sheep，child------children Text 1 名詞（總分100分）

一、請寫出下列詞的復數形式,沒有復數形式的請劃出 /。(1’*50=50’)city _____ _zoo ______country _____ tooth ____ mouse __ boy____________ broom ___________car ____ tree ______horse ______ bus______________ fox _____ branch ____ baby _____ family _____ country _____ radio _____ photo _____ piano _____ knife _____ leaf _____ life _____ thief _____ _man _____ woman _____ child ___ foot this _____________ watch___________diary____________day____________ book____________ dress____________ sheep___________tea_____________box___________ strawberry_________ peach__________sandwich__________paper_________ juice__________water____________ milk___________ rice__________ people CD ox___________deer____________fish___________

二、單項選擇(1’*10=10’)()1.The __ in our yard are very beautiful.A.cloth B.water C.flowers()2.Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.A.boy B.boys C.boies()3.A cat has four ____ , doesn't it? A.foots B.feet C.feets()4.There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.A.American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C.American, Japanese()5.Can you see nine ____ in the picture? A.fish B.book C.horse()6.The _____ has two______.A.boy;watch B.boy;watches C.boys;watch()7.The _____ are flying back to their country.A.Germany B.Germanys C.Germans()8.The girl brushes her _____ every day before he goes to bed.A.tooths B.teeth C.teeths()9.I saw many _____ in the street.A.peoples B.people C.people’s()10.The green sweater is his _________.A.brother B.brothers C.brother’s

三、選擇填空(1’*10=10’)()1.They come from different ______ A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys()2.How many ______ do you see in the picture? A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato()3.They are______.A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teacher()4.Would you like _______ ,please? A.two glass of water B.two glasses of water C.two glass of waters D.two glasses of waters()5.Most of ______ live in _______.A.Germans, German B.German, Germen C.Germen, Germany D.Germans, Germany()6.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifes pencil-boxes B.knives pencils-box C.knives pencil-box D.knives pencils-boxes()7.______ like ______ by air.A.Greens, travelling B.The Green, traveling C.The Greens, travel D.The Greens, traveling()8.I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).A.the people B.people C.peoples D.the peoples()9.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs()10.My uncle has three _______.A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens 四.填入所給名詞的正確形式(2’*10=20’)1.I have two____________(knife)2.There are many ___________ here.(box)3.There are many ___________ on the road.(bus)4.A few ___________ are drawing on the wall.(boy)5.The ______________ are playing football now.(child)6.Please take two _______________ for me.(photo)7.I like the red ________________.(tomato)8.Would you please clean your _____________ now?(tooth)9.Do you want some _________?(milk)10.There are ten __________ _________in our school.(woman teacher)

二、練習題。<一>、寫出下列名詞的復數形式

1、orange

2、class

3、text

4、monkey

5、piano

6、child

7、shelf

8、bed

9、country

10、family

11、toy

12、foot

13、Japanese

14、radio

15、photo

16、army

17、tomato

18、fox

19、woman 20、knife

22、sheep <二>、選擇填空

1、There on the wall.They are very beautiful.A.are photoes B.are photos C.is a photo D.is photos 2.This kind of car made in Shanghai.A.is B.are C.were D.has 3.There are four and two in the group.A.Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C.Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans 4.That’a art book.A.an B.a C.the D are 5.The boys have got already.A.two bread B.two breads C.two pieces of bread D.two piece of bread 6.The old man wants.A.six boxes of apples B.six boxes of apple C.six box of apples D.six boxs of apples 7.There some in the river.A.is ,fish B.are, fishs C.is, fishs D.are ,fish 8.There two in the box.A.is watch B.are watches C.are watch D.is watches 9.We should clean twice a day.A.our tooth B.our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth 10.The _____ meeting room is near the reading room.A.teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers’ D.teachers 11.In Britain _____ are all painted red.A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box 1）選擇填空 1.They come from different ______ A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys 2.How many ______ do you see in the picture? A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato 3.They are______.A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teacher 4.Would you like _______ ,please? A.two glass of water B.two glasses of water C.two glass of waters D.two glasses of waters 5.Most of ______ live in _______.A.Germans, German B.German, Germen C.Germen, Germany D.Germans, Germany 6.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifes…pencil-boxes B.knives…pencils-box C.knives…pencil-box D.knives…pencils-boxes 7.______ like ______ by air.A.Greens, travelling B.The Green, traveling C.The Greens, travel D.The Greens, traveling 8.I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).A.the people B.people C.peoples D.the peoples 9.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs 2）.填入所給名詞的正確形式 1.I have two_____(knife)2.There are many _____ here.(box)3.There are many _____ on the road.(bus)4.A few _____ are drawing on the wall.(boy)5.The _____ are playing football now.(child)1

1．bag _______ 2．orange _______ 3．family _______ 4．wish _______ 5．shelf _______ 6．knife _______ 7．key _______ 8．baby _______ 9．tooth _______ 10．foot _______ 11．woman _______ 12．sheep _______ 13．Japanese _______ 14．potato _______ 15．radio _______ 16．child _______ 17．fish _______ 18．photo _______ 19．Frenchman _______ 20．man doctor _______ 21.watch _______ 22.bus _______ 23.sheep _______ 24.foot _______ 2）選擇填空 1.They come from different ______ A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys 2.How many ______ do you see in the picture? A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato 3.They are______.A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teacher 4.Would you like _______ ,please? A.two glass of water B.two glasses of water C.two glass of waters D.two glasses of waters 5.Most of ______ live in _______.A.Germans, German B.German, Germen C.Germen, Germany D.Germans, Germany 6.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifes…pencil-boxes B.knives…pencils-box C.knives…pencil-box D.knives…pencils-boxes 7.______ like ______ by air.A.Greens, travelling B.The Green, traveling C.The Greens, travel D.The Greens, traveling 8.I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).A.the people B.people C.peoples D.the peoples 9.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs 10._______ are good for our health.A.Tomatos B.Tomatoes C.Tomato 11.I like to eat cake with ______.A.cherries B.cherry C.cherrys 12.______ and ______ are not friends.A.Foxs…wolfs B.Foxes…wolfs C.Foxes…wolves 13.These are the ______ of our national ______.A.photos … heroes B.photoes … heroes C.photos … heros 14.The ______ are running on the ______.A.deer … grasses B.deers … grass C.deer … grass 15.I was so hungry and I ate two ______.A.bowls of noodle B.bowls of noodles C.bowl of noodles 3）.填入所給名詞的正確形式 1.I have two_____(knife)2.There are many _____ here.(box)3.There are many _____ on the road.(bus)4.A few _____ are drawing on the wall.(boy)5.The _____ are playing football now.(child)4）請用括號中名詞的復數形式填空 Look at those _______.(child)2 I can see a __________ standing near the door.(policeman)3 Do you want some ________ for dinner?(potato)4 In autumn, you can see a lot of _______ on the ground.(leaf)5 He has two _______.One is blue , the other is yellow.(box)6 Two ________ live in this building.(family)5）選擇正確的詞形 1 How many(radioes, radios)can you see? 2 There are 36(boys, boies)in my class.3 Look at those(sheeps, sheep).4 I don’t want(a, an)old cup.5 Give me that(box, boxes), please.6）將以下單復數句進行轉換 1 This is a knife.______________________________________ 2 That is a tomato.______________________________________ 3 That child is very good._____________________________________ 4 These are mice.______________________________________ 5 Those are children.______________________________________

1、I want three white paper.A、pieces B、piece of C、pieces of

2、Do you want to drink much ? A、a milk B、milk C、milks

3、This is room.It’s very big.A、Lily and Lucy’s B、Lily’s and Lucy’s C、Lily’s and Lucy

4、We visited house yesterday.A、Tom B、Toms C、Tom’s

5、Do you want some for supper? A、a potato B、potatoes C、potatos

6、In autumn，you can see a lot of on the ground.A、leaf B、leafs C、leaves

7、My sister has two.One is old，the other is new.A、a watch B、watchs C、watches

8、Best wishes to you for Day!A、Teacher’s B、Teachers’ C、Teacher

9、Many children like to go to the Palace on Sunday.A、Children B、Children’s C、Childrens’ 第一部分：

1.There are some ________ on the hill.A.sheeps B.a sheep C.sheep D.sheepes 2.Mr Black often gives us ________ by Email.A.some good information B.some good informations C.good informations D.a good information 3.There are some new books in the school library.They are ____ books.A.child B.childrens' C.children D.children's 4.I have worn out my shoes, so I want to buy a new ________.A.pair B.one C.ones D.trousers 5.Meimei's handwriting is better than any other ______ in his class.A.students B.students C.student's D.students' 6.The hospital is a bit far from here.It's about _______.A.forty minutes's walk B.forty minute's walk C.forty minutes walk D.forty minutes' walk 7.How many _____ are there in your class ?

A.Japanese B.American C.Australian D.Canadian 8.I found my black cat in_____ room.A.Jim and Mike B.Jim and Mike's C.Jim's and Mike's D.Jim's and Mike 9.How much are the _____ ? A.bread B.meats.C.potatos D.tomatoes 10.There are many ______ in our school.A.woman teachers B.woman's teachers C.women teachers D.women's teachers 11.Three months ________ a long time for me.A.is B.are C.have D.has 12.There are ______ and ______ on the table.A.two boxes cake;four bottle of oranges B.two boxes cake;four bottle of orange C.two boxes of cakes;four bottles of orange D.two box of cakes;four bottles of oranges 第二部分

1.All the _____teachers and______students are having a meeting there.A.women …girls B.women… girl C.woman…girls D.woman…girl

2.Mr Black is a friend of _________.A.Jack's aunt's B.Jack's aunt C.Jack aunt's D.aunt's of Jack 3.This toy was made by a ____ boy.A.ten-year-old B.ten-years-old C.ten-year-older D.ten-years-older 4.The farmer raised ten _________.A.sheeps B.deers C.horse D.cows 5.She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_________.A.her grandmother B.her grandmother's C.her grandmothers' D.that of her grandmother 6.We have moved into a ________.A.two-storey house B.house of two storey C.two-storeys house

第三篇：名詞單復數

1.We are ________(student).2.I have five ________(watch).3.Her father is a ________(doctor).4.What’s your ______(job)? 5.What are their ________(job)? 6.These _________(shelf)are not very good.7.Two ________(wolf)are in the forest.8.The ____________(housewife)are very lazy.9.I have two ________(knife).Do you need one? 10.There is a _______(hero).11.This _______(potato)is very nice.12.There is a red _________(tomato)on the table.13.We have four ________(piano)in our school.用單詞的適當形式填空

1、There are four_____(apple)on the ground.2、There are five _____(bird)in the tree.3、I have three _____(eraser).4、There is one _____(cap)on the desk.5、I have two _____(pencil box).6、There are nine _____(dish)on the plate.3/4

7、There are two _____(boy)in our classroom.8、There are so many _____(leaf)on the tree.9、There are fifteen _____(knife).10、There are six _____(candy)in the in the jar.寫出下列句子的復數句子。1.This is my friend.2.That is his brother.3.Is this your sister? 4.Is that her cousin? 5.What’s this?

6.This is an apple tree.7.It is an old backpack.

第四篇：名詞單復數規則

名詞與可數名詞單復數

一、分類：可數名詞和不可數名詞

1、可數名詞：一個一個數得出來的，有復數形式

apple---two apples

bus---two buses

chair---two chairs

box---two boxes

2、不可數名詞：無法一個個數出來的，無復數形式 1)多數物質名詞（無法分割，數不出）

water ice air paper（紙張）milk glass（玻璃）2)多數抽象名詞（虛無縹緲，數不出）

love friendship（友誼）fun（樂趣）luck music health（健康）3)太多太細（數不清）

sand

salt

hair

grass（草）rice

snow 4)總稱類名詞（表全體，無法數）

food（食物）waste（垃圾）furniture（家具）poetry（詩歌）

3、多數名詞既作可數又作不可數 apple

作可數：I want to eat an apple.作不可數：I want to eat apple.cake

作可數：a cake

一個（整個）蛋糕）作不可數：a piece of cake 一塊蛋糕

例子：I want to buy a cake.我想買一個蛋糕。（可數）I want to eat cake.（不可數）

I want to eat a piece of cake.（不可數）

4、有些不可數名詞在特定情況下有復數形式

water---waters（水體）wind---winds（一陣一陣的風）sand---sands（沙灘）tea---two teas（兩份茶水）

5、可數名詞通常不單獨使用，需在前面加限定詞（冠詞、代詞、數詞、量詞等）或用復數形式，省略冠詞除外

There are five students in the classroom.（加數詞）There are a lot of students in the classroom.（加量詞）A horse is very useful.This horse is very useful.Horses are very useful.Horse is very useful.（╳）

二、可數名詞的復數讀音

1、大于一即算復數，如 one and a half hours 一個半小時

2、元音字母有五個：a、e、i、o、u

3、元音字母中，u不一定都發元音音標開頭 uncle（發元音音標開頭）usually（發輔音音標開頭）university（同上）

4、y雖為輔音字母，放詞尾常發元音 baby

sky

5、名詞復數的讀音：清音后讀/s/，元音或濁音后讀/z/，“嘶”（/s/、/z/、/?/、/?/、/t ? /、/d?/）音后讀/iz/

books / b?ks/（讀清音）brothers /'br?e?z/（讀濁音）

beds /bedz/（讀濁音）oranges / '?r?nd?iz /（“嘶”音后，讀/ iz /）

三、規則變化

1、一般直接加-s

book---books

table---tables

orange---oranges

2、輔音加y結尾的詞，把y改成i再加-es baby---babies

city---cities lady---ladies

sky---skies

注：元音加y結尾的詞，直接加-s boys

days

為什么要把y先改成i再加-es？ 原因：

1）y是半元音，即有時發輔音，有時發元音，若不變i會被誤認為發輔音 year（發輔音）yellow（發輔音）baby（發元音）city（發元音）babys（被誤以為y發輔音）citys（被誤以為y發輔音）

2）如果不變成i會違反英語拼寫規則

英語拼寫規則：輔音字母寫在一起不能超過三個，如school，spring，street skys（四個輔音字母寫在一起）

3、以發“嘶”音的字母（s、x、sh、ch）結尾的詞，加-es，讀成/iz/ bus---buses box---boxes brush---brushes watch---watches 注：stomach因為ch不發“嘶”故直接加-s，即 stomachs 為什么要加-es？

1）為了讓聽者能辨別是單數還是復數

boxs（聽不出是復數）boxes（一聽就知道是復數）watchs（聽不出是復數）watches（一聽就知道是復數）2）為了拼寫上不被誤認為是雙寫s或違反拼寫規則

boss---bosses（bosss違反拼寫規則，同一個字母最多連寫兩個，如apple）bus若加-s，變成buss，會被誤以為buss是一個單詞 buses（一看就是bus的復數）

4、輔音字母加o結尾，多數加-es，少數（特別是外來詞和縮略詞）加-s 加-es： tomatoes potatoes heroes

加-s：pianos（外來詞，來自意大利語 photos（photograph的縮寫）注：元音加o結尾的，直接加-s zoos

radios

5、f或fe結尾的詞，多把f或fe改成v再加-es（特別是發長音的），少數直接加-s（多為發短音），極個別有兩種形式 加-es：knife---knives wife---wives wolf---wolves leaf---leaves 加-s：roofs屋頂 proofs證據

兩種形式均可：handkerchiefs/ handkerchieves手帕 為什么要把f或fe變v再加-es？ 原因：方便發音，以免斷氣

knifes（讀完沒氣了）knives（讀完肚子還有氣）

6、不規則變化

1）有man的單詞，把man變men

man---men woman---women（注意讀音）

policeman---policemen Englishman---Englishmen 注：German不屬于詞類，故直接加-s，即Germans 2）oo變ee（鵝用牙齒咬你腳）goose---geese鵝 tooth---teeth牙齒 foot---feet腳

3）公牛孩子和老鼠，復數最特殊 ox---oxen公牛

child---children 孩子 mouse---mice 老鼠 4）單復數同形

sheep綿羊 fish魚 deer鹿

-ese結尾的表某國人的名詞：Chinese，Japanese，Vietnamese（越南人）

3、有些名詞常以復數形式出現（多為由兩部分組成的名詞）glasses眼鏡（兩塊鏡片）trousers褲子（兩個褲筒）pajamas睡衣（連衣帶褲）

（四）不可數名詞

1、要表數量時需加量詞，表“幾個”含義，量詞需變復數 water

a bottle of water two cups of water

bread a piece of bread

two pieces of bread paper

a piece of paper

two pieces of paper

2、僅僅表示一些，可some、much、a lot of修飾（不可用many）some water一些水 much water 一些水 a lot of water很多水

3、有時不可數名詞也可以變復數，表“多份”、“很多” two beers兩份啤酒 two coffees 兩份咖啡 waters各種各樣的水

名詞單復數練習：把下列名詞變成復數

coat _______ skirt _______ house _______ car ________ brush _______ box _________ toy _______ umbrella _________ ticket ________ class _________ classroom _______ teacher _________ son ___________ student _______ job _________ orange_________ class __________ monkey __________ piano _________ child ___________ country _________ family ___________ toy ____________ foot ___________

Japanese ___________ radio ____________photo ____________ tomato ____________ fox ___________ woman _____________knife ___________ sheep_____________ 二、一般現在時

注：英語的時間要通過謂語動詞體現出來（形合句特點），中文則不用（意合句）中文：我昨天去學校。我今天去學校。我明天去學校。

英語：I went to school yesterday.I go to school today.I will go to school tomorrow.1、作用：表示一般性、經常性、習慣性動作或狀態，偶爾表將來 I get up early every day.She is my English teacher.2、構成：

1）be動詞：am、are、is am用于第一人單數：即I I am a student.= I’m student.I’m not a student.are用于第二人稱及所有復數：即you，we，they You are late.= You’re late.We are students.= We’re students.They are not here.= They’re not here.is用于第三人稱單數：即he，she，it He is a student.She is a worker.It is my book.2）其他動詞：動詞原形（按字典的寫法）We go to the park every week.注：has用于第三人稱單數，have第三人稱單數以外的情況 He has a new bike.We have a new school.3）第三人稱單數：需在動詞后加s（同名詞變復數的方法）He goes to the theatre every week.She does morning exercise every day.John plays the piano every night.3、常用時間狀語（表習慣性）always總是、often經常、usually通常、every morning/day/week每天早上/每天/每周、sometimes有時、from time to time時不時、twice a week一周兩次、seldom 很少、never從不

4、一般現在時的具體應用：習慣真理和瞬間，書評將來也可用 1）表習慣、經常性的事

He gets up at 7:00 every morning.2）表示真理性、客觀性的事

Light goes faster than sound.光比聲音傳播得快。The moon moves round the earth.月亮繞著地球轉。Knowledge is power.知識就是力量。3）表瞬間發生的事

Tom passes the ball to John.John shoots.What a goal！湯姆傳球給約翰。約翰射門。球進了！4）用寫書評、讀后感

I finished reading a book yesterday.It is about a little princess.Her mother dies when she is young.5）表示安排好的將來一定發生的事（詳見一般將來時專題）Now it’s 8:00.The train leaves at 10:00.The final exam is in next week.一般現在是練習：用所給詞的正確形式填空 1.We often___________(play)on the playground.2.He _________(get)up at six o’clock.3.__________you _________(brush)your teeth every morning.4.What_________(do)he usually _____(do)after school?

5.Danny ________(study)English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.6.Mike sometimes __________(go)to the park with his sister.7.At eight at night, she ________(watch)TV with his parents.8.________ Mike________(read)English every day?

9.How many lessons _________ your classmate__________(have)on Monday? 10.What time ________his mother_________(do)the housework?

第五篇：名詞的單復數

名詞的單復數

Grammar:名詞的數

一、名詞分可數名詞和不可數名詞 1可數名詞

個體名詞都是可數名詞。每個可數名詞都有其單數和復數形式。

A.單數:表示“一個”的概念。用名詞的單數時，名詞前需加a或an。如a book（一本書）、a river（一條河）、an apple（一個蘋果）、an orange（一個橘子）等。

B.復數:表示兩個或兩個以上的物體。如two pens（兩枝鋼筆）、three days（三天）、three cities（三個城市）等。

復數形式的構成有兩種：規則名詞復數形式的構成和不規則名詞復數形式的構成。具體見下表。

a.規則名詞復數形式的構成

詞形特點變為復數形式的構成方法例詞

大多數名詞在詞尾加-s。（在清輔音后讀[s]，在濁輔音及元音后讀[z]。）cat——catsbag——bagsday——days 以s、x、ch、sh結尾的名詞在詞尾加-es,讀作[iz]。class——classesmatch——matches 以輔音字母+y結尾的名詞把y變成i,加-es,讀作[iz]city——cities 以o結尾的名詞有些直接加-es,讀作[z]（口訣“黑人英雄喜歡土豆西紅柿”）;Negro—Negroes, hero—heroes, potato—potatoes, tomato——tomatoes其它直接加-s,讀作[z]zoo——zoos radio——radios photo——photos piano——pianos 大多數要將f或fe變為v,再加-es,讀作[z]leaf——leaveswife——wives 有些以f或fe結尾的名詞有的直接加-s,讀作[z]roof——roofs

b.不規則名詞復數形式的構成

1)通過變形 man——men foot——feet tooth——teeth mouse——mice（老鼠）child——children

2)單復數形式相同a sheep——two sheep, a deer——two deer（鹿）a fish—two fish(注意fish如果加s，則表示種類，two fishes 兩種魚)

3)專有名詞復數（一般是指哪國人）

a Chinese—two Chinese，a Japanese—two Japanese，an Englishman—two Englishmen，a Frenchman—two Frenchmen, an Arab—two Arabs, 口訣（中日不變，英法變，其它后面加s）

4).復合名詞復數形式的構成

組成部分均為表示人的主體詞各組成部分都要變為復數形式woman doctor（女醫生）——women doctorman servant（男仆）——men servants 其它只要把后面的主體次變為復數即可：a boy seller—two boy seller, a girl waiteress—two girl waitresses

5)只有復數形式的名詞: 由相同兩部分組成的物體的名稱scissors（剪刀）trousers（褲子）glasses（眼鏡）shorts（短褲）某些動名詞savings（積蓄）belongings（所有物）

2不可數名詞

表示無法分清個體的名詞。不過，有些詞在漢語中可數，在英語中卻不可數。例如：news（新聞）、furniture（家具）、bread（面包）等。此類不可數名詞要表示“一”這個概念時，需用其它方式表達，如a piece of news，a piece of furniture，a loaf of bread等。

一般來說，物質名詞和抽象名詞是不可數的，通常沒有復數形式。

二、使用名詞單復數應注意的事項

(1)有些名詞加s形式表示特殊的意義，如times時代，goods貨物，greens蔬菜等。

(2)work, paper等一些詞：表示工作時（work）是不可數，表示著作（a new work,works）是可數，如：a new work一個新作品，the works of him他的全部作品。

表示紙（paper）不可數，表示論文，試卷，報紙時（a paper, papers）是可數, 如：a daily paper 一份日報，paper表示供閱讀的一張一張的“報紙”，是規則的可數名詞。如：Give me some papers to read.給我幾張報紙讀。When I entered he was reading a paper.我進來時他在讀報紙。exam papers 試卷 a paper on his research他的研究論文。

(3)有些名詞看上去是復數，其實是單數，如表示學科的名詞physics,politics,mathematics，再如news等。

（4）有些名詞看上去是單數，其實是復數（這一類大多是集體名詞），如：people, police, family, team

a.people泛指“人們/人民”時是集體名詞，表復數概念;作主語時,謂語動詞用復數形式 e.g.There are a lot of people at the meeting.(不能用is)Many people go there only for fun.(不能用comes)

people指“民族”時,可以有單，復數形式(可以寫成peoples)e.g.The Chinese people is a hardworking and brave one.中國人民是一個勤勞勇敢的民族.The peoples of Africa are awakening.非洲各族（國）人民在覺醒.另外: people著重全體,指“人們”之意時,可以說some people , many people,不能說two people person著重個人方面,可以說one person, two persons

b.family做家庭講時有單復數，一個 家庭用a family,許多家庭用many families, 如：There are many families on the beach.。做全體家人講時，family本身就是一個整體，代表的是復數，后面的謂語動詞用復數形式, 如：All my family are very honest.c.team等用單數或復數動詞都可以；如果認為這個詞表示的是一個群體或單位,可用單數動詞： Our team is the best．我們這個隊是最好的。如果認為它表示的是這個隊的所有成員,就用復數動詞： Our team are wearing their new jerseys．我們這個隊的隊員們都穿著新運動衫。

有些人對名詞數的概念不很清楚，對數目詞（expressions of number）和數量詞（expressions of quantity）也有些混亂，結果把數目詞用在不可數名詞之前或隨意在不可數名詞后面加上復數詞尾“-s”，這些都是語法上的錯誤。例如：

(1)Our workshop has ordered some new equipments from Germany.雖然有些人把equipment（配備）當成可數名詞，但是它是不可數的，不可有“-s”。(2)My teacher gave me some sound advices.應該是“advice”。(3)Do you have any special informations for me?“Information”才對。(4)Most furnitures in my house are made of wood.應該是“furniture...is...”(5)Today,I have many new works to do.必須是“a lot of new work”才是。

(6)Our foreign students have made great progresses in their studies.“Progress”（進步）不可數；不可有“-es”。

(7)All his money are kept in the bank.“Money”（金錢）屬不可數名詞；動詞要單數的“is”。上述這類有關不可數名詞的錯誤，極為普遍既然如此，要怎樣避免這種錯誤呢？.首先，必須牢記不可數名詞絕對沒有復數形式。其次，隨時準備些數量詞，如“much/little/some/a little/a lot of/plenty of”等，以便在必要時和不可數名詞連用。最后，謹記：謂語動詞必須和主語的數目一致。既然不可數名詞沒有復數形式，那么謂語動詞若是簡單現在時態（simple present tense），現在進行時態（present continuous tense）或現在完成時態（present perfect tense）的話，就必須以單數形式出現。例如：

(1)Bread is sold in coffee shops and supermarkets.(2)His luggage is somewhere at the railway station(3)Some money is being used to help the poor.(4)The information required includes personal particulars and the present salary.(5)A lot of time has been spent on this project.