第一篇：《中國學生寫英語論文的常見錯誤總結》讀書筆記

《中國學生寫英語論文的常見錯誤總結》讀書筆記

Section 1

a, an, the

冠詞后面將跟隨一個名詞，并且任何冠詞與名詞之間的修飾詞都用來修飾這個名詞(a big blue bicycle / the first award)。A和an是不定冠詞，the是定冠詞。單數形式的不可數名詞以及指代一個可數事務的普通名詞，它們每次都需要一些限定詞（determiner）。

太長的句子不利于讀者理解，應該盡量分為多個句子。對于一些參數的陳列，盡量使用列表或者整齊的子句。

Prefacing the main idea of a sentence by stating the purpose, location or reason first

在句子的前面陳述目的、位置、原因等，而不是陳述句子的主要含義。這樣減弱了句子的主旨，混淆了讀者的理解。

Tendency of placing phrases which indicate time at the beginning of a sentence

傾向于把表示時間的短語放在句首。這樣是不自然的。

Place the most important subject at the beginning of the sentence for emphasis

將最重要的主題放在句首以示重視。這樣的理解是錯誤的。

‘In this paper’;‘in this study’

study指作者做出的工作；paper指作者表達工作的論文。不可混淆。

這兩個短語最好只用在兩個地方：

1.介紹或者總結全文時；

2.在文中，當指出了其他作者的一些沒有完成的工作之后，使用這兩個短語來描述自己的工作。

Numbers and Equations

阿拉伯數字不應該出現在句子的開頭，而應該使用英文單詞。

阿拉伯數字被濫用，它們應該在給出技術指標時使用，而不用來表示普遍的信息。

不要在句子中使用符號或者表達式，而應該以語言描述。（一般的論文要求所有的表達式都單獨寫出來，并使用特定的格式）

Paragraphs

分段的錯誤有兩個：第一種是換行但是沒有縮進，所以讓讀者不知道這是否是新的一段。第二種是一段的最前面是一個單行的句子，這個句子和這一段同時都縮進了。

Figure和Table的正確縮寫分別是Fig.和Tbl.。縮寫不能出現在句首，并且Figure/Table和數字之間必須有一個空格。

Variables

變量必須使用斜體。

Capitals

大寫字母不能出現在句中，只能出現在句首。

‘such as’ and ‘etc.’

such as的含義和for example一樣；etc.的含義等于and so on。它們如果放在同一個句子里則是冗余的。

Such as意味著后面跟隨一個不完整的列表，如果后面列出了所有的元素，則不應使用such as。

Section 2

1．下列單詞具有同樣的單數和復數形式：

literature(when referring to research);equipment, staff(referring to a group of people)faculty

2．下列單詞不要同時使用，僅僅使用一個就可以了

3．一些單詞要求它所修飾的名詞必須為復數：

4．永遠不要以阿拉伯數字或者英文縮寫作為句子的開頭。

5．不要使用by this way，而用by doing this或者using this method代替。

6．永遠不要使用How to作為一個句子的開頭。（口語中也不要說）

7．不要寫“The results are shown as Figure 2”，要寫“The results are shown in Figure 2”。

8．變量要使用斜體，特別使變量用英文字母表示的時候。

9．避免使用單詞“Obviously”

10．國際論文不應該使用地域相關的單詞，例如at home，abroad，here，our country等等。應該使用“in China”。

11．避免過度使用“that is to say”或者“namely”，而應該盡量在一個句子中表達完整你的意思。

12．不要在句子的末尾使用too，尤其是在科技論文中。

第二篇：《中國學生寫英語論文的常見錯誤總結》讀書筆記

標題：

the most common habits from more than 200 english papers written by graduate chinese engineering students

原文鏈接如下：（不能保證是原始出處）

http://me.sjtu.edu.cn/document/most%20common%20mistakes%20of%20200%20technical%20english%20papers.pdf

時間：

XX以后

閱讀時間：

XX.9.27

摘要：

本文提出了幾種最常見的中式英語習慣它們是從超過兩百份中國學生寫的英文論文中觀察得來的。文中解釋了這些習慣并且在大部分情況下給出了從實際論文中出現的例子以及正確的用法。我們試圖去解釋如何去改正和避免這些錯誤。一些情況下我們還解釋了為什么這些習慣會出現。本文可以成為一個單獨的科技論文編寫指南尤其是當很難尋找一個母語為英語的編輯時。

大意

section 1

a an the

冠詞后面將跟隨一個名詞并且任何冠詞與名詞之間的修飾詞都用來修飾這個名詞(a big blue bicycle / the first award)。a和an是不定冠詞the是定冠詞。單數形式的不可數名詞以及指代一個可數事務的普通名詞它們每次都需要一些限定詞（determiner）。

它們的使用方法如下圖所示：

incorrect figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on surface of main

and splitter blades.15

correct figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on the surface of the

main and splitter blades.15

分析上面的例子surface是一個單數、可數、沒有限定詞的特定的單詞因此要用the修飾。而blades是一個復數、可數、沒有特殊限定詞、并且特定的單詞因此也要用the修飾。

very long sentence

太長的句子不利于讀者理解應該盡量分為多個句子。對于一些參數的陳列盡量使用列表或者整齊的子句。

prefacing the main idea of a sentence by stating the purpose

location or reason first

在句子的前面陳述目的、位置、原因等而不是陳述句子的主要含義。這樣減弱了句子的主旨混淆了讀者的理解。

incorrect for the application in automobile interiors this paper studies the nesting

optimization problem in leather manufacturing.5

correct this paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing

for application in automobile interiors.

tendency of placing phrases which indicate time at the beginning of

a sentence

傾向于把表示時間的短語放在句首。這樣是不自然的。

incorrect when u is taken as the control parameter the bds for δ =0.0 0.001 0.005

are shown in fig.8.

correct figure 8 shows the bds for δ =0.0 0.001 and 0.005 when u is taken as the

control parameter.

place the most important subject at the beginning of the sentence for

emphasis

將最重要的主題放在句首以示重視。這樣的理解是錯誤的。

incorrect based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a cad

model the extended stl format is described in this section.4

correct the extended stl format is described in this section based on the triangulation

structure built from unorganized points or a cad model.

“which/ that”

‘respectively’ and ‘respective’

1.respectively is misplaced in the sentence;it is put before the nouns to which it refers.

incorrect equations 2～6 can be respectively linearized as:……(equations given)…13

correct equations 2～6 can be linearized as:……(equations given)… respectively.

incorrect the weights of the two experts are respectively 0.600 and 0.400.19

correct the weights of the two experts are 0.600 and 0.400 respectively.

2.respectively is inserted to express that there is a certain order in which something was

done.however the order is already implied elsewhere in the sentence or does not need

to be expressed because it does not add value to meaning of the sentence.

incorrect if both the core technology score and core quality score of a bottleneck process

are respectively below certain scores then we refer to strategy 1 otherwise if

either is respectively above a certain score then we refer to strategy 2.

similarly if the core technology and core quality are respectively above a

certain score then we refer to strategy 3 otherwise if either is respectively

below a certain score then we refer to strategy 4.19

correct if both the core technology score and core quality score of a bottleneck process

are below certain scores then we refer to strategy 1 otherwise if either is

above a certain score then we refer to strategy 2.similarly if the core

technology and core quality are above a certain score then we refer to strategy

第三篇：中國學生英語作文常見的錯誤

中國學生作文中常見的錯誤： 1． 標點錯誤

中文與英文的最大區別，在于中文句子是意合，而英文句子則是形合。例如，中文可以說“他贏了，我們笑了。”英文則不能說“He won, we laughed.” 而是要用連詞把兩句話連起來，成為“He won, and we laughed.”.練習：(1)改錯

1． It rained all night, the ceiling began to leak.2． He lifted a rock, it fell on his feet.3． She leaped up screaming, a snake was moving toward her.4． Many people lined up at the ticket booth, all the tickets had been sold out.5． The rise in crime is attributed to drug abuse, and organized robbery.6． John Smith, his wife, his two children, and his dog Pluto, were under a pear tree, in the garden.7． The next day, late in the evening, Charles was killed, by a gang of villains.8． A letter, that is written in pencil, is difficult to read.(2)添上逗號

1． “I see my son you are wearing one of my best ties again.”

2． Rosemary suspected of having murdered her husband was questioned by the police for over three hours.3． The lady was dressed in gray the color of a pigeon’s feathers.4． It is a sad truth but in this unfriendly world he who cries cries alone.(3)分號常用在兩個或兩個以上關系較為密切的分句之間。下面這些句子，只要添上分號就成立了。1． The moon went down the stars grew pale.2． One moment he was friendly the next he was indifferent.3． Far into the night he worked as day dawned he sank back into the chair.(4)引號主要用于直接引語，但也可用于書名或用于要引起人們注意的單詞或短語上。請給下列句子添上引號，同時注意標上其他必要的符號。

1． How do you spell the word Renaissance 2． The coach yelled Shoot when the clock had run down to only three seconds.3． He said Alas How foolish I have been 2.搭配問題

1． Municipal planners deal chiefly for the physical layout of communities.2． Because of its low cholesterol content, margarine is widely used to substitute from butter.3． Thomas Nast was known primarily for a political cartoonist.4． Compared to other areas, the population of the deserts is sparse.1.模糊。意思上的混亂、模糊是英文寫作中常見的毛病。請指出下列句子的毛病：

1． The monkeys amused the people in cages at the zoo.2． People throw away things which are invaluable.3． A shark may attack a man that is hungry.二.寫作能力提高

1． Sentence combining(聯句)a.He didn’t write the letter himself.He asked his friend to do it.b.Dogs are able and willing to learn a wide variety of tasks.They are intelligent and devoted to their owners.c.He had failed many times.He was confident that he would succeed in the end.d.The Chinese character hao combines the symbol for “woman” with the symbol for “boy”.The chinese character hao means “good”.e.He asked to read the instruction book once more.He felt sure that he was using the instrument improperly.f.He failed to completely the course.This spoilt his chances of promotion.g.The public received the news enthusiastically.This surprised no one.2.transition(過渡)：使用關聯詞

表示強調，例如：in fact, most important, above all… 表示對比，例如：unlike, however, in contrast… 表示時間，例如：while, until, as soon as… 表示順序，例如：first, next, finally…

表示類似或舉例，例如：similarly, likewise, for example… 表示補充說明，例如：furthermore, what’s more, in addition… 表示空間關系，例如：near, behind, to the left… 表示讓步，例如：although, nevertheless, in spite of… 表示總結歸納，例如：to sum up, to conclude, in short…

大學英語寫作套路

1.我的觀點（MY VIEW）

When asked about a theme, different people will offer different

opinions....is no exception.Some people take it

for granted

that

...However，others

hold

that...As for as I am concerned, that I am in

favor for the second view.The reasons are as

follows.First, there is an element of truth that...But it doesn’t follow is that that...Therefore，A the

case first

view

in doesn’t

point

hold

water.In conclusion...2.優點

和

缺

點

（Advantages

and

disadvantages）

Nowadays,...plays an important part in...Like everything else,...has both favorable and unfavorable aspects.Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.Firstly,...Besides...Most

important

of

all

...But

every

coin has tow sides.The negative aspects are also

apparent.To begin with,...To make matters worse

of all...Through

above

analysis，I

believe

that

the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.Therefore...3.怎么辦(How contribute to

to)...Many

ways

can

solving this serious problem, but

the following ones may be most effective.First of

all...Another way to solve the problem of...is...Finally...There are not the best and only measures we can take.But it should be noted that if we take strong action to...4.選擇行動(A or B)

When you...you will be faced with the

choice between A and B.Before making the right

choice, you had better make a close comparison and

contrast Second, similarities, following Besides, of

them.First

of

all, B...also A...A...Also，B...A...A

likewise, and

B

are

Despite different

in

their

the

aspects.A...on

First, the

However, B...Therefore，B...contrary, it

depends with...you should choose.If you...，you should choose A;but if you...you should

turn to B.2.為什么(Why)...There

are

many

reasons for...but in general, they come down to

three major ones.For one thing...for another

thing...Perhaps the prime reason is that...From the foregoing...3.諺語引用：

that......As a proverb goes

Nowadays, there are more and more [某種現象] in

[某種場合].It is estimated that [相關數據].Why have

there been so many [某種現象]? Maybe the reasons can

be listed as follows.The first one is [原因一].Besides, [原因二].The third one is [原因三].To sum up，the main cause of [某種現象] is due to [最主要原因].It is

high time that something were done upon it.For

one thing, [解決辦法一].On the other hand, [解決辦法二].

第四篇：中國學生標點符號常用錯誤

中文和英文畢竟是兩個不同的語言，很多用法是截然不同的，如果用中文的理路去生搬硬套，往往會出現許多中國式英語（當然很多外國人也會犯同樣的錯誤）。而我這里要談的，不是give you some color to see see(給你點顏色瞧瞧）或者flower open flower fall（花開花落）之類令人啼笑皆非的短語，而是關于標點符號的用法。

1）中文里面，逗號是一個很常用的符號。如果兩個或者更多的短句之間有關聯，而每一句又沒把整個意思表達完全，就可以用逗號連起來，最后放個句號。所以以下這句話是合法的中文句子：

我看完了這篇文章，我覺得這文章有語法錯誤，原因是作者沒有正確地使用逗號。

很多英文新手會自然而然地把以上這句子翻譯成：

I have finished reading this article, I think this article has grammatical errors, the reason is that the author failed to use commas properly.但這樣翻譯是錯誤的。不是說哪個詞用錯了，而是因為這個句子犯了一個語法上的錯誤。英文里，每個句子只能有一個主語、一個謂語、和一個賓語；反過來說，有了一個主語、一個謂語、和一個賓語之后，就是一句完整的句子，就必須用句號結束。以上這個“句子”被逗號分成了三截，而每一截里都有自己的主謂賓，所以每一截都是個完整句，應該用句號結尾（我們都知道，英文中的句號不是個圈，而是個點，即period)。如果用了逗號，就犯了“comma splice”的錯誤。一個較為單純的修改方法就是把句子改成：

I have finished reading this article.I think this article has grammatical errors.The reason is that the author failed to use commas properly.這個句子雖然語法上對了，卻不通順。畢竟這三截話講的是一件事情。另一個修改方法就是把短句用分號（semicolon)連接起來，形成長句：

I have finished reading this article;I think this article has grammatical errors;the reason is that the author failed to use commas properly.這樣固然可以，但和上面用句號連接沒太大的區別。最好的辦法就是用“連詞”把句子連起來，這樣念起來比較通順，也符合英文的習慣用法。連詞就是and、but、for、so、yet、nor之類的詞。

I have finished reading this article, and I think this article has grammatical errors, for the author failed to use commas properly.2）中文都是方塊字，所以沒有空格。英文是拼寫的，所以詞與詞之間必須用空格來區分開。這樣的空格很明顯，不說大家都明白。但英文里面，標點符號后面也有空格。一般標點后面都有一個空格，但句號后面卻應該有兩個空格。這兩個空格一般很難看出來，特別在印刷品

上面。

3）中文里，“說”“說道”后面是放冒號的，比如：

芙蓉姐姐說：“我是芙蓉我怕誰！”

小沈陽說道：“百分之百純也們兒！”

但英文里，冒號只是用來解釋的:

English consists of three things: letters, punctuation marks, and spaces.“說”后面只用逗號，不用冒號：

Juliet asks, “where art thou, Romeo.”

同時可以注意到，英文中也沒有頓號，只有逗號。

4）中文里有書名號，凡是書名、報名都必須用書名號括起來：

誰是《魯迅全集》的出版商？

我訂《新民晚報》花了很多錢。

英文的規則比較復雜。首先英文里沒有書名號。如果是書，或者詩集，應該用斜體字：

I have finally finished reading A Walk in the Woods.The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson is a great book to own.如果是手寫，無法改變字體，則用下劃線：

This is my hand-written summary of the book Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.如果是短篇故事，或者雜志報紙的名字，則用引號：

I don't like the “Wall Street Journal” at all

(1)頓號、書名號、句號、省略號錯誤。比較中英文標點符號可見,英文標點中沒有中文形式的頓號、書名號、句號和省略號。而這四種標點符號成了大學英語寫作中“借鑒頻率較高的符號。如:

〔錯誤〕1.While she is reading《Gone With the Wind》, I am cooking。

〔錯誤〕2.My sister bought a lot of fruits for me , such as banana、orange、apple and pear.英文中的印刷體用斜體字表示書籍、報刊、戲劇、電影、繪畫作品等的名稱,在書寫體或打字機

打的文本中用字下線表示斜體字;英文常用逗號來代替冒號;而句號是用實心小黑點表示。故以上兩句應改為:

〔修改〕1.While she is reading Gone With the Wind , I am cooking.(印刷體)或While she is reading Gone With the Wind , I am cooking.(書寫體)

〔修改〕2.My sister bought a lot of fruits for me , such as banana , orange , apple and pear.還有,英文中的省略號其實是三個句號的并列,許多學生由于受中文影響常錯誤地把英文省略號寫成六點。

(2)冒號錯誤。冒號是中英文兼有的標點符號。在漢語中,冒號是表示提示性話語之后的停頓,常用在”說、道、講、問、唱、回答、喊、吼“等動詞的后邊,以標明下面的話是誰說的。此用法影響下列英文句子標點:

〔錯誤〕3.I thought to myself :”What kind of trap is she laying ？“

〔錯誤〕4.He asked :”where are you from ？“

以上兩例中的冒號在英文中需用逗點表示。漢語中的冒號還可用在”如次“如下”例如“像等引起下文的提示語后邊。在英文表達中,”for example“(例如)一類的詞后常用逗點代替冒號。

〔錯誤〕5.Good manners can be seen in everyday life.For example : a person with good manners is kind and

helpful to others.〔修改〕5.Good manners can be seen in everyday life.For example , a person with good manners is kind and helpful to others.(3)破折號錯誤。漢語中的破折號標明行文中解釋說明的部分,而英文同位語也具有同等說明的功能,故英文寫作中用破折號連接同位語成份的錯誤也屢見不鮮。如:

〔錯誤〕6.We are studying and living at the famous university — Beijing University.〔修改〕6.We are studying and living at the famous university , Beijing University.對于同位語,英語一般使用逗點而不用破折號。英文中破折號的用法遠沒有中文的豐富。

在大學英語寫作中,與語法知識有關的標點錯誤主要有:

(1)把非限制性定語從句(non-restrictive attributive clause)理解成限制性定語從句(restrictive attributive clause)而忽略用逗點。如:

〔錯誤〕7.We were led into a nearest fabric shop that was divided into two parts.從句意來看,上句是一個非限制性定語從句,故應在shop 后加逗點,把that 相應改成which 即:

〔修改〕7.We were led into a nearest fabric shop , which was divided into two parts.(2)不論狀語從句在整個句子中處于何種位置,一概以逗點隔開。

〔錯誤〕8.We will go there , if it is fine tomorrow.狀語從句可置于句首或句末。置于句首時,一般要用標點隔開;而置于句末時,則無需與主句隔開,故 以上句子應改為:

〔修改〕8.If it is fine tomorrow , we will go there.或We will go there if it is fine tomorrow.(3)在疑問句形式的陳述句后使用問號。

〔錯誤〕9.What fun we girls could expect , to stay in the same class , studying for four long years with them ？I wondered.〔修改〕9.What fun could we girls expect , to stay in the same class , studying for four long years with them , I wondered.英語疑問除可用問號來表達外,尚可用詞序加以表達。故上例的疑問可用逗點表示。

(4)誤把however ,therefore , because , thus 等起聯系作用的副詞當成并列連詞,導致寫作中的逗號粘連(comma splice)錯誤。

〔錯誤〕10.She thought what the teacher pointed out was right , however , she didn't care for that.兩個完整的句子或兩個并列句之間不能一概用逗點點開, 可用句號、分號或在逗點后加并列連詞(and , but , or , for , so , nor , yet)等方法修改。故上例可改為:

〔修改〕10.She thought what the teacher pointed out was right.However , she didn't care for that.或She thought what the teacher pointed out was right;however , she didn't care for that.或She thought what the teacher pointed out was right , but she didn't care for that.(5)與comma splice 相映成趣的是,許多學生作文時,極少考慮句子間的邏輯關系,一個逗點連首尾,導致大量熔句(fused sentence)的堆砌。例如:

〔錯誤〕11.Young men like blue jeans they wear them all the time.〔修改〕11.Young men like blue jeans;they wear them all the time.或Young men like blue jeans.They wear them all the time.或Young men like blue jeans , and they wear them all the time.或Young men like blue jeans;they wear them all the time.或Since young men like blue jeans , they wear them all the time.(6)兩個并列的形容詞間以and 代替逗點。

〔錯誤〕12.Through the window , in front of me were large green fields which

reminded me of the small clearing where I spent my lonely and hard childhood.現代英語表達一般在兩個形容詞中間不使用and , 而是用逗點分隔。

〔修改〕12.Through the window , in front of me were large green fields which reminded me of the small clearing where I spent my lonely , hard childhood

因語體錯位而造成的標點錯誤。

英文寫作是一種書面語的輸出。其書面語體的特征要求其與口頭語相區別。口語中存在的大量縮約(contraction)在書面語體中應盡量避免。而許多學生在書面作文中大量使用省字號('),幾乎1/ 3 左右的作文在文體上存在漏洞,現代英語的發展對此卻難以容忍。如:

1.I'd like to share my joys with you.(I would like to)

2..you can't behave like that.(you cannot)

3..there're so many splendid toys for me to select.(there are)

其他錯誤：

(1)引號錯誤。

〔錯誤〕13.”No pain , no gain.“If you.〔修改〕13.As the saying goes ,”No pain , no gain.“

英文中短小的引語與作者提示”某某說之類的詞語之間用逗點隔開,置于引號內。不能省略提示語“某某說之類而直接引用。

〔錯誤〕14.Glancing through the essay entitled”Why Not More ？ “, Dr.Jefferson frowned thoughtfully.〔修改〕14.Glancing through the essay entitled”Why Not More ？,“Dr.Jefferson frowned thoughtfully.許多學生對諸如上例引號邊的標點位置含糊,不清楚以下常用法:句號和逗號必須置于引號之內;冒號和分號必須置于引號之外;如果所引內容本身是疑問句或感嘆句,問號和感嘆號一般放在引號之內,否則,問號和感嘆號則放在引號之外。

(2)日-月-年次序的日期中的逗號錯誤。英語日期的表達可以用月-日-年的次序和日-月-年的次序,日和年之間加逗號而月和年之間習慣上不加逗號。例如: 誤把”13 August 2002“寫成”13 August , 2002“。

(3)在部分副詞如perhaps , so 后加逗號。如:

〔錯誤〕16.Perhaps , I would not have such a good chance again.〔錯誤〕17.So , they keep in touch with each other merely by writing letters and

phoning now.以上兩句的修改方法是把句中的逗號去掉。

(4)連接號(hyphen)錯誤。許多英語習作者往往隨意用連接號派生單詞,如把”boyfriend“寫成”boy-friend“;”middle school“寫成”middle-school"。在行末單詞分行時,連接號使用錯誤更多。與之相反,若把本應有的連接號粗心刪去,其單詞含義可能會大相徑庭。如有一年美國政府在一份貿易清單上列舉了一些免稅進口的物品,其中有一種是foreign fruit —plants(外國果樹苗),后來由于打字員的疏忽，漏打連接號使其成了foreign fruit , plants(外國水果、樹苗),結果導致第二年大量的水果如桔子、葡萄等從世界各地免稅涌入美國市場從而使美國政府當年損失約200 多萬美元。

應用逗號而沒用,造成語義的表達不清。

Please send me a gross each of the red , green ,blue ,orange and black ties.使人看了以后不知是發5 摞(1 摞= 12 打)

—紅、綠、藍、橙、黑各一摞— 領帶,還是發4 摞

—紅、綠、藍、橙黑各一摞領帶。這句話可改為:

①Please send me a gross each of the red , green ,blue ,orange ,and black ties.②Please send me a gross each of the red , green ,blue ,orange-and-black ties.該用分號的地方用了逗點, 不該用標點的地方也用了逗點,都導致了句子的錯誤。

①People make history , unusual people make history interesting.此句逗點應改為分號, 這是兩個獨立分句。

②Mary was happiest when she was free of her parents' scrutiny , or while she was working in her garden.此句的并列連詞是連接的成對的從句,而不是獨立分句,連詞前面的逗號應去掉。

標點符號的使用是約定俗成的, 初學寫作的人只有牢記它的使用規則, 才能寫出規范的文章來。.

第五篇：名師總結寫作中國學生常犯錯誤

名師總結寫作中國學生常犯錯誤+tpo聽說讀寫下載

下載鏈接：

錯誤一：語言絕對化

根據能量守恒定律(Law of energy conservation)，即“各種能量形式互相轉換是有方向和條件限制的，能量相互轉換時其量值不變，表明能量不能被創造或消滅”，人們在使用語言描述事物變化時，應盡可能避免語言過于絕對化，尤其是在使用第二語言進行正式的書面表述時，更應該注意該語言中非絕對化表達方式的學習，這樣才能盡顯文章內容的客觀性。這是絕大多數中國考生在面對寫作TASK 2時所忽視的，大家可以對比如下兩組句子：This tends to occur whenever there is a downturn in commodity prices.This occurs whenever there is a downturn in commodity prices.A child learning a foreign language at primary school causes confusion between their native language and the foreign one.A child learning a foreign language at primary school is likely to cause confusion between their native language and the foreign one.為解決該問題，筆者總結了一些表達委婉語氣的用語和句式，考生可以嘗試使用，如：may, might, would, could, largely, possibly, probably, be likely(unlikely)to, be inclined to, tend to, to a large(some)extent, there is a higher probability/possibility that…等。

錯誤二：只回答部分問題

An increasing number of people are moving and living in big cities.Why is this case? Is it a positive or negative trend?(2010年1月23日 G類)該題有兩個問題，很多考生在作答時忽視了第一問，只回答第二問，抑或是把第一問和該現象積極的一面混為一談，如：

On the one hand, living in big cities brings about a considerable number of advantages, which is also why people move to big cities.Initially, it is undeniable that work conditions in big cities are usually better that those in countries and small cities.With more work opportunities and a higher level of salary, people in other places, especially the young, are inclined to move to big cities.Subsequently, not only does living in big cities offer people better work conditions, but also it affords dwellers with facilities of higher quality.These facilities, such as the premium hospitals

and education resources, are extremely attractive to countryside people and those in small cities.(考生答卷)

該現象的原因應從大城市移民的角度考慮，如可以享受更好的生活設施，教育資源和就業機會等。而其積極的一面應從城市居民或管理者的角度考慮，如大量的“移民”給城市帶來了更多的勞動力和稅收。

遇到此類考題，考生可以將全文分為四個段落，除去開頭和結尾段，主體兩個段落分別回答一個問題，即第二段回答產生該現象的“原因”，第三段選取積極或消極任何一面展開論述。

錯誤三：容易跑題

該現象產生的原因主要是考生沒有正確地理解題目，如Some people think that foreign tourists abroad should be charged more than local people to visit a country’s cultural and historical attractions.To what extent do you agree or disagree?(2011年4月30日A類)

就該題而言，很多考生將意思是“收費”的charged一詞理解為“控制”，而該詞是我們在中學階段就已經學習過的。這就很容易導致作文跑題，而跑題的作文分數為5分。

避免該問題，首先，在積累詞匯階段，考生應連同其同義詞準確記憶;其次，由于每年的考題重復率相對較高，所以，如果時間允許，考生可以在練習階段把近幾年題目通讀一遍，準確理解題目內容。

錯誤四：文章沒有分段或分段不充分

作文應按照論文的寫作格式分段，即有開頭段，結尾段和由兩到三段構成的主體段落。不論是四段式還是五段式，考生只要進行合理的分段，就能滿足考試在邏輯性方面的要求。