第一篇：四級作文萬能之議論文

Model 1問題—解決類作文寫作

Example: social problems(pollution, divorce)

problem.Accordingly,problem is becoming more and more serious.People have found many solutions to this problem.For instance, 一）.However, I’m against the idea of④（應反對的措施）We can imagine how uncomfortable it would be to

In brief, hardly rely on only one way to solve the problem completely.Model 2積極有利類作文寫作

Example: Sports

Nowadays,例說明主題的現狀）.Generally, its advantages can be listed as follows.First,Besides,Through the above analysis, my attitude toward this matter is positive, and the reasons are simple.It not only brings us 處之二）we have not expected.Therefore, I can see its bright future from now on.Model3利弊分析類寫作

Example: The Opening of Universities to the Public

套路 1

Nowadays many people preferbecause it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First,But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that make matters worse,.Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to 法）.套路2

With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality.Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful.The phenomenon ofis an example of the former/latter ones.There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most typical ones.First,（優點二）.Eventually,④（優點三）.The negative effects on our life/or sth else could be seen in several ways, too.The apparent example is that.In addition,On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society.There is still a long way for us to

improve/eliminate

套路3

Everything has two sides of effects on human life.exception, too.The most apparent and positive effect isIt will bring us.It also will give us 明二）.the second advantage lies in④（優點二）.As I have mentioned above, however, A has a negative influence on.Furthermore, A could make us feel.Sometimes

From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by that way,Model4觀點對比類作文寫作

套路1

The topic ofis becoming the most popular one recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people sayAis their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of.What’ more, 二）Moreover④（理由三）.While others think thatBis a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,.Secondly, 三）.From my point of view, I think.The reason is that 因）.套路2

Many students like in②（主題）.some of them think thatA.They think that 因）and they should④（結果）.Other students, however, don’t think so.They feel thatB.They argue that 支持B的原因.I like A.Because.So, as a result, I 果）.By A, I can⑧（重申支持A的理由）.I like this way of⑨（主題）.Model 5.定義解釋類寫作

The good old proverbreminds us that , Indeed, we can learn many things from it.First of all,.For example,Secondly,（理由二）.Another case is that⑥（舉例說明）.Furthermore,⑦（理由三）.In my opinion,Model 6圖表作文

As is shown in the table(or in the graph), … dropped from … in 1994 to … in 1996.According to the figures given in the table, … has great increased(or

decreased)in the past … years(or decades), reaching … in 1996.From the table we can also see that there has been a sharp decline(or rise)in …It is clear that …

There are at least two good reasons for …On the one hand, …Let’s have an example to illustrate the great increase in …On the other hand, … is due to the fact that …In addition, … is responsible for …Maybe there are some other reasons

to show …But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.As far as I am concerned, …/So my conclusion is that …I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.常用句首短語及句式（Phrases and Sentences Used to Start an Essay）

1．With the(rapidly)growing popularity of Internet surfing(computers/cars/mobile phones/pagers/PDP television/...)in China, the quality of our lives is improving for the better.2．With the(rapid)growth of our economy(heavy industries/transportation system/market economy/population/private enterprises/housing industry/...),an increasing number of problems, such as(water shortages/traffic jams/industrial pollution/waste of energy/desert spreading/...), are beginning to surface.3.With the(rapid)development of science and technology(market

economy/electronic industry/information industry/higher education/...)an increasing number of people come to realize that(knowledge is power/a weak nation has no International prestige/education is of vital importance ….4.There is a wide concern that many large state-owned companies are in deficit(quite a few Chinese cities face the problem of water shortages, industrial pollution and waste of energy/various kind of superstition flare up/...).5．Currently, there is a widespread concern over drug abuse(high unemployment

rate / wildlife extinction /environmental pollution/desertification/organized crime/widespread corruption /energy crisis/water shortages/traffic

jams/increasing traffic accidents/...).6.In the past two decades(In the past five years), millions of private enterprises

(private schools / supermarkets / fast food restaurants/...)have mushroomed all over China

7.There are three major values of owning a car(a computer/an apartment/a

mobile phone/a

beeper/...).To begin with...Next...Last...There are, on the other hand, more reasons against it.First(!y)...Second(!y)...Finally…

8.Different people have different attitudes towards the biding of the 29th

Olympic Games(access to WTO/private cars/high unemployment rate/Internet surfing/private schools/state monopoly of

telecommunication/urbanization/stock/...)Some are in favor of...while others are against…

9.When it comes to the access to WTO(Internet surfing / private schools /

brain-drain / e-business / high rate of unemployment/China's football / recycling / widespread corruption …)most people believe that...But other people argue that...10.Recently, extensive studies(statistics/surveys/investigations/...)show

(reveal/indicate/ demonstrate/prove/...)that 107 Chinese cities and 1231 small towns suffer water shortages.常用句尾短語及句式（Phrases and Sentences Used to End an Essay）

1.Without computer(cell telephone/PDP

television/cars/microelectronics/telecommunication/ Internet/genetics advances/...), it would be difficult to imagine modern life.2.We should redouble our efforts to build China into a powerful

(prosperous/better...)nation with international prestige

3.It is imperative for us to take effective measures to correct the situation(fight corruption/ hold back a tidal wave of crime/terminate excessive exploitation of natural resources/ease water shortages/...)

4..In order to make our world a better place in which to live, we must learn to

live in harmony with all wildlife species(stop polluting our environment right away/conscientiously follow family planning).5． In short,(population explosion, environmental pollution and exhaustion of

natural resources)are the major problems to be solved to make our world a better place in which to live.6.I want to be a teacher(a doctor/or to do something)not only because.., but also because.7.It goes without saying that science and technology constitute the primary productive force(knowledge is something/creativity is everything/cheating never pays/...).

第二篇：四級應用文、議論文

應用文：

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A letter Applying for a Bank Loan.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1.簡單介紹個人情況(聯合大學大一學生，物理專業)2.說明申請助學貸款的原因、數額

3.保證會合理利用貸款并表明還款的決心 A letter Applying for a Bank Loan Sep 12th, 2008 To whom it may concern, I am a freshman of Lianhe University, majoring in Applied Physics.I am writing in the hope that I may obtain a bank loan to support my study in Applied Physics for the following four years.My parents are both laid-off workers, so it’s beyond their power to finance me through the college education.To make matters worse, my mother has suddenly fallen ill and is expecting a major operation.With the college tuition becoming a much heavier burden on my family, I am compelled to apply for a RMB 20000 bank loan.I give you my promise that the loan would be used properly.Meanwhile, I’ll spare no effort to work hard both in the study and my future career in order to pay back the loan.I would be greatly obliged if my application is granted.And I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours, *** 社團招聘

Welcome to Our Club 1.本社團的主要活動內容 2.參加本社團的好處 3.如何加入本社團

Welcome to our club!Our “Easy-to-Learn” English club aims at helping college students to study English in easier ways.there may be varieties of colorful activities almost every week in our club, such as English Talk Show, English Corner, English lectures, English Songs Competition, etc.If you are accepted by our club, you will find you have made a wise choice.To begin with, you may practice and improve your English in our activities in a relaxed and comfortable way.In addition, you may make new friends in the activities, which will inevitably make your college life more enjoyable and meaningful.Last but not the least, you may participate in all the activities free for charge.If you feel interested in our club, please don’t hesitate to join us.You just need to fill in the form and we will contact you as soon as possible.Our telephone numbers is 7788666, and if you have any problem, please call us.Thanks for you attention and we are looking forward to your joining!

以下是四級考試曾考過的4篇應用文/說明文：

(招募志愿者啟事)Volunteers Needed

1.校學生會將組織一次暑假志愿者活動，現招募志愿者

2.本次志愿者活動的目的、內容、安排等

3.報名條件及聯系方式

As the summer holiday is approaching, the Student Union will organize a voluntary program and is now recruiting volunteers.This program will focus on teaching farmers’ children at Guan Ming School.It aims to instill confidence, independence and optimism into the pupils and to help them improve their English.Through participating in the activity, volunteers can gain teaching experience.Volunteers will give lessons in the morning and organize after-class activities in the afternoon.The program will start on July 15th and end on July 30th.The Student Union will arrange buses to take you to the school.We need 30 local students who are warm-hearted and good at English.Fellow students that meet the requirements and want to take part in the activity please call us at 87654321 or email us at volunteers@126.com.You are welcome to join us!

(競選學生會主席演講稿)

A Campaign Speech

1.你認為自己具備什么條件(能力、性格、愛好)可以勝任學生會主席工作。

2.如果當選，你將會為本校同學做什么？

Good evening, Ladies and Gentlemen:

Thank you for coming to this election campaign today.With the trust and complete support of my team, I am delighted to announce that I am running for chairman of the Student Union.2

As a diligent man with pleasant personality, I have been always considered to be a good team member.Meanwhile, as a big fan of sports I fully realize the importance of teamwork and advocate the spirit of being quicker and stronger.I possess strong determination to take firm steps toward achieving the objectives of my team.In addition, my working experience with the Student Union in the past two years will be extremely helpful to my future work here if I get elected.A sign of a really strong organization is that it can change its leadership without hindering its progress and without damaging its values.If I am elected, I believe I have the capability to lead the Union to advance in the right direction.I will cooperate well with my fellow members of the Union and take innovative measures, including establishing a student-information center, forming a teacher-student-friendship association, to make the Union a true assistance to students’ study and life here as well as a bridge of communication between teachers and students.Thank you very much for your attention.(導游介紹)

A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction

1.Your role: a tour guide

2.Your audience: a group of foreign tourists

3.Your introduction should include: some welcoming words;the schedule for the day;a description of the place the tourists will be visiting(e.g.a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.)

You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.Good morning, ladies and gentleman, welcome to Beijing.Now, I would like to introduce myself: My Name is Li Ming, a tourist guide from China Travel Service and it’s great honor to stay here with all of you for a whole day.I wish all of you enjoy yourselves during this trip.Here is the schedule of the day.The first spot we are going to visit is the Great Wall, the grandest fortification in ancient China.The next sight to look around is the Ming Tombs, which is one of the best-preserved tombs for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty more than one thousand years 3 ago.In the afternoon, we will go for the Summer Palace, the royal park for Chinese ancient emperors.Currently we are on the way to the Great Wall.Dating back to the seven century B.C., the Great Wall is constructed by respective states for fortifying against invasion of neighboring states.By the reasons of long history and its length, it becomes one of the eight wonders in the world and represents the highest wisdom and crafts.From the top of the Great Wall, we can enjoy a magnificent view of continuous mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers.It is no doubt that one says, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man”。

This is my introduction to the Great Wall.If you have any questions, please feel free to ask me at any time.（交通事故見證書)

An Eye-witness Account of a Traffic Accident

1.車禍發生的時間及地點

2.你所見到的車禍情況

3.你對車禍原因的分析

Yesterday afternoon, I happened to witness a terrible traffic accident on my way home from school.It was 5:30 p.m., I was riding back home.When I got to the last crossing on the Century Street, the red light was on.So I applied the brakes, along with a long queue of vehicles waiting to pass.Just at that moment, a private car of Accord with earth roared forward at my side and bumped against the heavy-load truck traveling eastbound.As a result, the car was badly damaged and its driver got fatally injured on the head.As for the cause of the accident, I think the driver of the car should be held responsible: the light was red then;he should have stopped and waited.It was he who had broken the traffic regulations.In addition, the bad weather was part of the cause.It was drizzling then, and the road was quite slippery.Finally, drunk driving was probably an important factor.As the police discovered on the spot, there was a heavy alcoholic smell on the injured body of the car driver.預測作文

（一）My View on Double BA Degree 1.現在大學生讀雙學位的現象很常見 2.我對這一現象的看法

【范文】

Recently it has become a common phenomenon for college students to have two majors at the same time.In this way, they can get double BA degrees when they graduate from the university several years later.Although it may bring unfavorable consequences, we can be sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the whole.To begin with, most students will become more hardworking and efficient in order to finish the learning tasks satisfactorily.Moreover, with two degrees at hand after graduation, they will stand a better chance in the job market full of fierce competition.In the third place, as for today's university students, tuition and fees are becoming more and more expensive.If they can make achievements in study at school and find a satisfactory job afterwards, it will not be a big problem.Weighing the pros and cons of such a new trend, we can naturally arrive at the conclusion that it is beneficial and rewarding.This system not only compels students to work hard, but also prepares them for the coming competition.【點評】

首段直接點題，說明現象；第二段分述三個優點，其中首句為讓步狀語從句，意思是“雖然可能帶來負面的后果，但總體上是有益的”；第三段呼應第二段，得出結論。

范文首段提出大學生讀雙學位這一普遍現象；第二段分三點進行論述，其中前兩點是優點，即學生會更加勤奮，并且有利于他們在激烈的求職市場中找到工作，最后一點是解釋可能帶來的學費問題并不嚴重；第三段下結論，呼應第二段。

第二段第三句中的stand a better chance(of)表示“大有希望”；第三段末句中的compel sb．to do sth．表示“迫使某人做某事”。

預測作文

（二）Opening Psychological Courses 1.許多人建議大學開設心理課程 2.我對這一問題的看法

【范文】

Recently more and more educator and common citizens suggest that universities colleges open more courses which are helpful for students' psychological health.Personally, I fully agree with their proposal for the following reasons.On the one hand, the ever-increasing pressure of study at the moment and job-hunting in the future may lead to many psychological problems such as anxiety, depression and even despair, and the psychological courses open a door for communication and relaxation.On the other hand, such courses can teach students how to regulate feelings and emotions under different situations, which is a good preparation for the future life in the complex social network.Finally, these courses also introduce good habits which are conducive to mental and psychological health.To be mature and qualified citizens in the society, students have to do more than study hard.In a word, I warmly welcome the establishment of psychological courses in universities.In my mind, they are good for students' psychological development.【點評】

首段提出主題，其中第二句為過渡句，引出下文；第二段提出三點同意的理由；最后一段得出結論，與第一段首句呼應，其中第二句是解釋型的補充說明句。

范文首段提出許多人建議大學開設心理課程。作者同意這一建議，并分三點在第二段中敘述理由。首先，目前的學習以及將來的就業壓力需要開設心理課程。其次，教會學生如何調整在不同環境下的情緒。最后，給學生介紹有利于其身心健康的好習慣。第三段總結呼應首段內容。

第二段第一點中的ever-increasing表示“一直在增加的”，修飾兩個名詞詞組，對比鮮明，at the moment表示“現在”，in the future表示“將來”，open a door for…表示“開啟了……之門”；第二點中的regulate表示“調節，控制”；第三點中的conducive表示“有益于……的”，后接介詞to。

預測作文

（三）Advantages and Disadvantages of Electronic Dictionary 1.電子辭典的優點

2.電子辭典的缺點

3.我的結論

【范文】

The discussion about electronic dictionaries has never stopped in the past few years.Let's have a look at its advantages and disadvantages before drawing the final conclusion.The biggest advantage of an electronic dictionary is its convenience.Whenever you meet new words or expressions, you can know the meaning quickly.What's more, with the development of science and technology, electronic dictionaries are becoming more and more advanced: they can pronounce the words clearly, provide sample sentences to illustrate word usage and store difficult words for special memorization.Last but by no means the least, electronic dictionaries are becoming cheaper and cheaper, and more and more students can afford them.However, the negative effects are also obvious.To begin with, some students rely too much on the electronic dictionary—they never put their heart into learning new words and expressions.In the second place, some explanations are neither complete nor accurate, which are quite misleading.Finally, new technical inventions do not necessarily lead to progress in learning.Diligence is always the decisive factor, because “there is no royal road to learning”.Up until now, we can see it clearly that an electronic dictionary is not beneficial or harmful in itself.The key lies in the user—so long as we can make proper use of it, it can be most helpful to us in many respects.【點評】

首段提出一個長時間爭論的話題；第二段中指出該事物的優點；第三段闡述缺點；第四段首句下結論，表明此事物本身無對錯，第二句指出關鍵在于使用者，即如果合理使用，就會從中受益。

范文首段指出，有關電子辭典的討論從來沒有停止過；第二段闡述優點，即電子辭典便于查詢，而且隨著技術的發展，電子辭典功能也越來越多，另外價錢也越來越低；第三段提出缺點，電子辭典讓學生產生依賴心理，而且有些解釋不準確，另外技術的進步不一定帶來學習上的進步；最后一段總結，電子辭典本身無對錯，關鍵在于正確使用以便為我們服務。

第二段第三句中的illustrate表示“用圖或例子來說明”；第三點中的afford表示“買得起”。第三段第一點中的rely too much on表示“過分依賴”；put one's heart into doing sth．表示“專心致志于某事”；第二點中的accurate表示“精確的”，misleading表示“使人誤解的”；第三點第二句中的decisive factor表示“決定因素”。

預測作文

（四）Teenagers' Studying Abroad 1.現在有很多青少年出國留學

2.有些人認為這種做法是有益的 3.我認為這種觀點是不對的【范文】

Recently it seems that among the students who choose to study abroad, there are more and more-teenagers who study in high schools or even elementary schools.Many people, especially the parents, think it will certainly do good to their chidren because the independent life will make them learn confidence and perseverance.Moreover, the quality of overseas education is often higher, thus the child stands a better chance of entering a better university and getting a better job in the future.After careful consideration, I have to say the above view is more than biased.On the one hand, early independent life is not necessarily good, if the child cannot receive proper guidance and tender care from both teachers and parents.On the other hand, the educational quality is also a question—too many foreign schools aim at earning money.When the children come back, who can guarantee that they can adapt to the fierce competition here? We can see clearly that although teenagers' studying abroad may bring favorable results, there are still a lot to worry about.It seems necessary for young students to make a careful investigation before going abroad.【點評】

第一段指出當前某種普遍的做法，之后分兩點闡述人們支持這種做法的原因；第二段首句鮮明地指出自己反駁的意見，然后分兩點來闡述理由；最后一段進行總結，并請當事人在做出決定前多加斟酌。

范文首句點題，指出青少年留學這一現象，并給出支持者的理由，即獨立的生活會教會他們自信和堅持不懈，而且國外的教學水平會讓學生進入更好的大學、找到更好的工作。第二段給出反對理由。首先，早期獨立不一定是件好事。另外，太多的國外學校的目標是掙錢，所以它們的教學質量是令人質疑的。末段總結說青少年留學可能會帶來好處，但令人擔憂的問題也很多。

第一段第三句中的stand a better chance of表示“有更好的機會做某事”。第二段首句中的biased表示“偏激的，存有偏見的”；第三句中的aim at表示“目的在于”；第四句中的guarantee表示“保證”，adapt to表示“適應”，fierce表示“激烈的”，修飾competition(競爭)。

預測作文

（五）How to Eliminate Cheating on Campus 1.當前校園中存在許多作弊現象 2.解決這一問題的辦法是……

【范文】

Nowadays.instead of listening attentively in class and working hard after class, a number of students adopt all kinds of dishonest methods to get high scores in examinations.It has become such a serious problem that it has aroused the concern from the whole society.To put an end to such a serious problem, in my mind., it calls for the efforts from all sides.First of all, the university authority should make it clear that any cheating behaviors in the examinations, from whispering and copying, receiving answers via mobile phones to asking ringers for help, will be severely punished with no exception.Moreover, teachers of all subjects should go all the way to restore honesty by setting an example for the youth through speaking sincerely and behaving truthfully.Last but not least, young students, the future of our nation, should view integrity as the prerequisite to an upright and responsible citizen so as to learn to despise and fight dishonest behaviors throughout the society.How can anybody expect to lead a meaningful life until he is far from any kind of cheating behaviors? Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.【點評】

首段描述一個引起全社會關注的社會現象或問題，并在第二段中給出三個解決辦法；末段使用反問句和only引導的倒裝句回應主題，效果強烈。

范文首先指出，當前校園中存在的嚴重的作弊問題已經引起全社會的廣泛關注；第二段闡述解決辦法。首先，大學應明確任何形式的作弊都會受到懲罰。其次，老師要以身作則，為學生樹立榜樣。另外，學生應該把誠實作為當一個好公民的必要條件。末段指出，只有同 8 心協力，才能解決校園作弊問題。

第二段第一句中的put an end to表示“結束，終止”，call for表示“要求，需要”；第一點中via指“通過”，with no exception指“沒有例外”。第二點中的go all the way to表示“全力以赴”，restore在文中指“重塑”，set an example for表示“為……做榜樣”，speaking sincerely and behaving truthfully表示“說話真誠，行為誠實”。第三點中的integrity指“誠實，誠信”，prerequisite指“先決條件”，后接介詞for或to；despise表示“蔑視”。

第三篇：四級作文議論文四種類型范文

四級作文議論文四種類型 1.現象解釋型作文模板：

Recently, what amazes us most is＿＿＿＿＿．

There are many reasons explaining ＿＿＿＿＿＿．The main reason is＿＿＿＿＿，What is more, ＿＿＿＿＿，Thirdly, ＿＿＿＿＿．As a result, ＿＿＿＿＿．

Considering all these, ＿＿＿＿＿．For one thing, ＿＿＿＿For another, ＿＿＿＿．In conclusion, ＿＿＿＿．

Reference:

My View on Charity Charity is of utmost importance to us humans.While following a spate of scandals, some individuals and institutions involved in this field have encountered criticism in recent months.There are several reasons for this phenomenon.Above all, compared with those of developed countries, the charity awareness in our country is backward.Some people equal charity with donation, and therefore they believe that charity is the rich’s responsibility and has nothing to do with the middle-class and the poor.The second thing that must be taken into consideration is that a number of individuals and charitable organizations lack a sense of social responsibility, which results in the declining social credibility.For my part, I believe the following steps can address this situation.Firstly, people’s awareness of how profound influence charity can bring to our society should be heightened.Secondly, rigorous supervision must be carried out by the administrations involved, so that the charity activities will become more transparent.2.對比選擇型

When it comes to ＿＿＿＿, different people hold different views.Some contend that＿＿＿＿.For one thing,＿＿＿＿.For another,＿＿＿.In spite of all these claims, others maintain that ＿＿＿＿，They point out that＿＿＿＿.Another instance often cited is that＿＿＿＿.It’s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue.As for me, there’s some truth to both arguments.It’s advisable to ＿＿＿＿＿＿.Marks or Ability 1．有些學生認為學習成績是最重要的。2．有些學生認為培養個人能力是最重要的。

3．你的看法。

It is well known that the task of college students is to study, and some students regard that marks are very important.They think that their primary task is to study and learn: from teachers and textbooks.They seldom take part in other activities, for they are afraid that those activities will affect their study.They put marks in the first place, thus neglecting the development of practical abilities.While some other students think it most important to develop their practical ability.They think that college students should not only learn the text knowledge, what’s more, they should also learn from outside the textbook.They think their own practical ability is of primary importance.So they take the chance to develop their own practical ability seriously.In my opinion, we should first study hard, but we should not neglect our own practical abilities, for when we enter the society, we need various abilities.Without practice, it is hard for us to be useful for the society.Should Parents Send Their Kids to Overseas Schools? It has become a popular trend for parents, especially the rich ones, to send their children to overseas schools.To this phenomenon, some people hold a positive view and claim that living and studying abroad benefit the students in various ways.Overseas experience offers students a different perspective of the world.It is the best opportunity for the real-life use of foreign languages.And when returning home, it helps greatly in landing ideal jobs.Others, however, hold the opposite view.Living and studying abroad, they say, is no easy matter.Language and cultural barriers, financial pressure and loneliness can easily bring the kids down.Besides, overseas experience by no means guarantees an ideal job.Many companies think working experience more important than educational background.Personally, I think parents, if they can afford it, should send their children to overseas schools since it is worthwhile.In the first place, the students gain precious experience than those who stay at home.Furthermore, overseas experience can be constructive to character building as well as the growth of children.3.問題解決型

With the ＿＿＿＿of＿＿＿＿，So it is of great importance for us to＿＿＿＿.However, we have figured out many ways to ＿＿＿＿＿．Firstly, ＿＿＿＿So long as＿＿＿＿.Secondly＿＿＿＿, Thirdly＿＿＿＿．In fact＿＿＿＿, That is because ＿＿＿＿.In a word,＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．

Irrational Consumption 1.很多大學生有不理性消費的習慣 2.不理性消費的弊端

3.為了解決這一問題，我認為。。

Irrational consumption has always been a common phenomenon existing among the modern people, which is especially true when it comes to college students.Financially supported by their parents, a majority of the students have no clue about their consumption.Usually, they will purchase what they like at the first sight regardless of the necessity and price.As a matter of fact, the irrational consumption habit does great harms.On the one hand, it will directly lead to blind consumption, which means unnecessary stuff will be purchased and money hardly made by our parents will be wasted.On the other hand, as an ill-formed habit, irrational consumption will exert far-reaching influences on our development, making our life lack of planning.In order to get rid of the irrational consumption habit, I believe we should form into the habit of keeping record on our consumption and making plans on what we really need.4.觀點論證型

Diligence Helps to Achieve Success As the famous saying goes, “Genius is 99% perspiration and 1% inspiration.” If one intends to succeed, he must spare no efforts to strive for his goals with diligence.Diligence plays a very important role in one’s success.As far as we know, at the age of 19 months, Helen Keller lost her sight and hearing, which is a big obstacle to learning.However, instead of bending to her physical disability, she was hardworking and diligent in learning everything.As a result, she became a well-known writer and educator in the nineteenth century who has acquired a large stock of knowledge and mastered English, French, German, Latin as well as Greek.Some people saw wonderful dialogues in David Copperfield and realistic description of the social background in Tale of Two Cities.How did Dickens achieve this? It is due to his diligence.In conclusion, diligence is not only a positive approach toward life but also the most reliable way to guide us toward success.Diligence is a key to success.實用句型 開篇

1)Many nations have been faced with the problem of...2)Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3)Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.4)Recently the issue has aroused great concern among...5)Nowadays there is a growing concern over...6)Never in our history has the idea that...been so popular.7)Faced with..., quite a few people argue that...8)According to a recent survey,...9)With the rapid development of...,...比較、對比

1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...4.It is reasonable to maintain that...but it would be foolish to claim that...5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.6.Like anything else, it has its faults.7.A and B has several points in common.8.A bears some resemblances to B.9.However, the same is not applicable to B.10.A and B differ in several ways.11.Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.12.People used to think..., but things are different now.13.The same is true of B.14.Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.15.It is true that A..., but the chief faults(obvious defects)are...原因

1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.A number of factors might contribute to(lead to)(account for)the phenomenon(problem).2.The answer to this problem involves many factors.3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...4.The factors that contribute to this situation include...5.The change in...largely results from the fact that...6.We may blame...,but the real causes are...7.Part of the explanations for it is that...One of the most common factors(causes)is that...Another contributing factor(cause)is...Perhaps the primary factor is that …

But the fundamental cause is that...后果

1.It may give rise to a host of problems.2.The immediate result it produces is...3.It will exercise a profound influence upon...4.Its consequence can be so great that...批駁

1)It is true that..., but one vital point is being left out.2)There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.3)Some people say..., but it does not hold water.4)Many of us have been under the illusion that...5)A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.6)It makes no sense to argue for...7)Too much stress placed on...may lead to...8)Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that...9)Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that...舉例

1)A good case in point is...2)As an illustration, we may take...3)Such examples might be given easily.4)...is often cited as an example.證明

1)No one can deny the fact that...2)The idea is hardly supported by facts.3)Unfortunately, none of the available data shows...4)Recent studies indicate that...5)There is sufficient evidence to show that...6)According to statistics proved by..., it can be seen that...結尾

1)From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that...2)It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop...3)It is necessary that steps should be taken to...4)In conclusion, it is imperative that...5)There is no easy method, but...might be of some help.6)To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must...7)In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.8)With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.9)We might do more than identify the cause;it is important to take actions to...10)Taking all these into account, we...11)Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...

第四篇：小作文之議論文

小作文之議論文

議論文以議論為主要表達方式，重在“說理”。議論要有理有據，有條有理，能辨證分析，才有雄辯的說服力，才能“以理服人”。

一、寫作要領

一言以蔽之：議論文必須“講理”，要學會“講理”，要善于“講理”，只要如此，才能讓人信服。著眼于考場作文的特殊性，最好在開頭部分旗幟鮮明的亮出中心論點，再用論據進行論證。論點要力求正確、新穎、有針對性。

論據是否精當與議論文是否有說服力密切相關，要精心選擇可靠、典型、新鮮的論據。在此基礎上力求論據的運用合理、巧妙。

一切論據都要為證明中心論點服務，事例論證“擺事實”之后一定要“講道理”，這樣事例才能充分發揮作用。

安排好文章的層次和結構，能夠靈活采用并列式論證結構和遞進式論證結構。

對論點進行多角度、多側面、多層次論證，靈活運用各種論證方法，諸如：例證法、引證法、對比論證法、比喻論證法、因果論證法、假設論證法、詮釋法、反證法、歸謬法等。

二、誤區掃描

觀點與材料不契合，油水分離。

以例代證，不會“講理”。

缺乏思辨，簡單膚淺。

三、重點突破

1．材料與觀點必須契合議論文中觀點是靈魂，是統帥，材料必須為證明觀點服務，材料與觀點要統一。否則，就沒有說服力。如：

常言道：勤能補拙，事實正是如此。居里夫人在法國讀書時，每天早晨，總是第一個來到教室；每天晚上，幾乎都在圖書館度過。圖書館在10點鐘就關門了，她便回到自己的小屋子里，在煤油燈下讀書常常到半夜兩點鐘。正是她的勤奮，才為她后來的成功奠定了堅實的基礎。我國第一個電子學女博士韋鈺在西德進修期間，沒有空暇到繁華的街頭漫步，沒有精力去劇場、影院欣賞藝術，她一心撲在專業上，就連生病也拒絕休息。正是勤奮刻苦，才使她為祖國贏得了榮譽。

所舉事例只扣住了觀點“勤能補拙”中的“勤”，而與“勤能補拙”的觀點并不契合。“拙”指天資不好，居里夫人和韋鈺并不“拙”。因此兩個事例不能證明“勤能補拙”的觀點。

單獨就這個片段來看，改論點更為經濟，可以將論點改為：成功來自勤奮。

如果保持論點不變，就要另選論據。可以修改為：

常言道：勤能補拙，事實正是如此。愛迪生上小學時被老師和同學稱為“智能低下的人”，結果只上了三個月的學就被迫輟學了。但是，愛迪生并沒有因此就妄自菲薄，而是以頑強的意志勤奮學習，最后終于成了舉世仰慕的大發明家。我國清代著名畫家、書法家和詩人鄭板橋，因為天資愚拙，記憶力差，便“笨鳥先飛”，以驚人的毅力刻苦攻讀。他躺在床上看書，騎在馬上看書，上廁所的功夫也抓緊時間看書，一本書要讀幾遍十幾遍，直至融會貫通。多年的立志奮發，終于使他在詩書畫幾個方面都有了很高的造詣。可見，天資愚拙的人，后天的勤奮可以彌補先天的不足，用勤奮的汗水也可以澆開成功的花朵。

2．“例證”必須有“例”有“證”

例證法是常用的論證方法。例證，必須有例有證，就是要對列舉的事例作精當的分析，揭示材料與觀點之間的聯系，充分發揮材料的作用，以證明觀點正確。但中學生寫議論文普遍存在有例無證、以例代證的現象。論點和論據之間互相脫離，兩者之間缺乏必要的聯系的橋梁，論點還是論點，論據還是論據；論據失去了其應有的作用，論點孤立無援，也就失去了立足的依據。這種“不講道理”的議論文，論點無論怎樣正確，也不足以服人；論據無論怎樣充足，也不過是一堆零碎的材料。選取了典型的事實材料，還必須善于緊扣觀點對材料加以闡釋分析，揭示其中所蘊涵的道理，說明其與論點的聯系，使論點與論據形成一個有機的整體，才能充分發揮例證的論證功能。

有人以“毅力是成功的保證”為中心論點作文，其中有這樣一段：

唐代大詩人白居易幼年讀書讀得“口舌成瘡”；馬克思寫《資本論》用了四十年的時間，其間貧困疾病交加，用他妻子的話說，他是在墳墓邊徘徊。可是馬克思沒有動搖過信念。這兩個事例告訴我們，毅力是治學的支柱，凡是事業上有所建樹的人，大都有艱難的歷程和堅強的毅力。

作者由具有代表性的論據，引發出一般性的結論，由點到面的分析，使論據發揮了論證的作用。議論文中不可能列舉全部的事例，采用點面結合的方法，可以使文章更加簡潔，使論證顯得更加全面。

3．能夠辨證分析

議論文的內核是作者的思想。作者認識事物、分析現象、思考問題的能力與水平，是決定議論文質量的關鍵因素。

作為高中生，應該具有一定的辨證思維能力，能夠進行理性思考。如對“得隴望蜀”這個成語，不能只作簡單的肯定或否定：對那些在物質追求上毫無滿足、“得隴望蜀”的現象應該批評，而對那些在事業上不斷追求、“得隴望蜀”的人則應該歌頌。可見對“得隴望蜀”應該辯證地看待，不能“一刀切”。世界上的事物是復雜的，我們不但要看到事物正面，也要看到它的反面；不但要看到其表面現象，也要看到其內部實質；不但要看到此一事物，而且要看到與之相關的彼一事物。

有人以“毅力是成功的保證”為中心論點作文，其中有這樣一段：

辯證唯物主義告訴我們，事物的發展是內因和外因共同起作用的結果。但內因和外因在事物發展中的地位和作用是不同的。內因是事物變化發展的根本原因，外因是事物變化發展的條件，外因通過內因而起作用。由此可見，一個人要取得成功，順利的環境，好的機遇這些外因固然很重要，但歸根到底，決定事情成功的還是內部因素，要看他自己是否有毅力，是否有恒心。

用辯證唯物主義的原理進行辨證分析論證，很有說服力。

有人分析“逆境與成才”的關系：“歷史事實證明，厄運能磨煉人的斗志。”（分論點一）“但是，逆境能夠出人才，絕不意味著逆境一定出人才。一個人能夠成才，關鍵在于自身主觀上是否努力。”（分論點二）

四、時文短評

1.什么是短評

顧名思義，“短”是指它篇幅短小，“評”是指在文體上屬于議論文的范疇。它短小精悍，言簡意賅。涉及的內容非常廣泛。包括社會評論、文學評論、藝術評論。其中社會評論是我們考試的重要組成，其對象包括：政治、經濟、文化、教育、生活等。

2.時文短評的特點

第一、觀點鮮明。由于要在極其短小的篇幅中闡述自己的觀點，所以短評的觀點態度一定要鮮明。一般觀點放在開頭，但也可以在文末或文中提出，但論點一定要明確、有力。

第二、說服力強。雖然只有短短200個字左右，但說理論證還是非常重要的，說服力就成了短評中需要特別注意的問題。這就決定了短評選取的論據一定要準確，能夠真實地反映論點，有力地支持論點，具有典型性、客觀性。

第三，語言精煉。短評的語言要一字千金，表述準確，不能東拉西扯，蒼白無力。

第四，脈絡清晰。高考要求短評一般二百字左右，短短一段文字中，要有觀點、有論據，有概括、有闡述，只有脈絡清晰，才能說清楚、講明白。

3.時文短評的答題要領

①旗幟鮮明，表明觀點態度。

②說理分析，客觀辨證，有的放矢。

③提出解決方法，通情達理。

4.短評的主要寫法有

①從正面肯定。

簡明扼要亮出觀點。再用簡單論據進行論證。

②從反面否定。

簡明扼要亮出觀點。可以直接反駁錯誤的見解，也可以間接反駁錯誤的見解。

③可以采用多分法進行分析，既肯定正面，又否定反面。要注意不要自相矛盾。

5.時文短評題的幾種類型

【單一材料型】

近日看到一則消息，標題是“1500碩士競聘賣豬肉工作，據稱包括海歸人士”，言稱如今嚴峻的經濟形勢下，別說大學生就連碩士博士就業也費勁，就有那么一家天才公司此時出了招聘廣告，高薪之下竟引來無數碩士征聘，一下子火了。先前就有過“北大才子賣豬肉”的新聞，也聽說過放棄20萬年薪回家鄉種紅薯的碩士農民彭煥新，都挺成功的，雖然在世俗眼光里此舉動不可思議，但人家自己樂意，而且賺錢了，別人怎么說怎么看是別人的事。但今天這新聞夠轟動，人數眾多、層層篩選、條件苛刻。對于這一消息，上至教授，下至百姓，眾說紛紜。請你就此現象寫一則短評。

例文1.碩士競聘賣豬肉也沒有什么大不了。（觀點態度）如果市場有需求，就有實現的可能。一方需要高素質人才，另一方需要錢滿足生活需要，好像也算得上市場經濟的一種反映。退一步講，似乎應該為這一現象感到高興才對。或許高學歷們開始沒干過，但熟能生巧，為了生存，人往往能激發出自身巨大的潛能，假以時日，高學歷們就能練就熟練的、普通殺豬賣肉者的本領，甚至完全有可能超過他們。（說理分析）改革年代，賣豬肉也需要人才，只有轉變思想才能讓企業獲得更大的發展。（解決方法）

例文2.我為千余碩士競聘“豬肉榮”的現象大聲叫好。（觀點態度）因為這是就業者端正心態、消除職業歧視的體現，是社會的一大進步。世上三百六十行，本無高低貴賤之分，只根據貢獻大小和市場規律來決定薪酬。更何況該公司還要發展壯大“賣豬肉”產業，需要的是人才。（說理分析）因此我認為正確的就業心態是認清事實，積極適應社會需求，而不是繼續昂著高傲的腦袋。（解決方法）

例文3.碩士競聘賣豬肉，這是對國家人力資源的浪費。（觀點態度）“北大才子賣豬肉”、“碩士種紅薯”。十年寒窗，卻終于學非所用。雖說學歷不代表實力，但研究生賣豬肉可以體現什么學術價值，知識力量。賣豬肉這活也可能需要統計學、經濟學甚至會計學。但不至于需要碩士研究生吧。倘若如此，當一個媽媽指著“賣豬肉的”告訴孩子，他是碩士時，孩子又會做何感想？（說理分析）我覺的正確的就業心態是認清自己，學以致用。（解決方法）

【多材料比較型】

近年來，明星移民，國外產子的現象頗為常見，土生土長的中國著名演員鞏俐遠嫁新加坡并于上月宣誓加入新加坡國籍。章子怡早前開心地宣布已與美國富豪男友ViviNevo訂婚，以及明年結婚；坦言有計劃結婚及生育，她強調“即使下一代是美國人，但她永遠都是中國人”。同樣2006年前乒乓球國手鄧亞萍，在巴黎一家醫院剖腹產下一男嬰。有人，質問鄧亞萍：為什么把孩子生在法國？中國之大，就沒適合她生孩子的地方嗎？分明是想混法國國籍。消息傳出后，引起公眾的關注，國內網友們更是掀起激烈的爭論。有人認為這是不愛國的表現。有人認為這與愛國無關，那你是怎么看待這個問題的？

例文1.不管是國外生子還是移民他鄉，這與愛國無關。（觀點態度）鞏俐、章子怡加入他國國籍完全是為了愛情。鄧亞萍法國生子又與愛國有何關聯，愛不愛國不是擁有哪國的國籍，那是發自心里深處的情感，張明敏的“我的中國心”就是最好的證明。再說加入外籍是她們個人的權利和自由。鞏俐等不是第一個，也不會是最后一個。（說理分析）我們還是以正常的心態去看待此類現象。（解決方法）

例文2.這是不愛國的表現。（觀點態度）鞏俐此舉雖屬個人權利，卻傷害了很多中國人的民族感情，對于明星加入外國國籍的意圖，可能每人的出發點都不一樣，但在國內名利雙收的時候卻放棄滋養自己的祖國，有一點忘記爹娘的感覺。（說理分析）當我們面對這樣的情形時，應當記住做中國的公民是最基本的愛國表現。（解決方法）

【正反比較型】

閱讀下列新聞，寫一篇200字左右的短評。簡要分析評說，發表自己觀點與見解。

2008年8月18日中午，在北京奧運會男子110米欄預賽中發生了令人意外的一幕：被視為國人的驕傲的中國選手劉翔因傷退出比賽。對中國人來說，北京奧運會最值得期待的恐怕就是劉翔的110米跨欄了。但萬萬沒想到的是，第一場比賽劉翔就黯然退場了，給數萬名正在狂熱呼喊“劉翔加油”的觀眾留下一個蒼涼的背影。劉翔的退賽，引發了熱議??

1994年第17屆冬奧會上葉喬波為中國代表隊奪得冬奧會上的首枚銅牌。在賽后的手術中，醫生驚訝地發現她左膝蓋的兩側韌帶和髕骨早已斷裂，腔內有8塊游離的碎骨，骨骼的相交處呈鋸齒狀。“葉喬波精神”一度是被廣泛宣傳的，葉喬波成了英雄，成了詮釋“中國精神”的形象代表。但此后的很長一段時

間她都是在輪椅上度過的，甚至不少人還擔心她“永遠都站不起來了”。

例文：從葉喬波帶傷上陣到劉翔果斷退出，這是歷史的進步。（觀點態度）葉喬波的“堅持”讓人欽佩，更讓人心酸。雖然最終拿了獎牌，但運動生涯因傷而結束了。劉翔的退出讓人惋惜，但也讓人欣慰，時代的進步已經使人們能夠更理性地看待劉翔的放棄，也能夠更理性地對待金牌。（說理分析）我們不想看到下一個葉喬波，應當從更新的角度去認識與理解體育的精神，去支持中國的“劉翔”們。（解決方法）

五、片段寫作

1.（1997年語文上海卷)推薦一部電影(電視劇或戲劇作品)

要求：①注意突出作品的特色。②250字左右。

參考答案：

《紅河谷》值得一看

《紅河谷》是近期上映的優秀國產影片，其恢宏壯麗的戰爭場景和秀美迷人的藏地特有的雪山風光，堪稱同類影視中的佼佼者。影片通過波瀾壯闊的歷史畫卷，表現出一幕幕藏漢人民抗擊英國侵略軍的足可驚天地、泣鬼神的空前義舉；影片成功地塑造了頭人、丹珠公主、格桑、雪兒達娃、英軍上校羅克曼、隨軍記者瓊斯等一批光輝的藝術形象；既有“牦牛陣”的震天撼地，也有老祖母手中揮動的瑪尼輪的無聲畫面；不乏男女青年的情愛糾葛，更有凄絕壯絕的主題深化，那位英國青年的幕外音：“這是一個永遠無法征服的民族”，真令人熱血沸騰、豪情激蕩。我認為，無論老少男女，都值得去領略一下本片的藝術享受，千萬別錯過了難得的眼福。

2.（1992年全國高考作文題）閱讀下面材料，完成題目。

春雨瀟瀟，路燈朦朧。我獨自站在候車亭下避雨。

“哐啷”一聲，一個穿運動鞋的小青年，把丟在旁邊一個大玻璃罐當作足球盤帶著。這一腳趟大了勁，玻璃罐滾到候車亭前，裂成了好幾瓣，流出一攤黑糊糊的東西。

“玩也不看地方，玩出這損人的事。”我心理暗暗責備他。他大概也沒想到這樣的后果，吃驚地看著自己的“杰作”，低著頭走了。

雨大了。一輛自行車急駛而來，后輪軋上碎玻璃，“撲哧”，全癟了。從車上跳下一位穿紅雨衣的姑娘，嘴里嘟嚷著“大家都沾點光吧”，順腳朝玻璃罐底一踢，玻璃更碎更散了。“紅雨衣”抬頭發現我在搖頭，可能也意識到自己做得不妥，趕緊用鞋把大塊玻璃片歸攏到一旁，然后才推著自行車匆匆離開。雨小了，一對撐傘的男女挨著呢喃著走過來，高跟鞋偏偏踩到攏在一旁的碎玻璃上，腳一滑，漂亮的鞋子沾上了黑糊糊的東西：“唉，真缺德，中國人的公德心呀??”

“當心牢騷太多長白頭發。”那男的一邊為她擦鞋子一邊笑著說。

傘下的一對低聲說話漸漸遠去，我不知道他們是不是還在談論著剛才的話題。

但是，“高跟鞋”的那句話卻仿佛刺了我一下。君子動口不如動手。雨停了。我回家拿了掃帚和鏟子，又回到原地一看：碎玻璃已被打掃得干干凈凈，不留意連那攤黑糊糊的痕跡也看不出來了。我開始是發愣，然后才恍然大悟：“運動鞋”、“紅雨衣”和傘下的一對，他們都有可能回來過。那么，到底是他們之中的誰清理了這個地方呢？

題目：選擇所提供材料的一個或幾個人物（包括“我”）的思想行為，進行分析，展開議論，寫一篇議論文。

注意：1.題目自擬。2.不少于350字。

參考答案：

話說“牢騷”

“玩也不看個地方??”“唉，真缺德，中國人的公德心啊。”“紅雨衣”與“傘下姑娘”可說代表了當前一些人。這些人“不平則鳴”，就是所說的“愛發牢騷”。

愛發牢騷好不好？我敢大膽地回答：“好！”屈原的《離騷》據傳可能就是“牢騷”的誤傳。姑且不探究這個考據的真實與否，單說“常太息而掩涕兮，哀民生之多艱”這樣憂國憂民的牢騷好不好？電影《高山下的花環》里的牢騷大王靳開來，那罵到前線要兒子的神通廣大的貴婦的牢騷，您聽著是否震動心靈，義憤不已？如果這種牢騷是一種憂國憂民的渲泄，哪一位敢說它不好？！

但是只會發“牢騷”好不好？這回我卻要回答——“不好”事物就是辯證的，過分地提及陰暗面，就

會喪失關鍵的自信；只發牢騷，不動手改造，失去了自身的參與，“牢騷”永遠不能改變，那么這種“牢騷”就不再是推動社會進步的汽笛，而是社會發展中的噪音！

我欣賞傘下小伙子的做法，發牢騷不如干實事，自己動手，改造“牢騷”中的壞事物，那么牢騷之聲就會日漸減少，那么一切就都會美好得多。生活小事如此，國家大事不也同理嗎？

動手比動口更重要

一位姑娘被玻璃片扎了鞋，滿懷感概地說一聲：“唉，中國人的公德心呀??”然而她自己卻也是全然不理那扎人的玻璃碴兒，揚袖而去，這真是應了一句古語：“君子動口不動手”。我不由想到：動手比動口更為重要。

誠然，動口總還是必要的，然而光動口不去動手干，是很難解決什么實際問題的。有人在評價聞一多先生時說：“他，是口的巨人；他，是行動的高標。”這正是將動口與動手緊密地結合起來了。如果聞一多先生只是“口的巨人”，那他也不可能成為民盟的領袖人物，就是能成為領袖也不會有突出的業績。動口總是無濟大事，真正成事還靠動手。玻璃扎了鞋,不動手掃開它，它仍會扎鞋；樹上的果子你不去摘它，它不會自動跑進筐子里，這是很明白的道理。愛因斯坦成功的“公式”中就有“少說空話”這一條。

多動手去干，這對于我們現在來說尤為重要。改革光憑口是“改不出來”的；全國人民的“小康”，也不是光憑口說出來的。要改革，要發展社會主義經濟，要鞏固社會主義制度，必須在“動口”的同時，尤其注意“動手”，真抓實干，堅持到底。

評析:

議論文《動手比動口更重要》，題目即揭示了中心論點。論述中，以聞一多、愛因斯坦的事例為論據，很有說服力。此外，從摘果子的小事到發展社會主義經濟的大事，列舉了諸多動手比動口重要的例子，語言簡約而敘述完整。

寫議論文最怕說絕對的話，本文“誠然，動口總還是必要的”一句，就避免了片面性，這是思維嚴密的表現。

文章篇幅雖短，卻寫得集中，緊緊圍繞著“口”與“手”兩字展開，論述語言和行動的關系。言與行二者雖都是不可缺少的，然而“手”比“口”“更”重要，一個“更”字突出了行動的地位。

己所不欲，勿施于人

文中的“紅雨衣”，自己的車子被碎玻璃扎了帶，便抱著“大家都沾點光”的心理，把玻璃踢得更散更碎。無獨有偶，有人得了肝炎，偏上飯館吃飯，說什么“有病大家得”。這兩個事例看起來毫不相干，但卻反映出他們共同的一種心態，即“己所不欲，強加于人”。

持有這種心態的人，在潛意識里認為，如果有人和自己遭受了同樣的不幸，那么自己的痛苦就可以減輕。這是一種多么自私的想法！但是，這樣做了，自己的痛苦就真的減輕了嗎？我想也不過只是起到一種阿Q式的心理安慰作用罷了。

從表面上看起來，這樣做的人是自私的，但是，他比自私者更有甚。他是把自己所經歷過的或是正在經歷著的痛苦強加在別人身上。而這種痛苦正是他自己所不愿接受的。他所獲得的歡樂，正是建立在別人痛苦之上的。

有把“己所欲人，強加于人”的心態的人們，望你們能良知發現，懂得“己所不欲，勿施于人”。這樣，就可以少發生許多不該發生的事情，那我們的社會就會更加美好一些，你說是嗎？

評析:

同許多別的文比，本文在議論的角度上有獨到之處。文章抓住材料中“紅雨衣”自己的車子被扎壞后的“大家都沾點光”的心理加以批判。作者又舉出現實生活中，肝炎病人下飯館的同一類事例指出這是一種“己所不欲，強加于人”的自私心理。這種做法，非但不減輕自己的痛苦，反而是把自己的歡樂，建立在別人的痛苦之上。這是多么深刻的分析！從方法上看，這是層進式論點。文章在對錯誤心理進行批評的同時，從正面提出應該發揚“己所不欲，勿施于人”的中華傳統美德，有破有立，很有說服力。從論證上說，這是對比論證。

第1段提出議論的論點，2、3段加以分析，第4段從正面提出希望，全文結構完整。此外，文章的語言于平易中見深刻，于嚴肅中見親切。

第五篇：大學英語四級議論文題型及.

問題解決型議論文 *寫作模式： 1.提出問題現象 2.分析問題產生的原因 3.提出解決方法或期望 *常用句型 問題陳述部分

1.Nowadays, … has become a serious problem we have to face.2.With the development of modern industry, more and more people are concerned about the problem of…

3.Recently, the problem of … has aroused/captured/drawn/caught worldwide attention.4.Nowadays more and more people come to realize the importance of …

5.It is undeniable/There is no denying the fact that… has become the utmost concern among people nowadays.原因分析部分

1.The reasons can be listed as follows.For one thing… For another… 2.It is no easy job to find out the reasons for the problem, which involves several different factors.On the one hand… On the other hand… Finally…

3.There are a variety of reasons for this phenomenon.One important reason is… What’s more… To make things worse,…

問題解決部分

1.People have figured out many ways to solve this problem.Firstly… Secondly… Finally…

???It is high time that we figured out ways to deal with the problem.Here are a few examples of some of the measures that might be taken immediately.???There is no easy approach to this issue, but …might be of some help.???No effective solution is at hand to tackle the problem, but the general awareness of importance of … must be enhanced at first.表達期望部分

???We do not have a perfect solution at present, but as long as we do it with our brains and hands, we will resolve the problem eventually.???As this problem is very complicated, people can hardly rely on one way to solve it completely.???I am confident/positive/sure that a perfect solution will be found in future.???I am looking forward to a day when people can live together in more harmony 范文

How to Eliminate Cheating on Campus 1.當前校園中存在許多作弊現象 2.解決這一問題的辦法是……

Nowadays.instead of listening attentively in class and working hard after class, a number of students adopt all kinds of dishonest methods to get high scores in examinations.It has become such a serious problem that it has aroused the concern from the whole society.To put an end to such a serious problem, in my opinion, it calls for the efforts from all sides.First of all, the university authority should make it clear that any cheating behaviors in the examinations, such as whispering and copying, receiving answers via mobile phones to asking others for help, will be severely punished with no exception.Moreover, teachers of all subjects should go all the way to restore honesty by setting an example for the youth through speaking sincerely and behaving truthfully.Last but not least, young students, the future of our nation, should view integrity誠實 as the prerequisite先決條件 to an upright誠實的and responsible citizen so as to learn to fight dishonest behaviors throughout the society.Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating消除 cheating at all levels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.對立觀點型：?結構圖 引出話題 /

一種觀點認為…… 另一種觀點認為…… ↓

我的觀點（結論）

??(一點明文章主題的常用句式

??When it come to ``````, opinions vary from person to person.??當談到```````時,不同的人對此有不同的看法.??Different people have different views/perspectives/opinions on``````` ??不同的人對``````有不同的看法.??5.There is an argument/much disagreement/no consensus(n.同感 of opinions among people concerning/over/as to /on`````` ??關于``````,人們的看法不盡相同.??6.The issue of whether…..or not has been widely/hotly argued/debated.??關于是否要``````的話題,如今正在被廣論/熱烈地討論.??(二具體介紹兩種對立式觀點的常用句式

??Some people suggest/maintain/hold the opinion that ``````But/However/While/Nevertheless/Yet/other people hold a different point of view`````` ??有些人認為``````,但是另外一些人卻持有不同的觀點.??Some people are inclined to think that…On the contrary/In contrast, there are still many people who won’t agree, and they claim…

??一些人往往認為``````,但是仍然有些人對此表示異議,他們認為`````` ??When it comes to …some people think/believe that… while others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true.??當談及``````的時候,有些人認為``````,但是其他人卻站在相反意見的一邊.??Those who criticize/oppose to/object to…argue that…But people who advocate/favor…,on the other hand, maintain/assert that…l ??那些批評/反對``````的人認為``````,但是贊成``````的人認為``````(三陳述個人觀點

??1.As far as I am concerned/For my part, I would like to agree to the former.??就我而言,我贊同前一種觀點.??2.As to me , I agree to the latter opinion to certain extent.??就我而言,我比較同意后一種觀點.??3.I’m in favor of……/I’m on the side of …… ??我贊成`````` ??4.In my opinion, both sides are partly right when we……we should take into consideration all aspects of the problems and then make the right decision.??我認為雙方都有一定的道理.當我們``````我們應該全面考慮問題,然后做出正確的決定

參考文章:

1.有些人認為某些數字會帶來好運。

2.也有些人認為數字與運氣無關。

3.試說明你的看法。

①When asked about lucky numbers, different people will offer different opinions.Some people think that ② lucky numbers can bring good luck.They hold this view because ③they believe lucky numbers will help them fulfill their wishes-to be rich or successful.④However, there are still many people who won't agree.They argue that ⑤ such kind of idea is only ignorant無知的 and superstitious迷信的 belief.Besides, ⑥they think numbers are just numbers and each number is equal in its importance.⑦Personally, I am on the side of the latter后者 argument.For one thing, ⑧ numbers, including lucky numbers, are just a tool for counting, They don't have magic power.For another, ⑨whether we will have good luck or not depends on ourselves instead of lucky numbers, If we work hard and make good preparations, good luck will come to us.⑩Therefore, lucky numbers don't bring good luck.It is our hard work and good preparations that bring us good luck.說明利弊型 描述某一現象 分析其優點 分析其缺點 我的態度和看法 說明事物優點的常用句型

…?????????????????????????????????????????????????’????????

…????????????????????????????????????????????????????’???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????說明缺點的常用句型

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???????????????????????????????????????????????????…?????????????????說明事物利大于弊的常用句型

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????????????????????????…?????????????????????????????????????????范文

The Two-day Weekend

1.雙休日給大學生帶來的好處。

2.雙休日可能給大學生帶來的問題。

3.我應當怎樣過好雙休日。

The two-day weekend

The advance of science and technology makes people have more free time.Nowadays, we have two-day weekend.The weekend can bring benefits to college students because they can have much more leisure time.Sports fans can play in the playground.Some students who are interested in social work can join many clubs.Of course, we also can get a part time job to gain some work experience.On the contrary, the two-day weekend also arouses problems.There is a growing concern over the students who don't put too much attention to their study.For example, some students always idle away their time, playing cards, drinking, gambling.These problems are really serious.Taking into account all these factors, we can safely come to the conclusion that the students will waste more time if they don't make good use of it.As a student, busy as I am with my study, I also do many interesting things such as reading novels, writing articles at the two-day weekends.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.It is really true.闡述主題型

闡明觀點或提出問題 擺出事實和理由加以論述 得出結論

引出格言，諺語的常用句型

? ?

?

舉例說明的常用句型

/For example

事實證明的常用句式

?

?indicate/reveal/show/prove that?

?

結論性結尾常用句型

have been discussed above ,we may reach /draw the conclusion that?

sum up /On the whole, it is important that?

favor of the former/ the latter.范文

一、Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way 1.怎樣理解“有志者事竟成” 2.例如。。3.結論

Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way There is an old saying that “Where there is a will, there is a way”, which means as long as a person possess a strong will he will certainly accomplish a task no matter how difficult it is.In other words, one of the most important things to achieve success is a firm resolution.This is the case in all walks of life(各行各業.For example, Karl Marx spent five years on his greatest work Das Kapital.（資本論）Cao Xueqin spent ten years on his world famous book Dreams of Red Chamber.Without a strong will and firm determination they couldn’t have fulfilled such brilliant works.However, some people don’t have the fearless spirit.Whenever they meet difficulty they draw back from it.As a result, they never accomplish anything.Therefore, if we wish to succeed, we must first have a resolution and remember the saying “ Where there is a will, there is a way.” ?????? ?詞的替代

??People/person→individual, characters, folks ??good →perfect, excellent, outstanding

??many →an army of, an ocean of, a sea of ,a multitude（大批的）of ??some →quiet a few ,several

??think /in my opinion→take the attitude that, harbor(懷有the idea that, hold the view that, it’s widely shared that, for my part, from my own perspective(觀點 ??thing →affair, business, matter ??aspect →facet, sphere

??fear→ Be fearful of(adj.→n.??For example → to name only a few, take…as an example??remember → bear in mind that