第一篇：英語復習要點

英語復習要點

一.單詞短語句型（目標表短語很重要，熟讀）

二.作文:看課件范文,熟讀

三.語法知識點:復習1-8復習題,綜合版報紙,目標表選擇題上的題,尤其是自己做錯的題

四.聽力:多聽,考前最少練一篇.五.閱讀：把問題在文章中找到一樣的句子，問題找不到，就看選項給的答案哪個在文中有出現。

六.做綜合復習題:能力訓練,綜合訓練.報紙.

第二篇：英語教學法復習要點

英語教學法復習要點

1.Structural view on language：The structural view of language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems: the sound system(phonology);the discrete units of meaning produced by sound combinations(morphology), and the system of combining units of meaning for communication(syntax).Each language has a finite number of such structural items.To learn a language means to learn these structural items so as to be able to understand and produce language.When this structural view of language was combined with the stimulus-response principles of behavioristic psychology, the audiolingual approach to language learning emerged.2.Interactional view on language：The interactional view considers language to be a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people.Therefore, learners not only need to know the grammar and

vocabulary of the language but as importantly they need to know the rules for using them in a whole range of communicative contexts.3.Communicative competence：The goal of CLT is to develop students'

communicative competence, which includes both the knowledge about the language and the knowledge about how to use the language appropriately in communicative situations.There are five main components of communicative competence: linguistic

competence, pragmatic competence, discourse competence, strategic competence, fluency

4.Task in English language teaching：Task-based Language Teaching is a further development of Communicative Language Teaching.It shares the same beliefs，as language should be learned as close as possible to how it is used in real life.However, it has stressed the importance to combine form-focused teaching with communicative-focused teaching.5.Overall language ability：

? Learning:cognitive;self management;communication;resourcing

? Language learning: listening;speaking;reading;writing

? Language: phonetics;grammar;vocabulary;functions;topics

? Cultural: knowledge;understanding;awareness

? Affect: international;perspectives;patriotism;confidence;motivation

6.Components of a lesson plan：background information;teaching aims;language contents and skills;stages and procedures;teaching aids;end of lesson summary;optional activities and assignments;after-lesson reflection.7.The role of the teacher：controller, assessor, organizer, prompter, participant, resource-provider, facilitators, guides, researchers

8.Errors and mistakes：a mistake has nothing to do with the language competence, but a result from a temporary breakdown.When a mistake is challenged or given enough attention, it can be self-corrected.An error has direct relation with the learners' language competence.Errors do not result from carelessness nor hesitation, but lack of knowledge in the target language.Language errors cannot be self-corrected no matter how much attention is given.9.The goal of teaching pronunciation：Consistency: the pronunciation should be smooth and natural;Intelligibility: the pronunciation should be understandable to the listeners;Communicative efficiency: the pronunciation should help convey the meaning that is intended by the speaker.10.Principles for teaching speaking：balancing accuracy-based with fluency-based practices;contextualising practice;personalising practice;building up confidence;maximising meaningful interactions;helping students develop speaking strategies;making the best use of classroom learning environment to provide sufficient language input and practice for the students.11.Mechanical practice：involves activities that are aimed at form accuracy.By doing mechanical practice, the students pay repeated attention to a key element in a structure.Substitution and transformation drills are most frequently used in mechanical practice.12.Meaningful practice：in meaningful practice, the focus is on the production, comprehension or exchange of meaning though the students 'keep an eye on' the way newly learned structures are used in to process.Meaningful practice usually comes after mechanical practice.13.The deductive method：relies on reasoning, analyzing and comparing.Frist, the teacher writes an example on the board or draws attention to an example in the textbook.Then the teacher explains the underlying rules regarding the forms and positions of certain structural terms.Sometimes, comparisons are made between the native language and the target language or between the newly presented structure and previously learned structure.Finally, the students practice applying the rule to produce sentences with given prompts.14.Guided discovery method：The guided discovery method is similar to the inductive method in that the students are induced to discover rules by themselves but different in that the process of the discovery is carefully guided and assisted by the teacher and the rules are then elicited and taught explicitly.There are two key theoretical issues related to this method: the role of explicit knowledge in language learning and the value of discovery as a general method of learning.15.Knowing a word：Knowing a word means knowing its pronunciation and stress;its

spelling and grammatical properties;its meaning;how and when to use it to express the intended meaning.16.Vocabulary consolidation activities：labelling;spot the difference;describe and draw;play a game;use word series;word bingo;word association;find synonyms and antonyms;categories;using word net-work

17.Connotative meaning of a word：A connotative meaning of a word refers to 'the attitudes or emotions of a language user in choosing a word and the influence of these on the listener or reader's interpretation of the word.These would include words that may express a positive or negative attitude or subtle feelings towards something.18.Denotative meaning of a word：Denotative meaning of a word of a lexical item refers to those words that we use to label things as regards real objects, such as a name or a sigh, etc.in the physical world.This is usually the primary meaning of a word and may seem relatively easy to learn.19.Vocabulary learning strategies：review regularly, guess meaning from context, organize vocabulary effectively, use a dictionary, manage strategy use

20.Top-down model of listening：In the top-down model, listening for gist and making use of the contextual clues and background knowledge to construct meaning are emphasized.21.Bottom-up model of listening：In the bottom-up model, listening comprehension is believed to start with sound and meaning recognitions.In other word, 'we use information in the speech itself to try to comprehend the meaning'.Listeners construct meaning of what they hear based on the sound they hear.This process of listening expects the listener to have a very effective short-term memory as they have to make sense of every sound in order to figure out the meaning of words, phrases and structures.If there are unfamiliar sounds, listeners will find it very hard to keep up with the speaker.22.Sight vocabulary：Words that one is able to recognise immediately are often referred to as sight vocabulary.In other words, your sight vocabulary will be those words that you can recognise with both sounds and meanings without special effort from your brain.23.Interactive model for teaching reading：

24.The transition device：The way to transfer information from one form to another is called a transition device.Some transition devices that are often used in teaching

reading are: pictures, drawings, maps, tables, tree diagrams, cyclic diagrams, pie charts, bar charts, flowcharts, chronological sequence, subtitles and notes.Most of the transition devices listed above make use of visual aids so that information in text form is visualized.The purpose of transition device:

?Focus attention on the main meaning of the text;

?Be able to simplify sophisticated input so that it becomes the basis for output;?Allow students to perform tasks while they are reading;

?Highlight the main structural organization of a text/part of a text, and show how the structure relates to meaning;

?Involve all the students in clearly defined reading tasks;

?Precede one step at a time;

?When a TD is completed, use it as a basis for further oral and/or written language practice.25.A communicative approach to writing：It acknowledges that mechanical writing activities do not by themselves motivate students.To motivate students, it is necessary to engage them in some act of communication.This means either writing for a specific recipient, or engaging in an act of creative writing where their work is intended to be read by other people, in other words, an intended audience.In short, students can be motivated by authentic writing tasks that have some communicative elements.26.The process approach to writing：creating a motivation to write, brainstorming, mapping, freewriting, outlining, drafting, editing, revising, proofreading, conferencing

第三篇：成人高考大專英語復習要點

成人高考（高中起點升專科）英語復習要點

2010年成人高考專科（高中起點升專科）英語復習范圍以2011版《全國各類成人高等學校招生統一考試教材（英語）》、《全國各類成人高等學校招生統一考試復習全真模擬試卷》為主，要認真學懂、學會這兩本資料中的重點知識，最好能買一本成人高考（高中起點升專科）的詞匯書，背誦、記憶一些單詞，這樣將會有效地提高英語成績。具體復習要點如下：

一、知識點

一、第一單元語音 P1－P8

二、第二單元語法

（一）詞法

1.P10－P131.2（可數名詞與不可數名詞）1.3（名詞的數）1.4（名詞的所有格）

2.P14－P172.1（不定冠詞的用法）2.2（定冠詞的用法）2.3（零冠詞）

3.P22－P273.4（不定代詞）

4.P35－P385.2（形容詞比較級和最高級的構成）5.3（形容詞比較級的用法）

5.4（形容詞最高級的用法）

5.P40－P426.2（副詞比較級和最高級的構成）6.3（副詞比較級的用法）（副詞最高級的用法）

6.P46Cmust 和 have to 的用法

7.P47－P48V.常用的短語動詞

8.P49－P677.2（動詞的時態）

9.P68－P727.3（被動語態）

10.P73－P767.4（虛擬語氣）

11.P76－P927.5（非謂語動詞）

（二）句法

1.P104－P1091.2（簡單句、并列句和復合句）2.1（簡單句的結構）2.2（陳述句）

2.P114－P115III（反義疑問句）IV（選擇疑問句）

3.P121－P1304.1（主語從句）4.3（賓語從句）4.4（同位語從句）4.5（定語從

句）

4.P139－P1436.（倒裝語序）7.（主謂一致）

二、專項練習

1.P144－P1661.語音2.詞匯與語法 3.完形填空4.閱讀理解 5.書面表達要求：必須深入理解各部分的解題指導所講述解題方法，做好相應的配套練習，要

能夠背誦書面表達的幾個作文的英文答案的關鍵句型（就是文章的開頭、每段的開頭、文章的結尾），尤其是里面的應用文格式必須熟記。

2.P167－P190 是書上所有練習的答案

3.P191－P193 不規則動詞的三種形式要求必須牢記

三、強化練習

1.P202－P218 所提供的樣題和2009年成人高考考試的真題必須認真做

2.保證每周做一套《全國各類成人高等學校招生統一考試復習全真模擬試卷》的8套模擬試卷

第四篇：2016年職稱英語復習要點

2016年職稱英語復習要點

一、語法詞匯

addict: v.使沉溺于(addict oneself to(= be addicted to)沉溺于，熱中于)

in addition/加上, 又, 另外;in addition to/加上, 除...外;

additional adj.附加的, 另外的;補充的

address n.收信(件)人的住址 v.對...講演或發表演說;(address a meeting 向大會致辭)

adequate adj.足夠的,恰當的,勝任的(be adequate for..勝任…)(adequate – enough –sufficient足夠的)

adjust v.調整;調節;使適應(adjust oneself to sth./ 使自己適應..)

admire v.贊美;贊賞;(admire sb.for sth./因…而欽佩某人)

admit v.讓...進入, 使獲得(某種地位或特權), 承認(事實、錯誤等)(admit sb.into the university/獲準入大學;admit sb.to hospital/把某人收治入院);

adopt v.采用, 采納(adopt –take采用)

adult n.成年人(adult –grown-up成年人)

advance v./n.提高(物價等), 增加(數量、價錢等), 提前, 加速, 撥快(時針)(in advance/ 預先)(advance-increase增加(數量、價錢等))

advantage n.優勢, 長處, 利益, 便利(take advantage of/ 利用，欺騙)(advantageacccept), 呈(態度, 姿態, 位置)(assume new duties/ 承擔新的職務;assume office/就職;assume responsibility/負責, 承擔責任);

assure v.保證(assume-ensure)，使安心，讓…放心(assure sb.of/that…/向某人保證…)

astonish v.使吃驚(astonish – surprise –shock)(be astonished at sth./對…感到驚訝);

astronaut n.宇航員

at prep.[位置，場所，地點，時間]在…時，在…中，在…方面，向，(表示速度，價格等)以(arrive at…/到達…;at my uncle's/在我叔父家;at the foot[top] of the mountain / 在山腳下[頂上];at the meeting/在會議上;at ten o'clock/ 在十點鐘;at(the age of)forty/在 40 歲的時候;at the beginning of the month/ 在月初;at Christmas/在圣誕節;aim at…/對準..;throw …at …/朝…扔…;be pleased at…/對…感到高興;be surprised [frightened] at …/聽到…而吃驚;at one's request/應某人的請求;at the rate/speed of …/以每小時..速度);

athlete: n.運動員

Atlantic adj.大西洋的;大西洋沿岸的(the Atlantic Ocean /大西洋);

atmosphere n.大氣, 空氣, 氣氛;

attack n./v.進攻, 疾病)侵襲，發作(a heart attack /心臟病發作);

attach v.貼上，系上，縛上(attach… to … 把…貼/系在…上面)

attempt n.(常與at, on, to連用)努力, 嘗試v.(常與to連用)企圖, 嘗試(attempt to do sth./make an attempt to do sth./試圖做…);

attend v.注意, 出席(at), 參加, 上(學, 教堂)(attend school /上學;attend a lecture /聽講課;attend(at)a wedding /出席婚禮;be attended by/ 由...陪同;由...照料);

attention n.注意, 關心, 關注, 注意力(pay attention to../注意..);

attitude n.態度, 看法, 意見(attitude to/towards…/對…的態度, take [assumed] an attitude of 取…態度);

attract vt.吸引(attract –appeal to), 誘惑(attract one?s attention/引起某人注意);

attractive adj.有吸引力的(attractive – appealing), 漂亮的(attractive – beautiful – pretty);

attribute vt.把...歸因于(to)..., n.屬性, 特質, 標志(attribute..to../ 把...歸因于);

audience n.聽眾, 觀眾, 讀者(a large audience/很多觀眾);

August n.八月(略作Aug);

aunt n.伯母, 嬸母, 舅母, 阿姨;

Australia n.澳大利亞，澳洲:

author n.作家, 著者(best author暢銷書作者;joint author/合著者);

authority n.權威, 權力, 權勢, [pl.]當局, 負責人;

automatic adj.自動的,機械的;

automobile n.汽車，小汽車;

autumn n.秋, 秋季(美國普通稱fall)(in autumn/在秋天;in(the)late autumn/在晚[深]秋);

available adj.可用到的, 可利用的, 有用的, 有空的;

average n.平均,平均水平,平均數 adj.通常的,平均的(above the average/在一般水平以上, 中上;below the average/在一般水平以下;on the [an] average/平均);

avoid v.避免;回避;(avoid –escape避免)

aware adj.[用作表語]知道的;意識到的(be aware of/知道, 意識到;be aware that.../發覺, 注意到);(conscious – aware意識到的)

away adv.離開, 遠離(Go away!/走開!;keep away from../與..保持距離;run away/逃掉;take sth.away/拿走;right away/立刻, 馬上;far away/在遠處);awful adj.可怕的, 極壞的(awful –terrible可怕的)

二、完形填空

Where Have All Our Visitors Gone?

Sixty years ago, a man named Kenneth Arnold saw something that people are still __1__ today-something that changed popular culture for ever.Flying his plane over mountains in the US state of Washington, he saw a line of strange objects, either crescent-shaped or disc-like, flying __2__ the motion of a saucer skimming on water.The media soon picked up on the story-the Flying Saucers were here1!Was the earth being __3__ by creatures from another planet? Soon，so many sightings were made that the US military began to __4__.It called these strange objects UFOs-Unidentified Flying Objects, and that is how they are __5__ today.Military investigations found no evidence of visitors from outer space.But that did not stop the true __6__.The military were __7__ up, they said.Or __8__ it was because the travelers from space were of such superior intelligence that they could hide from the most sophisticated military analysts.People have always seen strange lights in the sky.In the past these were explained in__9__ ways.In a world where religion was less influential and science fiction was popular, signs from god were replaced by visitors from other __10__.The date of the first UFO signings was also significant.In 1947, World War II had just ended and the __11__ war was just beginning.Humanity seemed locked in endless conflicts.Like generations before them, people looked __12__ the skies for help.But instead of seeking God, they looked for help from super-intelligent aliens with __13__ technology.Belief in UFOs became the first religion of science.However, even people who believe in UFOs are not quite sure why they visit the earth.The universe is a big place and it is __14__ to assume that there is life somewhere out there.It is possible that aliens have worked out how to travel through space.Yet some people report that they have been taken by aliens and have had experiments __15__ on them.Why would anyone travel across half the universe to conduct medical experiments on people living in small towns in the United States?

詞匯：

crescent n.月牙，月牙形物 saucer n.碟

skim v.飛速掠過 alien n.外星人

練習：

1.A)looking B)seeing C)seeking D)feeling

2.A)below B)underneath C)with D)under

3.A)ruled B)bombarded C)captured D)visited

4.A)investigate B)attack C)shoot D)confront

5.A)named B)called C)known D)dubbed

6.A)believers B)thinkers C)followers D)liars

7.A)hiding B)covering C)cheating D)tricking

8.A)definitely B)undoubtedly C)necessarily D)maybe

9.A)awkward B)crude C)religious D)foolish

10.A)planets B)continents C)countries.D)regions

11.A)cool B)star C)nuclear D)cold

12.A)above B)to C)at D)up

13.A)traditional B)backward C)classical D)advanced

14.A)unthinkable B)impossible C)reasonable D)insensible

15.A)performed B)carried C)brought D)taken 完型填空答題思路：

1.分析文章標題，了解文章主題，確認文章主題詞;

2.對比被選項，推測答案可能出自的范圍;

3.關注空格兩端結構，借助空格所在的局部搭配結構及搭配語意判斷答案;答案與解析：

1.分析文章主題：

Where(在哪里，什么地方)Have All Our Visitors(來賓，訪問者)Gone?

文章主題詞：visitors, go(去，變成，到達)

2.直接解題：

1.A)looking(看, 看起來，調查，神情，外表)B)seeing(看見, 了解, 領會)

C)seeking(尋找, 探索)D)feeling(摸, 感覺，感覺，激情)

Sixty years ago(以前), a man named(命名)Kenneth Arnold saw something that people are still(仍然，更，靜止的)__1__ today –something(某物/某事)that changed(改變)popular culture(大眾文化)for ever(永遠).1.B see和look這兩個詞詞義相關，因此首先重點關注。空格前面出現了動詞saw(see的過去時態)，因此 B是答案的可能性較大(提示1：上下文的用詞特點(上下文常常通過使用同一詞匯/近義詞/詞匯/反義詞形成上下文意義的銜接))。look是不及物動詞，而see 既可用作及物動詞也可用作不及物動詞。空格處的動詞是及物動詞，引導定語從句的連接詞充當從句中謂語動詞的賓語，因此B是答案。

考點：考察近義詞的辨析

2.A)below(在...下面)B)underneath(在...下面)

C)with(有，用，以，由于，贊成)D)under(在...之下，在...領導下，少于)

Flying(駕駛飛機，飛行，乘飛機)his plane(飛機)over mountains(山，山脈)in the US state of Washington(華盛頓州), he saw a line of(一隊，一行)strange(奇怪的，陌生的)objects(物體), either crescent(新月)-shaped or(或者...或者...)disc-like(像盤子形狀的), flying __2__ the motion(運動)of a saucer(碟子)skimming on(輕輕掠過)water

2.C 四個詞都是介詞。其中below、underneath和under是方位介詞，這三個介詞互為近義詞，因此彼此排除掉(提示2：備選項中出現的近義詞詞組通常是干擾項)，因此答案只能是with(with是方式介詞)。With所在的句子結構說“...以碟子飛速掠過水面的移動方式飛著”。

考點：常見介詞的基本用法。

3.A)ruled(規則，統治，規定，統治)B)bombarded(炮轟，轟擊)C)captured(捕獲，奪取)D)visited(拜訪，訪問)

The media(媒體)soon picked up on(詳細描述)the story(故事)-the Flying Saucers(飛碟)were here!Was the earth(地球)being __3__ by creatures(生物)from another planet(行星)?

3.D 選項D是文章主題詞(visitors)的家族詞匯，因此D可能是答案(提示3：文章主題詞/文章主題詞的近義詞/文章主題詞的家族詞匯可能是答案)。第三段的第一句話(Military(軍事的)investigations(調查)found(發現)no evidence(證據)of visitors(客人)from outer space(外層空間).)說“軍事調查并沒有發現能證明從外層空間來了客人的證據”，由此判斷空格處用visited上下文意義呼應。

考點：文章主題詞/上下文意義銜接詞

4.A)investigate(調查，研究)B)attack(攻擊，(疾病突然)發作)

C)shoot(射擊，拍攝)D)confront(使面對)

Soon(很快，不久)，so(如此，因此)many sightings(目睹事件，視力)were made that the US military(軍事的)began(開始)to __4__.4.A 空格處需要出現不及物動詞，因此首先排除D(及物動詞)。該句說“不久由于出現了這么多的目擊事件，以至于美國軍方開始...”, 根據該句句意判斷A(調查)出現在空格中最恰當。

考點：常見動詞的辨析/上下文意義銜接詞

5.A)named(命名, 任命，名字)B)called(呼吁，命名，打電話)

C)known(知道，了解，分辨，知名的)D)dubbed(配音，授予稱號，鼓聲)

It called these strange(奇怪的，陌生的)objects(物體，反對)UFOs(不明飛行物)-Unidentified Flying Objects, and that is how(怎樣，多么)they are __5__ today.5.C name和call是近義詞，都可以表示“命名”，因此在“命名”這個詞義上彼此排除掉，name雖然還有“任命，提名”這樣的詞義，但這樣的詞義放入空格中意義不通(空格所在的句子結構說“那就是現在它們(不明飛行物)怎樣被...的”)，因此A和B都不是答案。剩下的選項中選項C(了解)放入空格中意義通順(那就是不明飛行物怎樣被人們知道的)，因此答案為C。

考點：常見動詞的辨析

6.A)believers(信徒)B)thinkers(思想家)

C)followers(追隨者)D)liars(說謊者)

7.A)hiding(隱藏, 隱瞞)B)covering(覆蓋, 包括, 蓋子, 封面)

C)cheating(欺騙)D)tricking(欺騙，詭計，訣竅)

Military investigations(調查)found no evidence(證據)of visitors from outer space(外層空間).But that did not stop(停止，阻止，車站)the true(真正的，忠實的，真實的)__6__.The military(軍事的)were __7__ up, they said.6.A 空格所在的句子說“但是那(軍事調查沒有發現有外空來訪者的證據)不能阻止真正的...”由此可以看出，最合適的詞是believers。

考點：詞義相關詞的辨析/上下文之間的意義關系(轉折)

7.B 只有cover可以跟up搭配。因此選擇covering。Cover up是固定搭配，其含義為“掩蓋”。

考點：固定搭配結構(動詞短語)

補充相似短語結構：

go up上升, 增長

stand up站起來

set up 設立, 豎立, 創(紀錄)

take up 拿起, 開始從事, 占據

put up舉起, 抬起, 推舉

use up用完, 耗盡

drink up 喝光

8.A)definitely(明確地，肯定地)B)undoubtedly(毫無疑問地)

C)necessarily(必要地，必定地)D)maybe(可能)

Or(或者，否則，即)__8__ it was because(因為)the travelers(旅行者)from space(太空)were of such superior(出眾的，較高的)intelligence(智力)that they could hide from(躲避，避開)the most sophisticated(高度發展的，老練的)military analysts(分析家).8.D 備選項中A，B和C詞義接近：都可以表示“肯定地”，因此彼此排除掉，答案只能為D。其實空格所在句子的第一個詞是or(或者)，表示兩種情況都有可能，因此只有用maybe在語義上才是一致的。

考點：常見副詞的辨析。

9.A)awkward(笨拙的)B)crude(天然的，未加工的)

C)religious(宗教上的)D)foolish(愚蠢的)

People have always seen strange lights(燈，發光體, 光)in the sky(在天空中).In the past(在過去)these were explained(解釋)in__9__ ways.9.C 根據空格所在的局部結構“were explained in...ways/以...的方式被解釋”判斷B(天然的，未加工的)出現在空格中不合適。借助接下來的句子“In a world(世界)where religion(宗教)was less(較少地)influential(有影響力的)…”(在一個宗教的影響不如以前……的世界里)，判斷合適的選項是religious。

考點：上下文意義銜接詞

10.A)planets(行星)B)continents(大陸，陸地)

C)countries(國家，鄉村)D)regions(區域，領域)

In a world(世界)where religion(宗教)was less influential(有影響力的)and science fiction(科幻小說)was popular(流行的，受歡迎的), signs(標記，記號，跡象，示意)from god(上帝)were replaced by(被...替代)visitors from other __10__.10.A 本文的主題是講不明飛行物，也就是講來自外星球的人，因此合適的選擇是planets。

考點：文章主題。

11.A)cool(涼爽的，冷漠的，使冷，使鎮定)B)star(恒星，明星)C)nuclear(核子的，原子核的，中心的)D)cold(寒冷，感冒，寒冷的，不熱情的)

The date(日期，日子，約會)of the first(第一的，首先)UFO signings(跡象)was also(也，同樣地)significant(有意義的，重大的).In 1947, World War II(第2次世界大戰)had just ended(結束)and the __11__ war was just beginning.11.D 正確地回答這道題需要有一點世界知識。第二次世界大戰結束后冷戰開始，因此選擇cold是正確的。核戰爭(nuclear war)如果會發生的話，文明早就消失了。cold war是冷戰。

考點：固定搭配結構(名詞性的短語結構)

12.A)above(在...上方，在上面，上面的)B)to(向，往，到...為止，比，到(程度，范圍))

C)at(在，在...方面)D)up(向上，到(較高的地方)，向上，沿著)

Humanity(人類，仁慈)seemed locked in(被封閉在)endless(無窮無盡的)conflicts(斗爭，沖突).Like generations(一代人，產生)before them, people looked __12__ the skies for(為了)help(幫助).12.B look to是依賴。Look to...for...是指“為了...而指望...”。因此to是合適的選擇。相關的句子說的是：跟先輩們一樣，人們乞求老天來幫助他們。look at是“看”，Look up是“往上看，查尋 ”。look up是一個干擾項，look up在表示“往上看”時是不及物動詞性的短語結構。

look up 往上看

I am wondering(對...感到吃驚，想知道)why they are looking up.我想知道為什么他們都向上看。

Look up 表示“查詢”時，是及物動詞性的短語結構：

When you do not understand(理解)a word, you can look it up in this dictionary(字典).當你不懂一個單詞時，可以查這本詞典。

考點：固定搭配結構(動詞性的短語結構)

13.A)traditional(傳統的，慣例的)B)backward(向后(地)的，相反(地)的，落后(地)的)

C)classical(古典的)D)advanced(高級的，先進的)

But instead of(不是...)seeking(尋求)God(上帝), they looked for(尋找)help from super-intelligent(有超常智慧的)aliens(外國人，外星人，外國的，不同的)with __13__ technology(技術).Belief in(相信...的存在)UFOs became(變成，成為)the first(首要的，第一的)religion(宗教，信仰)of science.13.D 空格所在的局部結構說“aliens with...technology/有著...技術的外星人”，由此判斷D(先進的)是答案。

考點：常見形容詞的辨析(通過派生法而形成的形容詞)職稱英語教材

14.A)unthinkable(不能想象的，不可思議的)B)impossible(不可能的)

C)reasonable(合理的)D)insensible(無知覺的，難以察覺的)

However(然而), even(甚至，平均的，使平等)people who believe in(相信)UFOs are not quite sure(對...確信的，必定地)why they visit(訪問，參觀)the earth.The universe(宇宙)is a big(大的，重要的)place(地方)and it is __14__ to assume(假定，設想)that there is(有)life(生命)somewhere(在某處)out there(在那邊).14.C 與空格所在的句子并列的句子說：宇宙是一個很大的地方。從這句話可以推出，我們有理由假設在那兒有生命的存在。因此，選reasonable是對的。

考點：it句型

15.A)performed(做，表演，完成任務)B)carried(攜帶)

C)brought(帶來)D)taken(拿走,占領, 獲得, 接受)

It is possible(可能的)that aliens have worked out(設計出，計算出，可以解決)how to travel(旅行)through(穿過)space.Yet some people report(報告)that they have been taken by(被帶走)aliens and have had experiments(實驗，做實驗)__15__ on them.15.A 根據空格所在的局部結構“have had experiments...on them/使實驗在他們身上被...”判斷A(做)是答案。

考點：非謂語動詞結構/常見動詞的辨析

Why would anyone(任何人)travel across(越過)half(一半的，一半，部分地)the universe(宇宙)to conduct(做，管理)medical(醫學的)experiments on people living(生活，活的，起作用的)in small(小的)towns(城鎮)in the United States(美國)?

三、補全短文

A Heroic Woman

The whole of the United States cheered its latest hero,Ashley Smith,with the Federal Bureau of investigation saying it was planning to give a big reward to her for having a brave heart and wise mind.__(46)___.She was moving into her apartment in Atlanta, Georgia early on the morning of March 12,when a man followed her to her door and put a gun to her side.“I started walking to my door, and I felt really, really afraid,”she said in a TV interview last week.The man was Brian Nichols,33.He was suspected of killing three people at an Atlanta courthouse(法院)on March 11 and later of killing a federal agent.__(47)___.Nichols tied Smith up with tape, but released her after she repeatedly begged him not to take her life.“I told him if he hurt me, my little girl wouldn?t have a mummy,”she said.In order to calm the man down, she read to him from“The Purpose-Driven Life”,a best-selling religious book.He asked her to repeat a paragraph“about what you thought your purpose in life was-what talents were you given.”___(48)___.“I basically just talked to him and tried to gain his trust,” Smith said.Smith said she asked Nichols why he chose her.“He said he thought I was an angel sent from God, and we were Christian sister and brother,”she said.“And that he was lost, and that God led him to me to tell him that he had hurt a lot of people.”___(49)___.She said Nichols was surprised when she made him breakfast and that the two of them watched television coverage(報道)of the police hunt for him.“I cannot believe that?s me,”Nichols told the woman.Then, Nichols asked Smith what she thought he should do.She said,“I think you should turn yourself in.If you don?t, lots more people are going to get hurt.”

Eventually, he let her go.___(50)___.A US$60,000 reward had been posted for Nichols? capture.Authorities said they did not yet know if Smith would be eligible(有資格的)for that money.A The local police were searching for him.B Smith is a 26-year-old single mother with a daughter.C Smith tried very hard to kill Nichols.D She even cooked breakfast for the man before he allowed her to leave.E And the two of them discussed this topic.F Then she called the police.答案與解析：

1.分析文章標題：a heroic(英勇的)woman

2.分析被選項，注意被選項中的篇章詞匯：

A The local(當地的)police(警方)were searching for(搜查)him.B Smith is a 26-year-old single(單身的)mother with a daughter(女兒).C Smith tried very hard(努力地)to kill(殺死)Nichols.D She even(甚至)cooked breakfast(早餐)for the man before(在...之前)he allowed(允許)her to leave(離開).E And the two of them discussed(討論)this topic(話題，主題).F Then she called the police(警方).提示1：

被選項中的篇章詞匯必須要在空格前文中有呼應的內容(篇章)，這樣被選項才可能是空格處的答案;

提示2：

被選項中只要有兩處或兩處以上的詞語及結構與空格前后語句中的詞語與結構形成呼應(同一個單詞的反復再現，家族詞匯的呼應，近義詞/反義詞之間的呼應，主題相關詞的呼應)，則該被選項很可能就是答案;

3.直接解題：

A The local(當地的)police(警方)were searching for(搜查)him.B Smith is a 26-year-old single(單身的)mother with a daughter(女兒).C Smith tried very hard(努力地)to kill(殺死)Nichols.D She even(甚至)cooked breakfast(早餐)for the man before(在...之前)he allowed(允許)her to leave(離開).E And the two of them discussed(討論)this topic(話題，主題).F Then she called the police(警方).(B Smith is a 26-year-old single(單身的)mother with a daughter(女兒)).(C Smith tried very hard(努力地)to kill(殺死)Nichols.)

The whole of the United States cheered its latest hero, Ashley Smith, with the Federal Bureau of investigation saying it was planning to give a big reward to her for having a brave heart and wise mind.___(46)___.She was moving into her apartment(公寓)in Atlanta(亞特蘭大), Georgia(喬治亞州)early on the morning of March 12,when a man followed(跟隨，理解)her to her door and put a gun to her side(旁邊，側面，一方).“I started walking to my door, and I felt really, really afraid,”she said in a TV interview last week.The man was Brian Nichols,33.He was suspected of(被懷疑)killing(殺死)three people at an Atlanta(亞特蘭大)courthouse(法院)on March 11 and later(隨后，稍后)of killing a federal agent(聯邦警察).___(47)___.46.B.C中的Nichols在前文中沒有呼應的內容(姓名的全名)，因此判斷C不正確，B是答案。

47.A.A中的him與空格前句中的he呼應，而空格前句中的courthouse與A中的the police是主題相關詞，因此A很可能是答案。

B Smith is a 26-year-old single(單身的)mother with a daughter(女兒).C Smith tried very hard(努力地)to kill(殺死)Nichols.D She even(甚至)cooked breakfast(早餐)for the man before(在...之前)he allowed(允許)her to leave(離開).E And the two of them discussed this topic(話題，主題).F Then she called the police(警方).Nichols tied Smith up with tape, but released her after she repeatedly begged him not to take her life.“I told him if he hurt me, my little girl wouldn?t have a mummy,”she said.In order to calm the man down, she read to him from“The Purpose-Driven Life”,a best-selling religious book.He asked her to repeat(重復)a paragraph(段落)“about what you thought your purpose(目的)in life(人生)was-what talents(才華)were you given(給).” ___(48)___.48.E.空格前句中的he, her正好于選項E中的the two of them(他們兩個)呼應，空格前句中的paragraph與E中的topic構成主題相關詞。

B Smith is a 26-year-old single(單身的)mother with a daughter(女兒).C Smith tried very hard(努力地)to kill(殺死)Nichols.D She even(甚至)cooked breakfast(早餐)for the man before(在...之前)he allowed(允許)her to leave(離開).F Then she called the police(警方).“I basically just talked to him and tried to gain his trust,” Smith said.Smith said she asked Nichols why he chose her.“He said he thought I was an angel sent from God, and we were Christian sister and brother,”she said.“And that he was lost, and that God led him to me to tell him that he had hurt a lot of people.” __(49)___.She said Nichols was surprised(感到驚訝的)when she made him breakfast(早餐)and that the two of them watched(看，監視，看守)television(電視)coverage(報道)of the police hunt for(搜尋)him.“I cannot believe that?s me,”Nichols told the woman.Then, Nichols asked Smith what she thought he should do.She said,“I think you should turn yourself in.If you don?t, lots more people are going to get hurt.”

49.D.D 中的she與空格后句中的she呼應，D中的breakfast 與空格后句中的breakfast呼應。

B Smith is a 26-year-old single(單身的)mother with a daughter(女兒).C Smith tried very hard(努力地)to kill(殺死)Nichols.F Then she called the police(警方).Eventually(最后), he let her go.__(50)___.A US $60,000 reward(獎金)had been posted(宣布)for Nichols? capture(捕獲).Authorities(權威人士，權威機構)said they did not yet(還)know if Smith would be eligible(有資格的)for that money.50.F.空格前句與F在句意上自然銜接。

提示：

如果被選項中出現了標志事件發展順序的副詞(如：then, and, eventually, finally, in the end)，則該選項成為答案的可能性較大。

四、概括大意與完成句子

How did English Become a Global Language

1.The rise of English is a remarkable tale as Professor David Crystal reminds us in his attractive，short book “English has a Global language.”

2.It is certainly quite a theme.When Julius Caesar landed in Britain more than 2，000 years ago，English did not exist.Five hundred years later，English，virtually incomprehensible to modern ears，was probably spoken by about as few people as currently speak Cherokee，the language of a small North American Indian tribe-and with little influence.About 1，000 years later，at the end of the 16th century，and after the Norman Conquest，the Reformation and the arrival of commercial printing technology，English was the native speech of between 5 million and 7 million people.And yet now look at it.As the second millennium approaches，English is more widely scattered，more widely spoken and written than any other language has never been.In the title of the book，it has become a truly global language.According to David Crystal，about 2.09 billion people，well over one-third of the world s population are routinely exposed to it.3.As he rightly points out，what is impressive about this staggering figure is： “not so much the grand total but the speed with which expansion has taken place since the 1950 s.In 1950，the case for English as a world language would have been no more than plausible.Fifty years on and the case is virtually won.”

4.So what happened?

5.Someone once said that a language is a dialect with an army and a navy.In other words，when the British navy set out to conquer the world，is set out an “army” of English speakers.As the British empire spread throughout the world，English became the basis of law，commerce and education.The British empire was succeed by another(the American)，which shared virtually the same linguistic heritage.American English，which has become the rocket-fuel of the English language，has magically found its way into areas undreamed of 40，let alone 400 years ago.The most valuable part of Crystal s study is the section devoted to a speedy analysis of the cultural basis of this global reach，notably the influence of broadcasting，press，advertising，popular music and film.He is also up-to-date and informative in his identification of the World-Wide-Web as a powerful reinforcer of American cultural and linguistic dominance.7.One of his most interesting passages concerns the role played by the League of Nations，and later the Untied Nations，in spreading English as an international language in the aftermath of the two world wars.8.What does the future hold? To this question，Crystal proposes the recognition of a new form of English-WSSE(world standard Spoken English)-which almost by definition rules out the possibility that English would fragment into mutually unintelligible language as Latin once did.“English，in some shape or form，will find itself in the service of the world community forever，” Crystal writes.1.Paragraph 2____

2.Paragraph 3____

3.Paragraph 5____

4.Paragraph 6____

A The figure of English

B The speed of the spread of English

C The role played by culture and the net

D The role played by military expansion

E The role played by education

F The 2，000 years of English

5.The kind of English spoken 1，500 years ago was so different from the English we speak today____.6.What impresses people most is not the interesting number of speakers of English found all over the world，____ the language has spread in the past half century or so.7.The two international organizations founded after the two world wars made their contributions____.8.Crystal expresses the belief that in the future ____ will not happen to English.A because of their similarity

B that we would not be able to understand it at all

C to the popularization of English as a world language

D the trend to become a global language

E what once happened to Latin

F but the speed with which Keys： FBDCB FCE

五、閱讀判斷

Will Hillary Be the Next American President?

Back in 1969, US President Richard Nixon confidently predicted: “In the next 50 years, we shall see a woman president, perhaps sooner than you think.”

Today, not too far off Nixon?s deadline, America is looking at that possibility.Over the weekend, Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife of former president Bill Clinton, announced her run for 2008 presidency.US polls indicate that Americans feel comfortable with a female president.A New York Times survey found nearly all Americans saying they would vote for president if she were qualified.However, accepting the theoretical notion of a female leader is quite different from voting an actual woman.In fact, there is still widespread distrust of a woman in the top position.This is partly due to the biased thinking that women are weak on national security, though they might be strong on education and health care.This damages their prospects as a presidential contender.“There?s still an inherent nervousness on the part of voters putting a woman in as the ultimate decision-maker.Control of the army and border security are sorts of traditionally male jobs,”commented Amy Walter,an American campaign analyst.“That?s where I think voters consciously or unconsciously have difficulties with women candidates.”

Women have held the top job in other major Western countries.In 1979, Britain elected Margaret Thatcher prime minister.Last year, Germany made Angela Merkel its first female chancellor.In the US, no woman has succeeded in being nominated as a presidential candidate.One woman did make the attempt: Elizabeth Dole.In 1999,she tried to get the Republican Party nomination.But Dole could only raise $ 5 million for her bid-compared with the $ 56 million George W.Bush raised.So Barriers lie ahead for Hillary if she wants to make history by becoming the first female US president.With the Iraqi war underway, she?ll find it even harder.“I don?t feel that our society is ready for a woman president.The enemy we face does not respect females the same way we have come to see them as equals.If we were not in this war,I would support a woman president,”said Chris Dildy, a computer engineering student.1.Up to the present, no woman has been elected president in the US.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

2.Bill Clinton will strongly support Hillary to run for the 2008 presidency.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

3.American people will elect a woman president of the United States in 2008.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

4.One of Hillary?s campaign promises is to reform the nation?s health care system.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

5.Germans elected a woman chancellor last year.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

6.Hillary has already raised a large anount of campaign fund.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

7.Chris Dildy will vote for Hillary.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 答案與解析：

1.分析文章標題：Will Hillary(希拉里)Be the Next(下一個的)American President(總統)?

2.直接解題：

1.Up to the present(至今), no woman has been elected(曾經被選為)president(總統)in the US.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

1.A.問題句說“迄今為止在美國沒有一個女人曾經被選舉為總統”。關注文章開頭部分的句子，利用問題句中的細節信息詞women(女人)和up to the present作為答案線索，在文章中找到答案相關句：(第1段)Back(向后地)in 1969, US President Richard Nixon confidently(充滿自信地)predicted(預言): “In the next(下一個)50 years, we shall see(看見)a woman president(總統), perhaps(可能)sooner than you think.”該句說“1969年，美國總統Richard Nixon 很有信心地預測： ?在下一個50年里, 我們將會看見一個女總統，這或許比你想象的更快些?”。根據該句內容可以推斷出在1969年以前美國沒有出現過女總統，而人們期望從1969年到2019年期間美國會出現女總統。但根據該句內容無法判斷出從1969年到2019年期間美國是否出現了女總統，因此接著關注答案相關句周邊的句子。文章接下來的句子(第2段)說“Today,not too far(太遠)off(離開，距離)Nixon?s deadline(最終期限), America is looking at(正在關注)that possibility(可能性).”該句說“今天距離Nixon總統給出的最終期限已經不遠了，美國人現在正關注這可能性”。相鄰語句句意相關，顯然，定冠詞結構“the possibility”指答案相關句中提到的“可能出現美國女總統”。從該句中可以推斷出“從1969年到現在為止，美國還沒有出現女總統”。因此問題句提供了正確信息。

考點：指示代詞結構指代的內容(that possibility)+ 推斷能力

2.Bill Clinton will strongly(強有力地，堅固地)support(支持)Hillary to run for(競選)the 2008 presidency(任期，總統職位).A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

2.C.問題句說“Bill Clinton將強力支持Hillary參加2008年總統選舉”。該題為細節題。利用問題句中的特征詞Bill Clinton和2008 presidency 作為答案線索，在文章中查找到答案相關句：(第2段第2句)Over(在...期間)the weekend(周末), Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife(妻子)of former(以前的)president Bill Clinton, announced(宣布)her run for(競選)2008 presidency.該句只是提到Hillary是Bill Clinton的妻子，而文章的其部分沒有再提到Bill Clinton，由此判斷問題句的信息在文章中沒有被提到。

考點：細節信息的查找和確認

3.American(美國的)people will elect(選舉，選擇)a woman president of the United States in 2008.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

3.B.問題句說“美國人民在2008年將選一位女總統”。該題為細節題。利用問題句中的特征信息2008作為答案線索，在文章中找到答案相關句：(第2段第2句)Over the weekend, Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife of former president Bill Clinton, announced(宣布)her run for(競選)2008 presidency.該句只是提到Hillary宣布她要競選2008年的總統職位。顯然該句內容與問題句內容不相關，因此接著關注答案相關句周邊的句子。文章接下來的句子(第4段)說：However(然而), accepting(接受，認可)the theoretical(理論的)notion(概念，觀念)of a female(女性的)leader(領導者)is quite(十分，完全)different from(與...不同)voting(投票選舉)an actual(實際的，真正的)woman.In fact(實事上), there is(有)still(仍然)widespread(普遍的)distrust(不信任)of a woman in the top(頂部的;最高的)position(職位，位置).該句說“接受女總統這個概念不等同于同意投票選舉出一位女總統。事實上，人們仍然普遍不相信女人能勝任領袖的職位”。由此可見問題句提供的信息錯誤。

考點：推斷能力。

4.One of(...之一)Hillary?s campaign(競選運動)promises(承諾)is to reform(改革)the nation?s health care system(醫療保健制度).A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

4.C.問題句說“Hillary的一個競選承諾是改革國家的醫療制度。”該題為細節題。利用問題句中的細節信息health care system(醫療保健制度)作為答案線索，在文章中找到答案相關句(第5段第1句)：This is partly(部分地)due to(因為)the biased(偏見的)thinking(思想)that women are weak(軟弱的，虛弱的)on national security(國家安全), though(盡管)they might be strong(強大的)on education(教育)and health care(醫療保健).該句只是說“女人做教育和醫療方面的工作有優勢”，但沒有說Hillary的一個競選承諾式改革國家的醫療制度，因此問題句的信息在文章中沒有被提到。

考點：細節信息的查找和確認

5.Germans(德國人)elected(選擇)a woman chancellor(總理，大臣)last year(去年).A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

5.A.問題句說“德國去年選了一個女總理”，利用問題句中的特征詞Germans和細節信息詞woman chancellor作為答案線索，在文章中找到答案相關句：Last years, Germany made(使成為)Angela Merkel its first female chancellor.該句說“去年，德國選舉了Angela Merkel為德國第一位女總理”，因此問題句提供了正確信息。

考點：多義詞詞義的確認。

6.Hillary has already raised(已經募集了)a large amount of(大量的)campaign fund(資金).A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

6.C.問題句說“Hillary 已經籌集到了一大筆競選款”，利用問題句中的細節信息campaign fund(競選款)作為答案線索，結果發現該詞以及與改詞詞義相近的詞語均沒有在文章中出現，因此判斷問題句的信息在文章中沒有被提到。

考點：細節信息的查找和確認

7.Chris Dildy will vote for(投票支持)Hillary.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

7.B.問題句說“Chris Dildy 要投Hillary的票”。利用問題句中的特征詞Chris Dildy作為答案線索，在文章中找到答案相關句(文章最后一句)：“If we were not in this war, I would support(支持)a woman president”, said Chris Dildy, a computer(計算機)engineering(工程)student.該句說“如果我們沒有在打這場戰爭，我會支持選一位女總統”，虛擬語氣表示與事實相反，或事先可能性較小的假設。因此這句話得實際語義是“我們現在卷入了一場戰爭之中，因此我是不會支持女總統的”。由此可見問題句的說法不正確。

考點: 虛擬語氣。

六、閱讀理解

閱讀下面的短文。每篇短文的后面有五個問題，每個問題有四個備選答案。請根據短文的內容選擇最佳答案。每個試題計3分,共計15分

The Only Way Is Up

Think of a modem city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline.It is full of great buildings，pointing like fingers to heaven.It is true that some cities don?t permit buildings to go above a certain height.But these are cities concerned with the past.The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.When people gather together in cities，they create a demand for land.Since cities are places where money is made，that demand can be met.And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground.That means building upwards.The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century.But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor.They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs.People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work，or home.Elisha Otis，a US inventor，was the man who brought us the lift-or elevator，as he preferred to call it.However，most of the technology is very old.Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids.What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake，which stops the lift falling ifthe cords that hold it up are broken.It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention1.In fact，he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds，giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now.Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring.Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating.The reason is simple.Scientists have always studied animals in zoos.The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts2.“It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space3 we carry around with us-and you just can?t choose to move away，”says workplace psychologist，Gary Fitzgibbon.Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions，he says.Some people are scared of them.Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss.Some stand close to the door.Others hide in the comers.Most people try and shrink into the background.But some behave in a way that makes others notice them.There are a few people who just stand in a comer taking notes.Don?t worry about them.They fire probably from a university.詞匯：

skyline/5skaIlaIn/n.空中輪廓線 pulley/5pulI/n.滑輪fairground/5feE^raJnd/n.集市場地 bubble/5bQbl/n.幻想、妄想

tension/5tenFEn/n.緊張

練習：

1.“...these are cities concerned with the past”in the first paragraph refer to cities that

A)are worried about their past.B)have a glorious past to be proud of.C)want to maintain their traditional image.D)are very interested in their own history.2.The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in

A)the shortage of money.B)the lack ora device to carry people upward.C)backward technology.D)mountains taking up land space.3.When Otis came up with the idea of a lift，A)he sold it to the architects and builders immediately.B)the Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids.C)it was accepted favorably by the public.D)most people had doubt about its safety.4.Which of the tbllowing best describes the experience of going in a lift now?

A)Fascinating.B)Uninteresting.C)Frightening.D)Exciting.5.Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviour because

A)here humans behave the way animals do.B)people in a lift are all scared.C)here some people take notes.D)in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks.答案與題解：

1.C be concemed with是“關心、關注”的意思，顧可排除B和D兩個選項，根據前面一句話，these cities是指那些不允許建筑物超出一定高度的城市，即不愿意改變固有形象的城市。

2.B 本題答案的依據在第三段。文中說早在19世紀建造高樓的技術已經存在，限制樓高的因素只有一個，那就是人們下班回家后不想像爬山那樣去爬樓梯，說明當時還沒有找到把人往高處送的辦法。

3.D 答案在第四段，Otis發明的剎車使人們對這個新玩意兒增加了信心，他在游樂場里讓大家試乘了幾年才把這個想法出售給建筑師和營造商。

4.B 現在電梯已經十分普通，沒有人會覺得乘電梯是件好玩的事。

5.D 電梯的空間狹小，相對擁擠，人們想要享有私人空間的要求在這里成了幻想，就如同關在動物園的籠子里的動物一般，這為心理學家提供了一個研究在這種情況下人的行為的難得的機會。

更多內容請登陸天宇考王官網查看

第五篇：中考英語復習要點

中考英語復習要點

時間：2010-10-11 作者： 來源：

（一）聽力技能

1、目標

聽力測試是評價學生從有聲材料中獲取信息的能力。其評價目標為通過有關熟悉話題的對話或獨白（短文），根據語調和重音，理解說話者的意圖，并從中提取信息。

2、命題原則

聽力材料口語化，增加信息輸入量，試題以特殊問句方式給出，各選項一般為三個，問題印在試卷上。

（二）知識運用

知識運用部分又分為兩節：“語法和詞匯”和“完形填空”。

1、語法和詞匯

語法和詞匯，即單項填空，主要考查考生的語法知識和運用語法知識的能力，以及對詞語和詞語搭配、習慣用語等的正確理解能力。這部分試題覆蓋面廣，淡化了語法，突出了語言的實用性，試題重點突出，強調動詞用法能力的考查。從設計的角度看，這部分考查的重點不是語法結構和詞匯記憶，而是把語法和詞匯知識的測試放在適當的情景中，強調了語言知識的實際應用和交際功能。所以這里單純考查語法和詞匯知識的題數很少，大多數題目考查考生在特定語境中理解和運用語法、詞匯等基礎知識的能力。單項選擇題的命題技術

A、要科學、合理地設計考點。

B、試題設計要具有嚴密的科學性和嚴謹性。

C、除測試特殊語法現象外，每個選項放到題干里去時必須合乎語法。D、選項長度要適當、均衡。E、要保證試題的答案沒有爭議。F、題干越簡潔越好。

G、要考查學生根據情景（上下文）的判斷推理能力

2、完型填空

“完型填空”試題的命制，基本上遵循“突出語篇，強調應用，注重實際”的設計思路。試題特點鮮明-----“考查考生在閱讀理解的基礎上對詞匯知識的掌握情況”，即要求考生通讀短文，掌握文章大意，綜合運用所學的詞匯、語法等知識，從試題所提供的詞匯、短語中判斷出是短文意思通順、結構完整的詞匯或短語。因此，完型填空題需要考生不僅具備扎實的語言基礎知識功底，而且要有很強的語篇分析和理解能力。在語篇中考查語言知識的靈活運用能力，是中考英語試卷中最具挑戰性的項目，它有效地引領英語教學要重視語言運用能力的培養。正如新課程標準提出的“基礎教育階段英語課程的總體目標是培養學生綜合語言運用能力。”還提出：“詞匯教學更注重對詞匯所承載的深層含義的理解，也更注重表達的靈活性和恰當性。詞匯教學更重視語篇的支持，重視文化的影響，語法教學不能只局限在語法的范疇內，必須與邏輯思維聯系起來，與說話人的意識聯系起來，與篇章語境聯系起來，與題材、體裁聯系起來，與詞匯的用法聯系起來，與文化聯系起來。”“語法教學，應從語言運用的角度出發，把語言的形式、意義和用法有機地結合起來。要引導學生在語境中了解和掌握語法的表意功能。”完型填空題的考查導向明顯地體現了新一輪課程改革的精神，對英語教學和復習備考提出了新的挑戰，我們應該研究和嘗試新的教學策略，思考如何在語言知識課上“教師講得少，學生想得多”。完型填空題考查趨勢明顯地由局部理解向整體理解轉移：試題考查點減少了單句層次的試題，明顯增加了語篇理解的試題；設問角度突出考查對整、對上下文乃至全篇的理解。

1、考查點設置的三個層面

首先，“點”的層面。答題時只需考慮設空所在的句子的意思便可得出答案，屬于較易試題。科學的完型填空短文在空白設計時須易中難兼顧，大到整份試卷，具體到一篇短文的空白設計，應當考慮到效度、信度、難度和區分度。這就決定了15個空白的難易度不能一刀切，讓低水平的考生不沮喪，中等考生正常發揮，高水平的學生脫穎而出，這是選拔性考試的命題原則。

其次，“線”的層面。答題時需要弄清楚前后幾個句子甚至上下一兩段段意才能找出答案，屬于中等難度試題。例如：

最后，“面”的層面。考查考生對文章內容進行邏輯分析，推理判斷能力。在做”點”、“先、線”的基礎上才能做好面的題。答題時必須通觀全文，從整體角度考慮才能判斷出最佳答案，屬于較難試題。

概括起來講，完型填空題項靈活、全面地考查了學生對某一詞匯、短語、句子、段落在閱讀的基礎上理解，進而考查他們對全篇文章的掌握和理解情況。

2、完型填空試題設空與選項的特點

選材時代感強、思想健康，首句不設空，在布空方面以實詞為主，動詞、名詞為核心，形容詞副詞鋪墊，充分體現了語言知識運用的特征。試題一般做到如下方面：

1）素材難度控制方面適合初中畢業生水平；

2）原則上長度界定在150－200個詞左右，即小題數的10倍這一較為理想的文長； 3）15小題覆蓋面盡可能大；

4）回避正確選項在文章其他地方出現，沒有無原則送分現象； 5）三個干擾項只對正確答案起干擾作用，它們之間互不干擾； 6）做到答案的唯一性;7）布空均衡;8）考查目的明確,立足語篇理解.3、建議

首先,明確試題考查要求,提高復習備考的針對性和實效性.根據完型填空題的考查特點,我們可以把該試題的考查要求概括為16個字：“信息常識,上下呼應,搭配遣詞,邏輯貫通”,其考查核心可以說是考查考生的復寫能力。在此技能基礎上進而逐步形成書面表達時的行文邏輯、遣詞造句能力的提高。因此，考生必須運用寫文章的常識，解答完型填空試題：要使文章結構嚴謹，必須要上下文互相呼應。必須把握住“文中無閑句，句中無閑字”這一原則。每選一個選項都要考慮到選項所在的句子與上下問有無必然的聯系，切不可由于錯選而使選項所在的句子成為與上下文毫無聯系的閑句。詞匯方面注意根據語境進行遣詞造句能力的提高，對文章理解應能做到上下融會貫通，因為這是完型填空的考查重點之一。文章中若有上文的因為，下文必有所以；上文若有其然，下文必有其所以然。閱讀短文需要考生從字里行間中仔細揣摩，在復寫的過程中只有同原文作者的寫作意圖相吻合，才能摸索出因為與所以，或其所然與其所以然之間的脈絡。所以要時時注意突出一個“思”字，例如可以加大無詞填空訓練-----提高語篇意識、探究意識。

其次，通過語言實踐，夯實語言基礎知識。詞匯知識的訓練突出一個“用”字，在使用中熟練掌握常用詞匯。尤其要加大對一詞多義、易混詞匯的練習和運用，通過復習提高靈活運用詞匯的能力。第三，朗誦、欣賞佳作佳篇，增強語感。完型填空試題的短文難度低于閱讀理解試題的短文，并且短文原汁原味，內容貼近生活，讀來郎朗上口。如果能細細咀嚼，我們不僅能從中欣賞和感悟到優美的語言，而且也能習得地道的英語。

（三）閱讀理解 語言是交流思想的工具，而閱讀是獲得較綜合、復雜、深刻信息的重要途徑。閱讀理解更體現了中考著重考查學生實際運用語言的能力，特別是閱讀能力的傾向。閱讀理解是語言學習的基礎，比如對聽力選項的理解、單項選擇題干的分析、改錯題項整段文章的把握，都需要借助閱讀能力來完成。

1、閱讀理解能力測試要點

閱讀理解部分著重考查考生對有關日常生活話題文章的理解能力，通常內容包括幾個重要的閱讀微技能：領悟文章的主旨；理解文章的具體細節；根據上下文推測生詞詞義；作出簡單的判斷和推理；理解文章的脈絡結構；揣測作者的意圖和態度等。閱讀理解測試的目的是考查學生通過閱讀獲取信息的能力。

2、閱讀理解選材

文章語言地道、內容清楚、結構緊湊。短文使用的詞匯符合初中畢業生的認知程度，文章長短適宜，絕大部分考生能在規定的時間內完成閱讀、理解、作答。

體裁多樣化，包括議論文、記敘文、說明文、應用文、表格、廣告等。

題材豐富，涉及科普、社會、文化、政治、經濟、人物介紹等。材料真實貼近生活、貼近現實。語言生動規范，描寫具體，推理嚴謹。

文章后設問形式兩種：一種是采用問答或填空形式，被選答案是四個，其中只有一個是最合適的；另一種是根據短文內容，回答問題。

關于語言文章的使用，具有以下幾個特點：

首先，遵循《大綱》或《課程標準》的規定，所用詞匯絕大部分是中考詞匯表所規定的單詞，初三年級要求學會使用1200-1300個的單詞和200-300個習慣用語或固定搭配；五級要求學會使用1500-1600個的單詞和200-300個習慣用語或固定搭配；

其次，各卷都有少量詞匯表外的生詞出現，但它們基本可以從上下文的語境中猜出大概意義。有的不知其意，也不影響對全文的理解。

再次，有的所謂生詞是利用構詞法演變而成的，實際上是舊詞。這類次有逐年增多的趨勢。最后，文章使用的句式，基本上是常用的句型，其復雜程度和初中現行教材基本一致。

3、啟示

如何提高學生的閱讀理解能力

提高閱讀能力的辦法是指導學生不斷地閱讀。要注意把精讀和泛讀結合起來，日日堅持，持之以恒，肯定會有所作為。

所謂精讀，就是仔細地一句一句，甚至一個詞一個詞地讀。弄清每一句的意思和結構，理解每一句的用法。必要時，要查詞典，要請教別人，要反復看，甚至徹底弄明白為止。將較難的英文譯成中文，是檢驗是否真正理解的一個好辦法。男局的判斷標準不完全取決于生詞的多與少，較長的句子，雖然沒有生詞，但是學生們未能理解到位。原因在于精讀不精，泛讀量少，沒有對長句子引起足夠的重視。

對于泛讀，好多人不太重視。其實泛讀對增強語感、增加語言使用經驗，好處極大。不會泛讀的人，其實不叫會閱讀。所謂泛讀，就是泛泛一讀，盡量不查辭典，不分析結構，也不必字字必看。大概地讀，能明白文章基本意思即可。這種閱讀把主要注意力集中在故事內容上，它會對語言的學習產生意想不到的好處。泛讀的東西很多，如書店中的各種簡易讀物、雙語報、英語學習輔導報等。只要你想看，你會找到無盡的資源。如學生買不起，可以一人買一本，然后匯集在班上，這樣學生可以交換閱讀。

（四）寫的技能 書面表達

英語試卷考查被試者的兩種功能，語言輸入功能和語言輸出功能。聽與讀是知識的輸入功能，說和寫是知識的輸出功能。聽、讀已在試卷中占有很大的權重。目前，說，即口試還無法進行大規模的操作，寫-----書面表達的檢測作用就凸顯出來了。書面表達一直作為中考英語學科試卷的主觀測試題之一，主要基于英語作文這種測試題型能達到考查學生的英語語言綜合運用能力的大部分要求。它通過限時的簡單寫作來考查學生是否能夠運用學過的英語知識和掌握的技能進行思想交流，學生的寫作水平能否達到中學英語教學大綱和課程標準所規定的寫作要求。1）書面表達的特點

緊扣教學大綱或課程標準對考生書面表達的要求；以有指導的寫作為主，便于考生在短時間內構思成文；突出試題的交際性，考查學生在特定的情景中運用語言的能力；增強試題的使用性，所選話題貼近學生學習生活，為學生所熟悉；易于表達，學生有話可寫并且能夠寫；要求考生能夠發表自己的觀點和感想，留給學生足夠的寫作空間。2）開放題的命題技術

A、所提供的信息要清楚、準確，要保證所有的學生都能理解。

B、書面表達要考查的是學生的語言表達能力。少糾纏錯誤，注重表達的意義和流暢性。3）命題原則

A、測試任務的設定要適合學生的實際水平。如初級水平的學生可要求寫短信、填表格等，高級水平的學生可要求寫報告等。

B、提供交際情景。此類情景有三個因素：寫作目的、假定的作者和假定的讀者。

C、強調試題的真實性。真實性指題目設計是否與現實生活中的語言運用相似。真實性是語言試題質量優劣的重要標志，與考試的效度緊密相關。真實性較強的語言試題一般效度也高，反之亦然。例如，要求一個中國學生用英語給不懂英語的父母寫信就缺乏真實性。中考英語書面表達題對真實性有明確要求，試題的情景和要求“必須符合實際”。這里所說的真實性是指考生將來有可能身臨類似的英語運用環境。

D、控制答題內容。書面表達題不是自由作文，考生不能自主決定內容和自由發揮。書面表達題通常用圖畫、圖表或文字提供內容，考生答題時必須結合交際情景決定短文的主旨大意和主要細節；脫離了題目要求的基本內容，語言寫得再好也不可能得高分。4）應對策略

A、立足課內，從說開始

初中英語的書面表達其實就是口頭表達，即把要說的話用筆寫下來。課堂是大部分學生練習說英語的主陣地，因此，立足課內，抓住每一個機會，盡可能開口多說英語是根本。B、延伸課外，背、寫、評跟上 開啟“詞句百寶箱”

把有代表性的文章記憶背誦，加強語感；把平時閱讀中看到的一些經典的詞句、名言、格言“儲存”起來，時常誦讀。作文時能活學活用，是書面表達錦上添花。定格“生活小鏡頭”

養成寫日記的好習慣，把生活中看到的、聽到的、想到的記錄下來，也許就是以后書面表達時的很好的素材。

多管齊下，評價互動

學生自主評價、學生互評、教師再評相結合，形成開放式的評價體系，在反思、交流和老師的指導中體驗到寫作的樂趣