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湖北省四校(宜昌一中荊州中學龍泉中學襄陽四中)

時間:2019-05-15 16:21:57下載本文作者:會員上傳
簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關的《湖北省四校(宜昌一中荊州中學龍泉中學襄陽四中)》,但愿對你工作學習有幫助,當然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《湖北省四校(宜昌一中荊州中學龍泉中學襄陽四中)》。

第一篇:湖北省四校(宜昌一中荊州中學龍泉中學襄陽四中)

【題文】2014年1月19日,中央一號文件《關于全面深化農村改革加快推進農業現代化的若干意見》正式公布。這是中央一號文件連續第11年聚焦“三農”。黨和政府高度重視解決“三農”問題的政治意義在于()

A.鞏固工人階級的領導地位,從而鞏固我國的國家政權

B.鞏固工農聯盟,從而鞏固我國的國家政權

C.統籌城鄉發展,縮小城鄉差距

D.發揮人民民主專政的特點和優點

【答案】B

【解析】

【標題】湖北省四校(宜昌一中 荊州中學 龍泉中學 襄陽四中)2013-2014學年高一下學期期中聯考 政治試題

【結束】

第二篇:湖北省襄陽四中、龍泉中學、宜昌一中、荊州中學2015屆高二下學期期中四校聯考歷史試題

湖北省

襄陽四中

荊州中學

宜昌一中

龍泉中學

四校

2014~2015學下學期期中聯考

命題人:襄陽四中 施紅軍 李厚剛 審題人: 龍泉中學 孔蘋莉 本試題卷共6頁,二大題28小題。全卷滿分100分。考試用時90分鐘。

高 二

歷 史

★ 祝考試順利 ★

注意事項:

1.答卷前,考生務必將自己的姓名、班級、準考證號填寫在答題卡上,并將準考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。

2.選擇題的作答:每小題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其它答案標號。答在試題卷、草稿紙上無效。

3.非選擇題的作答:用黑色墨水簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應的答題區域內。答在試題卷、草稿紙上無效。

4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔。考試結束后,請將答題卡上交。

第Ⅰ卷(選擇題,共50分)

一、選擇題(本大題共25小題,每題2分,共50分,在每題給出的四個選項中,只有一項符合要求)

1、商代甲骨卜辭中,有大量“受禾”、“求年”、“有足雨”的內容。這反映了當時()A.農業生產與氣候的關系

B.農業的收成與祭祀活動密切相關 C.巫師是農業生產的重要組織者

D.農業經濟在卜辭中地位重要

2、春秋時代的車戰,有時彼此都以競技的方式看待,布陣有一定的程序,交戰也有公認的原則。諸侯國之間相滅的只占少數,姬姓國相滅的更是少數。到戰國時期,七雄中一半已各有“帶甲百萬”以上,征戰以占奪土地、殘殺敵人為常例。材料中的這種現象最能反映()A.戰國時期各國矛盾更為尖銳、戰爭頻繁 B.戰國時期戰爭形態已經發生了顯著變化 C.春秋時期分封制已經開始逐步地走向崩潰 D.春秋戰國時期禮樂制度逐漸遭到破壞

3、春秋戰國時期諸子百家相互詰難、批駁。甲學派代表人物在批評乙學派時曾提出“……是無君也;……是無父也。無父無君,是禽獸也。”據此,下列主張屬于甲學派的是()A.“世易則時移,時移則備變。”

B.“天下兼相愛則治,相惡則亂。”

C.“老吾老以及人之老,幼吾幼以及人之幼。”

D.“失道而后德,失德而后仁,失仁而后義,失義而后禮。”

4、古人寫字用黃紙,寫錯了就用黃色的礦物顏料“雌黃”涂抹后重寫。北齊顏之推《顏氏家訓?書證》篇有“以雌黃改?宵?為?肎?”的記載。后人把那些不問事實,妄論一番,輕易下結論,稱之為“信口雌黃”、“口中雌黃”。這一現象說明()A.印刷術的發明促進了文化的傳播 B.古人經常寫錯別字 C.紙的應用推動了文化的發展

D.古代科學與技術之間開始走向結合

5、錢泳在《履園叢話》中說:“俗語云:“?百年田地轉三家?,言百年之內,興廢無常,必有轉售其田至于三家也。今則不然,……十年之間,已易數主。”這種現象產生的根源是()A.政府“不抑兼并”

B.生產力的發展 C.國家的賦稅制度

D.地主階級掌握封建政權

6、曾有人對理學代表人物程頤吟詩曰:“夢魂慣得無拘束,又踏楊花謝娘橋。”程頤變色說:“鬼語,鬼語。”這說明程頤()A.維護封建倫理綱常 B.荒淫無度 C.對鬼神存敬畏心理

D.對自由生活的渴望

7、明代任用高級官吏,凡由在朝大臣推薦,經皇帝批準任用的,稱“廷推”。明孝宗曾任命徐恪為南京工部右侍郎,“(徐)恪上疏曰,?大臣進用,宜出廷推,未聞有傳奉得者。臣生平不敢由他途進,請賜罷黜?。”從中可以得出的結論是()A.明朝專制主義制度空前強化

B.明朝皇帝喪失了對官員的任免權 C.徐恪淡泊名利,無意為官

D.明朝政治制度對皇權形成一定制約

8、明后期,某地佃戶將收獲的好米換取銀錢自用,劣質米交租,豐收之年也聲稱歉收,拖欠地租“漸以成風”,官府勒令田主完糧納稅,“于是稱貸(借高利貸)完官而田主病”。出現這種現象的主要原因是()A.商業的發展沖擊農業

B.佃戶人身依附關系弱化 C.賦役征銀所致

D.封建剝削沉重

9、清前期《望江南百調》唱道:“揚州好,僑寓半官場,購買園亭賓亦主,經營鹽、典仕而商,富貴不歸鄉。”材料反映了()A.仕商身份界限完全打破

B.政府摒棄傳統抑商政策 C.地方商業均由官員經營

D.人們思想觀念的轉變 10、1882年9月《申報》記載:“即如公司一端,人見輪船招商與開平礦務獲利無算,于是風氣大開,群情若騖,期年之內效法者十數起。每一新公司出,千百人爭購之,以得票為幸”。這種現象說明了()

A.近代民族工業經營方式的轉變 B.政府經濟政策發生重大變化 C.社會各界支持集股籌資企業 D.國人缺乏理性精神

11、“作為這場革命指導理論的康有為政治思想也是以儒家教義為主導的封建文化中的一部分,只不過這一部分孕育了一定程度上的反叛精神”。“反叛精神”主要表現在()A.否定君主制

B.將維新思想付諸實踐 C.借助儒學宣揚革命理論

D.要求建立資本主義政治制度

12、《女學報?做學生的快樂》(1903年)登載:“現在上海幾個女學堂的女學生,一個個神清氣爽、磊落大方……身體沒有一點彎曲,好似春天的修竹一樣細直……比那種涂脂抹粉、一步三扭的小腳伶仃的樣子,真是天地了。”這表明當時上海()A.生活水平有所提高 B.生活習俗發生了變化 C.人們的審美觀向西方看齊

D.婦女政治地位的提高 13、1928年5月10日《大公報》刊登了明星啤酒公司的廣告:“國貨啤酒,商標馬棋,中西醫士,迭經化驗,眾口一詞,衛生妙劑,功能殺菌,開胃健脾。”結合時代背景,對以上文字認識正確的有()

①國民經濟建設運動的促進 ②說明西方文明的傳入,推動了中國人飲食的變化 ③時值民族工業的春天,中國企業以廣告的形式擴大銷路 ④群眾性反帝愛國運動的推動 A.①②④ B.②③④ C.①③④ D.①②

14、土地革命時期,南京國民政府承認由農民組織的農會代替劣紳所包辦的農會,并設置了一些研究和推廣農業技術的機構,還設立農村復興委員會以復興農村。由此不能說明的是()

A.國民政府開始為對抗日本侵略做準備 B.與中國共產黨的土地革命政策相抗衡 C.南京國民政府的階級本質發生了轉變 D.國民政府貫徹孫中山的民生主義思想

15、抗戰時期,美軍駐延安觀察組發回美國的報告提到,“就建立一個聯合政府而言,共產黨人是愿意合作的。但是一味支持中央政府和蔣介石,而把共產黨人排除在外,將會促進不統一,而且后果將會是悲慘的”。從這則材料可以得出()

A.美國已經放棄了支持國民政府的政策 B.美國決定支持中國共產黨奪取政權 C.美國已經部分預見到戰后中國的政局 D.美國決定幫助國民黨奪取政權 16、20世紀50年代初,毛澤東曾告誡全黨:“治國就是治吏。禮儀廉恥,國之四維。四維不張,國將不國。如果一個個都寡廉鮮恥,貪污無度,胡作非為,國家還沒有辦法治他們,那么天下一定大亂”。毛澤東在當時說這句話的目的在于()A.懲治干部貪污腐敗,恢復國民經濟 B.提高干部素質,推行政治體制改革 C.加強干部思想道德建設,提高治國水平D.加強干部廉政建設,鞏固新生政權 17、1964年1月,中法兩國正式建交,在全世界引起巨大反響,被形容為“在一塊密不透風的鐵板上撕開了一道裂縫”。下列有關中法建交背景的分析,不正確的是()A.中美、中蘇關系處于緊張狀態 C.西歐走向聯合,歐共體成立

B.中、法推行獨立自主外交政策 D.美國在西方聯盟中實行霸權統治

18、下圖為我國某地城鄉居民年人均收入表,圖中的城鄉差距擴大的原因包括()

①社會主義市場經濟體制目標的建立 ③城市經濟體制改革的推行 A.①② B.②③

②國有企業的活力增強 ④家庭聯產承包責任制的推行

C.③④ D.②④

19、中西方文化有很多相近之處,下列西方名言在內涵上與中國“日勤三省,夜惕四知”一詞最為接近的是()A.“美德即知識”

C.“人是萬物的尺度”

B.“德行的實現是由行為,不是由文字” D.“認識你自己”

20、英國著名歷史學家屈維廉在他的專著《1688—1689年的英國革命》一書中,特別強調奧蘭治(即荷蘭)的威廉入侵英國的重要性。它是“歐洲所有的新教各族人民共同匯合在一起來幫助拯救英國,并成為英國歷史上決定性的轉折點”。“轉折點”在此主要是指()A.王權結束

B.責任內閣制形成

D.國家權力的重心由國王轉移至議會 C.國王與議會之間形成了制衡關系

21、美國總統一般稱為Mr.President(總統先生),美國獨立戰爭后,副總統兼參議院議長約翰·亞當斯最初提出的頭銜是“最仁慈的殿下”、“強有力的閣下”等稱呼,最后眾議院通過決議,只稱呼華盛頓為總統先生,這個稱呼后來一直沿用至今。對材料理解最佳的是()

A.美國中央政府的制約與平衡 C.總統權力較大

B.總統的權力受到國會制約 D.強調民主制度的公民意識 22、1925年,美國田納西州的中學教師斯科普斯因在課堂上講授達爾文進化論而被判有罪。該州還立法禁止教師傳授任何有違背圣經上帝造人教導的學說。此法在該州一直適用到1967年。據此可知()

A.美國傳統的宗教信仰受到沖擊 C.1967年后美國開始接受進化論

B.田納西州的立法行為違反了美國憲法 D.斯科普斯言論造成了美國宗教信仰的缺失

23、下框內所敘內容為某美術流派具有的一些特征。下列作品中屬于該流派的是()

A.《伏爾加河上的纖夫》 C.《日出·印象》

B.《格爾尼卡》 D.《自由引導人民》

24、馬克思、恩格斯評價某理論時說:“他們總還夢想著用實驗的方法實現自己的社會烏托邦,為了建造所有這些空中樓閣,他們不得不求助于資產階級心靈與錢袋的仁慈。”在此基礎上,馬克思、恩格斯的進步性體現在()A.揭露了資本家剝削工人的秘密

C.闡明了社會發展的客觀規律

B.創立了無產階級專政的學說 D.創立了辯證唯物主義的理論

25、“歷史發展的邏輯可能是極具諷刺意味的:一方面,美國無法放棄借助蘇聯解體的歷史契機圖謀世界霸權的野心;另一方面,美國越是想稱霸,越是無法實現稱霸的夢想,美國稱霸的結果只會加速與其它世界強國實現世界權力均衡的進程。”該材料最能表明()A.美國與世界各強國之間勢均力敵 B.美國試圖堅持霸權政策 C.兩極格局結束,單極世界形成

D.世界格局多極化趨勢不斷加強 第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題,共50分)

二、非選擇題(本大題共3題。第26題23分,第27題12分,第28題15分,共50分)26.(23分)閱讀下列材料,回答問題。

材料一 建國初期(1952年底)的中小學語文教材關于戰爭的文章非常多,如《冀中的地道斗爭》、《抗美援朝》、《烏龍山剿匪記》等。也有歌頌新生共和國欣欣向榮景象的,如《新中國的第一個女拖拉機手》。另外課本還大量選用了蘇聯文學作品,如契訶夫的《小公務員之死》和高爾基的《海燕》等。

材料二 人民教育出版社1958年秋編輯出版的初中語文課本中,和魯迅同時期的名家幾乎集體消失……語文教科書幾乎成了時事宣傳手冊。……根據有關研究者提供的材料,當時浙江省初中三冊語文課本收錄的31篇文章中,馬列經典著作和政論文章占15篇,其余16篇記敘文中,有13篇是鄉土教材,其中有6篇是報道農業生產大躍進、農村水利大發展的,有2篇是表揚鋼鐵產量的突破,有4篇是進行革命傳統教育和憶苦思甜教育的。

材料三 2004年,廣東教育出版社編寫的語文新教材中特設了“走近經濟”單元,收錄了經濟學家王則柯的《錢》、茅于軾的《市場經濟中新的道德和法治》等文章。一些語文老師注意到,在新世紀的語文課本中,“愛情”這一曾經諱莫如深的字眼也不再那么敏感。……一些學者認為,愛情題材進入中學語文教材,是“為當前教育補充了情感與人文的元素”。在外國作品的選編方面,新世紀的中小學語文課本視野更加開闊、包容。……根據研究者的統計,在人教版和北師大版小學語文教材中,有關外國選文分別有92篇 和89篇,占所有課文的20%和16.8%,內容涉及科學、人文、自然、風物等各個方面,“表現出了較為廣闊的文化視野”。而且,選文所涉及的國家以西方發達國家為主。

——以上均選自中國新聞網《六十年語文書變遷》

請回答:

(1)根據材料一并結合所學知識,從政治、經濟、外交方面分析該時期所編寫的中小學語文教材產生的背景。(6分)

(2)根據材料二,概括1958年浙江省初中語文教材內容的特點(4分),并結合所學知識分析產生這種特點的背景(6分)。

(3)根據材料三,概括21世紀以來語文教材內容出現的新變化。(3分)(4)根據上述材料,談談你從中小學語文教科書的編寫中得到的啟示。(4分)

27、(12分)閱讀下列材料,回答問題。

天下觀念是古代中國人觀察世界的重要視角……鴉片戰爭后西方世界的突兀出現對中國優勢地位形成了挑戰……隨著洋務運動的開展和人們對西方了解日益增多,“春秋戰國說”開始取代“中國中心觀”成為國人認識世界的有效話語通道……如王韜認為西方各國“幾有與中國鼎立之勢,而有似春秋戰國時之列國”。彭玉麟指出:“當今日之時勢,強鄰日逼,儼然成戰國之局,雖孔孟復生,亦不能不因時而變矣。”中國人向有以史鑒今的傳統,西方資本主義各國爭雄世界的形勢,自然使得中國人想到了春秋戰國。王爾敏解釋道:“將19世紀世界和春秋戰國比較,乃反映一種新的國際意識,自然地放下中國中心觀念,以古史的鏡子,重新思考中國所面對的新世界。……從這種歷史比較,以至于古代邦交經驗的參考引用,卻正是由中國中心的國際觀念轉變為對等國際觀念的一個天然的有效通道。”……甲午戰爭、庚子一役將中國僅存的一絲文化優越感沖刷殆盡,人們徹底從“中國中心觀”中醒來,試圖用西方政治學說認識世界。

——任云仙《晚清中國國際秩序觀念的變遷》

根據材料并結合所學知識,如何認識材料中提到的“春秋戰國說”開始取代“中國中心觀”。

28、(15分)歷史上重大改革回眸

在中世紀的英國,宮廷和政府之間沒有明確界限,官員主要由國王遴選,并被視為國王的仆人。資產階級革命爆發后,文官開始出現。光榮革命后,國王和權貴行使有封建特權色彩的官職恩賜權來任用官員。直至18世紀末,文官錄用仍無常規可據,文官錄用權主要由國王、宮廷權貴和各部長官直接行使,私人關系和個人感情成為獲取官職的關鍵因素。

工業革命催生英國近代文官制度。1853年政府有關部門提出《關于建立常任英國文官制度的報告》,建議實行公開競爭考試錄用制,并認為考試科目應有四類:古典文學;數學和自然科學;政治經濟學、法學和近現代哲學;現代語言、近現代史和國際法。1855年文官改革令是以擇優取士的方式取代官職恩賜制的重要起點。1870年樞密院關于文官制改革的命令規定,多數重要文官職位必須按照文官制度委員會的要求,通過公開競爭考試,擇優錄用。該令的頒布成為英國近代文官制度建立的標志。

——摘編自閣照祥《英國政治制度史》等

閱讀材料,回答下列問題:

(1)根據材料并結合所學知識,概括英國文官制度改革的背景。(6分)

(2)根據材料,概括文官制度改革后英國官員選用的特點,并分析英國近代文官制度在推動社會進步方面的作用。(9分)2014~2015學下學期期中聯考

高二歷史參考答案

1-25 DDCCB ADCDA

DBACC

DCBDD DABBD

26、(1)政治:新民主主義革命的勝利;新中國成立;鞏固政權的斗爭。(2分,任答一點即可)

經濟:恢復和發展國民經濟;農業生產互助合作運動。(2分,任答一點即可)

外交:實行“一邊倒”的外交方針,與蘇聯建立外交關系。(2分)

(2)特點:取消了優秀的文學作品;時事政治方面的文章比較多;鄉土教材的比重大;報道經濟建設成就;加強革命傳統教育和吃苦精神的教育。(4分,每點1分,任答四點即可)

背景:社會主義建設大規模開展(探索建設社會主義建設道路);一五計劃;“大躍進”和人民公社化運動;上山下鄉運動。(6分,任答三點即可)

(3)增加經濟類型的文學作品;愛情題材進入語文教材;選編外國文學作品以西方發達國家為主;注重科學,關注自然;注重培養學生對人文精神、愛以及美好事物的追求。(3分,每點1分,任答三點即可)(4)啟示:教材(語文課本)是一定時期政治、經濟、思想文化的反映;從教材中我們能讀到時代的變化;從教材中也能感受到社會的發展;教材的編寫應適合學生的成長需要。(答兩點即可得4分,言之有理即可得分)

27、背景:西方殖民者的入侵;中西文化的交流;洋務運動的開展。(2分)

觀點:中國人的世界觀念發生了變化,由傳統的以中國為中心的天下觀開始認識到自己失去了天下中心的地位,甚至淪為了列強瓜分的對象。(4分)

評價:該學說繼承了以史鑒今的文化傳統;雖然還殘留部分的中國中心傾向;但挑戰了傳統的華夷觀念;表明了中國人對世界局勢認識的加深。(6分,一點2分,任答三點即可)

28、(1)英國完成工業革命;1832年議會改革民主基礎逐漸擴大,民主制度不斷健全;原有文官制度存在很大弊端;近代自然科學的進步(6分,一點2分,任答三點即可)

(2)特點:公開考試;擇優錄用;考生來源廣泛。(3分)作用:打破特權階層對官職的壟斷,擴大了統治基礎;增進社會公平、公正,有利于人才脫穎而出;提高官員隊伍素質,加強對社會的有效管理。(6分)

第三篇:2014年上半年荊州中學、龍泉中學、宜昌一中、襄陽四中聯考高二英語試題

2013~2014學下學期荊州中學、龍泉中學

宜昌一中、襄陽四中

期中聯考

高二英語試題

命題人:王金莉(龍泉中學)審題人:李 輝(襄陽四中)

本試題卷共8頁,81題。全卷滿分150分。考試用時120分鐘。

★ 祝考試順利 ★

注意事項:

1.答卷前,考生務必將自己的姓名、班級、準考證號填寫在答題卡上,并將準考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。

2.選擇題的作答:每小題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其它答案標號。答在試題卷、草稿紙上無效。

3.完成句子和短文寫作題的作答:用黑色墨水簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應的答題區域內。答在試題卷、草稿紙上無效。

4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔。考試結束后,請將答題卡上交。

第一部分:聽力(共兩節,滿分30分)

做題時,先將答案劃在試卷上。錄音內容結束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。

第一節(共5小題:每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.What are they talking about?

A.A matchbox.B.A fire.C.A building.2.Where does the man usually go on weekend nights?

A.To the cinema.B.To a restaurant.C.To a bar.3.What is wrong with the printer?

A.It runs out of ink.B.It's broken.C.It's jammed.4.What are the two speakers doing?

A.Chatting.B.Discussing.C.Bargaining.5.Why did the man go to the Fragrant Hills last weekend?

A.To see red leaves.B.To do morning exercise.C.To get together with friends.第二節(共15小題:每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6至8題。

6.Why is the woman so worried about her daughter?

A.She met an outlaw.B.She didn't show up at school.C.She ran away from home.英語試卷 第1頁

7.What did the man say to comfort the woman?

A.He is not angry with her.B.The girl can look after herself.C.She shouldn't feel shame so much.8.What does the man suggest doing?

A.Calling the police.B.Contacting her classmates.C.Turning to the neighbors.聽第7段材料,回答第9至11題。

9.What does the professor think of the few unserious teachers?

A.Irresponsible.B.Shameless.C.Unfair.10.What can we learn about the professor's students?

A.They always cheat.B.They seldom cheat.C.They never cheat.11.What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A.How to pass the exams.B.How strict a teacher should be.C.Why the students cheat in exams.聽第8段材料,回答第12至14題。12.When do the speakers usually meet?

A.On Mondays.B.On Tuesdays.C.On Wednesdays.13.What does the man think of Professor Grayson?

A.Nice.B.Boring.C.Humorous.14.What is the man's major?

A.Maths.B.Economics.C.English literature.聽第9段材料,回答第15至17題。15.Why does Elizabeth look worried today?

A.She needs money baldy.B.She didn't get the visa.C.She lost her wallet.16.What does she plan to do?

A.Go to the police station.B.Leave the country soon.C.Go to China Daily.17.What will the man do for her?

A.Call his uncle.B.Put an advertisement.C.Treat the woman to breakfast.聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。18.What did Michelle Obama ask ITV to do?

A.Advance the release date of the drama.B.Send some DVDs with the latest story.C.Change the sad ending of the play.19.How did the ITV feel when the first lady's office got in touch with them?

A.Overexcited.B.Embarrassed.C.Surprised.20.What did the ITV hope the Obamas to do?

A.Invite the stars to dinner.B.Keep a secret.C.Enjoy the drama.英語試卷 第 2頁

第二部分:詞匯知識運用(共兩節,滿分30分)

第一節:多項選擇(共10小題:每小題1分,滿分10分)

從A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。21.Though willing to help those in need, many Chinese now hesitate to help a fallen elderly person, because not all such kindnesses are received with___________.A.ambitionB.appreciationC.sympathyD.qualification

22.Many senior high school students' weekend ______ includes sleeping late, surfing the Internet and having a get-together with friends.A.drillB.draftC.regulationD.routine

23.Nowadays sending text messages or writing micro-blogs allows us to exchange thoughts, but bits and pieces of online connection can't ______ for a face-to-face conversation.A.adjustB.exchangeC.substituteD.witness

24.Under the great pressure of the public, Zhang Yimou, the director of Hero and House of Flying Daggers, had to _______ on Sunday that he has two sons and a daughter with his second wife, Chen Ting.A.acknowledgeB.adaptC.adjustD.adopt

25.However _____ certain natural resources may be, they are bound to run out one day if not well taken care of.A.abundantB.absurdC.autonomousD.available

26.If Wen Zhang is only interested in the beautiful appearance of Yao Di, that shows what a______ person he is, who is not worth cherishing at all.A.fellowB.shadowC.narrowD.shallow

27.As with holding sand in the hand, the fastest way to lose love is to hold it too _____, and the best way to keep it is to give it wings.A.remotelyB.looselyC.tightlyD.narrowly

28.The sales of the cell phone Nubiaz5mini have increased _____ online recently because the first lady of China Peng Liyuan used one of the same style to take photos of the footballers in Germany.A.slightlyB.sharplyC.approximatelyD.annually

29.Don't expect to pass the driving test at your first attempt.______, you have been learning to drive for only a couple of days.A.After allB.Or ratherC.On the contraryD.In other words 30.Global warming is an increasingly huge concern for the world, which has led to many rivers and lakes

______ these years.A.drying upB.drying outC.putting outD.putting up 第二節:完型填空(共20小題:每小題1分,滿分20分)

閱讀下面短文,從短文后所給各題的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

with the problems of growing up and communicating with my mother.Whenever I got angry, we would end up inwith each other, unwilling to share our real feelings.Several days ago, I ran away from home to the anger and pain bottled up for many hours, well into the night, before I finally decided to home.Walking through the front door, I saw all the pain and anger on my mother's face.For days after that, we said the filled with tension, so we needed a talk and agreed to have breakfast together in a local café the next morning.It turned out to be apoint of our relationship.On our way to the table I my mother holding two notebooks, “are they for?” I asked.“Sometimes it is easier to down our feelings than to talk about them,” She explained.She then me a notebook and kept one for herself.The “ ” were that she would pick a topic, and we would write down ourabout it, however long or short.Our first was: “Why I am so angry?” I wrote a half After finishing writing notebooks and read what the other had reading mum's words, I began to cry and so did she.Amazingly enough, when we finished discussing them, all the anger inside me was to expressing our

different ideas.No matter how we feel, our notebooks are a safe place to express it.31.A.conductingB.doingC.dealingD.putting 32.A.companionB.conflictC.connectionD.conservation 33.A.absorbB.releaseC.abolishD.prevent 34.A.insideB.withoutC.besideD.beyond 35.A.stayB.leaveC.returnD.move 36.A.mostB.worstC.leastD.best 37.A.desperatelyB.narrowlyC.hopefullyD.importantly 38.A.startingB.fallingC.freezingD.turning 39.A.noticedB.feltC.scannedD.glanced 40.A.WhereB.WhatC.WhenD.Why 41.A.setB.handC.expressD.discuss 42.A.askedB.leftC.handedD.opened 43.A.lessonsB.ordersC.rulesD.reasons 44.A.adviceB.decisionC.worriesD.feelings 45.A.testB.letterC.topicD.game 46.A.filledB.hurriedC.madeD.stayed 47.A.mentionedB.trustedC.exchangedD.combined 48.A.ApartB.InC.OnD.With49.A.recycledB.relaxedC.recognizedD.removed 50.A.approachB.meansC.methodD.way

第三部分:閱讀理解(共20小題:每小題2分,滿分40分)

閱讀下列短文,從每篇短文后所給各題的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

A

The gentle giants of our oceans are whale sharks.It's the biggest shark and can reach as long as 41.5 feet, and these amazing creatures are also the biggest fish of any kind.Whale sharks have a lifespan of 70 years on average, and they spend their days gently swimming in the warm and tropical oceans.Their teeth are the size of match heads, and while their jaws could be powerful, they have never tended to attack humans.Their teeth play no role in eating, as plankton(浮游生物)does not need to be chewed.They are to be found in numbers in the warmer oceans and they prefer the deep waters of the open oceans.Several times a year they gather together in certain spots where plankton is plentiful.Those areas are all within a 30°north or south latitude(緯度)from equator.Sadly, whale sharks are targeted by commercial fisheries at those spots.How easy it is for the fishermen to catch those beautiful creatures who can only swim at 3.5 miles per hour!Whale sharks have suffered so great a loss that they are now listed as one of the endangered species.Measures have been taken to protect the whale shark from extinction.The Philippines and India have banned the fishing, selling, importing and exporting of whale sharks for commercial purposes.However, the law does not seem to be effective because the hunting and killing are still going on today, especially in the Philippines.Each whale shark can bring in around $21,000.In parts of Asia they are known as the “money shark”.The mighty dollar wins again at great cost to our habitat.We will not know what we have lost until we have lost it forever.51.Which of the following about whale sharks is NOT true?

A.They usually live a life of 70 years on average.B.They depend on their teeth to harvest their food.C.They like to live in the deep waters of the warmer oceans.D.They gather together some times a year for plankton.52.Which of the following do whale sharks feed on?

A.Big fish.B.Seals.C.Plankton.D.Smaller sharks of the same kind.53.So many whale sharks have been caught mainly because______.A.they swim at a slow speed

B.they mean profit in the eyes of those fishermen C.they often gather together in great numbers D.they never tend to attack humans

54.We can learn from the passage that ______.A.whale sharks are not the biggest sharks but the biggest fish B.whale sharks will be extinct even if they are protected C.Asia has nothing to do with the decreasing of whale sharks D.we should take steps to protect whale sharks

B

Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman.A man goes shopping because he needs something.His purpose is settled and decided in advance.He knows what he wants, and his aim is men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want.If the shop has it in stock(有現貨的), the business of trying it on follows at once.All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction.For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants.In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else.No good salesman brings out a substitute impolitely;he does so with skill: “I know this jacket is not the style you want, Sir, but would you like to try it on for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is: “This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on.”

Now how does a woman buy clothes? In almost every aspect she does so in the opposite way.Her shopping is not often based on need.She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look round”.She is always open to persuasion;indeed she is influenced by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her.She will try on any number of things.What she wants is to find something that everyone thinks suits her.Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes.They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain.Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend hours going from one shop to another, to and fro.It is a tiring process, but apparently an enjoyable one.Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.55.The underlined sentence “the price is a secondary consideration” in the second paragraph means when a man is shopping ______.A.he buys things of good quality even if they are very dear

B.he cares about whether the thing is what he needs first and then the price C.he buys whatever he likes without considering its value D.he buys things without considering its price

56.What does a man do when he can not get exactly what he wants?

A.He usually does not buy anything.B.He buys a similar thing because of the color he wants.C.So long as the style is right, he buys the thing.D.At least two of his requirements must be met before he buys.57.What does the passage tell us about women shoppers for clothes?

A.They welcome suggestions from almost anyone.B.Women rarely consider buying cheap clothes.C.Women buy things without giving the matter proper thought.D.They try to buy clothes for more than its real value.58.What is the main difference between men and women shoppers?

A.Men do not try clothes on in a shop while women do.B.Women bargain for their clothes, but men do not.C.Men go shopping based on need, but women often not.D.Women buy more clothes than men.C

A word has suddenly become wildly popular in China—“Tuhao”—which loosely translated means “nouveau riche”(暴發戶).It's connected with everything from the new People's Daily building, to expensive celebrity weddings full of bling, and the new gold-colored iPhone.In Chinese “tu” means earth and “hao” means rich.To say someone is Tuhao is to imply they come from a poor peasant background, and have become rich quickly—but don't quite have the proper manners to go along with it.It's almost like the term “nouveau riche”, says Professor Steve Tsang at the School of Contemporary Chinese Studies in Nottingham—but has even more negative meanings, suggesting a certain vulgarity(粗俗).“Tuhao” is actually an old word—dating back perhaps as far as the Southern Dynasty 1,500 years ago —but it has always meant something rather different.During the communist revolution, it was widely used to refer to landholders who would bully(欺侮)those beneath them.This new usage of the term took off in last September after a widely-shared joke about a rich, but unhappy man, who goes to a Buddhist monk for advice, expecting to be told to live a happier life.The monk replies with the phrase: “Tuhao, let's be friends!”

Chinese Internet users are highly creative in their use of language, and are constantly inventing, and re-inventing words.But in this case, its popularity seems to be down to the fact that it briefly expresses China's changing society so well—59.Which of the following may NOT be considered “Tuhao”?

A.A vulgar nouveau riche.B.A bully landholder.C.A quick-rich peasant without proper manners.D.A Buddhist monk.A.what the new usage of the word is B.how the word becomes popular again

C.why the unhappy man went to the Buddhist monk D.what advice the monk gave the unhappy man

61.What is the meaning of the underlined phrase in the last paragraph most similar to?

A.understandB.undertakeC.undervalueD.underline62.What is the main idea of the passage?

A.Tuhao is nouveau riche.B.Tuhao has a long history.C.Tuhao is a newly-invented Chinese word.D.Tuhao is a word popular again in China.D

Having a dental fear(牙科恐懼癥)is a common problem.Learning to overcome your fear of the dentist is possible with a little determination and guidance.It is worthwhile to overcome the issue as healthy teeth might help you be healthy physically and spiritually.Admission

Admitting you have a fear is the first step in overcoming dental fear.When you acknowledge your fear, you can start the process.Dentistry has come a long way over the years.The anesthetics(麻醉)are improved, the techniques are of higher quality and dental offices have a better understanding of these issues you are concerned about and all these can help you overcome it.Research

Speak to family and friends about your fear.Be open and honest about your issues and get feedback from them regarding their dental experiences.You can contact your local Dental Society and express your concerns.Another good approach is to simply call dental offices and get useful information from the front office staff.First visit

Most dental offices schedule your first visit by a dental assistant.This gives you a chance to ease into the situation.Do not hesitate to express your fear and hesitation.Pay attention to what the assistant says.It can be very useful and it can gently guide you to a new attitude towards dentists.Relaxation techniques

There are many things you can do to relax yourself.Slow, steady, deep breathes are keys to relax properly.Another aid in relaxation is to bring your iPod to play some relaxing music while you are in the dental chair.Music is a wonderful tool to use and is a helpful distraction.Facing your fear and making the first dental appointment are necessary for your health.Ignoring your dental health because of your fear will only worsen the issues and cause you to have serious dental problems.63.We can learn from the first paragraph that ______.A.few people might have the dental fear B.it's impossible to overcome the dental fear C.it's meaningful to overcome the dental fear

D.it's not necessary to pay attention to dental health

64.You can start the process of overcoming dental fear after______.A.making an appointment with a good dentist B.admitting your dental fear

C.learning something about dental health D.asking advice from other people

65.What should you do when you first visit a dentist?

A.Avoid telling your fear and hesitation.B.Avoid showing any attitude towards the dentists.C.Ask someone to accompany you.D.Listen carefully to the assistant's advice.66.In the last paragraph the author wants to express that ______.A.dental fear can be overcome easily

B.one must be brave enough to face the dental fearC.it's quite difficult to be honest

D.fear is a natural thing that everyone might have

E

Modern Japan is proud of many technological wonders: robot dogs that run and bark, creative household appliances that make everyday life easier, and computers that make complex problems almost childishly simple.But when it comes to which invention is the best, the Japanese may not be thinking with their heads or their hearts, but their stomachs.They considered instant noodles the best invention of the 20th century.As for life-changing technology, karaoke came in at No.2.The non-scientific survey by the Fuji Research Institute attached to Tokyo University asked 2,000 adults to rate the greatest inventions of the 20th century in three categories: manufactured goods, culture and technology.Participants were asked to take into consideration worldwide acceptance of the various inventions.An astonishing number of 692 placed instant noodles, a Japanese “invention” in 1958, at the top of the list.Instant noodles went into commercial production in 1971, and almost 50 billion cups are now consumed each year worldwide.In 1996, a giant billboard of a steaming cup of noodles was set up above Times Square in New York City, a proud declaration of the place that instant noodles had earned in world cuisine(烹飪).Headphone stereo sets, TV video games, CDs and cameras were ranked behind instant noodles and “Pocket Monsters”, Pikachu and his popular little friends came in at No.8 and automobile-related technology came in at No.9—automobiles themselves, invented overseas, were not ranked at all.Sushi, perhaps the original fast food in Japan, finished the top list.While the Fuji Institute's survey may not have been so scientific, it does suggest one thing: technology may rule the world, but at least in Tokyo, it begins and ends with the taste buds(味蕾).67.Instant noodles were considered the best invention of the 20th century in terms of A.acceptanceB.practicalityC.technologyD.trade 68.The underlined part “off-key howling”.A.automobilesB.karaokeC.PikachuD.Pocket Monsters 69.According to the survey, which was ranked the last on the list of the best inventions?

A.Automobile-related technology.B.Cameras.C.CDs.D.Sushi.70.What's the best title for the passage?

A.Japanese Inventions

B.The Life-changing Technology C.Instant Noodles, the Best Invention D.Wonders of Japan

第四部分:書面表達(共兩節,滿分50分)

第一節:完成句子(共10小題:每小題2分,滿分20分)

閱讀下列各小題,根據漢語提示,用句末括號內的英語單詞完成句子,并將答案寫在答題卡上的相應題號后。

their own faults.(reflect)

很多人熱衷于評價別人的得失,而他們中很少有人反思自己的過錯。

72.that Malaysian Defence Minister Hishammuddin Hussein considered getting up to 26 countries involved in searching for the missing plane MH370 a great achievement.(amaze)

令我們震驚的是馬來西亞國防部長希沙姆丁竟然認為得到多達26個國家參與搜救失聯飛機MH370是一個偉大的成就。

73.It is highly recommended that everyone at home and abroad _________________________authentic WuHan Hot Noodles with Sesame Paste.(access)

強烈建議海內外的人都有機會嘗嘗正宗的武漢熱干面。

My Love From The Star so well-received in China, especially among the youth?(What)

究竟是什么讓韓劇《來自星星的你》在中國尤其是年輕人中間炙手可熱?

75.If they _________________________that much money to the charity organization, the old couple would enjoy their life after retirement in comfort now.(donate)

如果那對老夫妻沒有捐那么大筆錢給慈善機構,他們現在就可以舒舒服服地享受退休生活了。76.Not only ____________________________________ the fast rhythm of city life, but also she is becoming more and more outgoing.(adapt)

她不僅已經適應了快節奏的城市生活,而且變得越來越開朗。

77.With the May Day all those travel agencies are busy making

preparations for another peak travel period.(draw)

隨著五一長假的臨近,各個旅行社都在忙著準備迎接又一旅游高峰期。

78.The volunteers went to the orphanage to accompany the abandoned children at the New Year's eve,____________________ that all the rooms were empty.(find)

志愿者們除夕的時候去孤兒院陪那些被遺棄的孩子,結果卻發現房間都是空的。

79.____________________________________for many times, he was banned from going on witnessing to the traffic accident.(contradict)

已經自相矛盾好多次了,他被禁止繼續為那起交通事故作證。

80.Roosevelt won his reelection on November 17,1944, which was the fourth time that he

_________________________________as president of the United States.(appoint)羅斯福在1944年11月17日贏得了總統連任,那是他第四次當選美國總統。第二節:短文寫作(共1題:滿分30分)

2014年央視春晚上,一曲《時間都去哪兒了》戳中所有人的淚點。請根據以下提示,并結合事例,用英語寫一篇短文。

Parents' love is great.They support us for no payment and never give us up.注意: ①無須寫標題,不得照抄英語提示語;

②除詩歌外,文體不限;

③詞數不少于120詞。

第四篇:2014年上半年荊州中學、龍泉中學、宜昌一中、襄陽四中高一歷史參考答案

荊州中學、龍泉中學 2013~2014學下學期期中聯考 宜昌一中、襄陽四中

高一歷史試題參考答案

BBCDDBADBBBDCDCACDDACACDDBBCCA

31.(1)太平天國---農民階級政權;南京臨時政府—以資產階級革命派為主體的政府。(4分)

(2)《資政新篇》和《中華民國臨時約法》。(2分)《資政新篇》具有鮮明的資本主義色彩。政治上主張以法治國,由公眾選舉官吏;經濟上學習西方,發展工商業,辦保險事業;文教上提倡興辦學校;外交上主張自由通商。(3分)

《中華民國臨時約法》是中國歷史上第一部資產階級民主憲法。它規定中華民國主權屬于全體國民,國民有選舉和被選舉權,確立三權分立的政治體制,實行責任內閣制。(3分)

(3)《資政新篇》沒有實行,《中華民國臨時約法》被袁世凱廢除。共同原因在于沒有充分的經濟基礎,是由階級局限性和社會性質決定的。(3分)

32.(1)特征:以專制主義中央集權制為核心;官僚政治逐步形成。(2分)

(2)表現:實行代議制的民主形式;賦予總統極大的行政權;構建“分權制衡”機制。(3分)

(3)落實:頒布《共同綱領》為施政綱領,實行人民民主專政;選舉人大代表,召開第一屆全國人大,制定《中華人民共和國憲法》,規定一切權力屬于人民;確立人民代表大會制,民族區域自治等制度。(3分)

認識:民主法制建設是人類發展的必然趨勢;民主法制建設是一個過程,須不斷改革完善,古今中外相互借鑒,取長補短;要建立符合本國國情的民主體制等。(任答2點得2分)

33.(1)方式:利用宗族(宗法制)管理;

特點:注重血緣關系。

原因:小農是封建國家賦役的主要承擔者。(3分)

(2)政策:重農抑商。(2分)目的:鞏固王朝統治。(2分)

(3)現象:出現了擁有巨額資本的大商人。(2分)主要原因:廣州是閉關鎖國政策下對

外交往的窗口;行商具有經營對外貿易的特權。(2分)

(4)財富主要用于購田置地;供應子女求取功名。(2分)

影響:阻礙商品經濟和資本主義萌芽的發展。(2分)

第五篇:2014年上半年荊州中學、龍泉中學、宜昌一中、襄陽四中高一語文答案

2013~2014學下學期荊州中學、龍泉中學、宜昌一中、襄陽四中期中聯考

高一語文參考答案

1.A【解析】B項,嗚咽(yè);C項,鍥(qiè)而不舍;D項,旋(xuán)渦

2.C【解析】A項,膏梁——粱;B項,聒躁——噪;D項,再所不辭——在 3.C【解析】見讀本《正紅旗下》

4.D【解析】A項偷換主語,應為“讓大風推著它們,得意洋洋地?駛?向海岸”。B項并列不當,應為“對鍛煉動物的速度、敏捷性、躲藏能力、爭斗能力和利用環境的能力很有效”。C項語序不當,應為“地球不但景色迷人”。

5.B【解析】寶玉初識黛玉問黛玉可曾讀書,黛玉回答不曾讀,只上了一年學,些許認得幾個字。6.D【解析】因果顛倒。

7.D【解析】“要堅決摒棄”錯,文中只是說不能把“中庸”看做中國文化的基本精神。“中庸”有利有弊,對傳統文化還是繼承發揚,取其利去其弊。8.C【解析】這句詩表達的是一種人生短暫和無常之感。9.A【解析】別名:區別。

10.C【解析】③句說英和雄的作用,④句說“英分”的重要性,據此兩句排除。

11.B【解析】“只有通過為將者才能實現自己的理想”錯,按文意“英”“雄”“各濟其所長”,為相者兼有為將者的膽力也能實現自己的理想。

12.(1)因此人類中文才武功優異超眾者,由此而命名。(“文武茂異”、“取名于此”狀語后置句、句義。“人之文武茂異”也可譯為定語后置句。)

(2)所以,“英材”用智慧謀劃于開始,用明察發現事物的微小動向,又通過“雄材”的膽略去實施它。(是故、見機、句義)

(3)但是卻不能聽取奇異的計謀,有一范增而不能重用,因此陳平等人也就逃跑歸順了劉邦。(聽采奇異、亡歸、句義)

13.蓋有非常之功∕必待非常之人∕故馬或奔踶而致千里∕士或有負俗之累而立功名∕夫泛駕之馬∕跅弛之士∕亦在御之而已。(錯2處扣1分,扣完為止)

14.(1)“落木千山天遠大,澄江一道月分明”:意境闊遠澄凈,流露出詩人了卻公事后登閣遠眺、暫得放松的喜悅之情。“無邊落木蕭蕭下,不盡長江滾滾來”:意境雄渾蒼涼,傳達出一種韶華易逝、壯志難酬的悲壯感。

(2)①孤高傲世。詩人感嘆世無知己,不愿再施展才華,暫且借美酒以遣懷自娛。

②歸隱山水。詩人逃脫公務,逍遙山水,想駕扁舟歸去,與白鷗為友,有歸隱之志。15.(1)猿猱欲度愁攀援(2)江間波浪兼天涌(3)百年多病獨登臺

(4)猶抱琵琶半遮面(5)望帝春心托杜鵑(6)君子博學而日參省乎已(7)焚百家之言(8)道之所存

16.BD【解析】B項“重男輕女的傳統思想”錯,應是“固守男女之防”。D項,這句話側面表現出何爹的技藝高超。

17.(1)化用“閱盡人間春色”詩句,詼諧地寫出了何爹剃頭之多,手藝之高超。(答夸張也可)

(2)化用“關云長敗走麥城”的故事,生動地寫出了何爹對傳統手藝的堅守。(答用典也可)18.(1)手藝高超;(2)重情輕利;(3)固守傳統而與時代保持距離。(答出第1、2點給2分,答出第3點給4分)

19.【角度一】使人物形象更加豐滿。

(1)通過描寫病篤的三明爹在剃頭時的語言、神態和感受,側面表現出何爹手藝之高超。

(2)翻過兩個嶺去看望三明爹,又以全部的絕活送老朋友最后一程,進一步突出了何爹重情重義的傳統美德。

(3)前文寫何爹固守男女之防的傳統思想,后文寫何爹重情重義的傳統美德,使人物形象更加豐滿。

【角度二】使情節更為曲折。

(1)小說前部分寫“我”去找何爹剪頭的情節,穿插對何爹“青龍偃月刀”刀法的介紹。結尾部分,筆調突然轉到寫何爹給三明爹臨終剃頭的情節,如平地起波瀾,進入小說的高潮。

(2)小說前部分情節略顯散淡,結尾部分情節更為曲折。三明爹好久沒送腦袋來,何爹就起了疑心。翻過兩個嶺去看望老朋友,發現老朋友已經奄奄一息。三明爹在何爹的絕活中舒舒服服走完最后一程。寫得波瀾起伏,緊張曲折,最后又戛然而止,余音裊裊。【角度三】使主題更加豐富。

(1)小說前部分含有對傳統守舊落伍思想的委婉批評,最后部分則是對傳統美德的真誠禮贊。(2)小說的結尾部分的描寫,使我們進一步看到何爹堅守的不僅是傳統手藝,更是一種傳統的情感方式和傳統品德。

(3)小說的結尾部分的情節,也暗示傳統絕活行將退出生活而成為歷史,表達了不舍與惋惜之情。

(任選一個角度,結合文本,言之成理即可)

20.【答案示例】未見其人先聞其聲,前簇后擁一呼百應。

21.【答案示例】(1)孤舟故園心,漂泊的杜甫在寒冷的秋天思念著家園,也在古跡的探訪中思考著自己的命運。

(2)琵琶有恨,昭君怨美貌未曾賞識;落葉無情,杜甫悲生命滾滾而逝。

22.【答案示例】面容清瘦目光炯炯燭黑暗須眉濃密頭發根根刺痼疾(運用現成詩文零分)23.評分標準參考2013年湖北高考作文評分細則。

【文言文譯文】

大凡要建立不平凡的功業,必須靠不平凡的人才。所以,馬有狂奔踢人但能日行千里的;士有受世俗所譏笑的毛病但能立功揚名的。那種不循軌轍的駿馬,行為放蕩不羈的士人,只在于善于駕馭和使用罷了。命令:各州郡考察吏民中才能優秀和出類拔萃的,可以擔任將相和出使絕遠國家的人才。

【文言文譯文】

草木的精華稱為英,禽獸中超群者稱為雄。那些文才武略卓越者稱為英雄,就是由此得名的。所以具有遠見卓識的叫做英,膽力超群的叫做雄,這是英和雄大概的區別。如果考察分析人所稟賦的英與雄的區分配置,就會發現英和雄是互相配合、互相依賴著的。如果把英與雄各自一分為二,然后交錯搭配組合,在一個整體中“英”與“雄”各占一份,這樣的人材能成就功業。

為什么這樣說呢?聰明智慧是英材的天賦,不具備雄材的膽略,正確的觀點就不能推行。膽識力量是雄材的天賦,不具備英材的智慧,事業也不能成功。所以,“英材”用智慧謀劃于開始,用明察發現事物的微小動向,又通過“雄材”的膽略決斷而付諸實施。“雄材”用力量制服大眾,用勇敢排除困難,又通過“英材”的智慧而成就功業。這樣,英材和雄材就能夠互相用對方的長處補足自己的短處。

聰慧能夠謀劃事情的開始,明智能夠洞察事物的動向,但勇氣不足以去實行,(這樣的人)可以遵循常道,而不能應付變故。力量超過眾人,又具備勇敢的稟性,而沒有判斷事理的智慧,這樣的人,可以是先鋒,但不能夠做統帥。一定要智慧足以謀始,明察足以見微,膽略足以決斷,這樣的人材算是英材,張良就是這類人。力氣足以超過他人,勇敢足以敢作敢為,智慧足以謀斷事理,這樣的人材算是雄材,韓信就是這類人。所以英材可以為相,雄材可以為將。如果一個人身上兼備英材和雄材,就能夠功高蓋世,稱雄一時,劉邦、項羽就是這樣的人。

然而英分和雄分相比較,英分更顯得不能缺少。缺少英分,英材一定會離開他。所以項羽力能拔山,氣概蓋世,也有順時應變的明智,但是卻不能聽取奇異的計謀,有一奇士范增而不能重用,陳平等人也就逃亡歸順了劉邦。英分多的人,雄材服從他,英材歸順他,兩得其用,所以劉邦能夠吞并強秦,擊破西楚,統一天下。

這樣說來,英分和雄分的多少,是決定自身成敗的關鍵。只具備英分而沒有雄分,那么雄材不會服從;只具備雄分而沒有英分,那么英材也不會歸順。所以只具備雄分的人能得到雄材,不能得到英材;只具備英分的人能得到英材,不能得到雄材。因此,一人之身兼有英分和雄分,才能夠統率英材和雄材,成就偉大的事業。

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