第一篇：英語翻譯(21世紀大學英語第二冊unit5`6`8 第三冊unit1`2`6)

Translation

BOOK IIUNIT 5

1.這所大學只提供給普里西拉一小筆貸款,余下的錢得靠她自己去籌劃。

The university offered Priscilla only a small loan and she had to come up with the rest of the money herself.2.憑著她在餐館工作的微薄收入，瑪麗幾乎無法維持生活。因此，她已在所住的公寓大樓里找了一些清掃大樓的工作做。

With the small income from her restaurant job, Mary could barely make(both)ends meet.That’s why she had found some cleaning work to do in the apartment building where she lived.3.在頭兩個學期她經常熬夜學習，因為她知道必須在班上 取得最高的平均積分點才有資格獲得那份獎學金。

In the first two semesters, she often stayed up late studying because she knew she had to get the highest GPA in her class to qualify for the scholarship.4.任何人想在那家公司找到工作，即便沒有博士學位，至少也得有個碩士學位，不然就不會被錄用。

Anyone who wants to find employment in/with that company must have at least a master’s degree, if not a Ph.D.Otherwise he or she will not be accepted.5.只要你全心全意地投身于學習，你終將會達到你成為一 名考古學家的長遠目標。

Only if you throw yourself into your studies will you ultimately achieve your long-term goal of becoming an archaeologist.6.在辦公室里貝思看上去一直很開心，臉上隨時帶著微笑。但在內心深處她已厭倦了做秘書。她想做點有創意的事情。

In the office Beth always looked happy and had a ready smile.But deep down, she was tired of being a secretary.She wanted to do something more creative.7.我父親是來自墨西哥的農業季節工人。當我被華盛頓大 學錄取，成為我家上大學的第一人時，他高興極了。

A migrant farm laborer from Mexico, my father was overjoyed when I was accepted by the University of Washington and became the first person in my family to attend college.8.普里西拉回憶起初艱苦奮斗年月時說，在工作和學習之 間取得平衡是不容易的。

When Priscilla looked back on her years of hard struggle, she said that it was no easy job to balance work and study.UNIT 6

1.專攻理論宇宙學的英國科學家斯蒂芬·霍金被公認為二十世紀末葉最偉大的天才。

Stephen Hawking, a British scientist specializing in theoretical cosmology, has been proclaimed the greatest genius of the late 20th century.2.每推出一張新唱片,這位歌手總夢想著它能躋身電臺的排行榜前十名之列。

Every time he releases a new record, the singer dreams of its/it earning a place in the “top-ten”list on the radio.3.位于倫敦西北的牛津大學以其學術成就而聞名遐邇。

Located to the north west of London, Oxford University is well known/noted far and wide for its academic excellence.4.作為一位智力超群的偉人，愛因斯坦使現代人對于時空有了全新的概念。

An intellectual giant, Einstein was responsible for modern man’s new concept of time and space.5.這項醫學研究的目的在于找到醫治遺傳性血液疾病的新療法，因為現在使用的藥物不能治愈這些復雜的疾病。

This medical research is aimed at finding new treatment for inherited blood diseases, because the drugs now in use cannot cure these complicated diseases.6.今年是我校建校一百周年紀念。我校最初是一家私塾,現已成為一所以理論研究見長的世界名牌大學。

This year is the one hundredth anniversary of the founding of our university.A private school initially, it has now become a world-famous university specializing in the theoretical research.7.兩年前，鮑勃對他餐館經理的工作感到厭倦；幸好他獲得了一份州立大學的獎學金。Two years ago, Bob was feeling bored with his job as a restaurant manager.Luckily he won a scholarship to the state university.8.當被問及斯蒂芬在大學時是什么樣的學生時，當時任物理系系主任的懷特教授回憶道：“他給我的印象是個非常聰明的學生，具有一種對物理本能的洞察力。”

Asked what kind of student Stephen was at college, Prof.White, the then Chairman of the Physics Department, recalls: “He impressed me as a very bright student with an instinctive insight into physics.”

UNIT 8

1.不成文的規定比成文的規定更有力地規范著我們的生活和行為。

The unwritten rules govern our lives and behavior more strongly than the written ones.2.在圖書館和教室里當你和某人交談時你并不提高嗓門。事實上，我就從沒見任何人在那些地方大聲尖叫過。

When you are talking with someone in libraries and classrooms, you do not raise your voice.As a matter of fact, I have never seen anyone screaming at the top of their lungs in those places.3.在他喊過“該死，西爾維亞”后發現擁擠在餐館的所有人都在驚訝地看著他時，他的臉漲得通紅。

His face reddened when he found that everyone in the crowded restaurant was looking at him in surprise after he yelled, “Damn it, Sylvia.”

4.盡管比賽很激動人心，但坐在看臺上的八萬名觀眾卻沒有一人離開座位。正如鮑勃·格林所說，那道無形的屏障一直是有效的。

Regardless of the emotion of the contest, none of the 80,000 spectators sitting in the stands left their seats.Just as Bob Green says the invisible barrier always holds.5.每天早晨六點半，運動場上已擠滿了跑步和做早操的學生。這本身就是一個充滿希望的征兆，說明越來越多的學生已認識到身體好的重要性。

By six thirty every morning, the sports ground is already full of students jogging and doing morning exercises — which is in itself a hopeful sign that more and more students have realized the importance of keeping fit.6.由于某種原因莉莉沒有為法語測試作好準備。但作為一個誠實的姑娘，她決不會在考試中作弊，正如她不會說謊一樣。

For some reason, Lily was not well prepared for the French test.But being an honest girl, she would no sooner cheat on an exam than tell lies.7.我認識一個定期給在墨西哥的父母寄錢的農業季節工人。他把這看作是理所當然的（right）事。他常說：“你應該贍養自己的父母，是不是?”。

I know a migrant farm laborer who sends money to his parents in Mexico on a regular basis.He regards it as the right thing to do.He often says, “You’re supposed to support your parents, aren’t you?”

8.我們生活在一個由法律、不成文的規定、習俗和傳統主宰的社會里，沒有它們就會一片混亂。

We are living in a society which is governed by laws, unwritten rules, customs and traditions;there would be chaos without them.BOOK III 1.湯姆去年轉來我校。他全神貫注地聽楊小姐上課并很快成了她最喜歡的學生。

Tom(was)transferred to our school last year.He hung on Miss Young’s every word in class and soon became the apple of her eye.2.看到女兒高中畢業，他感到一陣難以用語言表達的愛和驕傲。

Seeing his daughter graduate from high school, he felt a surge of love and pride that he couldn’t express in words.3.當李先生去年開始涉足股市時，他做夢也沒想到會變成百萬富翁！

Last year when Mr.Li first began his venture into the stock market, becoming a millionaire was beyond his wildest dreams.4.在休假日，我有幸看到一些野生海豹在吃魚。我照了幾張相片，可惜焦點都沒對準。On my holiday, I was lucky enough to witness some wild seals feeding on fish.I took several photos of them, but unfortunately they were all out of focus.5.王子跟那位女演員保持確定的情侶關系已三年。沒有任何東西能改變他們在下周結婚的決定。

The prince has been going steady with the actress for three years and nothing can alter their plan to get married next week.6.因為窮人連飯都吃不飽便認為他們不需要義務教育的看法完全是一種錯誤的想法。沒有教育人們怎能克服貧窮？

It is a complete misconception that the poor do not need compulsory education because they do not even have enough to feed on.Without education, how can poor people ever overcome their poverty?

7.大衛所有的同班同學都困惑不解——沒有人想得出他怎么突然變成了優等生。

All of David’s classmates are completely stumped — no one can work out how he became a top student overnight.8.很明顯，她拒絕他的求婚給了他沉重的打擊，但他最終還是從痛苦中恢復了過來。

It was obvious that her rejection of his proposal hit him hard, but in time he recovered from his wounds.1.獨立生活的能力對于任何一個成年人來說是必不可少的, 但真正的成熟遠遠不止那些基本的生存策略。

The ability to fend for oneself is indispensable to any adult, but real maturity is more than just a set of survival strategies.2.孩子們在兒童節有資格免費進入每一個城市公園。這是對他們全年長期呆在學校里的一種補償。

On Children’s Day, kids are entitled to free entry to all city parks.It’s a way of compensating them for the long hours they spend in school all year.3.你更注重個人的生活而不是學習，難怪你的成績下降了。

You’re giving more priority to your personal life than to your studies.It’s no wonder your grades are suffering.4.鑒于當今社會大多數的婦女離家就職，很自然她們反對丈夫把她們作為家庭主婦來對待。

Given that most women nowadays have jobs outside the home, it’s natural that they object to their husbands treating them like housekeepers.5.美國的不少百萬富翁都至少擁有兩座房子和一架私人飛機。

Quite a number of American millionaires own at least two houses and a private plane.6.當約翰意外地從癌癥康復時，他的醫生把此歸因于他堅強的毅力和對未來的信念。When John recovered unexpectedly from cancer, his doctors attributed it to his strong will and faith in the future.7.沒有任何實際理由要保留為女性開門那種習俗，更不用說保留“婦女和兒童優先”的傳統了。

There’s no practical reason to perpetuate the custom of opening doors for women, let alone the tradition of “women and children first”.8.許多女權主義者反對男人養育孩子不如女人的想法。

Many feminists object to the notion that men can’t nurture children as well as women can.1.我真希望你對這一事件能采取一種更加通情達理的態度。

I wish you could adopt a more reasonable attitude towards the event.2.在那次車禍中我的腿摔斷了,我兒子的腿也摔斷了。

I broke my leg in the car accident and so did my son.3.那位老婦人不勝悲傷,幾乎不能自己走路了。

The old woman, overwhelmed by grief, could hardly / barely walk on her own.4.在他過世五十年之后，他的成就才為社會所承認。

It was 50 years after his death that his accomplishments were acknowledged by society.5.這里曾經是戰火紛飛，現在卻是一片和平與繁榮。

Where there were flames of war, now there are peace and prosperity.6.他病得很重，他的病無藥可治。

He is seriously ill and his disease defies the healing power of any medicine.7.由于前途渺茫，一片空白，早年的希望逐漸消失，他對生活失去了信心。

He has lost confidence in life — the future has blurred and gone blank and his early hopes

have faded into nothingness.8.小湯姆意識到已無法改變這一嚴酷的現實：隨著父母的突然去世，他的家庭已經破碎。Little Tom realized that nothing could change the harsh reality that his family had fallen apart with his parents’ sudden deaths.

第二篇：新視野大學英語第二冊Unit 4 Text

Unit 4 Text A 大學情侶 我微笑著看著我那兩個可愛的女兒，她們似乎比她們的父母還是大學情侶那會兒更為成熟。琳達，21歲，在大學一年級交過一個男友，她曾以為會跟那個男孩結婚，但他們已不再來往了。梅麗莎，19歲，還沒有一個固定的男友。我的女兒不知何時才能遇到她們的那個“唯一”，她們偉大的愛。她們認為她們的父親和我有著一段經典的、童話般的浪漫史，從一開始就直奔婚姻的殿堂。也許，她們是正確的，但在那時似乎并不是那么回事。在某種程度上，愛神恰恰在你最沒準備時來臨。誰曾想到，布奇和我最終會結婚呢？ 他之所以成為我男友，只是因為當時我那膚淺的打算：我要找一個可愛的男友！我們通過我的大學室友介紹在大學食堂相識。在那個命中注定的夜晚，我只是好奇，但對他而言，我認為是一見鐘情。他凝視著我的臉，說：“你有一雙美麗的眼睛。” 他整個晚上一直盯著我。我真的對他沒那么感興趣，其原因有二。首先，他看起來就像是一個野小子，甚至還有些危險。其次，雖然他很可愛，卻似乎有點怪異。他騎著自行車經過我的宿舍，裝作與我“偶遇”，看到我時還假裝驚訝。我喜歡被重視的感覺，但對他的野性和充滿活力的個性卻小心謹慎。他很會說話，這會迷倒任何女孩。當我開始愛上他時，恐懼向我襲來。他那令人激動的“壞小子形象”簡直太誘人了。究竟是什么吸引了我？ 我，一直口碑極好。為了獲得優異的成績，我的注意力只專注在自己的學習上。但又怎么樣呢？ 大學應該是學習的好時間，可也應該有一些樂趣。我已幾乎達成了偉大的教育目標，離畢業只有一學期之遙了。但我卻還沒有享受過任何樂趣，我的生活乏味，沒有一點新鮮感！我需要一個男朋友，當然不是任何男朋友。他必須很可愛。于是我那個學期的目標就成為：雄心勃勃，抓住一個我能找到的最可愛的男友。我擔心他會怎么看我。不錯，我們生活在一個性觀念正在發生戲劇性轉變的時代，但我是一個傳統的女孩，對在校園里似乎常見的新方式還沒有心理準備。布奇看上去很出色！我對他的個性毫無免疫力，但我對此很害怕。那天晚上當他向大家宣布我是他女友時，我是同意的。但我隨后突然清醒：“噢，我的天哪！我是他女友嗎？這是怎么回事？” 緊接著，他在我耳邊低聲地甜言蜜語：“有一天我要娶你，我會成為一名律師。你會看到這一天的。” 我笑著對自己說：“我絕不會嫁給這個家伙。他是一個沒有前途的叛逆者。他是我男朋友，只因為我恨枯燥的學生生活。我只想得到樂趣而已。” 果然，一個月后，我發現他所有的課程都不及格。因而，他將被大學除名。令我厭惡的是，他似乎屈從了自己的命運。我知道還有希望，所以我讓他去學院的秘書那兒進行復議。我告訴他：“你要先從賓夕法尼亞大學拿到政治學學士學位，然后進入法律學院。”我以他的名義遞交了呈請書，結果被批準了。校方同意復議布奇的情況。我們的男女朋友關系一經確定，他就協調了他的學習和社交生活，結果各門課都通過了。他最終學了法律。盡管布奇的性格有點野，但他在骨子里卻是一個完美的紳士，這值得高度贊揚。的確，他有時會在我朋友面前親吻我的嘴，擅自表達他的愛。我的朋友看到了很驚訝，也很不以為然。但事實上，我們在整整七年的戀愛關系中一直是純潔和負責的。我們坐在棕櫚樹下，手牽著手，聽著浪漫的歌曲，觀賞著日落，編織著和我們自己的孩子在一起的美夢，一直到永遠。兩年糊里糊涂地過去了。一天，布奇出其不意地手捧著一打紅玫瑰跪下向我求婚。我心中充滿了深情，也坦誠了對他的愛：“太太太太太浪漫了！” 可我隨即從幻想中驚醒。我大喊出來：“天哪。不！我們現在結婚還太早了。我們甚至還沒有大學畢業呢！” 我真的很喜歡他，但我對我們感情修成正果的機率卻持悲觀態度。五年后，我們結了婚。我們忠實的愛和學習之旅帶我們走過艱難崎嶇的巖石路，走上平坦易行的公路。它是一個永久、浪漫，有時又瘋狂的愛情故事。它詮釋了一對仍在瘋狂地愛著對方的夫婦如何一起度過了29年之久的蜜月。我們的愛從漫不經心的互相吸引開始，但最終卻發展出成熟的愛情和富足的生活。

Unit 4 Text B 戀愛預留日 每天我都焦急地等你來上課。我迫不及待地等待我們的互相微笑，互問早安。你在離上課僅幾秒前才出現，在那之前，我對任何東西都無動于衷，只會注意你的到來。我不溫習功課，卻期待著你的腳步聲，期待聽到你的聲音。今天你又來晚了, 但我不介意，因為在想約你出去的沖動被克制了一個月之后，今天我感覺大膽多了。今天，我要采取行動。我知道約會方式近年來有了顯著的改變，對許多女性來說，邀請男性出去已不是什么大膽的舉動。但是，因為我所受的傳統教育，邀請你出去這一簡單的概念似乎非同尋常。從小到大，這一信息很明確：男性必須主動出擊，聯絡女性。他們應該打電話，要求約會，并支付約會的費用。然而，在大學這么些年，我了解到的并非如此。我的許多女性朋友通過主動提出與男性交往，讓她們的社交生活迸出了火花。我的女性朋友都認為，女性必須更多地參與約會的過程。“我不能無所事事、一味等待，”我的前室友曾說。“雖然這很難，但如果我想約會，我必須邀請男人出去！” 更多的女性在爭取主動，在邀請男性出去。許多男性說他們認同這一新現象。他們都松了一口氣，約會不再僅僅取決于男性自己的意愿和勇氣來踏出第一步。那么，我為什么還這么緊張？ 我告訴自己要放松，因為如今的約會要比以往來得輕松。一個大學的約會可以是兩個人一起做任何事，從一起學習到一起共度閑暇時間，如看電影。我的同齡人大多喜歡非正式的約會，因為它花費更少，且舒適。學生邀請人打網球要比他們計劃一個正式場合的約會更感輕松。非正式約會的額外好處是，它鼓勵人們在開始浪漫的關系前，先建立起健康的友誼。這樣，年輕人可以更容易放松心情和了解對方。例如，我的室友和她的男友在他們來電之前做了四個月的普通朋友。他們經常與一群共同的朋友出去。他們輪流買單。“他就像任何其他的朋友一樣，”我的室友笑著說。另一位朋友認為，非正式約會能改善人們的社會生活，使他們周旋于更廣泛的社交圈。當她想要讓一個男人知道她對他很感興趣時，她會說：“嘿，我們去喝一杯酸奶吧”或“來一杯茶如何？” 可誰來買單？ 這可不如以前那么容易了，因為求愛的傳統規則正在發生重大變化。初步統計的數字也證明了這一點。眾多的青年男子說，在約會幾次后，女性應該幫著一同買單。幾乎相等百分比的女性要求自己買單，哪怕是第一次約會。但巨大的困惑仍然存在，新規則還有待澄清。我自己過去的約會教會了我一些東西。“各付各的” 或是讓我的約會對象買單可以說都是絕對的挑戰。有一個約會對象在我們第一次約會時，還沒等我提出相左的建議，就掏出了錢包。在晚餐后散步時，他告訴我他想跟我談戀愛。當我解釋我對做朋友更感興趣時，他似乎感到不快。他解釋說，因為我接受了他請我吃晚餐，所以他認為我會跟他戀愛。他似乎對請我吃飯一事很生自己的氣，而我也很后悔讓他這么做。另一個約會對象，在我急忙打開錢包掏出錢，并提出各付各的時，他皺起了眉頭。我客氣地問道：“我欠你多少錢？” 他說：“嗯，嗯，你真的不欠我什么，但如果你堅持……” 他顯得極為尷尬。對他而言，我要付錢的行動已傳達了他被拒絕的信息。在試圖搞清約會的新規則時，每個人似乎都感到困惑。誰應請誰出去？ 誰應付錢？什么時候付？ 所以，雖然我認為穿著正式地去一個傳統、正式的約會是一種樂趣，但我還是樂意去非正式的約會，因為它給我的社交生活帶來了有價值的一面。因為是非正式約會，壓力較小，且更平等。我可以送別人玫瑰，別人也可以送我！非正式約會值得去做，因為它管用。所以，我在這里等待著。沒有神奇的方案可以確保他會說“好的”。我得放松，做我自己，并用一種沒有廢話的方式邀請他出去。他終于到了。在悄悄地溜到他的書桌時，他拍拍我的肩膀，說：“嗨，早上好啊！” “早上好，”我謹慎地回答。因為緊張，我的心緊揪著，可是我征服了恐懼，問道：“嘿，這個周五下課后一起吃午餐，怎么樣？” “你的意思是期中考試后嗎？”他用難以掩飾的熱情說：“我很愿意和你一起吃午餐。” 我很激動，笑得很開心，并跟他確認：“那，我們就定了那天啦！” “好，就那樣！”他興高采烈地回答。

第三篇：大學英語精讀第二冊 Unit 10 Profits of Praise

Are we too quick to blame and slow to praise? It seems we are.Unit Ten Profits of Praise

It was the end of my exhausting first day as waitress in a busy New York restaurant.My cap had gone awry, my apron was stained, my feet ached.The loaded trays I carried felt heavier and heavier.Weary and discouraged, I didn't seem able to do anything right.As I made out a complicated check for a family with several children who had changed their ice-cream order a dozen times, I was ready to quit.Then the father smiled at me as he handed me my tip.“Well done,” he said.“You've looked after us really well.”

Suddenly my tiredness vanished.I smiled back, and later, when the manager asked me how I'd liked my first day, I said, “Fine!” Those few words of praise had changed everything.Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit;we cannot flower and grow without it.And yet, while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.Why“beautiful”even housewives.Do you ever go into a house and say, “What a tidy room”? Hardly anybody does.That's why housework is considered such a dreary grind.Comment is often made about activities which are relatively easy and satisfying, like arranging flowers;but not about jobs which are hard and dirty, like scrubbing floors.Shakespeare said, “Our praises are our wages.” Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she of all people should get her measure.Mothers know instinctively that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding.Still, we're not always as perceptive as we might be about applying the rule.One day I was criticizing my children for squabbling.“Can you never play peacefully?” I shouted.Susanna looked at me quizzically.“Of course we can,” she said.“But you don't notice us when we do.”

Teachers agree about the value of praise.One teacher writes that instead of drowning students' compositions in critical red ink, the teacher will get far more constructive results by finding one or two things which have been done better than last time, and commenting favorably on them.“I believe that a student knows when he has handed in something above his usual

standard,” writes the teacher, “and that he waits hungrily for a brief comment in the margin to show him that the teacher is aware of it, too.”

Behavioral scientists have done countless experiments to prove that any human being tends to repeat an act which has been immediately followed by a pleasant result.In one such experiment, a number of schoolchildren were divided into three groups and given arithmetic tests daily for five days.One group was consistently praised for its previous performance;another group was criticized;the third was ignored.Not surprisingly, those who were praised improved dramatically.Those who were criticized improved also, bus not so much.And the scores of the children who were ignored hardly improved at all.Interestingly the brightest children were helped just as much by criticism as by praise, but the less able children reacted badly to criticism, needed praise the most.Yet the latter are the very youngsters who, in most schools, fail to get the pat on the back.To give praise costs the giver nothing but a moment's thought and a moment's effortand yet consider the results it may produce.“I can live for two months on a good compliment,” said Mark Twain.So, let's be alert to the small excellences around us-and comment on them.We will not only bring joy into other people's lives, but also, very often, added happiness into out own.

第四篇：21世紀 大學英語讀寫教程第二冊Unit 10

Unit 10The Next 30 Years

I.Teaching Objectives

1.Understand the audio materials of this unit.2.Grasp the key words , phrases and structure.3.Master the skills of writing and reading in this unit.1)Developing prediction+illustrations passages

2)Scanning for organization in reading materials.II.Teaching Content

1.Lead-in Activities

2.Text Organization

3.Skill Learning in Writing and Reading.Language Points(key words, phrases and difficult sentences)

5.Grammar Focus(“As” used as a conjunction to mean “and so too”).Guided Practice(exercises, oral practice and group work)

III.Teaching Process

1.Warm-up Questions/Activity

1)Group Writing

looking for one aspect about the future development or problems and focusing on it and working together with the group members to write up a whole paragraph:

What will happen and what will the future be like in the next 30 years?

2)General introduction : This article looks to the future in the next 30 years.It predicts about living standards,life expectancy, lifestyle and risks and problems.The author describes a beautiful blue print passionately and imaginatively.We are lucky and happpy to enter another hitech era and enjoy the advance of technology but we also must hold a caucious attitude toward the future dangers and problems.2.Text Organization

The text can be divided into four parts:

Part I(para1-2)General introduction: Influenced by years of reading articles and books about the future, the author offers his predictions in the next 30 years.Part II(para4-14)There will be great new achievements in the next 30 years: rising living standards, increased life expectancy and better lifestyle.Part III(para16-18)Humans will also face some dangers and problems in the next 30 years: violence and environmental devastation.Part IV(para19)A conclusion—Despite the above-mentioned problems, human civilization is still making genuine progress.3.Skill Learning in Writing and Reading

1)Writing Skill: Developing prediction+illustrations passages

This kind of passage begins with general prediction, and then is supported by illustrations.Example:

The trends indicate that next semester, teachers will be better off than ever before.All of

them will receive salaries much higher than their parents and grandparents ever dreamed of.At the same time, treated with greater respect by their students, teachers around the globe will enjoy their work much more.As a result, their mental and physical health will improve.Happy and satisfied teachers will become commonplaces.2)Reading Skill: Scanning for organization in reading materials.When you’re reading a text in order to find specific information, scanning it first to get an idea of the way the text is organized can be a big help.Visual clues—things like numbers and dates;lists, sections and subtitles(小標題);dialogs, quotations and recurring phrases—are easy to see in a text, and can often give us a good picture of its organization and content before we start reading.When we read in our own language, we usually notice the visual clues automatically, without thinking about them.When you’re reading in English, paying conscious attention to visual clues before you read can improve your comprehension and make your reading more efficient.4.Language Points

1)In less than 3 years the world will reach the outstanding year 2000, and in less

than four----on January 1, 2001, to be precise-----a new millennium will begin.(para1)

outstanding: adj.striking, great

precise: adj.a)exact in form, detail, measurements, time, etc.精確的b)particular;exact;very 恰好的c)sharply clear極清楚的Example:

Now the time is about four o'clock, or to be precise, it is one minute past four.2)I am encouraged to offer my personal view of what is likely to happen in the next 30 years—a view that is heavily influenced by years of reading articles and books about the future.(para1)a view:an idea/a notion/an attitude

3)The problems and dangers now facing the world are, in my judgement, for outweighed by solutions and opportunities.(para2)

Paraphrase----In my opinion, though the world is faced with problems and dangers , what is much more important is that there are solutions to these problems and dangers as well as opportunities for solving them.In one’s judgement: in one’s opinion

Examples:

In my judgement, we should do it.In the parents’ judgement, children should be more independent.outweigh: vtbe more important than

4)It is true enough that humans have an extraordinary genius for making mistakes, but it is balanced by our strong tendency to notice and correct them.(para2)

Paraphrase----It is true , indeed, that humans are especially capable of making mistakes, but it is also true that they always tend to see the mistakes and correct them.Genius: n.special quality

Examples:

Its simplicity is the genius of the plan.Competition is the genius of market-oriented economy.balance: vt cause to be equal in importance, amount, weight, etc.;offset

tendency:n inclination;way a person or thing tends to be or behave

Examples:

He has a tendency to talk too much.Prices are showing an upward tendency.5)The trends indicate that humans will be better off economically 30 years from now than they

are today.(para4)

be better off: be in comfortable economic ciecumstance;have more money than beforeExamples:

She was much better off after she got a second job.Most people believe that people will be off in the future.6)Expertise will flow easily and cheaply to places where it is needed.Paraphrase----Special skill and knowledge will be available conveniently and at low cost to

people in different places who need it.(para4)

7)New materials will permit improvements in products ranging from refrigerators to

automobiles;…(para5)

Paraphrase----New materials will make it possible to affect improvements in a large variety

of products including refrigerators and automobiles.range from…to…: vary from…to…

8)…stocking and underwear may not wear out during the owner’s lifetime.(para5)

Paraphrase----stocking and underwear may last as long as the wearer’s life.9)Life expectancy will rise around the world,…(para7)

life expectancy: the length of time a person, animal, or plant is expected to live

Examples:

Women usually have a longer life expectancy than men.Bats have a life expectancy of around twenty years.10)Happily, increasingly sophisticated medicines and devices to assist the ill and disabled will

become available in the coming decades.(para8)

Paraphrase----Luckily, more and more advanced medicines and devices which provide

help for the ill and disabled people will be invented in the next few decades.11)…beyond the typical retirement age of 65.(para8)

Paraphrase----after they retire normally at the age of 65.the typical retirement age: the age at which most people retire

something that is typical is the most usually, or the most characteristic.Examples:

typical tropical weather

a typical mistake of Chinese students of English

12)A global culture will develop rapidly and take its pick of clothing styles, foods, drinks,games, sports and customs from countries everywhere.(para10)

take one’s pick(of): choose as one wants

Examples:

Take your pick.Choose whichever one of three styles you like.With so many houses for sale, a buyer with money can take his/her pick.13)Space-planes should be in service within the next 20 years,….(para11)

be in service: be in use;be in operation

Examples:

We need to replace the airplanes now in service with new ones.The ferryboat has been in service here for about ten years.14)We will push the frontiers of human settlement in all directions.(para13)

Paraphrase----We will expand the areas for human existence wherever possible.15)The Moon will acquire its first permanent base,…(para13)

Paraphrase----The first permanent base(for human settlement)will be set up on the Moon.16)The pace of ocean development will speed up as the seaside nations increasingly assert

their ownership of the resources off their shores.(para14)

Paraphrase----Ocean development will be quickened as the coastal nations more and

more claim their rights to the resources in waters off their coasts.speed up:(cause to)move or happen at a faster rate.Examples:

Warmth speeds up chemical reactions.Bad housing and poverty sped up the breakdown of their marriage.17)The biggest single cloud hanging over the next 30 years…(para16)

Paraphrase----The one biggest serious problen facing us over the next 30 years….18)…thousands upon thousands of others will almost certainly perish during the next 50 years

as their habitats shrink.(para18)

Paraphrase----…lots and lots of other species of animals will inevitably become extinct

during the next 50 years when their natural homes become smaller and smaller.shrink: vi.＆vt.(cause to 0)become smaller

Examples:

The world’s forests are shrinking at an alarming rate.The hot water shrink my woolen sweater.5.Grammar Focus

“As” used as a conjunction to mean “and so too”

Procedures:

1)Explains to Ss that the conjunction as ,which means “ and so too”, can be used to refer back to what has just been said in order to say that it also applies to someone or something else that follows.Examples:

The 21st century will be a century of fantastic achievements, but it may be accompanied

by horrors on an unheard-of scale, as was the 20th century with its world wars and atomic bombs.David works hard , as do my brothers.2)Put the following sentences on board;

3)Have Ss translate the Chinese into English in pairs

Peter is a high school teacher,___________（他父親退休前也是中學老師）.(as was his

father before he retired)

John likes classical music,_____________（他女朋友也喜歡古典音樂）.(as does his girl friend)

He believed ,___________（和全家一樣），that the King was their supreme lord.(as didi

the family)

She traveled a great deal, ____________（她的大多數朋友也是這樣）.(as did most of her

friends)

6.Guided Practice(exercises, oral practice and group work)

1)Summary

A)Ask several students to retell the text by using their own words.B)Talk about the main idea or theme of the text.2)Exercises

EX.II , p282(Comprehension of the Text)

EX.III, IV, p283-284(Vocabulary Revision)

EX.V,VI, p284-285(Word Building: the prefix en–, out-)

EX.XII, p285-286(Structure: “It is true that…”.)

EX.VIII, p286(Structure : “as be/will…”)

7.After-class Assignments

1)EX.IX, p286-287(Cloze)

2)EX.X, P287-288(Translation)

3)EX.XIII, Writing(Write paragraphs beginning with general predictions and supported with illustrations P290)

4)Preview text B ,(Do exercise XIV.before reading text B)

Text B Our Forecasts 30 Years Later

Language points:

1.It was packed with ideas about …(para1)

Paraphrase----It contained a lot of ideas about…

2.when it comes to foreseeing what lies ahead?(para1)

Paraphrase----speaking of predicting what will hjappen in the years to come.when it comes to(sth.): on the subject of;concerning

Example:

Joe is not good at sports, but when it comes to arithmetic he is the best in the class.3.…, I decided to evaluate the forecasts made in the February 1967 issue of The Futurist(para2)Paraphrase----I decided to find out whether the forecasts made in the February 1967 issue of The Futurist had turned out right or wrong.4.Transplants are now a standard part of medical practice and would be even more common except for the shortage of usable organs.(para10)

a standard part of medical practice:a very usual part of the business of a doctorpractice : n.business of a doctor;medical profession

5.… are used as temporary substitutes for failing natural hearts…((para10)

Paraphrase---…are used to replace human hearts that do not function properly on a short-time basis…

failing: a.weak;not effective;likely to become useless

6.The notion that cities would push higher and higher into the sky as people crowded ever more

tightly together proved quite wrong.(para14)

Paraphrase---The forecast that cities would build higher and higher buildings as more and more people poured into cities and made them more densely populated than ever before turned out to be quite wrong.7.Laws rarely barred cars from city cores, but traffic jam and high parking charges made the centers so unattractive to drivers that legal restrictions were unnecessary.(para14)

Paraphrase---Laws usually do not prohibit cars from entering city centers, but because of the slow-moving traffic and high parking fees, drivers would rather avoid entering city centers, which makes it unnecessary to enforce such lawa on them.8.Credit cards will virtually eliminate currency by 1986.(para17)

Paraphrase---Credit cards will almost replace all cash by 1986.…hunger persists in some areas(para18)

Paraphrase---people in some areas are still going hungry

10.…in terms of the large sums, cash has been losing out fast to checks and credit cards.(para18)Paraphrase---with regard to large sums of money, cash is being fast replaced by checks and credit cards.11.What once was an exotic and mysterious force…(para22)

Paraphrase---a force which was once considered fascinating and mysterious(referring to laser in the context)

12….they sometimes know what they’re talking about.(para22)

Paraphrase---They(weather forecasters)have the expertise to give fairly accurate forecasts on many occasions

know what they’re talking about: understand a subject because of one’s experience

13….the term itself was offensive to teachers and is now obsolete.(para28)

Paraphrase---the exoression “teaching machines” was displeasing to teachers and is no longer in use now

14.…the forecasters seem to have given a fairly good account of themselves.((para34)Paraphrase---The forecasters seem to have made fairly accurate predictions.15.…curing ancient ills.(para34)

Paraphrase---…solving age-old problems

第五篇：大學英語精讀第二冊 Unit 6-The Making of a Surgeon

大學英語精讀第二冊 Unit 6:The Making of a Surgeon Unit Six：The Making of a Surgeon

A famous surgeon tells about the importance of self-confidence from his own experience.The Making of a Surgeon

How does a doctor recognize the point in time when he is finally a “surgeon”? As my year as chief resident drew to a close I asked myself this question on more than one occasion.The answer, I concluded, was self-confidence.When you can say to yourself, “There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently, treat just as well as or better than any other surgeon”and I could live with it.So, once I had made a considered decision, I no longer dwelt on it.Reviewing it wasn't going to help and I knew that with my knowledge and experience, any decision I'd made was bound to be a sound one.It was a nice feeling.In the operating room I was equally confident.I knew I had the knowledge, the skill, the experience to handle any surgical situation I'd ever encounter in practice.There were no more butterflies in my stomach when I opened up an abdomen or a chest.I knew that even if the case was one in which it was impossible to anticipate the problem in advance, I could handle whatever l found.I'd sweated through my share of stab wounds of the belly, of punctured lungs, of compound fractures.I had sweated over them for five years.I didn't need to sweat any more.Nor was I afraid of making mistakes.I knew that when I was out in practice I would inevitably err at one time or another and operate on someone who didn't need surgery or sit on someone who did.Five years earlierI wouldn't have been able to live with myself if I had had to take sole responsibility for a mistake in judgment.Now I could.I still dreaded errorsbut a surgeon needs conceit.He needs it to encourage him in trying moments when he's bothered by the doubts and uncertainties that are part of the practice of medicine.He has to feel that he's as good as and probably better than any other surgeon in the world.Call it conceit-call it self-confidence;whatever it was, I had it.NEW WORDS

surgeon

n.doctor who performs operations 外科醫生

self-confidence

n.自信心

making

n.means of gaining success 成功之道

resident

n.住院醫生

conclude

vt.arrive at a belief or opinion by reasoning 得出結論

surgical

a.of, by, or for surgery 外科的；手術的competently

ad.with the necessary skill 稱職地；勝任地

competent

a.near

vt.approach;come closer to

emergency

n.sudden and dangerous happening needing immediate action 緊急情況；急癥 encounter

vt.be faced with(difficulties, danger, etc.);meet unexpectedly 遭到；意外地遇見

dread

vt.fear greatly 畏懼

critical

a.important at a time of danger and difficulty 緊要的；關鍵性的particular

a.belonging to some one person, thing, or occasion 特定的case

n.instance of disease or injury 病例

infrequently

ad.seldom;not often

relax

vi.become less tense 放松

n.residency

n.the last stage of a doctor's training at a hospital 高級專科住院實習（期）constant

a.happening all the time;unchanging 不斷的；始終如一的resolve

vt.solve 解決

resolution

n.considered

a.carefully thought out 經過深思熟慮的dwell

vi.live(in a place)居住

bound

a.very likely;certain 一定的，必然的sound

a.correct;based on good judgment 正確的，合理的confident

a.sure of oneself and one's abilities 自然的confidence

n.handle

vt.manage, deal with 處理

butterfly

n.蝴蝶

abdomen

n.belly 腹（部）

anticipate

vt.see beforehand 預期

anticipation

n.sweat

n.汗

vi.流汗

stab

n.thrust made with a pointed weapon 刺；戳

belly

n.肚，腹部

puncture

vt.make a small hole in(sth.)with sth.pointed 刺穿

compound

a.having more than one part 復合的n.break in a bone 骨折

compound

n.復合性骨折

inevitably

ad.unavoidably 不可避免地

inevitable

a.err

vi.make mistakes;do wrong

operate

vi.perform a surgical operation 動手術

surgery

n.外科；外科手術

sole

a.unshared;one and only 唯一的responsibility

n.責任；責任心

avoid

vt.escape;keep or get away from 避免

conceited

a.having too high an opinion of oneself 自負的conceit

n.too high an opinion of oneself

trying

a.hard to endure or bear;very difficult 難受的；惱人的bother

vt.annoy, trouble 煩擾，麻煩

uncertainty

n.uncertain condition;doubtPHRASES & EXPRESSIONS

draw to a close

come to an end 結束

live with

learn to accept(sth.unpleasant);tolerate 學會；適應；容忍

dwell on

think, write, or speak a lot about 老是想著；詳述；強調

(be)bound to(do)

(be)certain to(do)一定..., 必然...in practice

(醫師,律師等)在開業中;在實踐中

butterflies in the stomach

feelings of nervousness 忐忑不安

cut open 切開,給...開刀

in advance

ahead of time 預先,事前

at one time or another

sometime or other 早晚

sit on

delay taking action on;do nothing about 拖延;擱置

PROPER NAMES

Nolen

諾蘭(姓氏)

Walt

沃爾特(男子名 Walter 的昵稱)

Larry

拉里(男子 Lawrence 的昵稱)