第一篇：楊瀾北大演講

楊瀾北大演講

個人的成長需要尋找三個坐標

在我來之前，曾委托院方向同學們征集問題，楊瀾北大演講。我注意到大家都希望我來談談“如何成功?”這個問題。說實在的，這個題目，讓我感覺很惶恐。首先現代社會的多元化，對于什么是成功，沒有一個統一的說法。我不敢肯定自己是不是成功。因為一個人的成功與否更多的是你周圍的人對你的評價和判斷。正如古人所說：是非審之于己，毀譽聽之于人。的確，毀譽就不是自己能說了算的。再者我認為所謂的成功，在很大程度上取決于機遇，外界的環境等等的影響，很難在人與人之間進行一種簡單的復制。甚至可以說，成功是難以把握的。成功是一種結果，而今天，我更想談一談這個過程，也就是成長。對于我來說，我有一個很深的體會就是：人生在世，你唯一能夠有把握的也就是成長。因此，我把“成長：你唯一的把握”作為今天與大家交流的題目。

什么是個人的成長?我覺得我做了母親以后，我對成長有了一個更新的認識。有一次，我女兒幼兒園的老師給孩子們出了一道題：“如果世界上只有一種顏色…….”讓孩子們自己來回答。有的小朋友說：“如果只有一種顏色，就不可能有彩虹了。”有的小朋友說：“我最喜歡粉紅色，如果只有一種顏色，我希望是粉紅色。” …….我注意到我女兒的回答，她對老師說：“如果只有一種顏色，那么連白天和黑夜都沒有。”所以，我覺得一個孩子的成長，就是他對外部世界的不斷探索和認知的過程。

那么對于一個成年人來講，什么是一個人的成長?以前的儒家思想要求人成長的軌跡是：修身、齊家、治國、平天下。而哲學家羅素則認為，人的成長要遇到三個方面的矛盾：一是人與自然環境的矛盾，二是人與社會，也就是人與人的矛盾，三是人與自己的矛盾。我覺得，人的成長過程實際上就是不斷地尋找自己人生坐標的過程。人從小到大，視野不斷開闊、知識不斷豐富、經驗不斷積累，從而越來越深刻地認識自己，同時也在認識周圍世界，我想恐怕這就是人的成長過程了。人的成長路徑不同，人生追求也千差萬別，無論成功與否，人的最終歸宿大致是相同的。而區別就在于每個人所走過的道路不同，每個人對自己人生的了解程度和自己內心的真實體驗是不可復制的。人的成長就是要不斷地突破自己的小環境，而進入一個更廣闊世界的過程。這種突破，不僅要突破物理空間的界限，也要突破心靈空間的界限。

然而，對于個人的成長，什么是最重要呢?每個人可能側重不同，而我今天還是想就這三個方面：人與外部世界、人與人、人與自己來談。我覺得對于人的成長，要是尋找坐標的話，應該去尋找以下三個坐標：一是時代的坐標、二是與別人比較，你的比較優勢是什么?三是自己內心的坐標。

個人的成長需要尋找時代的坐標

先來說說時代的坐標，今天我們在座的一位主任的兒子18歲，要考大學了。雖然，高考對我來說，已經過去了許多年。但現在想起來，還是有一種膽戰心驚的感覺。在座的各位也都是經過高考的鏖戰了。記得當時要考大學了，我不知道自己要學什么。我想去學電影導演，而我父親不愿我去從事藝術。我對社會學、歷史學感興趣，想去學歷史。我父親就問我：那你畢業后，打算去做什么工作呀?經過許多的猶豫和彷徨之后，我父親最終幫我做了一個決定。他說：你還是去學英語吧。中國正在改革開放，正在逐漸與世界融合。無論將來在哪個領域，英語都會成為一個有用的工具。而且等到你再成熟一點之后，還可以有進一步選擇的自由。這樣，當時我就選擇了去北外學英語。但是我越來越感覺到，外語絕對不僅僅是一種工具，她讓你得到了一種新的思維方式，甚至是讓你進入了一個新的世界。

我在接到這次演講的邀請后，對自己的職業生涯進行了一下梳理。發現其實我一直在做的就是一件事：做一個溝通者，一個中國文化與外部世界的一個溝通者。如果大家還記得《正大綜藝》的話，就會對90年代初的中國社會有一個大致的認識。也許那時大家都還校那個時候，決大多數的國人都沒出過國。但是看看現在發展多快啊!正如余華在《兄弟》一書的最后所說：別的國家四百年的經歷，我們卻在四十年就全部經歷了，這是一個被壓縮的歷史過程。那么這個過程當中，人們對外部世界的需求，就不僅僅是《正大綜藝》時，那些走馬觀花啊，去看看人家廚房是什么樣子?去看看人家在吃什么、穿什么?而更多的是對外部世界一種更深層次的需求。那么在這個時候，我開始從做旅游類、綜藝類的節目去開始做人物的訪談。從98年到現在，我已做過四百多位國際知名人士的訪問了。我想這個過程也是中國不斷加深了她與世界的融合程度，也是西方世界和外部世界對中國逐漸加深了解的過程。這一過程其實在我的節目中也能反映出來。

說到英語，還有一個小插曲，當時，我在考《正大綜藝》時，雖然我既不是廣院，也不是藝術院校畢業的，但卻占了一個便宜。就是當時制片方要找一個懂點英語的主持人。經過了七輪的競爭，到進入最后一輪決賽時，就剩下我和另外一個女孩子了。要求我們在門口準備五分鐘，準備用英語介紹自己和講講為什么喜歡這個節目。若干年后，當時的制片人，也就是對我有知遇之恩的辛少英導演與別人談起那段往事。說：當時楊瀾給我留下一個很深的印象的就是，雖然當時每個女孩子非常希望自己得到那個主持人的位置，而且每個人只有三分鐘的時間準備，但我路過時，發現楊瀾還在輔導另外那個女孩子的英文。所以當時就覺得這個女孩很特別。其實當時我很自信，心想，我是學英語出身，別人在英語上有些地方沒搞清楚，我就幫她準備幾句。所以這些年來回頭看看，我非常感謝父親當年為我作出的這個決定。因此英語對我而言，不僅僅是個工具。利用它，我不僅可以做采訪，搜集更多的資料，更讓我進入一種文化的比較，對于不同世界的一種比較。

這種體驗在我代表北京做奧運陳述時，感覺尤其強烈。記得當時在莫斯科，那天中午大家都比較緊張。雖然大家都覺得很有希望，但總怕有什么閃失。后來許多人問我，楊瀾你當時緊張不緊張?說實在的，我只是在進入大廳前，有點緊張，手心有點冷汗，但當何振梁先生宣布，該我做陳述了，我突然感覺特別放松，這我在做主持都很少見。當然，我也是嘟囔很多遍了，準備的應該沒問題了。更重要的是，我覺得我不是一個人在這兒說，也不等待他們對我的評價，而是我有話要告訴對方，而且這對于他們很重要。所以也就是這一心態，把緊張、生怕自己出錯、患得患失這些，給壓過去了。專心于把我們想說的話，傳遞給了這個世界。

尋找時代的坐標需要了解時代的特征

既然我們要尋找這個時代的特征，那么這個時代有什么特征呢?我覺得有三點。

1.世界越來越變得扁平化了：

有一個叫托馬斯·弗里德曼的人寫了一本書，名字是《World is flat》(世界是平的)。書中講了三次全球化浪潮：第一次是哥倫布發現新大陸，是以國家為單位的全球化擴張時期，在全球范圍內攝取生產資料和市場;第二次是從美國經濟大蕭條、一戰和二戰開始，是跨國公司為單位的全球化擴張時期，也是為獲取生產資料和市場;第三次是隨著互聯網技術的應用，以個人為單位開始進行全球性伸展的時代。也就是說，你學的可能是很冷僻的印度梵文，卻能在德國找到知音，并通過互聯網結成網上的社區。還比如，過去美國中學生的足球比賽，大眾傳媒是不可能轉播的，而現在通過網上IpTV就可以轉播。通過互聯網，使能幾百萬人同時觀看這一比賽。越來越多的，以個人為單位，你可以在全球范圍內，攝取你所要的信息和服務。給予個人很多權利，英文叫Empowerment，賦予個人更多能力的時代。我采訪過E-Bay的總裁惠特曼，她被評為世界上最有權力的女性。因為E-Bay主導了大量的網上交易。我當時問她：對于這一稱謂，是否感到開心?她是怎樣理解權力的?她說：實際上，權力給人的印象一直不太好，權力被認為是控制別人的一種力量。但是她認為：在新的網絡時代，權力不再意味著控制。因為E-BAY不可能控制網上的交易者。她的權力是體現在能夠幫助許多人成功。比如說幫助一些身體有殘疾，不能正常工作的人，在自己的家里開一個小店，通過網上交易，實現正常的收入，過上了比較富裕的生活。所以在網絡時代，并不是說，讓你干什么或不讓你干什么，而是能幫你干什么，這可能是與以往世界有很大不同的一點。

2.需要想象力和創新的時代：

過去我們談到知識產權，總覺得是美國人、歐洲人給了我們很大的壓力，才要保護知識產權。但現在，無論政府還是民間，都認識到保護知識產權就是在鼓勵創新。我們不僅希望全世界的很多產品都是Made in China，更希望是Created in China(中國原創)。這種創造力遠比單純的制造,更能保證一個國家的長期發展。愛因斯坦說：想象力比知識更重要。無論是在大家熟悉的醫學領域、其它科學領域、人文領域，很多重大的發明和發現，最初都是由一個假想開始的。剛才還在和韓院士和劉博士探討醫學需要不需要想象力。按說對人的身體總不能亂想吧，但是象幽門桿菌與胃潰瘍的關系，基因螺旋體的構想，也都是來自想象力。一個外國教授曾說過，如果給中國學生一個假想，他們會做出很好的推論，但卻不是假想的提出者。但我想隨著教育體制和社會氛圍的變化，會有越來越多的中國人提出假想，并得以求證。

剛才大家也看到了，就是我今年開始做的一本用我的名字命名的電子雜志。是針對城市職業女性的一本女性雜志。這本雜志在短短的三四個月，從第三期開始，就突破了每期100萬的下載量。到第八期和第九期，下載量已經突破了200萬份。這對于我們做傳媒的人來說，就是創新。因為在過去，報紙就是報紙，雜志就是雜志，電視就是電視。而現在通過這本電子雜志，我們可以把視頻、電腦動畫、互動問卷等所有有趣的東西，都結合進來。那個感覺，用我們一位主編的話，就象每天在編哈里波特的雜志。這無論對我們傳媒人還是受眾，都是一種新鮮的刺激。對于社會來說，我們希望我們的社會能減少創新的成本，而增加創新的回報。

3.時代的第三個特點就是邊界不斷被沖破，而走向融合：

一星期前，我在北京接待了一個朋友的朋友，他是洛杉磯西奈山醫院的醫療部主任，這家醫院是好萊塢最高檔的一家醫院。我問他來做什么?他說是來發展業務。我就問他來中國發展什么業務?他說：我知道中國的醫生醫術都很高明，而我們可以提供一些高端復雜的醫療技術，比如腦部手術的服務。也就是說，他是來中國發展病人的。過去醫院都是比較Local的，地方性的。而現在通過網絡，可以進行網上會診，遠程臨床的講解等等，這都是很大的突破。再有，我采訪過一些艾滋病的專家，他們說以前只是要了解疾病本身的原因，針對原因治療就行了。而現在在艾滋病的治療中，必須學習臨床心理學。因為這些病人往往承受很大的社會壓力和心理負擔。如果從心理上不對這些病人進行疏導，治療效果也不能得到充分的體現。所以在醫學領域，這種跨界的學習和交流越來越多了，越來越把人作為一個整體來看。五一期間，我去了敦煌，感覺到那里的大唐氣象，即使是在一千年后，也給人以震撼。不僅是那些繪畫的生動和顏色依然保持那樣的鮮艷，而是儒、道、釋三種文化的交融，人物神態的生動，服飾的多樣，讓你感到，盛唐氣象實際是一種文化融合的現象。有幅壁畫給我印象很深，畫的是許多穿著華貴衣服的仕女。經講解，知道畫的是那時當地一位節度使的家眷。這個節度使家族一代一代，在當地統治了百余年。那么他是怎樣保持地方的穩定，和文化的融合呢?他是靠聯姻的方式，兒子迎娶當時西域各國的公主，又把女兒嫁給各國的君主、王子。通過血液的融合，而達到了一個地區政治、經濟的相對穩定，也保證了當地文化的繁榮。今天再依靠這種血緣關系，恐怕就很難實現。而我們更需要的是文化的融通。雖然現在具備了技術上的條件，但大家并不是都準備好了。比如語言就是一個很大的問題。也是五一期間，我陪幾位美國朋友先去敦煌，后又去麗江。到了麗江，一位美國朋友要等一個傳真，就和酒店的服務生說：我要我的FAX，演講稿《楊瀾北大演講》。大概是服務生的語言沒有過關，所以一開始沒明白什么意思，后來突然恍然大悟，說：我知道老外要什么了，他要Sex。就在他的房間里放了一些避-孕-套，弄得我這位朋友哭笑不得。(全場大笑)。所以說語言是很大的問題。特別是2008奧運會臨近了，我一點不擔心場館的建設，交通、空氣啊，我想這些都會管理的很好。但語言會有問題。并不是每個人會說Hello，Good-bay就行了，而需要更深層次的交流。再有，就是思維方式的不同。比如說我剛去美國的時候，有點不習慣，就是我們在國內，向外國介紹中國的時候，總是說中國有四大發明，有老子、孔子、孟子等，用這些來說明我們的文化。但我發現其實這很難說清楚。因為在國際通用的語言里，并沒有四大發明這個固定詞組。而其它重大的技術發明和科學原理的發現，還有很多，如果你給人講，我們的孔子是如何重視禮，如何重視仁，如何普及了教育和文化。那么人家看到一個隨地吐痰的中國人，在公共場合大聲喧嘩的中國人和在聽音樂會時不關手機的中國人，恐怕給人家講多少遍孔子和孟子也沒用。據統計文化一共有183種定義。其中有物質生活層面的，象景德鎮的瓷器;有精神生活層面的，象我們的昆曲、京劇，武術。而更重要的，也是更直觀的，應該是生活方式和思維方式這個層面的。前不久，看了新聞，由斯皮爾伯格擔任顧問，張藝謀、陳維亞擔任導演的奧運會開、閉幕式的創作班底已經組成。我想他們遇到的最大的問題，并不是怎樣展示一個正在騰飛的中國的氣象，這并不難。展示古老文明的悠久也不難。最難的是，怎樣讓人家心動起來。不是說一萬人的震耳欲聾的安塞鑼鼓，就能打動人。而是現在的中國有什么能感動人。我覺得如果能做到這一點，東西方文明才真正達成一種交流。剛才說的是在我們這個時代的層面里，大家都可以試著找找自己的定位。無論是中國與世界的融合;還是自己學術和專業領域的創新;還是通過信息技術，擴大自己知識搜索和捕捉的范圍，這些都會對個人的成長有很大的好處。就個人的品質而言，逆流而上固然是令人欽佩的，但是，我覺得我們每個人還是很渺小的，當我們設計自己的成長之路時，我們還是要順應時代的潮流，借潮流之勢，推動自己事業的發展。

個人的成長需要找到自己的比較優勢

人與人雖然沒有優劣之分，但卻有很大不同。一次參加一個論壇，有位教授說了一個觀點：一個人不需要每件事都做的好。其實只要一件事做的好，你就有下一次機會。我覺得很有道理。象我遇到很多做記者的同行，他們說：楊瀾你多幸運，能采訪那么多國家元首和政府首腦，我們都沒有這個機會。而我其實是從采訪一個區長開始的。所以要是區長沒采訪好，就不要去采訪市長;市長沒采訪好，就不要采訪部長;等部長采訪好了，再想副總理、總理、總統。

對于醫學，我不是很懂，但我也了解到，也有這種比較優勢存在。有的醫學生，在學校理論學的很好，但手比較笨，所以在臨床上就不適合做外科醫生。有的理論學的不是很精專，但手很靈巧，就可以成為外科的“一把刀“。這就是每個人有不同的比較優勢。

一般來講，一個人剛剛大學畢業，走上工作崗位的時候，容易產生這種思想：我一定要做一項很有意義的工作，或者我很有興趣的工作。其實根本不用著急。可以先做一些看上去“大材小用”，或者完全事務性的工作。但如果你能在這件工作上做得比別人好一點點，不需要很多，你就有下一次機會去做更大的事。但如果你什么都不做，停在那兒抱怨：我在其它方面還比他們強呢。那根本沒用，這個世界沒有人想聽這樣的話。大家只關注你做事的結果。所以你只要在某一方面，比別人好一點點，你就有成長的機會。

兩年前，當時的俄羅斯總理卡西亞諾夫來中國訪問，只停留兩天，就接受了一個采訪，就是我的采訪。應該說，作為民間的傳媒機構，能得到這樣的機會很難。所以我很好奇，問他為什么會接受我的采訪?他的隨行人員告訴我：很有意思，是因為在這之前，我采訪過他的副總理。副總理告訴他：如果你去中國，應該接受這個女記者的采訪，她提的問題很有水平。我聽了之后很高興。但是我想說，這種口口相傳，千萬不要小看。你做的每件事都會對你今后的成長產生影響。希望更多的是正面的影響而不是負面的影響。

為什么當時我會離開《正大綜藝》?這是不斷有人問我的問題。我不知道是否說清楚了，激流勇退也好，有學習的精神也好，這都不是問題的實質。實質是，我覺得我不擅長做綜藝節目。我既不會唱歌，也不會跳舞，更不會演小品。只有一次和趙忠祥老師合作演魔術，叫什么大變活人。還沒走出去呢，就讓別人認出來了。魔術的效果一點沒有。所以我想，我真是沒有什么藝術天才。我還是老老實實做自己能做好的事。我什么事情做的好呢?也許從小受家庭影響，我還比較喜歡讀書，還有學習的能力。所以日后開始做訪談節目，每次我都是堅持盡可能得閱讀相關的資料，看所有的東西。按別人的說法：這很笨，主持人就是靠口才好，現場反應快就行了。我恰恰認為不是這樣。拿我做訪談節目來說，你事先準備的程度和你做出的節目的效果完全是成正比的。

我還記得我第一次采訪基辛格博士，那時我還在美國留學，剛剛開始做訪談節目，特別沒有經驗。問的問題都是東一榔頭，西一棒子的，比如問：那時周總理請你吃北京烤鴨，你吃了幾只啊?(全場笑)。你一生處理了很多重大的外交事件，你最驕傲的是什么?這類問題。當然我也在電視上看過別人問這類問題。凡是問這類問題，就是事先沒做準備。后來在中美建交三十周年時，我再次采訪了基辛格博士。那時我就知道再也不能問北京烤鴨這類問題了。雖然只有半小時，我們的團隊把所有有關的資料都搜集了，從他在哈佛當教授時的論文、演講，到他的傳記，有這么厚厚的一摞，還有七本書。都看完了，我也暈了，記不清看的什么。雖然采訪只有27分鐘，但非常有效。真是準備了一桶水，最后只用了一滴。但是你這些知識的儲備，都能使你在現場把握住問題的走向。記得我問他的最后一個問題是：這是一個全球化的時代，有很多共贏和合作的機會，但也出現了宗教的、種族的、文化的強烈沖突，你認為我們這個世界到底往哪去?和平在多長時間內是有可能的?他就直起身說，你問了一個非常好的問題。隨即闡述了一個他對和平的理解：和平不是一個絕對的和平，而是不同的勢力在沖突和較量中所達到的一個短暫的平衡狀態。把他外交的理念與當今的世界包括中東的局勢結合，做一番分析和解說。這個采訪做完，很多外交方面的專家認為很有深度。雖然我看了那么多資料，可能能用上的也就一兩個問題，但事先準備絕對是有用的。所以我一直認為要做功課。我不是一個特別聰明的人，但是一個還算勤奮的人。通過做功課來彌補自己的不足。

作為記者和訪談節目的主持人，我也許還有一個比較優勢，就是容易和別人交流。96年我在美國與東方衛視合作一個節目叫《楊瀾視線》介紹百老匯的歌舞劇和美國的一些社會問題。其中有一集就是關于肥胖的問題。一位體重在三百公斤以上的女士，接受了我的采訪。大家可以想象，一般的椅子她坐不下，寬度不夠，我就找來另外的椅子，親自搬來，請她坐下，與她交談。最后她說：我一直不知道中國的記者采訪會是什么樣?但我很愿意接受你的采訪。我就問她為什么?她說別的記者來采訪，都是帶著事先準備的題目，在我這挖幾句話，去填進他們的文章里。而你是真正對我有興趣的。這句話給我的印象很深。所以在鏡頭面前也好，在與人交流時也好，你對對方是否有興趣，對方是完全可以察覺的。你的一舉一動、你的眼神都在建立一個氣場，所以我能建立這樣一個氣場，就適合做訪談節目。

去年年底，采訪馬來西亞巴達維總理。我們事先研究資料時發現，那年他的妻子剛剛去世，就想是不是應該問一問這方面的問題?因為他們感情很好。但坐在你對面的畢竟是一個總理，一上來就問人家妻子去世的事，很唐突，也不禮貌。在談完了許多政治方面的話題之后，就想怎樣讓他自己把這個問題談出來。所以我就決定這樣問他：在過去的2005年發生了很多事，但對你影響最大的事情是什么?他就說，對我來說，2005年是哀痛的一年，因為我妻子去世了。一直講了十幾分鐘的時間，將他和他妻子的感情，她最后的日子，講的非常好。采訪結束后，他的新聞秘書就說，你們中國記者真有本事，因為我們的總理在公共場合從來不談個人生活。我估計是我的氣場把他罩住了。

所以這是我對自己的比較優勢的一個挖掘。其實你們在座的各位都有自己的比較優勢。可以考慮考慮這個問題。當然這不會一開始就知道，只能通過嘗試做不同的事情才知道。對于我來說，我已經做電視，做了十七年，中間也經歷了許多挫折。比較大的，大家可能也知道，就是2000年在香港創辦陽光衛視，雖然當時是抱著一個人文理想在做這件事，至今我也沒后悔，但由于商業模式和現有的市場規則不是很符合，確實經歷了許多商業上的挫折。這讓我很苦惱，因為我覺得自己已經這么努力了。甚至懷孕的時侯，還在進行商業談判。從小到大，我所接受的教育就是：只要你足夠努力，你就會成功。但后來發現不是這樣。如果一開始，你的策略，你的定位有偏差的話，你無論怎樣努力也是不能成功的。

后來我去上海的中歐商學院進修CEO課程，一個老師講到一個商人和一個士兵的區別;士兵是接到一個命令，哪怕打到最后一發子彈，犧牲了，也要堅守陣地。而商人在好象是在一個大廳，隨時要注意哪個門能開，我就從哪出去。一直在尋找流動的機會，并不斷進出，來獲取最大的商業利益。所以聽完，我就心中有數了--我自己不是做商人的料。雖然可以很勤奮的去做，但從骨子里，這不是我的比較優勢。在我職業生涯的前十五年，我都是一直在做加法，做了主持人，我就要求導演：是不是我可以自己來寫臺詞。寫了臺詞，就問導演：可不可以我自己做一次編輯?做完編輯，就問主任：可不可以讓我做一次制片人?做了制片人，就想：我能不能同時負責幾個節目。負責了幾個節目后，就想能不能辦個頻道?人生中一直在做加法，加到陽光衛視，我知道了，人生中，你的比較優勢可能只有一項或兩項。

在做完一系列的加法后，我想該開始做減法了。因為我覺得我需要有一個平衡的生活。我不能這樣瘋狂的工作下去。所以就開始做減法。那么今天我想把自己定位于：一個懂得市場規律的文化人，一個懂得和世界交流的文化人。在做好主持人工作的同時，希望能夠從事更多的社會公益方面的活動。所以可能在失敗中更能認識自己的比較優勢。當然我也希望大家付出的代價不要太大，就能了解自己的比較優勢和缺陷所在。

個人的成長需要明確人與自己的關系

經常有人說，這個人有多重性格，其實我們每個人都有多重性格。總保持一致，不出現混亂，那我們就是神仙，不是人了。但是否可以通過成長，追求一個相對完整的人格呢?我認為是是可以有這樣的機會的。雖然對于教育改革，大家都有不同的想法：說分數教育不好了，我們要進行素質教育，而素質教育后來又變成了學鋼琴，學畫畫等技能的培養。但這是不是培養了想象力和創造力，也未見得。我覺得最欠缺的，從幼兒園開始，應該提到議事日程上的，是人格教育。、你在世界的很多地方都會聽到一個詞是INTEGRETY，這個詞就是指人格的完整性。作為人應該有尊嚴，有行為的準則，這恰恰是我們教育中所欠缺的部分。其實大家都應該有這樣的體會：無論人成功與否，人最大的快樂和痛苦都是來自精神層面的。

記得采訪1998年諾貝爾化學獎獲得者、美籍華人崔琦，是在普林斯頓大學。他講到：自己出生在河南最貧窮的農村，十幾歲前從未讀過書，只是在家放豬。這時有了一個機會，可以出外讀書，他母親把家里僅有的面粉做了幾個饅頭，給他帶上。跟他說：你要出去好好讀書，只有這樣才有前途。當時他還不太愿意出去，就問他媽媽：什么時候可以回來?他媽媽說：到秋收，你就能回來看我們了。這樣他就和一個遠房親戚走了。可沒想到，之后的戰亂讓他這一走，就再也沒能回來，再也沒見到他的父母。談到這里，我問：“如果當年你媽媽不堅持把你送走，今天的崔琦又會怎樣呢?其實我的問題是有誘導性的，我想讓他說，人如果人不接受教育，會依舊很貧困這類的話。崔琦的回答大大出乎我的意料：“我其實并不在乎，如果我留在農村，也許我的父母就不會餓死。”因為他的父母是在五十年代末，活活餓死的。他的話給我很大的震撼。我在其它場合也經常說起這個故事。

雖然我是1998年采訪他的，過了這么多年，至今有人問我采訪了這么多人，給我印象最深的是誰時，我仍然是說他。諾貝爾獎算不算成功，應該算成功，對許多人都是終生難以企及的。但在親情和人的倫理面前，相對于人的生命，就不那么重要了。所以我前面說，我們的時代是一個鼓勵和刺激每個人要去追求成功的時代。但在成功之上，是不是還有些其它的東西，比如人格，是人生更重要的基礎和基石。

另外一個給我印象很深的采訪就是采訪王光美女士。以前她給我的印象就是一個老革命。其實大家不知道，她是我國第一位核物理專業的女碩士。而且現在大家想得到的機會，當時她都有，出國留學、全額獎學金等等。但是作為當時一個有理想的年輕人，她有自己的追求，就毅然去了延安。后來的故事大家都知道了。但給我印象最深的是在特殊的年代中。大家可以想象當時她所經歷的壓力，那是一種排山倒海一樣的，能把個人撕碎和吞噬掉的壓力。但她并沒有背叛自己的丈夫。她講到，當時劉少奇被批斗，她也在旁邊陪斗。有一次批斗會，劉少奇在一個舞臺的中間，被揪打得很厲害。她不顧一切地就跑過去，拉著他的手，和他一起挨斗。這絕對不是一般人能做到的。但最讓我感動的還不是她在巨大的災難中所表現的原則和對自己感情的忠實。而是在特殊的年代過去之后，她給我講到：當時她身邊有個工作人員，教她小女兒唱打-倒她爸爸媽媽的歌謠，并慫恿女兒當著王光美的面唱。可以想象這種設計是非常刻薄和陰毒的。我就問她：你后來找到這個人了嗎?她說：我不想知道。我要是想知道，這個人會倒霉的。所以我根本不去問，不去調查這件事。因此，她也是給我極大震撼的采訪人物;在受到了一個巨大的不公之后，能去寬恕，不去追究，我認為這不是一般人能達到的境界。這些心靈的震撼和撞擊，包括對我的人生觀，都產生過一些非常大的影響。

毋庸質疑，我們現在這個社會是個繁榮的，一切都在建設當中，是有很多的希望。人家有美國夢，我們也可以有中國夢的，這樣一個時代。諸位都有很好的前景。但是目前也有著巨大的生存壓力，許多人是缺乏安全感的和心理平衡的。從醫學上講，恐怕也是誘發許多疾病的深層次原因。培養人格，我覺得特別是學醫的人，在這方面的文化背景和熏陶中有著特別強烈的切合點。如果我們說以人為本，沒有什么比醫生更要以人為本了。醫學在中國古代被稱作“仁術”。

對于醫生人格的培養，被希波克拉底和孫思邈都演繹得淋漓盡致了。大家恐怕早已知道，我在這里是班門弄斧了，不過當我查到孫思邈的《大醫精誠》里的一段話，仍然特別感動：“凡大醫治病，必當安神定志，無欲無求，先發大慈惻隱之心，誓愿普求含靈之苦。若有疾厄來求救者，不得問其貴賤貧富，長幼妍蚩，怨親善友，華夷愚智，普同一等，皆如至親之想，亦不得瞻前顧后，自慮吉兇，護惜身命。見彼苦惱，若己有之，深心凄愴，勿避險希、晝夜、寒暑、饑渴、疲勞，一心赴救，無作功夫形跡之心。如此可為蒼生大醫” 我覺得凡人成佛了也不過如此了。但是我想他為醫生提出了一個極高的人格和道德要求，不用我贅言，大家都有這種心情的感應。這樣真正的以人為本的精神，對于我們今天的社會，繁榮，些許有些嘈雜和混亂的社會非常有意義。

我們希望看到是一個有愛心的、和-諧的社會。當然這里也會有一些不和-諧的聲音。我也在博客上寫了：在這世界上，并非人人都有，被稱為心的東西。那是因為前些天，看到深圳的歌手叢飛生前幫助了300多位貧困的學生來求學，但是當他去世后，有人采訪這些學生的時候，有的學生就說：我怎么知道他有什么目的呢?有記者問：叢飛去世時家庭生活也很拮據，如果當時你知道，會幫助他嗎?請注意，記者問的是你當時知道的話，完全是個假設，因為他已不在人世了。得到的回答是：我怎么幫他，我一月才掙三四千。說得非常理直氣壯。請注意說這些話的，都是曾接受過他幫助的人。所以作為旁觀者都覺得很寒心，我們這個社會真是什么地方搞錯了。

第二篇：楊瀾TED演講

楊瀾TED演講：重塑中國的年輕一代 講義

Yang Lan, born in 1968 in Beijing, who holds a master's degree from Columbia University in the United States, is one of China's 50 most successful entrepreneurs and probably China's wealthiest self-made woman.Yang Lan was 21 in her last year at the Beijing Foreign Studies University in 1990 when she auditioned for – and won--the position of host of the Zheng Da variety show on China Central Television.Within a year Zheng Da, a prime-time-Saturday celebrity quiz and talk show, was China's top-rated TV program, with an audience of 220 million.Despite her celebrity, Yang Lan quit the show after four years to go to New York where she spent two years earning a master's degree at Columbia University's School of International & Public Affairs.Yang's TV skills are matched by a keen mind for business.In 1999, with her husband, Bruno Wu Zheng, she started her own media company, Sun Television Cyber networks(Sun TV).Traded on the Hong Kong stock exchange since last April, Sun TV was valued at $179 million on Nov.3.Yang owns 35%, worth $63 million.Yang's mother was an engineer, and her father taught English literature at Beijing Foreign Studies University and sometimes served as the official translator for former Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai.Yang Lan was appointed one of the image ambassadors of Beijing in its 2008 bid in January, joining Deng Yaping and two other Chinese women to be so honored: Gong Li, the film actress, and Sang Lan, the gymnast who was paralyzed in 1998 as she represented China at the Goodwill Game in the United States.Key words：

1.heading for 去...2.performing guest表演嘉賓3.vendor 小販

4.hilarious 滑稽的5.belonged to otherness 屬于少數

6.historic transformation 歷史變革 7.Interrogate面試審問

8.Summon the courage 鼓起勇氣 9.poise 穩定10.set my foot in步入

11.audition 試鏡 12.supportive服從的 13.bidding for 申辦14.vice versa反之一樣

15.the Chamber of Commerce商會 16.stepped on a sensitive nerve觸動敏感神經

17.turmoil混亂焦慮 18.credibility可信性 19.controversy was so heated 爭議發酵

20.subdivision分支 21.the public still doesn’t buy it公眾不買賬 22.boom 快速增長

23.selected abortion 選擇性墮胎 24.favored boys to girls重男輕女

25.pose a potential danger to the society給社會帶來不穩定因素

26.illiteracy rate文盲率 27.life expectancy人均壽命 28.tribe of ants蟻族

29.Skyrocketing猛漲的 30.migrant workers農民工 31.sense of belonging歸屬感

32.Vulnerable脆弱的 33.appalling incident駭人聽聞的事件

34.contagious disease傳染病 35.outcry from society 社會呼吁 36.resentment 憤恨

37.accusations of corruption 腐敗指控 38.backdoor dealings走后門

39.unrest 不穩定 40.accountability責任性 41.massive urbanization急速城鎮化

42.forced demolition of private property強制拆遷私人住戶

43.set themselves on fire to protest自焚方式來抗議

44.cooking oil from restaurant slop地溝油 45.commitment 承諾

46.keep sustainability and stability保持穩定性和可持續性發展

第三篇：楊瀾申奧演講

楊瀾申奧演講稿

Mr.President, Ladies and Gentlemen,Good afternoon!

主席先生，各位來賓，大家午安！

Before I introduce our cultural programs, I want to tell you one thing first about 2008.You're going to have a great time in Beijing.在我介紹我們的文化節目，首先我要告訴你一件有關于2008的事，你將在北京度過一段美好的時光。

Many people are fascinated by Chin’s its sport legends in history.For example ,Back to Song Dynasty, about（which was）the 11th century, people our country

started to play a game called Cuju, which is regarded as the origin of ancient football.The game was so popular and women were also participating.Now, you will understand why our women football team is so well today.中國有自己的體育傳奇。回到宋代，大約11世紀，人們開始玩一個叫蹴鞠的游戲，這被看作是足球古老的起源。這個游戲很受歡迎，婦女也來參加。現在，你就會明白，為什么我們的女子足球隊這么厲害了。

There are a lot more wonderful and exciting events waiting for you in the New Beijing, a modern metropolis with 3,000 years of cultural treasures woven（紡織的）into the urban tapestry(城市的織錦畫).Along with the iconic imagery of the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven and the Great Wall, the city also offers an endless mixture of theatres, museums, discos, all kinds of restaurants and shopping malls which will amaze u and delight you.還有更多精彩的事物在等著你。在新北京，一個充滿活力的現代化大都市，交織3000年的文化寶藏的城市面貌，伴隨著象征意象的紫禁城、天壇、萬里 長城正在向您展開，這個城市有著多樣的的影院、博物館、舞廳、各種餐館和購物中心，正在讓您感到驚喜與興奮。

But beyond all that, it is a city of millions of friendly people who love to meet people from around the world.They believe that the 2008 Olympics held in Beijing , it will help to enhance the harmony between our culture and the diverse cultures of the world, and guarantee their gratitude(感恩)will pour out(傾訴)in open expressions of affection for you and the great Movement that you guide.但除此之外，它是一個深受幾百萬喜愛，可以滿足來自全世界的人的城市。北京人民相信，2008年北京奧運會將有助提升中國與中國香港的和諧,我們的文化會與世界多元文化相互交融。他們會公開表達對奧運的期盼之情了，你可以見證你和偉大的運動間的文化交流。

Within our cultural programs, education and communication will receive the highest priority.We seek to create an intellectual and sporting legacy by broadening the understanding of the Olympic Ideals throughout the country.在我們的文化發展中，教育和交流將得到優先發展，我們想要創造一個智力和體育記錄，以擴大人們所了解的奧運夢想傳播于全國各地。

Cultural events will unfold each year, from 2005 to 2008.We will stage multi-disciplined cultural programs, such as concerts, exhibitions, art competitions and camps which will involve young people from around the world.During the Olympics, they will be staged in the Olympic Village and the city for the benefit of the athletes.文化活動也將因之而每一年開展，從2005年至2008年，我們將舉辦多元化的文化節目，如音樂會、展覽會、美術比賽和夏令營，將涉及來自世界各地的青少年。奧運會期間,他們將分別在奧運村和所有受惠的運動員活動。

Our Ceremonies will give China's greatest-and the world's greatest artists a stage for celebrating the common aspirations of humanity and the unique heritage of our culture and the Olympic Movement.開幕式我們將給予我國在世界最大的藝術舞臺，歡慶共同愿望和人們獨特的文化遺產——我們的文化和奧林匹克運動所帶來的魅力。

With a concept inspired by the famed Silk Road, our Torch Relay will break new ground, traveling from Olympia through some of the oldest civilizations known to man-Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Byzantine, Mesopotamian, Persian, Arabian, Indian and Chinese.Carrying the message “Share the Peace, Share the Olympics,” the eternal flame will reach new heights as it crosses the Himalayas over the world's highest summit-Mount Qomolangma, which is known to many of you as Mt.Everest.In China, the flame will pass through Tibet, cross the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, travel the Great Wall and visit Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and the 56 ethnic communities who make up our society.On its journey, the flame will be seen by and inspire more human beings than any previous relay.著名的絲綢之路的開創，我們的火炬接力將有新的突破，從奧林匹亞通過一些最古老的國家的文明——希臘、羅馬、埃及、拜占庭、不達米亞、波斯、阿拉伯、印度和中國。攜帶的信息“分享和平，分享奧運”永恒的火焰將達到新的高峰，因為它將穿越喜馬拉雅山在世界的最高峰——珠穆朗瑪峰,這是已知的許多你安居樂業。在中國，圣火還將穿過西藏，穿越長江與黃河，游歷 長城，并參觀香港，澳門，臺灣和56個民族的朋友，圣火傳遞時，火焰將被激勵更多的人參與到奧林匹克的大家庭中。

I am afraid I can not present the whole picture of our cultural programs within such a short period of time.Before I end, let me share with you one story.Seven hundred years ago, amazed by his incredible descriptions of a far away land of great beauty, people asked Marco Polo whether his stories about China were true.He answered: What I have told you was not even half of what I saw.Actually, what we have shown you here today is only a fraction of Beijing that awaits you.在這么短的時間里，我恐怕不能介紹現在的中華全貌與我們的文化，在我結束前，讓我跟大家分享這樣一個故事，七百年前，馬可波羅來到中國，他驚訝的不得了，當他描述在一個遙遠的國家非常美麗，人們問馬可波羅他在中國的故事是不是真的，他回答道：我告訴你的連我看到的一半都沒有達到。其實,我們已經介紹的只是一小部分，北京正在等待著你！

第四篇：楊瀾TED演講演講

楊瀾楊瀾楊瀾楊瀾TED演講演講演講演講：：：：重塑中國的年輕一代重塑中國的年輕一代重塑中國的年輕一代重塑中國的年輕一代（（（（英文演講稿英文演講稿英文演講稿英文演講稿））））

Yang Lan: The generation that's remaking China

The night before I was heading for Scotland, I was invited to host the final of “China's Got Talent” show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audiences in the stadium.Guess who was the performing guest? Susan Boyle.And I told her, “I'm going to Scotland the next day.” She sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese.[Chinese]So it's not like “hello” or “thank you,” that ordinary stuff.It means “green onion for free.” Why did she say that? Because it was a line from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle--a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in Shanghai, who loves singing Western opera, but she didn't understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in Chinese.(Laughter)And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the stadium was “green onion for free.” So [as] Susan Boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audiences sang together.That was hilarious.So I guess both Susan Boyle and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai belonged to otherness.They were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through.And a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams.Well, being different is not that difficult.We are all different from different perspectives.But I think being different is good, because you present a different point of view.You may have the chance to make a difference.My generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of China that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years.I remember that in the year of 1990, when I was graduating from college, I was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in Beijing, Great Wall Sheraton--it's still there.So after being interrogated by this Japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, “So, Miss Yang, do you have any questions to ask me?” I summoned my courage and poise and said,“ Yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell?” I didn't have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel.That was the first day I set my foot in a five-star hotel.Around the same time, I was going through an audition--the first ever open audition by national television in China--with another thousand college girls.The producer told us they were looking for some sweet, innocent and beautiful fresh face.So when it was my turn, I stood up and said, “Why [do] women's personalities on television always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive? Why can't they have their own ideas and their own voice?” I thought I kind of offended them.But actually, they were impressed by my words.And so I was in the second round of competition, and then the third and the fourth.After seven rounds of competition, I was the last one to survive it.So I was on a national television prime-time show.And believe it or not, that was the first show on Chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script.(Applause)And my weekly audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.Well after a few years, I decided to go to the U.S.and Columbia University to pursue mypostgraduate studies, and then started my own media company, which was unthought of during the years that I started my career.So we do a lot of things.I've interviewed more than a thousand people in the past.And sometimes I have young people approaching me say, “Lan, you changed my life,” and I feel proud of that.But then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country.I was in Beijing's bidding for the Olympic Games.I was representing the Shanghai Expo.I saw China embracing the world and vice versa.But then sometimes I'm thinking, what are today's young generation up to? How are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of China, or at large, the world?

So today I want to talk about young people through the platform of social media.First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like? Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei--20 years old, beautiful.She showed off her expensive bags, clothes and car on her microblog, which is the Chinese version of Twitter.And she claimed to be the general manager of Red Cross at the Chamber of Commerce.She didn't realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of Red Cross.The controversy was so heated that the Red Cross had to open a press conference to clarify it, and the investigation is going on.So far, as of today, we know that she herself made up that title--probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity.All those expensive items were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend, who used to be a board member in a subdivision of Red Cross at Chamber of Commerce.It's very complicated to explain.But anyway, the public still doesn't buy it.It is still boiling.It shows us a general mistrust of government or government-backed institutions, which lacked transparency in the past.And also it showed us the power and the impact of social media as microblog.Microblog boomed in the year of 2010, with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled.Sina.com, a major news portal, alone has more than 140 million microbloggers.On Tencent, 200 million.The most popular blogger--it's not me--it's a movie star, and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans.About 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people, under 30 years old.And because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government, social media offers an opening to let the steam out a little bit.But because you don't have many other openings, the heat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.So through microblogging, we are able to understand Chinese youth even better.So how are they different? First of all, most of them were born in the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy.And because of selected abortion by families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women.That could pose a potential danger to the society, but who knows;we're in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries.Most of them have fairly good education.The illiteracy rate in China among this generation is under one percent.In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college.But they are facing an aging China with a population above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030.And you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially, and taking care of them when they're sick.So it means young couples will have to support four parents who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.So making a living is not that easy for young people.College graduates are not in short supply.In urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 U.S.dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500.So what do they do? They have to share space--squeezed in very limited space to save money--and they call themselves “tribe of ants.” And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment.That ratio in America would only cost a couple five years to earn, but in China it's 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.Among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people.They find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas.Most of them don't want to go back to the countryside, but they don't have the sense of belonging.They work for longer hours with less income, less social welfare.And they're more vulnerable to job losses, subject to inflation, tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from Europe or America for the products they produce.Last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease.But they died because of all different personal reasons.But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, of these migrant workers.For those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very welcome locally, because with the knowledge, skills and networks they have learned in the cities, with the assistance of the Internet, they're able to create more jobs, upgrade local agriculture and create new business in the less developed market.So for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.These diagrams show a more general social background.The first one is the Engels coefficient, which explains that the cost of daily necessities has dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms of family income, to about 37-some percent.But then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost.The Gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4.Now it's 0.5--even worse than that in America--showing us the income inequality.And so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility.And also, the bitterness and even resentment towards the rich and the powerful is quite widespread.So any accusations of corruptionor backdoor dealings between authorities or business would arouse a social outcry or even unrest.So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about.Social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand.For the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property.And it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation.Sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest.So when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the Internet, people cry for the government to take actions to stop thiSo the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court.Similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the Internet.We heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food.And guess what, we have faked beef.They have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef.And then lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop.So all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet.And fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.While young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes they're a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life.China is soon to pass the U.S.as the number one market for luxury brands--that's not including the Chinese expenditures in Europe and elsewhere.But you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S.dollars.They're not rich at all.They're taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status.And this is a girl explicitly saying on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle.But of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called “naked” wedding, or “naked” marriage.It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love.And also, people are doing good through social media.And the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted and stopped on the highway with the whole country watching through microblogging.People were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck.And after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued.And here also people are helping to find missing children.A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet.After thousands of [unclear], the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.So happiness is the most popular word we have heard through the past two years.Happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, it's about the environment.People are thinking about the following questions: Are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher GDP? How are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? And also, how capable is the system of self-correctness to keep more people content with all sorts of friction going on at the same time? I guess these are the questions people are going to answer.And our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.Thank you very much.10

第五篇：楊瀾中國新一代演講

The night before I was heading for Scotland, I was invited to host the final of “China's Got Talent” show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audiences in the stadium.Guess who was the performing guest? Susan Boyle.And I told her, “I'm going to Scotland the next day.” She sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese.[Chinese]So it's not like “hello” or “thank you,” that ordinary stuff.It means “green onion for free.” Why did she say that? Because it was a line from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle--a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in Shanghai, who loves singing Western opera, but she didn't understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in Chinese.(Laughter)And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the stadium was “green onion for free.” So

[as] Susan Boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audiences sang together.That was hilarious.在來愛爾蘭的前一晚，我應邀主持了中國達人秀在上海的體育場和八萬現場觀眾。猜猜誰是表演嘉賓？——蘇珊大媽。我告訴她，“我明天要去愛爾蘭了。” 她歌聲猶如天籟。而且她還可以說點中文。“送你蔥。” 這不是“你好、謝謝”之類的日常用語。這組詞翻譯過來是免費給你青蔥，為什么她要說這個呢？因為這是我們中國版的蘇珊大媽很有名的一句歌詞。這位五十幾歲的大媽在上海以販賣蔬菜為生。她喜歡西方的歌劇，但是她不懂任何外語，所以她就把中文蔬菜名填做歌詞。當她在體育場里 唱到今夜無人入眠的最后一句時，她唱的是“送你蔥”。蘇珊大媽和全場八萬觀眾一起唱“送你蔥”，多有意思的場面。

So I guess both Susan Boyle and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai belonged to otherness.They were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through.And a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams.Well, being different is not that difficult.We are all different from different perspectives.But I think being different is good, because you present a different point of view.You may have the chance to make a difference.我想蘇珊大媽和這位在上海做蔬菜買賣的都屬于不同尋常的人。在業界所謂的娛樂圈，他們最不可能取得成功，但是他們的勇氣和才華讓他們成功了。一場秀，一個平臺給了他們實現夢想的舞臺。與眾不同不難，從不同的角度看我們都是不一樣的。我認為與眾不同是好的，因為你有不同的看法，這給你機會去產生不同的影響。

My generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of China that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years.I remember that in the year of 1990, when I was graduating from college, I was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in Beijing, Great Wall Sheraton--it's still there.So after being interrogated by this Japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, “So, Miss Yang, do you have any questions to ask me?”I summoned my courage and poise and said, “Yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell?” I didn't have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel.That was the first day I set my foot in a five-star hotel.我們這代人有幸見證和參與了過去二三十年中國的歷史性的轉型。我記得在九十年代，剛從大學畢業的我申請了一份在北京五星級酒店銷售部的工作。在日本經理一個半小時的面試后，他最后說：“楊小姐，你有什么問題要問我嗎？”我鼓起勇氣，定定神然后問道：“您能告訴我銷售部到底銷售什么？”我對于五星級酒店的銷售部的職責一點都摸不著頭腦。那是我在五星級酒店的第一天。

Around the same time, I was going through an audition--the first ever open audition by national television in China--with another thousand college girls.The producer told us they were looking for some sweet, innocent and beautiful fresh face.So when it was my turn, I stood up and said, “Why [do] women's personalities on television always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent and,you know, supportive? Why can't they have their own ideas and their own voice?” I thought I kind of offended them.But actually, they were impressed by my words.And so I was in the second round of competition, and then the third and the fourth.After seven rounds of competition, I was the last one to survive it.So I was on a national television prime-time show.And believe it or not, that was the first show on Chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script.(Applause)And my weekly audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.同時，我和上千名大學女生參加了一場由中國中央電視臺舉辦的史無前例的公開選拔。制作人告訴我們他們想找一位可愛，天真，美麗的新面孔。當輪到我時，我站起來說道，“為什么女孩在電視上必須是漂亮，甜美，無邪的，像個花瓶？為什么她們不能有她們的想法，她們自己的聲音？”我想我一定得罪了評委。但是事實上，我的發言給他們留下了深刻的印象。接下來我進入了第二輪的選拔，然后是第三輪，第四輪。在經過七輪的選拔后，我勝出了。成為了一個國家電視臺黃金時段節目的主持人。不管你們相不相信，那是中國電視上第一個節目可以允許主持人自由發揮而不是去讀審查后的稿子。這個節目的觀眾人數高達兩到三千萬。

Well after a few years, I decided to go to the U.S.and Columbia University to pursue my postgraduate studies, and then started my own media company, which was unthought of during the years that I started my career.So we do a lot of things.I've interviewed more than a thousand people in the past.And sometimes I have young people approaching me say, “Lan, you changed my life,” and I feel proud of that.But then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country.I was in Beijing's bidding for the Olympic Games.I was representing the Shanghai Expo.I saw China embracing the world and vice versa.But then sometimes I'm thinking, what are today's young generations up to? How are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of China, or at large, the world?

幾年后，我決定去美國哥倫比亞大學進修。之后我有了自己的傳媒公司，這是在我剛畢業的時候想都不敢想的。我和我的團隊做了很多事情。在過去的這些年，我采訪了上千人。有時候有年輕人走過來對我說：“楊瀾，你改變了我的生活。”我也為此而自豪。接下來我們一起見證了中國更多的變化。我參與了北京申奧，出席了上海世博會。我看到中國擁抱世界，世界接納中國……但是有時候我在想，當今的年輕人追求什么？他們有什么不同？他們如何去創造中國的未來，往大了說，世界的未來？

So today I want to talk about young people through the platform of social media.First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like? Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei--20 years old, beautiful.She showed off her expensive bags, clothes and car on her microblog, which is the Chinese version of Twitter.And she claimed to be the general manager of Red Cross at the Chamber of Commerce.She didn't realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of Red Cross.The controversy was so heated that the Red Cross had to open a press conference to clarify it, and the investigation is going on.今天我想講講在社交媒體這個大舞臺上的年輕人。他們是誰？他們是怎樣的？這個二十歲左右的漂亮女孩叫郭美美。她在中國版的推特--微博上炫耀她擁有的昂貴的手包，衣服，車子。她自稱是紅十字商會的經理。她沒有意識到她踩到了一根敏感的神經，引起了全民對于紅十字公信力的質疑。如此激烈的質問使得紅十字會不得不召開記者招待會進行澄清，并且伴隨著調查的展開。

So far, as of today, we know that she herself made up that title--probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity.All those expensive items were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend,who used to be a board member in a subdivision of Red Cross at Chamber of Commerce.It's very complicated to explain.But anyway, the public still doesn't buy it.It is still boiling.It shows us a general mistrust of government or government-backed institutions, which lacked transparency in the past.And also it showed us the power and the impact of social media as microblog.至此，我們知道是她自己編造的頭銜，大概是覺得和慈善有關事件有面子的事情。所有的奢侈品都是她的男朋友送給她的，她男朋友曾經是紅十字下屬商會的董事成員。這個關系解釋起來太復雜了。但是不管怎么說，公眾不買賬。這個話題始終熱議與街頭巷尾。這件事揭示了公眾對于缺乏透明度的政府及政府機構普遍的不信任。

Microblog boomed in the year of 2010, with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled.Sina.com, a major news portal, alone has more than 140 million microbloggers.On Tencent, 200 million.The most popular blogger--it's not me--it's a movie star, and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans.About 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people, under 30 years old.And because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government, social media offers an opening to let the steam out a little bit.But because you don't have many other openings, the heat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.微博在2010火了起來。玩微博的人翻了一番，織微博的時間也是過去的三倍了。單單新浪這個主要的新聞門戶網站就擁有一千四百萬微博使用者。騰訊有兩千萬。首屈一指的微博，不是我，是一個電影明星，她擁有超過95萬粉絲。大約百分之八十的微博使用者是三十歲以下的年輕人。如你所知，傳統媒體依然由政府掌控，社交媒體給人們一個宣泄的小出口。因為沒有更多的宣泄渠道，來自社交媒體的宣泄是強大的，積極的，甚至是暴力的。

So through microblogging, we are able to understand Chinese youth even better.So how are they different? First of all, most of them were born in the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy.And because of selected abortion by families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women.That could pose a potential danger to the society, but who knows;we're in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries.Most of them have fairly good education.The illiteracy rate in China among this generation is under one percent.In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college.But they are facing an aging China with a population above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030.And you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially, and taking care of them when they're sick.So it means young couples will have to support four parents who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.So making a living is not that easy for young people.通過微博我們可以更好的了解中國的年輕人。他們有怎樣的不同？首先他們中的大多數出生于獨生子女政策開始實施的上世紀八九十年代。因為很多家庭喜歡男孩多于女孩，現在我們年輕男性多于年輕女性近三百萬。這可能造成社會潛在的危險，可是誰知道呢？在這個全球化的時代，他們可以找別的國家的女孩做女朋友。他們中的大多數接受了很好的教育。文盲率在這一代人低于百分之一。在城市，百分之八十的孩子進入大學。但是老齡化問題也不容忽視。今年的統計顯示超過六十五歲的人占總人口的百分之七，到2030年將達到百分之十五，你們知道在我們的傳統文化中年輕人要贍養老人。這就意味著年輕的夫婦要贍養四位平均壽命為七十三歲的老人。因此養家糊口對于年輕人并不是件輕松的事。

College graduates are not in short supply.In urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 U.S.dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500.So what do they do? They have to share space--squeezed in very limited space to save money--and they call themselves

“tribe of ants.” And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment.That ratio in America would only cost a couple five years to earn, but in China it's 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.大學畢業生并非供不應求。在城市，大學畢業生的起薪大約四百美元一個月，可是僅僅房租就要超過五百美元一個月。這讓他們怎么應對？他們不得不合租，為了省房租擠在逼仄的小房間里，他們稱自己為蟻族。而對于那些將要結婚的并且準備買房的年輕人，他們必須要工作三十到四十年才能負擔起自己的第一套公寓。當對于美國人來說只需要五年就能負擔得起，但是面對中國奇高的房價卻需要三十到四十年。

Among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people.They find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas.Most of them don't want to go back to the countryside, but they don't have the sense of belonging.They work for longer hours with less income, less social welfare.And they're more vulnerable to job losses, subject to inflation, tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from Europe or America for the products they produce.Last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease.But they died because of all different personal reasons.But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, of these migrant workers.在兩千萬外來務工者中，有百分之六十的人是年輕人。他們如同一塊三明治被夾在城市和鄉村中間。大多數都不愿再回到鄉下，但是他們在城市卻沒有歸屬感。超時工作，低薪，無法享受社會福利。受通貨膨脹，銀根緊縮，人民幣升值的影響，他們生產的產品在歐美國家的需求量下降，這使他們更容易失業。去年，在南方某個OEM生產原地發生了駭人聽聞的事件：十三個年紀在二十歲左右的工人自殺，一個接著一個的自殺仿佛感染了傳染性疾病。雖然他們的自殺的原因各有不同，可是這個事件引起了巨大的社會輿論，對于外來務工人員在身體上，精神上的隔離。

For those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very welcome locally, because with the knowledge, skills and networks they have learned in the cities, with the assistance of the Internet, they're able to create more jobs, upgrade local agriculture and create new business in the less developed market.So for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.對于那些回到鄉下的打工者，他們受到了當地的熱烈歡迎。這是因為他們在城市中所學到的知識技能，在網絡的幫助下，讓他們能夠創造更多的工作機會，提升當地的農業發展水平，在欠發達地區創造新的商機。因此，在沿海地區發生了勞動力缺乏的問題。

These diagrams show a more general social background.The first one is the Engels coefficient, which explains that the cost of daily necessities has dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms of family income, to about 37-some percent.But then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost.The Gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4.Now it's 0.5--even worse than that in America--showing us the income inequality.And so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility.And also, the bitterness and even resentment towards the rich and the powerful is quite widespread.So any accusations of corruptionor backdoor dealings between authorities or business would arouse a social outcry or even unrest.這些圖片展現出整體的社會背景。第一張圖片是恩格斯系數（食品支出占總消費支出的比

例），可以看到在過去的十年中，食物和生活必需品在家庭消費中的比例有所下降（37％），然后在過去的兩年中，這項指數上升到39％，說明近兩年中生活成本的攀升。基尼系數早已越過了危險的0.4，到達0.5——這甚至高過了美國——體現出極大的貧富差距，所以我們才看到整個社會的失衡。同時，“仇富心態”也開始在整個社會蔓延，任何與腐敗和走后門相關的政府或商業丑聞都會引發社會危機和不穩定。

So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about.Social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand.For the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property.And it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation.Sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest.So when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the Internet, people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.通過微博上很火的話題，我們可以看到年輕人的關注點。社會公正和政府的公信力是他們首要需求的。在過去的十年中，急速的城市化讓民眾讀到太多強制私人住戶拆遷的新聞，這引發了年輕一代的憤怒和不理解。有時候，被拆遷的住戶以自殺和自焚的方式來抗議（強制拆遷行為）。當這些事件越來越常在互聯網上被揭露出來，人們期待政府可以采取一些更積極的制止行動。

So the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court.Similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the Internet.We heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food.And guess what, we have faked beef.They have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef.And then lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop.So all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet and fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.好消息是，今年早些時候，人民代表大會通過了一項關于房屋征用和拆遷的新法規，將征用和拆遷的權利從當地政府移交到了法庭。相同的，很多其他與公共安全相關的問題也在互聯網上被熱烈討論。我們聽到有太多空氣污染，水污染，有毒食品的報道。你甚至都想不到，我們還有假牛肉。人們用一種特殊的材料加入雞肉和魚肉中，然后以牛肉的價格進行出售。最近，人們對食用油也很擔憂，大量的餐館被發現在使用“地溝油“。所有這些事件引發了互聯網上民眾觀點的大爆發。幸運的是，我們看到了政府正在更積極和更及時的對這些民眾的質疑給予回應。

While young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes they're a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life.China is soon to pass the U.S.as the number one market for luxury brands--that's not including the Chinese expenditures in Europe and elsewhere.But you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S.dollars.They're not rich at all.They're taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status.And this is a girl explicitly saying on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle.But of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.從一方面看起來，年輕人已參與到公共政策的制定中，但是從另一方面看，他們對于自己個人生活的需要有著些許的迷失。中國會超過美國成為世界第一的奢侈品消費市場，這還不包括中國人在歐洲及其他地區的消費。但是你知道嗎？半數的消費者的薪水低于兩千美元。他

們一點都不富裕。他們把這些包，衣服作為標榜他們身份和社會地位的象征。在一檔電視約會秀中，一個女孩直白的說她寧愿在寶馬車中哭泣也不愿在自行車上笑。當然，我們有年輕人喜歡笑，不管在寶馬車中還是自行車上。

So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called “naked” wedding, or “naked” marriage.It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love.And also, people are doing good through social media.And the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted and stopped on the highway with the whole country watching through microblogging.People were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck.And after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued.And here also people are helping to find missing children.A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet.After thousands of [unclear], the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.在下一張圖片里，你看到一個非常流行的現象叫做”裸婚“。這不是說他們在婚禮上不穿衣服，這是在說即使沒有房子，車子，沒有鉆石戒指和盛大的婚禮，這些年輕夫婦也愿意結成連理，顯示他們對于愛情的承諾。通過社交媒體，人們做著好的事。第一張圖片告訴我們，整個國家通過微博看到了這裝有500只將用于食品加工的流浪狗的卡車被發現并且截停在高速公路上。人們自愿捐款，送狗糧并且自愿去截停這輛卡車。在數小時的協商下，五百只流浪狗被解救了。還有人幫助尋找走失的小孩。一位父親在網上上傳了兒子的照片。在成千上萬的轉發后，孩子找到了，我們也通過微博見證了這家人的重聚。

So happiness is the most popular word we have heard through the past two years.Happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, it's about the environment.People are thinking about the following questions: Are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher GDP? How are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? And also, how capable is the system of self-correctness to keep more people content with all sorts of friction going on at the same time? I guess these are the questions people are going to answer.And our younger generations are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.在過去的兩年里幸福是我們聽到的最流行的詞。幸福不僅僅是個人的經歷和個人價值，幸福也關乎環境。人們在思考這樣的問題：我們真的要為了更高的GDP去犧牲我們的環境嗎？我們如何在實施我們社會政治改革的同時，保持經濟增長的可持續性和穩定性？一個系統的自我更正能力如何讓更多的人對于同時發生的各種摩擦滿意？我想這些問題將會被解答。我們年輕的一代在改變自己的同時也必將改變這個國家。

Thank you very much.謝謝。