第一篇:英語演講與辯論
Online games impact on youngstersRecent years, many youngsters including lots of college students are addicted to computer games.They ignore that their main task is studying.Some youngsters even play computer games day and night.They don’t have any other hobbies except computer games.Their GPA is so low that they are facing the danger of expelled from school.For the students themselves who play online games all the day, they feel it
excited when playing games.The world of the computer games is so beautiful and colorful that they even can’t distinguish what is the virtual world and what is the real world.Games seemed like everything of their life.They can give up studying, give up having a meal, give up sleeping, give up making friends with others, give up staying with family, but what they can't give up is playing games.However, their teachers and parents are worried about this.Teachers don't want to see the scene that their students are thinking about how to play games in the class.Usually, just a part of students come to class, the other are playing games instead of having classes.Parents told their children that they shall study hard at school when their children leave home.But what upsets the parents is that the children are just playing online games at school.Online game sometimes can alleviate fatigue, but youngsters can’t be
addicted to it which will damage their study and their health, even their future.So for a youngster, you must get the balance between online games and your study, your health, your family, your future!
第二篇:英語演講與辯論 課程教學大綱
英語演講與辯論》課程教學大綱
(2006年制訂,2006年修訂)
課程編號:100191
英文名:The Art of English Public Speaking and debating
課程類別:專業(yè)選修
學分:2學分
課時:32課時
主講教師:韓靜等
選定教材:Stephen E.Lucas(美),《演講的藝術》(第八版),北京:外語教學與研究出版社,2004年 課程概述:
《英語演講與辯論》課程是一門語言技能和專業(yè)知識相結合的課程,在一定程度上實現(xiàn)相關專業(yè)與外語專業(yè)之間的復合、交融和滲透,使學生從語言的單一性向知識的多元化、寬厚型方向轉化.該課程有助于提高學生綜合應用英語的能力,有助于學生綜合素質(zhì)的培養(yǎng),是英語教學改革的新課型通過該課程的學習不僅能幫助學生進一步提高英語表達能力、英語口語交際能力,更有利于學生開拓思路、掌握溝通技巧;引導學生體會演講魅力、提高演講技巧、展示演講才能,有利于他們早日掌握這門適用于各種領域的溝通藝術.這門課程的學習需要一定程度的語言技能以外的知識積累.通過這門課程的學習,學生能夠系統(tǒng)地了解英語演講的技巧,英語演講稿的寫作方法以及英語演講技巧在現(xiàn)代交際中的作用.本課程采用理論傳授與實際操練相結合;教師講解和學生參與相結合;教師點評和學生試評相結合的教學方法.本課程授課內(nèi)容主要包括兩大塊,均采用多媒體、互動式授課.第一部分包括英語演講課程的理論教學,采用范例錄像觀摩和闡釋理論知識點相結合的方法;第二部分包括學生操練并輔助以課堂討論及對學生操練和作業(yè)進行評析(自評、互評和教師點評相結合)等方法.考查方法采用課堂參與和考試相結合.教學目的:
通過本課程的學習,使學生全面、系統(tǒng)地掌握英語演講和辯論的理論知識與藝術特點以及在現(xiàn)實交際生活的作用及在一定程度上實現(xiàn)相關專業(yè)與外語專業(yè)之間的復合、交融和滲透,使學生從語言的單一性向知識的多元化、寬厚型方向轉化,并且提高學生綜合應用英語的能力和綜合素質(zhì)的培養(yǎng).教學方法:
本課程授課內(nèi)容主要包括兩大塊,均采用多媒體、互動式授課.第一部分包括英語演講辯論課程的理論教學,采用示范錄像觀摩和闡釋理論知識點相結合的方法;第二部分包括學生操練并輔助以課堂討論及對學生操練和作業(yè)進行評析(自評、互評和教師點評相結合)等方法.考查采用課堂參與記錄與考試相結合的方法,課堂參與記錄占50%,考試占50%.1)教學原則
a.教師為主導,學生為主體,訓練為主線;
b.運用激勵策略,營造寬松型(free)、學生友好型(student-friendly)氛圍;
c.語境教學法(context teaching);
d.過程教學法(process teaching).2)課堂組織形式
a.精講多練,突出學生參與;
b.運用視聽演示材料供學生觀摩;
c.鼓勵學生制作視覺輔助材料(visual aids);
d.運用攝像設備拍錄學生演講實景;
e.先講后評,組織討論;
f.運用評估表(evaluation sheet)分析學生演講;
g.大班與小班授課應有區(qū)別.各章教學要求及教學要點
第一章 Speaking And Listening
教學要求:
本章教學要求學生比較全面了解演講的基本理論和概念,演講中的道德準則以及傾聽在言語交流中的重要性.教學內(nèi)容:
一、Speaking in Public
1.The Power of Public Speaking
2.The Tradition of Public Speaking
3.Similarities Between Public Speaking and Conversation
4.Differences Between Public Speaking and Conversation
5.Developing Confidence: Your Speech Class
6.Public Speaking and Critical Thinking
7.The Speech Communication Process
8.Public speaking in a Multicultural World
二、Ethics and Public Speaking
1.The Importance of Ethics
2.Guidelines for Ethical Speaking
3.Plagiarism
4.Guidelines for Ethical Listening
三、Listening
1.Listening Is Important
2.Listening and Critical Thinking
3.Four Causes of Poor Listening
4.How to Become a Better Listener
思考題:
1.In what way is public speaking likely to make a difference in your life?
2.How is public speaking different from everyday conversation?
3.How can you control your nervousness and make it work for you in your speeches?
4.What are the seven elements of the speech communication process? How do they interact to determine the success or failure of a speech?
第二章 Speech Preparation: Getting Started
教學要求:
本章教學要求學生了解在演講的準備階段如何選題和立意,如何分析聽眾的特點,如何收集資料和如何規(guī)范地使用所搜集到的論據(jù)來說明自己的想法.教學內(nèi)容:
Selecting a Topic and Purpose
1.Choosing a Topic
2.Determining the General Purpose
3.Determining the Specific Purpose
4.Phrasing the Central Idea
二、Analyzing the Audience
1.Audience-Centeredness
2.Your Classmates as an Audience
3.The Psychology of Audiences
4.Demographic Audience Analysis
5.Situational Audience Analysis
6.Getting Information About the Audience
7.Adapting to the Audience
三、Gathering Materials
1.Using Your Own Knowledge and Experience
2.Doing Library Research
3.Searching the Internet
4.Interviewing
5.Tips for Doing Research
四、Supporting Your Ideas
1.Supporting Materials and Critical Thinking
2.Examples
3.Statistics
4.Testimony
5.Sample Speech with Commentary
思考題:
1.What is the difference between the specific purpose and the central idea of a speech? What are four guidelines for an effective central idea?
2.What methods can you use to adapt your speech to your audience before the speech? During the speech?
3.What five things should you do to take research notes efficiently?
4.What are five tips for using examples in your speeches?
第三章 Speech Preparation: Organizing and Outlining
教學要求:
本章教學要求學生系統(tǒng)掌握英語演講稿的寫作方法和寫作規(guī)范.教學內(nèi)容:
Organizing the Body of the Speech
1.Organization Is Important
2.Main Points
3.Supporting Materials
4.Connectives
二、Beginning and Ending the Speech
1.The Introduction
2.The Conclusion
三、Outlining the Speech
1.The Preparation Outline
2.The Speaking Outline
思考題:
1.What are the five basic patterns of organizing main points in a speech? Which are appropriate for
informative speeches? Which is used only in persuasive speeches? Which is used most often?
2.What are seven methods you can use in the introduction to get the attention and interest of your audience?
3.What are four ways to reinforce the central idea when concluding your speech?
4.What is a preparation outline? What are the eight guidelines discussed in the chapter for writing a preparation outline?
5.What is a speaking outline? What are four guidelines for your speaking outline?
第四章 Presenting The Speech
教學要求:
本章教學要求學生基本掌握演講寫作中的語言技巧,演講的不同形式,以及直觀教具的制作和用法.教學內(nèi)容:
一、Using Language
1.Language Is Important
2.Meanings of Words
3.Using Language Accurately
4.Using Language Clearly
5.Using Language Vividly
6.A Note on Inclusive Language
二、Delivery
1.What is a Good Delivery?
2.Methods of Delivery
3.The Speaker's Voice
4.The Speaker's Body
5.Practicing Delivery
6.Answering Audience Questions
三、Using Visual Aids
1.Advantages of Visual Aids
2.Kinds of Visual Aids
3.Guidelines for Preparing Visual Aids
4.Guidelines for Presenting Visual Aids
思考題:
1.What are three things you should do to use language clearly in your speeches?
2.Why is it important for a public speaker to use inclusive language? What are five usages of inclusive language which have become so widely accepted that no speaker can afford to ignore them?
3.What are the eight aspects of voice usage you should concentrate on in your speeches?
4.What are the five steps you should follow when practicing your speech delivery?
5.What steps should you take when preparing for a question-and-answer session? What should you concentrate on when responding to questions during the session?
6.What are the major advantages of using visual aids in your speeches?
第五章 Varieties of Public Speaking
教學要求:
本章教學要求學生掌握演講的幾種主要的體裁,能夠在不同的場合選擇不同的方式進行有效演講.教學內(nèi)容:
教學內(nèi)容:
Speaking to Inform
1.Types of Informative Speeches: Analysis and Organization
2.Guidelines for Informative Speaking
3.Sample Speech with Commentary
4.The Importance of Persuasion
5.Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Fact
6.Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Value
7.Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Policy
二、Methods of Persuasion
1.Building Credibility
2.Using Evidence
3.Reasoning
4.Appealing to emotions
三、Speaking on Special Occasions
1.Speeches of Introduction
2.Speeches of Presentation
3.Speeches of Acceptance
4.Commemorative Speeches
5.After-Dinner Speeches
四、Speaking in Small Groups
1.What Is a Small Group?
2.Leadership in Small Groups
3.responsibilities in a Small Group
4.The Reflective-Thinking Method
5.Presenting the Recommendations of the Groups
思考題:
1.Why must informative speakers be careful not to overestimate what the audience knows about the topic? What can you do to make sure your ideas don't pass over the heads of your listeners?
2.What are three methods you can use to avoid abstractions in your informative speech?
3.Explain the difference between passive agreement and immediate action as goals for persuasive speeches on questions of policy.4.What four methods of organization are used most often in persuasive speeches on questions of policy?
5.What are four tips for using evidence effectively in a persuasive speech?
6.What are the three major traits of a good acceptance speech?
7.What are the five major responsibilities of every participant in a small group?
參考書目:
1)Lucas, Stephen E.The Art of Public Speaking.8th Ed.New York: McGraw Hill, 2004.配有Instructor's Manual.2)Verderber, Rudolph F.The Challenge of Effective Speaking.10th Ed.Boston: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1997.3)Collins, Patrick.Say It with Power & Confidence.Paramus: Prentice Hall, 1998.4)Kay, Sue(英):《實用演講技巧》,北京:外語教學與研究出版社,2004.5)亞歷山大(Alexander, L.G.)(英),《英語辯論手冊》,北京:外語教學與研究出版社,1999.6)紀玉華、陳向軍、Andrew N.Brown,《英語演講與辯論教程》,廈門:廈門大學出版社,2004.7)王守仁,何寧,《新編英語口語教程》,上海:上海外語教育出版社,1998.8)楊俊峰(編譯),《實用演講技能教程》,沈陽:遼寧教育出版社,2001.9)謝伯端,《實用演講與口才教程》,武漢:華中理工大學出版社,1996.10)黃士基,《演說的技巧與藝術》,武漢:華中理工大學出版社,1991.執(zhí)筆人: 韓靜2006年5月
審定人: 黃能2006年5月
系負責人: 王克明 2006年7月
第三篇:英語演講與辯論協(xié)會成立于2007年
采訪對象:華中師范大學英語演講與辯論協(xié)會
注:由于被采訪者要求,本文中提及的所有人名均為化名
社團組織簡介:
本社團成立于2007年,是一個年輕,富有朝氣的協(xié)會, 是一個協(xié)會本著踏實肯干的良好作風,豐富了廣大同學的業(yè)余生活,營造了良好的英語學習氛圍,同時為愛好演講和辯論的同學提供實踐的平臺,受到廣大同學的歡迎。協(xié)會自成立以來受到外國語學院的支持,同時積極發(fā)展自身優(yōu)勢。
宗旨:
協(xié)會以提高會員的英語演講與辯論能力以及提高會員的學習英語的熱情為宗旨,通過講座、培訓、交流等方式使會員得到更加專業(yè)的演講與辯論知識。同時邀請經(jīng)驗豐富的指導老師為會員進行講解,使會員從中得以自我水平的提升。
主要部門:
會長:管理各個部門,組織大型活動,如招新,大型辯論等 副會長:協(xié)助會長,管理各個部門
各級助理:跟著各會長與部長工作以獲取經(jīng)驗 提高自己 作為社團發(fā)展梯隊建設的后備軍
活動部:主要負責活動的策劃與組織實施 宣傳部:主要負責協(xié)會的各項宣傳活動
網(wǎng)絡部:配合宣傳部工作,建設自己的網(wǎng)站,作網(wǎng)上的宣傳,同時組織會員的網(wǎng)上生活
人力資源部:主要負責人力資源的管理,物資的購買與管理等
外聯(lián)部:主要負責與其它組織機構、贊助商以及媒體的聯(lián)系,同時是協(xié)會取得贊助經(jīng)費的重要渠道
學術部:建立會員學習跟蹤檔案,專門負責整體協(xié)會的學術建設 辯論隊:社團內(nèi)最優(yōu)秀的辯論人才,參加院校以及校外辯論比賽 教練隊:外國語學院的教師對學生進行日常培訓,領導辯論隊參加比賽
主要活動:
基本日常活動:
1.每月兩次辯論技能培訓: 主要參加人員:全體成員 主要組織者:辯論隊,教練隊 時間:單周星期五晚上7點到9點
主要內(nèi)容:辯論技能培訓以及辯論基本方法指導 2.每天早上英語能力提高
主要參加人員:全體成員
主要組織者:當天負責同學(采取輪流值日),學術部
時間:周一到周五上午7點到7點30分
主要內(nèi)容:朗讀以及背誦任意英語資料 3.每兩月一次社團內(nèi)部英語辯論大賽
主要參加成員:全體成員
主要組織者:會長,副會長,活動部,外聯(lián)部,網(wǎng)絡部 主要內(nèi)容:英語辯論 4.一學期社團招新
主要參加成員:會長,副會長,宣傳部,人力資源部,網(wǎng)絡部 主要組織者:宣傳部,人力資源部 主要內(nèi)容:招納新成員 5.每周一次例會
主要參加成員:會長,副會長,各級助理,各部門(除教練隊外)部長副部長 主要組織者:會長
主要內(nèi)容:一周內(nèi)社團主要活動評價,下周社團將開展的活動安排等 特殊活動歸納:
院級英語辯論大賽 校級英語辯論大賽 校外組織的英語辯論大賽 與武漢其他高校英語辯論友誼賽 國家級英語辯論大賽校內(nèi)選拔
主要參加成員:會長,副會長,宣傳部,網(wǎng)絡部,活動部,外聯(lián)部,辯論隊,教練隊。
社團領導人簡介:
會長:
姓名:錢喻為 專業(yè):翻譯英語 年級:2010級
任職時間:2011年9月—至今
曾參與活動:2012 華中師范大學外國語學院2011級英語辯論大賽評委 2012“外研杯”全國英語辯論大賽宣傳方 2012 與高校外院英語辯論大賽策劃者
2011 華中師范大學外國語學院英語辯論大賽主辦方 2010 華中師范大學外國語學院英語辯論大賽最佳辯手
會長采訪稿:
問題1:你可以談一下你社團目前的成果嗎?人數(shù)規(guī)模之類的?
回答:我們社團是一個規(guī)模比較小的的社團,參加的成員也大多都是外國語學院英語系的同學,有少量同學是小語種的或是非語言類專業(yè)的。總人數(shù)大多是五十人左右。問題2:你是在人員管理上采取什么方式?比如招新,部門的設立,人員分派,基礎活動安排? 回答:這個社團并不是我建立的,說到底我只是一個傳承人,那么你所說的這些都是在社團成立之初時,第一任會長已經(jīng)建立好的,再加上后幾任會長的不斷補充完美化,其實整個體系到我這里已經(jīng)是很完善了。那么你說的這些例行的活動只用按照已有的方法去完成實施就好。問題3:你每天或是每周會花多少時間在辨協(xié)上?
回答:你也知道我們每周是有一些固定活動的,那么除去這些大家都有義務參加的活動以外。我大概每天會花半個小時處理社團的事情。在有大型活動時,需要花費的時間就更長 問題4:這每天的半個小時一般會用處理什么事情?
回答:第一,是思考在原有的基礎之上,我們社團還能改進什么,我們社團還有沒有什么更遠的既定目標,如我們社團的基本英語辯論水平要達到什么程度,我們社團要在比賽上舉得什么名次,如何讓更多的非英語專業(yè)的人了解英語辯論的不同形式,推廣英語辯論。第二,是我能為我們社團的成員在已有活動的基礎上安排一些更有新意,更能提高他們的學術成績的活動或是比賽。第三,如何與其他高校的英語辯論協(xié)會保持良好的友誼關系,能盡可能多的在周末舉行友誼辯論賽,以明了我們辯論協(xié)會在華中地區(qū)乃至全國的水平,從而更加明了我們進步的方法。第四,這一點就是與學校的安排有關。如何更好協(xié)助外國語學院舉辦各種英語辯論賽,校級,市級,國際級等等。問題5:你一般用什么時間來思考這些問題?
回答:你也可以看出這些問題基本上都是需要思考的,真正需要動手書寫的很少,所以我平時沒有固定的時間去做這些工作。基本上就是上學路上,去食堂的路上,這樣零散的時間想一下,并不是整塊的時間。看上去可能不用很多時間。但是我想這些時間加起來應該有半個小時。問題6:那么在具體執(zhí)行活動的時候,你會采取什么措施?
回答:其實我基本上屬于不管事的,因為我們社團的職務分配是十分到位的。那么基本上所有的活動都有固定的人在安排在協(xié)調(diào)。我也是十分信任他們的能力的。大家都是學生,也都不是職業(yè)管理人員,基本上不存在好壞之說。而且事實證明這樣的管理也是可行的。那么我也會有時問一下負責人啊,部長之類看在執(zhí)行過程中有什么困難是需要我去解決的。而且我們也有例會,在那時大家可以自由發(fā)言,有什么想法,有什么新活動,有什么反思的,大家都會一起去想辦法。
問題7:近期有什么例子證明你的管理是合理的? 回答:我們在上周天,就是四月一號的上午才和武大的英語辯論協(xié)會進行了一場友誼賽。那么這場比賽就是我們副會長自己聯(lián)系的,她告訴我了想法我覺得好,就直接全權交給她再分配給有關部門執(zhí)行。那么,效果也是很好的。我們兩個學校對這個活動都很滿意。問題8:你不擔心大家的積極性無法被調(diào)動嗎?
回答:首先因為英語辯論系會的都是英語系的同學居多,那么這是一個相對較小的圈子,如果一個人不負責,那么很可能大家都對他有意見,很快年級以及其他同學就會知道,那么對這個同學名聲會有影響。大家基本上都不會去冒險。其次,大家加入社團都是為了提高英語水平,那么你長久的不參加練習,自然而然的英語口語能力就不能和其他同學相提并論,久而久之,你自己也就知道要去努力。最后,我們對我們的常規(guī)活動是由很嚴格的管理的,無故缺席一定次數(shù)的同學,那么我們就會相應的減少他進入辯論隊的機會,減少他的參賽資格。問題9:你的放任管理不怕大家不服嗎?
回答:其實多少會有點擔心,但是我們的副會長,部長基本上都是我的同學,甚至有些是同班同學。像我們的副會長,就是我的同班同學。那么相當于大部分的管理層都是我的朋友熟人,在一定程度上他們是無條件支持我的正確決定的。而且有很多事情按照校社團的規(guī)定是必須經(jīng)過社長簽字批準的,所以從一定程度上來說,有些事情他們沒有我也干不了。再者,我們有很多事情也不是我說了算的,是制度決定的,很多獎勵,懲罰,選舉都是長久以來一直延續(xù)的制度決定的,我也沒有權利也不可能對其進行什么大幅度的不好的修改。
問題10:你是怎么和校方進行協(xié)商的這種活動安排的?
回答:因為我們本身就是屬于學習類的社團,學校本身就是很支持我們的。我們還有教練隊。那么這些老師也會協(xié)助我們和學校進行協(xié)商,基本上只要照著程序走就好。
社團主要成員簡介
副會長:
姓名:唐善琦 專業(yè):翻譯英語 年級:2010級
任職時間:2011年9月—至今
曾參加活動:2012 華中師范大學外國語學院2011級英語辯論大賽評委 2012“外研杯”全國英語辯論大賽宣傳方 2012 與高校外院英語辯論大賽策劃者
2011 華中師范大學外國語學院英語辯論大賽主辦方 2010 華中師范大學外國語學院英語辯論大賽參賽選手
活動部部長
姓名:李樹奇 專業(yè):翻譯英語 年級:2010級
任職時間:2011年9月—至今
曾參加活動:2012“外研杯”全國英語辯論大賽宣傳方 2012 與高校外院英語辯論大賽參與者
2011 華中師范大學外國語學院英語辯論大賽主辦方 2010 華中師范大學外國語學院英語辯論大賽參賽選手
宣傳部部長
姓名:陳志新 專業(yè):翻譯英語 年級:2011級
任職時間:2011年9月—至今
曾參加活動:2012“外研杯”全國英語辯論大賽宣傳方 2012 與高校外院英語辯論大賽參與者
2011 華中師范大學外國語學院英語辯論大賽參賽選手
網(wǎng)絡部部長
姓名:李伊 專業(yè):日語國貿(mào) 年級:2011級
任職時間:2011年9月—至今
曾參加活動:2012“外研杯”全國英語辯論大賽宣傳方 2012 與高校外院英語辯論大賽參與者
2011 華中師范大學外國語學院英語辯論大賽參賽選手
人力資源部部長
姓名:魏成 專業(yè):法語系 年級:2011級
任職時間:2011年9月—至今
曾參加活動:2012“外研杯”全國英語辯論大賽宣傳方 2012 與高校外院英語辯論大賽參與者
2011 華中師范大學外國語學院英語辯論大賽參賽選手
外聯(lián)部部長
姓名:吳非 專業(yè):翻譯英語 年級:2010級
任職時間:2011年9月—至今
曾參加活動:2012“外研杯”全國英語辯論大賽宣傳方 2012 與高校外院英語辯論大賽參與者
2011 華中師范大學外國語學院英語辯論大賽主辦方 2010 華中師范大學外國語學院英語辯論大賽參賽選手
學術部部長(辯論隊隊長)
姓名:劉凡 專業(yè):翻譯英語 年級:2010級
任職時間:2011年9月—至今
曾參加活動:2012 華中師范大學外國語學院2011級英語辯論大賽評委
2012“外研杯”全國英語辯論大賽宣傳方
2012 與高校外院英語辯論大賽“最佳辯手” 2011 華中師范大學外國語學院英語辯論大賽主辦方 2010 華中師范大學外國語學院英語辯論大賽參賽選手
成員采訪記錄
(注:所問問題基本相同所以相似的答案一起歸納,所有采訪均是分開進行保證了信息的基本準確性)問題1:你如何評級會長的工作?
回答:會長工作基本上十分認真負責,就是最近由于有些忙于自己出國交換生的事情有點沒有以前那么盡心盡力,再加上換屆馬上來臨,有很多工作都轉交給大一去鍛煉去了。問題2:你覺得會長在工作時具有什么樣的個性?
回答:其實我們會長比我們絕大多數(shù)大二都要小,開會分配任務時也是輕聲細語,笑容可掬的,十分沒有架子。而且會長十分信任我們,把很多權力直接下放給了我們部長級別,而且他也很放心我們再把工作分配給成員。(不同觀點在于:有的11級的部長覺得會長有時十分嚴格的,就是不太喜歡一遍遍講同一個任務,但是他對于初次開始工作的人犯的錯誤還是很能接受的。)
問題3:你覺得會長這樣的管理方式是有效的嗎?
回答:基本有效。因為學習英語主要還是自己個人的事情。我們辯論協(xié)會只可能是起到一個輔助作用,主要還是靠自己。如果我們給成員太過多的負擔,會讓他們十分緊張,甚至是想放棄,反而起不到社團本身的目的。我覺得會長這種允許百花齊發(fā),大家自主思考的管理方式是合乎我們社團的。
(副會長認為不應該限定辯論團隊,不過她表示這只是辯論的小問題。)問題4:會長平時善于與你們溝通嗎?
回答:當然沒有特別的進行溝通,但是因為基本上都在一個班級或者是相鄰的班級平時遇到時候還是會聊一下,但是沒有什么大問題的時候,應該不會有事沒事就形式化的聊聊天。
(11級的部長以及小語種的部長表示與會長見面機會較少,所以溝通機會不是很多,但是有大型事宜的時候會長會主動電話通知。)問題5:會長是經(jīng)常表揚鼓勵還是批評居多?
回答:不存在這個問題,大家都是同學。我們都叫會長“小不點”,所以有什么事情大家也是一起做一起想,如果一定要說還是表揚居多。
總結和評論
基本上來說這是小規(guī)模的學術性的高效的比較自由的社團。在校內(nèi)在取得了一定的成就,在校外也獲得了一定的認可度。
會長的管理方式基本上屬于自由放權的管理,相對于人為的管理,更多是按照已有的規(guī)劃計劃行事。會長本身也很重視社團的長遠發(fā)展,運用自己的一些課余時間也在思考這類的問題。
因為社團規(guī)模小,管理層之間十分熟絡,學術比較強,會長這樣的管理有一定的可實施性,但是不適用于大型的,人際關系復雜的社會性的社團。而且社團活動也有可能因為會長自己的事物有一定程度上的耽誤。
會長由于本身年紀小于一般的部長,所以采訪的管理方式也是十分和善的,這樣也取得了一定的成功。但是倘若大家不是同學,很有可能不能服眾。而且會長的主要關系建立在班級的基礎之上,導致不是一個班級的部長們很容易被忽視,那么在那一部分工作的安排會有一定的缺陷,導致整體發(fā)展不均衡。
第四篇:英語演講與辯論教學設計詳案
【關鍵詞】 新課程標準 / 演講 / 辯論 / 教學設計
英語演講與辯論是英語語言綜合能力的體現(xiàn)。隨著英語風行全球及國際間往來的頻繁,人們用英語發(fā)表演說或進行辯論的機會越來越多:正式的學術報告,外國友人的宴會,各級各類的演講與辯論比賽,等等。英語演講與辯論是學生必須掌握的基本技能,理應在學校教育中受到重視。《普通高中英語課程標準》(實驗)在語言技能目標(八級)中有這樣的表述:“能經(jīng)過準備就一般話題作3鐘演講。”九級的目標描述是:“能經(jīng)過準備就一些專題作5-10分鐘演講,并回答有關提問。”而且,講演與辯論作為語言應用類,也已被列為高中任意選修課之一。
英語演講與辯論不僅是一個選修課模塊,也可作為常規(guī)課堂教學的一種方法,用以訓練學生的口語表達能力。把英語演講與辯論作為一種教學方法應用于課堂教學,教學設計如下: 辯論主題:Is it right or wrong to use animals in experiments? 教學目標:
1、引導學生就“動物實驗”話題做發(fā)揮性語言表述,強化語言知識。
2、指導學生明確英語辯論的特點、技巧,提高他們的思維應變能力。教學難點:
以“辯論”的操練形式強化學生的英語思維能力,在公眾場合的聽說能力及臨場應變能力。Teaching procedures design:
Step 1 Warming up I.Provide the debate topic.II.Divide the students into two groups: the positive and the negative according to their own choices.III.Help students collect materials in groups.IV.Make the first draft of their debate, the design of their debate, the strategies, and standards for assessment, and so on.A、The first affirmative speaker must: define the topic;present the affirmative’s team line;begins arguments against the negative side.B、The first negative must: accept or reject the definition;present the negative team line;rebut some of the main points of the first affirmative speaker;presents strong negative arguments.C、The second affirmative must: reaffirm the affirmative’s team line;rebut all the remaining points of the negative’s case;present a summary of the affirmative’s case;round off the debate for the affirmative.D、The second negative must: reaffirm the negative’s team line;rebut all the remaining points of the affirmative’s case;present a summary of the negative’s case.Step 2 Carry out the debating Some of the arguments: I.Positive: It is right to use animals in experiments.Arguments:
1、Animal testing has helped to develop medicines against many diseases.Doctors can become more skilled from working on animals.2、Human life is more important than animal life.Millions of animals are killed for food every year.Using animals for medical science is much more important.3、Few animals feel any pain.They get painkillers and if the experiment does not work, they are killed before they feel pain.II.Negative: It is wrong to use animals in experiments.Arguments:
1、Millions of animals die in experiments that are not successful.Doctors can learn the same things from watching other doctors or videos.2、Animals have the same rights as human beings.Animals are still used to test cleaning products, skin creams and shampoos.There are already many such products;we don’t need more of them.3、Can we know they don’t feel pain? We have no right to kill them.Step 3 commenting Offering comments about the debate according to the standards we discussed.Step 4 Summarizing What have you learned in this lesson? Step 5 Homework
Write a short passage about the debate topic, presenting your own opinion and your arguments or reasons.設計反思:
演講與辯論不同于一般的口語交際,有其特殊性,教師必須更加靈活地控制課堂,以便最大限度地發(fā)揮學生現(xiàn)有的語言交際能力,同時也為他們創(chuàng)造更多的學習機會,克服各種障礙,積極參與。教師也應努力營造一種寬容,友善的課堂氣氛,使學生的演講與辯論活動不受到正確或錯誤的評判。此外,教師還應積極引導,鼓勵學生的主動參與,使每個學生在活動中都能得到鍛煉。要以學生為主體,教師作活動的設計者、學生目標的引導者和學習群體的協(xié)調(diào)者。同時,教師也要提高自身的素質(zhì),不僅要有扎實的英語專業(yè)知識、熟練的專業(yè)技能、較強的課堂組織能力,還要有演講與辯論的示范能力,掌握新課程理念,不斷改進教學方法。
第五篇:英語演講及辯論教學大綱與計劃3
《英語演講及辯論》課程大綱和要求
總學時:
學時,周學時2,共上16周。教材:
社會熱點問題
參考教材:名人演講---響徹世界的聲音 任課教師:辛柯教授
教學目標:本課程是為英語專業(yè)高年級學生開設的,其目的是培養(yǎng)高年紀學生較強的英語講演和辯論能力、較高層次的聽力、寫作能力、思辨能力和多層次分析問題的能力,并擴大知識面和詞匯量。
教學要求:
1、學生通過聽大量英語名人演講磁帶和閱讀有關英語演講材料,掌握演講文體的篇章特點,韻律節(jié)奏等。
2、學生根據(jù)教師所給定的主題(主要是社會熱點問題),寫出自己的講稿(500~800詞),在課后能熟練背誦,在班上演講(5~7分鐘),并回答教師與同學圍繞該主題所提的問題。
3、要求學生就相關主題寫講稿之前,大量閱讀國內(nèi)外英文報紙或雜志、或聽英文廣播,或在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上搜尋資料;對有些觀點不能人云亦云,要從各個層面分析問題,得出具有個人特點、令人信服的結論。
4、學生根據(jù)同一主題,分正反兩方寫出演講稿,由正反方兩方選出代表,進行辯論。由學生投票選出勝方。或者根據(jù)社會熱點問題舉行模擬記者招待會,有記者對主持人提問。
5、每學期每人要寫8~10篇演講稿。
6、要求學生課后反復聽課文所配錄音磁帶,并背誦部分段落。
考試要求:期末根據(jù)本學期所給定的8-10個主題,教師對每一位學生指定或由學生選定主題準備一篇講演稿或辯論稿。在演講之前,抓鬮決定每人的演講或辯論次序,由教師和三名學生擔當?shù)脑u委打分。
成績:
參與課堂活動的表現(xiàn)占總分的30%,完成作業(yè)情況占20%,上課考勤占10%,期末考試成績占40%,其中筆試(根據(jù)所給主題寫的講演稿)占20%,面對面和老師/學生辯論或討論占20%。
序言
語言表達能力是一個人總體能力中非常重要的一部分,是一個人邏輯思維能力、理性分析能力、組織能力、決策能力、感召能力、個人魅力的總體表現(xiàn)。而語言表達中的幽默、哲理又是一個人智慧的體現(xiàn)。
在公眾面前發(fā)表演講是衡量一個人語言運用能力的重要標志。能用英語和他人就一個主題進行辯論是外語學習較高層次的要求;寫演講稿也是寫作的高層次要求,因為演講稿是一種特殊的文體,從用詞、修辭、句子結構到篇章結構都有嚴格的要求。從不同的方位和各個層次把問題分析得有條有理,給聽眾提供信服的證據(jù)和結論也是演講家必備的能之一。高等教育不僅要培養(yǎng)工程師、教師、科學家、醫(yī)生、各種管理人員,同時培養(yǎng)企業(yè)領導人、國家領導人以及雄辯的演講家和辯論家也是高等教育的目標之一.要培養(yǎng)良好的語言表達能力需要大量的語言操練和科學思維的訓練, 同時要加強背誦講稿的能力。里根總統(tǒng)在當演員是就練成了非凡的記憶力。演講時配合得當?shù)氖謩荨⑶∪缙浞值拿娌勘砬椋约扒逦陌l(fā)音,準確的句子和詞的重音都是需要長期訓練的。
Basic requirements for Public Speech and Debate Speeches are not magic.A speech is a combination of information and opinion
written on paper and spoken.If you can have a thoughtful conversation, you can write and give a thoughtful speech.This is just one more reason why spoken English is so important.The following are the basic requirements for a public speech.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.The speech should focus on one topic so that the audience can easily get the gist.The speech that covers too many thoughts, opinions or ideas could only confuse the audience.No speech should last more than 20 minutes.The more important the message, the less time required to say it.The more you speak, the more boring the audient find it is.In other words, the shorter your speech is, the more easily it can be remembered!The Gettysburg Address given by President Lincoln lasted only about 3 minutes.Complicated sentence patterns should be avoided.And parallel structure may very often produce amazing effect.Choose your words carefully.It’s important to remember that your words must be hearable and comprehensible the first time they are spoken.A clear pronunciation is necessary since a lot of words sound alike and the speaker has to give a distinct pronunciation of every word, but sometimes he has to speak very slowly, sometimes very quickly with exciting rhythm.With the help of gesture, the speaker sometimes has to invite the audience for participation, resulting in an exciting atmosphere.Humor is vital.Every speech needs it, and you need it, too, probably at the top.Ronald Reagan always wanted a joke at the beginning of a speech because he needed the quick victory of laughter.It helped him relax.It also helped the audience relax.While debating with others, the most important is to collect convincing facts or data to support your point of view and come to a convincing conclusion.Debating is an art that needs techniques as well as intensive training.The rational analysis of the question concerned and a quick response are based on the participant’s wide range of knowledge.Don’t forget to say thanks.Say your thanks in the manner or with the tone.Offer a compliment or a warm word whenever you can.英語演講及辯論課程計劃
Teaching Plan
This semester we are to have 8 topics for public speech and debate and 4 press conferences.And each topic covers 4 hours;for the first 2 hours, students are divided into small groups(each consisting 4)and discuss the questions given on the topic.After class, they have to collect information on the topic through internet or by reading English newspapers.Then they have to write a speech of 800 to 1000 words.For the second 2 hours, students have to deliver their speeches, with each speech lasting for about 10 to 15 minutes.Then the speaker has to answer the questions raised by their peers and try to defend his/her view.The four press conferences are held in class but preparation is to be done after class, based on the topics given by the instructor or selected by students themselves.Each press conference needs 3 speakers, one standing for an expert in a specific academic field, another for government official, the other for organizer of the press conference.Each speaker has to deliver a short speech concerning the topic given and be ready to answer the questions raised by their peers.The preparation covers the collection of information from internet, reading newspapers, listening to the radios or discussion among students.Week 1 to 2: Topics: Urbanization in China(A constant migrant army of farmers from rural areas into urban areas, advantages and disadvantages 從鄉(xiāng)村大量流入大城市的農(nóng)民工給社會發(fā)展都帶來了那些好處和弊端?)Questions to be discussed: 1.What are the advantages of a constant flow of farmers from countryside into cities? What are the major contributions that the migrating farmers have made in your view? 2.What are the disadvantages caused by the migrating farmers? Which one do you think that has the biggest potential danger? 3.What can government at different levels do when so many farmers can not get their regular pay? 4.Why do so many city people look down them while they benefit a lot from these migrating farmers? 5.Why is it inevitable to stop this constant flow of farmers
during the process of our urbanization and modernization? 6.What are the main features of Chinese urbanization?
Week 3 to 4:Topics:Marriage and divorce(The rising divorce rates, the development of man’s civilization or the decline of man’s moral standard 中國目前持高不下的離婚率是人類文明的進步還是人們道德水準的下降?)
Question to be discussed:
1.What are the main factors that caused divorce in China now? Which one do you think is more important than others? 2.Why does our society become so tolerate to the third partner in the marriage in China now? 3.Why does cohabitation(同居)becomes so popular in China now? 4.Why do students from single parent family tend to have mental problems? What help can we offer? 5.Why does economic booming in China triggers rising divorce while in Western society economic depression results in divorce booming?(for reference)
6.Who are hurt most in the divorce? The parents of those who are involved? Or the wife? Or the children? Why?
7.Why do governments at different levels adapt many policies to protect children’ benefits when their parents divorce? Why do children whose parents are not illegally married share the same benefits as other children when 4
their parents parted?
Marriage is, of course based on love but that does not necessarily mean that when love has gone the marriage is over.Marriage needs nourishing.It needs mutual trust, loyalty, understanding, consideration, patience, devotion as well as sacrifice.Week 5 to 6: Topic: Smoking, an enjoyment or slow suicide(抽煙是一種享受還是一種慢性自殺?)Questions to be discussed: 1. Why does the number of smokers, especially teenagers, keep rising dramatically in China while it drops down sharply in developed countries? 2. Why does governments warn people of the danger of smoking while encourage farmers to grow more tobaccos and manufacturers to produce more cigarettes? 3. Why do so many medical doctors keep smoking even if they know many of their patients die of smoking related diseases? 4. Why do so many college students keep smoking even if they don’t
have any income? 5. If one of your family members smokes what hazards can it bring to the family? What can you do to help him/her quit smoking? 6. Why does governments at different levels ban smoking in public places? What effective measures can be taken to do it?
7. Why is difficult to detect smoking related diseases, such as lung cancers?
8. If your spouse is a heavy smoker, what can you do help him/her? And if all that fails, what can you do?
Week 7 To 8: Topics: Develop public transportation or private cars(在中國目前經(jīng)濟條件下,發(fā)展公交好還是發(fā)展私人小汽車好?)
1.What benefits can we get when we try to develop car industry? 2.What problems are caused by the development of car industry? 3.Why do many people insist that we should develop public transportation first? 4.Is it reasonable for many young couples to save money to buy private cars even if the price of gasoline keeps rising? Why? 5.What is the possibility of replacing gasoline by other forms of clean energy? 6.Why does government set very strict penalty for drunk driving? 7.What does the term “car culture mean”? What is difference between American and Chinese Car Culture?
Week 9 to 10: Economic development and environment protection(經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護是否相互矛盾?)Questions to be discussed? 1.Is it contradictory to develop our economy and improve our living standard while focusing on the protection of our environment? Why? 2.What facts cause the global warming? What bad effects can we predict? 3.What does the policy of sustainable economic development really mean? 4.What can we learn from the developed countries when they seriously polluted their environment during industrial revolution? 5.How can we establish a friendly relationship between man and its environment?
Week 11 to 12: Pet Animals, Benefits and Problems(寵物給社會帶來的好處多余弊端,還是問題多余好處
1.Can you list the main reasons why so many people raise pet animals at home? Do you think that our society is so affluent that we can afford what pet animals need? 2.What benefits do pet animals bring in? What kinds of people are likely
to raise pet animals? What kind of pet animals do they raise? 3.What problems do pet animals cause? How do we handle these problems? What is the correct attitude towards pet animals and their owners in our society? 4.It is reasonable for college students to raise pet animals at dorm? If yes, why? If no, why? What does school discipline say about it? 5.Rabies(hydrophobia 狂犬病)is a deadly disease spread by pet animals, but why do so many people risk their life to keep pet animals? What diseases do man and animals share?
6.Why does pet animals’ dropping become one of the biggest concerns for every big city across the world? What are your suggestions for it? Week 13 to 14: Topic: Facing a shrinking job market, what can we(job
hunters)do?(大學畢業(yè)生如何面對緊縮的人才市場?)Questions to be discussed:
1.Why do so many people blame the development of hi-tech for shrinking job markets? Do you think that is reasonable? 2.Do you think there is a striking gap between what you learnt in the university and what the job markets demand? If yes, Why? If not, why? 3.What have you learnt from being interviewed on the job markets? 4.Why does sex discrimination on job markets still exist even if we claim men and women are born equal? 5.Do you think it is reasonable for women to stay at home taking care of children and husbands when we are facing a shrinking job market?
Week 15 to 16: Topic: One couple, one child policy(一對夫婦,一個孩子政策給社會發(fā)展帶來的利和弊)
Questions to be discussed: 1.What advantages and disadvantages does the policy of “one couple, one child” bring to the development of our society? 2.Why did “one child” policy meet strong policy in the late 70s and early 80s, especially in the rural areas but now it is well accepted? 3.What potential dangers do we have if so many young couples don’t want to have any children? 4.Do you think that we will have a shortage of labor force in 10 or 20 years if we still carry out this policy? If yes,why? If not, why? 5.What difference do you find between the only child in the family and children who have brothers and sisters?
Week 17 to 18:Topics: The early coming of the aged society and the incomplete welfare system in China(中國的老年社會的提前到來和還未健全的福利體制)Questions to be discussed:
1.How do we define the aged society? What characteristics does an aged society have? 2.How do we define a complete welfare system in a society? What can the aged people benefit from the welfare system in China? 3.Who should be responsible for the care of aged people in an “empty nest” when their adult children have gone(abroad)where they can make a living?
4.Have you ever imagined what you can do when your parents and your spouse’s parents(4 aged people)are not able to take care of themselves? 5.Do you think it is reasonable for newly married young couple to follow the 5 basic steps in their life, firstly try to save money to buy a big apartment, secondly save money to buy a private car, thirdly save money for the only child’s education, fourthly save money to enjoy themselves, fifthly save money for a decent retired life? If yes, why? If no, why?
Week 19~20 Topic: Keep away from drug(遠離毒品)1.Why does drug abuse become so popular nowadays even if it was eliminated in the early 50s? 2.What are the dangers of drug abuse to our society? 3.What joint efforts can be made by international community since drug smuggling is the biggest concern in the whole world? 4.What knowledge do you have about different forms of drugs? What bad effects can they cause to human beings both physically and mentally? 5.What can we do to keep away from drugs?
Simulated Press Conferences
Procedures: The organizer of the simulated press conference gives a brief introduction to the government official and the expert veterinarian and then to the main purpose of this press conference.The government official gives a brief account of the new development of bird flu in the country and the veterinarian offers some common knowledge on bird flu and what effective measures can be taken to stop it and how to prevent human beings from suffering it.Then audience from different news medium ask questions and the three speakers give responses.Reference: Topic for 2007 I.War in Iraq Questions to be raised: 1.Is it reasonable for US government to overthrow Sardam’s Regime by force? If yes, why? If no, why?
2.Is it possible for a superpower to conquer a small nation by force? If yes, why? If no, why? 3.Why does the US government insist staying in Iraq in spite of the heavy loss of human lives including both American and British young soldiers and Iraq civilians? 4.Do you think suicide-bombs are powerful weapons to fight against intruders? 5.What is the best solution of Iraq war?
II.Topics Coal Mine Disaster in China(煤礦瓦斯爆炸頻發(fā)所造成的災難)Questions to be raised: 1.What are the main reasons of gas explosion in China and so far how many miners were killed in China this year? 2.Why does the central government demand that the local government officials withdraw their investment from local mines? Why is it so hard for them to carry out this policy? 3.What effective measures can be taken to prevent gas explosion in private mines? 4.How do you compensate for the life loss for the victim’s relatives and what penalty can you give to the responsible people? 5.Why do so many small and private coal mines still keep working even if the central government has already ordered to close down them?
Reference: Topic for 2005
Bird Flu(禽流感在中國的最新發(fā)展)Questions to be raised: 1.By what channels does bird flu spread so quickly? What effective measures can we take if bird flu is found in a chicken farm? 2.What is the potential danger of bird flu to human beings?
3.Is it curable if man suffers from bird flu? What is the death percentage
of bird flu patients? 4.What evidences can you present to show that bird flu can not spread from men to men? 5.What is the development of new vaccine to protect human beings from bird flu? And so far how many people died of bird flu?
II.Earthquake in Jiujiang(九江的地震)
Questions to be raised: 1.What effective measures have you taken so far to help homeless people after the earthquake? What do the victims of the earthquake deed badly? 2.How can you ensure that the donations of money or materials from the charity organization be fairly distributed among the victims of earthquake? Can the money be used for other purposes? 3.How do governments at different levels help the local people reconstruct their homes? 4.Is it possible to move these people on the earthquake belts to other save place? If yes, why? If not, why?
5.What is the new development in China to predict earthquake?
III.Gas Explosion in Different Coal Mines in China(煤礦瓦斯爆炸頻發(fā)所造成的災難)
Questions to be raised: 6.What are the main reasons of gas explosion in China and so far how many miners were killed in China this year? 7.Why does the central government demand that the local government officials withdraw their investment from local mines? Why is it so hard for them to carry out this policy? 8.What effective measures can be taken to prevent gas explosion in private mines? 9.How do you compensate for the life loss for the victim’s relatives and what penalty can you give to the responsible people? 10.Why do so many small and private coal mines still keep working even if the central government has already ordered to close down them?
IV.Water Pollution in Songhuajiang(松花江的水污染)1. What reasons caused the chemical explosion in Jilin Petrol Chemical Plant(吉林石化廠)? What effective measures had been taken by the local authority after the explosion to prevent water pollution? 2. How can you compensate for the loss of production of private enterprises when water supply had been closed down for 4 days in the capital city in Heilongjoiang(黑龍江)? 3. Do the chemicals deposited in the river bed have a long term effect on
human beings’ health? If it has, what can we do? 4. What penalty can you give to the local government leaders who are responsible for the water pollution? 5. If Russia people complain for the water pollution, what can you do? Many people believe that “the one couple one child policy” has brought benefits to our economic development but other people insist that we should stop this policy since China has entered gray hair society and we will lack labor force in a few years.What is your understanding of this argument?
英語演講和辯論課的考試要求和記分標準
考試要求:期末考試分為口試和筆試;口試根據(jù)本學期所給定的8-10個主題,教師對每一位學生指定或由學生選定主題準備一篇講演稿或辯論稿。在脫稿演講之后和教師就演講的主題辯論,教師根據(jù)學生演講的內(nèi)容、熟練和流利程度打分,占期末總分的20%, 口試在課堂進行;筆試由教師另外所選的兩個主題中任選一個在本學期規(guī)定的2 小時中寫一篇500~800詞的講演稿,成績占期末總分的20%。
成績:
參與課堂活動的表現(xiàn)占總分的30%,完成作業(yè)情況(上交的講演稿)占20%,上課考勤占10%;期末考試成績占40%,其中,面對學生的講演和辯論占20%,筆試(根據(jù)所給主題寫的講演稿)占20%
外國語言文學系任課教師:辛柯教授
Requirements:
1.4 written papers(computer printed)concerning the 4 topics covered 2.1 presentation on behalf the group discussion 3.1 formal speech without any materials in hand 4.Attendance
5.Final written paper of argumentation