第一篇：常見的翻譯技巧

常見的翻譯技巧

一、詞義的多樣性表達

1、一個單詞多種表達

2、多個詞表達一個意思，如表達“死”

除此之外，還有多個詞翻譯成一個意思（主要指英譯漢），不再具體講。

3、幾個單詞

二、增減詞

增詞：原文意思在，表達不清楚，英文中如果不增詞，就表達不夠完整 減詞：原文中表達意思的詞在，如果漢語中不把詞減去的話，顯得累贅 如色狼：wolf 不能說color wolf

（一）添詞例子：

確保正確，不是100％必須

添加解釋說明性文字，添加必須性文字(重點)。

1、Mr.Edwards and Mr.Cheney offered a striking contrast in appearance as they sat side by side, with Mr.Cheney looking his 63 years and Mr.Edwards looking less than his 51.來自《紐約時報》：愛得華茲先生與切尼先生并排就座時，外表殊為不同，切尼先生看上去與實際年齡63歲相仿，而愛得華茲先生看上去比實際年齡51歲年輕。

2、This great scientist was born in New England.這位偉大的科學家出生于美國東北部的新英格蘭。

3、Those were the words that were to make the world blossom for me, “like Aaron’s rod, with flowers.”(high priest)

were to表示將來；Aaron是摩西的兄弟

正是這幾句話，日后讓整個世界在我面前如花展開，就像《圣經》中所說的“亞倫的杖開了花”。（來自美國的海倫凱勒）

4、三個臭皮匠，抵個諸葛亮

Two heads are better than one.The wit of three cobblers surpasses that of Zhuge Liang, the master mind.(civic pride)

5、班門弄斧

to teach fish to swim;to teach the old granny to suck eggs

to show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban, the master carpenter 陰: negative aspect of things

（二）減詞例子：

減去解釋說明性文字

減去原文有、不減難受的詞，減去必須性，必須減。

1、According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1,000 years).英國電信的未來學家Ian Pearson認為，這些成就預計將出現在新千年頭幾十年之中。

2、We take this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make prompt shipment of the merchandise.告訴你們，可以立即裝船。

3、大會準備工作正在緊張有序地進行。

The preparations for the conference are underway in a busy but ordering manner.4、失業問題一直是我們工作的中心。

The(issue of)unemployment has always been the centre/focus of our work.三、漢語四字格的使用 只針對英譯漢

1.Even the most beautiful became bent and toothless, their dark clothes smelling, as the mamma’s did, of smoke and manure.即使絕色佳人也會彎腰駝背、皓齒盡落，一身皂衣，如同奶媽的衣服一樣，全是煙味，臭氣熏人。

2.On this battle rests the fate of our nation.Let every man do his utmost.民族命運決于此役，凡我士兵必須奮力抗敵。

3.Drew Pearson, a thirty-four-year-old reporter, described them as “ragged, weary, and apathetic,” with “no hope on their faces.”

Drew Pearson，一位34歲的記者，表述他們時說，他們衣衫襤縷，疲憊不堪、冷漠無情，一臉絕望。4.To Henry Kissinger, for whose wise counsel and dedicated services far beyond the call of duty I shall always remain grateful.致Henry Kissinger，精于良言、鞠躬盡瘁、逾于所司，永至不忘。

5.a world of difference, take a risk in desperation, await with great anxiety, decline with all sorts of excuses

天壤之別、鋌而走險（孤注一擲）、翹首以待（望穿秋水）、百般推辭

四、詞性的轉換

(一)一般情況下：漢語動詞用的多，英語名詞用的多，漢譯英，動詞轉名詞；英譯漢，名詞轉動詞

1.絕對不允許違反這個原則。

Violation of the principle should never be allowed/tolerated.2.堅持一個中國的原則是實現和平統一的基礎與前提。

Adherence to the “One-China” policy should serve as the basis and prerequisite for peaceful reunification.3.Everyone was away on holiday.每個人都出去度假。

4.He came to my home for help.他到我家來請求幫助。

5.I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.我非常感謝我的父親，因為在我還是小孩子的時候，他就不停的鼓勵我。

（二）單詞介紹：apathetic describe

1、“a”表示“無”如：: atheist 無神論者, amoral/immoral 無關道德的/沒有道德的, atypical pneumonia 非典, SARS: severe acute respiratory syndrome, 嚴重的呼吸道傳染綜合癥

2、“path”表示情感: sympathy 同情, antipathy 反感, empathy 可以將心比心的理解他人, pathology, 病理學

3、“scribe”表示寫: prescribe 開處方, script 文字資料、腳本, scripture 宗教經典, scribble 亂涂亂劃, postscript 附言（商業信函中禁用）, inscribe 刻, inscription 碑銘, subscribe 訂閱, manuscript 手稿，五、表達法的正反轉換

原文肯定，翻譯后為“不+否定”，有意想不到的效果，如：語氣緩和或漢語中沒有此種表達方法

1.Wet paint.油漆未干

2.Keep upright.(Handle with care.)切勿倒置（小心輕放）3.Admission by invitation only.非請莫入

4.If it rains in Cleveland today, volunteers will stand in lines with umbrellas to keep voters dry.如果今天克里弗蘭下雨，志愿者將打著傘排著隊，以免選民淋濕。

5.If any mater should be added after this contract comes into force, then such a matter shall be agreed upon by

both sides through friendly consultations and confirmed by means of exchanging official documents.本合同生效后如有未盡事宜，須經雙方友好協商同意，并交換正式文本以確認

注意：表達法的正反轉換要根據具體情況，主要出于兩點：

1、表達習慣；

2、語氣的緩和與加強

六、直譯與意譯

盡量用直譯；

兩種情況下不能用直譯：

1、比喻在一種語言中可以接受，而在另一種語言中不能接受

2、特別具有豐富文化內涵的詞

第一種情況的例子

1、drink like a fish形容一個人喝水又多又急，中文形容“牛飲”

2、turn swords into ploughs 化干戈為玉帛

3、pull the chestnut out of the fire 火中取栗

4、天下沒有不散的筵席 No feast lasts forever.The best of friends must part.5、五十步笑百步 The pot calls the kettle black.The soldier who retreated fifty paces laughed at the one who had fallen back a hundred paces.第二種情況的例子

1、You are a clever dog.你真聰明（狗在漢語中有貶義）

2、Every dog has his day.三十年河東、三十年河西；凡人皆有得意時

3、In a word, those nonverbal messages speak to hearts, not heads.總而言之，這些非語言信息是訴之于情感、而非理智。（背景：美國總統大選時對著裝等的評價）

七、句子的分與合（一）合句例子：

1、深圳機場為了方便旅客，設置了四間更衣室。室內設備齊全。

For the convenience of the passengers, Shenzhen Airport has set aside four well-equipped changing rooms.2、盧嘉川挨近她，情不自禁地握住了她的手。這女孩的熱情、大膽和奔向革命的赤誠深深感動了他。

Lu Jiachuan, deeply moved by the girl’s passion, bravery/courage and revolutionary spirit, came up to her and couldn’t help/resist taking her hands.3、道靜氣得渾身發抖。她二話沒說，立刻向經理辭了職。

Trembling/quivering with anger, Daojing gave the manager immediate notice without saying anything.(注意：gave notice表示辭職，預留準備時間，gave a week’s notice)

（二）分句例子：

1、本科生分為四年制和五年制兩種，學生畢業考試及格并且通過論文后，即可獲得學士學位。

The undergraduate program is either four years or five years.After passing the graduation examinations and defending successfully their graduation theses, the students will be conferred a bachelor’s degree.(conferred表示授予，漢語常用獲得)注意：Bachelor’s degree 學士學位

BA(Bachelor of Arts）文科學士

BS(Bachelor of Sciences)理科學士

Master ’s degree 碩士學位

Doctor’s degree 博士學位

Associate Bachelor’s degree

專科學位

Assistant professor 助理教授，不是助教之意

Teaching assistant 助教

2、深圳作為全國最早的特區，與內地經濟往來極為密切，特別是在香港回歸祖國以后，人員往來大為增加，深圳機場是全國十大機場之一。

As the Nation’s/China’s first SEZ, Shenzhen has established very close economic ties with the Nation’s inner parts.Especially after Hong Kong was returned to the motherland, the number of people arriving at and leaving Shenzhen has increased greatly.Shenzhen Airport is one of ten largest airports of the nation.注意：

1、“全國十大機場之一”可以翻成 is nation’s Top Ten airports.2、“人員往來大為增加” 可以翻成 human exchange between Shenzhen and the inner parts of Nation, 但與前面有重復

八、成語的翻譯

首先要弄懂中文意思，其次追求完美

(一)套譯

漢語中的成語，英語中有一個意思非常接近成語，直接套用 call a spade a spade 實話實說；實事求是

reap what one has sown 種瓜得瓜/作繭自縛（區別褒、貶義和感情色彩）kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 殺雞取卵/涸澤而漁 castle in the air 海市蜃樓/空中樓閣 過河拆橋kick down the ladder

格格不入 like a square peg in a round hole

（二）直譯

在成語所包含的比喻和語言內涵被另一種文化完全接受的情況下，可以直譯。Trojan horse 特洛伊木馬 表示從內部起爆 sour grapes

酸葡萄 表示得不到東西的心理

Sphinx’s riddle 斯芬克斯之謎，表示難解之謎 a Judas kiss 猶大之吻，表示叛變、背叛

（三）直譯套譯均可

鑒于有些成語有對應的，但有些人喜歡把意思直接譯出來 to kill two birds with one stone 一石兩鳥/一箭雙雕 crocodile tears鱷魚之淚/黃鼠狼給雞拜年

聲東擊西 to shout in the east and strike in the west/to look one way and row another 掌上明珠 a pearl in the palm/ the apple of one’s eye

對牛彈琴 play a lute to the cow/ cast the pearls before swine

（四）意譯

有些比喻和文化內涵不能另一種語言作接受 in a pig’s whisper 低聲的

make a monkey of somebody 嘲弄某人 the skeleton at the feast令人掃興的人 a family skeleton 家丑

葉公好龍 professed love of what one really fears 毛遂自薦 volunteer one’s service 初出茅廬 at the start of one’s career

（五）特別容易弄錯的成語 pull somebody’s leg 嘲弄某人

eat one’s words 認錯，特別承認自己說錯話 dog-eat-dog 殘酷的，特別表示競爭 in the seventh heaven 極為開心

九、英語從句的漢譯與句序的調整

英語翻譯第一步要保證大的結構調整好，句序結構是基礎。

1、狀語從句調整：挑出主干部分

(1)、澳門，南海之濱一顆閃耀的明珠，以她的風采、滄桑和輝煌，更以1999年12月20日這個不同尋常的日子，吸引著全世界的目光。

A shining pearl on the coast of South China, Macao attracts the world’s attention for her charm, history of great events and glory, especially for the unusual date of December 20, 1999.South China Sea 表示中國南海，不是“南中國海”

East China Sea 東海

（2）、This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.（橫線表示狀語）

通過支持某些與當前目標無關、但是在將來可能很重要的研究，一般情況下似乎可以有效的做到這一點。immediate與in the future相對，表示當前 of possible＝possibly mostly表示在一般情況下

（3）、For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.（橫線表示狀語）

例如，他們不能彌補明顯的社會不公，因此也就不能說明，如果一個貧窮的年輕人在更為有利的環境下成長的話，他可能會有多大才干。

說明：

1、underprivileged字面意思表示特權不足的（委婉語），翻譯時an underprivileged youngster與he位置調換，英語提到人名出現在句子主干中，而漢語則出現在第一次提到的地方。

2、“ster”加在單詞后面表示什么樣的人，如：gang表示幫派，gangster表示匪幫；

3、gross形容不好的意思，表示昭然若揭，非常明顯的小貼士：(1)、翻譯時遇到不認識的詞，怎么辦？

從詞性上說，形容詞、副詞不認識，建議省略，錯譯原比漏譯扎眼

名詞、動詞不認識，則難以處理，盡量通過上下文來推測該詞的意思。

(2)、關于單詞的見解

單詞主要記general word，中高級口譯不會考過于專業的東西，主要考常識性內容，不建議背專項單詞。推薦用書《上海新東方學校中高級口譯詞匯必備》、《上海新東方學校中高級口譯筆試備考精要》

(3)、記憶單詞分長期記憶和短期記憶

通過記詞根和大量閱讀，能夠幫助大家長期記憶

2、定語從句調整

英譯漢時，定語無非前置和后置，變成形容詞性詞或單成一句。

（1）Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.兩個從句：which和that引導

譯文：社會科學是知識探索一個分支，它力求用理智的、有序的、系統的、冷靜的方法研究人類和他們的種種行為，這種方式正是自然科學家用來研究自然現象的。說明：

1、譯文中“正是”一詞來源于“the same”

2、reason作為動詞，表示推理

（2）“In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”

兩個定語從句：as we call it

放在先行詞the scientific revolution之前翻譯

that expanded??

分譯 contends：如果不認識，可以翻譯成“說”，因為前后都有引號 譯文：新學派的一位領導人認為：“簡而言之，我們所謂的科技革命，在很大程度上是指一系列工具的改進、發明和使用，這些改進、發明和使用在各個方面都拓展了科學范圍”。“名詞+介詞+名詞+定語從句”：定語從句99％用來修飾第一個名詞” 注意：

1、定語從句的翻譯方法

(1)合譯：把定語從句放到被修飾詞之前

(2)分譯：定語從句單成一句，先行詞重復一下

2、定語從句先行詞判斷方法（并非100％適用）

（1）、He opposed some proposals for opening the economy, like starting a stock market, that were embraced only after he lost power.先找名詞，再根據定語從句的謂語動詞的單復數判斷先行詞的單復數，則先行詞為“proposals”

譯文：他反對某些開放經濟的提議，如創建股票市場，這些提議只有在他下臺之后，才被人們所接受。

（2）、It assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.根據定語從句謂語動詞單復數，易于判斷which引導的從句用語修飾account，此處account表示講述、評論。

譯文：他假定人們對人權有一個統一的看法，而這種看法根本就不存在。

（3）、這所大學的任務是培養德智體全面發展，能熟練運用外語從事外事和文化交流工作的合格人才。

翻譯時先找主干：這所大學的任務是培養人才(The university aims to turn out qualified graduates)。譯文：The university aims to turn out qualified graduates that are all-roundly/well developed in morality, intellect and physique, and that are able to use proficiently foreign languages in foreign affairs and cultural exchanges.翻譯詞要根據具體情況，如“文明”一詞，文明小區“model”；講文明“politesse, manners”；（4）漢語中的題型“??是??” 兩種方法：“??，which??”或“it is??”

謀求和平與發展、加強對話與合作，是各國人民的普遍愿望。

It is the universal wish of all the nations to achieve peace and development and strengthen dialogues and cooperations.鞏固與東盟面向和平與繁榮的戰略伙伴關系，推進互利互惠的全方位合作，是中國將長期堅持的基本外交政策。

China shall consolidate its strategic partnership with the ASEAN in the direction of peace and prosperity, and promote mutually benefiting cooperation in an all-round manner, which is China’s long-term and basic foreign policy.

第二篇：2018年政府工作報告常見表達及翻譯技巧

2018年政府工作報告常見表達及翻譯技巧

【貢獻率、增加趨勢、年均增長常用表達】

國內生產總值從54萬億元增加到82.7萬億元，年均增長7.1%，占世界經濟比重從11.4%提高到15%左右，對世界經濟增長貢獻率超過30%。

財政收入從11.7萬億元增加到17.3萬億元。居民消費價格年均上漲1.9%，保持較低水平。

China’s gross domestic product(GDP)has risen from 54 trillion to 82.7 trillion yuan, registering average annual growthincrease of 7.1 percent;

its share in the global economy has grown to roughly 15 percent, up from 11.4 percent.China’s contribution to global growth has exceeded 30 percent.Government revenue has increased from 11.7 trillion to 17.3 trillion yuan.Consumer prices rose at an average annual rate of 1.9 percent, maintaining（前項造成的結果或是帶來的影響用V-ing）a relatively low level of growth.【再如： 消費貢獻率由54.9%提高到58.8%，服務業比重從45.3%上升到51.6%，With the share of the service sector rising from 45.3 to 51.6 percent of the economy, consumption’s contribution to growth has increased from 54.9 to 58.8 percent,】

【“加強”常見搭配】

加強兩岸經濟文化交流合作

strengthened cross-Strait economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation 加強定向調控、相機調控、精準調控

enhanced targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation 加強地方政府債務管理

strengthened management over local government debt 注重加強宏觀調控、市場監管和公共服務

done more to improve macro regulation, market regulation, and public services.以企業為主體加強技術創新體系建設

boosted the development of a system for technological innovation 加強援藏援疆援青工作

strengthened aid work in Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai.加強生態環境保護

strengthen environmental protection 加強黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭

done more to improve Party conduct, build a clean government, and fight corruption

著力加強和創新社會治理

focused on enhancing and developing new forms of social governance

【“增強”的表達： growing、比較級（more、better）、boosting、strengthen】

【“著力”常見搭配】 著力創新和完善宏觀調控

focused on developing new and better approachesways to macro regulation made fresh innovations in and refined macro regulation 著力推進供給側結構性改革

made strong moves to advance supply-side structural reform 著力激發社會創造力

a focus on unlocking public creativity 著力破除體制機制弊端

have taken major steps to remove institutional barriers 著力推動平衡發展

have promoted more balanced development 著力保障和改善民生

have endeavored to ensure and improve living standards

【“加大...力度”常見搭配】 加大去產能力度

have intensified efforts to cut overcapacity

加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區扶持力度

have stepped up support for old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas, 加大對各類學校家庭困難學生資助力度

have increased financial aid to students from financially-challenged families studying in all types of schools

突出重點加大補短板力度

have stepped up efforts to strengthen areas of weakness, with a focus on key issues.【“加快”常見搭配】 先進制造業加快發展。

has accelerated the development of advanced manufacturing.加快新舊發展動能接續轉換

sped up the replacement of old growth drivers 加快轉變政府職能

have sped up efforts to transform government functions 分級診療和醫聯體建設加快推進

the development of tiered medical diagnosis and treatment and healthcare consortiums has picked up pace.加快發展文化事業

have moved faster to develop cultural programs 支持民族地區加快發展

supported faster development in areas with large ethnic minority populations 新的增長極增長帶加快成長

Seen（施力者采取某項措施后自然而然得到的結果）new growth poles and belts developing faster.【“堅持”常見搭配】

堅持一個中國原則和“九二共識”

have upheld the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus 堅持穩中求進工作總基調

with a commitment to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability

堅持實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策

have continued to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy 堅持教育優先發展

We have been committed to prioritizing the development of education 【“推進”常見搭配】

統籌推進“五位一體”總體布局，協調推進“四個全面”戰略布局

We have moved forward with the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan* and the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy**, 著力推進供給側結構性改革

made strong moves to advance supply-side structural reform 扎實推進“三去一降一補”

Solid work has moved us forward in the five priority tasks of cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness 實施“中國制造2025”，推進工業強基、智能制造、綠色制造等重大工程

Implementation of the Made in China 2025 Initiative has brought progress in major projects like the building of robust industrial foundations, smart manufacturing, and green manufacturing, 國企國資改革扎實推進

Solid progress has been made in the reform of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)and state assets 推進農村承包地“三權”分置改革

We have pursued reform to separate rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and use rights, 推進國際產能合作

We have moved forward with international cooperation on production capacity 全面推進精準扶貧、精準脫貧

We have made comprehensive moves in targeted poverty reduction and alleviation 推進重點行業節能減排

pushed for progress in energy conservation and emission reductions in key industries 推進重大生態保護和修復工程

We have pursued major ecological conservation and restoration projects 民族、宗教、僑務等工作創新推進

made new improvements in work related to ethnic groups, religion, and overseas Chinese nationals.深入推進政治建軍、改革強軍、科技興軍、依法治軍

taken extensive steps to see that the armed forces are built on political loyalty, strengthened through reform and technology 交流合作深入推進

Exchanges and cooperation have been steadily enhanced 中國特色大國外交全面推進

we have pursued distinctively Chinese major country diplomacy on all fronts.【“推動”常見搭配】

簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務等改革推動政府職能發生深刻轉變

Reforms to streamline administration and delegate powers, improve regulation, and optimize services, have driven profound shifts in the functions of government 推動實現更高層次的供需動態平衡

worked for a dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand at a higher level 推動降低用能、物流、電信等成本。

work has been done to lower energy, logistics, and telecommunications costs.推動大數據、云計算、物聯網廣泛應用 promoted the extensive application of

推動大中型商業銀行設立普惠金融事業部

encouraged large and medium commercial banks to set up inclusive finance divisions 各領域改革的深化，推動了經濟社會持續健康發展。

The deepening of reform in each and every field has given a boost to sustained, healthy economic and social development

倡導和推動共建“一帶一路”

We have launched and worked with other countries in the Belt and Road Initiative 積極推動《巴黎協定》簽署生效

We worked toward and saw that the Paris Agreement was put into force 【“實施”常見搭配】 “十三五”規劃順利實施

Implementation(戰略規劃政策)of the 13th Five-Year Plan has seen smooth progress 制定實施大氣、水、土壤污染防治三個“十條”并取得扎實成效

have designed and enforced a ten-point list of measures for each and achieved solid progress 實施地方政府存量債務置換，降低利息負擔1.2萬億元

issued local government bonds to replace outstanding debt, cutting interest liability by 1.2 trillion yuan.實施創新驅動發展戰略，優化創新生態，形成多主體協同、全方位推進的創新局面

We have put into actioneffect(制度戰略)the innovation-driven development strategy and worked to build a better ecosystem for innovation, giving shape to innovation involving multiple actors making across-the-board advances 實施普惠性支持政策

Adopted(政策措施)support policies designed to benefit all entrepreneurs and innovators 【附：roll out(model模式)；“落實”的表達：fully implementthoroughly act upon】

【其他常見搭配】

完善：improve(systemregulationsmechanisms)新局面：make new advances onembark on a new stage in 建立：beput in placeestablish(systemsschemes)...等：in..., and moreand other+N

V+N+likein+N+like

N..., such as..., V被動

V+N, including...全面：on all fronts(level)in all respects(小康社會)across the board(reform)all(內容實體的比例)nationwide(地理上的范圍scope)full+Nfully+V comprehensive extend...to all sectors across the country

第三篇：法律常見翻譯

法律常見詞匯——be liable for;be liable to 轉載▼

法律常見詞匯——be liable for;be liable to be liable for;be liable to 釋義: 對……應負有責任, be responsible in accordance with law 用法: be liable for sth.;be liable to sb.例1 Should the carrying vessel has arrived at the port of shipment as advised and the Seller fails to have the quantity of the goods ready for loading in time as specified, the Seller shall be liable for any dead freight or demurrage.注釋:（1）the carrying vessel：買方船只，即承運船只

（2）fails to have the quantity of the goods ready for loading in time as specified：不能按規定的時間備妥貨物以待裝船

（3）the Seller shall be liable for any dead freight or demurrage：則（由此而產生的）空艙費及滯期費應由賣方負擔 dead freight：空艙費；demurrage：滯期費

參考譯文：

如果買方船只按照到達裝運港，而賣方不能按規定的時間備妥貨物以待裝船，則由此而產生的空艙費及滯期費應由賣方負擔。

例2 Party A shall not, under this guarantee, be liable for any direct or indirect loss whatsoever arising out of any defect in the parts or components thereof.注釋：

（1）under this guarantee：根據本擔保

（2）be liable for any direct or indirect loss：承擔任何直接或間接損失的賠償責任 參考譯文：

根據本擔保，甲方不應承擔因零部件缺陷而引起的任何直接或間接損失的賠償責任。例3 A company may invest in other limited liability companies or companies limited by shares and be liable to the companies which it has invested in to the extent of the amount of capital invested in such companies.注釋：

（1）invest in other limited liability companies or companies limited by shares：向其他有限責任公司、股份有限公司投資

（2）to the extent of the amount of capital invested in such companies：以該出資額為限 參考譯文：

公司可以向其他有限責任公司、股份有限公司投資，并以該出資額為限對所投資公司承擔責任。

例4 If the share prospectus, measures for offer of corporate bonds, financial or accounting report, listing report document, annual report, interim report or ad hoc report announced by an issuer or securities underwriting company contain or contains any falsehood, misleading statement or major omission, thus causing losses to investors in the course of securities trading, the issuer or the company shall be liable for the losses and the responsible director(s), supervisor(s)and /or the manager of the issuer or the company shall be jointly and severally liable for such losses.注釋：

（1）share prospectus：招股說明書

（2）measures for offer of corporate bonds：公司債券募集辦法（3）financial or accounting report：財務會計報告（4）listing report document：上市報告文件（5）annual report：報告

（6）interim report：臨時報告，亦稱中期報告（7）ad hoc report：臨時報告

（8）an issuer or securities underwriting company：發行人、承銷的證券公司

（9）shall be jointly and severally liable for such losses：應當承擔各自的連帶賠償責任 參考譯文：

發行人、承銷的證券公司公告招股說明書、公司債券募集辦法、財務會計報告、上市報告文件、報告、中期報告、臨時報告，存在虛假記載、誤導性陳述或者有重大遺漏，致使投資者在證券交易中遭受損失的，發行人、隨銷的證券公司應當承擔賠償責任，發行人、承銷的證券公司負有責任的董事、監事、經理應當承擔各自的連帶賠償責任。

例5 After arrival at the destination port of Party A, the machinery shall be assembled by Party A itself.When Party A believes it is necessary to get the technical assistance from Party B, Party B shall send its technicians to provide technical guidance on the site and other required technical assistance during the assembling of key parts of the machinery.Party B shall be liable for the losses incurred in the course of assembling due to the technical default.注釋：

（1）the destination port of Party A：甲方口岸（目的港）

（2）the machinery shall be assembled by Party A itself：設備由甲方自行安裝（3）the technical assistance from Party B：乙方的技術服務（4）to provide technical guidance on the site：進行現場指導

（5）during the assembling of key parts of the machinery：在主要設備安裝過程中

（6）Party B shall be liable for the losses incurred in the course of assembling due to the technical default：在安裝過程中由于技術上的問題所造成的損失由乙方負責

參考譯文：

設備到達甲方口岸后，由甲方自行安裝。但在主要設備安裝過程中，甲方認為需要時，乙方必須派出技術人員進行現場指導，提供必要的技術服務；在此過程中由于技術上的問題所造成的損失由乙方負責。

例6 If, in accordance with the Contract, Party B fails to make purchase of the products of compensation trade and Party A fails to deliver the products in question, either Party shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Contract, be liable for a breach of Contract, and shall indemnify for all the economic losses.注釋：

（1）Party B fails to make purchase of the products of compensation trade：乙方未能按合同規定購買補償貿易商品

（2）Party A fails to deliver the products in question：甲方未能按合同提供商品時（3）be liable for a breach of Contract：承擔違約責任

（4）indemnify for all the economic losses：賠償由此造成的經濟損失

參考譯文：

如乙方未能按合同規定購買補償貿易商品或甲方未能按合同提供商品時，均應按合同條款承擔違約責任，賠償由此造成的經濟損失。

例7 The Contractor shall, under the provisions of Clause 82 on the obligations of the Contractor, be liable for any loss or damage to the Works during the execution and operation of the Works.注釋：（1）under the provisions of Clause 82 on the obligations of the Contractor：按照第82條對承包人責任的規定

（2）any loss or damage to the Works：對工程的任何損失或損壞

（3）during the execution and operation of the Works：在施工及作業過程中

參考譯文：

按照第82條對承包人責任的規定，承包人亦應對其在施工及作業過程中造成的對工程的任何損失或損壞承擔責任。

例8 Unless such defect, shrinkage or other fault is the one for which the Contractor is liable under the Contract, the Engineer shall, after due consultation with the Employer and the Contractor, determine the amount in respect of the costs of such search incurred by the Contractor.The amount in question shall be added to the Contract Price and the Engineer shall notify the Contractor accordingly, with a copy to the Employer.注釋：

（1）such defect, shrinkage or other fault：缺陷、收縮或其它不合格之處

（2）for which the Contractor is liable under the Contract：按合同規定，……屬承包商的責任（3）after due consultation with the Employer and the Contractor：與業主和承包人充分協商之后

（4）determine the amount in respect of the costs of such search incurred by the Contractor：確定承包人由于上述調查所支出的費用總額

（5）the amount in question shall be added to the Contract Price：應將其增加到合同總價中（6）the Engineer shall notify the Contractor accordingly, with a copy to the Employer：工程師應相應通知承包人，并將一份副本呈交業主

參考譯文：

除非按合同規定，上述缺陷、收縮或其它不合格之處應屬承包商的責任，否則工程師應在與業主和承包人充分協商之后，確定承包人由于上述調查所支出的費用總額，并應將其增加到合同總價中，工程師應相應通知承包人，并將一份副本呈交業主。

例9 If such defect, shrinkage or other fault is the one for which the Contractor is liable, the cost of the Work carried out in searching as aforesaid shall be borne by the Contractor.Provided that, in such case, the Contractor shall, in accordance with the provisions of Clause 82, remedy such defect, shrinkage or other fault at his own cost.注釋：

（1）for which the Contractor is liable：……是承包人的責任

（2）remedy such defect, shrinkage or other fault at his own cost：自費修補上述缺陷、收縮或其它不合格之處

參考譯文： 如上述缺陷、收縮或其它不合格之處是承包人的責任，則上述有關調查工作的費用應由承包人承擔。在此種情況下，承包人應按第82條規定自費修補上述缺陷、收縮或其它不合格之處。

例10 The Employer shall not be liable to the Contractor for the matter or thing arising out of or in connection with the Contract or execution of the Works, unless the Contractor has included a claim in respect thereof in his Final Statement and in the statement at completion referred to in Sub-Clause 92.5.注釋：

（1）the Employer shall not be liable to the Contractor for…：業主不應對承包人（就……）負有責任（2）unless the Contractor has included a claim in respect thereof in his Final Statement and in the statement at completion referred to in Sub-Clause 92.5：除非承包人在其最終報表中以及在第92.5款提及的竣工報表中已經包括索賠事宜

參考譯文：

除非承包人在其最終報表中以及在第92.5款提及的竣工報表中已經包括索賠事宜，對由合同及工程實施引起的或與之有關的任何問題和事件，業主不應對承包人負有責任。

第四篇：漢英翻譯技巧

漢英翻譯技巧

第一節 漢語無主語句的英譯處理

一、祈使句對應為祈使句

e.g.小心輕放。

Handle with care.量體裁衣，看菜吃飯。Fit the dress to the figure and fit the appetite to the dishes.寧為雞首，不為牛后。Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse.二、采用英語的被動結構譯出 采用英語被動結構翻譯的漢語無主語句一般的情況：一是某些表示事物存在的無主語句；二是有些句子突出賓語部分，在翻譯時可以不用補出主語而用原句中的賓語來充當主語。e.g.這兒將修建更多的居民大樓。More apartments will be built here.利用發電機，可以將機械能轉變為電能。

The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator.在合同中，詳細地規定了雙方必須履行的各種條件。

In the contract, all kinds of conditions which both sides should follow were laid down in detail.沒有愛心，就無法了解人生。

Life cannot be understood without much charity.三、采用倒裝語序 e.g.地下埋藏著大量的金銀。

Hidden underground is a wealth of gold and silver.隨著一聲吼叫，忽的從樹林里竄出一只老虎來。

Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.山里住著個老和尚。

In the mountain lived on an old monk.四、采用 THERE BE 結構 例句：沒有順利，無所謂困難；沒有困難，也無所謂順利。

Without facility, there would be no difficulty;without difficulty, there would also be no facility.剩下的時間不多了。There is very little time left.蘿卜白菜，各有所愛。

There is no accounting for taste.無水則無魚。

Without water there would be no fish.樓下有人想和你說話。

There is a man downstairs who wants to speak to you.you are wanted downstairs.五、采用 IT 作主語譯出

例句：要解決問題，還必須做系統、周密的調查工作和研究工作。

In order to solve the problem it is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation and study.與自然作斗爭，倍感快樂。It is a great joy to battle against nature.活到老學到老。

It is never too old to learn.子曰：學而時習之，不亦說乎？有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？

Confucius said, is it not a pleasure after all to practice in due time what one has learnt? Is it not a delight after all to have friends come from afar?

六、增添適當的代詞或名詞充當主語 例句： 知彼知己，百戰不殆。

If you know your enemy and yourself, you can fight a hundred battles without peril.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

If one does not enter the tiger’s den, how can he get a tiger’s cub.六、因文制宜，區別對待

例句：未經審批機關批準，合同中不得規定禁止接受方在合同期滿后繼續使用技術的條款。

Unless approval has been obtained from the examining and approving organ, a contract shall not include provisions prohibiting the recipient from continuing to use the technology after the expiry of the contract term.由于英語被接受為聯合國的官方語言之一，這就使英語在國際外交場合使用得更為廣泛了。

The use of English in international diplomacy is strengthened by its acceptance as one of the official languages of the U.N.說明白了一切，就再無奧妙可言了。It will leave nothing in obscurity;everything is seen.Exercises: 1.要適可而止，否則就要完蛋。

2.不遠處傳來了提琴的聲音，調子哀enough, or we will die.Enough is 傷。Not far away from the sound of the fiddle, and that'll sorrow.3.在游廊的最左端，靠近一道門，坐著一位將近30歲的男子。

4.他的書桌上放著帶有細菌的小碟the left, near a door, sits a nearly 30 years old man.Most of the veranda at 子。His desk is put a little dish of bacteria

All in all, it was two 5.總之，是兩點而不是一點。

6.花瓶里沒有水了。and not a bit.The vase no water.7.要

很容易看得出來那作家是一位生手，剛從事寫作。8.。

Very easy to see the writer is a beginning, just writing

9.不怕一萬，就怕萬一one thousand.Ten thousand not afraid, afraid of 10.還看不出來他能挑得起這副擔子。Also see he can pick up the burden alone.11.去年

12.必須認真做好建廠前的準備工作。The factory must do the preparing work before.Should teach children to 13.應該教導兒童講實話。

14.必須保證8小時的睡眠。

15.發現了錯誤，一定要改正。tell the truthhours of sleep.must correct.Must ensure that eight

Find a mistake，第二節、漢語“是”字句的英譯處理

一、表示“等同”

例句：他最佩服的就是你。

Of all the people, you are the one he admires most.二、表示“類屬” 例句：這臺機器是進口的。

The machine was imported from abroad.他是來找你的。He is here to see you.三、表示“事物狀態” 例句：要是舊社會，遇上這樣大的水災，早已是哀鴻遍野了。

If a flood of such magnitude had hit the land in the old days, the stricken area would have been a scene of desolation and despair.你現在是身不由己，只能聽他的。You have to listen to him whether you like it or not.四、表示“存在” 例句：她滿臉是淚，默不作聲。She was soundless and her cheeks were bathed in tears.別看他長得胖，其實渾身是病。Despite his stout build, he suffers from all sorts of diseases.五、在兩個類似結構中表示“區別”，轉換為英語相對的對比結構。例句：他是他，我是我，我們誰也管不著誰。

We have our own wills, he and I, neither is the other’s master.昨天是昨天，今天是今天，情況是不斷變化的。

Events are moving very fast;what was true yesterday may not be so today.這個人言行不一，說是說，做是做。This man’s deeds do not match his words;he never practices what he preaches.敵是敵，友是友，必須分清界限。A friend is a friend, a foe is a foe;one must be clearly distinguished from the other.六、表示“讓步”，用適當的副詞或者讓步句型來體現。例句：書是好書，可惜貴了點。It is true that this is a good book, but it’s a bit too expensive.他的本意是好的，只是措辭不當。He meant well, but he didn’t put across his ideas properly.你就是有天大的本事，恐怕也施展不開。

However capable you are, you probably can do nothing in this circumstance.這房子老是老，但離商店近，采購方便。

Indeed, the house is old, but as it is close to the stores, it is convenient for shopping.六、表示“強調”，一般轉換為強調句式 例句：是誰教你這樣做的？ Who told you to do so? 是這位解放軍戰士救了你。

It was this PLA man who saved you.我寫的信是給她的，不是你。

It was to her that I wrote a letter, not to you.七、表示“凡是”，由英語習慣句型決定。

例句：是人都會犯錯誤。

Every man is liable to error./ No one is free from error.是孩子他都喜歡。He loves all children.正如一句話所說，是親三分像。As an old saying goes, blood is thicker than water.是重活他都搶著干。Whenever there is a tough job, he is always the first to do it.八、表示“恰當” 例句：屋里的家具放得都不是地方。The furniture in the room is arranged exactly where it should not be.你來得正是時候。

You have come just in the nick of time./ You can’t have come at a better come.她穿的裙子很是漂亮。

The dress looks very beautiful on her.九、表示“選擇”或“疑問” 例句：你是看電視還是聽音樂？ 他不是出國了么？

十、表示“確認”，有強調的意思，一般通過助動詞、副詞或短語來體現。

例句：她爸爸是不同意她和湯姆來往的。

Her father does disapprove of her having anything to do with TOM.這件事他是不知道。

He certainly doesn’t know this.這孩子是可愛。

The child is lovely indeed.我不是不懂，只是不想說。

It is not that I didn’t understand, but that I didn’t want to say anything.十一、表示“特征”，一般直譯。例句：馬克思主義的基本原理是普遍適用的。

The fundamental tenets of Marxism are universally applicable.本領高強的人，往往是謙虛好學的。Men of capability are often modest and show a desire to learn.作戰時他總是身先士卒，故能所向披靡。

He was always at the head of his men in battle, and so his army was invincible.練習題

1、我們是坐船去武漢的。

2、玩弄她的感情是卑鄙的。

3、這個故事好是好，就是長了點。

4、這場火災是他們不小心而引起的。

5、滿屋都是煙，連他衣服上都是煙味。

6、他開辦這家工廠完全是白手起7、8、9、10、11、12、家的。

這本書我是有的，可是我一下找不到。

這原來是破舊、窄小的一條舊街。

這人真討厭，總是死皮賴臉的纏著人家。

既然要搞掉他，羅織罪名還不是易如反掌。

今天開這個會啊，是想聽聽各方面的意見。

不管怎么樣，我是決意要完成這項任務的。

Keys: 1.We went to wuhan by chartered boat.2.It was mean of him to play with her/affections.3.It is a good story all right, but a bit too long.4.The fire resulted from their carelessness.5.Smoke filled the room;even his clothes smelled of smoke.6.He built up his factory literally from nothing.7.I have the book somewhere but I cannot lay my hands on it now.8.This place was originally a narrow, shabby street.9.The man is quite a nuisance;he keeps pestering/bothering others/me shamelessly.10.Now that they have decided to get rid of him, charges can easily be framed.11.Look！We are holding this meeting today to make sure that different opinions are put forward freely.12.I mean to accomplish the task, come what may happen.漢語習語的英譯處理

習語是人們在語言發展過程中，經過長期的社會實踐提煉出來的短語或者短句，是語言的精華。從廣義上講，漢語習語包括成語、諺語、俗語、歇后語等。具體特點表現在：

1、習語本身是修辭手段的集中體現，如諧音等來增加美感，如“嘴上沒毛，辦事不牢”，“吃得苦，耐得煩；不怕死，霸得蠻”；英語中的“by hook or by crook”, as red as a rose。

2、習語是語言中獨立、不規則而固定的因素。如“露出馬腳”不能說成“露出豬腳”，“雪中送炭”不能說成“雪中送煤”。基于上述特點，翻譯過程中必須注意：

1、盡量保存原文的民族特色和風格，在可能的情況下以直譯為主。

2、不能把習語當做普通語句處理，注意修辭美感。

一、漢語習語英譯的常用方法

1、英語同義句借用法

A: 借用意義和形象相同或相似的 B: 借用意義相同但形象不同的 例如： A:

隨大流，以牙還牙 隔墻有耳 一文不名絞盡腦汁 針鋒相對 時時刻刻 千鈞一發 渾水摸魚 swim with the tide a tooth for a tooth walls have ears

without a penny to one’s

name

to rack one’s brain give tit for tat every now and then hung by a thread to fish in troubled water

如坐針氈 a bed of thorns 謀事在人，成事在天

Man proposes, God disposes 星星之火可以燎原

Little chips light great fire.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井繩 Once bit, twice shy.空中樓閣、君子協定、事實勝于雄辯、有其父必有其子、B:

半斤八兩 six of one and half a dozen of the other 無足輕重

of no account 錦囊妙計

ace in the hole/sleeve 非公莫入

no admittance 徒勞無益

hold a candle to the sun 茫然若失

be all adrift 水中撈月

fish in the air 乳臭未干

the smell of the baby 壽終正寢

die in the bed 一丘之貉

birds of a feather(flock together)

2、直譯法

蓬頭垢面 with disheveled hair and dirty face

求同存異 see common ground while reserving differences 撲朔迷離

complicated and confusing

樸實無華

simple and unadorned 能者多勞

the abler a man, the busier he gets.自力更生 regeneration through one’s own efforts 順水推舟 push the boat with current 欺軟怕硬 bully the weak and fear the strong 半途而廢 give up halfway 口蜜腹劍 with honey on one’s lips and murder in one’s heart.有錢能使鬼推磨

If you have money you can even make the devil turn your mill(serve for you).十年樹木百年樹人

It takes ten years to grow trees but a hundred years to rear/cultivate people.路遙知馬力，日久見人心。

A long road tests a horse’s strength, while a long time proves one’s heart.天有不測風云，人有旦夕禍福

Storms gather without warning in nature, while bad luck befalls men overnight.3、意譯法

畏首畏尾 over-cautious

不到黃河不死心

Not stop until one reaches one’s goal 獨木不成林

One person cannot accomplish much.4、節譯法 漢語習語中有些是對偶詞組，往往前后兩對含義相同

無影無蹤 vanish without a trace 長吁短嘆 千真萬確 一朝一夕 根深蒂固 不屈不撓 自給自足 經久耐用 同心同德 清規戒律 油頭粉面 驚心動魄

sigh deeply be quite true overnight deep-rooted unswerving self-sufficient durable with one mind taboos(regulations)high-painted soul-stirring

5、直譯加注法

東施效顰 Dongshi, an ugly woman, knitting her eyebrow in imitation of the famous beauty Xi Shi only to make herself uglier—blindly copying others and making oneself look foolish.二、漢語習語中數詞的英譯

1、直譯法

千金難買一笑

A thousand pieces of gold can hardly purchase a smile.一寸光陰一寸金

An inch of time is an inch of gold.一著不慎滿盤皆輸

One careless move loses the whole game.百花齊放，百家爭鳴

Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.聽君一席話，勝讀十年書

One evening’s conversation with a gentleman is worth more than ten-year study.2、保留部分數字

殺一儆百 punish one as an example to others 三心二意 two-minded 兩面三刀 double-faced and tricky 十拿九穩 ninety percent sure

3、省略法（當數字是虛指時）曇花一現 be a flash in the pan 一干二凈 neat and tidy;不三不四 dubious；inappropriate 百無聊賴 to be overcome with boredom 白問不厭 to serve patiently and tirelessly 三言兩語 a few words 五谷豐登、五光十色、五湖四海、十萬火急、才高八斗、千秋萬代（throughout the ages）

第五篇：英譯漢翻譯技巧

英譯漢翻譯技巧

王 瑛

英譯漢部分要求翻譯單句, 而不是段落或篇章。考生首先要讀懂句子,了解句子的語法結構、使用的固定詞組、習慣用法及詞與詞之間的語義關系, 然后, 再正確分析原文的語言現象和邏輯關系,進行透徹的理解, 最后, 力圖用簡潔明了的漢語表達出原文的意思。因此, 考生有必要掌握一些基本的翻譯技巧。

一、翻譯技巧一

一般的英譯漢考題不會只是簡單句。我們在做題時, 首先要從語法入手, 找尋和確定句子大的框架結構, 通過分析把句中的從句和插入部分先排除掉, 明確句子結構有助于我們正確理解整句話的意思。

(一)重點分析句子結構

其實, 就英語的句子結構而言, 是有規律可循的。除去省略句、倒裝句、感嘆句和

一些特殊句子外, 英語句子的結構可歸納為三類: 1.to be句型: 主語 + be + 表語

Miss Jones is a manager.瓊斯小姐是位經理。

2.to do句型: 主語 + do +(賓語)+(狀語)He teaches English in this school.他在這所學校教英語。

3.there be句型: There be + 主語 + 狀語

There are beautiful wildflowers in the hills.山中有美麗的野花。

(二)確定語法現象和慣用結構

英譯漢考題中常見的重點語法有: 時態、語態、主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句、狀語從句、動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞、虛擬語氣、倒裝句、強調句等。考生要非常熟悉這些語法現象, 才不至于對句子產生誤解。例如:

? Anyone who is interested in it can go with us.對這事感興趣的人可以跟我們去。(who引導定語從句修飾主語anyone)? The problem discussed at yesterday’s meeting is very important.昨天會上討論過的那個問題非常重要。(過去分詞短語作后置定語修飾主語the problem)? You could have done better if you had been more careful.要是細心一點的話，你就會做得更好。(if 引導虛擬語氣的條件狀語從句)? Hardly had I said that when she entered the room.我剛說完，她就進來了。(倒裝句, 否定詞hardly位于句首, 助動詞had 放在主語I之前)? It was not until last night that I noticed this matter.直到昨晚我才注意到這件事。(強調句: It was not until+強調成分+that句子其余成分)? The books were either works on travel or detective novels.這些書要么是關于旅行的, 要么就是偵探小說。(連接詞either? or?連接兩個表語)(三)熟悉固定搭配詞組和習慣用法

英譯漢考題中還常常會設計一個關鍵的考點 – 固定搭配的詞組和習慣表達法, 旨在考查考生對詞匯的掌握和運用情況。考生在理解這些習慣用語時會感到很困難, 這是因為單從組成某個習慣用語的詞的字面意思上來理解其含義, 往往會出偏差, 必將影響到對整個句子的理解。例如:

? They came up with a cure for the disease at last.他們最終發現了治療這種疾病的方法(短語動詞,意為“提出;發現”)

? The news got around by word of mouth.這一消息通過人們的口傳播開來。(介詞短語,意為“口頭流傳”)

? It’ll be cheaper in the long run to use real leather.從長遠的觀點來看, 用真皮更便宜。(介詞短語,意為“從長遠的觀點來看”)

? I’ll tell them the truth, regardless of what they want to hear.不管他們愿不愿意聽, 我要告訴他們真相。(形容詞短語,意為 “不管...”)

? Punishment had very little effect on him.懲罰對他沒有什么效果。(名詞短語,意為“對?起作用”)

(四)熟練掌握過渡連接詞

過渡連接詞是使上下文的連接自然、緊湊的有效方法，使文章整體具有結構上的粘著性和意義上的連貫性。因此,熟練掌握過渡連接詞能充分把握住原文的意圖和出題思路。過渡連接詞按語義劃分為以下最常見的幾種類型

表示增補: and , also , besides , what’s more , in addition , furthermore ?

表示因果: for this reason, because of, since, as a result, thus, therefore, so, hence ?

表示轉折: however, still, but, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, though, in fact ?

表示列舉: firstly, secondly, for one thing?for another, to begin with, then, last ?

表示解釋: for example, for instance, that is, namely ? 表示總結: in short, to sum up, in conclusion, briefly, on the whole ?

例如:

? The railroad connects two cities, namely, New York and Chicago.這鐵路聯接兩個城市, 即紐約和芝加哥。(表示解釋)? She was very tired, nevertheless, she kept on working.她雖然很疲倦, 然而她卻繼續工作。(表示轉折)? He said that he could not find it and, furthermore, that nobody would ever find it.他說他找不到它, 而且也沒有人會找到它。(表示增補)? He was ill, and therefore could not come.(表示結果)他病了, 所以未能來。

二、翻譯技巧二

每一種語言，在詞意的運用，語句的鋪排、句子的結構方面，都有其獨特的方式，而每一詞每一字所承載的文化信息亦各不相同。因此, 英譯漢的表達方式總體上可以分成兩大類:

（一）直譯法：

一般來說, 在語言條件許可的情況下, 應該盡可能地用直譯, 使譯文既能保持原文的內容, 又能保持原文的形式和風格。例如:

o All roads lead to Roma.條條大路通羅馬。

o The soldier was as brave as a lion.那個士兵像獅子一樣勇敢。

o My brother is like a duck to water in the new job.我哥哥在新的工作崗位上如魚得水。

o It is he who has consistently offered fuel in snowy weather but never added flowers to embroidery.他這個人一向對人是雪中送炭，從來不是錦上添花。

（二）意譯法: 為使譯文得到和原文基本相同的文化信息，當翻譯中遇到兩種文化有差異，用直譯無法使譯文傳達準確的信息時，就要在母語中尋找與其對應的表達方式，利用各種必要的轉換手段進行意譯。例如: ? He is down and out as if/though he lived a dog’s life.他窮困, 潦倒，好像過著牛馬一樣的生活。（轉譯法-a dog’s life轉換詞義）

? He behaved politely while answering the interviewer’s questions.他在回答采訪者問題時, 很有禮貌。(省略法–behaved 一詞不譯出)? He is a stranger to the company’s business.他對于該公司的經營業務是陌生的。(轉換法–stranger 名詞轉換成形容詞)? All preparation must be done before you do experiments.在做試驗之前, 一切準備工作都必須做好。(增加法-preparation增加“工作”)

? Each country has its own customs.各國有各國的風俗.(重復法-Each country重復使用“各國”)