第一篇：中國文化相關(guān)詞匯英文翻譯

中國文化相關(guān)詞匯英文翻譯

元宵節(jié)：Lantern Festival 刺繡：embroidery 重陽節(jié)：Double-Ninth Festival 清明節(jié)：Tomb sweeping day 剪紙：Paper Cutting 書法：Calligraphy 對聯(lián)：（Spring Festival）Couplets 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 人才流動：Brain Drain/Brain Flow 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle 戰(zhàn)國：Warring States 風(fēng)水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 鐵飯碗：Iron Bowl 函授部：The Correspondence Department 集體舞：Group Dance 黃土高原：Loess Plateau 紅白喜事：Weedings and Funerals 中秋節(jié)：Mid-Autumn Day 結(jié)婚證：Marriage Certificate 儒家文化：Confucian Culture 附屬學(xué)校：Affiliated school 古裝片：Costume Drama 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling（Soup）一國兩制：One Country，Two Systems 火鍋：Hot Pot 四人幫：Gang of Four 《詩經(jīng)》：The Book of Songs 素質(zhì)教育：Essential-qualities-Oriental Education 《史記》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 大躍進：Great Leap Forward（Movement）《西游記》：The Journey to the West 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 針灸：Acupuncture 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/The Tang Tri-colored pottery 中國特色的社會主義：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 偏旁：radical 孟子：Mencius 亭/閣：Pavilion/Attic 大中型國有企業(yè)：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 火藥：gunpowder 農(nóng)歷：Lunar Calendar 印/璽：Seal/Stamp 物質(zhì)精神文明建設(shè)：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization 京劇：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera 太極拳：Tai Chi 獨生子女證：The Certificate of One-child 天壇：Altar of Heaven in Beijing 小吃攤：Snack Bar/Snack Stand 紅雙喜：Double Happiness 政治輔導(dǎo)員：Political Counselor/School Counselor 春卷：Spring Roll（s）蓮藕：Lotus Root 追星族：Star Struck 故宮博物院：The Palace Museum 相聲：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue 下崗：Lay off/Laid off 北京烤鴨：Beijing Roast Duck 高等自學(xué)考試：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education 煙花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves 電視小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit 香港澳門同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution 長江中下游地區(qū)：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River 門當(dāng)戶對：Perfect Match/Exact Match 《水滸》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh 中外合資企業(yè)：Joint Ventures 文房四寶（筆墨紙硯）：The Four Treasure of the Study：Brush，Inkstick，Paper，and Inkstone 兵馬俑：cotta Warriors/Terracotta Army 旗袍：cheongsam 光棍節(jié)：Single day 相親謊言：Blind date lie 北京精神：Beijing spirit 魚療：Fish pedicure 白名單：White list 后窗文化：Rear window culture 垃圾時尚：Trashion 放養(yǎng)老公：Free-range husband常見中國傳統(tǒng)文化專用詞匯英文翻譯

1.中國意念詞（Chinesenesses）八卦：trigram 陰、陽：Yin，Yang 道：Dao（cf.logo）江湖（世界）：the jianghu World（the traits’ world）

e.g.You can’t control everything in a traits’ world.（人在江湖，身不由己）道：Daoism（Taoism）

上火：excessive internal heat 儒學(xué)：Confucianism 紅學(xué)（《紅樓夢》研究）：redology 世外桃源：Shangri-la or Arcadia 開放：Kaifang（Chinese openness to the outside world）大鍋飯：getting an equal share regardless of the wounded 傷痕文學(xué)：scar literature or the literature of the wounded 不搞一刀切：no imposing uniformity on...合乎國情，順乎民意：to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people 亂攤派，亂收費：imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge 鐵交椅：iron（lifetime）post’s /guaranteed leading post 脫貧：to shake off poverty/anti-poverty 治則興，亂則衰：Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline

2.中華民族的喜慶節(jié)日（Chinese Festival）國慶節(jié)：National Day 中秋節(jié)：Mid-Autumn Day/Festival 春節(jié)：Spring Festival 元宵節(jié)：Lantern Festival 兒童節(jié)：Children’s Day 端午節(jié)：Dragon Boat Festival 婦女節(jié)：Women’s Day 潑水節(jié)：Water-Splashing Day 教師節(jié)：Teachers’ Day 五四青年節(jié)：Youth Day

3.中國獨特的傳統(tǒng)飲食（Unique Traditional Chinese Foods）餛飩：wonton 鍋貼：guotie（fried jiaozi）花卷：steamed twisted rolls 套餐：set meal 盒飯：box lunch/Chinese take-away 米豆腐：rice tofu 魔芋豆腐：konjak tofu 米粉：rice noodles 冰糖葫蘆：a stick of sugar-coated haws（or apples，etc.）火鍋：chafing dish 八寶飯：eight-treasure rice pudding 粉絲：glass noodles 豆腐腦：jellied bean curd

4.中國新興事物（Newly Sprouted Things）中國電信：China Telecom 中國移動：China Mobile 十五計劃：the 10th Five-Year Plan 中國電腦聯(lián)網(wǎng)：Chinanet 三峽工程：the Three Gorges Project 希望工程：Project Hope 京九鐵路：Beijing CKowloon Railway 扶貧工程：Anti-Poverty Project 菜籃子工程：Vegetable Basket Project 溫飽工程：Decent-Life Project 安居工程：Economy Housing Project 掃黃：Pom-Purging Campaign 西部大開發(fā)：Go-West Campaign

5.特有的一些漢語詞匯 禪宗：Zen Buddhism 禪：dhyana/dhgaya 混沌：chaos

道：Daosim/the way and its power 四諦：Four Nobel Truth 八正道：Eightfold Path 無常：anity 五行說：Theory of Five Elements 無我：anatman 坐禪：metta or transcendental meditation 空：sunyata 虛無：nothingness 雙喜：double happiness（中）/a doubled stroke of luck（英）小品：witty skits 相聲：cross-talk 噱頭/掉包袱：gimmick/stunk 夜貓子：night people/night-owls 本命年：this animal year of sb.處世之道：philosophy of life 姻緣：yinyuan（prefixed fate of marriage）還愿：redeem a wish（vows）

6.具有文化特色的現(xiàn)代表述 大陸中國：Mainland China 紅寶書：little red book 紅色中國：socialist China 四化：Four Modemizations 終身職業(yè)：job-for-life 鐵飯碗：iron rice bowl 大鍋飯：communal pot 關(guān)系戶：closely-related units 外出打工人員：migrant workers 關(guān)系網(wǎng)：personal nets/closely-knitted guild 五講（講文明、講禮貌、講衛(wèi)生、講秩序、講道德）：the Five Merits focus on decorum，manners，hygiene，disciplines and morals 四美（心靈美、語言美、行為美、環(huán)境美）：the Four Virtues are golden heart，refined language，civilized behavior，and green environment

7.中國古代獨特事物（Unique Ancient Chinese Items）宣紙：rice paper 衙門：yamen 扣頭：kowtow 孔子：Confucius 牌樓：pailou/pai-loo 武術(shù)：wushu（Chinese Martial Arts）功夫：kungfu/kung fu 中庸：the way of medium（cf.Golden Means）中和：harmony（zhonghe）孝順：to show filial obedience 孝子：dutiful son 家長：family head 三綱：君為臣綱，父為子綱，夫為妻綱：three cardinal guides ruler guides subject，father guides son，husband guides wife 五常：仁、義、理、智、信：five constant virtues：benevolence（humanity），righteousness，propriety，wisdom and fidelity 八股文：eight-legged essays 多福多子：The more sons/children，the more blessing/great happiness 養(yǎng)兒防老：raising sons to support one in one’s old age

8.近一季度見諸報端的中國現(xiàn)代特色詞匯翻譯 基層監(jiān)督：grass-roots supervision 基礎(chǔ)稅率：base tariff level 婚介所：matrimonial agency 婚外戀：extramarital love 婚紗攝影：bride photo 黑心棉：shoddy cotton 機器閱卷：machine scoring 即開型獎券：scratch-open ticket/lottery 集中精力把經(jīng)濟搞上去：go all for economic development 價格聽證會：public price hearings 甲A球隊：Division A Soccer Team 家政服務(wù)：household management service 加強輿論監(jiān)督：ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 假賬：accounting fraud 叫板：challenge/pick a quarrel 矯情：use lame arguments 漸進式臺獨：gradual Taiwan independence 借調(diào)：temporarily transfer 擴大中等收入者比重：Raise the proportion of the middle-income group 擴大內(nèi)需，刺激消費：expand domestic，demand and consumption

第二篇：中國文化相關(guān)詞匯英文翻譯

中國文化相關(guān)詞匯英文翻譯

1.元宵節(jié) Lantern Festival

2.刺繡embroidery 3.重陽節(jié)Double-Ninth Festival 4.清明節(jié)Tomb sweeping day 5.剪紙Paper Cutting 6.書法Calligraphy 7.對聯(lián)(Spring Festival)Couplets 8.象形文字Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9.人才流動Brain Drain/Brain Flow 10.四合院Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11.戰(zhàn)國Warring States 12.風(fēng)水Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13.鐵飯碗Iron Bowl 14.函授部The Correspondence Department 15.集體舞Group Dance 16.黃土高原Loess Plateau 17.紅白喜事Weddings and Funerals 18.中秋節(jié)Mid-Autumn Day 19.結(jié)婚證Marriage Certificate 20.儒家文化Confucian Culture 21.附屬學(xué)校Affiliated school 22.古裝片Costume Drama 23.武打片Chinese Swordplay Movie 24.元宵Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling(Soup)25.一國兩制One Country, Two Systems 26.火鍋Hot Pot 27.四人幫Gang of Four 28.《詩經(jīng)》The Book of Songs 29.素質(zhì)教育Essential-qualities-oriented Education 30.《史記》Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 31.大躍進Great Leap Forward(Movement)32.《西游記》The Journey to the West 33.除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 34.針灸Acupuncture 35.唐三彩Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery 36.中國特色的社會主義Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 37.偏旁radical 38.孟子Mencius 39.亭/閣 Pavilion/ Attic 40.大中型國有企業(yè)Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 41.火藥gunpowder 42.農(nóng)歷Lunar Calendar 43.印/璽Seal/Stamp 44.物質(zhì)精神文明建設(shè)The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization 45.京劇Beijing Opera/Peking Opera 46.秦腔Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera 47.太極拳Tai Chi 48.獨生子女證The Certificate of One-child 49.天壇Altar of Heaven in Beijing 50.小吃攤Snack Bar/Snack Stand 51.紅雙喜Double Happiness 52.政治輔導(dǎo)員Political Counselor/School Counselor 53.春卷Spring Roll(s)54.蓮藕Lotus Root 55.追星族Star Struck 56.故宮博物院The Palace Museum 57.相聲Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue 58.下崗Lay off/Laid off 59.北京烤鴨Beijing Roast Duck 60.高等自學(xué)考試Self-taught Examination of Higher Education 61.煙花爆竹fireworks and firecracker 62.敦煌莫高窟Mogao Caves 63.電視小品TV Sketch/TV Skit 64.香港澳門同胞Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao 65.文化大革命Cultural Revolution 66.長江中下游地區(qū)The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River 67.門當(dāng)戶對Perfect Match/Exact Match 68.《水滸》Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh 69.中外合資企業(yè)Joint Ventures 70.文房四寶筆墨紙硯“The Four Treasure of the Study” “Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone” 71.兵馬俑cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army 72.旗袍cheongsam。73.光棍節(jié) Singles day 74.相親謊言 Blind date lie 75.北京精神 Beijing spirit 76.魚療 Fish pedicure 77.白名單 White list 78.后窗文化 Rear window culture 79.垃圾時尚 Trashion 80.放養(yǎng)老公 Free-range husband 中國古代文學(xué)

紅樓夢 A Dream of Red Mansion/Chamber 水滸 Water Margin

西游記 Journey to the West

三國演義 Romance of the Three Kingdoms 聊齋志異 Strange Tales from a Scholar’s Studio 中華民族的喜慶節(jié)日(Chinese Festivial)國慶節(jié) National Day中秋節(jié) Mid-Autumn Day/Festival

除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival春節(jié) Spring Festival

元宵節(jié) Lantern Festival

兒童節(jié) Children’s Day

端午節(jié) Dragon Boat Festival

婦女節(jié) Women’s Day

潑水節(jié) Water-Splashing Day

教師節(jié) Teachers’ Day 五四青年節(jié) Youth Day 傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日詞匯

拜年 pay a new year call 爆竹 firecracker 鞭炮 a string of small fire crackers 大掃除 year-end household 燈謎 lantern riddles 廟會 temple fair 年畫 new year’ s picture 掛年畫 to hang out new year’s picture 年夜飯 family reunion dinner on lunar new year 守歲 to stay awake all night 年糕 glutinous cake for new year 大年初一 the first day of the first lunar month 八寶飯 eight-treasure rice pudding 對聯(lián) poetic couplets 貼春聯(lián) to put up antithetical couplets 糊窗花 to put up window paper-cuts 壓歲錢 money given to children as a lunar new year gift 民俗詞匯

轎子sedans 風(fēng)車 pinwheel 雜技 acrobatics 魔術(shù) magic 撥浪鼓 shaking drum 竹苗 bamboo flute 皮影 shadow puppet 糖人 sugar-molded 四合院 courtyard homes 踩高蹺 stilt walk 武術(shù) martial arts 人力車 rickshaw 宮燈 palace lantern 猜拳 finger-guessing game 說書 monologue story-telling 老字號 time-honored 相聲 cross talk 中國獨特的傳統(tǒng)飲食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)餛飩 wonton

鍋貼 guotie(fried jiaozi)

春卷Spring Roll(s)蓮藕Lotus Root花卷 steamed twisted rolls

套餐 set meal

盒飯 box lunch;Chinese take-away

米豆腐 rice tofu

魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu

米粉 rice noodles

冰糖葫蘆 a stick of sugar-coated haws(or apples,etc.)

火鍋 Hot Pot

八寶飯 eight-treasure rice pudding

粉絲 glass noodles

豆腐腦 jellied bean curd

北京烤鴨Beijing Roast Duck

小吃攤Snack Bar/Snack Stand

特有的一些漢語詞匯

武術(shù) martial arts 氣功 Qigong 打擂臺 to fight a challenge fight in an arena 聽評書 to listen to historical or traditional stories 下象棋 to play Chinese chess 練習(xí)書法 to make special studies of calligraphy 畫國畫 to do traditional Chinese painting 題詩 to inscribe a poem 求對 to match an antithetical couplet禪宗 Zen Buddhism

禪 dhyana;dhgaya

混沌 chaos

道 Daosim, the way and its power

四諦 Four Noble Truth

八正道 Eightfold Path

無常 anity

五行說 Theory of Five Elements

無我 anatman

坐禪 metta or transcendental meditation 空 sunyata

虛無 nothingness

雙喜 double happiness(中)，a doubled stroke of luck(英)

小品 witty skits

相聲 cross-talk

噱頭；掉包袱 gimmick, stunt

夜貓子 night people;night-owls

本命年 this animal year of sb.處世之道 philosophy of life

姻緣 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)

還愿 redeem a wish(vows)1.畫類 壁畫 mural 國畫 Chinese traditional painting 水墨畫 ink and wash painting 絹畫 silk painting 木刻畫 wood engraving 版畫 engraving 貝雕畫 shell carving painting 年畫 new year picture 2.陶器類 陶器 pottery ware 玉器 jade article 瓷器 china ware 青瓷 celadon 青銅器 bronze ware 景泰藍 cloisonné enamel 漆器 lacquer ware 彩陶 painted pottery 唐三彩 trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty

3.雕刻類 冰雕 ice carving 玉雕 jade carving 石雕 stone carving 骨雕 bones carving 貝雕 shell carving 木雕 wood carving 根雕 tree root carving 瓷器雕 porcelain carving 象牙雕 ivory carving 4.塑像類 彩塑painted sculpture 畫塑 dough figurine 泥人兒 clay figure 5.扇類 絹扇 silk fan 檀香扇 sandal wood fan 折扇 folding fan

6.寶石類 珍珠 pearl 瑪瑙 agate 珊瑚 coral 翡翠 green jade 琥珀 amber 玉 jade

7.工藝類 刺繡 embroidery 雙面秀 two-sided embroidery 掛毯 tapestry 蠟染 batik 藤條制品 wickerwork 真絲 pure silk 煙嘴 cigarette holder 鼻煙壺 snuff bottle 圖章 seal盆景 potted landscape 屏風(fēng) screen 中國古代獨特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)宣紙 rice paper

衙門 yamen

叩頭 kowtow

孔子Confucius

牌樓 pailou；pai-loo

武術(shù) wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)

功夫 kungfu ；kung fu

中庸 the way of medium(cf.Golden Means)

中和 harmony(zhonghe)

孝順 to show filial obedience

孝子 dutiful son

家長 family head

三綱：君為臣綱，父為子綱，夫為妻綱 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife

五常：仁、義、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence(humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity

八股文 eight-legged essays

多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness

養(yǎng)兒防老：raising sons to support one in one’s old age 歷史人文 history-related

春秋時期The Spring and Autumn Period吐蕃王國Tubo Kingdom王朝dynasty舊石器時代Paleolithic times 清朝帝王Qing emperors文成公主Tang Princess Wencheng春秋時代The Spring and Autumn Period大思想家和教育家A great thinker and educator慈禧太后Empress Dowager CiXi祭祀offer sacrifices君主monarch皇妃Imperial concubine丞相Prime minister太監(jiān)Court eunuch古裝Ancient costume朝代dynasty 歷代various dynasty 少數(shù)民族ethnic minority蒙古族Mongolian 藏族Tibetan 維吾爾族Uygur 納西族Naxi minority阿壩藏族自治州Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 古代器具Ancient utensils考古學(xué)家archaeologist發(fā)掘unearth吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄The Guinness Book of World Records公元 AD 公元前 BC誕生地Birthplace歷史文物historical relics歷史遺跡Historical site青銅器Bronze ware文人men of letters 雅士refined scholars 文物cultural relics 西域western countries 中國古代四大發(fā)明

火藥 gunpowder 指南針 compass 造紙術(shù) paper-making techniques 印刷術(shù) paper-printing technique 具有文化特色的現(xiàn)代表述

大陸中國 Mainland China

紅寶書 little red book

紅色中國 socialist China

四化 Four Modernizations

終生職業(yè) job-for-life

鐵飯碗 iron rice bowl

大鍋飯 communal pot

關(guān)系戶 closely-related units

外出打工人員 migrant workers

關(guān)系網(wǎng) personal nets, closely-knitted guild

五講(講文明、講禮貌、講衛(wèi)生、講秩序、講道德)：the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals四美(心靈美、語言美、行為美、環(huán)境美)： the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment

近一季度見諸報端的中國現(xiàn)代特色詞匯翻譯

基層監(jiān)督 grass-roots supervision

基礎(chǔ)稅率 base tariff level

婚介所 matrimonial agency婚外戀 extramarital love

婚紗攝影 bride photo

黑心棉 shoddy cotton

機器閱卷 machine scoring

即開型獎券 scratch-open ticket/lottery

集中精力把經(jīng)濟建設(shè)搞上去 go all out for economic development

價格聽證會 public price hearings

甲A球隊 Division A Soccer Team

家政服務(wù) household management service

加強輿論監(jiān)督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion

假帳 accounting fraud

叫板 challenge;pick a quarrel

矯情 use lame arguments

漸進式臺獨 gradual Taiwan independence

借調(diào) temporarily transfer

擴大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.擴大內(nèi)需，刺激消費expand domestic demand and consumption

中國新興事物(Newly Sprouted Things)中國 電信 China Telecom

中國 移動 China Mobile

十五計劃 the 10th Five-Year Plan

中國電腦聯(lián)網(wǎng) Chinanet

三峽工程 the Three Gorges Project

希望工程 Project Hope

京九鐵路 Beijing CKowloon Railway

扶貧工程 Anti-Poverty Project

菜籃子工程 Vegetable Basket Project

溫飽工程 Decent-Life Project

安居工程 Economy Housing Project 掃黃 Porn-Purging Campaign

西部大開發(fā) Go-West Campaign 旅游熱點/景點英語詞匯大全

秦始皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang兵馬俑 Terracotta Warriors and horses/Terra-cotta Army青銅戰(zhàn)車戰(zhàn)馬bronze chariots and horses 與實物一樣大小life-size 臨潼區(qū)Lintong District 大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda絲綢之路the Silk Road敦煌 Dunhuang敦煌莫高窟 Mogao Grottoes / Caves, Dunhuang千佛洞Thousand-Buddha Cave壁畫murals / fresco佛經(jīng)Buddhist Sutra塔里木盆地Tarim Basin 土魯番 Turpan華清池 Huaqing Hot Springs河西走廊 Hexi Corridor昆山市 city of Kunshan帕米爾山區(qū)Pamir Mountainous Region三峽 Three Gorges月牙泉 Crescent Spring桂林 Guilin陽朔 Yangshuo板石街（又名 “西洋街”）Slabstone Street, also known as “the Western Street”象鼻山 Elephant Trunk Hill獨秀峰the peak of unique beauty七星巖the seven star crag疊彩山 Piled Silk Hill駱駝山 Camel Hill漓江游 cruise on the Li River三山曉色 three Hill at Dawn青峰倒影 Green Peaks Reflected on Water月牙山 Crescent Hill千佛巖Cliff of Thousand Buddhas滇池 Lake Dianchi黑龍?zhí)?Black Dragon Pool珠江夜游 Pearl River Night Cruise岷江Minjiang river野生動物園 Safari Park中國民俗文化村 China Folk Culture Villages佛教四大名山Four famous Buddhist Mountains五臺山 Wutai Mountain普陀山 Mount Putuo九華山 Jiuhua Mountain峨嵋山 Mount Emei五岳 China’s five great / sacred mountains武當(dāng)山 Wudang Mountain嵩山 Songshan Mountain少林寺 Shaolin Temple泰山 Mount Tai岱廟 Dai Temple日光頂Riguan Peak-the Sun Watching Peak玉皇頂 Peak of the Heavenly Emperor黃山 Mount Huangshan;Yellow Mountain迎客松 Guest-Greeting Pine半山寺Mid-Hill Temple云谷寺 Cloudy Valley Temple光明頂Bright Summit天都峰 Heavenly Capital Peak蓮花峰 Lotus Peak奇松strangely-shaped pines 怪石grotesque rock formations 云海seas of clouds 溫泉hot springs 紫金山天文臺 Purple Mountain Observatory南天門The Heavenly Southern Gate午門meridian gate天壇 the Temple of Heaven紫禁城the Forbidden City 故宮the Imperial Place故宮博物院 the Palace Museum護城河Moat回音壁echo wall居庸關(guān)Juyongguan pass長壽山the longevity hill九龍壁the nine dragon wall黃龍洞the yellow dragon cave大清真寺great mosque黃帝陵Huang Di Mausoleum十三陵Ming Tombs中山陵Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum成吉思汗陵 Mausoleum of Genghis Khan魯迅故居Luxun’s former residence（重慶）渣滓洞 Cinder Cave（重慶）紅巖村 Red Crag Village(延安)寶塔山 Pagoda Hill東方威尼斯Oriental Venice蘇州園林 Suzhou gardens 獅子林 Lion Grove Garden怡園 Joyous Garden留園lingering Garden網(wǎng)師園 Garden of the Master of Nets耦園（諧音偶，佳偶之意）Garden of Couple’s Retreat西湖 West Lake蘇堤 Su Causeway白堤 Bai Causeway斷橋 Broken Bridge外西湖 Outer West Lake九寨溝jiuzhaigou布達拉宮Potala Palace日月潭 Lake Sun Moon名勝古跡places of scenic beauty and historical interests / scenic spots and historical sites 堡fort, fortress城堡castle長廊The Long Corridor殿hall拱頂vault鼓樓 drum-tower荷塘lotus pond湖石假山Lakeside rocks and rockeries祭壇 altar角樓watchtower九曲橋Bridge of Nine Turnings廊 corridor陵墓 emperor’s mausoleum/tomb樓 towermansion牌樓pailou, decorated archway橋bridges水榭 pavilion on the water塔 pagoda;tower臺 terrace壇altar梯staircase亭閣 pavilion亭臺樓閣pavilions, terraces, and towers;a general reference to the elaborate Chinese architecture溪streams行宮A temporary imperial palace鐘樓bell-tower柱pillar, column, post碑刻, 碑文, 碑銘inscriptions on a tablet碑林the forest of steles, tablet forest碑座 pedestal of the tablet壁畫 murals;fresco避暑山莊 mountain resort避暑勝地 summer resort 冬季旅游勝地Winter resort度假勝地 holiday resort佛教勝地 Buddhist resort滑雪勝地Ski resort 冰山iceberg火山 volcano青山green hill場所site, venue, locale, seat 出土unearth 道觀Taoist temple道教名山Taoist mountain堤防embankment地下軍團buried legion雕塑Sculptures 雕像 statue頂點Summit定情之物token of love洞穴/巖洞 cave;cavern仿古制品 antique replica復(fù)制品Replica高超工藝 superior workmanship孤柏Lone cypress古董antique, antiquity, curio古跡place of historical interest古建筑群 ancient architectural / building complex古墓 ancient tomb古松Age-old pine trees古玩店 antique/curio shop國家公園 national park海平面Sea level號稱五岳之首 rank first of the five great mountains in china后裔Descendant回廊corridor甲骨文 inscription on bones and tortoiseshells 假山rockeries 建筑風(fēng)格Architectural style 江南水鄉(xiāng) south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River景象Spectacle領(lǐng)略自然景觀的魅力 appreciate the charms of natural landscape蜜月度假勝地 honeymoon resort名山 famous mountain / mountain resort名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 摩崖石刻Carved out of a cliff瀑布 waterfall, fall小瀑布 cascade飛瀑plunging waterfall曲阜Qufu 曲徑winding path人文景觀places of historic figures and cultural heritage 人造物品Artifact日出Sunrise日落Sunset溶洞water-eroded cave溶巖景色，喀斯特地貌Karst scenery 石舫 stone boat石灰池Calcified pond石灰?guī)r洞limestone cave石窟 grotto石牌Stone steles石橋Stone bridge石筍stalagmite石像Portrait stone世界第八大奇跡eighth wonder of the world 世界七大奇跡seven wonders of the world 世界文化遺產(chǎn)保護地World Heritage Sites(WHS)世界之窗 Window of the World書法真跡 calligraphic relics水鄉(xiāng)景色 riverside scenery私家園林Private garden四大奇觀Four wonders 縮影Miniature天下第一洞The most spectacular cave unparalleled elsewhere in the world天下第一泉The finest spring under heaven武當(dāng)功夫 Wudang martial arts險峰perilous peaks 香格里拉Shangri-la(earthly paradise or utopia--generally secluded and peaceful)鑲嵌inlay修復(fù)Renovate雪峰snow-topped peaks雪山Snow-capped mountain釉面磚Glazed tile御花園 imperial garden園林建筑Garden architecture原始森林virgin forest藻類algae植物園botanical garden 主題公園 theme park自然景觀natural attraction;natural landscape / scenery 綜合建筑building complex坐佛Sitting Buddha;

第三篇：中國文化專業(yè)名詞英文翻譯

版畫 engraving 彩塑 painted sculpture 瓷器 porcelain;china 刺繡 embroidery 宮燈/花燈 palace/festival lantern 剪紙 papercutting 景德鎮(zhèn)瓷器 Jingdezhen porcelain 木/石/竹刻 wood/stone/bamboo carving 唐三彩 tri-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 中國水墨畫 Chinese ink and wash painting 陶器 pottery 微雕 miniature engraving 象牙雕刻 ivory carving 京劇臉譜facial make-up in Peking Opera 木刻版畫 wood engraving 木偶戲 puppet show 獨角戲 monodrama;one-man show 皮影戲 shadow play;leather-silhouette show 京劇 Peking Opera 秦腔 Shaanxi Opera 單口相聲 monologue comic talk 雙口相聲 witty dialogue 口技 vocal imitation 說書 monologue story-telling 雜技 acrobatic performance 疊羅漢 making a human pyramid 特技 stunt 啞劇 dumb show;mime 馬戲 circus performance 2 春節(jié) the Spring Festival 元宵 sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour 秧歌 yangko

年底大掃除 the year-end household cleaning 燈謎 lantern riddle 登高 hill climbing

拜年 paying a New Year call 鞭炮 firecracker

年畫(traditional)New Year picture 舞龍 dragon dance

春聯(lián) Spring Festival couplets 元宵節(jié) the Lantern Festival 植樹節(jié) Tree-Planting Day 除夕 New Year's Eve

端午節(jié) the Dragon Boat Festival 龍燈舞 dragon lantern dance 廟會 temple fair

年夜飯 family reunion dinner on New Year's Eve 清明節(jié) Tomb-Sweeping Day

掃墓 pay respects to a dead person at his tomb 賞月 admire the moon

壓歲錢 money given to children as a lunar New Year gift;gift money

辭舊迎新 ring out the old year and ring in the new year 中秋節(jié) Mid-Autumn Day

重陽節(jié) the Double Ninth Festival 十二生肖 Chinese Zodiac 七夕節(jié) Double Seventh Day

粽子 traditional Chinese rice-pudding;zong zi 中餐烹飪 Chinese cuisine 粵菜Cantonese cuisine 淮揚菜 Huaiyang cuisine 魯菜 Shandong cuisine 川菜 Sichuan cuisine 3

佛教 Buddhism

佛寺 Buddhist temple 道教 Taoism

道觀 Taoist temple 道士 Taoist priest 儒教 Confucianism

儒家文化 Confucian culture 墨家 Mohism 法家 Legalism

孔廟 Confucian Temple 孔子 Confucius

《春秋》 The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史記》 Historical Records 《詩經(jīng)》 The Book of Songs 《書經(jīng)》 The Book of History 《易經(jīng)》 The Book of Changes 《禮記》 The Book of Rites 四書 The Four Books

《大學(xué)》 The Great Learning

《中庸》 The Doctrine of the Mean 《論語》 The Analects of Confucius 《孟子》 The Mencius

《山海經(jīng)》 The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《本草綱目》 Compendium of Materia Medica 《資治通鑒》 History as a Mirror

《西廂記》 The Romance of West Chamber 《西行漫記》 Red Star Over China

《三國演義》 The Romance of the Three Kingdoms 《水滸傳》 Water Margin

《聊齋志異》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio

《紅樓夢》 A Dream of Red Mansions;The Story of the Stone

《西游記》 Pilgrimage to the West;A Journey to the West 武俠小說 martial arts novel 言情小說 romantic fiction 八股文 eight-part essay;stereotyped writing 五言絕句 five-character quatrain 七言律詩 seven-character octave 4 民間藝術(shù) folk art 高雅藝術(shù) refined art 戲劇藝術(shù) theatrical art 電影藝術(shù) film art 愛國主義精神 patriotism 文化產(chǎn)業(yè) cultural industry 文化事業(yè) cultural undertaking 文化交流 cultural exchange 文化沖突 cultural shock;cultural conflict 鄉(xiāng)村文化 rural culture 民族文化 national culture 表演藝術(shù) performing art 文化底蘊 cultural deposit 華夏祖先 the Chinese ancestor 同宗同源 be of the same origin 中國文學(xué) Chinese literature 中國武術(shù) Chinese martial arts;Kung Fu 中國書法 Chinese calligraphy 火藥 gunpowder 印刷術(shù) printing;art of printing 造紙術(shù) papermaking technology 指南針 compass 中國結(jié) Chinese knot 青銅器 bronze ware 武術(shù)門派 style/school of martial arts習(xí)武健身 practice martial arts for fitness 古代格斗術(shù)ancient form of combat 武林高手 top martial artist

氣功 qigong 5

無與倫比的文學(xué)創(chuàng)作 unmatched literary creation 漢語的四聲調(diào) the four tones of Chinese 工藝 workmanship;craftsmanship 手工藝品 handicraft 泥人 clay figurine

蘇繡 Suzhou embroidery 寓言 fable

神話 mythology 傳說 legend

公歷 the Gregorian calendar 陰歷 the Lunar calendar 天干 Heavenly Stems 篆刻 seal cutting 閏年 leap year

二十四節(jié)氣 24 solar terms 傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日 traditional holiday

才子佳人 gifted scholar and beautiful lady 中華文明 Chinese civilization

中外學(xué)者 Chinese and overseas scholar 寺廟 temple 漢學(xué)家 sinologist

考古學(xué)家 archaeologist 人類學(xué)家 anthropologist 歷史學(xué)家 historian 地理學(xué)家 geographer 宿命論 determinism

守歲 stay up late on New Year's Eve 桂花 sweet osmanthus

中藥 traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)文明搖籃 cradle of civilization

明清兩代 the Ming and Qing Dynasties

江南South of the Yangtze River 水鄉(xiāng)景色 riverside scenery

上海大劇院 Shanghai Grand Theater 樣板戲 model opera

《霸王別姬》 Farewell to My Concubine 佛經(jīng) Buddhist scripture 都江堰 Dujiang Weir

《孫子兵法》 The Art of War

《三字經(jīng)》 Three-Character Scripture 旗袍 cheongsam;chi-pao 中山裝 Chinese tunic suit

唐裝 Traditional Chinese garment;Tang suit 風(fēng)水 geomancy 胡同 alley;hutong

《神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)》 Shen Nong's Herbal Classic 針灸 acupuncture 推拿 medical massage 切脈 feel the pulse

舊石器時代 the Paleolithic Period 母系氏族社會 matriarchal clan society 封建(制度)的 feudal 秦朝 the Qin Dynasty 漢朝 the Han Dynasty 唐朝 the Tang Dynasty 宋朝 the Song Dynasty 元朝 the Yuan Dynasty 明朝 the Ming Dynasty 清朝 the Qing Dynasty

秦始皇 the First Qin Emperor 皇太后 empress dowager

春秋時期 the Spring and Autumn Period

第四篇：經(jīng)典中文詞匯英文翻譯

用英語詞匯

中國人應(yīng)該知道的英語詞匯

中國小吃

Stinky tofu臭豆腐

Mapo tofu salted Sichuan style 麻婆豆腐 Chinese style baked roll燒餅

Fried bread stick /twisted cruller油條 Soybean porridge豆?jié){ Boiled dumpling 水餃 Small steamed bun 小籠包

Plain wheat roll /steamed bun 饅頭

Spicy hot pot /Sichuan hot pot 麻辣火鍋 Rice 飯團

Scallion cake 蔥油餅 Sliced noodles 刀削面 Cold noodles 兩面

Fried rice noodles 炒米粉 Dried tofu 豆腐干 Hard boiled egg 鹵蛋 100-year egg 皮蛋

Salted duck egg 咸鴨蛋 Tea egg 茶蛋

Sesame paste 芝麻糊 Bean paste cake 綠豆糕

Fried dough twist /heam flower 麻花 Chestnut roasted with sugar 糖炒栗子 Plum juice 酸梅湯 Milk tea 奶茶 Black tea 紅茶

Almond junket 杏仁豆腐

Tsung-tse 粽子

Mid-autumn festival /moon-festival 中秋節(jié) Sachet 香包 Moon cake 月餅

Teachers’ day 教師節(jié) Winter solstice 冬至 Vernal equinox 春分 Summer begins 立夏 Autumn begins 立秋 Leap year 閏年

中國古典文學(xué)

The analects of confucious 論語

The book of Odes/the book of poetry 詩經(jīng) Shi shuo hsin Yu 世說新語

The legend of defication 封神榜

The Romance of the three kingdoms 三國演義 Pilgrimage to the west 西游記

The dream of the red chamber 紅樓夢 The Golden lotus 金瓶梅 All men are brothers 水滸傳 The west chamber 西廂記

The four collections of books 四庫全書 只可意會不可言傳

Blasted該死的 真他媽的 Bleeding 煩人的 令人討厭的 Blooming 可惡的太他媽的 Dammed 該死的 煩人的 Flaming 該死的非常的 Bastard 雜種 狗東西 Buggar 畜生兔崽子 Bitch 賤貨騷貨

Son of a bitch 小人可惡的家伙 Turd令人討厭的家伙臭大糞Arse 令人討厭的家伙 Arsehole 愚蠢 蠢貨

Balls /crap /bullshit /fart 屁話 放屁 Cock /prick /tool /cunt胡說 Shit 討厭 煩人操

中國節(jié)日及傳統(tǒng)

Lunar calendar 農(nóng)歷 New year’s day 元旦

Lunar new year /Chinese new year 農(nóng)歷新年 Spring festival 春節(jié)

Lunar new year’s even reunion 年夜飯 Chinese new year cake 年糕 Red envelope /a cash gift 紅包 Latern festival 元宵節(jié) Rice dumpling 湯圓

Tomb sweeping day 清明節(jié) Dragon boat festival 端午節(jié)

Bugger /sod 王八羔子兔崽子

俗語諺語

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush雙鳥在林，不如一鳥在手 Absence of mind心不在焉

Actions speak louder than words事實勝于雄辯

Add oil to the flames火上澆油

Add insult to injury雪上加霜 All at sea不知所措 All ears洗耳恭聽

All Greek to me一竅不通

All is not gold that glitters發(fā)光的不一定都是金子

All is fish that comes to his net

撿到籃里的都是菜（意為來者不拒）An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth以眼還眼，牙還牙

A leopard can not change his sports江山易改，本性難移

An hour in the morning is worth two hours in the evening一日之計在于晨

(as)broad as it is long半斤八兩

As close as a clam一毛不拔，守口如瓶

As you brew ,so shall you drink自作自受

At a respectful distance敬而遠之

At the sign of the horn戴綠帽子

At the world’s end天涯海角

Attack is the best form of defence進攻是最好的防守

Better a glorious death than a shameful life寧為玉碎，為瓦全

Badger game美人計

Bay the moon異想天開

Be all mouths and trousers光打雷不下雨

Birds of a feather flock together物以類聚，人以群分

A bow bent too much will break欲速則不達

Business is business公事公辦

Can not sea Beyond the length of his nose鼠目寸光

Cast pearls before swine對牛彈琴

A cat on hot bricks 熱鍋上的螞蟻 Chop and change朝三暮四

Circumstances alter cases此一時，一時

Clean hand wants no washing清者自清

Cock is bold in his own dunghill窩里橫

Cogito ergo sum我思故我在Come –day-go-day當(dāng)一天和尚撞一天鐘

Comparisons are odious/odorous人比人，氣死人

Constant dropping will wear a stone水滴石穿

Don’t judge a book by its cover不要以貌取人 Cry wolf狼來了

Custom is second nature習(xí)慣成自然

Die is cast /thrown木已成舟

Dig a well at a river畫蛇添足

Do as you would be done by

Dog that fetches will carry來說是非者，便是是非人 Don’t wake a sleep dog不要惹是生非

Don’t put off still tomorrow what should be done today

今日事，今日畢 Donkey’s years猴年馬月

East or west ,home is best金家銀家不如自己的破家

Empty hand is no lure fools a hawk舍不得孩子套不住狼

Enough is as good as feast知足者常樂

Everything can find its way船到橋頭自然直

Fair without but foal/false within金玉其外，絮其中

He laughs best who later last最后的勝利才是真正的勝利

He that lives with cripples learns to limp近朱者赤，墨者黑

His bark is worse than his bite刀子嘴豆付心

It is a foolish sheep that make the Wolf his confessor

兔子不吃窩邊草

It is easy to be wise after the event時候諸葛人人會

It is the first step that costs萬事開頭難

It is the thought that counts禮輕人意重

Joys shared with others are enjoyed獨樂樂不如眾樂樂 Kick down the ladder過河拆橋

Kiss the child for the nurse’s sake醉翁之意不在酒

Kill to birds with one stone一箭雙雕

Laughter is the best medicine笑一笑，十年少

Let beggars match with beggars 龍配龍，鳳配鳳

Like begets like

龍生龍，鳳生鳳，老鼠生來會打洞 Like cures like以毒攻毒

Like father, like son有其父必有其子 Live and learn活到老，學(xué)到老 Love is blind情人眼里出西施

Love me;love my dog愛屋及烏

Love will find a way精誠所至，石為開

Man purpose, god disposes謀事在人，事在天

Man’s extremity is god’s opportunity車到山前必有路

Many hands make light work人多力量大

Misery loves company同病相憐

No pains ,no gains不勞則無獲

Nothing is impossible to a willing heart/mind有志者事竟成One bitten, twice shy一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井繩 Out of sight ,out of mind眼不見，心不煩

Play both ends against the Middle河蚌相爭，漁翁得利 Practice makes perfect熟能生巧

Seeing is believing百聞不如一見

Speak of the devil and he appears說曹操曹操到 Time flies時光飛逝

Tomorrow is another day明天還有希望

Turn somebody’s battery against himself以其人之矛攻其盾

What can you expect from a got but a grount狗嘴里吐不出象牙

When the cat’s away ,the mice will play山中無老虎，猴子稱霸王

What’s done by night appears by day要想人不知，除非己莫為

Word is spoken is past recalling一言既出，馬難追 We only live once人生在世須盡歡

You scratch my back , I’ll scratch yours你敬我一尺，我敬你一丈

第五篇：中國特有詞匯英文翻譯

中國特有詞匯英文翻譯

1、中國意念詞的翻譯(Chinesenesses)八卦 trigram 陰、陽 yin, yang 道 Dao(cf.logo)江湖(世界)the jianghu World(the traits’ world)e.g.You can’t control everything in a traits’ world.(人在江湖，身不由己)道 Daoism(Taoism)上火 excessive internal heat 儒學(xué) Confucianism 紅學(xué)(《紅樓夢》研究)redology 世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia 開放 kaifang(Chinese openness to the outside world)大鍋飯 getting an equal share regardless of the work done 傷痕文學(xué) scar literature or the literature of the wounded 不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on …

合乎國情，順乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people 亂攤派，亂收費 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge 鐵交椅 iron(lifetime)post’s;guaranteed leading post 脫貧 to shake off poverty;anti-poverty 治則興，亂則衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline、中華民族的喜慶節(jié)日的翻譯(Chinese Festivial)國慶節(jié) National Day 中秋節(jié) Mid-Autumn Festival 春節(jié) Spring Festival 元宵節(jié) Lantern Festival 兒童節(jié) Children’s Day 端午節(jié) Dragon Boat Festival 婦女節(jié) Women’s Day 潑水節(jié) Water-Splashing Day 教師節(jié) Teachers’ Day 五四青年節(jié) Youth Day

3、中國獨特的傳統(tǒng)飲食的翻譯(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)餛飩 wonton 鍋貼 guotie(fried jiaozi)花卷 steamed twisted rolls 套餐 set meal 盒飯 box lunch;Chinese take-away 米豆腐 rice tofu 魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu 米粉 rice noodles 冰糖葫蘆 a stick of sugar-coated haws(or apples,etc。)火鍋 chafing dish 八寶飯 eight-treasure rice pudding 粉絲 glass noodles 豆腐腦 jellied bean curd、中國新興事物的翻譯(Newly Sprouted Things)十五計劃 the 10th Five-Year Plan 中國計算機聯(lián)網(wǎng) Chinanet 三峽工程 the Three Gorges Project 希望工程 Project Hope 京九鐵路 Beijing CKowloon Railway 扶貧工程 Anti-Poverty Project 菜籃子工程 Vegetable Basket Project 溫飽工程 Decent-Life Project 安居工程 Economy Housing Project 掃黃 Porn-Purging Campaign 西部大開發(fā) Go-West Campaign、特有的一些中文詞匯的翻譯 禪宗 Zen Buddhism 禪 dhyana;dhgaya 混沌 chaos 道 Daosim, the way and its power 四諦 Four Noble Truth 八正道 Eightfold Path 無常 anity 五行說 Theory of Five Elements 無我 anatman 坐禪 metta or transcendental meditation 空 sunyata 虛無 nothingness 雙喜 double happiness(中)，a doubled stroke of luck(英)小品 witty skits 相聲 cross-talk 噱頭 gimmick, stunt 夜貓子 night people;night-owls 本命年 this animal year of sb。處世之道 philosophy of life 姻緣 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)還愿 redeem a wish(vows)、具有文化特色的現(xiàn)代表述的翻譯 大陸中國 Mainland China 紅寶書 little red book 紅色中國 socialist China 四化 Four Modernizations 終生職業(yè) job-for-life 鐵飯碗 iron rice bowl 大鍋飯 communal pot 關(guān)系戶 closely-related units 外出打工人員 migrant workers 關(guān)系網(wǎng) personal nets, closely-knitted guild 五講(講文明、講禮貌、講衛(wèi)生、講秩序、講道德)：the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals 四美(心靈美、語言美、行為美、環(huán)境美)： the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment、中國古代獨特事物的翻譯(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)宣紙 rice paper 衙門 yamen 叩頭 kowtow 孔子Confucius 牌樓 pailou；pai-loo 武術(shù) wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)功夫 kungfu ；kung fu 中庸 the way of medium(cf.Golden Means)中和 harmony(zhonghe)孝順 to show filial obedience 孝子 dutiful son 家長 family head 三綱：君為臣綱，父為子綱，夫為妻綱 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son, husband guides wife 五常：仁、義、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence(humanity)，righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity 八股文 eight-legged essays 多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness 養(yǎng)兒防老：raising sons to support one in one’s old age

8、中國現(xiàn)代特色詞匯的翻譯 基層監(jiān)督 grass-roots supervision 基礎(chǔ)稅率 base tariff level 婚介所 matrimonial agency 婚外戀 extramarital love 婚紗攝影 bride photo 黑心棉 shoddy cotton 機器閱卷 machine scoring 即開型獎券 scratch-open ticket/lottery 集中精力把經(jīng)濟建設(shè)搞上去 go all out for economic development 價格聽證會 public price hearings 甲A球隊 Division A Soccer Team 家政服務(wù) household management service 加強輿論監(jiān)督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 假帳 accounting fraud 叫板 challenge;pick a quarrel 矯情 use lame arguments 借調(diào) temporarily transfer 擴大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group。

擴大內(nèi)需，刺激消費expand domestic demand and consumption