第一篇:中國文化特色詞匯三種原文
中式英語之鑒
《對外宣傳中的英語質量亟待提高》
一、望文生義,不符合英語表達習慣的翻譯,即所謂Chinglish: 舉例: 膠水 glue 不準拍照 No photography 當心碰頭 Mind your head 拳頭產品fist product/key product 黃金地段hit area 看世界(電視欄目)open to the world 免淘米
二、不符合國際上通用慣例的翻譯,主要指一些常用的專門術語: 舉例:
外向型產業export-oriented industry 保稅區 bonded area 小商品博覽會 small commodity fair/ Internaional Commodities Fair
三、漢語中某些地道的簡略語英譯后令人難以理解: 舉例:
五講四美 five stresses and four points of beauty 三通three exchanges(of mail, trade, air and shipping services)
四、意思譯走樣的翻譯: 舉例:
進出口商品結構 structure of imports and exports;commodity composition of imports and exports;pattern of import and export merchandise;lineups of imports and exports;
機場班車 airport shuttle 空調公共汽車 an air-conditioned bus(海南島)天涯海角Ultima Thule,五、只顧詞語的字面意思,而不顧其特殊含義的翻譯: 舉例:
仲裁員休息室Referees lounge 旅游熱點travel hotspots 摸著石頭過河move steadily;look before you leap;超值享受invaluable enjoyment 人文奧運
Humanity Olympics 科技奧運
Scientific Olympics 在不了解中外文化差異情況下的文化移植: 舉例:
以外貿企業為龍頭
六、以漢語拼音權充翻譯: 舉例:
止咳川貝枇杷露 Chuanbei Bipa Cough syrup 上海皮鞋 Shanghai leather shoes
七、說話的語氣或口氣不當,影響對外宣傳效果: 舉例:
? 旅客登記時,須憑足以證明本人身份的有效證件,并說明住宿原因。
? 旅客必須遵守賓館飯店的規章制度,服從工作人員的管理,愛護飯店的公共財物。??
對違反上述規定的旅客,飯店有權責成改正。譯文:
? Guests are requested to show their own valid papers to prove their identities and to tell the reason for lodging when they check in at the hotel.? Every guest has the obligation to abide by the rules and regulations of the hotel, cooperate with the personnel in carrying out their duties and take good care of the property in the hotel.? The authority of the hotel has the right to reason with anyone who has violated the regulations mentioned above.?? 參考譯文:
? Please help us to speed up your check-in by presenting your ID.? Our guests are kindly expected to heed the rules and regulations.Your cooperation will be appreciated in making our services effective.??
標記語:
1. 2. 勿動展品 No touch,please.閑人免進No Access for Unauthorized Persons/ No Admittance except on Businee 3. 4. 5. 6.
問訊處 adversoary 失物招領處Lost and Found 男更衣室 male fit room 鱷魚傷人,嚴禁游泳。7. 8. 9. 保持車距,小心撞車。Keep distance, don’t kiss me 軍事要地,閑人免進。
車輛到此,停車繳費。No money, no parking 標語及廣告語:
1.“本店所備飲食,使你回味無窮。” 24.No Adultery Allowed 不得有任何摻雜
25.Learn from Civilized Tourists!/Salute to Civilized Tourists!向文明游客致敬!26.歡迎參加英語角活動!Welcome to English Corner!27.不得弄虛作假!No cheating!28.我們的事業一定勝利!We will succeed in the end!29.我們改革開放的步子要邁得更大一些。
30.熱烈歡迎國內外佳賓參加貿易洽談會!I extend my warmest welcome to our honourable guests at home and broad to this consultation.31.歡迎國內外佳賓光臨本市!
I’m very glad to have the attendance of the distinguished guests from home and abroad to come here
結合漢語文化中特有的并經常見諸媒體的事物談談翻譯過程中文化因素的處理方法
一、直譯
1. 扶貧 helping the poor/poverty relief/help-the-poor 2. 反腐倡廉 to combat corruption and build a clean government 3. 假冒偽劣商品 fake and inferior goods/counterfeit and shoddy goods 4. 打假 to crack down on counterfeit goods 5. 公章 official seal
二、意譯
1. 八七扶貧攻堅計劃 the plan to assist 80 million people in having sufficient food and clothing within seven years 2. 投機倒把 to engage in speculation and profiteering/play the market 3. 計劃生育 family planning;birth control 4. 西氣東送工程 West-East gas transmission project 5. 辭職下海to resign and go in for business 6. 搖頭丸Ecstasy/dancing outreach/ a narcotic/(MDMA drug)7. 紅白喜事(wear red or white, that is, at)weddings and funerals 8. “包二奶” to keep a woman other than one’s wife as his sexual partner illegally
三、直譯+意譯
1. 傳銷pyramid-selling /direct sales 2. 高考 university entrance examination 3. 紅頭文件official document 4. P.S.超常規發展:foresight development strategies
四、直譯或意譯(由語境決定)
1. 兩條腿走路 walking on two legs/to do two related things simultaneously/to balance the relations between two aspects 2. 陰盛陽衰
Yin rises while Yang declines/ the Yang forced recede in favor of the Yin forces/ the female being stronger and more powerful, or more numerous than the male
五、直譯+解釋
1. 菜籃子工程 “vegetable basket” project-a project for establishing production bases and increasing non-staple food supply 2. 希望工程 Project Hope, a project to enlist popular support to help children of poor families receive schooling 3. 開后門 to open the back door-to offer advantages to one’s friends or relations by understand means 4. 蹲牛棚 to be kept in a “cowshed”, a detention house(as a punishment during the Cultural Revolution,1966-1976)5. 一刀切 to cut it even at one stroke-to make it rigidly uniform/ to find a single solution or model for sth.六、直譯+注釋 1. 三個代表
“Three Represents”, namely that the Party must always represent the development trend of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people, is the crystallization of the Party's collective wisdom and a guiding ideology the Party must follow for a long time to come, Jiang said in his report.2. 五講、四美、三熱愛
five stresses, four points of beauty of mind, and three aspects of love(stress on decorum, manners, hygiene, discipline and morals, beauty of mind, language, behavior and the environment, love of the motherland, socialism and the Communist Party)3. 三講
Three stresses(stress on politics, study and rectitude)4. 三通
Three direct links(direct shipping, postal and business services between Taiwan and the Chinese mainland
5. 紅衛兵
Red Guards(mass organization of young people during the Cultural Revolution)
七、音譯+注釋/解釋
1. 法輪功Falun Gong(an evil religious organization with Li Hongzhi as its founder and head)2. 陰陽Yin and Yang , the two opposing principles in nature, the former feminine and negative, the latter masculine and positive 3. 大字報Dazibao;Bigcharacter poster 4. 衙門yamen(government office in feudal China)5. 旗袍chi-pao/qipao(a close-fitting woman's dress with high neck and slit skirt)6. 觀音菩薩 GUanyin, goddess of mercy(Avalokitesvara)
八、借譯
1. 打白條 to issue/give an IOU 2. 禪宗 Zen 3. 如來佛 Tathagada
九、音義合譯 1. 烏龍茶oolong(tea)2. 功夫片gongfu movies
十、綜合譯法
知識青年上山下鄉
Educated urban
young
people
go
and
work
in
the countryside.(usually referring to secondary school graduates who were unable to pursue their studies in institutions of higher learning during the Cultural Revolution,1966-1976)
漢譯英新詞難詞規范(直譯乎?意譯乎?)
為了規范翻譯市場,提高翻譯質量,保證我國對外宣傳工作的順利進行,中國譯協中譯外委員會決定定期組織研討會議,對目前對外宣傳中出現的一些漢語新詞、疑難詞匯的英譯進行規范。(中譯外委員會 由來自外交部、中央編譯局、中國外交局、新華社、中國國際廣播電臺、中國日報社等部門的專家學者組成)這些新詞難詞的翻譯涉及直譯/意譯以及搭配問題:
外資企業foreign invested enterprise 拳頭產品core products 下崗/分流 lay off/reposition of redundant employees 三角債 chain debt 基本生活費basic allowance 人才市場 talent market 民族地區minority ethnic group 社會辦學educational establishment run by non-governmental organizations 對口支援matched assistance(mutual assistance between two mutually related parties)特困地區 extreme poverty area/ destitute areas 重點工程key project 全民健身運動 National fitness program 義演 charity performance 傷害民族感情
西部大開發戰略 western development strategy 第一/第二/第三產業 tertiary industry 市場疲軟 sluggish market 市場火旺hitting up market 搶購panic shopping 追星族stargazer 試婚trial marriage 民工 migrant worker 安樂死 euthanasia 灰色收入 grey 個人演唱會 solo concert 今天我請客 it’s my treat today 打黃掃非eliminate pornography and illegal publications 新聞節目主持人 anchorman 電視臺主持人coanchor 貧富懸殊wide gap between the rich and poor 12
第二篇:中國文化相關詞匯英文翻譯
中國文化相關詞匯英文翻譯
1.元宵節 Lantern Festival
2.刺繡embroidery 3.重陽節Double-Ninth Festival 4.清明節Tomb sweeping day 5.剪紙Paper Cutting 6.書法Calligraphy 7.對聯(Spring Festival)Couplets 8.象形文字Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9.人才流動Brain Drain/Brain Flow 10.四合院Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11.戰國Warring States 12.風水Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13.鐵飯碗Iron Bowl 14.函授部The Correspondence Department 15.集體舞Group Dance 16.黃土高原Loess Plateau 17.紅白喜事Weddings and Funerals 18.中秋節Mid-Autumn Day 19.結婚證Marriage Certificate 20.儒家文化Confucian Culture 21.附屬學校Affiliated school 22.古裝片Costume Drama 23.武打片Chinese Swordplay Movie 24.元宵Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling(Soup)25.一國兩制One Country, Two Systems 26.火鍋Hot Pot 27.四人幫Gang of Four 28.《詩經》The Book of Songs 29.素質教育Essential-qualities-oriented Education 30.《史記》Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 31.大躍進Great Leap Forward(Movement)32.《西游記》The Journey to the West 33.除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 34.針灸Acupuncture 35.唐三彩Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery 36.中國特色的社會主義Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 37.偏旁radical 38.孟子Mencius 39.亭/閣 Pavilion/ Attic 40.大中型國有企業Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 41.火藥gunpowder 42.農歷Lunar Calendar 43.印/璽Seal/Stamp 44.物質精神文明建設The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization 45.京劇Beijing Opera/Peking Opera 46.秦腔Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera 47.太極拳Tai Chi 48.獨生子女證The Certificate of One-child 49.天壇Altar of Heaven in Beijing 50.小吃攤Snack Bar/Snack Stand 51.紅雙喜Double Happiness 52.政治輔導員Political Counselor/School Counselor 53.春卷Spring Roll(s)54.蓮藕Lotus Root 55.追星族Star Struck 56.故宮博物院The Palace Museum 57.相聲Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue 58.下崗Lay off/Laid off 59.北京烤鴨Beijing Roast Duck 60.高等自學考試Self-taught Examination of Higher Education 61.煙花爆竹fireworks and firecracker 62.敦煌莫高窟Mogao Caves 63.電視小品TV Sketch/TV Skit 64.香港澳門同胞Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao 65.文化大革命Cultural Revolution 66.長江中下游地區The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River 67.門當戶對Perfect Match/Exact Match 68.《水滸》Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh 69.中外合資企業Joint Ventures 70.文房四寶筆墨紙硯“The Four Treasure of the Study” “Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone” 71.兵馬俑cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army 72.旗袍cheongsam。73.光棍節 Singles day 74.相親謊言 Blind date lie 75.北京精神 Beijing spirit 76.魚療 Fish pedicure 77.白名單 White list 78.后窗文化 Rear window culture 79.垃圾時尚 Trashion 80.放養老公 Free-range husband 中國古代文學
紅樓夢 A Dream of Red Mansion/Chamber 水滸 Water Margin
西游記 Journey to the West
三國演義 Romance of the Three Kingdoms 聊齋志異 Strange Tales from a Scholar’s Studio 中華民族的喜慶節日(Chinese Festivial)國慶節 National Day中秋節 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival
除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival春節 Spring Festival
元宵節 Lantern Festival
兒童節 Children’s Day
端午節 Dragon Boat Festival
婦女節 Women’s Day
潑水節 Water-Splashing Day
教師節 Teachers’ Day 五四青年節 Youth Day 傳統節日詞匯
拜年 pay a new year call 爆竹 firecracker 鞭炮 a string of small fire crackers 大掃除 year-end household 燈謎 lantern riddles 廟會 temple fair 年畫 new year’ s picture 掛年畫 to hang out new year’s picture 年夜飯 family reunion dinner on lunar new year 守歲 to stay awake all night 年糕 glutinous cake for new year 大年初一 the first day of the first lunar month 八寶飯 eight-treasure rice pudding 對聯 poetic couplets 貼春聯 to put up antithetical couplets 糊窗花 to put up window paper-cuts 壓歲錢 money given to children as a lunar new year gift 民俗詞匯
轎子sedans 風車 pinwheel 雜技 acrobatics 魔術 magic 撥浪鼓 shaking drum 竹苗 bamboo flute 皮影 shadow puppet 糖人 sugar-molded 四合院 courtyard homes 踩高蹺 stilt walk 武術 martial arts 人力車 rickshaw 宮燈 palace lantern 猜拳 finger-guessing game 說書 monologue story-telling 老字號 time-honored 相聲 cross talk 中國獨特的傳統飲食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)餛飩 wonton
鍋貼 guotie(fried jiaozi)
春卷Spring Roll(s)蓮藕Lotus Root花卷 steamed twisted rolls
套餐 set meal
盒飯 box lunch;Chinese take-away
米豆腐 rice tofu
魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu
米粉 rice noodles
冰糖葫蘆 a stick of sugar-coated haws(or apples,etc.)
火鍋 Hot Pot
八寶飯 eight-treasure rice pudding
粉絲 glass noodles
豆腐腦 jellied bean curd
北京烤鴨Beijing Roast Duck
小吃攤Snack Bar/Snack Stand
特有的一些漢語詞匯
武術 martial arts 氣功 Qigong 打擂臺 to fight a challenge fight in an arena 聽評書 to listen to historical or traditional stories 下象棋 to play Chinese chess 練習書法 to make special studies of calligraphy 畫國畫 to do traditional Chinese painting 題詩 to inscribe a poem 求對 to match an antithetical couplet禪宗 Zen Buddhism
禪 dhyana;dhgaya
混沌 chaos
道 Daosim, the way and its power
四諦 Four Noble Truth
八正道 Eightfold Path
無常 anity
五行說 Theory of Five Elements
無我 anatman
坐禪 metta or transcendental meditation 空 sunyata
虛無 nothingness
雙喜 double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英)
小品 witty skits
相聲 cross-talk
噱頭;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt
夜貓子 night people;night-owls
本命年 this animal year of sb.處世之道 philosophy of life
姻緣 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)
還愿 redeem a wish(vows)1.畫類 壁畫 mural 國畫 Chinese traditional painting 水墨畫 ink and wash painting 絹畫 silk painting 木刻畫 wood engraving 版畫 engraving 貝雕畫 shell carving painting 年畫 new year picture 2.陶器類 陶器 pottery ware 玉器 jade article 瓷器 china ware 青瓷 celadon 青銅器 bronze ware 景泰藍 cloisonné enamel 漆器 lacquer ware 彩陶 painted pottery 唐三彩 trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty
3.雕刻類 冰雕 ice carving 玉雕 jade carving 石雕 stone carving 骨雕 bones carving 貝雕 shell carving 木雕 wood carving 根雕 tree root carving 瓷器雕 porcelain carving 象牙雕 ivory carving 4.塑像類 彩塑painted sculpture 畫塑 dough figurine 泥人兒 clay figure 5.扇類 絹扇 silk fan 檀香扇 sandal wood fan 折扇 folding fan
6.寶石類 珍珠 pearl 瑪瑙 agate 珊瑚 coral 翡翠 green jade 琥珀 amber 玉 jade
7.工藝類 刺繡 embroidery 雙面秀 two-sided embroidery 掛毯 tapestry 蠟染 batik 藤條制品 wickerwork 真絲 pure silk 煙嘴 cigarette holder 鼻煙壺 snuff bottle 圖章 seal盆景 potted landscape 屏風 screen 中國古代獨特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)宣紙 rice paper
衙門 yamen
叩頭 kowtow
孔子Confucius
牌樓 pailou;pai-loo
武術 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)
功夫 kungfu ;kung fu
中庸 the way of medium(cf.Golden Means)
中和 harmony(zhonghe)
孝順 to show filial obedience
孝子 dutiful son
家長 family head
三綱:君為臣綱,父為子綱,夫為妻綱 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife
五常:仁、義、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence(humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity
八股文 eight-legged essays
多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness
養兒防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age 歷史人文 history-related
春秋時期The Spring and Autumn Period吐蕃王國Tubo Kingdom王朝dynasty舊石器時代Paleolithic times 清朝帝王Qing emperors文成公主Tang Princess Wencheng春秋時代The Spring and Autumn Period大思想家和教育家A great thinker and educator慈禧太后Empress Dowager CiXi祭祀offer sacrifices君主monarch皇妃Imperial concubine丞相Prime minister太監Court eunuch古裝Ancient costume朝代dynasty 歷代various dynasty 少數民族ethnic minority蒙古族Mongolian 藏族Tibetan 維吾爾族Uygur 納西族Naxi minority阿壩藏族自治州Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 古代器具Ancient utensils考古學家archaeologist發掘unearth吉尼斯世界紀錄The Guinness Book of World Records公元 AD 公元前 BC誕生地Birthplace歷史文物historical relics歷史遺跡Historical site青銅器Bronze ware文人men of letters 雅士refined scholars 文物cultural relics 西域western countries 中國古代四大發明
火藥 gunpowder 指南針 compass 造紙術 paper-making techniques 印刷術 paper-printing technique 具有文化特色的現代表述
大陸中國 Mainland China
紅寶書 little red book
紅色中國 socialist China
四化 Four Modernizations
終生職業 job-for-life
鐵飯碗 iron rice bowl
大鍋飯 communal pot
關系戶 closely-related units
外出打工人員 migrant workers
關系網 personal nets, closely-knitted guild
五講(講文明、講禮貌、講衛生、講秩序、講道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals四美(心靈美、語言美、行為美、環境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment
近一季度見諸報端的中國現代特色詞匯翻譯
基層監督 grass-roots supervision
基礎稅率 base tariff level
婚介所 matrimonial agency婚外戀 extramarital love
婚紗攝影 bride photo
黑心棉 shoddy cotton
機器閱卷 machine scoring
即開型獎券 scratch-open ticket/lottery
集中精力把經濟建設搞上去 go all out for economic development
價格聽證會 public price hearings
甲A球隊 Division A Soccer Team
家政服務 household management service
加強輿論監督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion
假帳 accounting fraud
叫板 challenge;pick a quarrel
矯情 use lame arguments
漸進式臺獨 gradual Taiwan independence
借調 temporarily transfer
擴大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.擴大內需,刺激消費expand domestic demand and consumption
中國新興事物(Newly Sprouted Things)中國 電信 China Telecom
中國 移動 China Mobile
十五計劃 the 10th Five-Year Plan
中國電腦聯網 Chinanet
三峽工程 the Three Gorges Project
希望工程 Project Hope
京九鐵路 Beijing CKowloon Railway
扶貧工程 Anti-Poverty Project
菜籃子工程 Vegetable Basket Project
溫飽工程 Decent-Life Project
安居工程 Economy Housing Project 掃黃 Porn-Purging Campaign
西部大開發 Go-West Campaign 旅游熱點/景點英語詞匯大全
秦始皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang兵馬俑 Terracotta Warriors and horses/Terra-cotta Army青銅戰車戰馬bronze chariots and horses 與實物一樣大小life-size 臨潼區Lintong District 大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda絲綢之路the Silk Road敦煌 Dunhuang敦煌莫高窟 Mogao Grottoes / Caves, Dunhuang千佛洞Thousand-Buddha Cave壁畫murals / fresco佛經Buddhist Sutra塔里木盆地Tarim Basin 土魯番 Turpan華清池 Huaqing Hot Springs河西走廊 Hexi Corridor昆山市 city of Kunshan帕米爾山區Pamir Mountainous Region三峽 Three Gorges月牙泉 Crescent Spring桂林 Guilin陽朔 Yangshuo板石街(又名 “西洋街”)Slabstone Street, also known as “the Western Street”象鼻山 Elephant Trunk Hill獨秀峰the peak of unique beauty七星巖the seven star crag疊彩山 Piled Silk Hill駱駝山 Camel Hill漓江游 cruise on the Li River三山曉色 three Hill at Dawn青峰倒影 Green Peaks Reflected on Water月牙山 Crescent Hill千佛巖Cliff of Thousand Buddhas滇池 Lake Dianchi黑龍潭 Black Dragon Pool珠江夜游 Pearl River Night Cruise岷江Minjiang river野生動物園 Safari Park中國民俗文化村 China Folk Culture Villages佛教四大名山Four famous Buddhist Mountains五臺山 Wutai Mountain普陀山 Mount Putuo九華山 Jiuhua Mountain峨嵋山 Mount Emei五岳 China’s five great / sacred mountains武當山 Wudang Mountain嵩山 Songshan Mountain少林寺 Shaolin Temple泰山 Mount Tai岱廟 Dai Temple日光頂Riguan Peak-the Sun Watching Peak玉皇頂 Peak of the Heavenly Emperor黃山 Mount Huangshan;Yellow Mountain迎客松 Guest-Greeting Pine半山寺Mid-Hill Temple云谷寺 Cloudy Valley Temple光明頂Bright Summit天都峰 Heavenly Capital Peak蓮花峰 Lotus Peak奇松strangely-shaped pines 怪石grotesque rock formations 云海seas of clouds 溫泉hot springs 紫金山天文臺 Purple Mountain Observatory南天門The Heavenly Southern Gate午門meridian gate天壇 the Temple of Heaven紫禁城the Forbidden City 故宮the Imperial Place故宮博物院 the Palace Museum護城河Moat回音壁echo wall居庸關Juyongguan pass長壽山the longevity hill九龍壁the nine dragon wall黃龍洞the yellow dragon cave大清真寺great mosque黃帝陵Huang Di Mausoleum十三陵Ming Tombs中山陵Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum成吉思汗陵 Mausoleum of Genghis Khan魯迅故居Luxun’s former residence(重慶)渣滓洞 Cinder Cave(重慶)紅巖村 Red Crag Village(延安)寶塔山 Pagoda Hill東方威尼斯Oriental Venice蘇州園林 Suzhou gardens 獅子林 Lion Grove Garden怡園 Joyous Garden留園lingering Garden網師園 Garden of the Master of Nets耦園(諧音偶,佳偶之意)Garden of Couple’s Retreat西湖 West Lake蘇堤 Su Causeway白堤 Bai Causeway斷橋 Broken Bridge外西湖 Outer West Lake九寨溝jiuzhaigou布達拉宮Potala Palace日月潭 Lake Sun Moon名勝古跡places of scenic beauty and historical interests / scenic spots and historical sites 堡fort, fortress城堡castle長廊The Long Corridor殿hall拱頂vault鼓樓 drum-tower荷塘lotus pond湖石假山Lakeside rocks and rockeries祭壇 altar角樓watchtower九曲橋Bridge of Nine Turnings廊 corridor陵墓 emperor’s mausoleum/tomb樓 towermansion牌樓pailou, decorated archway橋bridges水榭 pavilion on the water塔 pagoda;tower臺 terrace壇altar梯staircase亭閣 pavilion亭臺樓閣pavilions, terraces, and towers;a general reference to the elaborate Chinese architecture溪streams行宮A temporary imperial palace鐘樓bell-tower柱pillar, column, post碑刻, 碑文, 碑銘inscriptions on a tablet碑林the forest of steles, tablet forest碑座 pedestal of the tablet壁畫 murals;fresco避暑山莊 mountain resort避暑勝地 summer resort 冬季旅游勝地Winter resort度假勝地 holiday resort佛教勝地 Buddhist resort滑雪勝地Ski resort 冰山iceberg火山 volcano青山green hill場所site, venue, locale, seat 出土unearth 道觀Taoist temple道教名山Taoist mountain堤防embankment地下軍團buried legion雕塑Sculptures 雕像 statue頂點Summit定情之物token of love洞穴/巖洞 cave;cavern仿古制品 antique replica復制品Replica高超工藝 superior workmanship孤柏Lone cypress古董antique, antiquity, curio古跡place of historical interest古建筑群 ancient architectural / building complex古墓 ancient tomb古松Age-old pine trees古玩店 antique/curio shop國家公園 national park海平面Sea level號稱五岳之首 rank first of the five great mountains in china后裔Descendant回廊corridor甲骨文 inscription on bones and tortoiseshells 假山rockeries 建筑風格Architectural style 江南水鄉 south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River景象Spectacle領略自然景觀的魅力 appreciate the charms of natural landscape蜜月度假勝地 honeymoon resort名山 famous mountain / mountain resort名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 摩崖石刻Carved out of a cliff瀑布 waterfall, fall小瀑布 cascade飛瀑plunging waterfall曲阜Qufu 曲徑winding path人文景觀places of historic figures and cultural heritage 人造物品Artifact日出Sunrise日落Sunset溶洞water-eroded cave溶巖景色,喀斯特地貌Karst scenery 石舫 stone boat石灰池Calcified pond石灰巖洞limestone cave石窟 grotto石牌Stone steles石橋Stone bridge石筍stalagmite石像Portrait stone世界第八大奇跡eighth wonder of the world 世界七大奇跡seven wonders of the world 世界文化遺產保護地World Heritage Sites(WHS)世界之窗 Window of the World書法真跡 calligraphic relics水鄉景色 riverside scenery私家園林Private garden四大奇觀Four wonders 縮影Miniature天下第一洞The most spectacular cave unparalleled elsewhere in the world天下第一泉The finest spring under heaven武當功夫 Wudang martial arts險峰perilous peaks 香格里拉Shangri-la(earthly paradise or utopia--generally secluded and peaceful)鑲嵌inlay修復Renovate雪峰snow-topped peaks雪山Snow-capped mountain釉面磚Glazed tile御花園 imperial garden園林建筑Garden architecture原始森林virgin forest藻類algae植物園botanical garden 主題公園 theme park自然景觀natural attraction;natural landscape / scenery 綜合建筑building complex坐佛Sitting Buddha;
第三篇:中國文化概況原文翻譯
《中國文化概況》是一部書籍,是從文化角度架起一座溝通中西的橋梁。下面小編為大家整理了中國文化概況原文翻譯,希望能幫到大家!
一、The constitution of the people’s republic of china is the fundamental law of the state.中華人民共和國憲法是中國的根本法。
The NPC is the highest organ of state power.Local people’s congresses are local organs of state power.The standing committee of the NPC is the permanent organ of the NPC.The term of office of the NPC and its standing committee is 5 years.The NPC and its standing committee are empowered with the rights of legislation, decision, supervision, election and removal.全國人民代表大會是最高國家權力機關。地方各級人民代表大會是地方權力機關。全國人民代表大會常務委員會是全國人大的常設機關。全國人大及其常委會任期是五年。全國人大及其常委會有立法,決策,監督,選舉和罷免的權力。
The communist party is the sole party in power in china.Apart from it, there are eight democratic parties in china.Multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC is the basic political system in china.共產黨是中國唯一的執政黨。除此之外,還有八個民主黨派。中國共產黨領導下的多黨合作和政治協商制度是中國的根本政治制度。
The state council, or the central people ’s government, of the people ’s republic of china is the executive body of the highest organ of state power and the highest organ of state administration.國務院,即中央人民政府,是中國的最高國家權力機關的執行機關,是最高國家行政機關。
The CPPCC is a united front organization under the leadership of the CPC and an organ for various other political parties, mass organizations and personages of various social circles to take part in the running of the state.人民政協是一個在黨和其他政黨的領導下統一戰線組織,社會各界組織和人士參與國家的運行。
二、Chinese philosophy is the collective designation for the various schools of thought.It developed independent of Europe and other civilized countries, with its own distinguishing feature, unique concept systems and expressive ways.Chinese philosophy has become one of the three philosophy systems in the world, the other two being Western philosophy and Indian philosophy.中國哲學是對各種思想流派的統稱。它以自己的特色,獨特的概念體系和表達方式歐洲和其他文明的國家發展。中國哲學已經成為世界三個哲學系統之一,其他兩個是西方哲學和印度哲學。
Chinese philosophy has developed over several thousand of years.Its origin can be traced back to the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties.It began to take definite shapes during the Spring and Autumn Period and enjoyed thriving development because of the emergence of the “a hundred schools of the thought contend” during the Warring States Period.中國哲學發展了幾千年。它的起源可以追溯到夏,商,周時期。它春秋戰國時期蓬勃發展因為“百家爭鳴”的出現。
三、Chinese classical literature refers to literature works from the days before the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty ,and is virtually an unbroken strand enduring dynastic changes.中國古典文學是從先秦到清末的文學作品,是改朝換代的一個重要的部分。
Long before the written language appeared, there was an oral tradition of tales of fables and legends.Some of them are still kept in some ancient books as a precious heritage of Chinese literature.Over 3000 years, there has emerged a great variety of excellent works in terms of poems, essays, novels, dramas and so on.早在文字出現之前,有寓言和神話傳說的口頭傳統。他們中的一些人仍然保留了一些古籍作為一種寶貴的中國文學遺產。在過去的3000年中,出現了大量優秀的作品,詩歌,散文,小說,戲劇等。
四、For more than a millennium, from the Qin Dynasty to the early part of the Ming Dynasty, Chinese science an technology contributed greatly to the progress of human civilization.Ancient China had a well-developed agricultural system along with advanced irrigation.A scientifically sophisticated China was also able to take advantage of an independent tradition in medicine and an advanced botanical knowledge.從先秦到明朝初期的一千多年,中國科學技術極大地促進了人類文明的進步。中國古代有一個發達的農業系統以及先進的灌溉。一個科學先進的中國也能夠利用醫學中的一個獨立的傳統和先進的植物學知識。
China ’s four great inventions, namely, the compass, gunpowder, movable type printing and papermaking, not only changed the world but also accelerated the evolution of world history.China further contributed to the world with its rich heritage in ceramics and silk.中國的四大發明,即,指南針,火藥,活字印刷術,造紙,不僅改變了世界,也加速了世界歷史的演變。中國的陶瓷和絲綢以其豐富的遺產對世界作出了貢獻。
The world’s most detailed and earliest astronomical records were kept by the Chinese.They were the first people to take note of such astronomical phenomena as comets, sunspots and new stars, producing the most advanced astronomical observatory apparatus of the time.世界上最詳細和最早的天象記錄是由中國保持。他們是第一個將如彗星、太陽黑子和新的恒星的這些天文現象記錄下來的人,生產了最先進的天文觀測儀器。China dominated in metallurgy.When Europeans still could not turn out a single piece of cast iron in the 14th century, China had been producing cast iron on an industrial scale for four centuries.中國主導冶金。當歐洲人還沒有鑄出一件鐵器的時候,中國已經大量生產鑄鐵四個世紀了。
第四篇:談中國文化的特色
談中國文化的特色.txt54就讓昨日成流水,就讓往事隨風飛,今日的杯中別再盛著昨日的殘痕;唯有珍惜現在,才能收獲明天。談中國文化的特色
五千年的色彩斑瀾的中華文化,具有獨立于世,與眾不同的歷史文化特征.大陸,是中國歷史文化的環境基礎;農業,是中國歷史文化的經濟基礎;儒學,是中國歷史文化的思想基礎,因而,中國的傳統文化,表現出濃烈的大陸文化,農業文化和儒家文化的色彩.中國傳統文化和西方基督教文化不同.西方歷史文化主要沿地中海周邊發展,重商重戰,本性開放,喜歡擴張.中國傳統文化則以大陸為基礎,她的品質是內向的.中國大陸的特點,一是面積巨大,二是邊緣環境惡劣.她東面是大海,西面是戈壁,南面是群山,北面是草原.比較起來,唯北面尚可發展,但又有游牧民族.于是自春秋開始,便在中原北部修筑長城,以至綿延萬里,使中原文化成為四面嚴防的獨特文化.上述特點,使中國傳統文化具有獨特的”墻文化”特征.中國人喜歡墻,國家筑有長城,私宅修有院墻.真可謂無墻不成國家,無墻不成城鎮.只不過各種墻的規格不同罷了.然而,中國的墻文化并不等于一味地主張封閉.確切地說,是對外封閉,而對內開放.這和西方不一樣,西方人的墻少,對外是開放 的;但宅內部卻是封閉的,即使父母要進孩子的房間,也需要得到允許,否則便是失禮.中國的宅院雖對外封閉,其內部卻到處有游廊窗閣相轄.那此做家長的.,有權取消一切人等的個人隱私.特別是如同<紅樓夢>中史太君那樣的家長.在人神關系的表現上,西方基督教文化承認上帝的絕對權威,認為人類是上帝的奴隸,人類成員不分貴賤在上帝面前,人人平等.中國傳統文化則不同,在中國歷史上最有權威的往往不是神靈,而是皇帝.如隋唐時代,三教并興,唐太宗做皇帝,便以皇帝的身份給儒,道,佛排座次.因為本皇帝姓要,道教的創始人也姓李,因而就把道教排在第一位,所謂一道二儒三佛.后來武則天做了皇帝,道教便也失寵,于是重新給儒首佛座次,認為佛每儒第二,道第三.這樣的做法,在基督教文化那里是不可思議的,皇帝也是凡人,凡人怎么能給宗教崇拜的神明排座次呢?其實,他們殊不知更有甚者,中國皇帝不但可以給神明排座次,還具有為凡人靈魂授爵的愛好,皇帝尊重孔夫了,就可以敕封他為大成至圣先師,皇帝喜歡關云長,就可以敕封他為蕩魔大將帝.不但如此,連開堂地獄中的事情,皇帝也可以管得.京劇中不一出傳統紅<鍘判官>,講地府中的判官行私枉法,閻君說:”陰間事不用你陽官來管”但包老爺更加理直氣壯,聲言:”宋朝天子他封我陰陽二官”于是,閻君沒有脾氣.正因為中國古來有這樣的傳統,所以中國從來不是一個宗教性的國家,中國老百姓進寺院燒香,就和傳統的西方的基督教徒進教堂的含義不同一樣了.基督教認為人生而有罪---原罪,進教堂的目的是去懺悔自己的行為,中國人不懂什么叫懺悔,在更多的情況下,好像在和神明做生意.花幾個錢,燒一柱香,便希望合家平安,便祈禱有美好的前程,或生個大胖兒子,或找一門好婚事,或生意興隆,日日發財.中國人似乎比神靈更精明,一方面,學習孔夫子”敬鬼神而遠之”一方面亦希望鬼神能為已服務.古代中國的皇權是高于一切的,但皇帝不能長命百歲.皇帝死了,便要根據其一生表現給一個廟號.劉邦創立天下,便稱高祖,劉恒,劉啟做皇帝時天下大治,便稱文帝,.武帝,劉徹八次出兵,將匈奴逐出漠北,死后便尊為武帝.楊廣昏庸暴虐,死于臣子手下,使稱 帝.此外還有哀帝,獻帝,少帝之類,都是不祥之兆.這樣看來,皇權雖大,但冥冥中還有一個高于皇權的力量,這個力量就是道,開明的皇帝,便是有道,否則既是無道.中國文化中的道,不但可以管皇帝,而且還可以世間的萬物,也管天上的神仙和地下的鬼魂.以道衡量,中國的一切神仙都有缺點,故而狐鬼神仙世界便也有了善惡,惡神善鬼,是中人智慧的表現,所以中國的許多妖狐鬼魅也是最有人情味的,像<聊齋志異>中許多美麗的善良的鬼狐,誰個不喜歡.中國古人的道,無所不在,無時不在.它近乎現代人觀念中的普遍規律,不過不是能用簡潔的語言概括的規律,唯其如此,老子才說:”道可道,非常道”
中國古人重視道的影響,講究天理,天命,天道,天運,又講天時,地利,人和,主張天人合一,無論天上地下,還是世間萬物,都被統一的力量所左右,而這力量正與人間的倫理綱常相合.中國古人不但講天人合一而且相信天人感應,統治都作了壞事,會天怒人怨,做了好事,等于順應天理,會得到上天與人世的共同支持,所以<易經>上說:”天行健,君子以自強不息”,”地勢坤,君子以厚德載物”.就是要人們去惡揚善,自強不息.中國文化傳統,最重視人生,也最熱愛人生,強調”食色性也”認定吃飯是第一位的,生兒育女是頂重要后是珍視生命,貴生惡死,二是重視生兒育女,傳記宗接代.因為重視生命,所以最有中國文化特色的道教,就有了與其它一般宗教絕然不同的文化品格.大抵宗教的特點是研究人死后怎么樣,而道教則一心關注人怎么能不 死?因為重視傳宗接代,所以對孔夫子說的”不孝有三,無后為大”才抱有宗教般的感情,在中國古人心目中,一切身外之物都可以不要,唯獨不能沒有子嗣.中華民族又是一個熱愛生活匠.勇于生活并善于生活的民族.這表現在中國人對生活的態度上.中華民族既是一個特別能吃苦耐勞的民族,又是一個特別講究美食的民族,既是一個勇于與惡劣環境作斗爭的民族,又是一個特別善于利用環境求生存的民族.所以中國的確良 飲食,曾經獨領風騷于世界.中國人在職 極其惡劣的自然條件下亦能頑強生存,自給自足.中國文化傳統表現在民族關系上,使民族和睦成為中華民族關系史上的主旋律.歷史上雖有許多民族沖突,但終究歸于一體.中國文化傳統表現在人生信仰方面,主張宗教寬容,雖然也曾有過宗教沖突,但總體而言,不同的信仰可以和睦相處,甚至可以相互促進,相得益彰.中國歷史上最值得驕傲的盛唐文化,就是儒道佛三家文化共存共融的結果,可以說,沒有其中任何一家的努力,.都不會有偉大的盛唐文明.中國文化傳統表現在文學,.藝術上,使中國藝術具有獨特的審美價值.中國古人善于師法自然,造化天功,抒情寫意,不失天然本色,比如中國的古代建筑藝術,最擅長借天然景色,變天上景為人間景,使二者相互融為 一體,更見光輝.如北京舊時燕就八景之一的蘆溝曉月,就深得個中三昧,月亮本是自然景觀,建筑師卻使它與蘆溝發生關聯,橋因月而生輝,月因橋而增色,這便是中國人特有的思維和設計方式,而這種方式對于現代人類保護和利用環境仍有寶貴的借鑒價值.中國文化傳統這些特點,使中國文化更具兼容性,整體性,現實性和模糊性.表現在行為方式上,古代中國人不喜歡天人分裂的極端行為,更喜歡儒家學說中的中庸之道.中國文化傳統的這些特點,決定了中國文化具有強大的向心力,中國人熱愛故土,重視鄉土人情,雖遠游千里,終不忘落葉歸根.有人說中國人最重種族血緣關系,其實不然,和日本民族相比,中國人更重視土地,日本才是最重視血緣關系的民族,所以異族人在日本生活,即使住上一百年,仍然不能同化到日本民族中去,西方人又不同,他們最重功利,利之所在,即義之所在,氫離鄉背井,尋找新的生活環境,并不是特別難堪的事情.中國人最重視鄉土關系的,只要在同一塊土地上生活,便是老鄉,而老鄉見老鄉,便中兩眼淚汪汪,舊詩中寫人生四大美事:久旱逢甘霖,他鄉遇故知,洞房花燭夜,金榜題名時.其中第二件說的就是鄉土情誼.但中國文化傳統,不僅重視親情關系,而且非常重視人際關系,中國是一個最富有人情味的國家,中國人好客,有朋自遠方來,不亦樂乎,中國人重禮儀,重道德,重倫常,愛面子,凡此種種,使得中國人對人生具有一種充滿善意的態度和美好物希望,.葉公問政,子曰,近者悅,遠者來,仲弓問仁,子曰,出門如見大賓,使怊承大祭,已所不欲勿施于人.但也應看到,古代中國雖然從來不是一個宗教國家,卻是一個歷史極為漫長的等級制國家,人分九等,尊卑有序,官民界線分明,奴才都分大小,君為臣綱,父為子綱,夫為妻綱,使人生傾斜,觀念僵化.在官場上,宰相雖大,但皇權更大,正如明朝高有遷杖,即使身為宰相,一旦觸怒了皇帝,也馬上拖下去痛打,知縣在秦代還是重要的官吏,但后來官僚隊伍日益龐大,縣官地位亦日見卑下,所謂七品縣令,不過芝麻小官,他們一方面對皇權形如螞蟻,但轉臉而對百姓,便成了大象,一方百姓的父母官,雖然孟子說過,民為貴,社稷次之,君為輕的話,但中國傳統文化本質上依然屬于官本位類型,這是中國自宋元以降,慢慢而至大大落后于世界文明歷史發展水平的重要原因之一.日本的一位學者比較中,日文化,說中國文化是至尊與至強合一的文化,而日本文化是至尊與至強分離的文化,日本歷史上的至尊者,唯有天皇,所以除非皇族嫡系,沒有人對天皇的寶座存在幻想,但至強者卻未必是天皇,在相當長的時期內,天皇因然至尊,幕府才是至強,所以日本人的文化性格,就有了兩重性,一方面不作至尊的夢想,一方面又有無比強烈的自強精神。中國傳統文化則不同。至尊者,是皇帝;至強者,也是皇帝。其流勢在于,中辦特別是中斬知識分子,智慧回然絕不弱于他人,但人格很難完整,在皇權與官僚面前,往往不知不覺,便矮下去三尺。
中國文化傳統,又是一種重農抑商、重“仕”輕技的文化類型。一方面輕視和歧視商人,一方面又輕視和藐視科技。所以中國雖有“四大發明”。但在世界近代科學史上的發明創造者中,卻很少有呂國人的名字。鄭和下西洋的時間雖然早于哥倫布,卻沒有到得哥倫布那樣的歷史性成績。此無地,因為鄭和后面缺少控商業作后盾,也缺少控文明的有力支持。
中國傳統文化的我,決定了中國在相當多的歷史階段不是一個開放性的國家,而且自我中心觀念嚴重。總認為別人有的,我們中國全有;不但全有,而且比人家的資格更老。這種盲目的老大思想,往往使得中國人對自己缺乏正確認識。日本人總有危機感,中國人卻很少危機感。很能多情況下,明明已經發生危機,還以為天下無事不樂,只管高枕無憂。
公平地講,世界上各個不同民族的歷史文化,在宏觀意義上考慮并沒有優劣之分,而在階段意義上講,卻有優劣之別。中國自15世紀以后,與西方文明拉開距離,這是一個不爭的事實。
中華民族的文明史,實是一部尺心動魂、催人淚下的興衰史。中國雖然是唯一沒有發生文化斷層的歷史文明士古國,但沒有斷層,不等于沒有興衰菪;中華民族雖然曾領風騷于世界,但也曾成為讓別人看不起的東亞病夫。
反思中華民族的興衰史,我們得出這樣的結論:凡開放時期,便是興旺時期;凡封閉時期,則是已經衰落或正在走向衰落的時期。
春秋戰國時代,是中國歷史最輝煌的一頁那是一個開放的時代,齊人可以去魏,魏人可以入秦,燕人可以南下,楚人可以北上;百家爭鳴,百花齊放。唐代文明,是中國歷史上最什得驕傲的一段。唐前經過數百年興衰**,使得唐王朝具有博大的歷史胸襟。唐時文化興旺,對儒文化、道文化、佛文化以及各個少數的文化,均采取寬容的態度。所謂唐人有胡氣,正說明了唐人勇于開放;唐人有明氣,才顯示了唐文化博大瑰麗的歷史風貌。
中國自15世紀始,落后于西方。此后一去三百年,與世界先進國家的差距越來越大。直到鴉片戰爭,才使得中華民族從歷史文化迷夢中尺醒起來。
積中華民族數千年之經驗,積中國歷史數百年之教訓:唯有開放的中國才有光明的前程!
自然,開放不是一個孤立的社會舉措。與其說國家的開放是一項政策,不如說是一項偉大的歷史性的文化工程。國家的開放,必須要有與之相適應的思想觀念、管理體制、文化教育和經濟戰略相配合,要講究科學與文明,要提高整個民族的文化素質。未來中國要趕上世界潮流,就要造就一代具有高度科學水平和文化修養的中國人。
一要開放,二要科學,三要文明,這正是中國歷史興盛發達的原因所在。現代中國人之所以要反思自己民族和國家的歷史就是要正確的評價別人和自己,從而找出正確的發展道路,以最快的速度、最好的方式,趕上世界潮流成為先進國家。李約瑟說過:“當東西方科技接觸時,會達友一個互相融為一體的時機。”但他沒有說,這是一個怎樣的時機。
我們認為,當世界各民族文化終于融為一體的時候,將成人類文明的偉大歷史機遇和空前盛的歷史性節日。
第五篇:中國文化相關詞匯英文翻譯
中國文化相關詞匯英文翻譯
元宵節:Lantern Festival 刺繡:embroidery 重陽節:Double-Ninth Festival 清明節:Tomb sweeping day 剪紙:Paper Cutting 書法:Calligraphy 對聯:(Spring Festival)Couplets 象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 人才流動:Brain Drain/Brain Flow 四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle 戰國:Warring States 風水:Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 鐵飯碗:Iron Bowl 函授部:The Correspondence Department 集體舞:Group Dance 黃土高原:Loess Plateau 紅白喜事:Weedings and Funerals 中秋節:Mid-Autumn Day 結婚證:Marriage Certificate 儒家文化:Confucian Culture 附屬學校:Affiliated school 古裝片:Costume Drama 武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie 元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling(Soup)一國兩制:One Country,Two Systems 火鍋:Hot Pot 四人幫:Gang of Four 《詩經》:The Book of Songs 素質教育:Essential-qualities-Oriental Education 《史記》:Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 大躍進:Great Leap Forward(Movement)《西游記》:The Journey to the West 除夕:Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 針灸:Acupuncture 唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/The Tang Tri-colored pottery 中國特色的社會主義:Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 偏旁:radical 孟子:Mencius 亭/閣:Pavilion/Attic 大中型國有企業:Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 火藥:gunpowder 農歷:Lunar Calendar 印/璽:Seal/Stamp 物質精神文明建設:The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization 京劇:Beijing Opera/Peking Opera 秦腔:Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera 太極拳:Tai Chi 獨生子女證:The Certificate of One-child 天壇:Altar of Heaven in Beijing 小吃攤:Snack Bar/Snack Stand 紅雙喜:Double Happiness 政治輔導員:Political Counselor/School Counselor 春卷:Spring Roll(s)蓮藕:Lotus Root 追星族:Star Struck 故宮博物院:The Palace Museum 相聲:Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue 下崗:Lay off/Laid off 北京烤鴨:Beijing Roast Duck 高等自學考試:Self-taught Examination of Higher Education 煙花爆竹:fireworks and firecracker 敦煌莫高窟:Mogao Caves 電視小品:TV Sketch/TV Skit 香港澳門同胞:Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao 文化大革命:Cultural Revolution 長江中下游地區:The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River 門當戶對:Perfect Match/Exact Match 《水滸》:Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh 中外合資企業:Joint Ventures 文房四寶(筆墨紙硯):The Four Treasure of the Study:Brush,Inkstick,Paper,and Inkstone 兵馬俑:cotta Warriors/Terracotta Army 旗袍:cheongsam 光棍節:Single day 相親謊言:Blind date lie 北京精神:Beijing spirit 魚療:Fish pedicure 白名單:White list 后窗文化:Rear window culture 垃圾時尚:Trashion 放養老公:Free-range husband常見中國傳統文化專用詞匯英文翻譯
1.中國意念詞(Chinesenesses)八卦:trigram 陰、陽:Yin,Yang 道:Dao(cf.logo)江湖(世界):the jianghu World(the traits’ world)
e.g.You can’t control everything in a traits’ world.(人在江湖,身不由己)道:Daoism(Taoism)
上火:excessive internal heat 儒學:Confucianism 紅學(《紅樓夢》研究):redology 世外桃源:Shangri-la or Arcadia 開放:Kaifang(Chinese openness to the outside world)大鍋飯:getting an equal share regardless of the wounded 傷痕文學:scar literature or the literature of the wounded 不搞一刀切:no imposing uniformity on...合乎國情,順乎民意:to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people 亂攤派,亂收費:imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge 鐵交椅:iron(lifetime)post’s /guaranteed leading post 脫貧:to shake off poverty/anti-poverty 治則興,亂則衰:Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline
2.中華民族的喜慶節日(Chinese Festival)國慶節:National Day 中秋節:Mid-Autumn Day/Festival 春節:Spring Festival 元宵節:Lantern Festival 兒童節:Children’s Day 端午節:Dragon Boat Festival 婦女節:Women’s Day 潑水節:Water-Splashing Day 教師節:Teachers’ Day 五四青年節:Youth Day
3.中國獨特的傳統飲食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)餛飩:wonton 鍋貼:guotie(fried jiaozi)花卷:steamed twisted rolls 套餐:set meal 盒飯:box lunch/Chinese take-away 米豆腐:rice tofu 魔芋豆腐:konjak tofu 米粉:rice noodles 冰糖葫蘆:a stick of sugar-coated haws(or apples,etc.)火鍋:chafing dish 八寶飯:eight-treasure rice pudding 粉絲:glass noodles 豆腐腦:jellied bean curd
4.中國新興事物(Newly Sprouted Things)中國電信:China Telecom 中國移動:China Mobile 十五計劃:the 10th Five-Year Plan 中國電腦聯網:Chinanet 三峽工程:the Three Gorges Project 希望工程:Project Hope 京九鐵路:Beijing CKowloon Railway 扶貧工程:Anti-Poverty Project 菜籃子工程:Vegetable Basket Project 溫飽工程:Decent-Life Project 安居工程:Economy Housing Project 掃黃:Pom-Purging Campaign 西部大開發:Go-West Campaign
5.特有的一些漢語詞匯 禪宗:Zen Buddhism 禪:dhyana/dhgaya 混沌:chaos
道:Daosim/the way and its power 四諦:Four Nobel Truth 八正道:Eightfold Path 無常:anity 五行說:Theory of Five Elements 無我:anatman 坐禪:metta or transcendental meditation 空:sunyata 虛無:nothingness 雙喜:double happiness(中)/a doubled stroke of luck(英)小品:witty skits 相聲:cross-talk 噱頭/掉包袱:gimmick/stunk 夜貓子:night people/night-owls 本命年:this animal year of sb.處世之道:philosophy of life 姻緣:yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)還愿:redeem a wish(vows)
6.具有文化特色的現代表述 大陸中國:Mainland China 紅寶書:little red book 紅色中國:socialist China 四化:Four Modemizations 終身職業:job-for-life 鐵飯碗:iron rice bowl 大鍋飯:communal pot 關系戶:closely-related units 外出打工人員:migrant workers 關系網:personal nets/closely-knitted guild 五講(講文明、講禮貌、講衛生、講秩序、講道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum,manners,hygiene,disciplines and morals 四美(心靈美、語言美、行為美、環境美):the Four Virtues are golden heart,refined language,civilized behavior,and green environment
7.中國古代獨特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)宣紙:rice paper 衙門:yamen 扣頭:kowtow 孔子:Confucius 牌樓:pailou/pai-loo 武術:wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)功夫:kungfu/kung fu 中庸:the way of medium(cf.Golden Means)中和:harmony(zhonghe)孝順:to show filial obedience 孝子:dutiful son 家長:family head 三綱:君為臣綱,父為子綱,夫為妻綱:three cardinal guides ruler guides subject,father guides son,husband guides wife 五常:仁、義、理、智、信:five constant virtues:benevolence(humanity),righteousness,propriety,wisdom and fidelity 八股文:eight-legged essays 多福多子:The more sons/children,the more blessing/great happiness 養兒防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age
8.近一季度見諸報端的中國現代特色詞匯翻譯 基層監督:grass-roots supervision 基礎稅率:base tariff level 婚介所:matrimonial agency 婚外戀:extramarital love 婚紗攝影:bride photo 黑心棉:shoddy cotton 機器閱卷:machine scoring 即開型獎券:scratch-open ticket/lottery 集中精力把經濟搞上去:go all for economic development 價格聽證會:public price hearings 甲A球隊:Division A Soccer Team 家政服務:household management service 加強輿論監督:ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 假賬:accounting fraud 叫板:challenge/pick a quarrel 矯情:use lame arguments 漸進式臺獨:gradual Taiwan independence 借調:temporarily transfer 擴大中等收入者比重:Raise the proportion of the middle-income group 擴大內需,刺激消費:expand domestic,demand and consumption