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第一篇：高中英語(yǔ)人教版選修8翻譯課文翻譯

英語(yǔ) 選修8 翻譯

Unit1 一個(gè)多元文化的國(guó)家

加利福尼亞是美國(guó)的第三大州，而且是人口最多的州。加州與眾不同之處在于它也是美國(guó)最具多元文化的一個(gè)州，它吸引了來(lái)自世界各地的人們。這些移民的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣以及語(yǔ)言在他們的新家都得以延續(xù)。當(dāng)你了解了加利福尼亞的歷史后，你就不會(huì)對(duì)此感到驚訝了。

美洲土著人

最早的一批人具體是在什么時(shí)候來(lái)到我們現(xiàn)在所知道的加利福尼亞地區(qū)的，誰(shuí)也說(shuō)不清楚。然而，很可能至少在15 ,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了。科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，這些遷居者通過(guò)一條史前時(shí)代曾經(jīng)存在的大陸橋穿越北極地區(qū)的白令海峽到達(dá)美洲。歐洲人在16世紀(jì)來(lái)到這兒后，土著人遭受了極大的苦難，成千上萬(wàn)的人被殺害或被迫成為奴隸。此外，歐洲人帶來(lái)了疾病，使許多人染病而死，不過(guò)，還是有一些人在經(jīng)歷了這些恐怖時(shí)期后活下來(lái)了。今天住在加利福尼亞的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。

西班牙人

在18世紀(jì)的時(shí)候，加利福尼亞是由西班牙統(tǒng)治的西班牙士兵最早是在1 6世紀(jì)初期來(lái)到南美洲的，他們同土著人打仗，并奪去了他們的土地。兩個(gè)世紀(jì)以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地區(qū)定居下來(lái)，而且還在我們現(xiàn)在稱(chēng)之為美國(guó)的西北沿海地區(qū)住下來(lái)。在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責(zé)是向原住民傳授天主教。1821年，墨西哥人從西班牙獲得了獨(dú)立-加利福尼亞于是成了墨西哥的一部分。1846年美國(guó)向墨西哥宣戰(zhàn)，美國(guó)贏得戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亞割讓給美國(guó)。但是，這個(gè)州至今仍然保留著很強(qiáng)的西班牙的影響。這就是為什么今天還有40%的加利福尼亞人仍然把西班牙語(yǔ)作為第一或第二語(yǔ)言的緣故。

俄羅斯人

19世紀(jì)初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄羅斯獵人開(kāi)始在加利福尼亞定居下來(lái)。今天，住在圣弗朗西斯科（舊金山）及其周邊地區(qū)的美籍俄羅斯人約有25,000人。

淘金礦工

1848年，在美國(guó)同墨西哥開(kāi)戰(zhàn)之后不久，在加利福尼亞發(fā)現(xiàn)了金礦。發(fā)財(cái)夢(mèng)很快就吸引了世界各地的人。距離最近因而來(lái)得最早的是南美洲人和美國(guó)人。隨后跟著來(lái)的有歐洲和亞洲的探險(xiǎn)家。事實(shí)上很少有人圓了發(fā)財(cái)夢(mèng)。一些人死了或回家了，但是盡管條件十分艱苦，多數(shù)人還是留在了加利福尼亞勞作謀生，并在新的城鎮(zhèn)或農(nóng)場(chǎng)里定居下來(lái)。到1850年加利福尼亞成為美國(guó)第31個(gè)州的時(shí)候，它已經(jīng)是一個(gè)有著多種文化的社會(huì)了。

后來(lái)的移民

雖然中國(guó)移民在淘金熱時(shí)期就開(kāi)始到來(lái)了，但是更大批量的移民卻是在1 9世紀(jì)60年代為了修建貫穿美國(guó)東西海岸的鐵路而來(lái)的。今天，加利福尼亞州各地都有美籍華人，盡管有很大比例的華人還是選擇住在洛杉磯和圣弗朗西斯科（舊金山）的“中國(guó)城”里。

19世紀(jì)后期，其他國(guó)家的移民，比如意大利人來(lái)到了加利福尼亞，他們主要是漁民，也有制酒工人。1911年，丹麥的移民建立了自己的城鎮(zhèn)，至今仍然保留著丹麥文化。20世紀(jì)20年代，電影業(yè)在加州的好萊塢建立了起來(lái)。這個(gè)行業(yè)吸引了大量的歐洲人，包括許多猶太人。今天，加利福尼亞的猶太人口在美國(guó)占第二位。

日本農(nóng)民是在20世紀(jì)初期開(kāi)始到加利福尼亞來(lái)的，而從20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái)就有更多的日本人在加利福尼亞定居了。非洲人從1 9世紀(jì)就在加利福尼亞住下來(lái)，他們是從墨西哥向北遷來(lái)的。然而，更多的非洲人是在1942年至1945年期間來(lái)到加利福尼亞的，當(dāng)時(shí)他們是到船廠和飛機(jī)廠工作。

第二篇：高中英語(yǔ)選修6課文逐句翻譯(人教新課標(biāo))

1.選修六Unit1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING 西方繪畫(huà)藝術(shù)簡(jiǎn)史

Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.藝術(shù)是受著人民生活習(xí)俗和信仰的影響的。Styles in Western art have changed many times.西方的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格經(jīng)歷了多次變革。As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text.由于西方的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格多種多樣，在短短的一篇課文里不可能進(jìn)行全面的描述。Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD.因此,本文只談及從公元6世紀(jì)以來(lái)最主要的幾種藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。

The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD)中世紀(jì)(公元5世紀(jì)到15世紀(jì))

During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.在中世紀(jì),畫(huà)家的主要任務(wù)是把宗教的主題表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were.一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)家無(wú)意于如實(shí)地展現(xiàn)自然和人物。A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God.那個(gè)時(shí)期的典型的繪畫(huà)充滿(mǎn)了宗教的(象)特征,體現(xiàn)出了對(duì)上帝的愛(ài)戴與敬重。But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.但是,很顯然到了13世紀(jì)時(shí),觀念發(fā)生變化,像喬托這樣的畫(huà)家開(kāi)始以一種比較現(xiàn)實(shí)的風(fēng)格來(lái)畫(huà)宗教場(chǎng)景。The Renaissance(15th to 16th century)文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期(15世紀(jì)到16世紀(jì))

During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages.在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期,新的思想和價(jià)值觀逐漸取代了中世紀(jì)的思想和價(jià)值觀。People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.人們開(kāi)始較少關(guān)注宗教主題而采取一種更人性化的生活態(tài)度。At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art.同時(shí)畫(huà)家們回到了羅馬、希臘的古典藝術(shù)理念上。They tried to paint people and nature as they really were.他們力爭(zhēng)如實(shí)地畫(huà)出人物和自然。Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses.富人們想擁有自己的藝術(shù)品并用來(lái)裝飾自己的高級(jí)宮殿和豪宅They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.,他們出價(jià)聘請(qǐng)著名藝術(shù)家來(lái)為自己畫(huà)像,畫(huà)自己的房屋和其他財(cái)物,以及他們的活動(dòng)和成就。

One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective.在此期間,最重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一就是如何用透視法來(lái)畫(huà)出事物。This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428.這一手法是1428年由馬賽其奧第一次使用的。When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.當(dāng)人們第一次看到他的畫(huà)時(shí),還以為是透過(guò)墻上的小洞來(lái)觀看真實(shí)的場(chǎng)景,并對(duì)此深信不疑。If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.如沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)透視法,人們就不可能畫(huà)出如此逼真的畫(huà)。By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.巧合的是這一時(shí)期油畫(huà)顏料也得到了發(fā)展,它使得繪畫(huà)的色彩看上去更豐富、更深沉。Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.沒(méi)有新的顏料和新的(繪畫(huà))手法,我們就不能看到很多使這一時(shí)代著名的杰作。Impressionism(late 19th to early 20th century)印象派時(shí)期(19世紀(jì)后期到20世紀(jì)初期)

In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.19世紀(jì)后期,歐洲發(fā)生了巨大的變化,從以農(nóng)業(yè)為主的社會(huì)變成了以工業(yè)為主的社會(huì)。Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities.許多人從農(nóng)村遷入到新城市。There were many new inventions and social changes.有著許多新發(fā)明,還有許多社會(huì)變革。Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles.這些變革也自然而然地促成了新的繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格。Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.在那些突破傳統(tǒng)畫(huà)法的畫(huà)家中有生活和工作在法國(guó)巴黎的印象派畫(huà)家。

The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors.印象派畫(huà)家是第一批室外寫(xiě)景的畫(huà)家。They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day.他們急切地想把一天中不同時(shí)間投射到物體上的光線和陰影呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)。However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly.然而由于自然光的變化很快,印象派畫(huà)家們必須很快地作畫(huà),Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters.因此,他們的畫(huà)就不像以前那些畫(huà)家們的畫(huà)那樣細(xì)致了。At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it.起初,許多人都不喜歡這種畫(huà)法,甚至還怒不可遏。They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.他們說(shuō)這些畫(huà)家作畫(huà)時(shí)漫不經(jīng)心、粗枝大葉,而他們的作品更是荒謬可笑。Modern Art(20th century to today)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)(20世紀(jì)至今)

At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”.在印象派作品的創(chuàng)建初期,它們是存在著爭(zhēng)議的,但是如今己被人們接受而成為現(xiàn)在我們所說(shuō)的“現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”的始祖了。This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways.這是因?yàn)橛∠笈晒膭?lì)畫(huà)家用一種嶄新的視角看待他們的環(huán)境。There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist.如今,現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)風(fēng)格有好幾十種,然而如果沒(méi)有印象派,那么這許多不同的風(fēng)格就不可能存在。On the one hand, some modern art is abstract;that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them.一方面,有些現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)是抽象的,也就是說(shuō),畫(huà)家并不打算把我們眼睛看到的東西如實(shí)地畫(huà)出來(lái),而是集中展現(xiàn)物體的某些品質(zhì)特性,用色彩、線條和形狀把它們呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)。On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.而另一方面,有些現(xiàn)代派的藝術(shù)作品卻是那么寫(xiě)實(shí),看上去就像是照片。These styles are so different.這些風(fēng)格如此不同。Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future?誰(shuí)能預(yù)言將來(lái)會(huì)有什么樣的繪畫(huà)藝術(shù)風(fēng)格?

2.選修六Unit 1 THE BEST OF MANHATTAN’S ART GALLERIES曼哈頓藝術(shù)畫(huà)廊薈萃 The Frick Collection(5th Avenue and E.70th Street)弗里克收藏館(第5大道和第70街大道之間)

Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in New York.在紐約,比起其他藝術(shù)館許多藝術(shù)愛(ài)好者都更樂(lè)意參觀這家小型藝術(shù)陳列館。Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people.亨利·克萊·弗里克是紐約的一位富豪,于1919年去世,把他的房子、家具和藝術(shù)收藏品全部留給了美國(guó)人民。Frick had a preference for pre-twentieth century Western paintings, and these are well-represented in this excellent collection.弗里克對(duì)20世紀(jì)以前的西方繪畫(huà)有偏愛(ài),而在這個(gè)陳列館的珍藏品里這些繪畫(huà)得以很好展出。You can also explore Frick's beautiful home and garden which are well worth a Visit.你還可以好好考察一下弗里克美麗的故居和花園,它們是很值得一看的。Guggenheim Museum(5th Avenue and 88th Street)古根海姆博物館(第5大道和第88街交匯處)

This museum owns 5,000 superb modern paintings, sculptures and drawings.這家博物館擁有5000幅非常好的現(xiàn)代油畫(huà)、雕塑和素描。These art works are not all displayed at the same time.The exhibition is always changing.這些藝術(shù)品并不是同時(shí)展出的,展品總是在不斷地更換。It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings.展覽將吸引印象派和后印象派作品的愛(ài)好者。The Guggenheim Museum building is also world-famous.古根海姆博物館的大樓也是世界聞名的。When you walk into gallery, you feel as if you were inside a fragile, white seashell.當(dāng)你走進(jìn)畫(huà)廊的時(shí)候,你會(huì)覺(jué)得你進(jìn)入了一個(gè)易碎的白色貝殼之中。The best way to see the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom.看畫(huà)展最好是從頂層看起,一直往下看到底層。There are no stairs just a circular path.The museum also has an excellent restaurant.展廳里沒(méi)有樓梯,只有一條環(huán)形的小道。博物館里還有一家極好的餐館。

Metropolitan Museum of Art(5th Avenue and 82nd Street)大都會(huì)藝術(shù)博物館(第5大道與第82街交匯處)

The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection.這家博物館以收藏藝術(shù)品種類(lèi)繁多而享有盛名。This covers more than 5,000 years of civilization from many parts of the world, including America, Europe, China, Egypt, other African countries and South America.它的藝術(shù)品收藏涵蓋了5000多年來(lái)世界上眾多國(guó)家的文明史,其中包括美洲、歐洲、中國(guó)、埃及、其他非洲國(guó)家和南美洲。The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art.It introduces you to ancient ways of living.這家博物館展出的不只是可以看得見(jiàn)的藝術(shù)之美,它還向你介紹了古代的生活方式。You can visit an Egyptian temple, a fragrant Ming garden, a typical room in an 18th century French house and many other special exhibitions.你可以看到埃及的寺廟,馥郁的明朝花園,18世紀(jì)法國(guó)住宅中的典型房間,以及許多其他特殊展品。Museum of Modern Art(53rd Street, between 5th and 6th Avenues)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)博物館(第53街,位于第5和第6大道之間)

It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum.令人驚奇的是,在同一家博物館里竟能容納下19世紀(jì)后期到21世紀(jì)的如此眾多的名家巨作。The collection of Western art includes paintings by such famous artists as Monet, Van Gogh, Picasso and Matisse.西方藝術(shù)的收藏包括有莫奈、凡高、畢加索和馬蒂斯等著名藝術(shù)家的作品。A few words of warning: the admission price is not cheap and the museum is often very crowded.有幾句話需要提醒你注意:博物館票價(jià)不菲,而且常常十分擁擠。

Whitney Museum of American Art(945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street)惠特尼美國(guó)藝術(shù)博物館(麥迪遜大道945號(hào),靠近第75街)

The Whitney holds an excellent collection of contemporary American painting and sculpture.惠特尼博物館藏有極好的當(dāng)代美國(guó)繪畫(huà)和雕塑品。There are no permanent displays in this museum and exhibitions change all the time.館內(nèi)沒(méi)有永久性的展出,展品都是隨時(shí)更換的。Every two years, the Whitney holds a special exhibition of new art by living artists.惠特尼博物館每?jī)赡暧幸淮翁厥獾恼褂[,展品是仍然在世的藝術(shù)家們的新作。The museum also shows videos and films by contemporary video artists.這家博物館還展出當(dāng)代影視藝術(shù)家的錄像和電影作品。

3.選修六Unit 2 A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS 簡(jiǎn)體英文詩(shī)

There are various reasons why people write poetry.人們寫(xiě)詩(shī)有著各種各樣的理由。Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression.有些詩(shī)是為了敘事，或者說(shuō)是描述某件事并給讀者以強(qiáng)烈的印象。Others try to convey certain emotions.而有些詩(shī)則是為了傳達(dá)某種感情。Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves.詩(shī)人用許多不同風(fēng)格的詩(shī)來(lái)表達(dá)自己的情感。In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms.本文只談了幾種格式比較簡(jiǎn)單的詩(shī)。

Some of the first poetry a young child learns in English is nursery rhymes.孩子們最早學(xué)習(xí)的英文詩(shī)是童謠。These rhymes like the one on the right(A)are still a common type of children's poetry.像右邊的這首童謠（A）至今仍然是常見(jiàn)的。The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition.童謠的語(yǔ)言具體但富有想象力，這使得小孩子們快樂(lè)，因?yàn)樗鼈冄喉崳?jié)奏感強(qiáng)，并較多重復(fù)。The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite.童謠不一定有什么意義，甚至有的看來(lái)自相矛盾，但是它們?nèi)菀讓W(xué)，也容易背誦。By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.通過(guò)童謠中的文字游戲，孩子們學(xué)習(xí)了語(yǔ)言。（A）

Hush, little baby, don't say a word,小寶寶，別說(shuō)話，Papa's going to buy you a mockingbird.爸爸給你買(mǎi)個(gè)小嘲鳥(niǎo)。If that mockingbird won't sing,小嘲鳥(niǎo)，不會(huì)唱，Papa's going to buy you a diamond ring.爸爸給你買(mǎi)個(gè)鉆石戒。If that diamond ring turns to brass,鉆石戒，變成銅，Papa's going to buy you a looking-glass.爸爸給你買(mǎi)個(gè)小鏡子。If that looking-glass gets broke,小鏡子，打破了，Papa's going to buy you a billy-goat.爸爸給你買(mǎi)個(gè)小山羊。If that billy-goat runs away,小山羊，跑掉了。

Papa's going to buy you another today.爸爸今天再去給你買(mǎi)一只。

One of the simplest kinds of poems are those like B and C that list things.像（B）和（C）這樣的列舉事物的清單詩(shī)是詩(shī)歌中最簡(jiǎn)單的一種。List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.清單詩(shī)可長(zhǎng)可短，可以重復(fù)一些短語(yǔ)，較為靈活。形成固定句型和詩(shī)的節(jié)奏。Some rhyme(like B)while others do not(like C).有些清單詩(shī)有韻腳（如B）,但有一些沒(méi)有（如C）。（B）

I saw a fish-pond all on fire我看到魚(yú)塘在燃燒 I saw a fish-pond all on fire,我看到魚(yú)塘在燃燒，I saw a house bow to a squire,我看到房子向地主哈腰，I saw a person twelve-feet high,我看到人高一丈八，I saw a cottage in the sky,我看到茅屋在天郊。I saw a balloon made of lead,我看到氣球用鉛做，I saw a coffin drop down dead,我看到棺材把死人拋。I saw two sparrows run a race,我看到兩只麻雀在賽跑，I saw two horses making lace,我看到兩匹馬兒繡花包。I saw a girl just like a cat,我看到姑娘像只貓，I saw a kitten wear a hat,我看到小貓帶花帽。I saw a man who saw these too,我看到有人在一旁瞄，And said though strange they all were true.雖奇怪，但也把實(shí)情報(bào)。（C）

Our first football match我們的第一場(chǎng)球賽 We would have won...我們本來(lái)會(huì)得冠軍…… if Jack had scored that goal,如果杰克踢進(jìn)了那個(gè)球，if we'd had just a few more minutes,如果我們還有幾分鐘，if we had trained harder,如果我們訓(xùn)練的更嚴(yán)格，if Ben had passed the ball to Joe,如果本把球傳給了喬，if we'd had thousands of fans screaming,如果有大批球迷助威，if I hadn't taken my eye off the ball,如果我死死盯住球，if we hadn't stayed up so late the night before,如果我們頭晚不熬夜，if we hadn't taken it easy,如果我們沒(méi)有放松警惕，if we hadn't run out of energy.如果我們沒(méi)有精疲力竭，We would have won...我們本來(lái)是會(huì)的冠軍的…… if we'd been better!如果我們能干的更好！

Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines.另外一種學(xué)生容易寫(xiě)的簡(jiǎn)體詩(shī)是由五行組成的，叫做五行詩(shī)。With these, students can convey a strong picture in just a few words.用五行詩(shī)，學(xué)生可以用少量的詞語(yǔ)傳遞一幅動(dòng)人的畫(huà)面。Look at the examples(D and E)on the top of the next page.請(qǐng)看下一頁(yè)上端的D和E兩個(gè)例子。（D）Brother兄弟

Beautiful, athletic愛(ài)美，又愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng)

Teasing, shouting, laughing愛(ài)鬧，愛(ài)叫，又愛(ài)笑 Friend and enemy too是我的朋友 Mine也是我的敵人（E）Summer夏天

Sleepy, salty困乏，咸澀

Drying, drooping, dreading干涸，枯萎，恐怖 Week in, week out周而復(fù)始 Endless永無(wú)止境

Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables.俳句詩(shī)（Haiku）是一種日本詩(shī)，由17個(gè)音節(jié)組成。It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers.它不屬于英詩(shī)的傳統(tǒng)形式，但是在用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的人們中間，這種詩(shī)也是很流行的。It is easy to write and, like the cinquain , can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using the minimum of words.它容易寫(xiě)，而且像五行詩(shī)一樣，它可以用最少的詞語(yǔ)呈現(xiàn)出一幅清晰的畫(huà)面，表達(dá)出一種特殊的感情。The two haiku poems(F and G)above are translations from the Japanese.下面兩首俳句詩(shī)（右邊的F和G）就是從日文翻譯過(guò)來(lái)的。（F）

A fallen blossom落下的花朵

Is coming back to the branch.回到了樹(shù)枝上。Look, a butterfly!瞧啊，是只蝴蝶！(by Moritake)（作者：Moritake）（G）

Snow having melted,雪兒融化了，The whole village is brimful整個(gè)村莊充滿(mǎn)著 Of happy children.歡樂(lè)的兒童。(by Issa)（作者：Issa）

Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetryall of which will make life for human beings better." 漢布利實(shí)際上是這樣說(shuō)的： “二氧化碳含量的增加實(shí)際上是件好事，它使植物成長(zhǎng)更快，莊稼產(chǎn)量更高，還會(huì)促進(jìn)動(dòng)物的生長(zhǎng)——所有這些都能改善人類(lèi)的生活。”

Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere.溫室氣體繼續(xù)在大氣層中聚集。Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我們開(kāi)始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量，在（未來(lái)）幾十年或幾個(gè)世紀(jì)內(nèi)，氣候仍會(huì)持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)暖。No one knows the effects of global warming.沒(méi)有人知道全球變暖帶來(lái)什么樣的影響。Does that mean we should do nothing? 這是不是意味著我們就不必采取任何措施呢？Or, are the risks too great? 還是說(shuō)，這樣不采取任何措施危險(xiǎn)性會(huì)很大呢？

8.選修六Unit4 WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING? 關(guān)于全球變暖，我們能干些什么呢？ Dear Earth Care, 親愛(ài)的“關(guān)愛(ài)地球”組織：

I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.我正代表學(xué)校做一項(xiàng)關(guān)于全球變暖的課題研究。Sometimes I feel that individuals can have little effect on such huge environmental problems.有時(shí)候我覺(jué)得，像這樣一個(gè)巨大的環(huán)境問(wèn)題，個(gè)人是起不了什么作用的。However, I still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today.然而我仍然認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該支持改善日常能源的消耗方式。As I'm not sure where to start with my project, 由于我還不清楚我該從哪里著手開(kāi)始我的研究。I would appreciate any suggestions you may have.我希望能得到你們的建議。Thank you!謝謝！Ouyang Guang歐陽(yáng)光

Dear Ouyang Guang, 親愛(ài)的歐陽(yáng)光：

There are many people who have a commitment like yours, but they do not believe they have the power to do anything to improve our environment.有許多人承擔(dān)你這樣的義務(wù)，而他們不相信自己有能力來(lái)影響環(huán)境。That is not true.這種想法是不正確的。Together, individuals can make a difference.眾人拾柴火焰高。We do not have to put up with pollution.我們不必去忍受污染。

The growth of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide in the air actually comes as a result of many things we do every day.空氣中的溫室氣體，二氧化碳的增長(zhǎng)的確是來(lái)自我們?cè)S多的日常活動(dòng)。Here are a few suggestions on how to reduce it.這兒有幾條關(guān)于減少空氣中二氧化碳含量的建議。They should get you started with your project.這些建議應(yīng)當(dāng)能夠促進(jìn)你的研究。1 We use a lot of energy in our houses.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using itthis includes cars as well as smaller things like fridges and microwaves.4.勸你的父母去買(mǎi)那些節(jié)約能源的產(chǎn)品，包括汽車(chē)和像冰箱、微波爐之類(lèi)的小件物品。5 Plant trees in your garden or your school yard, as they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh your spirit when you look at them.5.在你的花園或校園里栽種樹(shù)木，它們能吸收空氣中的二氧化碳，還能在你觀賞的時(shí)候使你感覺(jué)清爽。Finally and most importantly, be an educator.Talk with your family and friends about global warming and tell them what you have learned.6.最后，也是最重要的是，做一個(gè)教育者。同你的家人和朋友談一談全球變暖的問(wèn)題，并把你學(xué)到的東西告訴他們。Rememberthe volcano.然而，最重要的是，通過(guò)我的工作能保護(hù)普通百姓免遭火山的威脅——這是世界上最大的自然威力之一。

I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory(HVO)twenty years ago.作為一名火山學(xué)家，我被派到夏威夷火山觀測(cè)站（HVO）工作。My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii.我的任務(wù)是收集有關(guān)基拉韋厄火山的數(shù)據(jù)資料，這是夏威夷最活躍的火山之一。Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.收集和評(píng)估了這些信息之后，我就幫助其他科學(xué)家一起預(yù)測(cè)下次火山熔巖將往何處流去，流速多少。Our work has saved many lives because people in the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses.我們的工作拯救了許多人的生命，因?yàn)槿蹘r要流經(jīng)之地，老百姓都可以得到離開(kāi)家園的通知。Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.遺憾的是，我們不可能把他們的家搬離巖漿流過(guò)的地方，因此，許多房屋被熔巖淹沒(méi)，或者焚燒殆盡。

When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine.當(dāng)滾燙的巖石從火山噴發(fā)出來(lái)并撞回地面時(shí)，它所造成的損失比想象的要小些，This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall.這是因?yàn)樵趲r石下落的基拉韋厄火山頂附近無(wú)人居住。The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock.而順著山坡下流的火山熔巖所造成的損失卻大得多，這是因?yàn)榛鹕綆r漿所流經(jīng)的地方，一切東西都被掩埋在熔巖下面了。However, the eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one.然而火山噴發(fā)本身的確是很壯觀的，我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我第一次看見(jiàn)火山噴發(fā)時(shí)的情景。It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii.那是在我抵達(dá)夏威夷后的第二個(gè)星期。Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.那天我辛辛苦苦等干了一整天，很早就上床睡覺(jué)了。I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window.我在熟睡中突然感到床鋪在搖晃，接著我聽(tīng)到一陣奇怪的聲音，就好像有列火車(chē)在我的窗外行駛一樣。Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn't take much notice.因?yàn)槲以谙耐脑?jīng)經(jīng)歷過(guò)多次地震，所以對(duì)這種聲音我并不在意。I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我剛要再睡，突然我的臥室亮如白晝。I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance.我趕緊跑出房間，來(lái)到后花園，在那兒我能遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地看見(jiàn)基拉韋厄火山。There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air.在山的一邊有火山噴發(fā)，紅色發(fā)燙的巖漿像噴泉一樣，朝天上噴射達(dá)幾百米高。It was an absolutely fantastic sight.真是絕妙的奇景！

The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it.就在這次火山噴發(fā)的第二天，我有幸做了一次近距離的觀察。Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater that had been formed during the eruption.我和另外兩位科學(xué)家驅(qū)車(chē)上山，到最靠近這次火山噴口的地方才下車(chē)。Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer.早先從觀測(cè)站出發(fā)時(shí)就帶了一些特別的安全服，于是我們穿上安全服再走近火山口。All three of us looked like spacemen.我們?nèi)齻€(gè)人看上去就像宇航員一樣，We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves.我們都穿著白色的防護(hù)服遮住全身，戴上了頭盔和特別的手套，還穿了一雙大靴子。It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.穿著這些衣服走起路來(lái)實(shí)在不容易，但是我們還是緩緩?fù)鹕娇诘倪吘壸呷ィ⑶蚁蛳驴吹搅思t紅的沸騰的中央。The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.另外兩人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。

Today, I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started.如今，我和當(dāng)初從事這項(xiàng)工作時(shí)一樣滿(mǎn)懷熱情。Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.雖然我從事火山研究很多年了，但是我對(duì)火山的壯麗景色以及它那潛在的巨大破壞力至今仍然感到驚愕不已。

10.選修六Unit5 THE LRKE OF HERVEN天上的湖（天池）

Changbaishan is in Jilin Province, Northeast China.Much of this beautiful, mountainous area is thick forest.長(zhǎng)白山在東北的吉林省，這個(gè)美麗的山區(qū)大部分是茂密的林區(qū)。Changbaishan is China's largest nature reserve and it is kept in its natural state for the people of China and visitors from all over the world to enjoy.長(zhǎng)白山是中國(guó)最大的自然保護(hù)區(qū)，保持著它的原始狀態(tài)，以供中國(guó)人民和世界各地的游客欣賞。The height of the land varies from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.這里地面的高度從海拔700米到2000多米不等，是多種多樣動(dòng)物植物的生長(zhǎng)地。Among the rare animals are cranes, black bears, leopards and tigers.珍稀動(dòng)物有白鶴、黑熊、豹子和虎。Many people come to Changbaishan to study its unique plants and animals.許多人到長(zhǎng)白山來(lái)研究珍奇的動(dòng)植物。Others come to walk in the mountains, to see the spectacular waterfalls or to bathe in the hot water pools.另外一些人則是到山里來(lái)走一走，看看那些蔚為壯觀的瀑布，或者在溫水池里泡個(gè)澡。However, the attraction that arouses the greatest appreciation in the reserve is Tianchi or the Lake of Heaven.然而保護(hù)區(qū)里最令人欣賞的地方則是天池，或者說(shuō)是天上的湖。

Tianchi is a deep lake that has formed in the crater of a dead volcano on top of the mountain.天池是一個(gè)深水湖，是由山頂?shù)囊粋€(gè)死火山的火山口形成的。The lake is 2,194 metres above sea level, and more than 200 metres deep.In winter the surface freezes over.海拔高度為2194米，水的深度超過(guò)200米，到冬天湖面就全部結(jié)冰了。It takes about an hour to climb from the end of the road to the top of the mountain.從路的盡頭到山頂約需一個(gè)小時(shí)。When you arrive you are rewarded not only with the sight of its clear waters, but also by the view of the other sixteen mountain peaks that surround Tianchi.你一到達(dá)山頂就會(huì)得到回報(bào)——你不僅可以看到天池那清澈如鏡的湖水，而且還可以看到四周的16座山峰。

There are many stories told about Tianchi.The most well-known concerns three young women from heaven.天池有著許多傳說(shuō)故事，其中最著名的是關(guān)于從天上下凡的三位少女的故事。They were bathing in Tainchi when a bird flew above them and dropped a small fruit onto the dress of the youngest girl.她們?cè)谔斐叵丛钑r(shí)，突然有一只鳥(niǎo)飛到她們的上方，把一個(gè)小小的水果扔在最年輕的姑娘的衣服上。When she picked up the fruit to smell it, it flew into her mouth.當(dāng)她拿起來(lái)聞的時(shí)候，它飛進(jìn)了她的嘴里。Having swallowed the fruit, the girl became pregnant and later gave birth to a handsome boy.姑娘吞食了這個(gè)果子，后來(lái)就懷孕了。過(guò)了一段時(shí)間，她生下了一個(gè)漂亮的男孩。It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.據(jù)說(shuō)這個(gè)男孩就是滿(mǎn)族人的祖先，具有語(yǔ)言天賦和很強(qiáng)的說(shuō)服力。

If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one, don't forget to drop a coin into the clear blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.如果你有幸同你所愛(ài)的人去游天池，別忘了投一枚硬幣到清澈碧藍(lán)的水中，以確保你們的愛(ài)情像湖水一樣深厚、持久。

第三篇：高中英語(yǔ)選修八課文及翻譯

選修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Reading

CALIFORNIA California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.Unit1 加利福尼亞

Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly.Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans.However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more

Native Americans living in California than in any other state.美洲土著人

THE SPANISH In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain.Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land.Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain.California then became part of Mexico.In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA.However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state.That is why today over 40 of

Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.西班牙人

在18世紀(jì)的時(shí)候，加利福尼亞是由西班牙統(tǒng)治的西班牙士兵最早是在1 6世紀(jì)初期來(lái)到南美洲的，他們同土著人打仗，并奪去了他們的土地3兩個(gè)世紀(jì)以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地區(qū)定居下來(lái)，而且還在我們現(xiàn)在稱(chēng)之為美國(guó)的西北沿海地區(qū)住下來(lái)c在首批移

居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責(zé)是向原住民傳授天主教。1821年，墨西哥人從西班牙獲得了獨(dú)立-加利福尼亞于是成了墨西哥的一部分。1846年美國(guó)向墨西哥宣戰(zhàn)，美國(guó)贏得戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亞割讓給美國(guó)。但是，這個(gè)州至今仍然保留著很強(qiáng)的西班牙的影響。這就是為什么今天還有40%的加利福尼亞人仍然把西班牙語(yǔ)作為第一或第二語(yǔ)言的緣故。

RUSSIANS In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California.Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.俄羅斯人

19世紀(jì)初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄羅斯獵人開(kāi)始在加利福尼亞定居下來(lái)。今天，住在圣弗朗西斯科（舊金山）及其周邊地區(qū)的美籍俄羅斯人約有25,000人。GOLD MINERS In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in

California.The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world.The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States.Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed.In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich.Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.They settled in the new towns or on farms.By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.淘金礦工

LATER A RRIVALS Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large

percentage have chosen to stay in the “Chinatowns” of Los Angeles and San Francisco.Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century.In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture.By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California.The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people.Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there.People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico.However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries.后來(lái)的移民

19世紀(jì)后期，其他國(guó)家的移民，比如意大利人來(lái)到了加利福尼亞，他們主要是漁民，也有制酒工人。1911年，丹麥的移民建立了自己的城鎮(zhèn)，至今仍然保留著丹麥文化。20世紀(jì)20年代，電影業(yè)在加州的

好萊塢建立了起來(lái)。這個(gè)行業(yè)吸引了大量的歐洲人，包括許多猶太人。今天，加利福尼亞的猶太人口在美國(guó)占第二位。

MOST RECENT ARRIVALS In more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians.Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California.最近期的移民

THE FUTURE People from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.未來(lái)展望

GEORGE’S DIARY 12TH—14TH JUNE Monday 12th, June Arrived early this morning by bus.Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave.Then went exploring.First thing was a ride on a cable car.From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city.Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams.Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it.Had a late lunch at Fisherman's What.This is the district where Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry.Now it's a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries.It's also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay.Did so much exploring at Fisherman's What.Am exhausted and don't feel like doing anything else.Early bed tonight!

Tuesday 13th, June

Teamed up with a couple from my hotel(Peter and Terri)and hired a car.Spent all day driving around the city.There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists.It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go.It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.Stopped many times to admire the view of the city from different angles and take photographs.Now have a really good idea of what the city's like.In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri.Chinese immigrants settled in this area in the 1850s.The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like old buildings in southern China.Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants.Also art galleries and a museum containing documents, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese immigration, but it is closed in the evening.Will go back during the day.Had a delicious meal and then walked down the hill to our hotel.Wednesday 14th, June

In morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay.On the way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge.From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.The cells in the station

were very small, cold and damp;some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go.Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them.They wrote poems on the walls about their loneliness and mourned their former life in China.In 1940 the civil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA.Made me very thoughtful and thankful for my life today.選修8 Unit 2 Cloning-Reading CLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US? Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.Unit2 克隆：它將把我們引向何方？

Cloning has two major uses.Firstly, gardeners use it all the

time to produce commercial quantities of plants.Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.It is a difficult task to undertake.Many attempts to clone mammals failed.But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroughthe telephone in 1876.Bell never

set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph.This original telegraph sent a message over distances using Morse code(a series of dots tapped out along a wire in a particular order).But only one message could go at a time.Bell wanted to improve it so that it could send several messages at the same time.He designed a machine that would separate different sound waves and allow different conversations to be held at the same time.But he found the problem difficult to solve.One day as he was experimenting with one end of a straw joined to a deaf man's ear drum and the other to a piece of smoked glass, Bell noticed that when he spoke into the ear, the straw drew sound waves on the glass.Suddenly he had a flash of inspiration.If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current, they could be sent along a wire.In searching to improve the telegraph,Bell had invented the first telephone!Bell was fully aware of the importance of his invention and wrote to his father: “The day is coming when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses just like water or gas – and friends will talk to each other without leaving home.” The patent was given in 1876, but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.The words have now become famous:

“Mr WatsonI want to see you.” Alexander Graham Bell was not a man to rest and he interested himself in many other areas of invention.He experimented with helicopter designs and flying machines.While searching for a kite strong enough to carry a man into the air, Bell experimented putting triangles together and discovered the tetrahedron shape.Being very stable, it has proved invaluable in the design of bridges.Bell was an inventor all his life.He made his first invention at eleven and his last at seventy-five.Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life.選修8 Unit 4 Pygmalion-Reading

PYGMALION MAIN CHARACTERS: Eliza Doolittle(E): a poor flower girl who is ambitious to improve herself Professor Higgins(H): an expert in phonetics, convinced that the quality of a person's English decides his/her position in society Colonel Pickering(CP): an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins' who sets him a task

Unit4 皮格馬利翁

主要人物：

伊菜扎·杜利特爾（伊）：窮苦的賣(mài)花姑娘，立志要改善自己的生活希金斯教授（希）：語(yǔ)音學(xué)專(zhuān)家，堅(jiān)信一個(gè)人的英語(yǔ)水平?jīng)Q定這個(gè)人的社會(huì)地位皮克林上校（皮）：陸軍軍官，后來(lái)成了希金斯教授的朋友，并給他安排了一項(xiàng)任務(wù)

Act One FATEFUL MEETINGS 11 :15 pm in London, England in 1914 outside a theatre.It is pouring with rain and cab whistles are blowing in all directions.A man is hiding from the rain listening to people's language and watching their reactions.While watching, he makes notes.Nearby a flower girl wearing dark garments and a woollen scarf is also sheltering from the rain.A gentleman(G)passes and hesitates for a moment.E: Come over’ere, cap’in, and buy me flowers off a poor girl.G: I'm sorry but I haven't any change.E: I can giv’ou change, cap’in.G:(surprised)For a pound? I'm afraid I've got nothing less.E:(hopefully)Oah!Oh, do buy a flower off me, Captain.Take this for three pence.(holds up some dead flowers)G:(uncomfortably)Now don't be troublesome, there's a good girl.(looks in his wallet and sounds more friendly)But, wait, here's some small change.Will that be of any use to you? It's raining heavily now, isn't it?(leaves)E:(disappointed at the outcome, but thinking it is better than nothing)

Thank you, sir.(sees a man taking notes and feels worried)Hey!I ain’t done nothing wrong by speaking to that gentleman.I've a right to sell flowers, I have.I ain’t no thief.I'm an honest girl I am!(begins to cry)H:(kindly)There!There!Who's hurting you, you silly girl? What do you take me for?(gives her a handkerchief)E: I thought maybe you was a policeman in disguise.H: Do I look like a policeman? E:(still worried)Then why did 'ou take down my words for? How do I know whether 'ou took me down right? 'ou just show me what 'ou've wrote about me!H: Here you are.(hands over the paper covered in writing)E: What's that? That ain't proper writing.I can't read that.(pushes it back at him)H: I can.(reads imitating Eliza)“Come over' ere, cap'in, and buy me flowers off a poor girl.”(in his own voice)There you are and you were born in Lisson Grove if I'm not mistaken.E:(looking confused)What if I was? What's it to you? CP:(has been watching the girl and now speaks to Higgins)That's quite brilliant!How did you do that, may I ask? H: Simply phonetics studied and classified from people's own speech.That's my profession and also my hobby.You can place a man by

just a few remarks.I can place any spoken conversation within six miles, and even within two streets in London sometimes.CP: Let me congratulate you!But is there an income to be made in that? H: Yes, indeed.Quite a good one.This is the age of the newly rich.People begin their working life in a poor neighbourhood of London with 80 pounds a year and end in a rich one with 100 thousand.But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths.Now once taught by me, she'd become an upper class lady...CP: Is that so? Extraordinary!H:(rudely)Look at this girl with her terrible English: the English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days.But, sir,(proudly)once educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador's garden party.Perhaps I could even find her a place as a lady's maid or a shop assistant, which requires better English.E: What's that you say? A shop assistant? Now that's sommat I want, that is!H:(ignores her)Can you believe that? CP: Of course!I study many Indian dialects myself and...H: Do you indeed? Do you know Colonel Pickering? CP: Indeed I do, for that is me.Who are you?

H: I'm Henry Higgins and I was going to India to meet you.CP: And I came to England to make your acquaintance!E: What about me? How'll you help me? H: Oh, take that.(carelessly throws a handful of money into her basket)We must have a celebration, my dear man.(leave together)E:(looking at the collected money in amazement)Well, I never.A whole pound!A fortune!That'll help me, indeed it will.Tomorrow I'll find you, Henry Higgins.Just you wait and see!All that talk of(imitates him)“authentic English”...(in her own voice)I'll see whether you can get that for me...(goes out)第一幕

決定性的會(huì)面

伊：長(zhǎng)官，過(guò)這邊來(lái)呀，買(mǎi)我這個(gè)苦命的孩子一束花吧！先：對(duì)不起，我沒(méi)有零錢(qián)，伊：長(zhǎng)官，我可以給你找零錢(qián)呀。

先：（驚奇地）一個(gè)英鎊你找得開(kāi)嗎？沒(méi)有再小的錢(qián)了。

伊：（帶有希望的神色）啊！好啦，從我這買(mǎi)一束吧。拿這一束，只要三個(gè)便士o（舉起一些已經(jīng)枯萎的花）

希：（友善地）好啦，好啦！誰(shuí)傷害你了，傻姑娘？你把我當(dāng)成什么人了？（遞給她一條手帕）

伊：我還以為你是一個(gè)便衣警察呢。希：我像警察嗎？

伊：（仍在擔(dān)心）那你為啥要把我說(shuō)的話記下來(lái)呢？我怎么知道你是不是寫(xiě)對(duì)了呢？那你把你寫(xiě)的關(guān)于我的東西給我看看。希：你看吧！（把寫(xiě)滿(mǎn)字的紙遞給她）

伊：這是什么呀？不像規(guī)規(guī)矩矩的字，我看不懂。（把紙退回給他）希：我懂。（模仿伊的聲音讀）長(zhǎng)官，過(guò)這邊來(lái)呀，買(mǎi)我這個(gè)苦命孩子一束花吧！（改用自己的聲音）好了吧，你呀，如果我沒(méi)有弄錯(cuò)的話，你出生在里森格羅佛：

伊：（困惑不解的）如果我是又怎樣呢？跟你有什么關(guān)系呢？皮：（本來(lái)是一直望著這個(gè)姑娘的，這時(shí)跟希金斯說(shuō)話了）太棒了！請(qǐng)問(wèn)你是怎么知道的呢？

希：對(duì)人的發(fā)音進(jìn)行研究、分類(lèi)，如此而已。這是我的專(zhuān)業(yè)，也是我的業(yè)余愛(ài)好。你可以根據(jù)幾句話判定是哪個(gè)地方的人。我可以根據(jù)任何談話來(lái)判定他們是哪個(gè)地方的人，差距不過(guò)六英里，有時(shí)候在倫敦甚至不超過(guò)兩個(gè)街區(qū)呢。

皮：恭喜你了！不過(guò)，你這樣做有收入嗎？

希：當(dāng)然有哆，還挺高呢。這是個(gè)致富的年代

伊：你說(shuō)啥來(lái)著？店員？這正是我想要做的，真的！希：（不理睬她）你相信我說(shuō)的話嗎？

皮：當(dāng)然相信。我自己就學(xué)了好多種印度方言，而且…… 希：真的嗎？那你認(rèn)不認(rèn)得皮克林上校呢？皮：當(dāng)然認(rèn)得，皮克林就是我。那么請(qǐng)問(wèn)您是誰(shuí)？希：我是亨利·希金斯。我還打算要去印度見(jiàn)你呢：皮：我也正是到英國(guó)來(lái)找你的！伊：我呢？你們?cè)趺磶椭夷兀?/p>

希：啊，拿去吧！（漫不經(jīng)心地朝她的籃子里扔去一把錢(qián)）好老兄，我們?cè)撁烂赖貞c祝一番了。（一道離去）

伊：（驚奇地看著收集起來(lái)的錢(qián)）啊，我還從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)！整整一個(gè)英鎊呢！一筆財(cái)富呀！這的確給我?guī)痛竺α耍娴摹Ｃ魈煳乙欢ㄈフ夷悖嗬は＝鹚埂５戎瓢桑∧隳强冢７滤穆曇簦罢嬲挠⒄Z(yǔ)”……（用自己的聲音）我倒要看看你能不能幫我找到……（離去）

Act Two, Scene 1 MAKING THE BET It is 11am in Henry Higgins' house the next day.Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in conversation.H: Do you want to hear any more sounds? CP: No, thank you.I rather fancied myself because I can pronounce twenty-four distinct vowel sounds;but your one hundred and thirty beat me.I can't distinguish most of them.H:(laughing)Well, that comes with practice.There is a knock and Mrs Pearce(MP), the housekeeper, comes in with cookies, a teapot, some cream and two cups.MP:(hesitating)A young girl is asking to see you.H: A young girl!What does she want? MP: Well, she's quite a common kind of girl with dirty nails.I thought perhaps you wanted her to talk into your machines.H: Why? Has she got an interesting accent? We'll see.Show her in, Mrs Pearce.MP:(only half resigned to it)Very well, sir.(goes downstairs)H: This is a bit of luck.I'll show you how I make records on wax disks...MP:(returning)This is the young girl, sir.(Eliza comes into the room shyly following Mrs Pearce.She is dirty and wearing a shabby dress.She curtsies to the two men.)H:(disappointed)Why!I've got this girl in my records.She's the one we saw the other day.She's no use at all.Take her away.CP:(gently to Eliza)What do you-want, young lady? E:(upset)I wanna be a lady in a flower shop 'stead o' selling flowers in the street.But they won't take me 'less I speak better.So here I am, ready to pay him.I'm not asking for any favourswhy, it's the best offer I've had!(to Eliza)But if I teach you, I'll be worse than a father.CP: I say, Higgins.Do you remember what you said last night? I'll

say you're the greatest teacher alive if you can pass her off as a lady.I'll be the referee for this little bet and pay for the lessons too...E:(gratefully)Oh, yer real good, yer are.Thank you, Colonel.H: Oh, she is so deliciously low.(compromises)OK, I'll teach you.(to Mrs Pearce)But she'll need to be cleaned first.Take her away, Mrs Pearce.Wash her and burn her horrible clothes.We'll buy her new ones.What's your name, girl? E: I'm Eliza Doolittle and I'm clean.My clothes went to the laundry when I washed last week.MP: Well, Mr Higgins has a bathtub of his own and he has a bath every morning.If these two gentlemen teach you, you'll have to do the same.They won't like the smell of you otherwise.E:(sobbing)I can't.I dursn't.It ain't natural and it'd kill me.I've never had a bath in my life;not over my whole body, neither below my waist nor taking my vest off.I'd never have come if I'd known about this disgusting thing you want me to do...H: Once more, take her away, Mrs Pearce, immediately.(Outside Eliza is still weeping with Mrs Pearce)You see the problem, Pickering.It'll be how to teach her grammar, not just pronunciation.She's in need of both.CP: And there's another problem, Higgins.What are we going to do once the experiment is over?

H:(heartily)Throw her back.CP: But you cannot overlook that!She'll be changed and she has feelings too.We must be practical, mustn't we? H: Well, we'll deal with that later.First, we must plan the best way to teach her.CP: How about beginning with the alphabet.That's usually considered very effective...(fades out as they go offstage together)

選修8 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors-Reading A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAIN CAVES A group of students(S)from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit.An archaeologist(A)is showing them round.A: Welcome to the Zhoukoudian caves here in China.It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology.You must be aware that it's here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.We've been excavating here for many years and...S1: I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? There are only rocks and trees.A: Good question.You are an acute observer.We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as

tools and other objects.So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.S2: How did they keep warm? They couldn't have mats, blankets or quilts like we do.It must have been very uncomfortable.A: We've discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they made fires.That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.We haven't found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold during the freezing winter.S3: What wild animals were there all that time ago? A: Well, we've been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and we think these were their most dangerous enemies.Now what do you think this tells us about the life of these early people?(shows picture of a sewing needle)S2.: Gosh!That's a needle.Goodness, does that mean they repaired things? A: What else do you think it might have been used for? S4: Let me look at it.It's at most three centimetres long.Ah yes, it seems to be made of bone.I wonder how they made the hole for the...S2:(interrupting)Do you mean that they made their own clothes? Where did they get the material? A: They didn't have material like we have today.Can you guess what they used? Sl: Wow!Did they wear clothes made entirely of animal skins? How did they prepare them? I'm sure they were quite heavy to cut and sew together.A: Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins.We continue discovering tools that were sharpeners for other tools.It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.Then smaller scrapers were probably used to remove the fat and meat from the skin.After that they would rub an ample amount of salt onto the skin to make it soft.Finally, they would cut it and sew the pieces together.Quite a difficult and messy task!Now look at this.(shows a necklace)S2:Why, it's a primitive necklace.Did early people really care about their appearance like we do? It's lovely!A:Yes, and so well preserved.What do you think it's made of?.S4:Let me see.Oh, I think some of the beads are made of animal bones but others are made of shells.A:How clever you are!One bone is actually an animal tooth and the shells are from the seaside.Can you identify any other bones?

S1:This one looks very much like a fish bone.Is that reasonable? A:Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.Probably there were fish in it.S3:But a lake is not the sea.We are miles from the sea, so how did the seashells get here? A:Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on their journeys.We know that they moved around, following the herds of animals.They didn't grow their own crops, but picked fruit when it ripened and hunted animals.That's why they are called hunters and gatherers.Now, why don't we go and visit the caves?

Unit5 周口店洞穴參觀記

一群英國(guó)學(xué)生（學(xué)）來(lái)到周口店洞穴參觀。有一位考古學(xué)家（考）正領(lǐng)著他們參觀。

考：歡迎到中國(guó)來(lái)參觀周口店洞穴。很高興見(jiàn)到你們這些從英國(guó)來(lái)的對(duì)考古學(xué)感興趣的學(xué)生。你們想必都很清楚，正是在這個(gè)地方，我們找到了世界上居住在這個(gè)地方最早人類(lèi)的證據(jù)。我們?cè)谶@兒進(jìn)行的挖掘工作已經(jīng)很多年了，而且…… 學(xué)1：

學(xué)2：那他們是怎樣取暖的呢？他們不可能像我們現(xiàn)在這樣有墊子、毯子和被子。想必是很不舒服的了。

考：我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在洞穴中央有生火用的地爐。他們用地爐里的火來(lái)取暖、做飯，還可以用火來(lái)嚇跑野獸。我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰，幾乎有六米厚，這意味著他們可能整個(gè)冬天都在燒火。我們還沒(méi)有找到門(mén)，但我們認(rèn)為在天寒地凍的冬季他們可能是用獸皮掛在洞口來(lái)防寒的。學(xué)3：在那以前有些什么野獸嗎？考：嗯，我們?cè)诙蠢锇l(fā)現(xiàn)了老虎和熊的骨頭。我們認(rèn)為這些野獸對(duì)他們來(lái)講是最危險(xiǎn)的敵人了。現(xiàn)在，你們看這個(gè)東西能告訴我們有關(guān)早期人類(lèi)生活的什么情況呢？（指著一張有針線的照片讓大家看）

學(xué)2：哎呀，那是一根針！天哪，難道他們還會(huì)修補(bǔ)東西嗎？考：除此之外，你認(rèn)為還可能派別的什么用場(chǎng)嗎？

學(xué)4：讓我看看。這個(gè)東西最多三厘米長(zhǎng)，看起來(lái)像是用骨頭做的。我不知道他們是怎樣做成針眼的……

學(xué)2：（插話）你是不是說(shuō)他們自己做衣服穿？他們又是從哪里得到衣料的呢？

考：他們沒(méi)有像我們今天穿的這種衣料。你能猜出他們用的是什么嗎？學(xué)1：哇，他們穿的衣服全都是用獸皮做的嗎？他們那些衣服是怎樣做

成的？我確信它們裁剪并縫起來(lái)又厚又重。

學(xué)3：不過(guò)，湖并不是海呀，我們離海還遠(yuǎn)著呢¨眷客，更殼又是怎么來(lái)的呢？

考：早期人類(lèi)之間也許有貿(mào)易來(lái)往，或者他們也可能旅行到海邊去。我們知道，他們跟著獸群四處走。他們并不種植谷物，而是在野果熟了的時(shí)候采摘它們并捕殺野獸來(lái)充饑。這就是他們被稱(chēng)之為獵人和采摘者的緣故。現(xiàn)在，咱們?nèi)⒂^洞穴好嗎？ THE FEAST: 18,000 BC Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit.It was the custom of family groups to separate and then gather again at different sites for reunions as they followed the animal herds across

the grasslands.A wrinkle appeared on her forehead.If only it could be just like last year!At that time she had been so happy when Dahu chose her as the future mother of his children.He was the best toolmaker in the group and it was a great honour for her to be chosen.She remembered the blood pulsing through her veins.She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice.If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!Then she wouldn't have been feeling so worried now.Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her.She had no man with his spear to protect her.She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.So the men had brought home the meat for the feast!The smell of cooking meat filled the air surrounding her, and her senses became dizzy with hunger.She could see her mother and the older children preparing the deer and pig meat over the fire.Her aunts were making clothes with animal skins.Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.Lala smiled with relief.It was good to have her family around her.Just then a tall man came up behind her.He had a large, square face, with strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones.Over his

shoulder he carried several fish and some pieces of wood under his arm.Lala smiled and handed some stone scrapers over to Dahu, who smiled and went outside the cave to begin his task.First he looked carefully at the scrapers and then went to a corner of the cave and pulled out some more tools.They were in a pile with other sharp arrowheads and stone axe-heads.He chose one large stone and began to use it like a hammer striking the edge of the scraper that needed sharpening.Now and then Dahu would stop, look at it and try it against his hand before continuing his task.He stopped when he felt the scrapers were sharp enough to cut up the meat and scrape the fish.As he passed them to Lala, the first of the guests from the neighbouring caves began to arrive for dinner.Lala's spirits rose.Yes, it was going to be just as wonderful as last year!She smiled to herself gaily and went out of the cave to welcome her friends and neighbours.

第四篇：高中英語(yǔ)選修7課文翻譯

第一單元籃球

邁克爾喬丹——籃壇超人

20世紀(jì)90年代，邁克爾喬丹可能是獅山最著名的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，他是NBA的頂尖邱yuan1984nean到1993年間效力于芝加哥公牛隊(duì)，他曾5次榮膺最有價(jià)值的球員的稱(chēng)號(hào)。身著著名的23號(hào)球衣，邁克爾喬丹成為籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)史上最成功的球員。

喬丹出生于紐約，在北卡羅來(lái)納州長(zhǎng)打在加入芝加哥公牛隊(duì)之前，他在北卡羅來(lái)納大學(xué)習(xí)了一年。在第一賽季（1984-1985），他就以平均每場(chǎng)28.2分的成績(jī)成為聯(lián)盟得分最高的球員之一。

1987年，喬丹成為在一個(gè)笑傲江湖重點(diǎn)額分超過(guò)3000分的第二個(gè)球員。以后連續(xù)七個(gè)賽季（1987-1993），他都是NBA的得分王。這期間，他每場(chǎng)比賽的平均分都超過(guò)30分。有了他的參與，公牛隊(duì)在1991年首次獲得NBA總冠軍。在這段日子里，捷報(bào)頻傳，他們?cè)?992年和1993年偶蟬聯(lián)了總冠軍。馳奧迪也是人稱(chēng)“夢(mèng)之隊(duì)”的美國(guó)奧林匹克籃球隊(duì)的成員。這支球隊(duì)在1992年西班牙巴塞羅那奧運(yùn)會(huì)上奪去了金牌。

1993-1994賽季前喬丹退役，舉世震驚。但后來(lái)他有回到了芝加哥公牛隊(duì)，并和隊(duì)友們一起在1996年到1998年間有獲得了三次冠軍。2003年40歲的馳奧迪在最終退出體壇前，還曾效力于華盛頓奇才隊(duì)。數(shù)百萬(wàn)的球迷們都很欽佩喬丹的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能，動(dòng)力和信心。他們可以講述很多管用邁克爾喬丹的傳奇故事，例如一次他在比賽的關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻拯救了公牛隊(duì)，從而避免達(dá)成平局。他走向罰球線發(fā)了兩次球，每次他都把球直接投進(jìn)了籃球——每次都是閉著眼睛投進(jìn)去的。

離開(kāi)籃壇，邁克爾喬丹開(kāi)了一家自己的牛排館，因?yàn)樗軔?ài)吃牛排。在和著名卡通人物賓尼兔一起演出的影片《空中大灌籃》中，他也獲得了成功！

對(duì)于這位世界上最優(yōu)秀的球員，只有一個(gè)詞能用來(lái)形容他——令人敬佩。

高蹺威爾特——神力之巔

邁克爾喬丹是一個(gè)賽季中得分超過(guò)３０００分的第二人，第一人是威爾特張伯倫。張伯倫于１９３６年８月２１日出生于費(fèi)城。他是家里１１個(gè)孩子中唯一一個(gè)長(zhǎng)得很高的。父親威廉在造船廠干活，母親奧利維亞是一名清潔工。孩童時(shí)的張伯倫有各種各樣的健康問(wèn)題。他１０歲時(shí)得過(guò)肺炎，差點(diǎn)兒死去。

張伯倫是整個(gè)賽季中平均每場(chǎng)得分超過(guò)５０分的唯一一個(gè)ＮＢＡ球員。曾幾何時(shí)，張伯倫比起他所有運(yùn)動(dòng)員都優(yōu)秀得多，以至于他們改變了比賽規(guī)則來(lái)試圖限制他！

１９５９－１９６０賽季間，這位籃壇巨人加盟NBA費(fèi)城勇士隊(duì)并立即獲得成公在為四支不同球隊(duì)效力的14個(gè)賽季期間，張伯倫四次被評(píng)聯(lián)盟最有價(jià)值的球員。1962年3月2日，他單場(chǎng)比賽得了100分——迄今為止還沒(méi)有人打破那一記錄！最后的比分是勇士169對(duì)紐約尼克斯147！

在加盟洛杉磯湖人隊(duì)度過(guò)五個(gè)美好的賽季后，威爾特結(jié)束了他職業(yè)生涯。一直到退役，威爾特還保持著多項(xiàng)NBA記錄：118次單場(chǎng)比賽得50分或50分以上，32次得60分或60分以上。

威爾特張伯倫比邁克爾喬丹還要優(yōu)秀嗎？誰(shuí)知道呢？但是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，他無(wú)愧于“一代杰出球員”這一稱(chēng)號(hào)。

學(xué)校籃球令人眩暈的高度

籃球是在安全的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)之一。不想摔跤和拳擊，通常它是沒(méi)有危險(xiǎn)的。原因之一是球員的力量部分是向上的，與地面形成90度的角，而且在其他人的頭上方。所以?xún)蓚€(gè)球員之間碰撞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是很小的。

在其他的運(yùn)動(dòng)中，比如棒球和美式足球，球員的力量運(yùn)行方向與地面是平行的，并且朝著他們的對(duì)手，所以他們帶著頭盔來(lái)給他們的頭部以充分的保護(hù)。

第五篇：高中英語(yǔ)選修8課文逐句翻譯(人教版)

1.選修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亞

California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.加州是美國(guó)第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.加州與眾不同之處在于它也是美國(guó)最具多元文化的一個(gè)州。它吸引了來(lái)自世界各地的人們。The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.這些移民的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣以及語(yǔ)言在他們的新家都得以延續(xù)。This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.當(dāng)你了解了加利福尼亞的歷史，你就不會(huì)對(duì)其文化的多樣性感到驚奇了。NATIVE AMERCANS美洲土著人

Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.最早一批人具體是什么時(shí)候來(lái)到我們現(xiàn)在了解的加利福尼亞地區(qū)的, 誰(shuí)也說(shuō)不清楚。However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，可能至少在一15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了。Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為這些遷居者通過(guò)一條史前時(shí)期曾經(jīng)存在的大陸橋穿越北極地區(qū)的白令海峽到達(dá)美洲。In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly.歐洲人在16世紀(jì)到來(lái)這里之后，土著人遭受了極大的苦難。Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.成千上萬(wàn)人被殺或被迫成為奴隸。In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans.另外, 歐洲人帶來(lái)的疾病，使許多人染病而死。However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.不過(guò)，還 1 是有一些人經(jīng)歷了這些恐怖時(shí)期而活下來(lái)了。今天住在加利福尼亞的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。

THE SPANISH西班牙人

In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain.在18世紀(jì)的時(shí)候，加利福尼亞是被西班牙統(tǒng)治的。Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land.西班牙士兵最早是在16世紀(jì)初期來(lái)到南美洲的，他們同土著人打仗，奪去了他們的土地。Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.兩個(gè)世紀(jì)以后, 西班牙人在南美洲大部分地區(qū)定居下來(lái)，而且還在我們現(xiàn)在稱(chēng)之為美國(guó)的西北沿海地區(qū)住下來(lái)。Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.在首批移居加利福尼亞州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責(zé)是向原住居民傳授天主教。In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain.1821年,墨西哥人從西班牙獲得了獨(dú)立。California then became part of Mexico.加利福尼亞于是成了墨西哥的一部分。In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA.1846年美國(guó)向墨西哥宣戰(zhàn)，美國(guó)贏得戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亞割讓給美國(guó)。However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state.但是,這個(gè)州至今仍然保留著很強(qiáng)的西班牙文化的影響。That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.這就是為什么今天還有40%的加利福尼亞人仍然把西班牙語(yǔ)作為第一或第二語(yǔ)言的緣故。RUSSIANS俄羅斯人

In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California.在19世紀(jì)初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄羅斯獵人開(kāi)始在加利福尼亞定居下來(lái)。Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.今天，住在舊金山及其周邊地區(qū)的美籍俄羅斯人大約25，000人。GOLD MINERS金礦工

In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California.1848年,美墨戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后不久,在加利福尼亞發(fā)現(xiàn)了金礦。The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world.發(fā)財(cái)夢(mèng)很快就吸引了來(lái)自世界各地的人。The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States.距離最近因而來(lái)的最早的是南美洲人和美國(guó)人，Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed.隨后跟著來(lái)的有歐洲和亞洲的探險(xiǎn)家。In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich.事實(shí)上, 很少有人圓了發(fā)財(cái)夢(mèng)。Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.They settled in the new towns or on farms.許多人死了或回家了，但是盡管條件十分艱苦，大多數(shù)人仍然留在了加利福尼亞勞作謀生，在新的城鎮(zhèn)或農(nóng)場(chǎng)里定居下來(lái)。By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.到1850年加利福尼亞成為美國(guó)第31個(gè)州的時(shí)候, 它已經(jīng)是一個(gè)有著多元文化的社會(huì)了。

LATER A RRIVALS后來(lái)的移民

Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.雖然中國(guó)移民在淘金熱期間就開(kāi)始來(lái)到（美國(guó)），3 但是更大批量的中國(guó)移民卻是在十九世紀(jì)六十年代為了修建貫穿美國(guó)東西海岸的鐵路而來(lái)的。Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the “Chinatowns” of Los Angeles and San Francisco.今天,加利福尼亞州各地都有美藉華人居住,盡管有很大比例的華人還是選擇住在洛杉磯和舊金山的―中國(guó)城‖里。Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century.十九世紀(jì)后期，其他國(guó)家的移民，比如意大利人來(lái)到加利福尼亞，他們主要是漁民，也有些釀酒工人。In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture.1911年丹麥移民建立了他們自己的城鎮(zhèn)，至今仍保留著丹麥文化。By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California.到了二十世紀(jì)二十年代，電影產(chǎn)業(yè)在加利福尼亞州的好萊塢建立了起來(lái)。The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people.這個(gè)行業(yè)吸引了許多歐洲人包括許多猶太人。Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.今天，加利福尼亞的猶太人口在美國(guó)占第二位。Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there.日本的農(nóng)民是在20世紀(jì)初期開(kāi)始到加利福尼亞來(lái)的,而從20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái)就有更多的日本人在加利福尼亞定居了。People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico.非洲人從19世紀(jì)就在加利福尼亞住下來(lái)，他們是從墨西哥向北遷來(lái)的。However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries.然而更多的非洲人在1942年到1945年之間來(lái)到加利福尼亞的，當(dāng)時(shí)他們是到船廠和飛機(jī)廠工作的。MOST RECENT ARRIVALS最近期的移民

In more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians.在最近幾十年里,加利福尼亞成了亞洲人的家,包括柬埔寨人、朝鮮人、越南人和老撾人。Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California.從20世紀(jì)70年代開(kāi)始發(fā)展計(jì)算機(jī)工業(yè)以來(lái)，加利福尼亞又吸引了印度人和巴勒斯坦人的到來(lái)。

THE FUTURE未來(lái)展望

People from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California世界各地的人，由于受氣候條件和生活方式的吸引,仍然在繼續(xù)遷入加利福尼亞。.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人們認(rèn)為, 要不了多久，多種國(guó)籍的混合將會(huì)非常之大，以至于不可能存在一種主要的種族或文化群體，而只是多種族、多文化的混合體。

2.選修八Unit 1 GEORGE’S DIARY喬治的日記 12TH—14TH JUNE

Monday 12th, June6月12日,星期一

Arrived early this morning by bus.Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave.清晨乘公共汽車(chē)抵達(dá)，直赴飯店，放下行李，洗澡、刮臉，即去觀光。Then went exploring.First thing was a ride on a cable car.From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city.先是乘纜車(chē)，在山頂攬勝，觀看舊金山灣及整個(gè)城市。Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams.纜車(chē)系 5 統(tǒng)建立于1873年，是由安德魯·哈利迪發(fā)明的，他試圖找到一種比馬拉的軌道車(chē)更好的交通方式。Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it.他曾經(jīng)看到過(guò)一次可怕的交通事故：一輛馬車(chē)剎車(chē)失靈，駕車(chē)失控，車(chē)子和馬一起從山上滑了下去，很明顯這讓他受到了極大的震驚。

Had a late lunch at Fisherman's Wharf.午餐是在漁人碼頭吃的，吃得很晚。This is the district where Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry.意大利漁民在19世紀(jì)末首先來(lái)到這個(gè)地區(qū)，并且在這兒開(kāi)始捕魚(yú)業(yè)。Now it's a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries.如今這兒是一個(gè)旅游區(qū)了，很多商店、海鮮館和面包坊。It's also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay.這兒也是乘渡船去天使島和海灣其他地方的渡口。Did so much exploring at Fisherman's Wharf.Am exhausted and don't feel like doing anything else.Early bed tonight!在漁人碼頭看了這么多東西，我太累了，什么也不想干了。今晚要早點(diǎn)睡覺(jué)!Tuesday 13th, June 6月13日星期二

Teamed up with a couple from my hotel(Peter and Terri)and hired a car.同酒店里的一對(duì)夫妻(彼得和泰莉)作伴，一起租了一輛小汽車(chē)。Spent all day driving around the city.一整天驅(qū)車(chē)游覽城市。There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists.有一種專(zhuān)門(mén)為旅游者選定的駕車(chē)游活動(dòng)。It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go.車(chē)身上有藍(lán)白兩色相間的標(biāo)記，上面有海鷗以表示要去的路線。It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.這是一次79公里的旅行，它涵蓋了所有著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。Stopped many times to admire the view of the 6 city from different angles and take photographs.途中多次停車(chē)，從不同角度欣賞城市風(fēng)景并攝影。Now have a really good idea of what the city's like.現(xiàn)在有對(duì)城市的面貌有了一個(gè)很好的了解。

In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri.傍晚，跟彼得和泰莉一起去中國(guó)城。Chinese immigrants settled in this area in the 1850s.中國(guó)移民于19世紀(jì)50年代定居在這個(gè)地區(qū)。The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like old buildings in southern China.建筑物面前裝飾得就像在中國(guó)南部地區(qū)的古建筑一樣。Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants.這兒看到了一些有趣的寺廟，不少的集貿(mào)市場(chǎng)和大量的餐館，還有美術(shù)館和一個(gè)博物館。Also art galleries and a museum containing documents, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese immigration, but it is closed in the evening.博物館里有關(guān)于中國(guó)移民史的文件、照片和各種各樣的物品，但是晚上關(guān)門(mén)了。Will go back during the day.Had a delicious meal and then walked down the hill to our hotel.打算白天再來(lái)。吃了一頓可口的飯菜，然后步行下山回到酒店。Wednesday 14th, June6月14日星期三

In morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay.On the way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge.早晨，從舊金山灣的港口乘渡輪去天使島，路上觀賞了金門(mén)大橋。From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.從1882年至1940年，天使島成為一個(gè)著名的移民站，許多中國(guó)人在那兒申請(qǐng)美國(guó)居住權(quán)。The cells in the station were very small, cold and damp;some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go.移民站的房間又冷又潮濕，一些房間甚至沒(méi)有光，但是移民們沒(méi)有其他去處。Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather 7 than justice and freedom to them.悲慘的境遇對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)似乎是一種懲罰而談不上公正和自由。They wrote poems on the walls about their loneliness and mourned their former life in China.他們?cè)趬ι蠈?xiě)詩(shī)，抒發(fā)孤獨(dú)的情感，痛惜以前在中國(guó)的生活。In 1940 the civil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA.1940年民政部門(mén)改革了制度，使得更多的中國(guó)人能夠得到機(jī)會(huì)定居美國(guó)。Made me very thoughtful and thankful for my life today.這引起我的感慨，使我對(duì)今天的生活感到欣慰。

3.選修八Unit2 CLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?克隆：它將把我們引向何方？

Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.克隆一直與我們同在，而且它還要持續(xù)下去。It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.這是一種用來(lái)生產(chǎn)與原型完全相同的動(dòng)植物的方法。It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.當(dāng)園藝師從生長(zhǎng)著的植物上剪下枝條來(lái)培植新植物時(shí)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象。It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.這種現(xiàn)象也發(fā)生在動(dòng)物身上，從同一個(gè)原生卵子產(chǎn)生性別和相貌相同的雙胞胎也是克隆。The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.實(shí)際上，這些都是自然克隆現(xiàn)象。

Cloning has two major uses.克隆技術(shù)有兩大用途。Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants.第一，園藝師一直用它生產(chǎn)大量的供商用的植物； Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.第二，它在對(duì)新植物物種的研究以及在對(duì)動(dòng)物的醫(yī)學(xué)研究方面都是很有價(jià)值的。Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very 8 complicated.It is a difficult task to undertake.克隆植物簡(jiǎn)單，但克隆動(dòng)物就比較復(fù)雜了，是一項(xiàng)很難完成的任務(wù)。Many attempts to clone mammals failed.克隆哺乳動(dòng)物的多次嘗試都失敗了。But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough-the cloning of Dolly the sheep.但是，科學(xué)家的決心和耐心最終得到了回報(bào)，這就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊―多莉‖的誕生。The procedure works like this:它的程序如下圖（略）所示： 1.母羊（甲）提供一個(gè)卵細(xì)胞。2.在卵細(xì)胞中取出細(xì)胞核。3.卵細(xì)胞準(zhǔn)備接受新的細(xì)胞核。

4.母羊（乙）提供一個(gè)供克隆的軀干細(xì)胞，該細(xì)胞應(yīng)包含有生產(chǎn)一頭新羊所需要的全部基因。

5.取出該細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞核。

6.用電把母羊（乙）的軀干細(xì)胞核和母羊（甲）的卵細(xì)胞連接起來(lái)。7.細(xì)胞分裂并生長(zhǎng)成胚胎。

8.把胚胎置入另外一頭寄生的母羊（丙）體內(nèi)，母羊（丙）就是克隆羊的代孕。9.這頭小羔羊就是母羊（乙）所提供的細(xì)胞核克隆而成的。

On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep.一方面整個(gè)科學(xué)界都在關(guān)注著首例成功的克隆動(dòng)物多莉羊的成長(zhǎng)。The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.多莉看來(lái)是在正常地成長(zhǎng)著，這很令人鼓舞。Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.接著傳來(lái)了多莉病重的壞消息。Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.研究看來(lái)的科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉得的病更容易發(fā)生在年老的羊身上，這讓他們 9 很沮喪。Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.可悲的是，多莉只活了六年半，這是它的原型羊壽命的一半。Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species, such as cloned mice.可悲的是，同樣無(wú)法控制的命運(yùn)也在影響著其他物種，如克隆鼠。The questions that concerned all scientists were: “Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? 科學(xué)家們的腦海里產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題是―這是不是所有克隆動(dòng)物的一個(gè)主要困難呢？Would it happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure?” 這種現(xiàn)象會(huì)不會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)發(fā)生？如果改進(jìn)研究程序，問(wèn)題會(huì)不會(huì)解決呢？‖

On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.另一方面，多莉羊的出現(xiàn)引起了一陣強(qiáng)烈的反對(duì)，對(duì)媒體和公眾的想象力也產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。It became controversial.It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.它引起了爭(zhēng)議，因?yàn)樗黄拼蜷_(kāi)了人們的眼界，看到了有可能利用克隆技術(shù)來(lái)治療重病，甚至還有可能克隆出人類(lèi)。

Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions.盡管目前供克隆研究的人類(lèi)卵細(xì)胞很難獲得，報(bào)紙報(bào)道說(shuō)，有些邪惡頭目希望把自己克隆出來(lái)以實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的野心。Religious leaders also raised moral questions.宗教領(lǐng)袖還提出了道德方面的問(wèn)題。Governments became nervous and more conservative.各國(guó)政府惶恐不安而且更加謹(jǐn)慎。Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide.有些政府開(kāi)始改革司法制度，明令禁止進(jìn)行克隆人類(lèi)的研究，但是 10 其他國(guó)家，如中國(guó)和英國(guó)，則仍然在繼續(xù)收集克隆技術(shù)有可能提供豐富的醫(yī)療救助的證據(jù)。However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.然而科學(xué)家們?nèi)詫?duì)克隆技術(shù)有助于人類(lèi)還是有害于人類(lèi)，以及克隆技術(shù)將把我們引向哪里感到困惑。

4.選修八Unit2 THE RETURN OF THE DINOSAURS?恐龍的回歸？

The possibility of cloning fierce and extinct wild animals has always excited film makers.克隆兇猛和滅絕的野生動(dòng)物的可能性一直使電影制片商感到興奮。And they are not the only ones!然而他們并不是唯一對(duì)此感到興奮的人。The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people's hearts.在《侏羅紀(jì)公園》這部影片中，有一位科學(xué)家克隆了好幾種不同的絕種恐龍。類(lèi)似這樣的電影很受歡迎，證明了這一想法使人們感到既興奮又恐懼。But in fact we are a long way from being able to clone extinct animals.但事實(shí)上，想要克隆絕種動(dòng)物，我們還要很長(zhǎng)的路程要走。Scientists are still experimenting with cloning mammals.科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行克隆哺乳動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)，This is because the cloning of mammals is still a new science and its story only began seriously in the 1950s as this list shows:這是因?yàn)榭寺〔溉閯?dòng)物仍然還是一門(mén)新的科學(xué)，它是從20世紀(jì)50年代才開(kāi)始進(jìn)行認(rèn)真研究的，如下表所示：

1950s cloning of frogs 1996 first clone of a mammal: Dolly the sheep 1970s research using the embryos of mice

2000 cow gave birth to a bison 1979 work on embryos of sheep and mice 2001 China's first cloned twin calves 1981 first experimental clones of mice 2002 first cloned cats 11 1983 first experimental clones of cows

2005 first cloned dog

From time to time people suggest that extinct animals like dinosaurs, can possibly be brought back to life through cloning.不時(shí)地會(huì)有人提議，克隆技術(shù)將有可能使地球上已經(jīng)消失的動(dòng)物（如恐龍）復(fù)活。Unfortunately, with what we know now, this is either impossible or unsuitable.There are many reasons.不幸的是，據(jù)我們現(xiàn)在所知這是不可能的，也是不合適的。其原因有很多：

◎ The initial requirement is that you need perfect DNA(which gives information for how cells are to grow).首先要求你有完好的DNA，以提供有關(guān)細(xì)胞將如何生長(zhǎng)的信息。

◎ All efforts of cloning an animal will be in vain if there is not enough diversity in the group to overcome illnesses.如果某個(gè)動(dòng)物群體沒(méi)有足夠的多樣性以戰(zhàn)勝疾病，那么克隆這種動(dòng)物的所有努力都將是無(wú)用的。Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different ways.群體的多樣性是指這群動(dòng)物的基因要以不同的方式排列。The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是，如果發(fā)生了某種新的疾病，這類(lèi)動(dòng)物中的一些可能會(huì)死去，而另外一些卻能存活下來(lái)，并且把這種免疫力傳給下一代。The great drawback to cloning a group of animals is that they would all have the same arrangement of genes and so might die of the same illness.Then none of them would be 12 left to continue the species.經(jīng)過(guò)克隆的動(dòng)物群體的最大缺點(diǎn)是：它們的基因排列有可能完全相同，因而它們有可能會(huì)死于同一種疾病，這樣它們也可能一個(gè)也留不下來(lái)傳種接代了。

◎ It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they were to live in a zoo.你如果克隆出任何絕種動(dòng)物，而它們必須生活在動(dòng)物園里那是不公平的。A suitable habitat would be needed for them to lead a natural life.它們需要適當(dāng)?shù)臈⒌剡^(guò)正常的野生生活。

Based on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years.就我們現(xiàn)在所知，你不可能克隆那些已經(jīng)絕種了一萬(wàn)年以上的動(dòng)物。Actually, dinosaurs disappeared 65,000,000 years ago.事實(shí)上恐龍?jiān)?，500萬(wàn)年以前就已經(jīng)消失了，So the chance of dinosaurs ever returning to the earth is merely a dream.所以說(shuō)恐龍回歸地球的可能性?xún)H僅是個(gè)夢(mèng)想罷了！

5.選修八Unit 3 THE PROBLEM OF THE SHRIKES蛇的困擾

When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.我給住在鄉(xiāng)下的母親打電話的時(shí)候，她感到很心煩。“There are some snakes in our courtyard,” she told me.―我們?cè)鹤永镉袔讞l蛇，‖她告訴我說(shuō)，“Snakes come near the house now and then, and they seem to have made their home here, not far from the walnut tree.Can you get rid of them please?” ―蛇時(shí)不時(shí)地爬到屋子邊上來(lái)。可這幾條蛇似乎是在屋子附近離胡桃樹(shù)不遠(yuǎn)的地方安家了。你能不能把它們趕走？‖ I felt very proud.我感到很自豪，Here was a chance for.me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.這回我有機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)表現(xiàn)一下自己了。我要發(fā)明某種仁慈的東西。既可以把蛇捉住，而又不會(huì)傷 13 害它們。I knew my parents would not like me to hurt these living creatures!我知道我的父母親是不會(huì)讓我傷害這些生物的。

The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.我所做的第一件事就是看看有沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的產(chǎn)品能幫助我。但是，看來(lái)只有一種毒殺蛇的藥粉。A new approach was clearly needed.很明顯，我得找一種新的方法了。I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.于是我就著手研究蛇的習(xí)性，以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它們。Luckily these reptiles are small and that made the solution easier.好在這些爬行動(dòng)物都很小，問(wèn)題比較容易解決。

Prepared with some research findings, I decided on three possible approaches: 經(jīng)過(guò)一番研究準(zhǔn)備之后，我決定采用三種可能的方法： firstly, removing their habitat;第一，鏟除蛇的棲息地；secondly, attracting them into a trap using male or female perfume or food;第二，用男人或女人用的香水或食物把它們引進(jìn)陷阱； and thirdly cooling them so that they would become sleepy and could be easily caught.第三，降低它們的體溫，使它們困乏，這樣就容易把它們捉住。I decided to use the last one.我決定采用最后一種方法。I bought an ice-cream maker which was made of stainless steel.Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled.我買(mǎi)了一個(gè)制冰淇淋的不銹鋼碗，在碗的內(nèi)壁和外壁之間有些膠狀物，冷卻后會(huì)凍結(jié)。I put the bowl into the fridge and waited for 24 hours.我把這個(gè)碗放進(jìn)冰箱，冷凍了24小時(shí)。At the same time I prepared some ice-cubes.與此同時(shí)，我還準(zhǔn)備了一些冰塊兒。

The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot.第二天早晨太陽(yáng)光還不太熱，我就早早起床了。I placed the frozen bowl over the snakes' habitat and the 14 ice-cubes on top of the bowl to keep it cool.我把冰凍的碗放在蛇窩的上方，再把小冰塊放在碗上，以使碗保持冷卻狀態(tài)。Finally I covered the whole thing with a large bucket.最后再用一個(gè)大桶把碗罩住。于是我就等著。Then I waited.After two hours I removed the bucket and the bowl.過(guò)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)我才把桶和碗一起拿開(kāi)。The snakes were less active but they were still too fast for me.蛇不像以前那么活躍了。They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.但是對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)，它們行動(dòng)還是太快了，突然一下子就消失在附近的墻洞里去了。So I had to adjust my plan.于是我只得調(diào)整我的計(jì)劃。

For the second attempt I froze the bowl and the ice-cubes again but placed them over the snakes' habitat in the evening, as the temperature was starting to cool.第二次試驗(yàn)我用的還是冰凍的碗和冰塊兒，但是這次我是在夜晚氣溫開(kāi)始變涼的時(shí)候把它們放在蛇窩的上方，Then as before, I covered the bowl with the bucket and left everything overnight.然后用桶把碗罩住，通宵放在那兒。Early the next morning I returned to see the result.第二天一早我就去看結(jié)果。This time with great caution I bent down to examine the snakes and I found them very sleepy.這一次我蹲下去檢查的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)蛇都是睡意濃濃的。But once picked up, they tried to bite me.但是一把它們提起來(lái)，它們就要咬我。As they were poisonous snakes, I clearly needed to improve my design again.因?yàn)樗鼈兌际嵌旧撸院茱@然我還得改進(jìn)我的捕蛇方案。

My third attempt repeated the second procedure.第三次試驗(yàn)重復(fù)了第二次的程序，The next morning I carried in my hand a small net used for catching fish.This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again.第二天早晨我的手里拿了一個(gè)捕魚(yú)的小網(wǎng)，這是因?yàn)槲翌A(yù)料蛇還會(huì)再咬人。But monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to plan.經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)的監(jiān)視，證明這些蛇不會(huì)惹 15 麻煩，一切都按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行著。I collected the passive snakes and the next day we merrily released them all back into the wild.我把這些溫順的蛇收集起來(lái)，第二天就把他們?nèi)酷尫诺揭巴饬恕?/p>

Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office.由于朋友和親戚的敦促，我決定抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)把我的發(fā)明送到專(zhuān)利局去，請(qǐng)他們對(duì)我這次成功的思路給予認(rèn)可。Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.只有你得到這種承認(rèn)，你才可以說(shuō)是一個(gè)真正的發(fā)明家。The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.（評(píng)定）專(zhuān)利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)非常嚴(yán)格，除非新的想法真是新穎的，否則很難被接受。In addition, no invention will get a patent if it is:此外，你的想法如果屬于下列情況，那么你也不可能得到專(zhuān)利： ◎a discovery一種發(fā)現(xiàn)

◎a scientific idea or mathematical model一種科學(xué)理論或數(shù)學(xué)模式 ◎literature or art文學(xué)或藝術(shù)

◎a game or a business一場(chǎng)游戲或一筆交易 ◎a computer programme一個(gè)電腦程序

◎a new animal or plant variety一種新的動(dòng)植物物種

Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.你的產(chǎn)品要經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)調(diào)查，證明它確實(shí)與眾不同的，你才能獲得專(zhuān)利。There are a large number of patent examiners, too, whose only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not.專(zhuān)利局還有一大批審查人員，他們的唯一職責(zé)就是審查你的專(zhuān)利申請(qǐng)是否有效。If it passes all the tests, 16 your application for a patent will be published 18 months from the date you apply.如果通過(guò)了所有這些審查，你申請(qǐng)的專(zhuān)利就會(huì)在你提出申請(qǐng)的18個(gè)月之后公布出來(lái)。So I have filled in the form and filed my patent application with the Patent Office.于是，我填了表，向?qū)＠痔峤涣松暾?qǐng)書(shū)。Now it's a matter of waiting and hoping.現(xiàn)在就是等待和期盼了。You'll know if I succeed by the size of my bank balance!將來(lái)你看看我的銀行結(jié)余金額就會(huì)知道我是否成功了。Wish me luck!祝我好運(yùn)吧！

6.選修八Unit3 ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾

Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Scotland, but when he was young his family moved to Boston, USA.亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾1847年出生于蘇格蘭。但在他還小的時(shí)候，他家就搬到了美國(guó)的波士頓。His mother was almost entirely deaf, so Alexander became interested in helping deaf people communicate and in deaf education.他的母親幾乎全聾了，因此他有志于幫助聾人交流，并從事聾人教育事業(yè)。This interest led him to invent the microphone.這一愛(ài)好促使他發(fā)明了麥克風(fēng)。He found that by pressing his lips against his mother's forehead, he could make his mother understand what he was saying.他發(fā)現(xiàn)他把嘴唇放在母親的額頭上，并以一定的方式來(lái)移動(dòng)額骨，就可以使她聽(tīng)懂他所說(shuō)的話。

He believed that one should always be curious and his most famous saying was: 他認(rèn)為一個(gè)人應(yīng)該總是有好奇心理。他最有名的一句話是：

“Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods.―偶爾離開(kāi)平路去尋求困境。Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.每次當(dāng)你這樣做的時(shí)候，你一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你從未見(jiàn)過(guò)的東西。Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking 17 about to occupy your mind.跟蹤下去，不斷探索，不知不覺(jué)中，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西盤(pán)踞著你的頭腦。All really big discoveries are the result of thought.”所有真正偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)都是思考的結(jié)果。‖

It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit that led to his most famous inventioncome hereand he treats me like dirt.伊：（不安地）我想在花店里當(dāng)賣(mài)花姑娘，不想到街上去賣(mài)花了。但是他們不會(huì)要我，除非我講話講得好些，所以我來(lái)了，準(zhǔn)備付給他錢(qián)。我并不是求他幫忙——可他把我當(dāng)下賤人看待。H: How much? 27 希：你給多少錢(qián)？

E:(happier)Now yer talking.A lady friend of mine gets French lessons for two shillings an hour from a real Frenchman.You wouldn't have the face to ask me for the same for teaching me as yer would for French.So I won't give yer more than a shilling.伊：（比較高興地）啊，你發(fā)話了。我的一位女朋友跟一個(gè)真正的法國(guó)人學(xué)法文，每小時(shí)兩先令。你總不會(huì)好意思要我付跟法語(yǔ)同樣多的錢(qián)吧。所以我最多給你一個(gè)先令。

H:(ignoring Eliza and speaking to Pickering)If you think of how much money this girl has-why, it's the best offer I've had!(to Eliza)But if I teach you, I'll be worse than a father.希：（不理睬伊萊扎，而跟皮克林說(shuō)）要是你想到這個(gè)年輕姑娘身上能有多少錢(qián)，那么，這就是我能得到的最高薪俸了！（對(duì)伊萊扎說(shuō)）不過(guò)，要是我來(lái)教你，我會(huì)比當(dāng)爸爸的還要嚴(yán)格。

CP: I say, Higgins.Do you remember what you said last night? I'll say you're the greatest teacher alive if you can pass her off as a lady.I'll be the referee for this little bet and pay for the lessons too...皮：喂，希金斯。你還記得昨天晚上你說(shuō)過(guò)的話嗎？如果你能使她冒充一位貴夫人，那么我說(shuō)你就是一位最了不起的教師了。我會(huì)為這個(gè)小賭當(dāng)裁判，而且課時(shí)費(fèi)由我來(lái)付。

E:(gratefully)Oh, yer real good, yer are.Thank you, Colonel.伊：（感激地）啊！你真好，真好。謝謝你，上校。

H: Oh, she is so deliciously low.(compromises)OK, I'll teach you.(to Mrs Pearce)But she'll need to be cleaned first.Take her away, Mrs Pearce.Wash her and burn her 28 horrible clothes.We'll buy her new ones.What's your name, girl? 希：哦，她真是粗俗得可愛(ài)！（提出折衷辦法）好吧，我教你。（對(duì)皮爾斯夫人說(shuō)）不過(guò)，她得先把自己洗干凈了。把她帶下去，皮爾斯夫人。給她洗一洗，把那身可怕的臟衣服全部燒掉。我們給她買(mǎi)新的。姑娘，你叫什么名字？

E: I'm Eliza Doolittle and I'm clean.My clothes went to the laundry when I washed last week.伊：我叫伊萊扎·杜立特爾。我是干凈的，上個(gè)禮拜才洗過(guò)澡。

MP: Well, Mr Higgins has a bathtub of his own and he has a bath every morning.If these two gentlemen teach you, you'll have to do the same.They won't like the smell of you otherwise.管：希金斯先生有自己的浴缸。他每天早晨都要洗澡。如果你要這兩位先生教你，你就得照著辦。另外，他們不想聞到你身上的那股氣味。

E:(sobbing)I can't.I dursn't.It ain't natural and it'd kill me.I've never had a bath in my life;not over my whole body, neither below my waist nor taking my vest off.I'd never have come if I'd known about this disgusting thing you want me to do...伊：（哭泣）我不能，我不敢。這太別扭了，會(huì)要我的命的。我這一生從來(lái)沒(méi)有在浴缸里洗澡過(guò)，特別是全身浸泡，沖洗腰部以下或者把我的背心拿走我也算是不會(huì)洗的。要是我知道你要我做這樣的丑事，我是絕不會(huì)來(lái)的。

H: Once more, take her away, Mrs Pearce, immediately.(Outside Eliza is still weeping with Mrs Pearce)You see the problem, Pickering.It'll be how to teach her grammar, not just pronunciation.She's in need of both.希：我再說(shuō)一遍，把她帶走，皮爾斯夫人，立刻帶走。（伊萊扎跟皮爾斯夫人出去了，還在哭泣）皮克林，你看到麻煩了吧。不僅僅是語(yǔ)音問(wèn)題，還得教語(yǔ)法呢。29 這兩個(gè)方面她都需要。

CP: And there's another problem, Higgins.What are we going to do once the experiment is over? 皮：希金斯，還有一個(gè)問(wèn)題。一旦試驗(yàn)完成了，我們準(zhǔn)備做什么呢？ H:

(heartily)Throw her back.希：（興奮地）把她扔回去。

CP: But you cannot overlook that!She'll be changed and she has feelings too.We must be practical, mustn't we? 皮：你可不能小看這個(gè)問(wèn)題了！她是會(huì)變的，她也是有感情的。我們必須實(shí)際一些，難道不是嗎？

H: Well, we'll deal with that later.First, we must plan the best way to teach her.希：這個(gè)以后再談吧。首先咱們得制定一個(gè)最好的教學(xué)計(jì)劃。

CP: How about beginning with the alphabet.That's usually considered very effective...(fades out as they go offstage together)皮：先從字母教起，怎么樣？通常認(rèn)為那是最有效的……（兩人一道朝臺(tái)下走去，聲音逐漸減弱）

9.選修八Unit 5 A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAIN CAVES周口店洞穴參觀記 A group of students(S)from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit.An archaeologist(A)is showing them round.一群英國(guó)學(xué)生（學(xué)）來(lái)到周口店洞穴參觀，有一位考古學(xué)家（考）正領(lǐng)著他們參觀。

A: Welcome to the Zhoukoudian caves here in China.It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology.You must be aware that 30 it's here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.We've been excavating here for many years and...考：歡迎到中國(guó)來(lái)參觀周口店洞穴。很高興見(jiàn)到你們這些來(lái)自英國(guó)并且對(duì)考古學(xué)感興趣的學(xué)生。你們想必都很清楚，正是在這個(gè)地方，我們找到了居住在世界上這個(gè)部分最早人類(lèi)的證據(jù)。我們?cè)谶@兒進(jìn)行的挖掘工作已經(jīng)很多年了，而且……S1: I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? There are only rocks and trees.學(xué)1：對(duì)不起，打斷了你的講話。請(qǐng)問(wèn)他們?cè)趺茨軌蜃≡谶@個(gè)地方呢？這兒只有石頭和樹(shù)木啊。

A: Good question.You are an acute observer.We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects.So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.考：?jiǎn)柕煤谩Ｄ闶莻€(gè)敏銳地觀察者。在高山上的那些洞穴里我們找到了人骨和獸骨，還有工具和其他物品。因此，我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧嚴(yán)寒，就住在這些洞穴里。

S2: How did they keep warm? They couldn't have mats, blankets or quilts like we do.It must have been very uncomfortable.學(xué)2：那他們是怎樣取暖的呢？他們不可能像我們現(xiàn)在這樣有墊子、毯子和被子。想必是很不舒服的了。

A: We've discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they made fires.That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.We haven't found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold during the 31 freezing winter.考：我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在洞穴中央有生火用的地爐。他們用地爐里的火來(lái)取暖、做飯，還可以用火來(lái)嚇跑野獸。我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰，幾乎有六米厚，這意味著他們可能整個(gè)冬天都在燒火。我們還沒(méi)有找到門(mén)，但我們認(rèn)為在天寒地凍的冬季他們可能是用獸皮掛在洞口來(lái)防寒的。S3: What wild animals were there all that time ago? 學(xué)3：在那以前有些什么野獸呢？

A: Well, we've been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and we think these were their most dangerous enemies.Now what do you think this tells us about the life of these early people?(shows picture of a sewing needle)考：嗯，我們?cè)诙蠢镪懤m(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)老虎和熊的骨頭。我們認(rèn)為，這些野獸對(duì)他們來(lái)講是最危險(xiǎn)的敵人了。現(xiàn)在，你們看這個(gè)東西能告訴我們有關(guān)早期人類(lèi)生活的什么情況呢？（指著一張畫(huà)有針線的照片讓大家看）

S2.: Gosh!That's a needle.Goodness, does that mean they repaired things? 學(xué)2：哎呀，那是一根針。天哪，難道他們還會(huì)修補(bǔ)東西嗎？ A: What else do you think it might have been used for? 考：除此之外，你認(rèn)為還可能派別的什么用場(chǎng)嗎？

S4: Let me look at it.It's at most three centimetres long.Ah yes, it seems to be made of bone.I wonder how they made the hole for the...學(xué)4：讓我看看。這個(gè)東西最多三厘米長(zhǎng)，看起來(lái)像是骨頭做的。我不知道他們是怎么樣做成針眼的。

S2:(interrupting)Do you mean that they made their own clothes? Where did they get the material? 32 學(xué)2：（插話）你是不是說(shuō)他們自己做衣服穿？他們又是從哪里搞到衣料呢？ A: They didn't have material like we have today.Can you guess what they used? 考：他們沒(méi)有像我們今天穿的這種衣料。你能猜出他們用的是什么嗎？

Sl: Wow!Did they wear clothes made entirely of animal skins? How did they prepare them? I'm sure they were quite heavy to cut and sew together.學(xué)1：哇，他們穿的衣服全都是用獸皮做的嗎？他們那些衣服是怎么做成的？獸皮剪裁并縫起來(lái)一定又厚又重啊。

A: Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins.We continue discovering tools that were sharpeners for other tools.It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.Then smaller scrapers were probably used to remove the fat and meat from the skin.After that they would rub an ample amount of salt onto the skin to make it soft.Finally, they would cut it and sew the pieces together.Quite a difficult and messy task!Now look at this.(shows a necklace)考：我們有證據(jù)表明，他們的確穿的是用獸皮制作的衣服。我們不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)一些磨削其他工具用的工具。看樣子他們可能是用磨尖的石器來(lái)切割野獸并剝皮，可能再用小一些的刮子把皮上的脂肪和肉去掉。然后他們可能在獸皮上擦上大量的鹽，使皮變?nèi)彳洝Ｗ詈筮M(jìn)行剪裁，縫起來(lái)就成了。確實(shí)是既難又臟的活！現(xiàn)在來(lái)看看這個(gè)吧。（指著一串項(xiàng)鏈）

S2:Why, it's a primitive necklace.Did early people really care about their appearance like we do? It's lovely!學(xué)2：哎呀！這是一條原始的項(xiàng)鏈吧。早期人類(lèi)也像我們現(xiàn)在一樣講究外貌嗎？太漂亮了！

A:Yes, and so well preserved.What do you think it's made of?.考：是的，還保存得很好呢。你們看看是用什么做的？

S4:Let me see.Oh, I think some of the beads are made of animal bones but others are made of shells.學(xué)4：我來(lái)摸摸看。我想，有的珠子是用獸骨做的，有的是用貝殼做的，對(duì)嗎？ A:How clever you are!One bone is actually an animal tooth and the shells are from the seaside.Can you identify any other bones? 考：你真聰明！有塊骨頭實(shí)際上是用野獸的牙齒，貝殼是從海邊撿來(lái)的。你還認(rèn)得別的骨頭嗎？

S1:This one looks very much like a fish bone.Is that reasonable? 學(xué)1：這根很像魚(yú)骨頭，對(duì)嗎？

A:Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.Probably there were fish in it.考：很對(duì)。植物學(xué)的分析結(jié)果明確地告訴我們，這兒四周曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)很大的淺水湖。當(dāng)時(shí)湖里可能是有魚(yú)的。

S3:But a lake is not the sea.We are miles from the sea, so how did the seashells get here? 學(xué)3：不過(guò)，湖并不是海呀。我們離海還遠(yuǎn)著呢。那么，貝殼又是怎么來(lái)的呢？ A:Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on their journeys.We know that they moved around, following the herds of animals.They didn't grow their own crops, but picked fruit when it ripened and hunted animals.That's why they are called hunters and gatherers.Now, why don't we go and visit the caves? 考：早期人類(lèi)之間也許有貿(mào)易往來(lái)，或者他們也可能旅行到海邊去。我們知道，他們跟著獸群四處走。他們并不種植谷物，而是在野果熟了的時(shí)候采摘它們并捕 34 殺野獸來(lái)充饑。這就是他們被稱(chēng)之為獵人和采摘者的緣故。好了，咱們?nèi)⒂^洞穴好嗎？

10.選修八Unit 5 THE FEAST: 18,000 BC公元前一萬(wàn)八千年的一次盛宴

Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit.拉拉擔(dān)心她這次盛宴的準(zhǔn)備工作，所以趕緊把堅(jiān)果、甜瓜和其他水果收集起來(lái)就快步回家了。It was the custom of family groups to separate and then gather again at different sites for reunions as they followed the animal herds across the grasslands.由于在草原上放牧，家族成員先分散開(kāi)，然后在不同的地方相聚，這是他們的一個(gè)習(xí)俗。A wrinkle appeared on her forehead.她的額頭出現(xiàn)了一道皺紋。If only it could be just like last year!要是能像去年那樣就好了！At that time she had been so happy when Dahu chose her as the future mother of his children.當(dāng)大胡選拉拉作未來(lái)孩子的母親時(shí)，她覺(jué)得很高興。He was the best toolmaker in the group and it was a great honour for her to be chosen.他是這個(gè)家族中最好的工匠，被他選中對(duì)拉拉來(lái)說(shuō)是莫大的榮幸。She remembered the blood pulsing through her veins.她記得那時(shí)熱血澎湃。She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice.當(dāng)族人為他的選擇歡呼鼓掌的時(shí)候，拉拉覺(jué)得非常自豪。If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!她今年要是早有預(yù)見(jiàn)，計(jì)劃得更好些就好了！Then she wouldn't have been feeling so worried now.那么她就不會(huì)這么擔(dān)心了。

Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her.聽(tīng)見(jiàn)狼群在森林里嚎叫，拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，擔(dān)心會(huì)有野獸在等著她。She had no man with his 35 spear to protect her.她身邊沒(méi)有男人拿著矛來(lái)保護(hù)她。She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.快到目的地的時(shí)候，一陣香氣撲鼻，她不往前走了，停了下來(lái)。So the men had brought home the meat for the feast!因此那個(gè)男人把肉帶回了家用來(lái)設(shè)宴！The smell of cooking meat filled the air surrounding her, and her senses became dizzy with hunger.肉的香味籠罩著她，使她因饑餓而頭昏眼花。She could see her mother and the older children preparing the deer and pig meat over the fire.她看到母親和大一些的孩子在燒烤鹿肉和豬肉，Her aunts were making clothes with animal skins.她姨媽在用獸皮做衣服。Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.突然間她坐了下去，但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹盧娜一把摟了起來(lái)，Lala smiled with relief.拉拉寬慰地笑了，It was good to have her family around her.跟家人在一起實(shí)在是太好啦！

Just then a tall man came up behind her.就在這時(shí)候，她身后出來(lái)了一位高個(gè)子男人。He had a large, square face, with strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones.他有一張寬大的方臉，眉毛很重，顴骨突出，Over his shoulder he carried several fish and some pieces of wood under his arm肩上扛著幾條大魚(yú)，腋下夾著一些木頭。Lala smiled and handed some stone scrapers over to Dahu, who smiled and went outside the cave to begin his task.拉拉對(duì)大胡微笑著，遞給他一些石頭做的刮子。大胡也笑著，走出洞外，開(kāi)始工作。

First he looked carefully at the scrapers and then went to a corner of the cave and pulled out some more tools.他先朝這些石刮子瞧了瞧，然后走到洞穴的一個(gè)角落，拖出來(lái)更多的工具。They were in a pile with other sharp arrowheads and stone axe-heads.這些工具同其它一些銳利的箭頭和石斧頭堆放在一起。He chose one large stone and 36 began to use it like a hammer striking the edge of the scraper that needed sharpening.他選了一個(gè)大塊石頭，用它做錘子敲打一個(gè)需要磨快的石刮子邊沿。Now and then Dahu would stop, look at it and try it against his hand before continuing his task.他時(shí)不時(shí)地停下來(lái)看看，在手上試一試，然后再繼續(xù)工作。He stopped when he felt the scrapers were sharp enough to cut up the meat and scrape the fish.當(dāng)他覺(jué)得石刮子夠快，可以切肉刮魚(yú)鱗了，他才停下來(lái)，As he passed them to Lala, the first of the guests from the neighbouring caves began to arrive for dinner.他把石刮子遞給拉拉，這時(shí)候，第一批鄰近洞穴的客人就開(kāi)始到來(lái)吃飯了。Lala's spirits rose.拉拉情緒高漲起來(lái)。Yes, it was going to be just as wonderful as last year!是的，今年的盛宴一定會(huì)跟去年一樣熱鬧！She smiled to herself gaily and went out of the cave to welcome her friends and neighbours.她高興地自己笑著，走出洞外，去歡迎她的朋友和鄰居。

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