第一篇：有關(guān)地震的常識(shí)中英文對(duì)照

有關(guān)地震的常識(shí)(中英文對(duì)照)

5月12日14時(shí)28分，四川汶川縣發(fā)生7.8級(jí)地震，我國(guó)多個(gè)省市震感明顯。很多人第一次親身感受到：地震、災(zāi)難、死亡離我們其實(shí)并不遠(yuǎn)。由此，本版本期特向讀者推出一篇有關(guān)地震常識(shí)的文章，讓大家更好地了解地震、遠(yuǎn)離災(zāi)難——

Earthquakes are the most dangerous and deadly of all natural events.They occur in many parts of the world.Giant earthquakes have been recorded in Iran，China，Guatemala，Chile，India，and Alaska.Two of the biggest earthquakes that were ever recorded took place in China and Alaska.These earthquakes measured about 8.5ontheRichter Scale.地震是自然災(zāi)害中最危險(xiǎn)、最致命的，世界許多地方都曾發(fā)生過(guò)。伊朗、中國(guó)、危地馬拉、智利、印度和阿拉斯加都有過(guò)大地震的記錄。有記載的最大兩次地震發(fā)生在中國(guó)和阿拉斯加。這兩次地震經(jīng)測(cè)量約為里氏8.5級(jí)。

TheRichter Scale was devised by Charles Richter in 1935tocompare the energy level of earthquakes.An earthquake that measures a 2onthescale can be felt but causes little damage.One that measures 4.5onthescale can cause slight damage，and an earthquake that has a reading of over 7cancause major damage.It is important to note that a reading of 4indicates an earthquake ten times as strong as one with a reading of 3.So scientists want to be able to predict those earthquakes that have a reading of over 4ontheRichter Scale.里氏震級(jí)是1935年查爾斯·里克特發(fā)明的，用來(lái)比較地震的能量等級(jí)。里氏地震級(jí)測(cè)出的2級(jí)地震可以感覺(jué)到，但幾乎沒(méi)什么破壞;測(cè)出的4.5級(jí)地震能夠造成輕微破壞，等級(jí)超過(guò)7級(jí)的地震會(huì)帶來(lái)重大破壞。必須注意的是，等級(jí)為4級(jí)的地震表明其強(qiáng)度是等級(jí)為3級(jí)的10倍。所以，科學(xué)家想要預(yù)測(cè)的就是那些等級(jí)超過(guò)里氏4級(jí)的地震。

Howdoearthquakes occur?Earthquakes are caused by the shifting of rocks along cracks，or faults，in the earth's crust.The fault is produced when rocks near each other are pulled in different directions.The best-knownfault in North America is the San Andreas fault in the state of California in the United States.地震是怎么發(fā)生的呢?地震是由地殼中的裂縫，或稱(chēng)斷層處的巖石發(fā)生移位而引起的。當(dāng)鄰近巖石受到不同方向的拉力時(shí)便產(chǎn)生了斷層。北美洲最著名的斷層是位于美國(guó)加利福尼亞的圣安德烈亞斯斷層。

Canearthquakes be predicted?Scientists are working on progra

ms to predict the time and place of eart hquakes.They hope to develop an early warning system that can be used to forecast earthquakes so that people can be saved.地震可以預(yù)報(bào)嗎?科學(xué)家們正致力于研究預(yù)報(bào)何時(shí)何地會(huì)發(fā)生地震的計(jì)劃，他們希望開(kāi)發(fā)一種早期報(bào)警系統(tǒng)用來(lái)預(yù)報(bào)地震，以挽救人們的生命。

Thenations that are actively involved in earthquake prediction programs include Japan，China，Russia，and the United States.These countries have set up seismic networks in areas of their countries where earthquakes are known to occur.These networks are on the alert for warning signs that show the weakening of rock layers that can precede an earthquake.Many kinds of seismic instruments are used by the networks to monitor the movements of the earth's crust.The scientists also check water in deep wells.They watch for changes in the water level and temperature that are associated with movement along faults.積極參與地震預(yù)測(cè)計(jì)劃的國(guó)家包括日本、中國(guó)、俄羅斯和美國(guó)。這些國(guó)家在已知發(fā)生地震的地區(qū)建立了地震網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)一直處于戒備狀態(tài)，搜索著告警的跡象，這些跡象顯示出在地震前可能發(fā)生的巖層松動(dòng)的狀況。這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用多種地震儀器來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)地殼的運(yùn)動(dòng)?？茖W(xué)家還檢查深井里的水，觀察與斷層運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān)的水位與溫度的變化。

Scientists also hope to predicte earthquakes by measuring radon in ground water.Radon is a gas that comes from the radioactive decay of radium in rocks.The gas flows through the ground and dissolves in underground streams and wells.Scientists speculate that the amount of radon increases in the ground when rocks layers shift，exposing new rock，and thus more radon.Chinese and Russian scientists have reported that in places where stress is building up，the radon levels of the water build up too.When the radon levels of the water subside and drop back to normal readings，an earthquake may occur.United States scientists have also placed radon monitoring stations in earthquake zones，particularly California.However，all the scientists agree that more data is necessary to prove that radon levels in water are associated with the possible birth of an earthquake.科學(xué)家們還希望通過(guò)測(cè)量地下水的氡含量來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)地震。氡是來(lái)自巖石中鐳輻射衰變而產(chǎn)生的氣體

。這種氣體溢出地面并溶解到地下溪流和井里。科學(xué)家推測(cè)，當(dāng)巖層移位時(shí)，新巖石露

出，產(chǎn)生更多的氡，這樣地層中的氡數(shù)量就增加了。中國(guó)和俄羅斯報(bào)告說(shuō)，壓力增加的地方，水中氡的含量也會(huì)增加。當(dāng)水中氡的含量下降，回到正常讀數(shù)時(shí)，地震就可能發(fā)生。美國(guó)科學(xué)家也在地震區(qū)，特別是加利福尼亞，設(shè)置了監(jiān)測(cè)站。不過(guò)，所有的科學(xué)家都一致認(rèn)為，需要更多的資料才能證明水中氡的含量和可能發(fā)生的地震有關(guān)。

Earthquake prediction is still a young science.Everyone agrees that earthquakes cannot be predicted with any reliability.Scientists have only a partial understanding of the physical processes that cause earthquakes.Much more research has to be done.New and more up to-date methods have to be found for collecting earthquake data and analyzing it.However，scientists have had some success in predicting earthquakes.Several small earthquakes were predicted in New York State，in the eastern part of the United States.Chinese scientists predicted a major one in Haicheng in 1975，and Russian scientists predicted a major one in Garm in 1978.While this is a small start，it is still a beginning.地震預(yù)測(cè)仍然是一門(mén)新興的科學(xué)。人們都認(rèn)為地震不可能被準(zhǔn)確、可靠地預(yù)測(cè)?？茖W(xué)家對(duì)引起地震的物理過(guò)程只是部分了解，還必須做更多的研究，必須找到新的、更先進(jìn)的方法收集地震數(shù)據(jù)并加以分析。不過(guò)，科學(xué)家已經(jīng)在地震預(yù)測(cè)方面取得了一些成功：美國(guó)東部紐約州的幾次小地震就已預(yù)測(cè)到了，1975年中國(guó)科學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)到了海城大地震，1978年俄羅斯科學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)到了加爾姆大地震。雖然這只是個(gè)小小的起步，但畢竟是一個(gè)開(kāi)端。□

第二篇：HSE 常識(shí)手冊(cè)GWDC中英文對(duì)照

Abstract 提要

With the rapid development of GWDC Drilling Branch’s overseas market and business, more and more new employees are getting to be engaged with international drilling activities who know little about HSE or even never get in touch with HSE basic knowledge before they enter into GWDC.As the consistent recognition and acknowledgement of all of us, GWDC, being an IADC important member, always pay extreme emphasis to its HSE performance and HSE training to its Chinese and overseas staff.隨著長(zhǎng)城公司鉆井分公司海外市場(chǎng)和業(yè)務(wù)的迅速發(fā)展，越來(lái)越多的新員工在加入長(zhǎng)城公司時(shí)，對(duì)從事國(guó)際鉆井作業(yè)相關(guān)的 HSE 知識(shí)了解甚少，甚至從未接觸。隨著長(zhǎng)城公司的聲譽(yù)不斷擴(kuò)大，并且作為國(guó)際鉆井承包商協(xié)會(huì)的重要成員，長(zhǎng)城公司對(duì)公司旗下中國(guó)員工和海外員工 HSE 實(shí)踐和 HSE 培訓(xùn)格外重視。

On the basis of being brief, easily-understandable, effective and capable of self-teaching, this manual aims at these new employees with the purpose of helping them to grasp HSE fundamental idea and being equipped with HSE common practices in order to meet HSE requirement from GWDC clients.It is a supplement to GWDC HSE Procedure Manual and Operation Manual.Those two manuals cover the other HSE documents and information whereas not being introduced in this manual.本著簡(jiǎn)明、易懂、實(shí)用和便于自學(xué)的原則，這本手冊(cè)針對(duì)那些新員工，幫助他們領(lǐng)會(huì)HSE 的基本要點(diǎn)，掌握 HSE 一般實(shí)踐內(nèi)容，從而滿(mǎn)足長(zhǎng)城公司客戶(hù)的要求。本手冊(cè)還是對(duì)長(zhǎng)城公司已有的 HSE 實(shí)用手冊(cè)的補(bǔ)充。前面已有的兩本 HSE 手冊(cè)涉及的內(nèi)容，本手冊(cè)不再介紹。

SECTION ONE – HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMS 第一部分：健康、安全與環(huán)境方案 1.0 HSE Meetings HSE 會(huì)議

1.1 Safety Inspections and Logbooks 安全檢查與記錄 1.2 Job Safety Analysis 崗位風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別 1.3 Incident Investigation 事故調(diào)查

1.4 Visitor / Service Personnel Orientation 外來(lái)人員指導(dǎo)培訓(xùn)

SECTION TWO – GENERAL GUIDELINES AND HEALTH CONTROL 第二部分： 一般指導(dǎo)和健康預(yù)防

2.0 General Housekeeping 物品擺放一般要求 2.1 Sanitation 衛(wèi)生

2.2 Personal Hygiene 個(gè)人衛(wèi)生 2.3 Drugs 毒品和藥品

2.4 Fitness for Duty 崗位對(duì)健康的要求 2.5 Smoking 吸煙

2.6 Horseplay 打斗、玩耍與開(kāi)玩笑 2.7 Proper Lifting Techniques 拿舉重物技巧

2.8 Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material(NORM)遭遇天然放射性物質(zhì) 2.9 Heat Stress and Heat Related Conditions 受熱和與高溫環(huán)境 SECTION THREE – EQUIPMENT SAFETY 第三部分： 設(shè)備安全

3.0 Electrical Equipment 電氣設(shè)備

3.1 Control of Hazardous Energy – Lockout / Tag-out 危險(xiǎn)源的控制 –

鎖死（安全保險(xiǎn)）/ 警示標(biāo)志 3.2 Hand Tools 各種手用工具

3.3 Drill Pipe / Collar Slips and Elevators 鉆桿 / 鉆鋌卡瓦和吊卡 3.4 Hoists(Winches / Tuggers)提升設(shè)備（各種絞車(chē) / 各種卷?yè)P(yáng)機(jī)）3.5 Pipe Tongs and Lines 管鉗和繩索 3.6 Rotary Table Area 轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)區(qū)域 3.7 Equipment Guarding 設(shè)備防護(hù)

3.8 Derricks and Masts 井架（塔形井架與 A 形井架）3.9 Pipe Racks and Bins 管子架和儲(chǔ)存盒 3.10 Derrickman’s Escape Device 井架工逃生裝置

3.11 Drilling Line, Crown Block and Traveling Block 大繩、天車(chē)和游車(chē) 3.12 Drawworks, Brakes, Clutches 絞車(chē)、剎車(chē)、離合器 3.13 Mud Pumps and Equipment 泥漿泵與設(shè)備 3.14 Mud Pits and Equipment 泥漿池與設(shè)備

3.15 High-Pressure Lines and Fittings 高壓管匯與配件 3.16 Engines 動(dòng)力設(shè)備

3.17 Air-Operated Equipment 氣動(dòng)氣控設(shè)備 3.18 Blowout Prevention Equipment 防噴器設(shè)備

3.19 BOP Accumulators, Pulsation and Suction Dampeners 防噴器蓄能器、蓄能器膠囊（空氣包）

3.20 Stabbing Board（套管）扶正對(duì)扣臺(tái) 3.21 Handling Tubulars 操作各種管子

SECTION FOUR – FIRE PREVENTION, FIRE FIGHTING AND FIRE CONTROL 第四部分：火災(zāi)預(yù)防、滅火和控制 4.0 Fire Prevention 火災(zāi)預(yù)防 4.1 Fire Protection 火災(zāi)預(yù)防 4.2 Fire Control 火災(zāi)控制

SECTION FIVE – WELDING, CUTTING AND COMPRESSED GAS & OXYGEN CYLINDERS 第五部分：焊接、切割和壓縮空氣 / 氧氣瓶

5.0 General Precautions – Welding, Cutting and Other Spark/Flame Producing Operations 一般預(yù)防：電焊、氣焊切割、其它遭遇火花/火焰的作業(yè) 5.1 Protective Equipment 預(yù)防設(shè)備

5.2 Preparatory – Precautions 事先預(yù)防：提示警告 5.3 Specific Precautions – Arc Welding 特殊提示：電弧焊

5.4 Specific Precautions – Gas Welding and Burning 特殊提示：氣焊與燃燒 5.5 Compressed Gas and Oxygen Cylinders – Storage 壓縮空氣瓶和氧氣瓶：存放 5.6 Cylinder Handling 氣瓶搬運(yùn)與安放 5.7 Cylinder Usage 氣瓶使用 SECTION SIX – FLEET SAFETY 第六部分：機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)輛駕駛安全 6.0 General Rules 一般規(guī)則

6.1 Safe Driving Concepts for Accident Prevention 事故預(yù)防、安全駕駛原則 SECTION SEVEN – CRANE OPERATIONS 第七部分：吊車(chē)作業(yè)

7.0 General Operation Requirements 一般操作要求 7.1 Slings and Shackles 吊索 和 各種鉤環(huán)

7.2 Standard Hand Signals for Crane Operations

起吊作業(yè)時(shí)使用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手勢(shì)信號(hào) SECTION EIGHT – FORKLIFT OPERATIONS 第八部分：叉車(chē)操作

8.0 General Operation Requirements 一般操作要求

8.1 General Training Requirements 一般培訓(xùn)要求

SECTION NINE – CONFINED SPACE ENTRY GUIDELINES 第九部分：進(jìn)入危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域指導(dǎo) 9.0 Procedures 步驟 9.1 Entry 進(jìn)入危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域 9.2 Exit 退出危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域

SECTION TEN – HYDROGEN SULFIDE 第十部分：硫化氫

10.0 Properties of H2S 硫化氫的特點(diǎn)

10.1 H2S Exposure Limits 接觸硫化氫的極限指標(biāo)

10.2 Rescue/First Aid Procedures – Hydrogen Sulfide 遭遇硫化氫后 搶救/急救步驟 10.3 Detection 硫化氫檢測(cè)

10.4 Breathing Equipment(SCBA)呼吸設(shè)備(自給式呼吸器)

SECTION ELEVEN – PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 第十一部分：環(huán)境保護(hù)

11.0 Spills Prevention and Control 泄漏的預(yù)防與控制

11.1 Drilling Site Environmental Considerations 鉆井井場(chǎng)環(huán)境保護(hù)要考慮的因素 11.2 Material Storage 各種材料的存放 11.3 Waste Management 廢物的管理 11.4 Camp Expectations 營(yíng)地的管理

SECTION TWELVE – EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN(S)第十二部分：各種緊急預(yù)案

12.0 Medical Emergency Action Plan 醫(yī)療緊急預(yù)案 12.1 Media Crisis Communication 媒體危機(jī)時(shí)的溝通交流 12.2 Emergency First Aid 緊急急救

12.3 Emergency Procedure on Blow-out 井噴時(shí)的緊急預(yù)案 12.4 Emergency Procedure Against H2S 遭遇硫化氫時(shí)的緊急預(yù)案 12.5 Emergency plan against fire撲滅火災(zāi)時(shí)的緊急預(yù)案 SECTION THIRTEEN – DROPPED OBJECT PREVENTION 第十三部分：預(yù)防落物

13.0 Equipment Inventory 設(shè)備清單

13.1 Derrick/Mast Equipment Guidelines 井架設(shè)備安全指導(dǎo) SECTION FOURTEEN – AIR AND GAS DRILLING 第十四部分：空氣鉆井

SECTION FIFTEEN – PERSONNEL HOISTING OPERATIONS 第十五部分：起吊人員作業(yè) 15.0 General 一般要求

15.1 Job Safety Analysis / Pre-Job Checklist 崗位風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別 / 上崗前檢查內(nèi)容表15.2 Pre-Job Safety Meeting 上崗前安全會(huì)議 15.3 Personnel Lifting Operations 起吊人員操作

15.4 Winch Operator(s)絞車(chē)操作人員 SECTION SIXTEEN – FALL PROTECTION 第十六部分：預(yù)防墜落

16.0 General Fall Prevention 墜落的一般預(yù)防 16.1 Key Requirements for Fall Arrest Systems 對(duì)墜落預(yù)防設(shè)施的要求重點(diǎn) 16.2 Work at a Height 高空作業(yè)

16.3 Fall Restraint System and Equipment 預(yù)防墜落設(shè)施 SECTION SEVENTEEN – RIG PERSONNEL OBLIGATIONS 第十七部分：井隊(duì)人員職責(zé)

17.0 rig manager obligations平臺(tái)經(jīng)理職責(zé) 17.1 toolpusher obligations 隊(duì)長(zhǎng)職責(zé)職責(zé) 17.2 camp manager obligations 營(yíng)地經(jīng)理職責(zé) 17.3 mechanical engineer obligations 機(jī)械工程師職責(zé) 17.4 electric engineer obligations 電氣工程師職責(zé) 17.5 driller obligations 司鉆職責(zé)

17.6 assistant driller obligations 副司鉆職責(zé) 17.7 derrickman obligations 井架工職責(zé) 17.8 floorman obligations鉆工職責(zé) 17.9 roustabout obligations場(chǎng)地工職責(zé) 17.10 mudman obligations泥漿工職責(zé) 17.11 motorman obligations機(jī)工職責(zé) 17.12 welder obligations電焊工職責(zé) 17.13 cleaner obligations清潔工職責(zé) 17.14 laundryman obligations洗衣工職責(zé) 17.15 cook obligations廚師職責(zé)

17.16 security guard obligations安全保衛(wèi)人員職責(zé) 17.17 radio operator obligations無(wú)線電操作員職責(zé) 17.18 rig nurse obligation井隊(duì)醫(yī)護(hù)人員職責(zé) 17.19 driver obligations司機(jī)職責(zé)

17.20 crane operator obligations 吊車(chē)司機(jī)職責(zé)

SECTION ONE – HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMS 第一部分：健康、安全與環(huán)境方案 1.0 HSE Meetings HSE 會(huì)議

One of the most important parts of any company’s Health Safety and Environment Program should be regular HSE meetings.Safety meeting should include: 對(duì)于任何公司的HSE方案而言，定期的HSE會(huì)議是非常重要的，安全會(huì)議應(yīng)該包括：

A.Weekly Safety Meeting Report 周安全會(huì)議記錄 B.Information from equipment manufacturers 設(shè)備生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)家提供的情況

C.Information from the well operator 井上操作人員提供的情況 D.Recent company communications 最近公司交流討論的情況

E.Recent incident investigations, their causes, and corrections 最近的安全事故調(diào)查，它們的發(fā)生原因和整改措施

F.Safety equipment operating procedures 設(shè)備安全操作步驟 G.Employee suggestions 來(lái)自員工的建議

H.Job Safety Analysis(JSA)Program 崗位風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別方案

I.IADC HSE Committee Safety Alerts 國(guó)際鉆井承包商協(xié)會(huì) HSE 協(xié)會(huì)的安全提示

1.1 Safety Inspections and Logbooks 安全檢查與紀(jì)錄

Regular inspections should be made to determine if the equipment is safe to operate.Although a supervisor or other designated company representative should perform inspections, all employees are responsible to report any unsafe conditions they observe.The rig should be inspected from every viewpoint.Unsafe conditions and acts should be reported to the supervisor.定期檢查設(shè)備的安全使用情況，雖然監(jiān)督和其有關(guān)人員會(huì)檢查，但是所有的員工有義務(wù)通報(bào)他們看到的不安全隱患。全面檢查鉆機(jī)設(shè)備，有不安全的情況和操作隨時(shí)通報(bào)監(jiān)督。

1.2 Job Safety Analysis 崗位風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別

The Rig Manager(Tool pusher)will have the primary responsibility for training and/or retraining rig crews in the following processes:平臺(tái)經(jīng)理（隊(duì)長(zhǎng)）在對(duì)井隊(duì)員工培訓(xùn)和指導(dǎo)上，負(fù)有主要責(zé)任 1.Job selection 崗位選擇 2.Hazard identification 危險(xiǎn)識(shí)別 3.Safe job procedures 安全作業(yè)步驟

4.Documentation on the JSA form 崗位風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別相關(guān)材料

A.All injuries, no matter how minor, should be reported immediately to the supervisor and treated.所有的損傷，無(wú)論多輕，都應(yīng)該及時(shí)通報(bào)監(jiān)督并及時(shí)治療。

B.All injuries, which occur during the course of employment, must be reported on the appropriate Incident/Injury form.在本公司就職期間，所有的損傷，都應(yīng)該在事故和損傷表格中記錄。C.The employer should contact the appropriate agencies to ensure that all regulatory reports are completed and submitted.公司有關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)應(yīng)該及時(shí)和有關(guān)部門(mén)聯(lián)系，確保完成定期的報(bào)告，并及時(shí)送達(dá)。1.3 Incident Investigation 事故調(diào)查

Incident investigations should be conducted ASAP after the incident occurs.Facts are clearer, more details remembered, and the conditions are nearest those at the time of the incident.The incident investigation may be conducted in the following manner: 事故一旦發(fā)生，就必須盡快分析調(diào)查。事實(shí)盡量清晰，細(xì)節(jié)盡量詳實(shí)。與事故相關(guān)的各種情況都要分析到。事故分析應(yīng)該按下面的方式進(jìn)行：

A.Interview the worker(s)who had the incident, medical considerations permitting.如果醫(yī)療條件允許，應(yīng)該與事故有關(guān)人員見(jiàn)面。

B.Interview all the witnesses and other personnel who may have been involved in the incident.與事故目擊者和其他有關(guān)人員見(jiàn)面。

C.E.Review the JSA for the task involved in the incident(if applicable).重新論證釀成事故崗位，回顧其崗位風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別（如果可行的話）

D.F.Review maintenance or manufacturers records for the equipment involved(if applicable).重新檢查相關(guān)設(shè)備的維護(hù)紀(jì)錄或者制造紀(jì)錄（如果可行的話）E.G.Determine the facts, based on all information gathered.根據(jù)收集到的情況，確定事實(shí)真相

F.H.Document names and addresses of all witnesses, personnel who did not witness the incident, 紀(jì)錄目擊者的姓名和地址，記錄那些沒(méi)有目擊事故的人員

G.but may have knowledge that is pertinent to the investigation, and other personnel on location 這些人員與事故的調(diào)查也相關(guān)，以及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的其他人員。H.who did not witness the incident.誰(shuí)還沒(méi)有目擊（看到）事故

I.Determine how the incident happened.確定事故是如何發(fā)生的

J.Document the facts of the investigation.紀(jì)錄分析調(diào)查的細(xì)節(jié)與事實(shí)

K.Develop an action plan to prevent the incident from occurring again, 拿出防止類(lèi)似事故再發(fā)生的行動(dòng)方案

L.Share the results of the investigation and action plan with other personnel in the company so that they are aware of what happened and can take efforts to avoid a similar situation on their rig.將調(diào)查結(jié)果和措施方案通報(bào)公司其他人員，這樣他們對(duì)事故也能認(rèn)識(shí)，并且采取措施避免類(lèi)似事故的發(fā)生。

1.4 Visitor / Service Personnel Orientation 外來(lái)人員指導(dǎo)培訓(xùn)

Visitors and service personnel who are new to the location should be met upon arrival, given an orientation immediately and be assigned muster stations.外來(lái)人員和外來(lái)服務(wù)人員初次來(lái)到井場(chǎng)，必須立即對(duì)這些人員進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)和培訓(xùn)。

SECTION TWO – GENERAL GUIDELINES AND HEALTH CONTROL 第二部分 一般要指導(dǎo)和健康預(yù)防

2.0 General Housekeeping 物品擺放一般要求

A.Good housekeeping, cleanliness and order are first steps in safety.工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)房間干凈，整齊有序是安全的第一步。

B.All walkways and steps, rig floors etc., should be kept clear of tools, trash, boards, barrels, hoses and slipping hazards such as oil or grease.所有的步行通道，梯子和鉆臺(tái)等活動(dòng)區(qū)域，不能有各種工具、廢物、擋板、桶、軟管以及容易讓人滑倒的油脂等。

C Each work area should have a storage space or locker for tools and equipment used in that area.Rig floors should have a tool board or locker for hand tools and good storage racks for subs and other rig floor equipment.每一個(gè)工作區(qū)域，都應(yīng)該有儲(chǔ)存或者固定該地點(diǎn)常用工具的地方。鉆臺(tái)上應(yīng)該有存放和固定各種工具、各種接頭和其它常用設(shè)備的地點(diǎn)。

D.To protect slings, shackles, pipe hooks, etc., each rig should have a storage locker.Boards used on pipe or casing racks should be neatly stored.為了保管各種繩索、鉤環(huán)、管子鉤等，每一臺(tái)鉆機(jī)都應(yīng)該配備專(zhuān)用存放箱，管子上使用的各種擋板，套管上使用的托架等必須潔凈后存放。

E.Workshops should have proper storage areas for tools and equipment.All tools and equipment should be cleaned, inspected for damage, repaired if necessary and stored in the proper place after use.工房?jī)?nèi)必須有妥當(dāng)?shù)膮^(qū)域來(lái)存放工具和設(shè)備。所有的工具和設(shè)備應(yīng)該保持干凈，經(jīng)常檢查其破損情況，必要時(shí)維修，使用后放在適當(dāng)位置。

F.Trash and disposal containers should be placed in different areas around the rig.垃圾箱和廢物箱必須安置在鉆機(jī)周?chē)煌膮^(qū)域。

G.Combustible materials such as oil, oil filters or oily rags should be kept in cans designed specifically for such materials.易燃材料比如:油品、濾油紙、帶油抹布必須放置在專(zhuān)用容器內(nèi)。H Guardrails or other suitable means should properly guard all temporary or permanent openings in the floor.鉆臺(tái)上的孔洞必須有護(hù)欄或其它設(shè)施來(lái)臨時(shí)或者永久遮擋。

I.Drilling fluid should be cleaned off of the rig floor after making a connection and regularly during trips, or as quickly as the operation allows.在起下鉆和接單根作業(yè)完畢后，鉆臺(tái)上的泥漿要及時(shí)清理干凈。

J Masts/derricks should be kept free of loose items such as tools, shackles, etc.Any item used above a work area should be secured to prevent it from falling.10 井架上避免擺放沒(méi)有固定的各種工具、鏈鉗等，工作區(qū)域上方的任何物品，必須安全固定，避免墜落。

K Spills from sack or bulk chemicals should be cleaned up as soon as possible.袋裝或者散裝各種處理劑一旦散漏，必須立即清理。

L All rig waste should be disposed of in a proper manner.Non-deteriorating waste such as plastic bags, wrappers, wood, etc., may require special disposal procedures.所有的井場(chǎng)廢物廢料都必須妥善處理，一些不容易處理的材料塑料袋、包裝袋、廢木料等需要經(jīng)過(guò)專(zhuān)門(mén)的處理。

M.Mix only enough paint to accomplish the task at hand.當(dāng)需要使用油漆時(shí)，要估算好需要的量。

N Dispose of paint and thinner properly.Do not mix with other waste.妥善處理油漆和稀釋劑，不要與其廢料混合。

O Scrap metal should be kept separate from all other waste(hot metal could cause a fire if mixed with other waste).廢金屬料應(yīng)該與其它廢料分開(kāi)（因?yàn)榕c其它廢料混合容易引發(fā)火災(zāi)）。2.1 Sanitation 衛(wèi)生

A.Galley personnel(personnel preparing food)should wear clean clothes and other proper attire, including shoes.A hat or hair net should be worn at all times by galley personnel while preparing meals.廚房工作人員（準(zhǔn)備食品人員）應(yīng)該服裝干凈，穿著得體，包括鞋。在準(zhǔn)備食品時(shí)，廚房工作人員應(yīng)該帶帽子或者將頭發(fā)罩住。

B.Galley personnel should keep all abrasions or cuts covered with a clean dressing.廚房工作人員必須將清洗或者切過(guò)的食品用干凈物品覆蓋。

C.Hand cleanliness is essential for galley personnel.Keep fingernails trimmed and hands clean.廚房工作人員必須注意手上衛(wèi)生，經(jīng)常修理手指甲，保持手干凈。D.Galley personnel should be in good health.廚房工作人員必須身體健康。

E.Smoking and use of tobacco should be allowed only in designated areas.在指定區(qū)域吸煙。

F.Leftover food should be covered, dated and properly stored at the appropriate 11 temperature.剩下的食品必須遮蓋，注明日期，在適宜的溫度下存放。G.Careful attention should be made to the expiration date.注意食品的有效期。

H.Shelves and racks should be used to store food with stored items rotated so that the oldest is used first.存放食品的貨架，在擺放食品時(shí)，要做到存放久的食品先食用。I.Insects and vermin should be controlled and kept out of food area.食品區(qū)域不能有各種害蟲(chóng)和寄生蟲(chóng)。

J.The dining area should be cleaned after each meal.每頓飯后，就餐區(qū)域應(yīng)清理干凈

L.The galley should be cleaned on a continual basis.Floors should be disinfected frequently.廚房要隨時(shí)保持干凈，地面要經(jīng)常清洗消毒。L.Dishes should be sanitized before re-use.盤(pán)子下次使用前要消毒。

M.Toilet facilities should be kept clean and sanitized.衛(wèi)生間設(shè)施保持干凈，并消毒。

N.All potable and non-potable water should be labeled.飲用水和非飲用水要注明。

O.Dirty towels and clothes should be laundered after each use.每次使用后的臟毛巾和桌布都應(yīng)該清洗。

P.Garbage and waste should be segregated for proper disposal of after each meal.每頓飯以后，各種垃圾和廢物要做到分類(lèi)收集處理。

Q.Changing rooms should be kept clean and orderly.Work clothes should be properly stored.更衣間應(yīng)該保持干凈、整齊。工作服妥善存放。R.Beds should be made daily.每天要整理床鋪。

S.Personnel should not lie on beds in dirty work clothes and boots.工作人員不允許穿著臟的工作服和靴子躺在床上。2.2 Personal Hygiene 個(gè)人衛(wèi)生 A.Personnel should bathe daily and start each day with a clean change of clothes.工作人員必須每天洗澡，穿戴干凈。

B.Personnel should have an extra set of clean clothing at the rig to change into should their work clothes get contaminated with oil, diesel or other material that could cause skin irritation.工作人員還應(yīng)該在井場(chǎng)多預(yù)備一套衣服，衣服一旦被油、柴油和其它物品污染，及時(shí)更換，避免傷害皮膚。

C.Consideration should be given to the prevention and spread of colds, influenza and/or other infectious diseases.注意及時(shí)預(yù)防感冒、流感和其它疾病的傳染。

D.When air breathing apparatus, dust or organic vapor respirators are required, facial hair should be removed to facilitate a proper face seal.在使用呼吸用具，灰塵或者有氣體呼吸過(guò)濾用具時(shí)，要將面部頭發(fā)移開(kāi)，確保呼吸用具與面部門(mén)密封緊密。

E.Hair should be maintained in a manner that does not create a safety hazard.頭發(fā)不宜過(guò)長(zhǎng)，避免不必要的危險(xiǎn)。

F.Rig personnel should wash hands and face before eating.井隊(duì)工作人員吃飯前應(yīng)洗手、洗臉。

G.Using solvents to clean the skin is never a good practice.Workers who use a solvent to clean their hands may develop dermatitis or possibly becoming sensitized to the chemical or solvent.用堿水等來(lái)洗手不妥當(dāng)，經(jīng)常用堿水來(lái)洗手會(huì)引發(fā)皮膚疾病，或者對(duì)化學(xué)品和溶劑敏感。

2.3 Drugs 毒品和藥品 A.Illegal drugs, intoxicating beverages, firearms, weapons or other contraband should not be allowed on the rig or location.非法毒品、麻醉性飲料、槍炮、武器或者其它禁止攜帶的物品不允許帶到井場(chǎng)和營(yíng)地。

B.Prescription drugs should be taken in strict accordance with the drug’s label and doctor’s guidance.Personnel who are taking prescription drugs should inform their supervisor.各種處方藥品應(yīng)該按照說(shuō)明和醫(yī)生的要求服用。個(gè)人開(kāi)處方藥應(yīng)該向他們的責(zé)任 13 監(jiān)督匯報(bào)。

C.Any medications brought to the rig should be in the original container in which they were dispensed or purchased.擅自帶到井場(chǎng)上的各種藥品，要退回原處。2.4 Fitness for Duty 崗位對(duì)健康的要求

The physical fitness of employees can affect their job performance and safety at the rig.In addition to being physically fit to carry out the physical requirements of the job, fitness includes being rested, and free of chemicals that could affect the employee’s performance.Employees should arrive at the work site fit for duty.This includes: Rested, Free from drugs or alcohol , Illness ,Injury.員工的身體健康狀況會(huì)影響到工作和鉆井作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的安全，保持身體健康，方能勝任工作。健康包括良好的休息，不隨意服用藥品，因?yàn)檫@些藥品有時(shí)會(huì)影響工作。員工一到達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，身體就應(yīng)該勝任工作。它包括：良好的休息，不服用藥品和酒類(lèi)，無(wú)病、無(wú)傷殘。2.5 Smoking 吸煙

A.Smoking areas should be designated and identified on the rig site.指定井場(chǎng)上的吸煙場(chǎng)所，并標(biāo)注說(shuō)明。B.Smoking is permitted only in designated areas.只能在指定區(qū)域吸煙。

C.Smoking should not be allowed in food preparation areas.在準(zhǔn)備飯菜區(qū)域，不允許吸煙。2.6 Horseplay 打斗、玩耍與開(kāi)玩笑

A.Horseplay should not be allowed at any time.工作時(shí)，任何時(shí)候都不允許打斗、玩耍。

B.Wrestling, mock fights, practical jokes, etc., are examples of horseplay.打斗、玩耍包括：摔跤、打斗、各類(lèi)玩笑等。2.7 Proper Lifting Techniques 拿舉重物技巧

A.Avoid manual lifting of heavy or awkward objects.Mechanical advantage or lifting devices should be used or assistance should be requested.避免人工提升笨重的物品，必要時(shí)要使用機(jī)械或者專(zhuān)用提升設(shè)備。B.When lifting an object with another person, coordinate the lift by using good 14 communication.(For example: “One, Two, Three, Lift”)與他人一起提升搬運(yùn)物品時(shí)，要注意配合。（比如喊一、二、三、起！）C.Check for proper footing before lifting or carrying an object.Make sure the area is clear of slip or trip hazards.高舉和搬運(yùn)物品時(shí)，要注意腳下，避免絆倒或者各種危險(xiǎn)。D.Proper lifting techniques should be followed when lifting any object.舉提各種物品時(shí)，要按照正確技巧來(lái)做。

B.Over-reaching, lifting over shoulder height, or body twisting should be avoided while lifting or moving an object.高舉和搬運(yùn)物品時(shí)，要免遠(yuǎn)距離取拿，舉過(guò)肩部，身體扭曲等不良行動(dòng) F.Carrying objects up or down stairs or steps with two hands should be avoided.避免用雙手搬運(yùn)重物上下梯子。

2.8 Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material(NORM)遭遇天然放射物質(zhì) Radiation is a natural component in our environment.There are two natural radiation sources: Cosmic rays external to the earth, and radiation from naturally occurring radioactive materials(NORM)found in the earth’s crust.The following are precautions all company employees, contractors, and visitors should take: 放射物質(zhì)是自然界的產(chǎn)物。一般有兩種放射源。從宇宙到地球的放射，來(lái)自地殼的天然放射物質(zhì)。所有公司員工、承包商和外來(lái)人員都要遵守下面的要求。A.Wear proper protective equipment, including respiratory or breathing air apparatus, when entering contaminated vessels and when handling equipment or materials with exposed NORM.在進(jìn)入放射污染的容器和處理暴露在放射物質(zhì)下的設(shè)備的時(shí)候，要穿戴合適的防護(hù)設(shè)備，包括呼吸設(shè)備。

B.Avoid direct skin contact with radioactive scale and solids to the extent reasonably possible.盡可能地避免皮膚與放射場(chǎng)，放射物質(zhì)接觸。

C.Thoroughly wash hands and face immediately following any skin contact with contaminated materials, especially before eating, drinking, smoking or otherwise using tobacco.在與放射物質(zhì)接觸以后，要認(rèn)真洗手、洗臉。尤其是在吃飯、喝水和吸煙之前。D.Keep the number of personnel in the work area to a minimum.將在放射區(qū)域工作的人員控制在最少。

E.Any contaminated equipment or vessels that are to be worked on should be isolated, ventilated and left standing idle for 4 hours, before work commences.任何受過(guò)放射污染的設(shè)備在重新使用以前，必須隔離、通風(fēng)，閑置4小時(shí)以上。G．Handle contaminated equipment and pipe in accordance with approved waste and surplus equipment disposal, and/or storage procedures.處理受到放射污染的設(shè)備可以參照?qǐng)?bào)廢設(shè)備的處理程序進(jìn)行。H.Confined Space procedures should also be followed.可以參照危險(xiǎn)禁區(qū)的處理程序。

2.9 Heat Stress and Heat Related Conditions 受熱和高溫環(huán)境

Heat stress is a serious issue in industrial work environments.When poorly ventilated clothing is worn in high heat and humidity, heat stress can become a danger.The keys to preventing heat stress are understanding why it occurs, altering the work environment, providing fluids, and providing appropriate protective clothing.If someone shows symptoms of heat stress, it is important to take the individual to a cool, shaded area and provide plenty of drinking water.Seek medical attention immediately.受熱是從事工業(yè)作業(yè)常見(jiàn)的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題。如果衣服透風(fēng)性差，遭遇高熱高濕度，就很容易受熱。找到原因，就知道如何避免。適當(dāng)更換工作地點(diǎn)，保證通風(fēng)，提供必要的防護(hù)服裝。如果有人受熱，馬上轉(zhuǎn)移到陰涼的地方，提供足夠的水，必要時(shí)及時(shí)治療。

Avoiding Heat Stress 如何避免受熱

1.Drink plenty of fluids each day.每天喝足夠水。

2.Stay physically fit.A higher degree of physical fitness can increase heat tolerance.操持身體健康，身體越健康，抗熱能力越強(qiáng)。3.Take frequent breaks to a cooler location.經(jīng)常在涼快地方休息一下。

4.Acclimatize yourself to the work environment.逐步適應(yīng)工作環(huán)境。

5.When performing strenuous work on hot days, the buddy system should be used.當(dāng)在炎熱的天氣條件下，從事繁重的工作，要有緊急救護(hù)措施。

6.Watch your health.Some medications and medical conditions such as hypertension 16 can worsen the effects of heat stress.注意你自己的身體狀況，有時(shí)一些藥品和過(guò)渡緊張會(huì)加劇受熱。7.Avoid use of alcohol or drugs.不喝烈性酒或者不使用藥品

8.Wear clothing that offers appropriate protection from the environment.穿戴合適的服裝。

SECTION THREE – EQUIPMENT SAFETY 第三部分：設(shè)備安全

3.0 Electrical Equipment 電氣設(shè)備

A.The breaker switch for any electric equipment should be locked and/or tagged out and tested to ensure no current is present at the equipment to be worked on before conducting any repairs.在對(duì)設(shè)備維修之前，要先斷開(kāi)電器開(kāi)關(guān)，測(cè)試確保沒(méi)有電流，方可維修。B Splicing or cutting of electrical wire by unauthorized personnel should not be permitted.非專(zhuān)業(yè)人員不允許善自拼接、切割電線。

C.A fuse puller should be used to remove and replace defective fuses.使用專(zhuān)業(yè)工具來(lái)更換失效的保險(xiǎn)絲。

D.Plugs and cords should be protected from being damaged.避免損壞各種插座、插頭。

E All electrical wall outlets, hand tools, extension cords, etc.should be provided with proper grounds or removed from operation.所有的墻上插座、手動(dòng)工具、外接電線等必須有地線，作業(yè)時(shí)要搬走。F Power hand tool safety devices should not be modified.(For example: Applying tape to keep the power switch on a hand grinder engaged.)電動(dòng)手用工具的開(kāi)關(guān)要加強(qiáng)保護(hù)（比如用膠帶密封，防止碎屑進(jìn)入）。G.Electrical power tools should not be used in gaseous or explosive atmospheres,.電動(dòng)工具不能在天然氣環(huán)境和容易爆炸的環(huán)境中使用。

H.All electrical tools should be turned off before connecting to or disconnecting from the power supply.所有的電動(dòng)工具在連通或者斷開(kāi)電源時(shí)，工具上的開(kāi)關(guān)都必須放在斷開(kāi)位置。I.Electrical devices should not be operated when water hazards are present.當(dāng)有水蒸汽環(huán)境時(shí)，不能操作電器設(shè)備。

J.Water or any substance containing water should not be used to extinguish an electrical fire.不能用水或者含水的物質(zhì)來(lái)?yè)錅缬捎陔娨鸬幕馂?zāi)。

K.All extension cords should be checked regularly and kept in good condition.所有的外部電線接頭，必須定期檢查，并處于良好的狀態(tài)。

L.Cords should be disconnected from the power source before coiling for storage.在把電線盤(pán)起來(lái)存放之前，一定要先斷開(kāi)電源。

M.All guards on electrical equipment should be kept in place and in good repair.所有電器上的保護(hù)設(shè)施都必須完好無(wú)損。

N.Water, dirt, oil or dust should not be allowed to accumulate around electrical equipment.電器設(shè)備周?chē)荒苡兴⒂?、灰塵等雜物。

O.All overhead lights should be equipped with safety fasteners.所有頭頂上方的照明燈都必須安全固定。N.Explosion-proof lighting fixtures should be used where required by the classification of the area.依照工作場(chǎng)合，照明燈必要時(shí)要采用防爆固定裝置。

Q.SCR units, rig and auxiliary generator plants should be grounded.可控硅裝置，鉆機(jī)上使用電器和其它輔助發(fā)電設(shè)備必須接地線。

R.Before main breaker switches are thrown “in” or “out”, the equipment controlled by these breakers should be turned off or on by the equipment control switch.在將主剎車(chē)的開(kāi)關(guān)位于“合”、“離”位置之前，必須先將那些受剎車(chē)系統(tǒng)控制的設(shè)備控制開(kāi)關(guān)也分別設(shè)定在“合”、“離”位置。

S.Should a circuit breaker kick out(disengage), the reason the breaker kicked out should be determined before the circuit breaker is re-engaged.如果電路保護(hù)系統(tǒng)突然跳閘短路，在重新合上之前，必須查明原因。

T.When re-engaging a circuit breaker that has kicked out, always stand to the side and look away from the breaker as it is re-engaged.當(dāng)電路保護(hù)系統(tǒng)跳閘，在合閘的時(shí)候要注意身體站側(cè)面，并與電閘保持一定距離。U.Explosion-proof equipment should be returned to its explosion-proof condition when repaired.當(dāng)對(duì)防爆設(shè)備進(jìn)行維修時(shí)，必須將防爆設(shè)備設(shè)定在防爆狀態(tài)。

V.Non-conductive mats should be placed in front of the switchboards and maintained in a clean condition.在電器控制開(kāi)關(guān)控制箱的前面放置絕緣的各種腳墊，并經(jīng)常保持墊子干凈。W.All high voltage panels should be clearly marked “DANGER – HIGH VOLTAGE.”

所有的高壓電路控制箱（板、臺(tái)），必須用文字清楚表明：“高壓，危險(xiǎn)！” X.Never assume electrical wiring is harmless.Check the source to ensure it has been disconnected, even if only changing a light bulb.杜絕電線不導(dǎo)電，不危險(xiǎn)的想法，即使是更換一個(gè)電燈泡，也必須斷開(kāi)電源。Y.Never assume low voltage cannot be dangerous.杜絕低電壓不危險(xiǎn)的想法。

Z.Personnel rescuing a victim of electrical shock should first switch off the power causing the shock.If this is not possible, attempt to pull the victim away from the live conductor by using a dry stick, a dry rope, or other nonconductive material.在搶救觸電人員時(shí)，必須先斷開(kāi)引發(fā)觸電的電源，如果不行，則要使用干燥的木棍，干燥的繩索，或者其它絕緣的材料。

AA.A work permit may be necessary when using electrical power tools in some areas.在某些地方使用電動(dòng)工具時(shí)，必須有相關(guān)的許可。

BB.All explosion-proof junction boxes and breaker boxes should be properly sealed with all bolts.所有的防爆設(shè)置和電路安全保護(hù)裝置都必須用螺釘固定、封住。CC.All wires should be properly secured in wire trays.所有的電線都應(yīng)該固定在線盒（盤(pán)）內(nèi)。

3.1 Control of Hazardous Energy – Lockout / Tag out

危險(xiǎn)源的控制— 鎖死（安全保險(xiǎn)）/ 警示標(biāo)志

A.All employees should understand that before any employee performs servicing or maintenance on a machine or equipment where the unexpected energizing, start up, or release of stored energy could occur and cause injury, the machine or equipment shall be isolated from the energy source, rendered inoperative and energy source tested to ensure that energy has been released or not present.所有的員工都必須清楚，在含有各種潛在危險(xiǎn)源動(dòng)力設(shè)備上從事作業(yè)和維護(hù)時(shí)，19 這些設(shè)備會(huì)在作業(yè)人員不注意的情況下啟動(dòng)，或者釋放出儲(chǔ)存的能量，造成意外傷害。所以，必須先將這些設(shè)備和裝置與動(dòng)力源切斷，通過(guò)測(cè)試等手段證明能量已經(jīng)被釋放掉，或者能量已經(jīng)不存在。

B.If an energy-isolating device is not capable of being locked out, the employer’s energy control program should use a tag-out system.如果能量斷開(kāi)設(shè)施不能夠被鎖死，則要采取現(xiàn)場(chǎng)警示標(biāo)志措施。

C.Whenever replacement or major repair, renovation, or modification of a machine or equipment is performed, and whenever new machines or equipment are installed, energy isolating devices for such machines or equipment should be designed to accept a lockout device.當(dāng)進(jìn)行設(shè)備更換、大修、改裝或者修補(bǔ)等作業(yè)時(shí)；當(dāng)新設(shè)備進(jìn)行安裝時(shí)，都要對(duì)這些設(shè)備采取安全保險(xiǎn)措施，而且要求能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)鎖死功能。

D.employees should understand the purpose and function of the energy control program and that the knowledge and skills required for the safe application, usage and removal of the energy controls are acquired by the employees.員工都應(yīng)該了解各種動(dòng)力源控制手段的功能和目的，而且要掌握它們安全運(yùn)用的知識(shí)和操作技能。

E.Lockout / Tagout Plans may include the following elements.鎖死（安全保險(xiǎn)）/ 警示標(biāo)志 方案包括以下方面的內(nèi)容.1.All machinery or equipment that is capable of movement should be de-energized or disengaged and locked out during cleaning, servicing, adjusting or setting up operations, whenever required.所有的設(shè)備在進(jìn)行清潔、維護(hù)、調(diào)試和安裝的時(shí)候，需要時(shí)，都應(yīng)該能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)將能源釋放，設(shè)備能源斷開(kāi)和鎖死功能。

2.Where the power disconnecting means for equipment does not also disconnect the electrical control circuit: 斷開(kāi)設(shè)備動(dòng)力的手段并不是指設(shè)備的控制電路斷開(kāi)。a.The appropriate electrical enclosures are identified.要對(duì)各種的帶電的外罩（盒）進(jìn)行明顯標(biāo)注。

b.Means is provided to assure the control circuit can also be disconnected and locked 20 out.要有措施來(lái)保證電路不僅可以被斷開(kāi)，同時(shí)還可以被鎖死。

3.Locking out main power disconnects for equipment may be required as opposed to only the locking out of specific control circuits.安全鎖死不僅僅是鎖死特定的控制電路，而是要能夠?qū)⒃O(shè)備的主動(dòng)力切斷鎖死。4.All equipment control valve handles should be provided with a means for locking out.所有設(shè)備的控制閥也應(yīng)該具有鎖死功能。

5.Stored energy(mechanical, hydraulic, air, etc.)is required to be released or blocked before equipment is locked out for repairs.在將設(shè)備鎖死進(jìn)行維修之前，設(shè)備儲(chǔ)存的能量（機(jī)械能、液壓能、氣能等）都要釋放掉，或者封死。

6.Employees required to work on equipment should be provided with individually keyed personal safety locks.要給在設(shè)備上工作的員工提供鎖死設(shè)備用的單獨(dú)安全鎖。

7.Employees who work on equipment should keep personal control of their key(s)while they have safety locks in use.當(dāng)設(shè)備被鎖死后，在設(shè)備上工作的員工要管好鎖死設(shè)備安全鎖的鑰匙。8.Only the employee exposed to the hazard is to place or remove the safety lock.只有在危險(xiǎn)場(chǎng)所工作的那些員工才有權(quán)力使用和打開(kāi)安全鎖。

9.Employees should check the safety of the lockout by attempting a startup after making sure no one is exposed.只有在確保危險(xiǎn)場(chǎng)地沒(méi)有員工的時(shí)候，才能夠通過(guò)試啟動(dòng)設(shè)備來(lái)檢查鎖死裝置的安全性。

10.There should be a means provided to identify any or all employees who are working on locked-out equipment by their locks or accompanying tags.通過(guò)識(shí)別安全鎖或者相關(guān)的警示標(biāo)志，可以知道有員工在鎖死的設(shè)備上作業(yè)。11.There should be a sufficient number of accident prevention signs or tags and safety padlocks provided for any reasonably foreseeable repair emergency.要預(yù)備數(shù)量足夠的預(yù)防標(biāo)志、標(biāo)牌和安全鎖裝置，防備在各種可能出現(xiàn)的緊急維修時(shí)使用。

12.A log should be kept for equipment that is locked out over a crew change or 21 extended period of time.如果設(shè)備鎖死時(shí)間遇到換班或者更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，則對(duì)鎖死的設(shè)備要有書(shū)面記錄說(shuō)明。

3.2 Hand Tools 各種手用工具

Hand tools such as hammers, wrenches, and other hand tools are often underrated as sources of potential danger, but they are the causes of many injuries.These injuries can be serious, including loss of fingers or eyesight.手用工具如榔頭、搬手以及其它工具通常被認(rèn)為具有潛在危險(xiǎn)，但是這些工具也經(jīng)常引發(fā)傷害。某些傷害甚至是嚴(yán)重的，如斷手指、眼睛傷害。

A.Frequent inspection of all hand tools should be made to ensure that they are in safe operating condition.Hand tools should not be altered or welded on.經(jīng)常檢查各種手用工具，確保它們出于良好的狀態(tài)，不能對(duì)工具隨意改裝和焊接。B.Driving faces of hammers, chisels, drift pins, bars and similar tools should be inspected to eliminate mushroomed heads, broken faces and other defects.檢查各種榔頭、鑿子、銷(xiāo)子、橇杠的工作面，不能出現(xiàn)卷刃、破裂和其它缺陷。C.Driving faces that are mushroomed should be ground smooth.Driving faces that exhibit cracking should be removed from service.出現(xiàn)卷刃的必須重新磨平，出現(xiàn)破裂的不能再使用。

D.Use the right tool for the job.Hammer handles should not be used as pry bars, nor should a wrench be used as a hammer.正確使用各種工具、榔頭的手柄不能用作橇杠，不能把搬手當(dāng)成榔頭來(lái)用。E.Tools should be returned to their proper storage place after use.工具使用后要妥善保管，便于下次使用。

F.Sharp tools, such as screwdrivers, should not be carried in pockets.口袋里不要裝鋒利的工具比如：起子（螺絲刀）等

G.When tightening pipe, swab nuts, swab rods, etc., you should not stand or jump on the wrench for additional force.當(dāng)上緊管子、套筒螺母和套筒螺栓時(shí)，不要站在搬手上加力量。

H.Cheaters should be used only if absolutely necessary.Do not use cheaters on chain binders at any time.Secure chain binders with rope or chain once fastened.如果需要使用加長(zhǎng)鉗把的管子時(shí)，不要把管子直接套在鉗把上，要使用繩索或者 22 鏈條固定鉗把。

I.Wood handles should be sound and securely wedged or fastened to the tool.Tape should not be used to cover defects such as cracks in wooden handles.工具的木制手柄必須光滑，與工具要楔牢，不要用膠布包纏手柄上的裂縫。J.Tools carried into the derrick should be secured to prevent being dropped.帶工具上井架，必須有固定措施，防止墜落。

K.When hand tools are being used overhead, those working or standing below should be notified and the area restricted.In addition, secure the tools with a safety lanyard to prevent them from falling in case the grip is lost.當(dāng)各種手用工具在使用中過(guò)熱，要小心周?chē)藛T和周邊環(huán)境，另外，可以用一根繩子系住工具，防止因發(fā)熱手松，工具飛出傷人。L.Pipe wrenches should not be used to bend, raise or lift pipe.管鉗不能用來(lái)彎曲、提舉管子。

M.When using a hammer wrench, attach a piece of rope, or rubber “O” ring to the handle to apply tension on the wrench to hold it in place.在使用錘鉆時(shí)，用一段軟繩或者橡膠圈包住手柄，這樣可以方便拿握。N.When using hand tools around the rotary table or the well bore, be sure to cover the bore hole.當(dāng)在轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)和井口周?chē)褂酶鞣N工具時(shí)，要將井口蓋住，防止物體落入井內(nèi)。O.Insulated hand tools should be used when working on or around electrical equipment.在電器設(shè)備上，或者周?chē)褂霉ぞ邥r(shí)，工具必須絕緣。P.Brass hammers may be necessary in gas-sensitive areas.在一些天然氣敏感的區(qū)域作業(yè)，要使用銅棰。

Q.Electric hand tools should be grounded or double insulated.使用各種電動(dòng)手用工具要接地線，并且使用雙絕緣。

3.3 Drill Pipe / Collar Slips and Elevators 鉆桿/ 鉆鋌卡瓦和吊卡 A.Slips and elevators should not be modified or welded on.卡瓦和吊卡不能修補(bǔ)和焊接。

B.Keys, pins, dies, handles and bodies on all pipe and collar slips should be checked frequently for wear or damage.鉆桿和鉆鋌用卡瓦上的各種銷(xiāo)健、板牙、手柄和本體要經(jīng)常察看其磨損和損害情況。

C.Rig personnel should keep their hands and feet, away from slip handles when rotary or top drive is in motion.當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)和頂驅(qū)在工作時(shí)，鉆臺(tái)上的工作人員手和腳要遠(yuǎn)離卡瓦手柄。D.Slips should be properly positioned out of the way when not in use.當(dāng)不使用卡瓦時(shí)，要正確地移出。

E.Slip handles should be used to raise and lower slips.Handles should be grasped with palm up.Slips should NOT be kicked into the rotary bushing.卡瓦的手柄是用來(lái)提升和下放卡瓦，要用手掌抓住卡瓦。不要用腳將卡瓦踢進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)補(bǔ)芯內(nèi)。

F.Using proper lifting techniques, at least two employees should pull slips.要正確操作提升卡瓦，至少兩個(gè)人一起來(lái)提卡瓦。

G.Latches, latch springs, hinge pins and elevator shoulders should be inspected periodically and maintained as necessary.These areas should be checked for cracks and deformities.鎖緊部分、鎖銷(xiāo)彈簧、銷(xiāo)子和吊卡的臺(tái)階等部位要定期檢查和維護(hù)，要檢查有無(wú)裂縫和缺陷。

H.The elevator ear locks should be fitted with proper size steel bolts as recommended by the manufacturer.Bolts should be checked often to ensure tightness.吊卡的鎖緊耳朵要使用廠家推薦的，大小合適的插銷(xiāo)，插銷(xiāo)要確保插緊。I The elevators or bails not be grasped in the area of the link eyes.作業(yè)中，不能抓吊卡和吊環(huán)的聯(lián)結(jié)耳部，以免擦傷。

J The load bearing areas of elevators and links(bails)should be inspected as per company policies and procedures developed in consideration of the manufacturer’s recommendations.根據(jù)生產(chǎn)廠家的建議和本公司的制度，要對(duì)吊卡的承受載荷部分和聯(lián)結(jié)部分（吊環(huán)）進(jìn)行檢查。

3.4 Hoists(Winches / Tuggers)提升設(shè)備（各種絞車(chē) / 各種卷?yè)P(yáng)機(jī)）A.Only those personnel, who through experience and training, are determined by the rig supervisor to be competent should be allowed to operate the rig floor hoist(s).只有具有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，受過(guò)培訓(xùn)并且得到監(jiān)督認(rèn)可的人員才能夠操作鉆臺(tái)上的絞車(chē)。B.All hoists should be equipped with a drum guard and line guide.所有的絞車(chē)都必須配備剎車(chē)鼓護(hù)罩和排繩器。

C.The hoist operator should check the hoist mechanism, brake, drum guard, and line guard to ensure proper working order prior to each lift.絞車(chē)操作人員在作業(yè)前，應(yīng)該檢查絞車(chē)結(jié)構(gòu)、剎車(chē)系統(tǒng)、剎車(chē)鼓罩、鋼絲繩罩等部位，確保工作正常。

D.The hoisting line should not be in contact with any derrick member.絞車(chē)鋼絲繩不能與井架的任何部分接觸。

D.Loads lifted by the hoist and wire rope should not exceed the manufacturer’s recommendation.絞車(chē)提升的載荷量不能超過(guò)絞車(chē)生產(chǎn)廠家的規(guī)定。F.Rig personnel should stand clear of suspended loads.鉆臺(tái)上的工作人員要躲避遠(yuǎn)離提升物。

G.The hoist operator should set the drum brake anytime a load is in suspension.The operator should not leave the hoist unattended.絞車(chē)操作人員在提升過(guò)程中，隨時(shí)可能剎車(chē)，操作人員不應(yīng)能離開(kāi)絞車(chē)。H.The hoist-operating lever should return to the neutral locked position when the operator releases it.要保證操作人員松開(kāi)時(shí)，剎車(chē)操縱桿能夠自動(dòng)返回原位。

I.The hoist should be equipped with an emergency shut-off valve within easy reach of the operator.絞車(chē)必須配備緊急停車(chē)裝置，并且操作人員容易控制它。

J.The hoist operator should raise the load at a slow, steady rate and stay alert to the situation and flagman at all times.絞車(chē)操作員提升載荷時(shí)要慢速、平穩(wěn)，要密切關(guān)注周?chē)h(huán)境和指揮人員。K.Continuous communications should be maintained either through direct sight, through a flagman or via two-way radio.在提升作業(yè)中要不斷與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工作人員交流配合，交流可以是直接的，可以通過(guò)指揮人員，也可以通過(guò)通訊工具。

3.5 Pipe Tongs and Lines 管鉗和繩索 A.Snub lines should be installed on makeup and breakout tongs and secured to a structural part of the rig floor or derrick.內(nèi)鉗和外鉗上必須系上緩沖保護(hù)繩，并將該繩股固定在鉆臺(tái)或者井架上。B.Tong counterbalance and components should be restrained, guarded or located so as to prevent them from falling on or striking crewmembers.Makeshift weights such as tools, pipe protectors, bits, etc.should not be added to the counterbalance weights or tongs.大鉗的平衡塊要放置妥當(dāng)，防止它墜落或者傷人。不要把各種工具、護(hù)絲、鉆頭等物品當(dāng)作臨時(shí)性的重量平衡塊來(lái)使用。C.Tong die slots should be properly maintained.大鉗的板牙槽部分要經(jīng)常維護(hù)。

D.Tongs should be provided with sharp dies at all times and properly pinned in die slots.Die drives should be used to remove tong dies.隨時(shí)保證大鉗板牙鋒利，往板牙槽里裝板牙時(shí)要正確妥當(dāng)，要使用專(zhuān)用工具來(lái)裝板牙。

E.Tongs should be properly secured when not in use.不使用大鉗時(shí)，要妥善固定。

F.The rotary table should not be used for final making up or initial breaking out of a pipe connection.Two tongs should be used during makeup and breakout.轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)不能用來(lái)緊扣和松扣，應(yīng)該使用大鉗完成此操作。

G.When greater-than-normal pull is needed to break a tight joint, all floor crewmen should move away from the rotary, and out of the path of the tongs before torque is applied.(Maximum rating of tongs or lines should not be exceeded.)當(dāng)使用過(guò)大力量來(lái)松扣時(shí)，鉆臺(tái)上的人員要遠(yuǎn)離轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)，躲開(kāi)大鉗周?chē)奈ｋU(xiǎn)區(qū)域，施加的力量不要超過(guò)規(guī)定最大載荷。

H.Employees should not stand between the two pipe tongs while the driller is making up or breaking out pipe or collars.當(dāng)司鉆在進(jìn)行鉆桿和鉆鋌的緊扣和松扣操作時(shí)，其他人員不要站在大鉗之間。I.All bolts/pins used to secure tong jaws should be kept in place, with nuts and secured with cotter pins or safety pins.所有固定大鉗巴掌的螺栓/銷(xiāo)子都要用螺母、開(kāi)尾銷(xiāo)或者安全銷(xiāo)固定就位。

J.The lockout / tagout procedure should be used when working on power tongs.當(dāng)維護(hù)維修動(dòng)力大鉗的時(shí)候，要采取安全保險(xiǎn)措施（鎖死），并且有警示標(biāo)志。

J.Tongs should be inspected for stress cracks as per manufacturer’s recommended inspection and maintenance programs.Qualified inspectors should carry out tong inspections.要按照生產(chǎn)廠家的要求來(lái)檢查大鉗，防止出現(xiàn)應(yīng)力裂紋。必需安排合格人員檢查大鉗。

K.Drawworks Line Pull Level – Line pull should be level with tong to reduce stress on the tong from this operation.Breakout/makeup tong arm should be as close as possible to a 90-degree angle to the line of pull.拉繩要擺平---大鉗上的上卸扣拉繩要盡量和大鉗對(duì)平，以減少操作中大鉗的應(yīng)力。上扣和卸扣時(shí)，大鉗臂要盡量與拉繩擺成90度。

3.6 Rotary Table Area 轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)區(qū)域

A.The rotary table area should be constructed or covered with a non-skid material.轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)附近的區(qū)域應(yīng)該是用防滑材料建造。

B.Hoses, ropes and lines should be clear of the rotary table and adjoining rotating equipment while it is in motion.轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)附近不要放置軟管、繩索和鋼絲繩等，因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)盤(pán)一旦工作，這些東西會(huì)被轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)纏住。

C.When not in use, the pipe tongs should be secured away from the rotary table.當(dāng)不使用大鉗的時(shí)候，大鉗要遠(yuǎn)離轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)并且固定住。

D.If the rotary table is removed, the pick-up lines should be of sufficient strength and condition, and placed evenly around the block hook to ensure a level lift.吊裝轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)時(shí)，提升鋼絲繩要有足夠的強(qiáng)度，往大鉤上掛鋼絲繩時(shí)，要確保水平起吊。

E.Rotary and motion compensator hoses should be equipped with safety lines at both ends.要把水龍帶和其它運(yùn)動(dòng)的補(bǔ)償軟管（帶）的兩端用安全繩鏈固定綁牢。F.Safety lines should be used to secure cementing or fracturing bumper hoses to an immovable object such as pump base or sub base.在進(jìn)行固井或者井下壓裂作業(yè)時(shí)，要確保緩沖軟管與固定設(shè)備連接，比如泵底座、井架底座。

G.Hoses should be inspected periodically and maintained to manufacturer’s specifications.要定期檢查各種軟管與水龍帶，并為達(dá)到廠家的技術(shù)規(guī)范。

H.Rotary slip bushings should be locked in the rotary at all times.轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)的卡瓦補(bǔ)芯要始終放在轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)內(nèi)。

3.7 Equipment Guarding 設(shè)備防護(hù)

A.All moving machinery that presents a hazard to employees working in its proximity should be adequately guarded.所有運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)械設(shè)備，如果對(duì)工作人員造成危險(xiǎn)，就應(yīng)該加護(hù)罩。B.Any removed guard should be replaced before the machinery is returned to operation.任何挪走的護(hù)罩，在設(shè)備開(kāi)動(dòng)前，必須恢復(fù)就位。

C.Lockout and or tag-out procedures should be used before removing guards.在挪動(dòng)護(hù)罩前，要采取安全保護(hù)措施，并且有警示標(biāo)志。D.All piping that could cause burns should be insulated or guarded.所有可能導(dǎo)致起火和燃燒的管子都必須采取絕緣和加罩。

E.All portable tools with exposed moving parts should be equipped with proper guards.所有的可以移動(dòng)的工具中，如果有運(yùn)動(dòng)部分或者運(yùn)動(dòng)件，對(duì)必須加防護(hù)罩。L.If expanded metal is used to fabricate equipment guards, the openings should be of a size(1/2 inch)that will prevent a person’s fingers from going through it.如果用鐵皮等軟質(zhì)材料來(lái)做設(shè)備的護(hù)罩，則護(hù)罩開(kāi)口縫隙尺寸不能讓人的手指進(jìn)入通過(guò)（1/2英寸）。

3.8 Derricks and Masts 井架（塔形井架與A形井架）

A.Inspections of the derrick or masts should be performed periodically.定期檢查井架

B.The pipe racking fingers should be kept straight and properly secured.A safety cable or chain should be attached to each finger.各種管架的橫擋要平直、穩(wěn)固，必要時(shí)要使用安全繩（鏈）將每個(gè)橫擋固定好。

C.Drill collar tieback ropes should be secured to a derrick or mast member.拉鉆鋌的繩索必須固定在井架上。

D.As each stand of drill pipe is set in the fingers it should be tied back or secured in the finger.當(dāng)把每一根鉆桿立柱往管架上拉靠后，要將立柱固定好。

E.Personnel should not be in the mast or derrick when pulling or jarring on stuck pipe.當(dāng)進(jìn)行解卡作業(yè)時(shí)，無(wú)關(guān)的工作人員不要滯留在井架內(nèi)。

B.The derrick escape device should be visually checked by the derrickman before each trip.在每次進(jìn)行起下鉆操作時(shí)，必須用肉眼檢查檢查井架工的逃生裝置。C.Safety lines should be attached to all sheaves hanging in the derrick(i.e.tong, hoist, catline, etc.)These lines should be inspected frequently.各種安全繩索（大鉗上的、提升設(shè)備上的和貓頭繩等），必須裝在懸掛于井架上的滑輪中，這些繩索必須經(jīng)常檢查。

D.A full body safety harness and lifeline should be provided and used by each employee who works more than six feet above the drill floor.如果員工在鉆臺(tái)面六英尺以上高空作業(yè)，必須穿戴完備，系上保險(xiǎn)繩。E.The derrickman should wear a full body harness that is attached to a fall arrest device as well as positioning rope.All derrick safety harnesses should be the full-body type and inspected frequently.A backup should be provided if the one in use becomes defective.井架工作業(yè)時(shí)，必須穿戴完備，系上保險(xiǎn)繩。所有的安全保護(hù)措施必須齊備，并且經(jīng)常檢查。同時(shí)必須有一套備用。

F.The derrickman should inspect the monkey board before its use.井架工在作業(yè)之前，必須檢查井架二層臺(tái)。

K Any time the derrickman plans to connect to the ladder-climber assist/anti-fall device, or do anything other than routine operations, the driller should be notified.如果井架工在井架上安裝梯子護(hù)欄 / 防止摔落安全設(shè)施，或者進(jìn)行其它非正常的操作，司鉆要密切關(guān)注，以防意外。

3.9 Pipe Racks and Bins 管子架與儲(chǔ)存盒

A.Each layer of tubulars should be secured to avoid movement.管子的每一層都必須固定好，避免移動(dòng)。B.Pipe racks should be inspected periodically.定期檢查管子支架。

C.Pipe racks and bins should be level.管子架和管子盒應(yīng)該放平。

D.Personnel should not be on the catwalk when tubulars or other equipment is being hoisted to the rig floor.當(dāng)往鉆臺(tái)上起吊各種管子和其它設(shè)備時(shí)，員工不要站在坡（貓）道上。3.10 Derrickman’s Escape Device 井架工逃生裝置

A.Derrickman’s escape device should be installed during rig up and should be operable when the mast is raised.在安裝鉆機(jī)時(shí)，必須安裝井架工逃生裝置，一旦井架安裝完畢，該設(shè)施就應(yīng)該能夠使用。

B.The derrickman should perform a visual inspection of the escape device and escape line before each trip in or out of the hole.井架工在進(jìn)行起下鉆作業(yè)之前，必須用肉眼檢查逃生裝置和逃生路線。C.The device should be used only in the event of an emergency.該設(shè)施僅在緊急情況下使用。

D.The safety device should be inspected prior to rigging up and periodically 該設(shè)施在安裝前要檢查，并且定期檢查。

3.11 Drilling Line, Crown Block and Traveling Block 大繩、天車(chē)和游車(chē) A.Derrickmen should never touch the active line while traveling blocks are moving.當(dāng)游動(dòng)滑車(chē)運(yùn)動(dòng)，井架工不要摸活繩。

B.Drilling lines should be visually inspected daily for wear and breaks.每天用肉眼檢查鉆井大繩磨損和斷絲情況。

C.The drilling line should not be allowed to rub against other objects that may cause damage.鉆井大繩不允許其它物品摩擦，避免損傷。D.Drilling line is stiff and can flip when being cut.在切割大繩時(shí)，鋼絲很堅(jiān)硬，會(huì)彈起來(lái)傷人。

E.The deadline anchor bolts should be checked periodically to ensure that they are properly torqued.定期檢查死繩固定器螺栓，確保其擰緊。

F.All excess drilling line should be spooled up off the ground or deck.所有剩余的鋼絲繩要盤(pán)起來(lái)，不要堆在地上或者臺(tái)面上。

G.Crown sheaves and traveling block should be inspected and lubricated each day.每天都要檢查和潤(rùn)滑天車(chē)滑輪和游動(dòng)滑車(chē)。

H.A slip-and cut-program should be followed.Calculate the ton-miles and follow the slip-and-cut program as recommended by the drilling line manufacturer.按照規(guī)定程序步驟進(jìn)行倒大繩作業(yè)，按照鋼絲繩生產(chǎn)廠家的要求計(jì)算噸-英里載荷量。

I.The line guide cable and rollers should be inspected each tour to determine their condition.每個(gè)工作班都要排繩器的繩索和滑輪滾子，確保其狀態(tài)良好。3.12 Drawworks, Brakes, Clutches 絞車(chē)、剎車(chē)、離合器

A.All rig personnel should be instructed in how to shut down the drawworks and rotary table in the event of an emergency.所有的井隊(duì)人員都要學(xué)會(huì)在緊急情況下關(guān)掉絞車(chē)和轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)。

B.All guards should remain in place at all times and be kept in good condition.Guards should only be removed for maintenance or repair(follow lockout/tagout procedures)and replaced prior to putting back in operation.所有的設(shè)備護(hù)罩都必須就位完好，只有在進(jìn)行維護(hù)和維修的時(shí)候才能取下，應(yīng)該在作業(yè)之前更換各種護(hù)罩（按照 鎖死（安全保險(xiǎn)）/ 警示標(biāo)志 要求實(shí)施）。C.Only designated personnel should operate the drawworks.只有指定人員才能操作絞車(chē)。

D.While operating the drawworks, the operator should not be distracted.操作絞車(chē)時(shí)，操作人員不允許走神，必須專(zhuān)心。

E.The driller should supervise all drawwork repairs.Do not start up other operations until repairs are completed and guards are in place.司鉆必須監(jiān)督所有的絞車(chē)維修工作，維修完成，護(hù)罩就位后才能重新操作。F.Defective zerk and alemite fittings should be replaced.及時(shí)更換各種損壞、實(shí)效的聯(lián)結(jié)部件。

G.The brake blocks, linkage, pins, cotter keys, etc.should be checked periodically.定期檢查剎車(chē)部分、剎車(chē)帶、各種固定銷(xiāo)健等。

H.The crown-o-matic should be visually checked at tour change and function tested at first opportunity.It should be reset and checked after drill line is cut and slipped.每次換班時(shí)，要用肉眼檢查防碰天車(chē)裝置，并測(cè)試。每次倒完大繩；應(yīng)該重新調(diào)試防碰天車(chē)。

3.13 Mud Pumps and Equipment 泥漿泵與設(shè)備

A.Caution should be used when working around high-pressure components.在高壓設(shè)備附近工作要有相應(yīng)的防范預(yù)警措施。

B.Lockout/tagout procedures should be used when repairing or maintaining equipment.當(dāng)修理和維護(hù)設(shè)備時(shí)，要采取安全保險(xiǎn)和警示措施。

C.Mud pumps should have pressure relieving safety(pop off valve)devices.There should not be any valves or other restrictions placed in the pressure release relief line.Shear pins recommended by the manufacturer are the only pins that are to be used in shear pin type pop off valves.Pressure relief device cover should be in place.泥漿泵應(yīng)該有安全閥（泄壓閥），在安全泄壓管線上不能有任何閥和障礙。安全閥上的安全銷(xiāo)子必須使用廠家推薦的，安全閥的防護(hù)蓋必須就位完好。D.Liners should not be removed from or seated in a pump by running the pump or by applying hydraulic, pneumatic or gas pressure.不能在泵運(yùn)行，或者有液體壓力、氣體壓力情況下裝卸泥漿泵缸套。E.Guards should be in place and secured while a pump is in operation.當(dāng)泥漿泵工作時(shí)，泥漿泵護(hù)罩必須就位固定好

F.Studs and nuts on the fluid end should be maintained in good condition and kept tight.泥漿泵液力端的各種螺栓和螺母必須完好，緊固。

G.Good housekeeping and lighting should be maintained around the mud pumps.泥漿泵附近的泵房設(shè)施和照明必須完備良好。

H.Discharge lines coming from the pump should be snubbed off.泥漿泵的排出管線必須平滑。

3.14 Mud Pits and Equipment 泥漿池與設(shè)備

A.Mud pits may be considered confined spaces so proper precautions should be taken.32 泥漿罐之間要有合理的間距，以便采取各種防范措施。

B.High-pressure fittings and lines should be properly rated for the expected working pressures.各種承受高壓的接頭何管線，必需滿(mǎn)足工作壓力的要求。C.Mud gun unions and connections should be kept tight.各種泥漿攪拌設(shè)備的聯(lián)結(jié)部件必須緊密。

D.Only designated employees should be allowed to operate mud guns.泥漿攪拌設(shè)備必須由專(zhuān)人來(lái)操作。

E.Walkways should be kept clear of tripping hazards.泥漿罐上的通道不能有障礙物。

F.Electrical equipment should be located to prevent contact with fluids.避免電器設(shè)備與鉆井液接觸。

G.Caustic soda should be added to water slowly to avoid splashing and should be mixed using a mixture tank or barrel.往水里加入燒堿的時(shí)候，要慢慢加入，避免濺出傷人。要使用攪拌桶或者攪拌罐。

H.When mixing chemicals employees should follow precautions as stated on the manufacturer’s MSDS and warning labels.Chemicals that are not compatible should not be mixed together.在攪拌處理泥漿用的化學(xué)品時(shí)，操作人員必須按照產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)廠家安全數(shù)據(jù)表上的要求或者說(shuō)明書(shū)要求進(jìn)行，不相容的化學(xué)品不能混合。

I.Approved explosion-proof lighting fixtures should be installed on mud pits.泥漿罐上要安裝有安全許可的防爆照明設(shè)備。

J.The agitator’s power source should be isolated and locked out before entering the mud pits.攪拌設(shè)備必須絕緣良好，進(jìn)入泥漿罐的電線必須有安全保險(xiǎn)措施（安全鎖）。K.At the mud mixing hopper or mixing location, the following items should be available for the employee’s use:

再混合漏斗和混合作業(yè)場(chǎng)地，必須為操作人員提供下列內(nèi)容： 1.Eye protection.眼部防護(hù)用具 2.Face protection.面部防護(hù)用具

3.Proper respiratory protection.呼吸道防護(hù)用具

4.Rubber gloves and apron.防護(hù)橡膠手套和圍裙 5.Eyewash station / shower, and 洗眼站和沖洗設(shè)施

6.Appropriate caution and/or danger signs.及時(shí)的安全提示和危險(xiǎn)標(biāo)記。7.MSDS for chemicals.各種化學(xué)品的安全數(shù)據(jù)表。3.15 High-Pressure Lines and Fittings 高壓管匯和配件

A.Employees should not attempt to tighten or loosen unions or other connections under pressure.Never hammer on a pipe or connection that is under pressure.操作人員在有壓力的情況下，不要上緊或者松開(kāi)聯(lián)結(jié)部分，不要用榔頭敲打管線或者聯(lián)結(jié)部分。

B.Pressure relief valves should be checked periodically as manufacturer’s recommendation.安全閥必須按照廠家的要求，定期檢查。

C.Lines or piping systems that may kick under pressure should be secured.那些在有壓力的情況下，容易產(chǎn)生爆裂的管線要妥善固定。

D.Care must be taken to ensure proper halves of hammer type unions are mated together.“1502“ threads in a two inch wing nut will appear to be completely made up to the ”602" threads on the female half but will come apart when the line is pressured up.在使用錘打聯(lián)結(jié)式的尤任連接時(shí)，要保證聯(lián)結(jié)緊密，蝶形螺母上的1502型絲口要與對(duì)接的602型絲扣完全配合，要保證在管線充壓力以后，尤任連接不出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。

E.High-pressure lines should be fitted with high-pressure fittings.高壓管線要準(zhǔn)備承受高壓的聯(lián)接件。

F.All personnel should stand clear of high-pressure lines being used during cementing, acidizing, well testing procedures, etc.在進(jìn)行固井作業(yè)、酸化作業(yè)、試井作業(yè)時(shí)，無(wú)關(guān)人員要遠(yuǎn)離高壓管線。G.Chicsan sections in high-pressure lines should be watched for leaks.Chicsan connections should be secured with a safety line.密切觀察各種高壓管匯的旋轉(zhuǎn)部分，防止?jié)B漏。必要時(shí)旋轉(zhuǎn)部分用安全繩索固定。

H.Do not stand in front of valves or bull-plugs when they are under pressure.34 在有壓力的情況下，不要站在各種高壓閥門(mén)和高壓堵頭面前。

I.Snub each end of high-pressure lines.Where possible, high-pressure lines should be snubbed to a structural part and not back to other parts of the high-pressure line.要注意讓高壓管線有緩沖，如果可能，要盡量讓高壓管線緩沖地進(jìn)入其它設(shè)施，不要返回到高壓管線的其它部分。3.16 Engines 動(dòng)力設(shè)備

A.Positive lockout measures should be provided to ensure that the source of power is not activated during the engine repair, inspection or adjustments.在設(shè)備維修、檢查或者調(diào)整時(shí)，采取有效的安全鎖死措施來(lái)保證設(shè)備不能被啟動(dòng)。

B.All exposed revolving parts such as radiator or cooling fans, belts, flexible drives, generators, water pump pulley, shafts, couplings and other moving parts should be provided with adequate guarding to prevent contact or items being caught in moving parts.Guarding removed for maintenance purposes should be replaced as soon as possible.對(duì)于一些設(shè)備，它們暴露在外運(yùn)動(dòng)部件，比如散熱器、風(fēng)扇、皮帶、萬(wàn)向軸、發(fā)電機(jī)、水泵驅(qū)動(dòng)輪、運(yùn)動(dòng)軸、聯(lián)軸器等，要有相應(yīng)的防護(hù)措施，避免與運(yùn)動(dòng)件接觸。各種護(hù)罩在打開(kāi)后，必須盡快恢復(fù)就位。

C.Spark arresting devices should be installed in engine exhaust systems.在動(dòng)力設(shè)備的排出口上要安裝火焰火花阻擋裝置。

D.Engines should be equipped with safety alarms and/or automatic shutdown controls to be activated during emergencies or operational difficulties such as overheating, low oil pressure and over speeding.動(dòng)力設(shè)備應(yīng)該配備有安全報(bào)警裝置/或者是緊急情況下或者人工操作困難情況下的自動(dòng)關(guān)閉裝置。這些情況如：過(guò)熱、油壓過(guò)低、速度過(guò)高等。

E.Exhaust manifolds and piping should be constructed, installed and maintained to prevent exhaust gases from leaking between the engine and the discharge line.廢氣排出管匯和管線維護(hù)良好，避免廢氣從動(dòng)力設(shè)備與排出管線之間泄漏。F.Areas below engine skids and beneath the sub base should be kept clear of drained motor oil and debris.動(dòng)力設(shè)備底座下面的區(qū)域應(yīng)該保持干凈，沒(méi)有各種污油和雜物。G.“Caution High Noise Area” signs should be posted and hearing protection

available in the engine area.Personnel working in high noise areas should wear adequate hearing protection.要放置“高噪聲區(qū)域”的標(biāo)志，要提供聽(tīng)力保護(hù)用具，工作在高噪聲區(qū)域的人員要戴聽(tīng)力保護(hù)用具。

3.17 Air-Operated Equipment 氣動(dòng)氣控設(shè)備

A.Air tanks should be drained frequently to prevent accumulation of moisture.各種氣灌和氣瓶要經(jīng)常清理排水，防止積水過(guò)多。

B.A valve should not be installed between the tank/compressor and the pressure relief valve.在氣罐和空氣壓縮機(jī)、安全閥之間不要安裝其它閥。

B.Compressed air used for cleaning purposes should be regulated to limit pressure.用于清洗目的壓縮空氣，要限制壓力值，避免過(guò)大。

C.Each air line should be secured to prevent it from coming loose at the connections.每一條氣管線，必須固定良好，防止在聯(lián)結(jié)部位松動(dòng)。3.18 Blowout Prevention Equipment 防噴器設(shè)備

A.Pick-up lines, eyes and shackles should be inspected for strength and condition before lifting a blowout preventer or the entire stack.在吊裝防噴器和整個(gè)防噴器組之前，要檢查吊裝繩索、吊裝扣眼和各種聯(lián)接件的強(qiáng)度和完好情況。

B.Check with the manufacturer before using any padeyes on the annular for picking up the annular and other BOP units.Most annular padeyes are designed only for picking up the weight of the annular itself.在要使用環(huán)形防噴器上的各種座眼和吊扣來(lái)吊裝防噴器和其它防噴器組前，要與設(shè)備生產(chǎn)廠家一起檢查，因?yàn)檫@些座眼和吊扣只能用來(lái)吊裝設(shè)備本身的重量。C.Blowout preventers and components should not be climbed on until they are set on the wellhead flange, the test stump, flange of another blowout preventer unit or in the stowed position.When climbing on BOP stacks, fall protection should be utilized, but not attached to the BOP.在防噴器被安裝到井口法蘭上、試油設(shè)備上、其它防噴器上或者安裝就位之前，不要在防噴器上爬上爬下。當(dāng)需要爬上防噴器時(shí)，要采取防摔到措施，并且防摔到設(shè)施不能與防噴器聯(lián)在一起。

D.While hammering up the blowout preventer, bolts and nuts, closed socket hammer wrenches of correct size, as well as sledgehammers of suitable weight and size should

be used for agility and accuracy.當(dāng)使用工具緊固防噴器、螺栓和螺母時(shí)，要選用大小合適的套筒搬手和手用大錘。

E.A rope or rubber “O” ring should be used on the hammer wrench to hold it in place when hammering.必要時(shí)，要在套筒搬手上軟繩或者橡膠圈防滑。

F.Employees should not be permitted on the blowout preventer when the stack is being pressure-tested.If during pressure testing the BOP stack, it is discovered that repairs are required, all pressure to the stack should be released before repair work is begun.當(dāng)防噴器組在進(jìn)行試壓時(shí)，員工不要站在防噴器附近。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)有必要對(duì)防噴器進(jìn)行維修時(shí)，必須先將壓力釋放掉。

G.When nippling down the blowout preventer, all hydraulic lines should be bled to zero pressure before hammering is permitted on the hydraulic unions.在拆卸防噴器時(shí)，必須先將液壓管線里的壓力全部泄掉，壓力顯示為零。H.Scaffolding and work platforms should be inspected before being utilized for access to BOP stack.為操作、維護(hù)防噴器所搭建的腳手架和工作臺(tái)要定期檢查。

I.Choke and Kill lines should be snubbed off at each end and at each connection on long vertical installations.在垂直安裝設(shè)備上連接的節(jié)流管線和壓井管線，必須有內(nèi)控管線妥善緩沖釋放。

J.BOP bolts should be long enough to allow for a full nut when fully tightened.防噴器的螺栓必須足夠長(zhǎng)，便于螺母緊到位。

K.Be sure that the proper ring gasket is used.Ring gaskets should not be reused.使用大小合適的密封圈，密封圈不能重復(fù)使用。

3.19 BOP Accumulators, Pulsation and Suction Dampeners

防噴氣蓄能器、蓄能器膠囊（空氣包）

A.Rig supervisors should ensure that personnel are instructed in the proper use and maintenance of accumulators, pulsation and suction dampeners.監(jiān)督必須確保有關(guān)人員正確地使用和維護(hù)防噴氣蓄能器、各種蓄能器膠囊（空氣 37 包）。

B.Toolpusher should charge accumulators and high-pressure pulsation dampeners.The pre-charge should be checked as per company policies and procedures developed in consideration of manufacturer’s specifications.隊(duì)長(zhǎng)負(fù)責(zé)給蓄能器和各種蓄能器膠囊（空氣包）預(yù)充壓力操作，預(yù)充壓力的步驟和壓力值大小要按照公司的有關(guān)要求和生產(chǎn)廠家的要求來(lái)執(zhí)行。

C.Each control on the BOP accumulator and each BOP remote unit should be clearly marked as to its exact function.防噴器蓄能器和遠(yuǎn)程控制裝置上的每一個(gè)控制閥都要注明外部功能。D.After a ram is placed in open or closed position, flag the controls;do not leave controls in neutral position.在防噴器閘板位于打開(kāi)和關(guān)閉位置后，要將控制閥固定住，避免它回到自然位置。F.The blind / shear ram control handles should be protected in a way to prevent against accidental closure.(Accumulator and Drill Floor Remote Control Units)防噴器閘板和剪切閘板的控制手柄要有安全保護(hù)措施，防止意外關(guān)閉。（蓄能器和防噴器遠(yuǎn)程控制臺(tái)也同樣如此要求。）

F.Suction and mud pump pulsation dampeners should be charged by qualified personnel as per procedures developed in consideration of manufacturer’s recommendations.吸入端和泥漿泵空氣包預(yù)充壓力要由合格人員來(lái)操作，并且按照廠家的要求執(zhí)行。

3.20 Stabbing Board（套管）扶正對(duì)扣臺(tái)

A.Stabbing board and components should be inspected periodically and prior to use.套管對(duì)扣扶正臺(tái)及相關(guān)設(shè)備部件，要定期檢查，在使用以前還要檢查。B.The stabbing board is to be properly installed and safety lines attached as required.對(duì)扣臺(tái)要安裝穩(wěn)當(dāng)，必要時(shí)，要配備安全繩。

C.Stabbing board locking devices should be provided such that: 對(duì)扣臺(tái)的鎖緊裝置應(yīng)該按照下面的要求來(lái)設(shè)置：

1.One locking device operates when the lifting handle is in neutral.當(dāng)提升操作手柄處于自然位置時(shí)，一個(gè)鎖緊裝置作用。2.One locking device operates if the hoisting mechanism fails.當(dāng)提升操作沒(méi)有成功，另一個(gè)鎖緊裝置作用。

3.Both devices are independent of each other.兩個(gè)鎖緊裝置是相互獨(dú)立的。3.21 Handling Tubulars 操作各種管子

A.When stabbing tubulars, personnel are to keep their hands and fingers from between the pin and box of the two joints of tubulars.在進(jìn)行管子對(duì)扣作業(yè)時(shí)，操作人員不要將手和手指放在接頭公扣和母扣之間。B.Joints of drill pipe that are to be added to or removed from the drill string should not be allowed to remain in the mousehole while hoisting or lowering pipe during a trip.在進(jìn)行起下鉆作業(yè)時(shí)，不要把將下入或者起出的鉆桿放在小鼠洞內(nèi)。C.Each stand of drill pipe being hoisted from the rig floor should be held back as the pipe is lifted so it will not swing freely across the rig floor.起鉆時(shí)，起出的立根要扶著就位，不要讓它在鉆臺(tái)上自由晃動(dòng)。

D As the person tailing the pipe gives the stand to the stabber, each should keep their hands from between the tongs and pipe.當(dāng)操作人員拖著管子對(duì)扣的時(shí)候，不要把手放在大鉗和管子之間。

E.The driller’s view of the drill pipe in the rotary table should not be obstructed at any time.在任何時(shí)候不要阻擋司鉆對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)內(nèi)鉆桿的視線。

F.When setting pipe back, it should be racked by pushing against the outer face of the pipe.Do not get fingers caught in between pipes(collars).Feet should be kept away from beneath the pipe as it is set down.當(dāng)推動(dòng)鉆桿進(jìn)入鉆桿盒內(nèi)時(shí)，要推鉆桿向外的一側(cè)，不要把手放在管子之間，管子下放就位時(shí)，腳下要躲開(kāi)。

G.Feet should not be placed beneath the pipe when rabbiting drill pipe or tubing.Never put feet directly under pipe, especially when using YT type elevators.當(dāng)通鉆桿或者其它管子時(shí)，腳不要放在管子下面。尤其在使用YT型吊卡時(shí)，不要把腳放在管子下面。

H.When rabbiting tubulars, crewmen should face away from the pipe rack to avoid possible eye injury, even though eye protection is being worn during this operation.盡管在進(jìn)行通管作業(yè)時(shí)，操作人員戴有護(hù)目器具，但是，還要注意與管架保持距離，避免傷害眼睛。

I.Feet, knees and hands should not be placed on the underside of a drill collar clamp while the clamp is being tightened onto a drill collar in the rotary table.當(dāng)用鉆鏈安全卡瓦對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)內(nèi)的鉆鋌緊扣時(shí)，腳、膝蓋和手不要放在卡瓦的下面。J.A drill collar clamp secured to a drill collar should be removed prior to hoisting the collar so as not be hoisted overhead height into the derrick.在起吊鉆鋌之前，要將鉆鋌用安全卡瓦拿開(kāi)，起吊鉆鋌高度不要超過(guò)頭頂。K.When setting the drill bit into a bit breaker, hands and feet should not be placed on the bit breaker while the bit and collar are guided into the bit breaker opening.Feet should not be used to adjust the lock on the bit breaker.當(dāng)把鉆頭和鉆鋌往鉆頭盒里引導(dǎo)時(shí)，手和腳不要往上放，不要用腳來(lái)調(diào)整鉆頭盒上的固定裝置。

L.Stabilizers, wall scrapers or pup joints being added into the drill string should be set on the rotary table unsupported by a hoist line.通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)往鉆具上安裝扶正器、井眼刮泥器和各種短節(jié)，不使用提升機(jī)械鋼絲繩。M.Tools added or removed from the drill string should be handled with a hoist line.Tools should not be thrown or allowed to fall onto the rig floor, but laid down with a hoist line.往鉆具上裝卸各種井下工具的時(shí)候，要用提升機(jī)械鋼絲繩吊裝和下放到鉆臺(tái)上，不允許往鉆臺(tái)上扔甩。

N.Formation mud should be scraped off the drill collars or stabilizer before it is hoisted into derrick.要及時(shí)將鉆鋌和扶正器上的泥漿刮掉。

O.Employees should not peer into the bell nipple or through the rotary table when the BOP is operated.In addition, the supervisor should make sure that everyone is well away from the rotary table when the blind rams are operated.當(dāng)操作防噴器的時(shí)候，人員不要從轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)去探頭看防噴器頂部的鐘形導(dǎo)向短節(jié)（導(dǎo)管，又稱(chēng)喇叭口），當(dāng)操作防噴器閘板的時(shí)候，監(jiān)督要確保人員遠(yuǎn)離轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)。P.Casing equipment should not be rigged up until the drill pipe has been completely hoisted out of the wellbore.鉆桿全部從井眼內(nèi)全部起出后，才可以安裝下套管設(shè)備。

Q.The casing-tong safety door should not be removed so that hands and limbs will be protected from the tong’s drive works.40 不要移走套管鉗的安全口，這樣可以保護(hù)手和身體。

R.A work scaffolding or platform should be constructed around the casing spider to prevent overstretching or becoming off balance in order to reach the equipment.在套管頂部位置搭建一個(gè)工作臺(tái)，防止操作人員為了勾套管失去平衡跌落。S.Hands should not be placed on top of the casing collar joint protruding from the casing slips when another joint of casing is being stabbed.Hands should be kept on the outside of the casing at all times.當(dāng)套管接頭對(duì)扣時(shí)，手不要放在從套管卡瓦伸出來(lái)的套管上方，手隨時(shí)都要放在套管的外面。

T.When lowering the casing elevators over a joint of casing in the derrick, the driller should be aware of the derrick stabber’s hands to prevent catching them between the elevators and the joint of casing.當(dāng)下放套管吊卡到套管單根的時(shí)候，司鉆要小心不要把對(duì)扣人員的手夾在吊卡和套管接頭之間。

U.Single joint casing pick-up elevators of the correct size should be used and should have a safety pin attached by chain.使用正確尺寸的套管吊卡，用保險(xiǎn)鏈條將吊卡安全銷(xiāo)固定好。

V.When removing cores from a core barrel on the drill floor, employees should not place their hands or feet under the core barrel opening.當(dāng)把巖芯從巖芯筒內(nèi)取出時(shí)，操作人員的手和腳不要放在取芯筒的開(kāi)口下面。SECTION FOUR – FIRE PREVENTION, FIRE FIGHTING AND FIRE CONTROL

第四部分：火災(zāi)預(yù)防、滅火和控制 4.0 Fire Prevention 火災(zāi)預(yù)防

A.Smoking should only be allowed in the designated areas.These areas should be established after a review of the rig or location(100 feet from well bore when possible.)Signs printed in English and the predominant local language should be present in these areas.All employees and visitors should observe “No-Smoking” rules.只能在指定場(chǎng)所吸煙，對(duì)井場(chǎng)考察后，專(zhuān)門(mén)劃定吸煙場(chǎng)所（如果可能，在離井口100英尺以外），用英語(yǔ)和當(dāng)?shù)刂饕Z(yǔ)言指示說(shuō)明，所有的員工都要遵守不隨意吸煙的規(guī)定。

B.Welding or burning should not be done outside the designed welding area without a hot work permit.All hot work, including welding, should cease in the event that hazardous conditions develop.沒(méi)有特殊允許，不要在指定區(qū)域以外進(jìn)行電焊或者見(jiàn)火作業(yè)。因?yàn)殡姾钢?lèi)的見(jiàn)火作業(yè)，會(huì)引發(fā)危險(xiǎn)事故。

C.A fire watch with a fire extinguisher should be present during welding and cutting operations that are done outside the designated welding area.在指定區(qū)域以外進(jìn)行電焊、切割等操作時(shí)，防火員要在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，準(zhǔn)備好滅火器。D.Oil, diesel or petrochemicals that can ignite should be prevented from collecting beneath engine skids, in cellars or in other areas.在動(dòng)力設(shè)備底座下、庫(kù)房和其它重要區(qū)域，不要集中存放各種易燃易爆的油品、石油化學(xué)品等。

E.Explosion-proof covers on fixtures should be maintained in proper working order.各種固定的防暴護(hù)罩必須完備良好。

E.Refueling operations should include a bonding and grounding system.All piping and connections should be checked to ensure against leakage.加油作業(yè)要接地線（防靜電），所有的管線和聯(lián)接件都必須檢查確保沒(méi)有泄漏。G.Electrical circuits should not be overloaded.Vapor-proof lighting with clean gasketted cover-globes and safety lines should be used.各種電路不要過(guò)載，防水照明設(shè)施要干凈，線路要安全可靠。

H.Only approved rig heaters or fans that are appropriate for the hazard classification of the area should be used.No direct or open flame heating devices should be used on or near the rig floor.合格的加熱器和風(fēng)扇只能在符合安全要求的區(qū)域使用，在鉆臺(tái)附近不能使用明火加熱器裝置。

J.Keep supply, storage, and changing rooms clean and in order.Greasy clothing, rags, paper, or any other combustible material should be removed from these areas and cleaned or properly disposed of.Good housekeeping should be enforced.保持材料供應(yīng)間、存放間和換衣間等場(chǎng)合干凈，整齊。管理或處理好各種帶有油污的衣服、抹布、紙張或者其它易燃易爆物品，加強(qiáng)房間的有序管理。L.Investigate any unusual odor, especially smoke or gas.警覺(jué)和分析任何異味，尤其是煙味和天燃?xì)馕丁?/p>

L.All storage tanks that contain combustible or flammable liquids or gasses should be located so they will not add to a fire on the rig.All tanks should be labeled as to contents and properly grounded.所有裝有易燃易爆液體和氣體的瓶灌，應(yīng)該遠(yuǎn)離鉆機(jī)設(shè)備，對(duì)設(shè)備不造成危險(xiǎn)。注明灌內(nèi)的材料名稱(chēng)，并且接地線（防止靜電）。

M.Material used for cleaning should have a flash point of not less than 100o F(38o C)用于清潔的各種材料的閃電點(diǎn)應(yīng)該在華氏100度（攝氏38度以上）。N.Burning of trash should not be allowed on the rig or location.Where permitted, approved incinerators should be used.在鉆機(jī)和井場(chǎng)上，不允許燒垃圾。如果必須燒，要使用焚燒裝置。O.Areas affected by the flare should be free of combustibles.Where possible a minimum 100ft safety zone should be established.受火焰影響的區(qū)域杜絕任何易爆材料，如果可能，應(yīng)該建立一個(gè)最小 100 英尺的安全區(qū)。4.1 Fire Protection 火災(zāi)預(yù)防

A.Fire protection equipment should be kept in good condition and should not be tampered with.防火設(shè)備要齊備良好，不能有任何損壞。

B.The following recommendations are aimed at maintaining the highest possible level of fire emergency preparedness.為了保持高度的戒備狀態(tài)，下面提供一些建議：

1.Training in the use and care of available fire fighting equipment should be conducted at initial employment and annually thereafter.As a minimum, one different item of fire fighting equipment should be reviewed during each fire drill that is conducted on a periodic basis.新員工要培訓(xùn)防火設(shè)備的使用和維護(hù)，往后一年一次。作為最低要求，每一件防火設(shè)備在演習(xí)時(shí)，要檢查一次。防火演習(xí)要定期舉行。

2.The supervisor should ensure that the rig has emergency procedures and employees are familiar with their duties.監(jiān)督要保證鉆機(jī)設(shè)備有緊急搶救預(yù)案，每個(gè)員工對(duì)預(yù)案中自己的崗位和職責(zé)要熟悉。

3.Fire drills should be conducted in accordance with the stated procedures and should be held periodically with a record of the activity maintained.要按照預(yù)先規(guī)定的步驟進(jìn)行防火演習(xí)，演習(xí)要定期舉行，并記錄演習(xí)情況。

4.All fire fighting equipment should be inspected periodically, tagged, and the conditions of the equipment recorded.Portable fire extinguishers and extinguishing systems should be serviced according to the manufacturer’s recommendation.Once an extinguisher is discharged, it should be replaced and taken out of service immediately until it is re-serviced.所有的防火設(shè)備要定期檢查，標(biāo)注檢查時(shí)間，記錄設(shè)備的狀況。要按照生產(chǎn)廠家的建議來(lái)使用便攜式滅火器或其它滅火設(shè)備。一旦滅火器泄漏，要更換，在修好以前，不要使用。

5.Quick access to fire fighting equipment should be available at all times and materials should not be placed on or in front of the hose stations, water monitors or extinguishers.保證隨時(shí)能夠快捷地拿到各種防火設(shè)備，在水龍帶、防火水源和滅火器前面，不要堆放物品。

6.Fire blankets should be located in the galley, welding shop and/or other designed areas.在廚房、電焊間和其它指定的地方要放置防火的罩布等用具。7.During inspections, close attention should be paid to the underside of fire extinguishers.Moisture can cause this area to rust and, if left unchecked, the bottom can blow out, causing serious injury.檢查防火設(shè)備，要特別注意滅火器的底部，潮濕容易使底部生銹，如果不檢查，嚴(yán)重時(shí)，底部會(huì)泄漏，造成嚴(yán)重傷害。

8.Fire extinguishers should be hung up or placed in brackets designed for the extinguisher.滅火器要懸掛或者放置在專(zhuān)用的支架上。4.2 Fire Control 火災(zāi)控制

Using a portable fire extinguisher use the P A S S system – it can be a helpful reminder of the correct steps to follow when attempting to extinguish a fire: 遵照PASS操作系統(tǒng)的要求來(lái)使用便攜式滅火器，這樣在滅火的時(shí)候，能夠保證操作步驟正確：

1.Pull the pin 拔安全銷(xiāo)

2.Aim low;point at the base of the fire 低放，對(duì)準(zhǔn)火焰底部 3.Squeeze the handle 按動(dòng)手柄

4.Sweep from side to side keeping the extinguisher aimed at the base of the fire.對(duì)著火焰根部，從一側(cè)向另一側(cè)撲滅。

SECTION FIVE – WELDING, CUTTING AND COMPRESSED GAS & OXYGEN CYLINDERS

第五部分：焊接、切割和壓縮空氣 / 氧氣瓶

5.0 General Precautions – Welding, Cutting and Other Spark/Flame Producing Operations 一般預(yù)防：電焊、氣焊切割、其它遭遇火花 / 火焰的作業(yè)/

A.All welding, grinding and cutting operations should be prohibited during certain operations, such as when encountering well control problems or testing, unless it can be determined by the operator’s representative or contractor’s representative that such an operation could be carried out safely.Hot Work Program should be followed.在進(jìn)行某些作業(yè)如：井控作業(yè)和測(cè)試等，要禁止電焊、磨碎（容易起火花）和切割等工作，除非得到甲方或者乙方代表的許可，在這種情況下，要按照有關(guān)作業(yè)要求來(lái)進(jìn)行。

E.To control or eliminate fire hazards, good housekeeping should be maintained in and around areas of welding, cutting or grinding.為了消除火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)，在電焊、磨碎和切割等工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)附近，要擺放和管理好各種物品。，C.In the event that the work area is located in a confined space, ventilation and other safety systems should be provided to ensure the area is safe.A Confined Space Entry Permit should be issued and include initial and on going atmospheric testing.如果在危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域內(nèi)作業(yè)，要有通風(fēng)和其它措施，以確保安全。要履行相關(guān)的登記手續(xù)，作業(yè)前和作業(yè)中，要對(duì)大氣進(jìn)行安全檢測(cè)。

F.Welding or burning should not be allowed on any structural member of a rig, mast, well control equipment, tubulars, high-pressure systems or lifting apparatus without management approval.沒(méi)有特別許可，不允許在下列設(shè)備上面進(jìn)行電焊、燃燒等作業(yè)，它們是：鉆機(jī)設(shè)備、井架、井控設(shè)備、各種管子、高壓系統(tǒng)、提升設(shè)備等。

E.Fire prevention equipment should be located in the proximity of the welding and cutting operating area.An employee trained as a Fire Watch should be present and be ready to use the extinguisher if needed.45 在進(jìn)行電焊、切割作業(yè)時(shí)，附近要有防火設(shè)備，同時(shí)工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)要有一名防火員，隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備需要時(shí)用滅火器撲火。

F.Fumes, gases and dust fumes produced by the electric welding process can be toxic and may require local source extraction.電焊作業(yè)中產(chǎn)生的各種煙霧、氣體和煙塵具有毒性，需要妥善處理。G.A welding process generates a tremendous amount of heat.A welder may be exposed to a heat stress situation as a result of the process.電焊作業(yè)會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的熱，電焊工會(huì)遭遇受熱高溫作業(yè)。

H.The welding area should always be equipped with a fire blanket and a well-stocked first aid kit.電焊作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)該隨時(shí)配備滅火毯和急救箱等。5.1 Protective Equipment 預(yù)防設(shè)備

A.When arc welding, the welder should use a shield or helmet that will protect both the eyes and the skin.The proper shade shield should be used based on the particular operation being performed.在進(jìn)行電弧焊作業(yè)時(shí)，電焊工要穿戴防護(hù)面罩和眼鏡來(lái)保護(hù)皮膚和眼睛。根據(jù)特定的作業(yè)，配備相應(yīng)的遮陽(yáng)光器具。

B.Proper welding gloves, arm coverings, and aprons should be used at all times.Safety footwear should also be worn to protect the feet from contact with heat and sparks.穿戴專(zhuān)用手套、袖套和圍裙，穿安全靴，防止熱和火花傷腳。

C.Ears should be protected from sparks or slag entering the ear to the degree possible.佩戴耳朵防護(hù)用具，預(yù)防火花和焊渣進(jìn)入耳部。

D.Ventilation or proper respiratory protection should be utilized when cutting or welding on metals that might produce harmful fumes.在切割或者焊接金屬的時(shí)候，會(huì)產(chǎn)生有毒煙霧，要注意通風(fēng)或者配備呼吸保護(hù)設(shè)施。

5.2 Preparatory – Precautions 事先預(yù)防：提示警告

A.The welder should do his best to prevent sparks, flames or hot slag from being blown into or falling upon any combustible material or equipment likely to be ignited or damaged.在作業(yè)中，電焊工要盡量避免火化、煙霧和熱電焊渣落到易燃易爆材料和設(shè)備上，46 引發(fā)火災(zāi)或者損失。

B.Areas saturated with oil should be washed down and cleaned thoroughly to remove any ignitable substances.A gas test should be made to determine that no combustible vapors are present.在含油的場(chǎng)所，要將油清洗干凈，移走易燃易爆材料，檢查測(cè)試作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)是否有易燃易爆氣體。

C.Cutting or welding should not be conducted on pipelines, containers, tanks, or other vessels which may have contained flammable substances until they have been thoroughly cleaned.不要在裝有易燃材料的管線、容器、罐等設(shè)施上進(jìn)行切割或者電焊作業(yè)。D.In confined areas where there is a possibility of combustible vapors being present, gas tests should be made before approval is given to begin work.Periodic gas tests should be made during the time the work is in progress.在封閉的環(huán)境內(nèi)作業(yè)前，要檢查測(cè)試是否有易燃易爆氣體存在，在作業(yè)進(jìn)行中還有定期檢查測(cè)試。

E.When cutting or welding, a fire watch should be assigned.在進(jìn)行切割和電焊作業(yè)時(shí)，防火員應(yīng)該在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。

F.When cutting or welding has to be done on bulkheads or overhead structures, the adjacent spaces should be cleared of combustibles and/or flammables before allowing the work to begin.當(dāng)在一些復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)場(chǎng)合作業(yè)時(shí)，作業(yè)前要將附近的易燃易爆材料和物品清理干凈。

G.Whenever Perforating Guns, Jet Cutters, Chemical Cutters, etc., are being armed, welding operations should be suspended and machines turned off until these pieces of equipment are well below the mud line.The wire line operator in charge should notify everyone when it is safe to continue work.The same procedure should be followed when the equipment is pulled out of the hole.當(dāng)使用長(zhǎng)電焊槍、噴射聚能切割槍、化學(xué)切割槍等特殊電焊作業(yè)設(shè)備的時(shí)候，要采用懸空式的電焊作業(yè)手段，要先關(guān)掉各種電焊設(shè)備，等把電焊設(shè)備擺放在泥漿管線的下方以后，方可開(kāi)始作業(yè)。有關(guān)人員要及時(shí)通報(bào)給每個(gè)人什么時(shí)候作業(yè)才安全。當(dāng)各種井下工具從井內(nèi)起出以后，進(jìn)行此類(lèi)電焊作業(yè)時(shí)，也要按此要求來(lái)執(zhí)行。

5.3 Specific Precautions – Arc Welding 特殊提示：電弧焊

A.All rig personnel should be advised not to watch the arc, or the reflections off the wall as this can also cause eye burns.In order to prevent eye injuries, the welder should give the workers nearby a warning and time to protect their eyes before striking an arc.提醒所有的人員不要看電焊弧光，以及弧光從墻上反射回來(lái)的光線，避免傷害眼睛。為了保護(hù)眼睛，電焊工在作業(yè)前，要提醒周?chē)娜藛T，并給他們留出準(zhǔn)備防護(hù)的時(shí)間。

B.All work to be arc welded should be adequately grounded.The earth return lead should be hooked up between the electric welding plant and the point of welding.It should not be permitted to use any part of the rig structure as a return lead.所有的焊接件都要接好地線，在電焊設(shè)備和焊點(diǎn)之間掛好地線導(dǎo)線。C.The rod should not be left in the electrode holder when laid down.The stub ends should be placed in a suitable container and not on the floor.不使用電焊槍的時(shí)候，電焊條不要留在電焊槍上，電焊條殘余要放入專(zhuān)門(mén)的箱內(nèi)，不允許扔在地上。

D.If an electrode holder becomes too hot to be used, an extra holder should be provided so that one can cool while the other is in use.當(dāng)電焊槍的頭部過(guò)熱，要換一把電焊槍?zhuān)^(guò)熱的電焊槍冷卻后再使用。E.The welder should keep welding cables dry and free of grease and oil to prevent premature breakdown of the insulation.電焊工要要保持電焊設(shè)備電線干燥，避免遭受油污，使電線絕緣部分過(guò)早老化。F.The welding machine should be turned off or leads disconnected from the welding machine when the equipment is not in use.當(dāng)不使用電焊設(shè)備的時(shí)候，關(guān)掉電焊機(jī)，斷開(kāi)導(dǎo)線。5.4 Specific Precautions – Gas Welding and Burning 特殊提示：氣焊與燃燒

A.When opening valves on fuel gas cylinders, the fuel gas cylinders should be opened one quarter turn only.The oxygen cylinder valve should be fully open.A valve wrench should be kept in close proximity while using these cylinders.打開(kāi)天燃?xì)馄康臅r(shí)候，只擰開(kāi)四分之一圈。打開(kāi)氧氣瓶的時(shí)候，要全部打開(kāi)。氣 48 瓶附近要隨時(shí)備有搬手工具。

B.In order to prevent eye injuries, welders should give workers nearby a warning and time to protect their eyes.未了避免傷害眼睛，電焊工在作業(yè)前要提醒附近的人員，給他們留出準(zhǔn)備防護(hù)的時(shí)間。

C.When discontinuing gas welding or cutting for a short time, close the oxygen and acetylene cylinder valves, bleed the line and close the torch valve.When welding or cutting is to be stopped for a longer period, you should proceed as follows: 當(dāng)斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地進(jìn)行電焊和切割作業(yè)的時(shí)候，要注意關(guān)好氧氣和乙炔氣瓶閥門(mén)，放空軟管線管和焊槍。如果長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不作業(yè)，應(yīng)該采取以下步驟： 1.Close oxygen and acetylene cylinder valves.關(guān)閉氧氣和乙炔氣瓶閥門(mén)。

2.Open torch valves to release all gas pressure from hoses and regulators.打開(kāi)焊槍的閥門(mén)，將所有的壓力氣體從軟管和調(diào)節(jié)閥中釋放。3.Close torch valves and release regulator pressure adjusting screws.關(guān)閉焊槍閥門(mén)，松開(kāi)調(diào)節(jié)閥壓力調(diào)節(jié)螺絲。

E.If welding over a drip pan, the drain line to the sump should be plugged.如果是在漏盤(pán)（斗）上進(jìn)行焊接作業(yè)，通向排泄池的管線要堵上。

F.Oxygen and acetylene valve connections should be kept clean.Do not use oil on oxygen valves or hose connections.氧氣瓶和乙炔氣瓶的閥門(mén)聯(lián)結(jié)部分要保持干凈，不要在氧氣閥門(mén)或者軟管聯(lián)結(jié)部分抹油。

F.To prevent flash backs, cylinders should have an anti-reverse flow-check valve(flame arrester)located between the regulator and hose.未了防止閃火回流，在調(diào)節(jié)器和軟管之間要安裝防止回流的單項(xiàng)閥（擋火閥）。5.5 Compressed Gas and Oxygen Cylinders – Storage 壓縮空氣瓶和氧氣瓶：存放 A.Cylinders should be properly secured in an upright position with protective caps in place at all times, except when the cylinder is in use.在不使用的時(shí)候，各種氣瓶必須垂直安全擺放，裝上防護(hù)罩。B.Stored Oxygen cylinders should be separated from fuel gas cylinders or combustible materials a minimum distance of 20 feet(6 m)or by a non-combustible barrier at least five feet high.49 備用的氧氣瓶必須與各種天燃?xì)馄炕蛘咭兹家妆牧戏珠_(kāi)，最少保持20英尺（6米距離），或者與非燃容器保持至少5英尺空間距離。

C.Oxygen and fuel gas cylinders should be protected from direct sunlight and excessive heat.氧氣瓶和天燃?xì)馄恳苊怅?yáng)光直接照射和過(guò)熱。

D.Defective cylinders should be labeled and sent back on the next available transportation.有問(wèn)題的氣瓶要標(biāo)明，下次運(yùn)輸時(shí)送回。

E.Cylinders should be stored so they do not stand or lie in water.不要將氣瓶直立或者平躺在水中。

F.Cylinders in storage should have the protective caps placed over the valves, if so equipped.如果有保護(hù)帽，存放的氣瓶在閥門(mén)上要裝保護(hù)帽，5.6 Cylinder Handling 氣瓶搬運(yùn)與安放

A.Cylinders should be labeled as to their contents.If in doubt as to the contents, test the gas.要標(biāo)注氣瓶?jī)?nèi)氣體的名稱(chēng)，如果有疑問(wèn)，一定要檢測(cè)一下。

B.Cylinders should be handled with care.Do not roll cylinders on their side.They should not be handled roughly, dropped, knocked around or used as rollers or supports.要搬運(yùn)氣瓶要小心，不允許放倒在地上滾動(dòng)，不允許野蠻搬運(yùn)、摔扔、敲打或者把氣瓶當(dāng)作滾動(dòng)和支撐用工具。

C.Protective caps should always be in place on both full and empty cylinders while they are being moved, transported or stored.在搬運(yùn)、運(yùn)輸和存放過(guò)程中，無(wú)論氣瓶有氣還是空瓶，閥門(mén)保護(hù)帽都要戴上。G.A special rack should be built for the purpose of transporting and storing oxygen and acetylene cylinders.在運(yùn)輸和存放氧氣瓶和乙炔氣瓶時(shí)，要配備專(zhuān)用架子。

G.Empty cylinders should have the valve closed, valve protection cap replaced, marked empty and returned to the vendor.空氣瓶要將閥門(mén)關(guān)好，更換閥門(mén)保護(hù)帽，標(biāo)注清楚然后送回。

F.Oil and grease should never be used to lubricate the threads on the cylinders or caps.不要用油或者機(jī)油來(lái)潤(rùn)滑氣瓶的絲扣或者保護(hù)帽。

第三篇：【實(shí)用知識(shí)】地震安全手冊(cè)(中英文對(duì)照)

【實(shí)用知識(shí)】地震安全手冊(cè)(中英文對(duì)照)

This booklet is designed to help you and your family plan for and survive a major earthquake.By taking action to be prepared, you can lessen the impact of an earthquake on your family.Set aside some emergency supplies, and teach your family what to do at home during and after a disaster.You could be without help for up to 72 hours, so learn to cope for at least that long.Movement of the ground is seldom the actual cause of death or injury.Most casualties result from partial building collapse and falling objects and debris, like toppling chimneys, falling bricks, ceiling plaster, and light fixtures.Many of these conditions are easily preventable.Because earthquakes occur without warning, it’s important to take steps now to prepare, so that you know what you can do and how to respond — constructive, protective action is possible.這本小冊(cè)子旨在幫助你和家人學(xué)會(huì)未雨綢繆，以便在大地震時(shí)逃生。事先進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備，可以減少地震帶來(lái)的沖擊。做一些適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)急儲(chǔ)備，并告訴你的家人在災(zāi)難中和災(zāi)難之后該做些什么。當(dāng)災(zāi)難發(fā)生時(shí)，你很可能在72小時(shí)之內(nèi)得不到任何救助。因此，至少要學(xué)會(huì)如何撐過(guò)72個(gè)小時(shí)。

地震中地面的移動(dòng)一般不會(huì)直接造成傷亡。大多數(shù)傷亡是由建筑物的坍塌以及物體和建筑物殘骸墜落造成。比如，倒塌的煙囪、落下的磚頭、天花板上的泥塊以及燈具等。而多數(shù)情況都是易于避免的。

地震發(fā)生前是沒(méi)有征兆的，因此，從現(xiàn)在就開(kāi)始進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備相當(dāng)重要。這樣一來(lái)，你才會(huì)知道災(zāi)難發(fā)生時(shí)該做什么，該如何應(yīng)對(duì)，如何進(jìn)行有意義的自我保護(hù)。

Have on Hand for Any Emergency – Ideas for Home, Workplace, and Car

為突發(fā)狀況準(zhǔn)備趁手的的應(yīng)急物品：家里、辦公地點(diǎn)、汽車(chē)上如何應(yīng)急

Because you don’t know where you will be when an earthquake occurs, prepare a Disaster Supplies Kit for your home, workplace, and car.因?yàn)槟悴恢赖卣鸢l(fā)生的時(shí)候自己會(huì)在哪兒，所以，在家里、辦公地點(diǎn)以及汽車(chē)上，都準(zhǔn)備一套抗災(zāi)裝備吧。

【水】

·Water.Store at least 1 gallon of water per person per day and be prepared for a 72-hour period.A normally active person needs at least ? gallon of water daily just for drinking.In determining adequate quantities, take the following into account:

每人每天至少需儲(chǔ)備1加侖(3.8升)的水，并按此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一次備夠72小時(shí)之用。一般情況下，一個(gè)活躍的正常人，光飲用，每天就需要消耗1/2加侖（1.9升）的水。為了保證足夠的量，應(yīng)考慮以下因素：

·Individual needs vary depending on age, physical condition, activity, diet, and climate.·Children, nursing mothers, and ill people need more water.·Very hot temperatures can double the amount of water needed.· A medical emergency might require more water.* 個(gè)體需求量因年齡、體質(zhì)、活動(dòng)量、飲食、氣候等而有差異。

* 兒童、哺乳期婦女、病人需水量更大。

* 高溫天氣會(huì)使需水量成倍增加。

* 醫(yī)療緊急情況會(huì)需要更多的水。

It is recommended that you buy commercially bottled water.Keep bottled water in its original container and do not open it until you need to use it.Also, pay attention to the expiration or “use by” date.建議你購(gòu)買(mǎi)一些瓶裝水。不要拆開(kāi)瓶裝水的原包裝，在必須使用之前不要打開(kāi)。另外，要注意保質(zhì)期或者最晚飲用日期。

If you choose to prepare your own containers of water, you should buy air-tight, food-grade water storage containers from surplus or camping supply stores.Before filling the containers, clean them with dish washing soap and water, and rinse them completely so that there is no residual soap.Water stored in your own containers should be replaced about every 6 months.In addition to water, have purification tablets such as Halazone and Globaline, but be sure to read the label on the bottle before using the tablets.如果你準(zhǔn)備用自己的容器裝水，你應(yīng)該從軍用品或者野營(yíng)用品專(zhuān)門(mén)店購(gòu)買(mǎi)那種不漏氣的、專(zhuān)門(mén)儲(chǔ)存食品的盛水容器。在裝水之前，要用餐具專(zhuān)用洗滌劑和水清洗容器，并用水沖凈，以免洗滌劑殘留。容器內(nèi)的水必須每6個(gè)月更換一次。除了水之外，還需要一些凈化用的藥片，比如哈拉宗（Halazone）、高碘甘氨酸（Globaline），但在使用這些藥片之前，一定要先看看瓶子上的標(biāo)簽。（譯者：請(qǐng)向?qū)I(yè)人士或醫(yī)護(hù)人員資訊上述藥品的使用?。?/p>

【食品】

·Food.It’s always a practical idea to keep a supply of non-perishable food on hand that can be rotated into your diet and replenished on a regular basis.Have a sufficient supply of canned or dehydrated food, powdered milk, and canned juices for at least 72 hours.Dried cereals and fruits and non-salted nuts are good sources of nutrition.Keep the following points in mind:

作為一個(gè)很實(shí)用的主意，應(yīng)經(jīng)常準(zhǔn)備一些不易腐壞的食品以便隨時(shí)食用。并可將其加入日常的飲食之中，并定期補(bǔ)充儲(chǔ)備。準(zhǔn)備足夠72小時(shí)之用的聽(tīng)裝食品或脫水食品、奶粉，以及聽(tīng)裝果汁。干麥片、水果和無(wú)鹽干果是很好的營(yíng)養(yǎng)源。請(qǐng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

·Avoid foods that will make you thirsty.Choose salt-free crackers, whole grain cereals, and canned goods with high liquid content.· Stock foods that do not require refrigeration, cooking, water, or special preparation.You may already have many of these on hand.· Remember to include foods for infants and special dietary needs.* 不要選擇那些讓你容易口渴的食品。選擇無(wú)鹽餅干、全麥麥片和富含流質(zhì)的罐裝食品。

* 只儲(chǔ)備無(wú)需冷藏、烹飪或特殊處理的食品。類(lèi)似食品可供選擇的有很多。

* 別忘了食品中應(yīng)包括嬰兒和特殊飲食需要者的食品。你還應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備一些廚房用具和炊具，尤其是手動(dòng)開(kāi)罐器。

You should also have kitchen accessories and cooking utensils, especially a manual can opener.【應(yīng)急燈和備用電池】

·Flashlights and spare batteries.Keep a flashlight beside your bed, at your place of work, and in your car.Do not use matches or candles after an earthquake until you are certain that no gas leaks exist.在你的床邊、工作地點(diǎn)以及車(chē)?yán)锓乓槐K應(yīng)急燈。不要在地震后使用火柴或蠟燭, 除非你能確定沒(méi)有瓦斯泄漏。

【便攜式電池供電收音機(jī)或電視機(jī)以及備用電池】

· Portable, battery-powered radio or television and spare batteries.Most telephones will be out of order or used for emergency purposes, so radios will be your best source of information.You may also want to have a battery-powered CB or other two-way radio.大多數(shù)電話將會(huì)無(wú)法使用或只能供緊急用途，所以收音機(jī)將會(huì)是你最好的信息來(lái)源。如有可能，你還應(yīng)當(dāng)準(zhǔn)備電池供電的收發(fā)報(bào)機(jī)和無(wú)線對(duì)講機(jī)。急救箱和急救手冊(cè)】

·First aid kit and manual.Keep a first aid kit at home and in your car.Also, have a manual such as Standard First Aid & Personal Safety by the American Red Cross.Have members of your household take basic first aid and CPR courses.在家里和車(chē)?yán)餃?zhǔn)備一個(gè)急救箱。同時(shí)，備一本由美國(guó)紅十字會(huì)制作的《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)急救和個(gè)人安全手冊(cè)》。讓你的家人學(xué)習(xí)一些基本的急救和人工呼吸課程。

【滅火器】

· Fire extinguishers.Keep a fire extinguisher at home and in your car.Some extinguishers are good only for certain types of fires — electrical, grease, or gas.Class ABC extinguishers are designed for safe use on any type of fire.Your fire department can show you how to use an extinguisher properly.在你的家里和車(chē)?yán)锒家鋫錅缁鹌鳌Ｒ恍缁鹌鲀H適用于特定的火源——電引發(fā)的火災(zāi)，油脂引發(fā)的火災(zāi)，或者煤氣引發(fā)的火災(zāi)等等。ABC（多用途干粉）滅火器可安全使用于任何種類(lèi)的火源。當(dāng)?shù)叵啦块T(mén)可以教你如何正確地使用滅火器。

【特殊用品】

· Special needs.Keep a supply of special needs items, such as medications, extra eyeglasses, contact lens solutions, hearing aid batteries, items for infants(formula, diapers, bottles, and pacifiers), sanitation and hygiene items(moist towelettes and toilet paper), and any items unique to your family’s needs.準(zhǔn)備必要的特殊用品，比如藥品，備用眼鏡，隱形眼鏡護(hù)理液，助聽(tīng)器電池，嬰兒物品（嬰兒食品、尿布、奶瓶和奶嘴），衛(wèi)生用品（小濕巾和手紙）等家所須的任何物品。

【重要的文件和現(xiàn)金】

·Important papers and cash.Be sure to have a supply of cash for use if ATMs, banks, and credit card systems are not operating.Also, keep copies of credit and identification cards and important documents, such as insurance policies and financial records.確保在自動(dòng)取款機(jī)、銀行和信用卡系統(tǒng)癱瘓時(shí)，有足夠的現(xiàn)金可用。同時(shí)，保留一些信用證明、身份證和一些重要文件的復(fù)印件，比如保險(xiǎn)單和財(cái)務(wù)記錄。

【工具】

· Tools.In addition to a pipe wrench and crescent wrench(for turning off gas and water valves), you should have a lighter, a supply of matches in a waterproof container, and a whistle for signaling rescue workers.除了準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)管鉗和一個(gè)可調(diào)扳手（用來(lái)關(guān)閉氣閥和水管），你要有一個(gè)打火機(jī)，一盒裝在防水盒子里的火柴和一個(gè)用來(lái)呼叫援救人員的哨子。

【衣服】

· Clothes.If you live in a cold climate, you must think about warmth.You might not have heat after an earthquake.Think about your clothing and bedding supplies.Be sure to have one complete change of clothing and shoes per person, including the following:

如果你所處的地區(qū)天氣寒冷，必須考慮到保暖。地震過(guò)后你可能無(wú)法取暖。要考慮到你的衣服和睡覺(jué)用品。確保每個(gè)人有一整套換洗的衣服和鞋子，這包括：

· jacket or coat

· long pants

· long sleeve shirt

·sturdy shoes

·hat, mittens or gloves, and scarf

· sleeping bag or warm blanket(per person)

*茄克衫或外衣

*長(zhǎng)褲

*長(zhǎng)袖衫

*結(jié)實(shí)的鞋

*帽子，手套和圍巾

*睡袋或暖毯（每人一件）

【寵物用品】

·Pet needs.Identify a shelter area for your pet, gather the necessary supplies, ensure that your pet has proper ID and up-to-date veterinarian records, and make sure you have a pet carrier and a leash.為你的寵物尋找一個(gè)安全的地點(diǎn)，準(zhǔn)備一些必需品，確保你的寵物有準(zhǔn)確的身份證明以及最新的獸醫(yī)登記，同時(shí)準(zhǔn)備好一個(gè)寵物籠和一條皮帶。

Home Preparedness

家庭抗災(zāi)準(zhǔn)備工作

In the event of an earthquake, you may be instructed to shut off the utility services at your home.Teach responsible members of your family how to turn off the gas, electricity, and water at valves and main switches.Consult your local utilities if you need more information.地震發(fā)生時(shí)，你可能會(huì)被要求關(guān)閉家中的水電設(shè)施來(lái)降低災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。平時(shí)要教會(huì)能擔(dān)負(fù)起責(zé)任的家庭成員如何關(guān)閉燃?xì)忾y門(mén)、電閘以及水閥。如果你需要更多關(guān)于水電設(shè)備的信息，請(qǐng)向當(dāng)?shù)毓╇?、供水和燃?xì)夤?yīng)部門(mén)咨詢(xún)。

Earthquake Hazard Hunt

地震隱患排查

You can identify potential dangers in your home by conducting an earthquake hazard hunt.Foresight and common sense are all that are needed as you go from room to room and imagine what would happen in an earthquake.Some possible hazards are:

你可以通過(guò)在家中進(jìn)行“地震隱患排查”來(lái)尋找地震中可能出現(xiàn)的隱患。你需要做的只是巡視你的房間，設(shè)想地震時(shí)房中會(huì)發(fā)生什么，用你的常識(shí)來(lái)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)、找出隱患。一些可能的隱患有：

· Tall, heavy furniture that could topple, such as bookcases, china cabinets, or modular wall units.· Water heaters that could be pulled away from pipes and rupture.· Appliances that could move enough to rupture gas or electrical lines.· Hanging plants in heavy pots that could swing free of hooks.·Heavy picture frames or mirrors over a bed.·Latches on kitchen or other cabinets that will not hold the door closed during shaking.·Breakables or heavy objects that are kept on high or open shelves.· A masonry chimney that could crumble and fall through an unsupported roof.· Flammable liquids, like painting or cleaning products, that would be safer in a garage or outside shed.*在地震中可能會(huì)倒塌的又高又重的家具，比如書(shū)架、瓷器柜，或是定制的組合柜。應(yīng)當(dāng)設(shè)法固定在墻壁上

*可能會(huì)從管道上脫離并碎裂的熱水器。

*可能發(fā)生移動(dòng)，扯壞煤氣管道或電線的物品。

*懸掛在高處較重的盆載植物，有可能脫鉤墜落。

*掛在床上方較重的像框或鏡子，有可能在地震中墜落。

*櫥柜或別的柜子劇烈晃動(dòng)時(shí)，柜子的插銷(xiāo)可能會(huì)松動(dòng)打開(kāi)。

*放置在高處開(kāi)放式儲(chǔ)物架上的易碎品或重物可能會(huì)墜落摔碎。

*石制煙囪可能壓垮無(wú)支撐的房頂并崩塌。

*易燃液體，如油漆及清潔劑，應(yīng)儲(chǔ)存于車(chē)庫(kù)或是室外儲(chǔ)物室中（而不是室內(nèi)）。

Take steps to correct these hazards — secure or relocate heavy items as appropriate.請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)法逐個(gè)排除這些隱患，妥善安置各種重物，把不妥的重物重新放置。

Family Earthquake Drill

家庭防震演習(xí)

It’s important to know where you should go for protection when your house starts to shake.By planning and practicing what to do before an earthquake occurs, you can condition yourself and your family to react correctly and spontaneously when the first jolt or shaking is felt.An earthquake drill can teach your family what to do in an earthquake.當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)房屋開(kāi)始搖晃時(shí)，第一時(shí)間就能確知去哪兒躲避非常重要。如果在地震發(fā)生前就做好了準(zhǔn)備和演習(xí)，你和家人就能在察覺(jué)震感的第一時(shí)間及時(shí)、正確地做出反應(yīng)。防震演習(xí)可以讓你們?nèi)抑廊绾螒?yīng)對(duì)地震。

· Each family member should know safe spots in each room.· Safe spots: The best places to be are under heavy pieces of furniture, such as a desk or sturdy table;under supported archways;and against inside walls.·Danger spots: Stay away from windows, hanging objects, mirrors, fireplaces, and tall, unsecured pieces of furniture.· Reinforce this knowledge by physically placing yourself in the safe locations.This is especially important for children.· In the days or weeks after this exercise, hold surprise drills.· Be prepared to deal with what you may experience after an earthquake — both physically and emotionally.*每個(gè)家庭成員都應(yīng)該知道各個(gè)房間的安全地點(diǎn)在哪里。

*安全地點(diǎn)：最佳安全點(diǎn)是堅(jiān)固的家具下面，例如書(shū)桌或其他硬質(zhì)桌子之下；有支撐的拱廊下，緊貼內(nèi)部承重墻的地方也較安全。

*危險(xiǎn)區(qū)：應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離窗戶(hù)、懸掛物件、鏡子、壁爐以及較高的未固定家具。

*通過(guò)親身體驗(yàn)如何在安全地點(diǎn)安身來(lái)鞏固這些知識(shí)，這點(diǎn)對(duì)兒童尤其重要。

*在進(jìn)行以上演練后的幾天或幾周內(nèi)，進(jìn)行緊急演練，以鞏固知識(shí)。

*做好應(yīng)付震后受災(zāi)情況的身心準(zhǔn)備。

How To Ride Out the Earthquake

如何安全渡過(guò)地震

Limit your movements during an earthquake to a few steps to a nearby safe place.Stay indoors until the shaking has stopped and you are sure it is safe to leave.當(dāng)?shù)卣疬€在持續(xù)時(shí)，將你的活動(dòng)范圍限制在周?chē)硞€(gè)安全地點(diǎn)幾步以?xún)?nèi)；在晃動(dòng)停止、確認(rèn)安全后再離開(kāi)室內(nèi)。

【如果地震時(shí)你在室內(nèi)】

If you are indoors:

· Drop, Cover, and Hold — Take cover under a sturdy desk, table, or bench, or against an inside wall, and hold on.If there is no desk or table near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch in an inside corner of the building.· Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls, and anything that could fall, such as lighting fixtures and furniture.·If you are in bed when the earthquake strikes, stay there.Hold on and protect your head with a pillow, unless you are under a heavy light fixture that could fall.In that case, move to the nearest safe place.· Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.Most injuries during earthquakes occur when people are hit by falling objects while entering or leaving buildings.· Be aware that electricity may go out or that sprinkler systems or fire alarms may turn on.·Do not use elevators.* 蹲下，尋找掩護(hù)，抓牢——利用寫(xiě)字臺(tái)、桌子或者長(zhǎng)凳下的空間，或者身子緊貼內(nèi)部承重墻作為掩護(hù)，然后雙手抓牢固定物體。如果附近沒(méi)有寫(xiě)字臺(tái)或桌子，用雙臂護(hù)住頭部、臉部，蹲伏在房間的角落。

* 遠(yuǎn)離玻璃制品、建筑物外墻、門(mén)窗、以及其他可能墜落的物體，例如燈具和家具。

* 如果地震發(fā)生時(shí)你在床上，請(qǐng)待在那里不要?jiǎng)?。抓緊枕頭保護(hù)住你的頭部。如果你上方有可能墜落的重型燈具，請(qǐng)轉(zhuǎn)移至最近的安全地帶。

* 在晃動(dòng)停止并確認(rèn)戶(hù)外安全后，方可離開(kāi)房間。地震中的大多數(shù)傷亡，是在人們進(jìn)出建筑物時(shí)被墜物擊中造成的。

* 要意識(shí)到可能會(huì)斷電，火警以及自動(dòng)噴淋裝置可能會(huì)啟動(dòng)。

* 切勿使用電梯逃生。如果地震時(shí)你在室外】

If you are outdoors:

·Stay there.·Move away from buildings, trees, streetlights, and utility wires.* 待在原地不要?jiǎng)印?/p>

* 遠(yuǎn)離建筑區(qū)、大樹(shù)、街燈和電線電纜。【如果地震時(shí)你在開(kāi)動(dòng)的汽車(chē)上】 If you are in a moving car:

· Stop as quickly as safety permits, pull to the side of the road, and stay in the car.·Avoid stopping near or under buildings, trees, overpasses, and utility wires.· Do not attempt to drive across bridges or overpasses that have been damaged.·Proceed cautiously after the earthquake has stopped, watching for road and bridge damage.* 在確保安全的情況下，盡快靠邊停車(chē)，留在車(chē)內(nèi)。

* 不要把車(chē)停在建筑物下、大樹(shù)旁、立交橋或者電線電纜下。* 不要試圖穿越已經(jīng)損壞的橋梁。

* 地震停止后小心前進(jìn)，注意道路和橋梁的損壞情況?！救绻惚焕г趶U墟下】 If you are trapped under debris: ·Do not light a match.·Do not move about or kick up dust.·Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing.·Tap on a pipe or wall so that rescuers can find you.Use a whistle if one is available.Shout only as a last resort — shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust.* 不要點(diǎn)火柴。

* 不要向周?chē)苿?dòng)，避免揚(yáng)起灰塵。

* 用手帕或布遮住口部。

* 敲擊管道或墻壁以便讓救援人員發(fā)現(xiàn)你?？赡艿脑?，請(qǐng)使用哨子。在其他方式不奏效的情況下再選擇呼喊——因?yàn)楹敖锌赡苁谷宋氪罅坑泻覊m。

When the Ground Stops Shaking

地震停止后注意事項(xiàng)

【檢查傷情】

Check for Injuries

If anyone has stopped breathing, give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.Stop any bleeding injury by applying direct pressure to the wound.Do not move seriously injured people unless they are in immediate danger of further injury.Cover injured persons with blankets to keep them warm.如果有人呼吸停止，進(jìn)行口對(duì)口人工呼吸。如有流血的外傷，立即直接壓迫傷處止血。不要移動(dòng)重傷員，除非有傷情擴(kuò)大的緊急危險(xiǎn)。用毛毯包裹傷員，以保持體溫。

Keep a battery-powered radio with you so you can listen for emergency updates and news reports.隨身攜帶用干電池供電的收音機(jī)，以獲取最新的救援消息和新聞報(bào)道。

Be aware of possible tsunamis if you live in a coastal area.Tsunamis are also known as seismic sea waves.When local authorities issue a tsunami warning, assume that a series of dangerous waves is on the way.Move inland to higher ground as quickly as possible.臨海居住的人們要警惕可能會(huì)引發(fā)的海嘯。海嘯是地震引發(fā)的海浪。若當(dāng)?shù)卣l(fā)布了海嘯預(yù)警，要意識(shí)到危險(xiǎn)的海浪正在逼近。這時(shí)要盡快撤到內(nèi)陸的高地。

Do not use the telephone unless there is a severe injury.For more detailed emergency procedures, consult your first aid manual.不要使用電話，除非傷勢(shì)嚴(yán)重。如果需要了解更詳細(xì)的急救程序，請(qǐng)查詢(xún)相關(guān)的急救指南。

Wear shoes in areas near fallen debris or broken glass.當(dāng)附近有掉落的碎片和玻璃渣時(shí)，一定要穿鞋。

【檢查隱患】

Check for Hazards

If possible, put out small fres.If not, leave your home immediately, notify the fire department if

possible, and alert your neighbors.盡可能熄滅火苗。如果火勢(shì)已無(wú)法熄滅，要迅速離開(kāi)家中，盡可能通知消防隊(duì)，并提醒鄰居。

Use a battery-powered fashlight to inspect your home.Turn the flashlight on outside, before entering, because the battery may produce a spark that could ignite leaking gas, if present.用干電池供電的手電筒檢查房屋。進(jìn)屋前就要打開(kāi)電筒，因?yàn)槿绻輧?nèi)煤氣泄漏，打開(kāi)電筒可能會(huì)引起火花。

Check gas, electrical, and water lines, and check appliances for damage.If you smell gas or see a broken line, shut off the main valve from the outside.Do not switch on the electricity again until the power company has first checked your home.Remember, if gas is turned off, a professional must restore service.Do not search for gas leaks with a lighted match.檢查燃?xì)夤艿?、電線和水管，檢查電器的受損情況。如果聞到煤氣味兒，或看到管道破裂，要關(guān)掉從外面進(jìn)屋煤氣管道的主閥門(mén)。在供電局來(lái)您家做過(guò)安全檢查之前，不要再合上電閘。謹(jǐn)記：在燃?xì)忾l關(guān)閉后，必須由專(zhuān)業(yè)人員重新打開(kāi)。不要點(diǎn)燃火柴來(lái)尋找燃?xì)庑孤短帯?/p>

Caution: Do not use electrical switches or appliances if gas leaks are suspected, because sparks can ignite gas from broken lines.注意：若懷疑煤氣管道泄露，不要撥動(dòng)電源開(kāi)關(guān)或使用電器，因?yàn)楫a(chǎn)生的火花會(huì)點(diǎn)燃泄露的燃?xì)狻?/p>

Switch off electrical power if there is damage to your house electrical wiring.If the situation is unsafe, leave your home and seek help.如果家里電線受損，要切斷電源。如果情況不安全，要離開(kāi)房屋，尋求救援。

Do not touch downed lines or broken appliances.切莫觸摸掉落的電線或受損的電器。

Check the building for cracks and damage, particularly around chimneys and masonry walls.Leave immediately if it looks like the building might collapse.Use fireplaces only if the chimney has no damage and no cracks.檢查建筑是否有裂縫和損壞，尤其是煙筒與磚墻周?chē)?。如果建筑有坍塌的跡象，要迅速撤離。除非確定煙囪沒(méi)有受損，也沒(méi)有裂縫，否則不要使用壁爐。

Clean up spilled medicines, bleaches, and gasoline and other ?ammable liquids.清除溢出的藥品，漂白劑、汽油和其他易燃易爆液體。

Check to see that water and sewage lines are intact before using the toilet.Plug bathtub and sink drains to prevent sewage backup.如廁前要檢查水管與下水道管道，確保它們完好無(wú)損。塞好浴缸與水槽的下水口，以免污水倒流。

Check water and food supplies.If the water is cut off, use emergency water supplies — in water heaters and melted ice cubes.Throw out all food that may be spoiled or contaminated.檢查水與食物供應(yīng)。如果水源被切斷，使用熱水器里的水或融化的食用冰塊水救急。扔掉所有可能會(huì)變質(zhì)或受污染的食物。

Check closets and cupboards.Open doors cautiously.Beware of objects tumbling off shelves.檢查壁櫥和食櫥。開(kāi)門(mén)要當(dāng)心。注意躲避架上可能掉落的物品。

Use charcoal or gas grills for emergency cooking, only out of doors.緊急狀態(tài)下，如須做飯，只有在戶(hù)外才能使用木炭和煤氣烤架。

Do not use your car, unless there is an emergency.Do not go sightseeing through areas of damage.You will only hamper the relief effort.Keep streets clear for the passage of emergency vehicles.不要駕車(chē),，除非情況危急。不要穿越受災(zāi)區(qū)域去看熱鬧，這樣只會(huì)妨礙救援行動(dòng)。為使救援車(chē)輛通行無(wú)阻，要保持街道暢通。

Be prepared for aftershocks.These secondary earthquakes are usually less violent than the main quake, but they can be strong enough to cause additional damage and weaken buildings.Stay away from damage areas unless your assistance has been specially requested by police, fire, or relief organizations.謹(jǐn)防余震。這些余震雖然一般較主震為弱，但也足以造成進(jìn)一步損害，并使建筑物更脆弱。除非警方、消防隊(duì)或救援組織請(qǐng)求你提供協(xié)助，否則請(qǐng)遠(yuǎn)離受損害的區(qū)域。

【如果不得不疏散的話】

If You Have To Evacuate Post a message in clear view that states where you can be found.Take your Disaster Supplies Kit.List reunion points in case of separation.Such points may be the homes of neighbors, friends, or relatives;schools;or community centers.Use the blanks below to list reunion points.留下字跡清晰的消息，說(shuō)明在哪里可以找到你。拿上你的災(zāi)害應(yīng)急包。列下重新團(tuán)聚的地點(diǎn)，以免在疏散過(guò)程中與你家人失散。這些地方有可能是鄰居家、朋友家，或是親戚家，也有可能是學(xué)校，或社區(qū)中心。在下面空白處記下這些重新團(tuán)聚的地點(diǎn)： 1.2.Important Numbers and Addresses

重要電話號(hào)碼及聯(lián)系地址

Your family may not be together when an earthquake strikes, so use the spaces below to record information that will help you communicate with one another.Remember, during the first 24 hours following a major earthquake, use your telephone only in case of an emergency.地震時(shí)您和家人可能會(huì)失散，所以，請(qǐng)?jiān)谝韵碌目瞻滋幱浵轮匾畔?，以便失散后相互?lián)系。記住，在大地震后的24小時(shí)內(nèi)，如非緊急情況，請(qǐng)不要打電話。

消防電話：119

急救電話：120

報(bào)警電話：110

第四篇：中英文對(duì)照A

《美國(guó)口語(yǔ)慣用法例句集粹》Ａ

A(Page 1-4)

1.about

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)I'd like to know what this is all about.我想知道這到底是怎么回事。How about a fish sandwich? 來(lái)一塊魚(yú)肉三明治怎么樣？What about me? 我怎么樣？I'm not about to go in that old house.我是不會(huì)進(jìn)那幢舊房子的！Yes I remember that night.What about it? 是的，我記得那個(gè)晚上，那又怎樣？What's this all about? 這到底是怎么回事？It's about time you showed up!差不多是你該露面的時(shí)候了。

2.above

1)

2)Above all, I want everything quiet.首要的是：我要一切保持安定。Tom thinks he's above hard work.湯姆認(rèn)為自己沒(méi)必要努力工作。

3.act

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)Would you please act out what happened? 你能把發(fā)生的事演示一下嗎？Watch Ricky.He sometimes likes to act up in class.注意里基，他又是喜歡在課堂上搗蛋。That profane comedian needs to clean up his act.那個(gè)愛(ài)說(shuō)粗言穢語(yǔ)的喜劇演員應(yīng)該凈化一下自己的言行。We need to get our act together and come to see you.我們需要統(tǒng)一意見(jiàn)后來(lái)見(jiàn)你。The newspapers called the earthquake an act of God.報(bào)紙上稱(chēng)那次地震為天災(zāi)。Masa is a class act.瑪莎是位杰出的女性。

4.action

1)

2)

3)

4)We're going to bring action against our debtors.我們打算控告我們的債務(wù)人。Did you see any action in yesterday's ballgame? 昨晚的棒球比賽中你看到有什么有趣的精彩場(chǎng)面嗎？Our community is going to take action against the proposed waste dump.我地區(qū)要采取行動(dòng)反對(duì)那項(xiàng)垃圾處理場(chǎng)的提案。Jim wants to go where the action is.吉姆想去有刺激性的地方。

5.advantage

1)

2)Our opponents have a height advantage on us.我們的對(duì)手在身高上比我們占有優(yōu)勢(shì)。Nobody likes to be taken advantage of.沒(méi)有人喜歡被捉弄（或：被欺騙、利用）

6.after

1)

2)

3)

4)I think that girl is after you.我想那女孩是在追你。It looks like things are gonna work out after all.看起來(lái)事情終會(huì)解決的。This soft drink has a nasty aftertaste.這軟飲料有種讓人難受的余味。I see your point, but don't you think it's way after the fact.我明白你的意思，但你不覺(jué)

得這已是“事后諸葛亮”了嗎？

7.again

1)I could go to Japan again and again.我可以一而再、再而三地去日本。（注：意指不會(huì)感到

厭倦）

8.age

1)

2)Would you please act your age!請(qǐng)你做事要有一個(gè)與自己年齡相稱(chēng)的樣子。This is a “coming of age” movie.這是一部成人影片。

9.air

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)I need to go outside and get some air.我需要出去呼吸點(diǎn)新鮮空氣。I don't know what's wrong, but can feel it in the air.雖然我不知道到底是出了什么差錯(cuò)，但我能隱隱約約感覺(jué)到。Mike was sad when they took his favorite program off the air.當(dāng)邁克喜歡的節(jié)目被取消時(shí)，他感到很傷心。The sale of our house is still up in the air.我們的房子出勤率售一事還沒(méi)有最后定下來(lái)。After winning the championship, I felt I could walk on air.獲得冠軍后，我飄飄欲仙。Your sister is such an airhead.你姐姐真是來(lái)個(gè)沒(méi)有頭腦的人。Janet Jackson's new song is getting lots of airplay.珍妮〃杰克遜的新歌到處都在不斷地播放。That last time I took a plane, I got airsick.上次我乘飛機(jī)時(shí)暈機(jī)了。I hope there's no bad air between us.我希望我們之間的關(guān)系不要很別扭。

10.all

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10)

11)

12)

13)It's looks like we won't be going after all.看起來(lái)最后我們還是不能去。We've all but finished the project.我們已幾乎完成了那個(gè)項(xiàng)目。All in all I'd say it's been a very productive day.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，我認(rèn)為這一天過(guò)得很充實(shí)。Let's go all-out and win this game!讓我們盡全力來(lái)打贏這場(chǎng)比賽。We knew it was all over when we saw the building burst.當(dāng)我們看見(jiàn)那座建筑突然起火時(shí)，我們知道一切全完了。We wish you all the best.我們大家祝福你一切如意。If it's all the same to you, I'd just as soon not go.如果這對(duì)你都是一回事的話，我就不想去了。They were running from the police like all get-out.他們以極快的速度逃脫警察的追趕。I didn't see them come in at all.我根本高沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的進(jìn)來(lái)。Let's settle this matter once and for all.讓我們來(lái)把這個(gè)問(wèn)題一次性地徹底解決掉。Mark is an all-around athlete.馬克是一個(gè)全能運(yùn)動(dòng)員。Did you get to play in the all-star game? 你入選全明星隊(duì)的比賽了嗎？He bloke the all-time record in the 100-meter run at his school.他打破了他所在的學(xué)校

100米跑的歷史最高記錄。

11.alley

1)Working on cars isn't up my alley.修理汽車(chē)不是我拿手的活兒。

12.alone

1)

2)I just wanna be left alone.我只是想一個(gè)人呆會(huì)兒。Can't you just leave well enough alone? 你不能少管一些閑事嗎？

13.along

1)

2)You knew all along what was going on.你從一開(kāi)始就知道所發(fā)生的事。Debbie doesn't get along with Steve.戴比和史蒂夫相處得不好。

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)Mr.Pak came here searching for the American dream.帕克先生來(lái)到這兒尋求他的“美國(guó)夢(mèng)”。Some foreigners become Americanized while living in the U.S.一些外國(guó)人在美國(guó)居住時(shí)被美國(guó)化了。Not having any job freedom would be totally unAmerican.沒(méi)有選擇職業(yè)的自由是完全違背美國(guó)精神傳統(tǒng)的。Bill is an all-American quarterback.比爾是全美（橄欖球）明星賽的四分衛(wèi)隊(duì)員。I just can't go on the American way.我無(wú)法適應(yīng)美國(guó)方式。

15.animal

1)

2)Water-skiing really brings out the animal in Tom.滑水運(yùn)動(dòng)真正激發(fā)出了湯姆的活力與激情。The young actor emits a lot of animal magnetism on the screen.那個(gè)年輕演員在熒幕

上充分顯示出他的性魅力。

16.answer

1)I called Emi but there was no answer.我給埃米打了電話，但是沒(méi)人接。

17.apple

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)Have you ever been to the Big Apple? 你去過(guò)紐約嗎？Do I sense an apple of discord between you two? 你問(wèn)我有沒(méi)有感覺(jué)出你們兩人之間的不和，是嗎？Heather is the apple of my eye.希瑟是我的掌上明珠。Rita likes to keep everything in apple-pie order.麗塔喜歡把一切都弄得井井有條。Dennis has always been an apple polisher.丹尼斯一直就是一個(gè)馬屁精。

18.arm

1)

2)

3)

4)You don't have to twist my arm to get me to go with you.用不著你強(qiáng)迫我跟你走。My father is a hopeless armchair quarterback.我爸爸是一個(gè)沒(méi)救了的紙上談兵的人。The suspects are armed and dangerous.嫌疑犯帶有武器，十分危險(xiǎn)。Every spring the park is filled with lovers walking arm in arm.每到春天公園里到處都是

手挽手散步的戀人。

19.around

1)

2)Coach Johnson has been around for 30 years.約翰遜教練已有三十年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)了。Someone is on duty here around-the-clock.有人在這里晝夜值班。

20.as

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)It looks as if someone has already been here.看起來(lái)在人來(lái)過(guò)這里了。As for me, I'm going home.至于我，我準(zhǔn)備回家。Marty is acting as if nothing happened.馬蒂表現(xiàn)得像什么也沒(méi)發(fā)生過(guò)一樣。I want this room left as is.我希望這間房子保持原樣。The changes will begin taking place as of tomorrow.變動(dòng)從明天開(kāi)始實(shí)施。Police are baffled as to the whereabouts of the kidnappers.警察局搜尋綁架者的工作受

挫。

1)

2)

3)

4)Our gas bill average about $50 a month.我們每個(gè)月的煤氣費(fèi)平均50美元。On the average, I'd say we eat chicken once a week.我們平均每周吃一次雞肉。Kent describes himself as just an average Joe.肯特視自己為一名普通的美國(guó)人。On the average day, over 100,000 kids bring guns to school in the U.S.在美國(guó)平常日

子里，有100,000個(gè)孩子帶手槍去上學(xué)。

22.away

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)What makes you think you're gonna get away with this? 是什么使你認(rèn)為你可以免受處罰？I wish they'd do away with these complicated tax forms.我希望他們能費(fèi)除掉這些復(fù)雜的稅務(wù)表格。We're planning a weekend getaway for our anniversary.我們正在為慶祝我們的紀(jì)念日而安排一次周末的外出活動(dòng)。Tom wants to run away from home.湯姆想從家里出逃。Dave and Kathy are going to steal away on vacation.戴夫和凱茜計(jì)劃在假期里偷偷跑出

去。

第五篇：中英文對(duì)照

AEROFLEX “亞羅弗”保溫 ALCO “艾科”自控 Alerton 雅利頓空調(diào) Alfa laval阿法拉伐換熱器 ARMSTRONG “阿姆斯壯”保溫 AUX 奧克斯

BELIMO 瑞士“搏力謀”閥門(mén) BERONOR西班牙“北諾爾”電加熱器 BILTUR 意大利“百得”燃燒器 BOSIC “柏誠(chéng)”自控 BROAD 遠(yuǎn)大

Burnham美國(guó)“博恩漢”鍋爐 CALPEDA意大利“科沛達(dá)”水泵 CARLY 法國(guó)“嘉利”制冷配件 Carrier 開(kāi)利 Chigo 志高

Cipriani 意大利斯普萊力

CLIMAVENETA意大利“克萊門(mén)特” Copeland“谷輪”壓縮機(jī) CYRUS意大利”賽諾思”自控 DAIKIN 大金空調(diào)

丹佛斯自控 Dorin “多菱”壓縮機(jī)

DUNHAM-BUSH 頓漢布什空調(diào)制冷 DuPont美國(guó)“杜邦”制冷劑 Dwyer 美國(guó)德威爾 EBM “依必安”風(fēng)機(jī)

ELIWELL意大利“伊力威”自控 Enfinilan 英國(guó)“英菲尼蘭“閥門(mén) EVAPCO美國(guó)“益美高”冷卻設(shè)備 EVERY CONTROL意大利“美控” Erie 怡日

FRASCOLD 意大利“富士豪”壓縮機(jī) FRICO瑞典“弗瑞克”空氣幕 FUJI “富士”變頻器

FULTON 美國(guó)“富爾頓”鍋爐 GENUIN “正野”風(fēng)機(jī) GREE 格力

GREENCOOL格林柯?tīng)?GRUNDFOS “格蘭富”水泵 Haier 海爾 Hisense 海信 HITACHI 日立

霍尼韋爾自控 Johnson 江森自控 Kelon 科龍

KRUGER瑞士“科祿格”風(fēng)機(jī) KU BA德國(guó)“庫(kù)寶”冷風(fēng)機(jī) Liang Chi 良機(jī)冷卻塔 LIEBERT 力博特空調(diào) MARLEY “馬利”冷卻塔 Maneurop法國(guó)“美優(yōu)樂(lè)”壓縮機(jī) McQuary 麥克維爾 Midea 美的 MITSUBISHI三菱

Munters 瑞典“蒙特”除濕機(jī) Panasonic 松下 RANCO “宏高”自控

REFCOMP意大利“萊富康”壓縮機(jī) RIDGID 美國(guó)“里奇”工具 RUUD美國(guó)“路德”空調(diào) RYODEN “菱電”冷卻塔 SanKen “三墾”變頻器 Samsung 三星 SANYO 三洋

ASWELL英國(guó)森威爾自控 Schneider 施耐德電氣 SenseAir 瑞典“森爾”傳感器 SIEMENS 西門(mén)子

SINKO ",28商機(jī)網(wǎng);新晃“空調(diào) SINRO “新菱”冷卻塔 STAND “思探得”加濕器 SWEP 舒瑞普換熱器 TECKA “臺(tái)佳”空調(diào) Tecumseh“泰康”壓縮機(jī) TRANE 特靈

TROX德國(guó)“妥思”風(fēng)閥 VASALA芬蘭“維薩拉”傳感器 WILO德國(guó)“威樂(lè)”水泵 WITTLER 德國(guó)”威特”閥門(mén) YORK 約克

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