第一篇：齒輪參數(shù) 中英文對照

EXTERNAL SPUR GEAR DATA（外圓柱齒輪參數(shù)）manufacturing data（制造參數(shù)）part number（零件號）tooth form（齒面）gear type（齒輪類型）number of teeth（齒數(shù)）normal module（法向模數(shù)）

normal pressure angle(at ref circle)法向壓力角（在分度圓上）helix angle(at ref circle)螺旋角（在分度圓上）helical lead（螺旋導程）hand of helix（旋向）

reference face width（參考齒寬）outside diameter（齒頂圓直徑）chamfer diameter（倒圓直徑）

reference(pitch)circle diameter（分度圓直徑）或節(jié)圓 start of active profile diameter有效漸開線起始圓直徑 form diameter 展成直徑 root diameter齒根圓直徑 base circle diameter基圓直徑 whole depth全齒高

normal circular tooth thickness(at reference circle)法向弧齒厚（在分度圓上）root type齒根形式

root fillet radius 齒根圓角半徑 lead crown齒向鼓形 HOB DATA滾刀參數(shù) pressure angle壓力角

tooth thickness at reference line分圓齒厚 protuberance凸角 tip radius齒頂圓半徑

reference part number 零件號 INSPECTION DATA檢驗數(shù)據(jù)

profile tolerance and modifications齒形公差和修形 profile hollow齒形中凹

refernce pitch circle runout節(jié)圓跳動 pitch variation齒距偏差 lead variation齒向偏差 lead hollow齒向中凹

profile surface finish漸開線齒面精加工 ball diameter量球直徑

dimension over two balls in same plane跨棒距

REFERENCE DATA-MATING GEAR對嚙齒的參考參數(shù)

normal center distance 中心距

mating gear part number對嚙齒輪零件號 mumber of teeth on mating gear對嚙輪齒數(shù)

backlash(nominal CD ,ROOM TEMP)側隙(法線方向，室溫)general notes(通用技術要求)1.DO not scale drawing(不要在圖上量取尺寸)2.all surfaces corners and edges must be free from burrs

and sharp edges-break 0.075 MM MAX(所有面,角和邊不能有毛刺,銳邊倒鈍不超過0.075mm)3.unless otherwise stated(除非特別注明,否則)

A.all dimensions and tolerance are in millimeters per

Chinese standard(所有以毫米為單位的尺寸和公差均按中國標準)

B.all surface finishes to be 3.2 micrometer or better(所有表面粗糙度不應低于3.2)

C.all dimension are finished dimensions;no allowance has been

made for any change in maximum or least material condition

due to heat treatment(所有尺寸均為最終尺寸;熱處理導致的最大或最小實體條件的變化不應超出允差)

D linear dimensions to be +/-0.25 MM(線性尺寸偏差為+/-0.25 MM)

E angular dimensions to be +/-0.5o(角度尺寸偏差為+/-0.5o)4.mark part number as shown(如圖作零件號)5.mark serial number as shown(如圖作系列號)6.heat treatment to be applied to all surfaces(整體熱處理)

gear notes(齒輪技術要求)1.do not grind roots and fillets after heat treatment(熱處理后不得磨及齒根和圓角)2.no steps or grooves permissible in root and fillet region after

honing or grinding(珩磨后,齒根和圓角區(qū)域不允許有臺階或凹痕)3.profile tolerance based upon floating band fit(齒形誤差應以公差帶為計)4.gear must be free from grind burns and tempering(齒面不得燒傷)5.pitch line runout and other tooth tolerances are with respect to

datum A(節(jié)圓跳動和其它齒輪公差均以基準A為測量基準)6.profile tolerance to be measured between form and chamfer(齒形誤差應由漸開線起始(或終止)圓測量至齒頂?shù)菇?7.min hardness must be achieved in tooth root and fillet region(齒根和圓角處的硬度不得低于硬度下差)8.root radius tangent to profile not to extend above form diameter(齒根圓角要與齒面相切,而且不能超過漸開線起始(或終止)圓直徑。

9.do not thru harden tooth tips(齒尖不得淬透)

行星齒輪系

Planetary gear train

齒輪基本術語 工作齒面

Working flank

齒輪

Toothed gear；Gear

球面漸開線

Spherical involute 齒面

Tooth flank

齒輪傳動

Gear drive；Gear transmission

長幅內(nèi)擺線

Prolate hypocycloid 非工作齒面

Non-working flank

齒輪副

Gear pair

漸開螺旋面

Involute helicoid 右側齒面

Right flank

配對齒輪

Mating gears

短幅內(nèi)擺線

Curtate hypocycloid 相嚙齒面

Mating flank

平行軸齒輪副

Gear pair with parallel axes

阿基米德螺旋面

Screw helicoid 左側齒面

Left flank

小齒輪

Pinion

漸開線

Involute；Involute to a circle 共軛齒面

Conjugate flank

相交軸齒輪副

Gear pair with intersecting axes

球面漸開螺旋面

Spherical involute helicoid 同側齒面

Corresponding flank

大齒輪

Wheel；Gear

延伸漸開線

Prolate involute 可用齒面

Usable flank

齒輪系

Train of gears

圓環(huán)面

Toroid 異側齒面

Opposite flank

主動齒輪

Driving gear

縮短漸開線

Curtate involute 有效齒面

Active flank

圓環(huán)面的母圈

Generant of the toroit 從動齒輪

Driven gear

上齒面

Addendum flank

圓環(huán)面的中性圈

Middle circle of the toroid 行星齒輪

Planet gear

下齒面

Dedendum flank

圓環(huán)面的中間平面

Middle-plane of the toroid 行星架

Planet carrier

齒根過渡曲面

Fillet

圓環(huán)面的內(nèi)圈

Inner circle of the toroid 太陽輪

Sun gear

齒頂

Crest；Top land

嚙合干涉

Meshing interference 內(nèi)齒圈

Ring gear；Annulus gear

槽底

Bottom land

切齒干涉

Cutter interference 外齒輪

External gear

齒廓

Tooth profile

齒廓修型

Profile modification； Profile correction 內(nèi)齒輪

Internal gear

端面齒廓

Transverse profile

修緣

Tip relief 中心距

Centre distance

法向齒廓

Normal profile

修根

Root relief 軸交角

Shaft angle

軸向齒廓

Axial profile

齒向修形

Axial modification； Longitudinal correction 連心線

Line of centres

背錐齒廓

Back cone tooth profile

齒端修薄

End relief 減速齒輪副

Speed reducing gear pair

齒線

Tooth trace

鼓形修整

Crowning 增速齒輪副

Speed increasing gear pair

齒棱

Tip；Tooth tip

鼓形齒

Crowned teeth 齒數(shù)比

Gear ratio

模數(shù)

Module

挖根

Undercut 傳動比

Transmission ratio

端面模數(shù)

Transverse module

瞬時軸

Instantaneous axis 軸平面

Axial plane

法向模數(shù)

Normal module

瞬時接觸點

Point of contact 基準平面

Datum plane

軸向模數(shù)

Axial module

瞬時接觸線

Line of contact 節(jié)平面

Pitch plane

徑節(jié)

Diametral pitch

端面嚙合線

Transverse path of contact 端平面

Transverse plane

齒數(shù)

Number of teeth

嚙合曲面

Surface of action 法平面

Normal plane

當量齒數(shù)

Virtual number of teeth

嚙合平面

Plane of action

分度曲面

Reference surface

頭數(shù)

Number of starts；Number of threads 嚙合區(qū)域

Zone of action 節(jié)曲面

Pitch surface

螺旋線

Helix；Circular helix

總作用弧

Total arc of transmission 齒頂曲面

Tip surface

圓錐螺旋線

Conical spiral

端面作用弧

Transverse arc of transmission 齒根曲面

Root surface

螺旋角

Helix angle； Spiral angle

縱向作用弧

Overlap arc

基本齒廓

Basic tooth profile

導程

Lead

總作用角

Total angle of transmission 基本齒條

Basic rack

導程角

Lead angle

端面作用角

Transverse angle of transmission 產(chǎn)形齒條

Counterpart rack

阿基米德螺旋線

Archimedes spiral

縱向作用角

Overlap angle

產(chǎn)形齒輪

Generating gear of a gear

外擺線

Epicycloid

總重合度

Total contact ratio 產(chǎn)形齒面

Generating flank

長幅外擺線

Prolate epoicycloid

端面重合度

Transverse ratio 基準線

Datum line

短幅外擺線

Curtate epoicycloid

縱向重合度

Overlap ratio 輪齒

Gear teeth；Tooth

擺線

Cycloid

標準齒輪

Standard gears 齒槽

Tooth space

長幅擺線

Prolate cycloid

非變位齒輪

X-gero gear

右旋齒

Right-hand teeth

短幅擺線

Curtate cycloid

標準中心距

Referencr centre distance 左旋齒

Left-hand teeth

內(nèi)擺線

Hypocycloid

名義中心距

Nominal centre distance 變位齒輪

Gears with addendum modification； X-gears

直齒輪

Spur gear

分度圓柱面

Reference cylinder 高度變位圓柱齒輪副

X-gear pair with reference centre distance

斜齒輪

Helical gear；Single-helical gear

節(jié)圓柱面

Pitch cylinder 角度變位圓柱齒輪副

X-gear pair with modified centre distance

直齒條

Spur rack

基圓柱面

Basic cylinder 高度變位錐齒輪副

X-gear pair without shaft angle modification

斜齒條

Helical rack

齒頂圓柱面

Tip cylinder 角度變位圓柱齒輪副

X-gear pair with shaft angle modification

人字齒輪

Double-helical gear

齒根圓柱面

Root cylinder 變位系數(shù)

Modification coefficient

漸開線齒輪

Involute cylindrical gear

節(jié)點

Pitch point 變位量

Addendum modification

擺線齒輪

Cycloidal gear

節(jié)線

Pitch line 徑向變位系數(shù)

Addendum modification coefficient

圓弧齒輪

Circular-arc gear；W-N gear

分度圓

Reference circle 中心距變位系數(shù)

Centre distance modification coefficient

雙圓弧齒輪

Double-circular-arc gear

節(jié)圓

Pitch circle 圓柱齒輪

Cylindrical gear

假想曲面

Imaginary surfance

基圓

Basic circle 頂圓

Tip circle

任意點法向壓力角

Normal pressure angle at a point 定位面

Locating face 根圓

Root circle

任意點端面壓力角

Transverse pressure angle at a point

外錐距

Outer cone distance 齒距

Pitch

嚙合角

Working pressure angle

內(nèi)錐距

Inner cone distance 齒距角

Angular pitch

頂隙

Bottom clearance

中點錐距

Mean cone distance

公法線長度

Base tangent length

圓周側隙

Circumferential blacklash

背錐距

Back cone distance

分度圓直徑

Reference diameter

法向側隙

Normal blacklash

安裝距

Locating distance 節(jié)圓直徑

Pitch diameter

徑向側隙

Radial blacklash

輪冠距

Tip distance；crown to back 基圓直徑

Base diameter

錐齒輪

Bevel gear

冠頂距

Apex to crown

頂圓直徑

Tip diameter

錐齒輪副

Bevel gear pair

偏置距

Offset

根圓直徑

Root diameter

準雙曲面齒輪副

Hypoid gear pair

齒線偏移量

Offset of tooth trace 齒根圓角半徑

Fillet radius

準雙曲面齒輪

Hypoid gear

分錐角

Reference cone angle 齒高

Tooth depth

冠輪

Crown gear

節(jié)錐角

Pitch cone angle

工作高度

Working depth

端面齒輪

Contrate gear

頂錐角

Tip angle

齒頂高

Addendum

直齒錐齒輪

Straight bevel gear

根錐角

Root angle

齒根高

Dedendum

斜齒錐齒輪

Skew bevel gear； Helical bevel gear

背錐角

Back cone angle 弦齒高

Chordal height

曲面齒錐齒輪

Curved tooth bevel gear 齒頂角

Addendum angel

固定弦齒高

Constant chord height

弧齒錐齒輪

Spiral bevel gear

齒根角Dedendum angle

齒寬

Facewidth

擺線齒錐齒輪

Enicycloid bevel gear

任意點壓力角

Pressure angle at a point 有效齒寬

Effective facewidth

零度齒錐齒輪

Zero T bevel gear

任意點螺旋角

Spiral angle at a point 端面齒厚

Transverse tooth thickness

圓柱齒輪端面齒輪副

Contrate gear pair

中點螺旋角

Mean spiral angle 法向齒厚

Normal tooth thickness

錐齒輪的當量圓柱齒輪

Virtual cylindrical gear of bevel gear

大端螺旋角

Outer spiral angle 端面基圓齒厚

Transverse base thickness

8字嚙合錐齒輪

Octoid gear

小端螺旋角

Inner spiral angle 法向基圓齒厚

Normal base thickness

圓柱齒弧錐齒輪

Spiral bevel gear with circle arc tooth profile

蝸桿

Worm 端面弦齒厚

Transverse chordal tooth thickness

分度圓錐面

Reference cone

蝸輪

Worm wheel 固定弦齒厚

Constant chord

節(jié)圓錐面

Pitch cone

蝸桿副

Worm gear pair 端面齒頂厚

Crest width

齒頂圓錐面

Face cone；tip cone

圓柱蝸桿

Cylindrical worm 法向齒頂厚

Normal crest width

齒根圓錐面

Root cone

圓柱蝸桿副

Cylindrical worm pair 端面齒槽寬

Transverse spacewidth

背錐面

Back cone

環(huán)面蝸桿

Enveloping worm 法向齒槽寬

Normal spacewidth

前錐面

Front cone

環(huán)面蝸桿副

Enveloping worm pair 齒厚半角

Tooth thickness half angle

中錐面

Middle cone

阿基米德蝸桿

Straight sided axial worm；ZA-worm 槽寬半角

Spacewidth half angle

分錐頂點

Reference cone apex

漸開線蝸桿

Involute helicoid worm； 壓力角

Pressure angle

軸線交點

Crossing point of axes

法向直廓蝸桿

Straight sided normal worm； 齒形角

Nominal pressure angle

齒根圓環(huán)面

Root tosoid

橢圓齒輪

Elliptical gear

咽喉面

Gorge

非圓齒輪副

Non-circular gear pair平面蝸桿

Planar worm wheel；P-worm wheel

喉平面

Gorge plane

圓柱針輪副

Cylindsical lantern pinion and wheel

平面包絡環(huán)面蝸桿

Planar double enveloping worm；TP-worm

喉圓

Gorge circle

針輪

Cylindsical tan tein gear ；pin-wheel

平面二次包絡蝸桿

Planar double-enveloping worm wheel；TP-worm wheel

分度圓蝸旋線

Reference helix

諧波齒輪副

Harmoric gear drive

錐面包絡環(huán)面蝸桿

Toroid enveloping worm wheel；TK-worm wheel

螺紋

Thread

波發(fā)生器

Wave generator

蝸桿齒寬

Worm facewidth

柔性齒輪

Flexspine 錐蝸桿

Spiroid

蝸輪齒寬

Worm wheel facewidth

剛性齒輪

Circular spline 錐蝸輪

Spiroid gear

直徑系數(shù)

Diametral quotient

非圓齒輪

Non-circular gear 錐蝸桿副

Spiroid gear pair

咽喉半徑

Gorge radius

分度圓環(huán)面

Reference tosoid 中平面

Mid-plane

齒寬角

Width angle

第二篇：中英文對照A

《美國口語慣用法例句集粹》Ａ

A(Page 1-4)

1.about

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)I'd like to know what this is all about.我想知道這到底是怎么回事。How about a fish sandwich? 來一塊魚肉三明治怎么樣？What about me? 我怎么樣？I'm not about to go in that old house.我是不會進那幢舊房子的！Yes I remember that night.What about it? 是的，我記得那個晚上，那又怎樣？What's this all about? 這到底是怎么回事？It's about time you showed up!差不多是你該露面的時候了。

2.above

1)

2)Above all, I want everything quiet.首要的是：我要一切保持安定。Tom thinks he's above hard work.湯姆認為自己沒必要努力工作。

3.act

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)Would you please act out what happened? 你能把發(fā)生的事演示一下嗎？Watch Ricky.He sometimes likes to act up in class.注意里基，他又是喜歡在課堂上搗蛋。That profane comedian needs to clean up his act.那個愛說粗言穢語的喜劇演員應該凈化一下自己的言行。We need to get our act together and come to see you.我們需要統(tǒng)一意見后來見你。The newspapers called the earthquake an act of God.報紙上稱那次地震為天災。Masa is a class act.瑪莎是位杰出的女性。

4.action

1)

2)

3)

4)We're going to bring action against our debtors.我們打算控告我們的債務人。Did you see any action in yesterday's ballgame? 昨晚的棒球比賽中你看到有什么有趣的精彩場面嗎？Our community is going to take action against the proposed waste dump.我地區(qū)要采取行動反對那項垃圾處理場的提案。Jim wants to go where the action is.吉姆想去有刺激性的地方。

5.advantage

1)

2)Our opponents have a height advantage on us.我們的對手在身高上比我們占有優(yōu)勢。Nobody likes to be taken advantage of.沒有人喜歡被捉弄（或：被欺騙、利用）

6.after

1)

2)

3)

4)I think that girl is after you.我想那女孩是在追你。It looks like things are gonna work out after all.看起來事情終會解決的。This soft drink has a nasty aftertaste.這軟飲料有種讓人難受的余味。I see your point, but don't you think it's way after the fact.我明白你的意思，但你不覺

得這已是“事后諸葛亮”了嗎？

7.again

1)I could go to Japan again and again.我可以一而再、再而三地去日本。（注：意指不會感到

厭倦）

8.age

1)

2)Would you please act your age!請你做事要有一個與自己年齡相稱的樣子。This is a “coming of age” movie.這是一部成人影片。

9.air

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)I need to go outside and get some air.我需要出去呼吸點新鮮空氣。I don't know what's wrong, but can feel it in the air.雖然我不知道到底是出了什么差錯，但我能隱隱約約感覺到。Mike was sad when they took his favorite program off the air.當邁克喜歡的節(jié)目被取消時，他感到很傷心。The sale of our house is still up in the air.我們的房子出勤率售一事還沒有最后定下來。After winning the championship, I felt I could walk on air.獲得冠軍后，我飄飄欲仙。Your sister is such an airhead.你姐姐真是來個沒有頭腦的人。Janet Jackson's new song is getting lots of airplay.珍妮〃杰克遜的新歌到處都在不斷地播放。That last time I took a plane, I got airsick.上次我乘飛機時暈機了。I hope there's no bad air between us.我希望我們之間的關系不要很別扭。

10.all

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10)

11)

12)

13)It's looks like we won't be going after all.看起來最后我們還是不能去。We've all but finished the project.我們已幾乎完成了那個項目。All in all I'd say it's been a very productive day.總的來說，我認為這一天過得很充實。Let's go all-out and win this game!讓我們盡全力來打贏這場比賽。We knew it was all over when we saw the building burst.當我們看見那座建筑突然起火時，我們知道一切全完了。We wish you all the best.我們大家祝福你一切如意。If it's all the same to you, I'd just as soon not go.如果這對你都是一回事的話，我就不想去了。They were running from the police like all get-out.他們以極快的速度逃脫警察的追趕。I didn't see them come in at all.我根本高沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的進來。Let's settle this matter once and for all.讓我們來把這個問題一次性地徹底解決掉。Mark is an all-around athlete.馬克是一個全能運動員。Did you get to play in the all-star game? 你入選全明星隊的比賽了嗎？He bloke the all-time record in the 100-meter run at his school.他打破了他所在的學校

100米跑的歷史最高記錄。

11.alley

1)Working on cars isn't up my alley.修理汽車不是我拿手的活兒。

12.alone

1)

2)I just wanna be left alone.我只是想一個人呆會兒。Can't you just leave well enough alone? 你不能少管一些閑事嗎？

13.along

1)

2)You knew all along what was going on.你從一開始就知道所發(fā)生的事。Debbie doesn't get along with Steve.戴比和史蒂夫相處得不好。

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)Mr.Pak came here searching for the American dream.帕克先生來到這兒尋求他的“美國夢”。Some foreigners become Americanized while living in the U.S.一些外國人在美國居住時被美國化了。Not having any job freedom would be totally unAmerican.沒有選擇職業(yè)的自由是完全違背美國精神傳統(tǒng)的。Bill is an all-American quarterback.比爾是全美（橄欖球）明星賽的四分衛(wèi)隊員。I just can't go on the American way.我無法適應美國方式。

15.animal

1)

2)Water-skiing really brings out the animal in Tom.滑水運動真正激發(fā)出了湯姆的活力與激情。The young actor emits a lot of animal magnetism on the screen.那個年輕演員在熒幕

上充分顯示出他的性魅力。

16.answer

1)I called Emi but there was no answer.我給埃米打了電話，但是沒人接。

17.apple

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)Have you ever been to the Big Apple? 你去過紐約嗎？Do I sense an apple of discord between you two? 你問我有沒有感覺出你們兩人之間的不和，是嗎？Heather is the apple of my eye.希瑟是我的掌上明珠。Rita likes to keep everything in apple-pie order.麗塔喜歡把一切都弄得井井有條。Dennis has always been an apple polisher.丹尼斯一直就是一個馬屁精。

18.arm

1)

2)

3)

4)You don't have to twist my arm to get me to go with you.用不著你強迫我跟你走。My father is a hopeless armchair quarterback.我爸爸是一個沒救了的紙上談兵的人。The suspects are armed and dangerous.嫌疑犯帶有武器，十分危險。Every spring the park is filled with lovers walking arm in arm.每到春天公園里到處都是

手挽手散步的戀人。

19.around

1)

2)Coach Johnson has been around for 30 years.約翰遜教練已有三十年的經(jīng)驗了。Someone is on duty here around-the-clock.有人在這里晝夜值班。

20.as

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)It looks as if someone has already been here.看起來在人來過這里了。As for me, I'm going home.至于我，我準備回家。Marty is acting as if nothing happened.馬蒂表現(xiàn)得像什么也沒發(fā)生過一樣。I want this room left as is.我希望這間房子保持原樣。The changes will begin taking place as of tomorrow.變動從明天開始實施。Police are baffled as to the whereabouts of the kidnappers.警察局搜尋綁架者的工作受

挫。

1)

2)

3)

4)Our gas bill average about $50 a month.我們每個月的煤氣費平均50美元。On the average, I'd say we eat chicken once a week.我們平均每周吃一次雞肉。Kent describes himself as just an average Joe.肯特視自己為一名普通的美國人。On the average day, over 100,000 kids bring guns to school in the U.S.在美國平常日

子里，有100,000個孩子帶手槍去上學。

22.away

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)What makes you think you're gonna get away with this? 是什么使你認為你可以免受處罰？I wish they'd do away with these complicated tax forms.我希望他們能費除掉這些復雜的稅務表格。We're planning a weekend getaway for our anniversary.我們正在為慶祝我們的紀念日而安排一次周末的外出活動。Tom wants to run away from home.湯姆想從家里出逃。Dave and Kathy are going to steal away on vacation.戴夫和凱茜計劃在假期里偷偷跑出

去。

第三篇：中英文對照

AEROFLEX “亞羅弗”保溫 ALCO “艾科”自控 Alerton 雅利頓空調(diào) Alfa laval阿法拉伐換熱器 ARMSTRONG “阿姆斯壯”保溫 AUX 奧克斯

BELIMO 瑞士“搏力謀”閥門 BERONOR西班牙“北諾爾”電加熱器 BILTUR 意大利“百得”燃燒器 BOSIC “柏誠”自控 BROAD 遠大

Burnham美國“博恩漢”鍋爐 CALPEDA意大利“科沛達”水泵 CARLY 法國“嘉利”制冷配件 Carrier 開利 Chigo 志高

Cipriani 意大利斯普萊力

CLIMAVENETA意大利“克萊門特” Copeland“谷輪”壓縮機 CYRUS意大利”賽諾思”自控 DAIKIN 大金空調(diào)

丹佛斯自控 Dorin “多菱”壓縮機

DUNHAM-BUSH 頓漢布什空調(diào)制冷 DuPont美國“杜邦”制冷劑 Dwyer 美國德威爾 EBM “依必安”風機

ELIWELL意大利“伊力威”自控 Enfinilan 英國“英菲尼蘭“閥門 EVAPCO美國“益美高”冷卻設備 EVERY CONTROL意大利“美控” Erie 怡日

FRASCOLD 意大利“富士豪”壓縮機 FRICO瑞典“弗瑞克”空氣幕 FUJI “富士”變頻器

FULTON 美國“富爾頓”鍋爐 GENUIN “正野”風機 GREE 格力

GREENCOOL格林柯爾 GRUNDFOS “格蘭富”水泵 Haier 海爾 Hisense 海信 HITACHI 日立

霍尼韋爾自控 Johnson 江森自控 Kelon 科龍

KRUGER瑞士“科祿格”風機 KU BA德國“庫寶”冷風機 Liang Chi 良機冷卻塔 LIEBERT 力博特空調(diào) MARLEY “馬利”冷卻塔 Maneurop法國“美優(yōu)樂”壓縮機 McQuary 麥克維爾 Midea 美的 MITSUBISHI三菱

Munters 瑞典“蒙特”除濕機 Panasonic 松下 RANCO “宏高”自控

REFCOMP意大利“萊富康”壓縮機 RIDGID 美國“里奇”工具 RUUD美國“路德”空調(diào) RYODEN “菱電”冷卻塔 SanKen “三墾”變頻器 Samsung 三星 SANYO 三洋

ASWELL英國森威爾自控 Schneider 施耐德電氣 SenseAir 瑞典“森爾”傳感器 SIEMENS 西門子

SINKO ",28商機網(wǎng);新晃“空調(diào) SINRO “新菱”冷卻塔 STAND “思探得”加濕器 SWEP 舒瑞普換熱器 TECKA “臺佳”空調(diào) Tecumseh“泰康”壓縮機 TRANE 特靈

TROX德國“妥思”風閥 VASALA芬蘭“維薩拉”傳感器 WILO德國“威樂”水泵 WITTLER 德國”威特”閥門 YORK 約克

ZENNER德國“真蘭”計量

第四篇：中英文對照

醫(yī)院中英文對照

發(fā)熱門診Have Fever主治醫(yī)師Doctor-in-charge 供應室Supply Room謝絕入內(nèi)No entering 紅燈亮時謝絕入內(nèi)No entering when red light

彩超、心電圖Colorful Cardiogram/ECG住院樓Inpatient Building 透析血磁EndoscopeDept.護士Nueser康復理療科RehabilitationPhysiotherapyDept.中藥計價China medical price account肛腸科Ano-proctology

皮膚、肛腸、男性科、泌尿科候診Dermatology、Ano-proctology、male Urology Clinic 皮膚科、肛腸科、男性科、泌尿科Dermatology、Ano-proctology、male Urology Dept 中醫(yī)科Traditional Chinese Medicine五官科ENT Dept.男性科、泌尿科 Male urology Dept.安全出口Exit

預防保健科Medical center for health preventionand care

后勤科、藥庫Logistic Room、Seore入院登記In-patient Admisson 高壓氧治療Hyperbaric Oxygehation Therapy碎石中心ESWL Center 急救中心Emergency Center掛號收費Registration

中心藥房Cenreral Pharmacy內(nèi)科門診Internal Medicine Clinic會議室Meeting Room手外科Hand Surgery 產(chǎn)科Obstentrics Dept.骨外科Orthopedics Dept.神經(jīng)、燒傷外科Neurosurgery.Plaseric surgey Dept.麻醉科Anaesthesiology手術室Operation Room 泌尿、腫瘤外科Urologic.Gumorsurgery Dept.婦科Gynecology Dept.內(nèi)二科Internal Medicine.Ward 2產(chǎn)房及愛嬰中心Delivery Room內(nèi)一科Internal Medicine.Ward 1洗手間Toilet

普外、胸外科Surgey、Thoracic Surgey Dept.皮膚科Dermatology Dept.中醫(yī)骨傷科Traditional Mediaine or Thopaedics餐廳Dining Room 配餐室Pantry Room后勤科Logistics Dept.電工室Electrician Room接待室Dermatology Room 內(nèi)、兒科候診 Internal medicine.Pediatrics功能檢查候診Function Exam 中醫(yī)科候診TCM Clinic放射科候診Radiology Clinic 婦科門診Gynecology Dept.產(chǎn)科候診Obstentrics Clinic 肛腸科候診Ano-proctology婦科候診Gynecology Clinic 產(chǎn)科門診Obstentrics Dept.五官科候診ENT.Clinic 外科候診Surgery Clinic輸液中心Transfusion Center 皮膚、泌尿科候診 Dermatology.Male Urology Clinic檢驗候診Clinical Laborotories 家屬休息Relation Rest Room口腔科門診Stomatology Clinic 內(nèi)兒科Internal Medicine.Pediaarics鏡檢科Endoscope Dept.外科Surgrey Dept.檢驗中心Laboratory Center 功能檢查Function Exam Dept.登記處Registration 預防保健門診Hygine ＆ Public Health Dept.收費處Cashier 美容科、鏡檢科門診 Cosmetology Dept.Endoscope Clinic

收費健康發(fā)證Gharge lssue Bill of Health試敏觀察室Scratch Espial Room

第五篇：中英文對照

共軌技術

隨著人們對低油耗、低廢氣排放、發(fā)動機低噪聲的需求越來越大，對發(fā)動機和燃油噴射系統(tǒng)的要求也越來也高。對柴油發(fā)動機燃油噴射系統(tǒng)提出的要求也在不斷增加。更高的壓力、更快的開關時間，以及根據(jù)發(fā)動機工況修訂的可變的流量速率曲線，已經(jīng)使得柴油發(fā)動機具有良好的經(jīng)濟性、低污染、高動力性，因此柴油發(fā)動機甚至進入了豪華高性能轎車領域。達到這些需求的前提是擁有一個可以精確霧化燃油并具有高噴油壓力的燃油噴射系統(tǒng)。同時，噴油量必須精確計算，燃油流量速率曲線必須有精確的計算模型，預噴射和二次噴射必須能夠完成。一個可以達到以上需求的系統(tǒng)即共軌燃油噴射系統(tǒng)。

共軌系統(tǒng)包括以下幾個主要的部分： ①低壓部分，包含燃油共軌系統(tǒng)組件。

②高壓系統(tǒng)，包含高壓泵、油軌、噴油器和高壓油管等組件。

電控柴油機系統(tǒng)EDC主要由系統(tǒng)模塊，如傳感器、電子控制單元和執(zhí)行機構組成。共軌系統(tǒng)的主要部分即噴油器。它們擁有一個可以快速開關噴嘴的執(zhí)行閥(電磁閥或壓電觸發(fā)器)，這就允許對每個氣缸的噴射進行控制。

所有的噴油器都由一個共同的油軌提供燃油，這就是“共軌”的由來。在共軌燃油噴射系統(tǒng)中，燃油噴射和壓力的產(chǎn)生是分開的。噴油壓力的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)動機轉速和噴油量無關。EDC控制每個組件。

(1)壓力產(chǎn)生。

燃油噴射和壓力的產(chǎn)生是通過蓄能器分離開來。將具有壓力的燃油提供給為噴射做好準備的共軌系統(tǒng)的蓄能器。

由發(fā)動機驅(qū)動的連續(xù)運轉的高壓泵提供所需噴油的壓力。無論發(fā)動機的轉速高低，還是燃油噴射量的多少，油軌中的壓力均維持在一定值。由于幾乎一致的噴油方式，高壓泵的設計可以小的多，而且它的驅(qū)動轉矩可以比傳統(tǒng)燃油噴射系統(tǒng)低，這源于高壓泵的負載很小。

高壓泵是徑向活塞泵，在商用車上有時會使用內(nèi)嵌式噴油泵。(2)壓力控制

所應用的壓力控制方法主要取決于系統(tǒng)。

一種控制油軌壓力的方式是通過一個壓力控制閥對高壓側進行控制。不需噴射的燃油通過壓力控制閥流回到低壓回路。這種控制回路允許油軌壓力對不同工況(如負載變化時)迅速做出反應。

在第一批共軌系統(tǒng)中采用了對高壓側的控制。壓力控制閥安裝在燃油軌道上更可取，但是在一些應用中，它被直接安裝在高壓泵中。

另一種控制軌道壓力的方式是進口端控制燃油供給。安裝在高壓泵的法蘭上的計量單元保證了泵提供給油軌精確的燃油量，以維持系統(tǒng)所需要的噴油壓力。

發(fā)生故障時，壓力安全閥防止油軌壓力超過最大值。

在進口端對燃油供給的控制減少了高壓燃油的用量，降低了泵的輸入功率。這對燃油消耗起到積極的作用。同時，流回油箱的燃油溫度與傳統(tǒng)高壓側控制的方法相比得到了降低。

雙執(zhí)行器系統(tǒng)也是一種控制軌道壓力的方式，它通過計算單元對壓力進行控制，并且通過壓力控制閥對高壓端進行控制，因此同時具備高壓側控制與進口端燃料供給控制的優(yōu)勢。

(3)燃油噴射

噴油器直接將燃料噴到發(fā)動機的燃燒室。它們由與燃油軌道直接相連的短高壓油軌提供燃油。發(fā)動機的控制單元通過與噴油器結合在一起的控制閥的開閉控制噴油嘴的開關。

噴油器的開啟時間和系統(tǒng)油壓決定了燃油供給量。在恒壓狀態(tài)下，燃油供給量與電磁閥的開啟時間成正比，因此與發(fā)動機或油泵的轉速(以時間為計量的燃油噴射)無關。

(4)液壓輔助動力

與傳統(tǒng)燃油噴射系統(tǒng)相比，將壓力的產(chǎn)生與燃油的噴射分離開來，有利于燃燒室的充分燃燒。燃油噴射壓力在系統(tǒng)中基本可以自主選擇。目前最高燃油壓力為1600巴，將來會達到1800巴。

共軌系統(tǒng)通過引入預噴射或多次噴射可以進一步減少廢氣排放，也能明顯降低燃燒噪聲。通過多次觸發(fā)高速轉換閥的開閉可以在每個噴射周期內(nèi)實現(xiàn)多達5次的噴射。噴油針閥的開閉動作是液壓輔助元件助力的，以保證噴射結束的快速性。

(5)控制和調(diào)節(jié)

發(fā)動機的控制單元通過傳感器檢測加速踏板的位置以及發(fā)動機和車輛的當前工況。采集到的數(shù)據(jù)包括：

① 曲軸轉速和轉角； ② 燃油軌道的壓力； ③ 進氣壓力；

④ 進氣溫度、冷卻液溫度和燃油溫度； ⑤ 進氣量； ⑥ 車速等。

電控單元處理輸入信號。與燃燒同步，電控單元計算施加給壓力控制閥或計算模塊、噴油器和其他執(zhí)行機構(如EGR閥，廢氣渦輪增壓器)的觸發(fā)信號。

噴油器的開關時間應很短，采用優(yōu)化的高壓開關閥和專業(yè)的控制系統(tǒng)即可實現(xiàn)。

根據(jù)曲軸和凸輪軸傳感器的數(shù)據(jù)，對照發(fā)動機狀態(tài)(時間控制)，角度/時間系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)噴油正時。電控柴油機系統(tǒng)(EDC)可以實現(xiàn)對燃油噴射量的精確計算。此外，EDC還擁有額外的功能以進一步提高發(fā)動機的響應特性和便利性。

其基本功能包括對柴油燃油噴射正時的精確控制，和在給定壓力下對油量的控制。這樣，它們就保證了柴油發(fā)動機具有能耗低、運行平穩(wěn)的特點。

其他開環(huán)和閉環(huán)控制功能用于減少廢氣排放和燃油消耗，或提供附加的可靠性和便利性，具體例子有：

① 廢氣在循環(huán)控制； ② 增壓控制； ③ 巡航控制；

④ 電子防盜控制系統(tǒng)等。(6)控制單元結構。

由于發(fā)動機控制單元通常最多有8個噴油器輸出口，所以超過八缸的發(fā)動機需要兩個控制單元。它們通過內(nèi)置高速CAN網(wǎng)絡的“主/從”接口進行連接，因此也擁有較高的微控制器處理能力。一些功能被 分配給某個特定的控制單元(如燃料平衡控制)，其功能根據(jù)需求情況(如檢測傳感器信號)可以動態(tài)地分配給一個或多個控制單元。

The Common Rail Calls for lower fuel consumption, reduced exhaust-gas emission, and quiet engines are making greater demands on the engine and fuel-injection system.The demands placed on diesel-engine fuel-injection systems are continuously increasing.Higher pressures, faster switching times, and a variable rate-of-discharge curve modified to the engine operating state have made the diesel engine economical, clean, and powerful.As a result, diesel engines have even entered the realm of luxury-performance sedans.These demands can only be met by a fuel-injection pressure.At the same time the injected fuel quantity must be very precisely metered, and the rate-of-discharge curve must have an exact shape, and pre-injection and secondary injection must be performable.A system that meets these demands is the common-rail fuel-injection system.The main advantage of the common-rail system is its ability to vary injection pressure and timing over a broad scale.This was achieved by separating pressure generation(in the high-pressure pump)from the fuel-injection system(injection).The rail here acts as a pressure accumulator.Principle of the Common Rail The common-rail system consists of the following main component groups: ① The low-pressure stage, comprising the fuel-supply system components;② The high-pressure system, comprising components such as the high-pressure pump, fuel-rail, injector, and high-pressure fuel lines.The electronic diesel control(EDC), consisting of system modules, such as sensors, the electronic control unit, and actuators.The key components of the common-rail system are the injectors.They are fitted with a rapid-action valve(solenoid valve or piezo-triggered actuator)which opens and closes the nozzle.This permits control of the injection process for each cylinder.All the injectors are fed by a common fuel rail, this being the origin of the term “common rail”.In the common-rail fuel-injection system, the function of pressure generation and fuel injection are separate.The injection pressure is generated independent of the engine speed and the injected fuel quantity.The electronic diesel control(EDC)controls each of the components.(1)Pressure Generation.Pressure generation and fuel injection are separated by means of an accumulator volume.Fuel under pressure is supplied to the accumulator volume of the common

rail ready for injection.A continuously operating high-pressure pump driven by the engine produces the desired injection pressure.Pressure in the fuel rail is maintained irrespective of engine speed or injected fuel quantity.Owing to the almost uniform injection pattern, the high-pressure pump design can be much smaller and its drive-system torque can be lower than conventional fuel-injection systems.This results in a much lower load on the pump drive.The high-pressure pump is a radial-piston pump.On commercial vehicles, an in-line fuel-injection pump is sometimes fitted.(2)Pressure Control The pressure control method applied is largely dependent on the system.One way of controlling rail pressure is to control the high-pressure side by a pressure-control valve.Fuel not required for injection flows back to the low-pressure circuit via the pressure-control valve.This type of control loop allows rail pressure to react rapidly to changes in operating point(e.g.in the event of load changes).Control on the high-pressure side was adopted on the first common-rail systems.The pressure-control valve is mounted preferably on the fuel rail.In some applications, however, it is mounted directly on the high-pressure pump.Another way of controlling rail pressure is to control fuel delivery on the suction side.The metering unit flanged on the high-pressure pump makes sure that the pump delivers exactly the right quantity of fuel rail in order to maintain the injection pressure required by the system.In a fault situation, the pressure-relief valve prevents rail pressure from exceeding a maximum.Fuel-delivery control on the suction side reduces the quantity of fuel under high pressure and lowers the power input of the pump.This has a positive impact on fuel consumption.At the same time, the temperature of the fuel flowing back to the fuel tank is reduced in contrast to the control method on the high-pressure side.The two-actuator system is also a way of controlling rail pressure, which combines pressure control on the suction side via the metering unit and control on the high-pressure side via the pressure-control valve, thus marrying the advantages of high-pressure-side control and suction-side fuel-delivery control.(3)Fuel Injection.The injectors spray fuel directly into the engine’s combustion chambers.They are supplied by short high-pressure fuel lines connected to the fuel rail.The engine control unit controls the switching valve integrated in the injector to open and close

the injector nozzle.The injector opening times and system pressure determine the quantity of fuel delivered.At a constant pressure, the fuel quantity delivered is proportional to the switching time of the solenoid valve.This is, therefore, independent of engine or pump speed(time-based fuel injection).(4)Potential Hydraulic Power.Separating the functions of pressure generation and fuel injection opens up future degrees of freedom in the combustion process compared with conventional fuel-injection systems;the injection pressure at pressure at present is 160 MPa;in future this will rise to 180 MPa.The common-rail system allows a future reduction in exhaust-gas emissions by introducing pre-injection events or multiple injection events and also attenuating combustion noise significantly.Multiple injection events of up to five per injection cycle can be generated by triggering the highly rapid-action switching valve several times.The nozzle-needle closing action is hydraulically assisted to ensure that the end of injection is rapid.(5)Control and Regulation.The engine control unit detects the accelerator-pedal position and the current operating states of the engine and vehicle by means of sensors.The data collected includes:

① Crankshaft speed and angle;② Fuel-rail pressure;③ Charge-air pressure:

④ Intake air, coolant temperature, and fuel temperature: ⑤ Air-mass intake: ⑥ Road speed, etc.The electronic control unit evaluates the input signals.In sync with combustion, it calculates the triggering signals for the pressure-control valve or the metering unit, the injectors, and the other actuators(e.g.the EGR valve, exhaust-gas turbocharger actuators, etc.).The injector switching times, which need to be short, are achievable using the optimized high-pressure switching valves and a special control system.The angle/time system compares injection timing, based on data from the crankshaft and camshaft sensors, with the engine state(time control).The electronic diesel control(EDC)permits a precise metering of the injected fuel quantity.In

addition, EDC offers the potential for additional functions that can improve engine response and convenience.The basic functions involve the precise control of diesel-fuel injection timing and fuel quantity at the reference pressure.In this way, they ensure that the diesel engine has low consumption and smooth running characteristics.Additional open-and close-loop control functions perform the tasks of reducing exhaust-gas emissions and fuel consumption, or providing added safely and convenience.Some examples are:

① Control of exhaust-gas recirculation;② Boost-pressure control;③ Cruise control;

④ Electronic immobilizer, etc.(6)Control Unit Configuration.As the engine control unit normally has a maximum of only eight output stages for the injectors, engines with more than eight cylinders are fitted with two engine control units.They are coupled within the “ master/slave ” network via an internal, high-speed CAN interface.As a result, there is also a high microcontroller processing capacity available.Some functions are permanently allocated to a specific control unit(e.g.fuel-balancing control).Other can be dynamically allocated to one or many of the control units as situation demand(e.g.to detect sensor signals).