第一篇:01英語翻譯資料對應(yīng)中文03.15
鄭州大學(xué)
機(jī)械工程學(xué)院
機(jī)械工程及其自動化專業(yè)
2000級9班
常志軍
2000013905 2004-03-15 電火花加工技術(shù)(EDM)的研究及幾項(xiàng)新改進(jìn)措施
放電加工(EDM),也叫做電火花加工.它是以兩個(gè)電極上產(chǎn)生的電火花的電蝕效應(yīng)為基礎(chǔ)的.經(jīng)過觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),如果兩個(gè)電極采用同一材料,則陽極上的腐蝕較大.所以,為了以最小的工具電極損耗量獲得最大的金屬去除量,把工件接成陽極,工具接成陰極.電火花加工工藝的原理
電火花加工的必要條件(1)工件為導(dǎo)電體。
(2)工具電極和工件被加工表面之間保持一定的間隙。放電間隙約為0.01mm。間隙過大不能擊穿介質(zhì)不產(chǎn)生放電,間隙過小造成短路也不產(chǎn)生放電。(3)火花放電要在有一定絕緣性能的液體介質(zhì)中進(jìn)行。
(4)火花放電為瞬時(shí)的脈沖性火花放電,相鄰脈沖之間有一個(gè)間隔,可使絕緣介質(zhì)消電離。即使放電通道中帶電粒子復(fù)合為中性粒子,以待下一個(gè)脈沖放電,也可避免熱量擴(kuò)散造成燒傷。
電火花加工工藝的原理可用簡圖表示(圖1).工具裝在機(jī)床主軸的卡盤里.主軸的垂直進(jìn)給是由伺服電機(jī)通過減速齒輪系統(tǒng)控制的.工件安裝在充滿工作液的槽中;工作液的深度至少要保持高于工作表面50毫米(2英寸),以免發(fā)生火災(zāi).工具和工件接在一個(gè)直流馳張電路中,由直流發(fā)電機(jī)供電.工作液在泵產(chǎn)生的壓力作用下,通常經(jīng)過工具電極內(nèi)的一個(gè)孔(或幾個(gè)孔)進(jìn)行循環(huán).伺服電機(jī)使火花間隙保持在大約0.025~0.05毫米(0.001~0.002英寸)之間.圖1 電火花加工工藝的原理圖
當(dāng)接通電源時(shí),電容器電壓Vc 開始按指數(shù)規(guī)律向電源電壓Vs 增長(圖2).在初始化階段火花間隔相當(dāng)于開路,沒有電流流過.隨著電容器電壓Vc的增加,達(dá)到間隙擊穿電壓Vg(決定間隙寬度和工作液)時(shí),兩極之間就會產(chǎn)生電火花,同時(shí),周圍的工作液電離,電容器放電.然后,工作液恢復(fù)到原來狀態(tài),因而又重新成為有效的絕緣介質(zhì).這個(gè)周期周而復(fù)始的進(jìn)
第頁 鄭州大學(xué)
機(jī)械工程學(xué)院
機(jī)械工程及其自動化專業(yè)
2000級9班
常志軍
2000013905 2004-03-15 行,即可獲得頻率很高的連續(xù)火花,相鄰火花之間的間隔時(shí)間大約為100微秒.每個(gè)火花都使它附近的微小區(qū)域產(chǎn)生集中的局部高溫約為12000℃,這一熱量使周圍的一部分工作液汽化,同時(shí)也使兩極上的金屬汽化和熔化,從而在工件表面形成放電痕跡.由于火花總是發(fā)生在工具和工件彼此之間接近的部位,所以工件上的突出點(diǎn)逐漸被電蝕,這樣,工具的形狀就被復(fù)制在工件上.在這個(gè)過程中冷結(jié)而成的金屬小球被流動的工作液帶走.在工件被腐蝕的同時(shí),工具通過伺服進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)給.伺服控制系統(tǒng)及影響電火花加工的重要因素
圖1中所表示的是最簡單的伺服機(jī)構(gòu).它包括一個(gè)可逆伺服電機(jī),電機(jī)的一端與電容器(D)相連,另一端與可變電阻的滑動觸頭(B)相連.A點(diǎn)和C點(diǎn)的電位相同.如果電壓Vc(圖2)的平均值等于A點(diǎn)和B點(diǎn)之間的預(yù)置電壓,則B點(diǎn)和D點(diǎn)的電位就相等,伺服電機(jī)就保持靜止.如果電壓Vc的平均值由于間隙寬度的變化而發(fā)生改變時(shí),D點(diǎn)的電位將會發(fā)生改變,從而伺服電機(jī)將開始旋轉(zhuǎn),直到重新得到所需要的間隙為止.就這樣,伺服系統(tǒng)使平均放電間隙擊穿電壓保持恒定(因而間隙寬度亦恒定).電機(jī)必須是可逆的,因?yàn)槿绻欧C(jī)構(gòu)超調(diào)或由于間隙內(nèi)金屬微粒的堆積而引起短路,必須把工具退回.恒定間隙的尺寸通常大約為0.025~0.05毫米(0.001~0.002英寸);調(diào)整可變電阻就可以改變間隙值.圖2 放電加工中電壓和電流
實(shí)際上使用的其他類型的伺服控制系統(tǒng)一般是通過自動檢測間隙電壓或者間隙電容量而工作的.工具損耗率高是電火花加工的主要難題之一.電極損耗率是指工具金屬損耗量除以工件金屬去除量的值.它隨著所用工具和工件的材料而變化.例如,用黃銅工具和黃銅工件時(shí),損耗率大約為0.5;用黃銅工具與淬硬的碳鋼工件時(shí),損耗率大約為1;用黃銅工具和碳化鎢工件時(shí),則損耗率可高達(dá)3.如若材料選擇得當(dāng),則損耗率可低于0.1.工具損耗率高會影響加工精度,并且使費(fèi)用大大增加,因?yàn)楣ぞ唠姌O本身一般都必須精確加工.因此,人們過去就一直很重視尋求合適的工具材料.就一般用途而言,黃銅或紫銅是常用的,但如果要求最小的電極損耗量,則使用銅基石墨和碳化鎢為好.鎢絲經(jīng)常用于鉆削
第頁 鄭州大學(xué)
機(jī)械工程學(xué)院
機(jī)械工程及其自動化專業(yè)
2000級9班
常志軍
2000013905 2004-03-15 小直徑的深孔,因?yàn)?由于火花放電產(chǎn)生的沖擊波或超調(diào)情況下與工件相觸,有可能弄彎工具,而鎢絲則不易變彎.工具材料的熔點(diǎn)愈高,則損耗率愈低.因此,如果采用像銅基石墨這樣的材料,就可以發(fā)現(xiàn),在工具的頂端,紫銅基體迅速蝕損,而熔點(diǎn)很高的石墨材料能防止它進(jìn)一步迅速蝕損,這時(shí),工具上其余部分的紫銅受到了保護(hù),從而有助于保持工具的導(dǎo)電能力.金屬去除率主要取決于本章所討論的各項(xiàng)電參數(shù).然而,還必須指出:低的金屬去除率能使表面光潔度得到改善,因而必須根據(jù)要進(jìn)行粗加工還是精加工而找出照顧到兩方面的折衷辦法.這和普通加工工藝是相類似的,采用普通加工工藝時(shí),要想使表面光潔度好,就得降低進(jìn)給量,而且實(shí)際上切削速度總是有限的,所以這就意味著只能降低金屬去除率.使用改進(jìn)后的脈沖發(fā)生器,粗加工時(shí)金屬去除率已達(dá)到目前為止0.09厘米3/秒(0.33英寸3/分).如電能不變,則金屬去除率取決于單個(gè)火花的持續(xù)時(shí)間.已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),在給定的功率下,可以找到一個(gè)使每次放電去除的金屬量達(dá)到最大值的最佳放電時(shí)間.然而,如果放電時(shí)間太短,工具損耗就會過大,而這過大的工具損耗會降低加工精度.一般用途
電火花加工的主要用于加工具有復(fù)雜形狀的型孔和型腔的模具和零件;加工各種硬、脆材料,如硬質(zhì)合金和淬火鋼等;加工深細(xì)孔、異形孔、深槽、窄縫和切割薄片等;加工各種成形刀具、樣板和螺紋環(huán)規(guī)等工具和量具。
電火花加工的極大優(yōu)點(diǎn)是可以對已淬火的工具或模具進(jìn)行加工,因而可以得到高精度.燒結(jié)硬質(zhì)合金工具可以在最終燒結(jié)后加工,這就取消了中間的部分燒結(jié)階段,從而進(jìn)行一些加工(如鉆孔)的最終燒結(jié)時(shí)所造成的誤差也得以避免.加工表面有良好的貯油特性,使這種加工方法適合于精加工滑動軸承和內(nèi)燃機(jī)汽油缸孔.此外,表面負(fù)方向性,無微裂紋,這可以減小疲勞破壞的可能性.這一加工工藝也已成功地用來在像內(nèi)燃機(jī)噴嘴這樣淬硬的零件上鉆直徑很小的孔.電火花加工技術(shù)的幾項(xiàng)新改進(jìn)措施
1.具有極高耐腐蝕的電極材料的開發(fā)
由科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,在黃銅電極表面涂一層較厚的高融點(diǎn)材料,例如W、ZRB2、TIB2能較好地提高電極使用壽命。根據(jù)這一原理,由TEXAS A & M大學(xué)新開發(fā)出在工具、工件電極之間產(chǎn)生的高溫條件下,耐腐蝕性能極好的電極材料。這種新研制的用以制造耐腐蝕的電極材料為ZRB2/CU,屬金屬陶瓷。它具有熔點(diǎn)高、導(dǎo)熱性好的特點(diǎn)。因此,能比黃銅電極和鎢化銅電極的使用壽命提高3~5倍,而價(jià)格低于石墨電極。同時(shí)提高加工零件表面質(zhì)量。新型電極材料ZRB2/CU由以下步驟制成:為了使其能在選型的激光燒結(jié)機(jī)床(SLS)上加工,先將純凈的ZRB2粉末涂一層聚合體;將經(jīng)過涂的ZRB2粉末放入SLS機(jī)床內(nèi)的模具中粘接成型后進(jìn)行燒結(jié);激光燒結(jié)后ZRB2粉末中的聚合體涂在高溫下?lián)]發(fā);將燒結(jié)好的密度為35~70%的ZRB2置于真空爐中,滲入CU后制成。除制造電極外,ZRB2/CU還能用于其它方面,例如,制作電焊條還可以作為微電子元件表面涂和等離子噴射涂材料。
2.用氣體代替加工液
由TOKYO農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)所進(jìn)行的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):高壓氣體可以通過電極上的通油孔進(jìn)入工具、工件電極接觸區(qū);純度很高的高壓氣體能起到普通加工液所起不到的絕緣效果;高壓氣體能夠清除由電極加工所產(chǎn)生的碎屑等雜質(zhì),并具有較好的冷卻作用。因而能用于小型三維復(fù)雜零件的電火花加工,極好地代替普通加工液,可降低生產(chǎn)成本。
3.在加工液中添加導(dǎo)電粉末
由電火花加工試驗(yàn)表明,在加工液中增添硅粉末,可改善加工后零件表面的粗糙度。這是因?yàn)楣璺勰┑募尤?,增大了工具、工件電極間的阻抗,抑制了脈沖放電中的離散電容。隨
第頁 鄭州大學(xué)
機(jī)械工程學(xué)院
機(jī)械工程及其自動化專業(yè)
2000級9班
常志軍
2000013905 2004-03-15 著離散電容的減少,使工具、工件電極間的電容減小,每次放電脈沖次數(shù)減少,因而改善了加工零件的表面粗糙度。根據(jù)同樣原理與加工實(shí)踐證明,使用內(nèi)含懸浮其他導(dǎo)電粉末的加工液,也能改善加工后零件的表面粗糙度。這對精密的航空零件和模具的加工尤其重要,它可省去以往的拋光后工序加工,提高了生產(chǎn)效率,降低生產(chǎn)成本。
4.對非導(dǎo)電材料進(jìn)行加工
通常所謂的電火花加工,必須是對導(dǎo)電材料。日本最近幾年投入了大量的物力、人力,對良好的絕緣陶瓷材料進(jìn)行了電火花加工試驗(yàn)研究。它們采用將導(dǎo)電性良好的金屬材料,涂或電鍍在欲加工的陶瓷零件表面上,就在普通電火花加工機(jī)床上使試驗(yàn)獲得成功。從試驗(yàn)中可以看到,在電極對表面涂的金屬層放電加工的同時(shí),強(qiáng)大的電火花產(chǎn)生的高溫、熱能能同時(shí)融化、腐蝕掉陶瓷零件。目前,已能對各種陶瓷材料和其它絕緣材料進(jìn)行加工。這一技術(shù)的改進(jìn),不僅極大地?cái)U(kuò)大加工范圍,而且采用將導(dǎo)電性好的材料涂在普通金屬材料上的方法,也能提高電火花加工速度與加工精度。
5.用簡單的圓柱形旋轉(zhuǎn)電極對3D復(fù)雜零件進(jìn)行電火花加工
TOKYO科學(xué)技術(shù)委員會協(xié)會新開發(fā)出在電火花磨削(WEDG)機(jī)床上將兩種加工過程(指電極旋轉(zhuǎn)和進(jìn)給運(yùn)動)結(jié)合在一個(gè)系統(tǒng)上,進(jìn)行微電極(MICRO-ELECTRODE)加工和微電火花(MICRO-EDM)加工:
(1)分層加工。采用一個(gè)小型的圓柱形旋轉(zhuǎn)電極,在零件上進(jìn)行往復(fù)運(yùn)動,一層一層加工掉金屬材料。
(2)采用一個(gè)圓柱形或多面體電極加工復(fù)雜的3D小型模具內(nèi)腔(通過CNC系統(tǒng)控制)等。
為了更有效進(jìn)行以上所述的電火花加工,新研究開發(fā)出一種能實(shí)現(xiàn)對工件材料的高效切除,并能對電極的損耗進(jìn)行自動補(bǔ)償?shù)募庸し椒āK峭ㄟ^CNC系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行電極損耗的自動監(jiān)控與程序修改。這一方法一般用于要求內(nèi)腔形狀尺寸精度高的模具加工。
通過對以上先進(jìn)技術(shù)的合理使用,能進(jìn)一步增加電火花加工的功能,使其成為一種更先進(jìn)更具有市場競爭力的加工手段。
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第二篇:自我介紹英語翻譯中文
自我介紹是日常工作中與陌生人建立關(guān)系、打開局面的一種非常重要的手段。以下是小編帶來自我介紹英語翻譯中文的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,希望對你有幫助。
自我介紹英語翻譯中文
(一):
hello everyone。
now let me talk about myself。
my name is _____。i was born in _____。there are _____people in my family,my father is a _____,my mother is a _______。and as everyone know,im a student。everyone has his own interests。as for me,i like reading books,playing basketball,listening to the music and so on。now today we are in the same class,i hope we will get on well with each other。thanks。
大家好。
此刻讓我來介紹一下我自我我的名字叫______。我出生在_______。我家有_______口人,我的爸爸是一個(gè)________,我的媽媽是_______。那么就如大家所知,我當(dāng)然就是一個(gè)學(xué)生了。每一個(gè)人都有他自我的興趣。至于我,我喜歡看書,打籃球,聽音樂等等。這天我們相聚在同一個(gè)教室,我期望我們將會相處愉悅。多謝大家。
自我介紹英語翻譯中文
(二):
how are you,i call **。this year is 22 years old。graduate from xxxx college。the profession is a calculator multimedia。i am one is bright,()optimism,there is the person of responsibility。a fondness for plays basketball,puter,listen to music,etcthankful your pany gives me this the opportunity of the personal interview!
你好,我叫**。今年22歲。畢業(yè)于****學(xué)院。專業(yè)是計(jì)算機(jī)多媒體。我是一個(gè)開朗,樂觀,有職責(zé)心的人。愛好打籃球,電腦,聽音樂等。感謝貴公司給我這次面試的機(jī)會!
第三篇:英語翻譯資料
英語翻譯資料
Try your hands(小試牛刀)
? 不同的人喜歡不同的音樂。
? 老年人喜歡古典音樂,年輕人喜歡流行音樂。
? 1.Different people like different music.? 2.The old like classical music.? 3.The young like popular music.? 思考: 重復(fù)的表達(dá)是什么?話題是人還是音樂?
? People’s music preferences vary a lot.Classical music appeals to the elderly;whereas popular music caters to the young.Variations for “喜歡”
? like
? enjoy
? prefer
? favor
? be in favor of
? be fond of
? be crazy about
? be keen on
……
? to one’s taste
? cater to
? appeal to
Variations for “我認(rèn)為”
? I think…?
? I believe/ argue/ insist/ claim/maintain/hold/ deem/ As I see it,/ In my opinion,/ From my point of view,/ As to me,/ As for me,/ As regards me,/ When it comes to me,/As far as I am concerned,…
Homework: variations
? 我們必須(應(yīng)該)
? We should(must, have to……)
? We are supposed to do sth.? We are obliged to do sth.? We are compelled(forced)to do sth.? Necessity compels us to do sth.? It is necessary for us to do sth.? It is essential(primary)for us to do sth.? It is our task(duty, job)for us to do sth.? It is advisable for us to do sth.Unit 1: Text A1.Concentrate!Top students allow no interruptions of their study time.Once the books are open, phone calls go unanswered, TV unwatched and newspapers unread.“This doesn’t mean ignoring important things in your life,” Amanda explains.“It means planning your study time so
that you can concentrate.If I’m worried about a sick friend, I call her before I start my homework.Then when I sit down to study, I can really focus.”
Question
? Variations for the same idea(專心致志)
?1.concentrate
?2.allow no interruption
?3.go unanswered/unwatched/unread
?4.ignore any other things
?5.focus
6.direct one’s attention toward/on sth.Variations for fluent English
?尖子學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)不允許別人打擾。
? 1.Top students don’t allow others to interrupt them when they study.2.Top students allow no interruption of their study time
Language Points
Examples: 1)沒有聽到孩子的哭聲。
Nobody heard the baby’s cry.The baby’s cry went unheard.2)沒有人參加婚禮。
Nobody attended the meeting.The wedding went unattended.3)桌子上所有的書沒有一個(gè)人動。
Nobody touched the books.All the books on the table went untouched.XI.Complete the following sentences after the model.1.So many people went to the meeting that Tom’s absence(缺席)_____________.(notice)went unnoticed
2.That is not to say that the crime will______________.(punish)(逍遙法外,天網(wǎng)恢恢,疏而不漏)go unpunished
3.We must not allow any of our mistakes to ____________.(correct)(聽之任之)Go uncorrected
4.It’s especially rewarding to give praise in areas in which effort generally ___________or _______________.(notice, mention)(默默無聞的人們)
go unnoticedgo unmentioned
5.Police are worded that many crimes_______________.(report)
(沒有保案)go unreported
? Only the thought of his mother gave him the strength to go on doing it.? 他想起了母親,才鼓足了勇氣繼續(xù)干下去。
? The want of his family had kept him from school, and he seemed to feel the loss.? 他因家境貧寒失學(xué),似乎感到了失學(xué)之苦。
? Careful comparison of them will show you the differences.? 你只消仔細(xì)比較一下,就會發(fā)現(xiàn)不同。
?
?
?
?
? The morning sun greeted us as we came out on deck.登上甲板,我們便見到了一輪旭日。He gave up all the hope when the appearance of a distant sail candled his hope of rescue.他絕望了,正在此時(shí),他看到了遠(yuǎn)方的帆影,點(diǎn)燃了絕處逢生的希望。Thus the gathering dark often finds me hastening home in a hurrying crowd.It is the longing
to be home that quickens my step.?于是,暮色中匆匆的人群里,總有我趕路的身影,只盼著早些回家。
? Wisdom prepares for the worst;but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes.?[譯文] 聰明人防患于未然,愚蠢者臨渴掘井。
? 如The absence of intelligence is an indication of satisfactory developments.(= No news is
good news.沒有消息就是好消息。)
? 1.I would not believe what he said.? 他的話,我可不信。
? 2.I did not remember a single point discussed at the meeting.會上講了什么,我一點(diǎn)沒記住
? 3.I know Mr.Wang.王先生我認(rèn)識。
4.He is the best singer.唱歌,他是最棒的? 在我的后園,可以看見墻外有兩株樹,一株是棗樹,還有一株也是棗樹?!肚镆埂?-魯
迅
? In our backyard, there stood two trees;one was a Chinese jujube, the other a Chinese jujube
too.? In our backyard, there stood two Chinese jujubes
? 今天晚上,很好的月光。《狂人日記》--魯迅
The moon is extremely bright tonight.1.Even if the monk can run away, his temple cannot run with him.跑得了和尚,跑不了廟。
2.Even if I were to be beaten to death, I will not tell.打死我也不說。
3.Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.謙虛使人進(jìn)步,驕傲使人落后。
4.If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
冬天來了,春天還會遠(yuǎn)嗎?
5.We will not attack unless we are attacked.人不犯我,我不犯人。
?I knew my command of English was my asset, for I might make a deal with a pianist who
would give me access to his piano in exchange for English lessons.?我懂英語,我知道這是我的本錢,我可以和有鋼琴的人 進(jìn)行互助,我教他英語他教
我鋼琴。
對比提高
? 一個(gè)英國人,不會說中國話,有一次在中國旅行。
? There was an Englishman.He could not speak Chinese.He was once traveling in China.? An Englishman who could not speak Chinese was once traveling in China.漢語重意合,疏放流散
? 我們過了江,進(jìn)了車站。我買票,他忙著照看行李。(朱自清《背影》)
? We entered the railway station after crossing the River.While I was at the booking office
buying a ticket, father saw to my luggage.? We crossed the Yangtze and arrived at the station, where I bought a ticket while he saw to my
luggage.? 1.As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain.(由于)天氣很好,我們決定去爬山。
? 2.My sister was expecting me, so I had to go now.我妹妹在等我,我得走了。
? 3.A body in motion remains in motion at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon
by an external force.?沒有外力的作用,運(yùn)動的物體就連續(xù)做勻速直線運(yùn)動。
4.We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin.我們看見了一只知更鳥,知道春天快要到了。
The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungry because he had had no food for two days.[參考譯文] 男孩哭得心都快碎了,當(dāng)我問及他時(shí),他說餓極了,有兩天沒吃了。
1.The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elepants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescopes which have been invented.? 月球離地球非常遙遠(yuǎn),即使那邊山上長著大樹,有大象在跑來跑去,我們用已經(jīng)發(fā)明的最高倍率的望遠(yuǎn)鏡也不能看到它們。
2.Upon his death in 1826, Jefferson was buried under a stone which described him as he had wished to be remembered as the author of the Declaration on Independence and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and the father of the University of Virginia.1826年杰斐遜逝世。按他生前遺愿,在他墓地的石碑上刻著:獨(dú)立宣言和弗吉尼亞州信教自由法令的作者,弗吉尼亞大學(xué)創(chuàng)建人之墓。
? 讓世界了解中國,讓中國走向世界。
Let the other people of the rest of the world know China.Let China make close contact with the rest of the world.? No one is satisfied with his favoritism in his work.?[譯文1] 沒有人對他在工作中的偏愛感到滿意。
?[譯文2] 對他在工作中表現(xiàn)出來的徇私作風(fēng)誰都感到不滿意。
? 1.A son, a job and housekeeping forced romance out.有了兒子,又要工作,又要做家務(wù),就不能卿卿我我了。
? 2.But there had been too much publicity about my case.但我的事現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)搞得滿城風(fēng)雨、人人皆知了。
? 3.The complexity of the human situation and the injustice of the social order demand far
more fundamental changes in the basic structure of society itself than some politicians are willing to admit in their speeches.和有些政客們在演講中愿意公開承認(rèn)的事實(shí)相比,人類生
存狀態(tài)和社會不公正現(xiàn)象目前已經(jīng)非常復(fù)雜,這種復(fù)雜性
要求社會結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行根本性改革。
4.With the credit card it is unnecessary to carry large amounts of cash and are always useful in emergencies.有了這種信用卡,就無需隨身攜帶大量現(xiàn)金,而且在急需
用錢時(shí)非常有用。
? 1.They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他們根本沒有答復(fù),這是不足為奇的。
? 2.Incidentally, I hope to get better medical treatment in these countries than I can possibly
get here in the United States.順便提一下,與我在美國所能得到的治療相比,我希望能在這些國家得到更好的治療。? 3.The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.中國人似乎為他們在經(jīng)濟(jì)上取得的成績而自豪,這是合乎情理的。
4.She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner of the kitchen.她坐在那兒雙手托著下巴,眼睛凝視著小廚房的一角。
1.Admittance Free
免票入場
2.Out of Bounds
游客止步
3.No Admittance Except on Business
閑人免進(jìn)
4.Danger of Death – High Voltage!
高壓(電),生命危險(xiǎn)
? 6.With determination, with luck, and with the help from lots of good people, I was able to
rise from the ashes.? 7.The Universe is not rich enough to buy the vote of an honest man.? 8.It seems that a very difficult decision now faces him.? 9.Anger and bitterness covered upon me for weeks.? 6.憑著我的決心、我的運(yùn)氣,還有許多善良人們的幫助,我終于得以東山再起。? 7.即使你用天下所有的財(cái)富也收買不了一個(gè)正直人的選票。
? 8.他好像面臨著困難的抉擇。
? 9.幾周來我一直感到生氣和傷心。
第四篇:中文格言的英語翻譯
在雅思口語中對于名人格言的運(yùn)用會為分?jǐn)?shù)增色不少,下面就總結(jié)了一些在英語口語考試中可以應(yīng)用的名人名言。
一、關(guān)于友誼的格言
1.A life without a friend is a life without a sun.人生在世無朋友,猶如生活無太陽。
2.When a friend asks, there is no tomorrow.朋友的要求不要拖。
3.Between friends all is common.朋友之間不分彼此。
4.Friendship cannot stand always on one side.來而不往非禮也。
5.Friendship multiplies joys and divides grieves.友誼可以增添歡樂,可以分擔(dān)憂愁。
6.Friendship——one soul in two bodies.友誼是兩人一條心。
7.Everyone hears what you say, friends listen to what you say and real friends listen to what you don’t say.每個(gè)人都能聽到你說的東西;好朋友會去聆聽你說的東西;真正的朋友會去聽你不說的東西。
8.A real friend should have a listening ear, a warming shoulder, a helping hand and most sincere words whenever you are in need.真正的朋友應(yīng)該是無論你什么時(shí)候有需要,他/她都能去傾聽你的訴說,給你依靠,幫助你并給你最真誠的意見和建議。
二、關(guān)于夢想/雄心的格言
1.Where there is life, there is hope.有生命就有希望/留得青山在,不怕沒柴燒。
2.Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.腦中有知識,勝過手中有金錢。
3.Storms make trees take deeper roots.風(fēng)暴使樹木深深扎根。4.Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.心之所愿,無所不成。
5.The shortest answer is doing.最簡單的回答就是干。
6.All things are difficult before they are easy.凡事必先難后易。
7.Great hopes make great man.偉大的理想造就偉大的人。
8.A bold attempt is half success.勇敢的嘗試是成功的一半。
9.Shooting for the moon, even if you miss, you will land yourself among stars.要射就射月亮,就算錯(cuò)過,你也能降落在繁星中。(要有雄心)10.A ship is safe in the harbour, but that’s not what ships are built for.船泊港灣固然安全,但那不是造船的初衷。
11.Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.Alexander Dumas(Davy de La Pailleterie, French Writer)生活沒有目標(biāo)就像航海沒有指南針。(法國作家 大仲馬.A.)
三、關(guān)于堅(jiān)持、不畏艱險(xiǎn)的格言
1.The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “impossible”.(Bonaparte Napoleon, French emperor)凡是決心取得勝利的人是從來不說“不可能的”。(法國皇帝 拿破侖)2.Do not, for one repulse, give up the purpose that you resolved to effect.(William Shakespeare , British dramatist)不要只因一次失敗,就放棄你原來決心想達(dá)到的目的。(英國劇作家 莎士比亞)3.The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.(Franklin Roosevelt , American president)實(shí)現(xiàn)明天理想的唯一障礙是今天的疑慮。(美國總統(tǒng) 羅斯福.)4.Genius only means hard-working all one's life.(Mendeleyer, Russian Chemist)天才只意味著終身不懈的努力。(俄國化學(xué)家 門捷列耶夫)5.Success covers a multitude of blunders.(George Bernard Shaw, British Dramatist)成功由大量的失望鑄就。(英國劇作家 肖伯納)6.Our greatest weakness is giving up.The most certain way to succeed is always to try just one more time.放棄是我們最大的弱點(diǎn)。成功的方法只不過是失敗之后再嘗試一次。
7.Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind on it.世上無難事,只怕有心人。
8.Never say die.
第五篇:自己的專業(yè)所對應(yīng)的英語翻譯
你知道自己專業(yè)對應(yīng)的英文翻譯嗎?
自然科學(xué)
理學(xué) Natural Science
數(shù)學(xué) Mathematics基礎(chǔ)數(shù)學(xué) Fundamental Mathematics計(jì)算數(shù)學(xué) Computational Mathematics概率論與數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì) Probability and Mathematical Statistics應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué) Applied mathematics運(yùn)籌學(xué)與控制論 Operational Research and Cybernetics物理學(xué) Physics理論物理 Theoretical Physics粒子物理與原子核物理 Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子與分子物理 Atomic and Molecular Physics等離子體物理 Plasma Physics凝聚態(tài)物理 Condensed Matter Physics聲學(xué) Acoustics光學(xué) Optics無線電物理 Radio Physics化學(xué) Chemistry無機(jī)化學(xué) Inorganic Chemistry分析化學(xué) Analytical Chemistry有機(jī)化學(xué) Organic Chemistry物理化學(xué)(含化學(xué)物理)Physical Chemistry(including Chemical Physics)高分子化學(xué)與物理 Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文學(xué) Astronomy天體物理 Astrophysics天體測量與天體力學(xué) Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理學(xué) Geography自然地理學(xué) Physical Geography人文地理學(xué) Human Geography地圖學(xué)與地理信息系統(tǒng) Cartography and Geographic Information System大氣科學(xué) Atmospheric Sciences氣象學(xué) Meteorology大氣物理學(xué)與大氣環(huán)境 Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment 海洋科學(xué) Marine Sciences物理海洋學(xué) Physical Oceanography海洋化學(xué) Marine Chemistry 海洋生理學(xué) Marine Biology海洋地質(zhì)學(xué) Marine Geology地球物理學(xué) Geophysics固體地球物理學(xué) Solid Earth Physics空間物理學(xué) Space Physics地質(zhì)學(xué) Geology礦物學(xué)、巖石學(xué)、礦床學(xué) Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology地球化學(xué) Geochemistry古生物學(xué)與地層學(xué)(含古人類學(xué))Paleontology and Stratigraphy(including Paleoanthropology)構(gòu)造地質(zhì)學(xué) Structural Geology第四紀(jì)地質(zhì)學(xué) Quaternary Geology生物學(xué) Biology植物學(xué) Botany動物學(xué) Zoology生理學(xué) Physiology水生生物學(xué) Hydrobiology微生物學(xué) Microbiology神經(jīng)生物學(xué) Neurobiology遺傳學(xué) Genetics發(fā)育生物學(xué) Developmental Biology細(xì)胞生物學(xué) Cell Biology生物化學(xué)與分子生物學(xué) Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理學(xué) Biophysics生態(tài)學(xué) Ecology系統(tǒng)科學(xué) Systems Science 系統(tǒng)理論 Systems Theory 系統(tǒng)分析與集成 Systems Analysis and Integration科學(xué)技術(shù)史 History of Science and Technology
農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)
農(nóng)學(xué) Agriculture作物學(xué) Crop Science作物栽培學(xué)與耕作學(xué) Crop Cultivation and Farming System 作物遺傳育種學(xué) Crop Genetics and Breeding園藝學(xué) Horticulture 果樹學(xué) Pomology蔬菜學(xué) Olericulture茶學(xué) Tea Science農(nóng)業(yè)資源利用學(xué) Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources土壤學(xué) Soil Science植物營養(yǎng)學(xué) Plant Nutrition植物保護(hù)學(xué) Plant Protection植物病理學(xué) Plant Pathology農(nóng)業(yè)昆蟲與害蟲防治 Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control農(nóng)藥學(xué) Pesticide Science畜牧學(xué) Animal Science動物遺傳育種與繁殖 Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Science動物營養(yǎng)與飼料科學(xué) Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草業(yè)科學(xué) Practaculture Science特種經(jīng)濟(jì)動物飼養(yǎng)學(xué)(含蠶、蜂等)The Rearing of Special-type Economic Animals(including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)獸醫(yī)學(xué) Veterinary Medicine基礎(chǔ)獸醫(yī)學(xué) Basic Veterinary Medicine預(yù)防獸醫(yī)學(xué) Preventive Veterinary Medicine臨床獸醫(yī)學(xué) Clinical Veterinary Medicine林學(xué) Forestry林木遺傳育種學(xué) Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育學(xué) Silviculture森林保護(hù)學(xué) Forest Protection森林經(jīng)理學(xué) Forest Management野生動植物保護(hù)與利用 Wildlife Conservation and Utilization園林植物與觀賞園藝 Ornamental Plants and
Horticulture 水土保持與荒漠化防治 Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating水產(chǎn)學(xué) Fisheries Science水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖學(xué) Aquaculture Science捕撈學(xué) Fishing Science漁業(yè)資源學(xué) Science of Fisheries Resources
醫(yī)藥科學(xué)
醫(yī)學(xué) Medicine基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué) Basic Medicine 人體解剖與組織胚胎學(xué) Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology免疫學(xué) Immunology病原生物學(xué) Pathogenic Organisms病理學(xué)與病理生理學(xué) Pathology and Pathophysiology法醫(yī)學(xué) Forensic Medicine 放射醫(yī)學(xué) Radiation Medicine航空航天與航海醫(yī)學(xué) Aerospace and Nautical medicine臨床醫(yī)學(xué) Clinical Medicine內(nèi)科學(xué)(含心血管病學(xué)、血液病學(xué)、呼吸系病學(xué)、消化系病學(xué)、內(nèi)分泌與代謝病學(xué)、腎臟病學(xué)、風(fēng)濕病學(xué)、傳染病學(xué))Internal medicine(including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)兒科學(xué) Pediatrics老年醫(yī)學(xué) Geriatrics神經(jīng)病學(xué) Neurology精神病與精神衛(wèi)生學(xué) Psychiatry and Mental Health 皮膚病與性病學(xué) Dermatology and Venereology影像醫(yī)學(xué)與核醫(yī)學(xué) Imaging and Nuclear Medicine臨床檢驗(yàn)診斷學(xué) Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics護(hù)理學(xué) Nursing外科學(xué)(含普通外科學(xué)、骨外科學(xué)、泌尿外科學(xué)、胸心血管外科學(xué)、神經(jīng)外科學(xué)、整形外科學(xué)、燒傷外科學(xué)、野戰(zhàn)外科學(xué))Surgery(General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)婦產(chǎn)科學(xué) Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科學(xué) Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科學(xué) Otolaryngology腫瘤學(xué) Oncology康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)與理療學(xué) Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy運(yùn)動醫(yī)學(xué) Sports Medicine麻醉學(xué) Anesthesiology急診醫(yī)學(xué) Emergency Medicine口腔醫(yī)學(xué) Stomatology口腔基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué) Basic Science of Stomatology口腔臨床醫(yī)學(xué) Clinical Science of Stomatology公共衛(wèi)生與預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué) Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病與衛(wèi)生統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué) Epidemiology and Health Statistics勞動衛(wèi)生與環(huán)境衛(wèi)生學(xué) Occupational and Environmental Health 營養(yǎng)與食品衛(wèi)生學(xué) Nutrition and Food Hygiene兒少衛(wèi)生與婦幼保健學(xué) Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health 衛(wèi)生毒理學(xué) Hygiene Toxicology軍事預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué) Military Preventive Medicine中醫(yī)學(xué) Chinese Medicine中醫(yī)基礎(chǔ)理論 Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中醫(yī)臨床基礎(chǔ) Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中醫(yī)醫(yī)史文獻(xiàn) History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方劑學(xué) Formulas of Chinese Medicine中醫(yī)診斷學(xué) Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中醫(yī)內(nèi)科學(xué) Chinese Internal Medicine中醫(yī)外科學(xué) Surgery of Chinese Medicine中醫(yī)骨傷科學(xué) Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中醫(yī)婦科學(xué) Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中醫(yī)兒科學(xué) Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中醫(yī)五官科學(xué) Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine針灸推拿學(xué) Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine
民族醫(yī)學(xué) Ethnomedicine中西醫(yī)結(jié)合醫(yī)學(xué) Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西醫(yī)結(jié)合基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué) Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西醫(yī)結(jié)合臨床醫(yī)學(xué) Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine藥學(xué) Pharmaceutical Science藥物化學(xué) Medicinal Chemistry藥劑學(xué) Pharmaceutics生藥學(xué) Pharmacognosy藥物分析學(xué) Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物與生化藥學(xué) Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy藥理學(xué) Pharmacology中藥學(xué) Science of Chinese Pharmacology
工程與技術(shù)科學(xué)
工學(xué) Engineering力學(xué) Mechanics一般力學(xué)與力學(xué)基礎(chǔ) General and Fundamental Mechanics固體力學(xué) Solid Mechanics流體力學(xué) Fluid Mechanics 工程力學(xué) Engineering Mechanics機(jī)械工程 Mechanical Engineering機(jī)械制造及其自動化 Mechanical Manufacture and Automation機(jī)械電子工程 Mechatronic Engineering機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)與理論 Mechanical Design and Theory車輛
工程 Vehicle Engineering光學(xué)工程 Optical Engineering儀器科學(xué)與技術(shù) Instrument Science and Technology精密儀器及機(jī)械 Precision Instrument and Machinery測試計(jì)量技術(shù)及儀器 Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments材料科學(xué)與工程 Materials Science and Engineering材料物理與化學(xué) Materials Physics and Chemistry 材料學(xué) Materialogy材料加工工程 Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化學(xué) Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy鋼鐵冶金 Ferrous Metallurgy有色金屬冶金 Non-ferrous Metallurgy動力工程及工程熱物理 Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics工程熱物理 Engineering Thermophysics熱能工程 Thermal Power Engineering動力機(jī)械及工程 Power Machinery and Engineering流體機(jī)械及工程 Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低溫工程 Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工過程機(jī)械 Chemical Process Equipment電氣工程 Electrical Engineering電機(jī)與電器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus 電力系統(tǒng)及其自動化 Power System and its Automation高電壓與絕緣技術(shù) High Voltage and Insulation Technology 電力電子與電力傳動 Power Electronics and Power Drives電工理論與新技術(shù) Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering電子科學(xué)與技術(shù) Electronics Science and Technology物理電子學(xué) Physical Electronics電路與系統(tǒng) Circuits and Systems微電子學(xué)與固體電子學(xué) Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics電磁場與微波技術(shù) Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息與通信工程 Information and Communication Engineering通信與信息系統(tǒng) Communication and Information Systems信號與信息處理 Signal and Information Processing控制科學(xué)與工程 Control Science and Engineering控制理論與控制工程 Control Theory and Control Engineering檢測技術(shù)與自動化裝置 Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment
系統(tǒng)工程 Systems Engineering模式識別與智能系統(tǒng) Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems 導(dǎo)航、制導(dǎo)與控制 Navigation, Guidance and Control計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù) Computer Science and Technology計(jì)算機(jī)軟件與理論 Computer Software and Theory計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) Computer Systems Organization計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù) Computer Applied Technology建筑學(xué) Architecture建筑歷史與理論 Architectural History and Theory 建筑設(shè)計(jì)及其理論 Architectural Design and Theory城市規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì)(含風(fēng)景園林規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì))Urban Planning and Design(including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技術(shù)科學(xué) Building Technology Science土木工程 Civil Engineering 巖土工程 Geotechnical Engineering結(jié)構(gòu)工程 Structural Engineering市政工程 Municipal Engineering 供熱、供燃?xì)?、通風(fēng)及空調(diào)工程 Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工程及防護(hù)工程 Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering橋梁與隧道工程 Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering水文學(xué)及水資源 Hydrology and Water Resources水力學(xué)及河流動力學(xué) Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工結(jié)構(gòu)工程 Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水電工程 Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程 Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering測繪科學(xué)與技術(shù) Surveying and Mapping大地測量學(xué)與測量工程 Geodesy and Survey Engineering攝影測量與遙感 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 地圖制圖學(xué)與地理信息工程 Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化學(xué)工程與技術(shù) Chemical Engineering and Technology化學(xué)工程 Chemical Engineering化學(xué)工藝 Chemical Technology生物化工 Biochemical Engineering應(yīng)用化學(xué) Applied Chemistry工業(yè)催化 Industrial Catalysis地質(zhì)資源與地質(zhì)工程 Geological Resources and Geological Engineering礦產(chǎn)普查與勘探 Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration地球探測與信息技術(shù) Geodetection and Information Technology地質(zhì)工程 Geological Engineering礦業(yè)工程 Mineral Engineering采礦工程 Mining Engineering礦物加工工程
Mineral Processing Engineering安全技術(shù)及工程 Safety Technology and Engineering石油與天然氣工程 Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油氣井工程 Oil-Gas Well Engineering油氣田開發(fā)工程 Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油氣儲運(yùn)工程 Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering
紡織科學(xué)與工程 Textile Science and Engineering紡織工程 Textile Engineering紡織材料與紡織品設(shè)計(jì) Textile Material and Textiles Design紡織化學(xué)與染整工程 Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering服裝設(shè)計(jì)與工程 Clothing Design and Engineering輕工技術(shù)與工程 The Light Industry Technology and Engineering 制漿造紙工程 Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程 Sugar Engineering發(fā)酵工程 Fermentation Engineering皮革化學(xué)與工程 Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通運(yùn)輸工程 Communication and Transportation Engineering道路與鐵道工程 Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制 Traffic Information Engineering & Control交通運(yùn)輸規(guī)劃與管理 Transportation Planning and Management載運(yùn)工具運(yùn)用工程 Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶與海洋工程 Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶與海洋結(jié)構(gòu)物設(shè)計(jì)制造 Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure輪機(jī)工程 Marine Engine Engineering水聲工程 Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科學(xué)與技術(shù) Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology飛行器設(shè)計(jì) Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推進(jìn)理論與工程 Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程 Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人機(jī)與環(huán)境工程 Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科學(xué)與技術(shù) Armament Science and Technology武器系統(tǒng)與運(yùn)用工程 Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器發(fā)射理論與技術(shù) Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自動武器與彈藥工程 Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering軍事化學(xué)與煙火技術(shù) Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科學(xué)與技術(shù) Nuclear Science and Technology核能科學(xué)與工程 Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循環(huán)與材料 Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技術(shù)及應(yīng)用 Nuclear Technology and Applications輻射防護(hù)及環(huán)境保護(hù) Radiation and Environmental Protection農(nóng)業(yè)工程 Agricultural Engineering農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化工程 Agricultural Mechanization Engineering農(nóng)業(yè)水土工程 Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering農(nóng)業(yè)生物環(huán)境與能源工程 Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering農(nóng)業(yè)電氣化與自動化 Agricultural Electrification and Automation林業(yè)工程 Forestry Engineering森林工程 Forest Engineering木材科學(xué)與技術(shù) Wood Science and Technology林產(chǎn)化學(xué)加工工程 Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程 Environmental Science and Engineering環(huán)境科學(xué) Environmental Science 環(huán)境工程 Environmental Engineering生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程 Biomedical Engineering食品科學(xué)與工程 Food Science and Engineering食品科學(xué) Food Science 糧食、油脂及植物蛋白工程 Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工及貯藏工程 Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水產(chǎn)品加工及貯藏工程 Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products
人文與社會科學(xué)
哲學(xué) Philosophy馬克思主義哲學(xué) Philosophy of Marxism中國哲學(xué) Chinese Philosophy外國哲學(xué) Foreign Philosophies邏輯學(xué) Logic倫理學(xué) Ethics美學(xué) Aesthetics宗教學(xué) Science of Religion科學(xué)技術(shù)哲學(xué) Philosophy of Science and Technology經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) Economics
理論經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) Theoretical Economics政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) Political Economy經(jīng)濟(jì)思想史 History of Economic Thought經(jīng)濟(jì)史 History of Economic西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) Western Economics 世界經(jīng)濟(jì) World Economics人口、資源與環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) Population, Resources and Environmental
Economics
應(yīng)用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) Applied Economics國民經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) National Economics區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) Regional Economics財(cái)政學(xué)(含稅收學(xué))Public Finance(including Taxation)金融學(xué)(含保險(xiǎn)學(xué))Finance(including Insurance)產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) Industrial Economics國際貿(mào)易學(xué) International Trade 勞動經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) Labor Economics統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué) Statistics數(shù)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) Quantitative Economics國防經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) National Defense Economics法學(xué) Law法學(xué) Science of Law法學(xué)理論 Jurisprudence法律史 Legal History憲法學(xué)與行政法學(xué) Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法學(xué) Criminal Jurisprudence民商法學(xué)(含勞動法學(xué)、社會保障法學(xué))Civil Law and Commercial Law(including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law)訴訟法學(xué) Science of Procedure Laws經(jīng)濟(jì)法學(xué) Science of Economic Law環(huán)境與資源保護(hù)法學(xué) Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law 國際法學(xué)(含國際公法學(xué)、國際私法學(xué)、國際經(jīng)濟(jì)法學(xué)、)International law(including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)軍事法學(xué) Science of Military Law政治學(xué) Political Science政治學(xué)理論 Political Theory中外政治制度 Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科學(xué)社會主義與國際共產(chǎn)主義運(yùn)動 Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement中共黨史(含黨的學(xué)說與黨的建設(shè))History of the Communist Party of China(including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)馬克思主義理論與思想政治教育 Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics國際政治學(xué) International Politics國際關(guān)系學(xué) International Relations外交學(xué) Diplomacy社會學(xué) Sociology社會學(xué) Sociology人口學(xué) Demography人類學(xué) Anthropology民俗學(xué)(含中國民間文學(xué))Folklore(including Chinese Folk Literature)民族學(xué) Ethnology 民族學(xué) Ethnology馬克思主義民族理論與政策 Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy中國少數(shù)民族經(jīng)濟(jì) Chinese Ethnic Economics中國少數(shù)民族史 Chinese Ethnic History中國少數(shù)民族藝術(shù) Chinese Ethnic Art教育學(xué) Education教育學(xué) Education Science教育學(xué)原理 Educational Principle課程與教學(xué)論 Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史 History of Education比較教育學(xué) Comparative Education學(xué)前教育學(xué) Pre-school Education高等教育學(xué) Higher Education成人教育學(xué) Adult Education職業(yè)技術(shù)教育學(xué) Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育學(xué) Special Education教育技術(shù)學(xué) Education Technology心理學(xué) Psychology基礎(chǔ)心理學(xué) Basic Psychology發(fā)展與心理學(xué) Developmental and Educational Psychology應(yīng)用心理學(xué) Applied Psychology體育學(xué) Science of Physical Culture and Sports體育人文社會學(xué) Humane and Sociological Science of Sports運(yùn)動人體科學(xué) Human Movement Science體育教育訓(xùn)練學(xué) Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training 民族傳統(tǒng)體育學(xué) Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文學(xué) Literature中國語言文學(xué) Chinese Literature文藝學(xué) Theory of Literature and Art對外漢語 Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language(TCFL)語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué) Linguistics and Applied Linguistics漢語言文字學(xué) Chinese Philology中國古典文獻(xiàn)學(xué) Study of Chinese Classical Text中國古代文學(xué) Ancient Chinese Literature中國現(xiàn)當(dāng)代文學(xué) Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中國少數(shù)民族語言文學(xué) Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature比較文學(xué)與世界文學(xué) Comparative Literature and World Literature外國語言文學(xué) Foreign Languages and Literatures英語語言文學(xué) English Language and Literature俄語語言文學(xué) Russian Language and Literature法語語言文學(xué) French Language and Literature德語語言文學(xué) German Language and Literature日語語言文學(xué) Japanese Language and Literature印度語言文學(xué) Indian Language and Literature西班牙語語言文學(xué) Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯語語言文學(xué) Arabic Language and Literature歐洲語言文學(xué) European Language and Literature亞非語言文學(xué) Asian-African Language and Literature外國語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué) Linguistics and Applied Linguistics inForeign Languages新聞傳播學(xué) Journalism and
Communication新聞學(xué) Journalism傳播學(xué) Communication藝術(shù)學(xué) Art藝術(shù)學(xué) Art Theory音樂學(xué) Music美術(shù)學(xué) Fine Arts設(shè)計(jì)藝術(shù)學(xué) Artistic Design戲劇戲曲學(xué) Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera電影學(xué) Film廣播電視藝術(shù)學(xué) Radio and television Art 舞蹈學(xué) Dance歷史學(xué) History歷史學(xué) History史學(xué)理論及史學(xué)史 Historical Theories and History of Historical Science考古學(xué)及博物館學(xué) Archaeology and Museology歷史地理學(xué) Historical Geography歷史文獻(xiàn)學(xué)(含敦煌學(xué)、古文字學(xué))Studies of Historical Literature(including Paleography and Studies of Dunhuang)專門史 History of Particular Subjects中國古代史 Ancient Chinese History中國近現(xiàn)代史 Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史 World History軍事學(xué) Military Science軍事思想學(xué)及軍事歷史學(xué) Military Thought and Military History軍事思想學(xué) Military Thought軍事歷史學(xué) Military History戰(zhàn)略學(xué) Science of Strategy軍事戰(zhàn)略學(xué) Military Strategy戰(zhàn)爭動員學(xué) War Mobilization戰(zhàn)役學(xué) Science of Operations聯(lián)合戰(zhàn)役學(xué) Joint Operation軍種戰(zhàn)役學(xué)(含第二炮兵戰(zhàn)役學(xué))Armed Service Operation(including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)戰(zhàn)術(shù)學(xué) Science of Tactics合同戰(zhàn)術(shù)學(xué) Combined-Arms Tactics兵種戰(zhàn)術(shù)學(xué) Branch Tactics軍隊(duì)指揮學(xué) Science of Command作戰(zhàn)指揮學(xué) Combat Command 軍事運(yùn)籌學(xué) Military Operation Research軍事通信學(xué) Military Communication軍事情報(bào)學(xué) Military Intelligence密碼學(xué) Cryptography軍事教育訓(xùn)練學(xué)(含軍事體育學(xué))Military Education and Training(including Military Physical Training)軍制學(xué) Science of Military System軍事組織編制學(xué) Military Organizational System軍隊(duì)管理學(xué) Military Management軍隊(duì)政治工作學(xué) Science of Military Political Work軍事后勤學(xué)與軍事裝備學(xué) Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment軍事后勤學(xué) Military Logistics后方專業(yè)勤務(wù) Rear Special Service軍事裝備學(xué) Military Equipment管理學(xué) Management Science管理科學(xué)與工程 Management Science and Engineering工商管理學(xué) Science of Business Administration會計(jì)學(xué) Accounting企業(yè)管理學(xué)(含財(cái)務(wù)管理、市場營銷學(xué)、人力資源管理學(xué))Corporate Management(including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理學(xué) Tourist Management技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)及管理學(xué) Technology Economy and Management農(nóng)林經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué) Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué) Agricultural Economics & Management林業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué) Forestry Economics & Management
公共管理學(xué) Science of Public Management行政管理學(xué) Administration Management社會醫(yī)學(xué)與衛(wèi)生事業(yè)管理學(xué) Social Medicine and Health Management教育經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理學(xué) Educational Economy and Management 社會保障學(xué) Social Security 土地資源管理學(xué) Land Resource Management圖書館、情報(bào)與檔案學(xué) Science of Library, Information and Archival圖書館學(xué) Library Science情報(bào)學(xué) Information Science檔案學(xué) Archival Science