第一篇：創(chuàng)新大學英語1課后英語作文

新入校的大學生都會面臨和同學住宿舍的情況 你希望有學校分配還是自己選擇室友，為什么 如何與室友和睦相處

It is common for university students to share their dormitory room with other students , and at some universities this is required.Since they will spend a great deal of time together and must share a small apace ,it is essential that they be able to get along.for this reason ,I would rather choose my own room-mate than let the university assign one to meBy choosing my own room-mate ,I wouldbe able to live with someone with whom Iam already familiarwhile I look forward to making many new friends at university , I know that not everyone is easy to live with.Therefore ,I wouldrather live with someone I already know well.choosing my own room-mate would also allow me to live with someone whose habits are compatible with my own.this would make it easier for us to share the limited space in a dormitoryroom.Furthermore ,if some misunderstanding or problem should occur ,I would be better able to deal with it if I knew my roommate well

No matter whetherchoosing the room-mate myself or letting the university do it ,I strongly believegood communication helps to make the transition from living in a comfortable home to sharing limited space with “strangers “as smooth as possible

The Celebration of Western Festivals

1.現(xiàn)在國內(nèi)有不少人喜歡過西方的某些節(jié)日 2.產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因 3.這種現(xiàn)象可能帶來的影響 參考范文：

Western festivals are very popular in China, which has aroused great concern among the people around us.Nowadays, many Chinese people, especially youngsters, are paying as much attention to some western festivals as our Spring Festival, that is to say, more and more Chinese like to celebrate western festivals.Taking a look around, you can find too numerous examples to mention individually, and the best one may be Christmas Eve celebrated on December 24th.In addition, other western festivals, like April Fool’s Day and Valentine’s Day, are very popular among the Chinese, especially young people.There are many different factors deciding this phenomenon.Above all, we can clearly see that more and more young age groups are exposed to western culture and festivals through learning English.What’s more, some western festivals provide relaxing and comfortable atmospheres, which attract a large number of Chinese youngsters.Besides, many businessmen view foreign festivals a golden opportunity to make money, who desperately try to boost the atmosphere of foreign festivals.It is far beyond any reasonable doubt that these western festivals now have much wider appeal among the Chinese people.As far as I am concerned, to some extent western festivals have weakened our home-grown festivals’ crucial roles in Chinese traditional culture.Furthermore, these festivals are exerting great influences on young people’s traditional values and thoughts.Therefore, we should not be immersed too much in the western festivals but ignore Chinese traditional festivals.Can Road Accidents Be Avoided? 1． 人們對交通問題越來越關(guān)心。2． 有些人認為交通事故不3． 可避免。4． 我的態(tài)度。

At present, more and more cities are faced with the problem of heavy traffic.And the number of road accidents is on the rise.So more people are much concerned about traffic security problems.Some people say that traffic accidents are unavoidable.They argue that nowadays traffic is much heavier than before.There is often a traffic jam especially in rush hours.Because modern society lives on the basis of vehicles, traffic jams are difficult to eliminate.With the development of industry and population expansion, the condition will be worse.In my opinion, most road accidents can be avoided.The right solution is to lay down more gallop bridges, overpasses and underpasses in big cities.It is well known that the main cause of road accidents is drunk driving and driving with over-speed.If we reinforce the traffic security education and more people comply with traffic regulations, I believe one day traffic accidents can be avoided.文明禮貌

Good manners are very important in the communication of daily life.Everyone likes a person with good manners.But what are good manners?

How does one know what should do and what should not do when

trying to be a good-mannered person?

Well, here are some common examples.A person with good

manners never laughs at a people in trouble.Instead, he(she)always tries to consult or offer help to the person.When he(she)takes a bus and sees an old man or a sick man, he

(she)always gives his(her)seat to him.He doesn't interrupt other people when they are talking.He uses a handkerchief when he sneezes or coughs.He does not

spite in public places.Ideas of what are good manners are not always the same in

different regions.For example, people in Western countries usually kiss each other to show their greetings, whereas in China, kissing in public is something of unusual and sometimes be regarded as impolite to somebody else.So it is important to know what is regarded as polite and impolite

before you go to a region.But remember that it is always right to be kind and helpful to others.環(huán)境與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展

Some people believe that economic development should never be

at the cost of the environment.They think the present serious environmental problems are largely caused by rapid ? economic development.For example, land resources are shrinking because of the industrial development and the expansion of cities.Deserts are spreading because of over grazing, poor fanning, tree cutting, and strip mining.Our air and water supplies are being polluted by poisonous gasses and waste products.It is important, therefore, that we should take another look at the way in which our industries and cities are developing.However, other people think it unnecessary to consider

environmental problems now and our first priority should always be given to economic development.They believe that environmental problems are inevitable and unavoidable in the process of economic development.They are only the by products of economic development, which can be dealt with later when we have the time and money.I think the second idea is completely wrong.Our ultimate aim in

economic development is to provide a comfortable and happy life for our people.What is the point of economic development if we achieve it at the cost of our environment? There has been much evidence to prove that a balance between the two helps more rapid and continuous development.友誼與朋友的關(guān)系

On FriendshipEveryone needs friendship.No one can sail the ocean of life single handed.We need help from, and also give help to, others.In the modern age, people attach more importance to relations and connections.A man of charisma has many friends.His power lies in his ability to give.The term, friend, covers a wide range of readings.It can be a nodding acquaintance, a comrade, a confident, a partner, a playmate, a brother, an intimate etc.As life is full of strife and conflict, we need friends to support and help as out of difficulties.Our friends give us warnings against danger.True friends share not only joy but, more often than not, they share sorrow.With friendship, life is happy and harmonious.Without friendship, life is hostile and unfortunate.I have friends in the rank and file.Some are rich and in power.Some are low and common.Some are like myself, working as a teacher, reading and writing and content with the simple life we have.To many of my friends, I know what to treasure, what to tolerate and what to share, I will never forget my old friends and keep making new friends.I will not he cold and indifferent to the poor friends and will show concern for them, even if it is only a comforting word.

第二篇：大學英語課后翻譯

Unit one 翻譯

1)通過很多熱心人士的努力，慶祝儀式的資金準備就緒了。(in place)

Money for the ceremony is in place through many warm-hearted people’s efforts.2)因為你很可靠，所以我愿意想你訴說心里話。(pour our one’s heart)

I am willing to pour out my heart to you because you are reliable.3)雖然湯姆上個月才大學畢業(yè)，但是他工作起來和熟練工人一樣好。(as well as)

Although Tom graduated from college a month ago, he worked as well as a skilled worker.4)我們像人們介紹可持續(xù)發(fā)展如何與我們的日常說話緊密相連，而且希望這個概念能夠深入人心。(take root in)

We explain to people how “sustainable development” is closely linked with our everyday life and hope that this concept can take root in our community.5)在戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)兩年之后，這兩個兄弟把他的感受毫無拘束地說了出來。(open up)

The two brothers opened up about their feelings two years after war broke out.Unit two 翻譯 1)由于他的努力，音樂會比我們預期的更成功。(thanks to)

Thanks to his effort, the concert is more successful than we have expected.2)因為所有人的努力，我們公司渡過了一個又一個的經(jīng)濟危機。(pull through)

Because all of us work hard, our company has pulled through one economic crisis after another.3)大多數(shù)人都熱愛大自然、向往和平自由的美好生活。而沒有可持續(xù)發(fā)展，這一切都不太可能。(long for)

Most peoples love nature and long for peace and freedom, which is not quite possible without

sustainable development.4)博物館里的每一張照片都讓我們想起戰(zhàn)爭的殘酷(remind of)

Every photo in the museum reminds us of the cruelty of the war.5)你最好親自去，而不要派某個人代表你。(in person)

Instead of sending somebody on your behalf, you had better go in person.6)他預測在未來的幾年里這個地區(qū)不會發(fā)生地震。(break out)

He predicted that earthquakes would not break out in the next few years in this area.2.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1)市場的進一步縮小將會導致經(jīng)濟危機的爆發(fā)。

2)因為世博會，我們都很渴望有機會去上海。

3)我們的英語老師建議我們在網(wǎng)上下載最新的英文電影。

4)如果沒人站出來說出這個項目的問題，這個項目就不可能有所改進。5)我們相信在朋友們的幫助下公司能渡過這場經(jīng)濟危機。

6)很多醫(yī)生對這個新型的感冒很困惑，并盡他們所能及早找到解決方法。

第三篇：大學英語課后翻譯

我的祖母不認識字，可是她有一籮筐的神話和傳奇故事。小時候我總是纏著她，要她給我講故事。而她在忙完家務之后，總會把我抱到膝上，一邊講故事一邊有節(jié)奏地晃動我。

我父母發(fā)現(xiàn)了我對故事的濃厚興趣后，不失時機的引導我進行閱讀。他們給我買了許多帶插圖的故事書，有空的時候就一遍遍地讀給我聽。慢慢地我認識了許多字，能夠自行閱讀了。

Although my grandmother was illiterate ,she had a good stock of myths and legends.When I was young I gave her no peace,constantly asking her to tell me stories.After she had finished her housework,she would lift me onto her lap and tell stories,all the while rocking me in rhythm.Having noticed my interest in stories,my parents lost no time in initiating me into reading.They bought many storybooks with illustrations and whenever free,they would read these stories to me over and over again.By and by I had a vocabulary large enough to read on my own.一項又一項的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，食物和一些慢性病之間有密切的關(guān)系。例如，某些慢性病危險的降低與多吃以植物為基本成分的食物有關(guān)。因此，在過去的十年中，美國飲食協(xié)會敦促美國人減少動物脂肪的攝取，增加水果、蔬菜和谷物的消費。同時，美國農(nóng)業(yè)部發(fā)布了包括食物指導金字塔在內(nèi)的文件，鼓勵人們每天至少吃三道蔬菜和兩份水果。但是，許多美國人還是沒有按照這些建議去做。

Study after study has uncovered the fact that there is a close correlation between food and a number of chronic diseases.For example ,a decreased risk of certain chronic diseases is associated with an increased consumption

of

plant-based foods.Therefore,in the past decade,the American Dietetic Association has urged Americans to reduce their intake of animal fats,and to boost consumption of fruits,vegetables,and grains.Meanwhile ,the United States Department of Agriculture has released a document containing the food guide pyramid,which encourages a minimum of three vegetable and two fruit servings per day.However,many Americans still don’t meet/listen to these recommendations.我們大學的新任校長不贊成在某些情況下容許說謊的看法。他認為人們一旦習慣于說任何一類謊

言，就會縱容自己，最終無法擺脫說謊惡習。是否講謊話有時會成為棘手的難題，但是我們的校長堅持認為在教育青年人的過程中，所有的教育界人士都不得逃避將誠實放在首位的責任。我同意他的看法。你的意見呢？

The new president of our university disapproves of the idea that we should be allowed to tell lies under certain circumstances.He believes that if people get used to telling any kind of lie, they will indulge themselves and eventually be stuck with the bad habit.To tell or not to tell a lie can sometimes become a very sticky issue, but our president insists on the notion that nobody in the world of education should dodge the responsibility of attaching primary importance to honesty while teaching the young.I agree with him.What about you?

賭徒的家人經(jīng)常付出高昂的代價。他們不但要忍受一夜之間失去財富的痛苦，而且時常感到極度沮喪和無望。

一項全國性的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，200多萬成年人認為配偶的賭博行為是他們先前離婚的重要原因。密西西比州一個縣的離婚數(shù)目在賭場出現(xiàn)后較從前幾乎增加了兩倍。該縣還見證了賭場出現(xiàn)后家庭暴力事件的攀升。

大量的事實表明，法律許可的賭博其蔓延之勢毀滅了個人，葬送了家庭，增加了犯罪，最終給社會造成的損失遠遠大于政府從中征的稅收收入。Gamblers’ family members always pay a steep price.They not only have to endure the pain of having their wealth wiped away overnight, but they are also frequently overwhelmed with feelings of depression and hopelessness.A nationwide survey found that over 2 million adults identified a spouse’s gambling as a significant factor in a prior divorce.The number of divorce in a country in Mississippi has nearly tripled since the advent of casinos.The country has also witnessed increases in domestic violence since than.A considerable body of evidence showed that the expansion of legally sanctioned gambling destroys individuals, ruins families, increase crime, and ultimately costs society far more than the revenues government collects.

第四篇：大學英語課后翻譯

Unit1

1.這個小男孩最喜歡做的事就是搭積木。What the boy likes to do most is putting together building blocks.2.就先前的工作經(jīng)驗而言，約翰是這個職位的最佳候選人。

In terms of previous working experience, John is the best choice for this position.3.我的物理老師經(jīng)常使用類比來說明一些較難理解的概念。My physics teacher often uses analogy to explain some difficult concepts.4.在家人和朋友的幫助下，湯姆經(jīng)營的出版企業(yè)逐漸興旺起來。With the help of his family and friends, Tom build up his publishing business bit by bit.5.琳達沒能進入那所著名的大學，但她打算重新開始，而不是逃避挑戰(zhàn)。Linda was not able to go to that famous college, but she planned to start all over again rather than give up the challenge.6.這個公司有著很好的公眾形象。人們總是將它的產(chǎn)品與高質(zhì)量和優(yōu)質(zhì)服務聯(lián)系在一起。This company has a very good public image.People always associate its product with high quality and good service.Unit2

1.孩子們很苦惱，因為他們的家長不允許他們在鐵路軌道旁玩耍。

The children are pretty annoyed that their parents won't allow them to play around the railway track.2.我打賭我只要速度快一點，肯定會比他們先到目的地。

I bet if I pick up a little speed I will reach the destination sooner than they do.3.這種糟糕的天氣讓人不想出去，你還不如在家舒展一下筋骨，做做運動。

You do not want to go out in such rotten weather.It is better for you to stay home and stretch your legs and do physical exercise.4.已經(jīng)十點半了，你不應該還在睡覺！趕快到飛機場去接你表弟。

It is half past ten, and you are not supposed to be sleeping!It is time to head for the airport to pick up your cousin!

5.是誰想讓邁克來接管這項工程的？

Who came up with the idea to ask Mike to take over the project?

6.學校對不同種族背景的學生沒有區(qū)別對待。

The school makes no distinction in treating students from different racial background.Unit 3

1.他是一個合格的機械師，但他后來卻搞起了國際貿(mào)易。

He is a qualified mechanic, but he winds up with a job in international trade.2.他在業(yè)余時間報名參加計算機基礎知識的培訓，但沒能堅持到底。

He enrolled in an elementary computer-training program but failed to get through

3.校長經(jīng)過面試，選擇了幾個優(yōu)秀的大學畢業(yè)生從事教學工作。

After the interview, the principal chose several outstanding university graduates to work as teachers.4.這份合同對我們非常重要，所以寫得越具體越好。我要和同事們好好談談。

This contract is very important to our company.The more concrete it is, the better.I need to talk it over with my colleagues.5.那個小男孩患上了嚴重的白血病，必須轉(zhuǎn)到大醫(yī)院進一步治療。

The boy suffers from severe leukemia and has to be transferred to a big hospital for further treatment.6.當他得知父親所在的學校倒閉后，淚水從他的臉頰上滾落下來。

When he heard that the school where his father worked had closed down, tears rolled down his cheeks.Unit 5

1.移動通信會取代固定電話成為人們最常用的通訊方法嗎？

Will mobile communication edge out fixed lines as the most frequently used means of communication?

2.我指指墻上的鐘。女兒心領神會，加快了穿衣服的速度。

I pointed at the clock on the wall.My daughter took the hint and sped up dressing herself.3.在會議期間，請各位關(guān)閉手機或?qū)⑵湔{(diào)整至靜音狀態(tài)。

Please switch off your cell phone or set it in silent mode during the meeting.4.氣象學家密切關(guān)注臺風的發(fā)展，以便及時向公眾發(fā)布警報。

Meteorologists are on the lookout for the progress of the typhoon so as to alert the public in time.5.小張說中國經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定增長，前景看好，所以他決定回國就業(yè)。

Xiao Zhang cited the steady economic growth in China and its bright future to explain his decision to return to work here.Unit10

1.在孩子個性形成時期，家長要特別關(guān)心并注意他們是否有心理問題的跡象。Parents should pay special attention to their children during their formative years and watch for symptoms of psychological problems.2.天才往往對自己喜愛的事物充滿著激情。

Geniuses usually have a great passion for things they’re interested in.3.他不知道簡就是他的親生姐姐，只是覺得她的名字聽上去有一點點熟悉。

He has no idea that Jane is his biological sister;only her name sounds faintly familiar to him.4.看著稻谷在干燥的陽光下枯死，農(nóng)民們毫無辦法，只有嘆息。

Seeing the rice crops dying in the dry sun, the peasants could do nothing but sigh.5.自從杰克的老板拒絕了他請長假的要求，他一直在考慮辭職。

Ever since his boss turned down his request for a long vacation, Jack has been thinking about quitting his job.6.我不喜歡足球，今天也不例外，我不想和你去看球賽。

I don’t care for soccer, and today’s no exception.So I don’t feel like going to watch the game with you.Unit12

1.他被捕后遭到毒打，但卻沒有向敵人透露任何有用的信息He was brutally beaten after being arrested, but he revealed nothing useful to the enemy.2.他們面試了很多人，最后綞找到了令他們滿意的候選人They interviewed a lot of people before finally getting hold of a satisfactory candidate.3.他自愿捐助修建了一所學校以使那些窮孩子能讀書He made a voluntary construction to the cost of building a school so that poor children could get an education.4.為了你,我一定會努力訓練以爭取獲得進入決賽的資格For your sake I will train very hard to get the qualification for the finals.5.在那樣的情況下他除了勇敢地面對挑戰(zhàn)以外沒有其他選擇Under those circumstances he had no choice but to face up to the challenge bravely.6.如果我們想確保及時到達那里就該早點動身We should start early if we want to make sure of getting there in time.Unit15

1.有一張名牌大學的文憑，即使在公司解雇人的時候他也不擔心會丟工作。

With a diploma form a famous university, he felt secure in his job even when the company was laying off people.2.當鮑勃被指控撒謊時，他勃然大怒。

Bob flew into a rage when(he was)accused of lying.3.由于她的愚蠢，我們的項目徹底泡湯了。

Our project was totally ruined because of her stupidity.4.經(jīng)理深受公司里同事們的尊敬。

The manager was held in high esteem by his colleagues in the company

5.小男孩子跑到他爸爸跟前，興奮地猛拉他的袖子。

The little boy ran up to his father and tugged his sleeve excitedly.6.很顯然，他對他的論文很有信心。

Apparently, he was quite confident about his essay.Unit 16

1.餐廳經(jīng)理一看到百萬富翁來用餐，就顧不得和我們講話了，滿臉放光地迎了上去。

The moment the restaurant manager set his eyes on the millionaire, he cut us short and heated for the latter, his face lighting up.2.歡迎乘坐我們的飛機。商務艙在樓上，經(jīng)濟艙就在這一層。

Welcome aboard our plane.The business class section is upstairs and the economy class is right

on this floor.3.打噴嚏之后要說“對不起”。聽到別人打噴嚏要說“保佑你”。

You must say “Excuse me “after sneezing and “Bless you” when someone else has sneezed.4.六號房間號碼牌掛倒了，變成了九號，快去把它弄正！

1.The sign for Room “NO.6 ” has been turned upside down into “NO.9 ”, Fix it up immediately.5.大超市一來，許多小商店都應聲關(guān)了門。

Many small stores have closed with the arrival of supermarkets.

第五篇：大學英語課后答案

淺析社會主義法治理念

法治理念是人們對法律的功能、作用和法律實施所持有的內(nèi)心信念和觀念。先進的法治理念能夠引領和指導國家機關(guān)、社會組織和人民群眾的法律活動,是國家機關(guān)依法行使國家權(quán)力、服務人民、管理社會的行動指南,是社會組織和人民群眾依法行使權(quán)利、履行義務、承擔責任的思想基礎和價值標準。

2005年,以胡錦濤總書記為首的黨中央領導集體提出了社會主義法治理念這一意義重大、內(nèi)涵豐富的政治和法律命題。在中國特色的社會主義理念下,在我們國家法制建設的過程中,建設有中國特色社會主義理論,堅持和遵循依法治國、公平正義、公正司法、司法為民等社會主義法治理念具有重要的理論和實踐意義。

一、社會主義法治理念的內(nèi)涵

“社會主義法治理念”是關(guān)于社會主義法治的理想、信念和觀念,是社會主義法治的內(nèi)在要求、精神實質(zhì)和基本原則的概括和反映,是立法、執(zhí)法、守法和法律監(jiān)督的基本指導思想。一定的法治理念由一定的社會歷史制度、法律文化和價值觀所決定,一旦形成,便固化于人們的思想中,具有相當?shù)姆€(wěn)定性、持久性;有什么樣的法治理想、信念和觀念,就會表現(xiàn)為什么樣的立法、執(zhí)法及守法行為。法治理念是靈魂,決定著法治的效果。

改革開放以來,我們黨在領導全國人民進行社會主義民主法制建設的偉大實踐中,積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗,提出了一系列正確的法治理念。我國社會主義制度是先進的社會制度,我國社會主義法治理念也一定是先進的法治理念,是真正符合廣大人民群眾利益和需要的法治理念。社會主義法治理念必須體現(xiàn)以下本質(zhì)要求,必須反映和堅持社會主義先進生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展要求,反映和堅持人民民主專政的國體,反映和堅持黨的領導,反映和堅持馬克思主義的指導地位,反映和堅持從中國國情出發(fā)的原則要求,必須反映和堅持改革創(chuàng)新、與時俱進。

按照這些本質(zhì)要求,社會主義法治理念可以概括為“依法治國,執(zhí)法為民,公平正義,服務大局,黨的領導”五個方面的內(nèi)容。依法治國是社會主義法治的核心內(nèi)容,執(zhí)法為民是社會主義法治的本質(zhì)要求,公平正義是社會主義法治的價值追求,服務大局是社會主義法治的重要使命,黨的領導是社會主義法治的根本保證。這五個方面相輔相成,體現(xiàn)了黨的領導、人民當家作主和依法治國的有機統(tǒng)一。

二、堅持貫徹社會主義法治理念的必要性

(一)時代發(fā)展的需要

當前我國處于全面建設小康社會新的發(fā)展階段。新的發(fā)展時期,必然要對法制建設提出新的要求,政法隊伍、政法工作要適應新形勢的要求,就必須有一個科學、明確、符合時代需要的執(zhí)法指導思想。當前我國經(jīng)濟社會正經(jīng)歷著前所未有的巨

大變革,各種經(jīng)濟成份不斷出現(xiàn),使經(jīng)濟實體呈現(xiàn)多元化,必然導致經(jīng)濟利益的多元化。這一時期,既是戰(zhàn)略機遇期,也是社會矛盾尖銳化時期和社會問題多發(fā)期,地區(qū)之間的不平衡、各階層收入差距的拉大、就業(yè)形勢嚴峻等社會矛盾和問題不斷增多,人們的思想、觀念、利益也同時發(fā)生著變化,各種利益沖突不斷發(fā)生,這也要求政法機關(guān)要有一個科學、正確的法治理念,在實際工作中體現(xiàn)出公平、正義,維護各個階層群眾的合法權(quán)益。因此,在我國政法戰(zhàn)線堅持和貫徹社會主義法治理念教育是十分必要和非常及時的戰(zhàn)略舉措。

(二)法制建設的需要

隨著我國各項改革的不斷擴大和深化,司法體制的改革和調(diào)整也必將提上日程。當前我國立法體制中存在諸多問題,例如,立法的超前、快速、規(guī)模龐大、盲目立法等,使出臺的法律、法規(guī)難于滲透到社會生活實際領域,難于被民眾認同、消化、接受,最后變?yōu)橐患埧瘴摹Ｄ壳爸袊姆珊茈y經(jīng)得起理性的檢驗,中國的執(zhí)法困境,立法有不可推卸的責任。包括司法制度、執(zhí)法機制怎么改、如何改才能適應我國民主法制建設和人民當家作主的法制需求,也需要我們有一個統(tǒng)一明確的認識。

(三)社會穩(wěn)定的需要

中國的發(fā)展、富強、崛起和進行社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設必須有一個穩(wěn)定的社會環(huán)境。但也要清醒地認識到,目前影響社會穩(wěn)定與和諧的因素還大量存在,改革和發(fā)展中一些深層次的矛盾和問題逐步暴露出來,人民內(nèi)部矛盾凸顯,有的甚至引發(fā)**。社會管理、經(jīng)濟管理中的新情況新問題也不斷出現(xiàn),極易滋生和誘發(fā)違法犯罪,甚至導致嚴重刑事犯罪高發(fā)。而擔負維護穩(wěn)定重任的政法機關(guān)需要進一步明確自己的使命,需要有一個正確的法治理念。

(四)執(zhí)法的需要

在建設依法治國和建設社會主義和諧社會的進程中,人民群眾民主法治意識日益增強,人民群眾通過司法程序維護自身合法權(quán)益的要求不斷提高。而我們政法隊伍、檢察隊伍在執(zhí)法中存在的執(zhí)法不嚴格、不公正、不文明、不作為的現(xiàn)象,甚至執(zhí)法犯法的情況也時有發(fā)生,上述行為的背后存在著不合時宜的執(zhí)法觀念急需糾正,混亂的執(zhí)法思想需要澄清,不適應新形勢的執(zhí)法思想迫切需要得到改變。

面對新形勢,法律工作者必須主動應對新挑戰(zhàn),積極適應新要求,盡快提高化解社會矛盾的能力、防范和打擊違法犯罪的能力、維護國家政治穩(wěn)定的能力、公正執(zhí)法的能力。而要做到這些,必須用科學、先進、正確的法治理念武裝政法干警頭腦,也就是說,用社會主義法治理念指導政法工作。

三、踐行社會主義法治理念的途徑

如何使社會主義法治理念走入執(zhí)法者頭腦,讓他們在深刻理解、共同感受、真切內(nèi)化這些法律理念的基礎上,引導和自律執(zhí)法辦案行為,應當成為政法隊伍建設共同面臨、必須正視和認真對待的一項重要而極有現(xiàn)實意義的任務。

(一)堅持依法治國

所謂依法治國,就是廣大人民群眾在黨的領導下,依照憲法和法律規(guī)定,通過各種途徑和形式管理國家事務,管理經(jīng)濟、文化事業(yè),管理社會事務,保證國家各項工作都依法進行,逐步實現(xiàn)社會民主的制度化、法律化。實踐依法治國理念對執(zhí)法工作具體有以下三點基本要求:努力提高法律素養(yǎng)——踐行依法治國理念的前提;堅持嚴格執(zhí)法——法治的基本內(nèi)涵;模范遵守法律——執(zhí)法者的應盡責任。

(二)堅持執(zhí)法為民

執(zhí)法為民是社會主義法治的本質(zhì)要求,是黨“立黨為公、執(zhí)政為民”執(zhí)政理念對政法工作的必然要求,是“一切權(quán)力屬于人民”的憲法原則在政法工作中的具體體現(xiàn),是政法工作始終保持正確政治方向的思想保證。

執(zhí)法為民,就是按照“三個代表”重要思想的本質(zhì)要求,把實現(xiàn)好、維護好、發(fā)展好最廣大人民的根本利益作為政法工作的根本出發(fā)點和落腳點,在各項政法工作中切實做到以人為本、執(zhí)法公正、一心為民。正是因為執(zhí)法為民理念對于政法工作的重要作用,因此,各級政法機關(guān)和廣大政法干警,要在開展社會主義法治理念教育活動中,全面深刻理解執(zhí)法為民內(nèi)涵,始終堅持以人為本,牢固樹立執(zhí)法為民理念。

(三)堅持追求公平正義的理念

公平正義是自古以來人類社會共同的、不懈地向往和追求,公平正義是社會主義法治的最高價值目標追求和重要任務,維護和實現(xiàn)公平正義是政法工作的永恒主題和神圣職責,也是政法干警崇高而偉大的使命。只有樹立公平正義的理念,才能使憲法規(guī)定的建設社會主義法治國家的任務落到實處,才能真正維護人民的利益,促進社會和諧發(fā)展。

1.合法合理。合理性是指執(zhí)法中正確行使自由裁量權(quán),所采取的措施、作出的決定合乎理性,符合案件事實、情節(jié),防止濫用職權(quán)、顯失公平。法律設定自由裁量權(quán)是使執(zhí)法機關(guān)具體情況具體分析,既遵守一般要求又體現(xiàn)個別化,按照合理而公正的原則作出正確的選擇和判斷,從而更加準確地貫徹法律的意圖。

2.平等對待。平等對待是法律面前人人平等原則在社會公平正義方面的具體要求,是公平正義的載體和支撐。沒有平等對待,正義便成為抽象的空談。平等對待主要包括以下內(nèi)容:一是反對特權(quán),法律上的平等對待,排除任何特權(quán),反對給予同等條件者不同的待遇。要求在執(zhí)法中堅持依法平等保護各類主體的合法權(quán)益,不分

地域、不分公私、不分貧富、不分民族出身,一律提供平等的司法保護和法律服務。二是禁止歧視,與反對特權(quán)相對,法律上的平等對待不允許對任何在社會關(guān)系中處于劣勢地位的主體有歧視待遇。按照公平正義原則的要求,這些人不但不應當受到其他人的歧視,而且還應當?shù)玫缴鐣o予他們的關(guān)懷援助。我國的法律援助制度、司法救助制度、未成年人在刑事訴訟中的特殊規(guī)定等都貫徹了這一原則。

3.實體與程序公正并重。程序公正不僅是實體公正實現(xiàn)的前提和保障,而且本身也具有獨立的價值。在現(xiàn)代社會,程序法是否完備并得到嚴格的遵守執(zhí)行,是衡量一個國家法制文明、司法公正、訴訟民主、人權(quán)保障程度的重要標志。程序公正具有以下幾個方面的目的和價值:一是應當保障實體公正的實現(xiàn)。實體公正是一種結(jié)果的公正,而任何結(jié)果都是經(jīng)過一定的過程得以實現(xiàn)的。程序的設計配置,首先是保證執(zhí)法司法機關(guān)正確地發(fā)現(xiàn)案件的真實情況,全面客觀地收集證據(jù),準確地適用法律,正確地處理案件,保證實體法的實現(xiàn)。二是賦予當事人充分的權(quán)利并提供權(quán)利被侵犯時的救濟渠道,有效地保障人權(quán)。程序公正要求以人為本,充分尊重當事人、行政相對人的人格尊嚴和主體地位,保障其應有的知情、參與、陳述、抗辯、申訴、獲得法律幫助等各項權(quán)利,使其感受到客觀、公平、充分參與、主張和意見得到充分表達,增強行政執(zhí)法決定和司法決定的可接受性。三是規(guī)范執(zhí)法行為,克服執(zhí)法者的隨意性,防止權(quán)力的濫用。任何權(quán)力都有濫用的可能,僅僅把正義實現(xiàn)的希望寄托于執(zhí)法者良好的道德修養(yǎng)是不夠的。只有借助制度的力量和約束,人們才能對執(zhí)法的結(jié)果有一個相對穩(wěn)定的預期,而程序正義的一個突出功能就是對權(quán)力可能被濫用進行限制和制約。

(四)樹立服務大局思想

服務大局是社會主義法治的重要使命,是執(zhí)法機關(guān)應切實履行的重大職責。牢固樹立服務大局的理念,要求各級執(zhí)法部門要把執(zhí)法工作放到黨和國家工作大局中來認識、把握和部署,立足本職,全面正確履行職責。

1.牢固樹立服務大局的思想。要善于圍繞大局籌劃部署工作。學會從大局出發(fā)、從大局著眼,自覺地把各項工作融入到大局之中來思考、謀劃和部署,把本地、本部門的工作作為保障黨和國家大局的必要環(huán)節(jié)努力做好,使各項工作切實體現(xiàn)服務大局的要求。為此,要做到兩點,一要統(tǒng)籌兼顧;二要善于結(jié)合實際創(chuàng)造性地開展工作。同時,適時地根據(jù)形勢的發(fā)展變化研究工作思路,確定工作重點,調(diào)整策略方法,增添工作舉措,確保在服務大局中更有作為。

2.立足本職。立足本職是服務大局的基礎。執(zhí)法人員要立足各自的工作崗位,結(jié)合自己的職責任務去服務大局,切實執(zhí)好法、辦好案、服好務,不能把大局看成是“摸不到,夠不著”的目標,對服務大局無從著手。實際上,我們的日常工作與大局工作就是緊密相關(guān)的,按照崗位職責要求,認真盡職盡責做好每一項工作,辦好每一件案件,就是為大局服務。本職工作做不好,服務大局就會成為一句空話。要依法做好本職工作,按照法律賦予的權(quán)限,嚴格依法辦事,公正文明執(zhí)法,熱情周到服務,不失職、瀆職,不濫用職權(quán),不違法辦案、執(zhí)法違法,優(yōu)質(zhì)高效地做好崗位職責所要求的具體工作,正確有效地為大局服務,使人民群眾滿意,黨委、政府滿意。

3.正確履職。正確履職是服務大局的關(guān)鍵。執(zhí)法部門、執(zhí)法人員只有全面正確履行好各自的職責,才能正確而有效地服務大局,取得好的效果。

社會主義法治理念是建設法治國家的靈魂。正如胡錦濤同志指出的:“理念是行動的指南。我們實施依法治國的基本方略,建設社會主義法治國家,既要積極加強法制建設,又要牢固樹立社會主義法治理念。”特別是在當前我國經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時期,堅持貫徹社會主義法治理念,對貫徹科學發(fā)展觀、構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會有著重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。