第一篇：作文賞析一

緩緩品生活

狄更斯在《雙城記》中寫道：“這是最好的時代。這是最壞的時代。”這句話同樣適用于現在，并且我認為還可再添上一句話：“這是需要慢一點的時候。”因為許多人都在奔忙，為名為利為富貴??

我曾經看到過一篇文章，說香港少有咖啡館，多是油膩膩、甜滋滋的餐廳。為了維持在某地區排行榜上的前列，香港全民都在奮斗，根本無暇在咖啡館中與朋友聊天、消磨時光。香港是很富裕，可是香港人整天皆在為名利奔忙，難道不覺乏味疲累？難道不覺被工作填滿的生活枯燥無味？臺灣作家龍應臺說過：“奔忙，使思想家變成名嘴，使名嘴變成娛樂家，使娛樂家變成聒噪的小丑。”一味奔忙的人生看似充實，實則是個悲劇。

相比之下，臺灣人則智慧得多，在臺灣，轉角即是咖啡館，臺灣的咖啡文化不需刻意即已形成，這也就不難解釋為什么香港多富豪而臺灣多啟人心智的作家了。

在內地，在我們中國的大陸上，生活正在往香港模式前進，這一點，從“國考”的激烈程度中可窺一斑。做公務員，既有好聽的名聲又可獲得鐵飯碗，實在是當今中國社會上大多數人夢寐以求的事。可是，正如周國平先生所說，那些在名利場上折騰的人，他們既然聽不見自己的聲音，就更聽不見靈魂的聲音了。川端康成便是一個不幸的例子。川端康成獲得諾貝爾文學獎后，采訪者和慕名而來者絡繹不絕，他既獲得了名，也獲得了利。卻失去了更為珍貴的“靜”，因此晚年幾乎無所成就，只能在慨嘆“太擁塞了”后無奈地結束自己的生命。

為名利奔忙。為名利所擾會使我們失去自己的本心，失去生命本應有悠閑的歡樂。而當我們慢一點，甚至停下來小憩一會，我們便會驚覺。原來生命如此豐富多彩。

遠離名利場，才有了陶淵明“采菊東籬下”的悠然，才有了王維“空山新雨后”的寂靜，才有了梭羅瓦爾登湖畔詩意的棲居，才有了錢鐘書這樣的大家。現在的中國，真真需要慢一慢，享受片刻悠閑的生活。

古人說“陌上花開，可緩緩歸也。”我想說，生活如此美好，可緩緩行也。遠離名利場，真正地感受生活的美好吧！

[簡評]

本文能扣住材料內涵行文立意——“遠離名利，感受生活的美好和悠閑”。舉例信手拈來、恰當自然，論證充分。更難能可貴的是，作為一篇議論文，語言絕無刻意為之的生硬，自然流暢，顯示出很強的寫作功底。不足之處是，文題“緩緩品生活”，其“緩緩”二字突顯的是生活節奏的問題，不切合材料。綜合考慮，本文評為一類中64分。

絕望之處孕育的新生

高檔的裙子被一個小小的煙頭燒出了一個窟窿，看著完美作品轉眼成空的你如何是好呢？或許你會咒罵那承擔了千古罪名的煙頭毀了你藝術的高峰，或許你會終日想著如何把它復原到起初無瑕的完美而再無新作誕生??可是他卻不一樣，誰說這窟窿不是上帝仁慈的扶持？復制幾個，飾以金邊，一條“金邊鳳尾裙”把這裁縫推上了更高的云端。世界上很多時候就是這樣，正如《無望井》一書里讓我感觸最深的一句話：“在最深的絕望中，你會看到最美麗的希望的星空。”絕望與希望本來就只差一線，以勇氣掙開絕望的束縛，用心去拓展希望的疆域，一個人總能創造出意料之外也是情理之中的奇跡。

敵軍的第五次圍剿終于沖破了我軍戰士們死守的防線，人民的軍隊陷入了最大的危機中，這是令人絕望的黑暗。可是深知歷史發展的我們都清楚，正是這次危機促成紅軍壯烈的二萬五千里長征。在毛主席的領導下，人民軍隊在陜甘寧地區憑著地形的優勢從此站穩了腳跟。更不用說，后來還在那里團結了西北人民強大的力量，成立了敵后根據地，給予了日本侵略者最沉重的打擊。如此看來，這一危機不也是讓黨的軍隊真正扎根于廣大農民群眾的轉機嗎？

絕望的危機總能激發人最深最尖銳的智慧，而往往正是

逼近中、壓力下迸發出的思考反而照亮了漆黑一片的夜空。我很佩服中國人民“置諸死地而后生”的見識與睿智，正如小說中虛竹的那一步棋，失了一大片疆土的同時卻換得柳暗花明的新局面。人是應該有點放手的胸襟，為什么非要保住大手大腳的占地呢？為什么非要死守原來的絕妙呢？死守的結果可能是連原有的高度也不能保證，但敢于嘗試新的路向卻可能給予你更意想不到的“洞天之所”！又想起那孔明聞名于世的“空城計”，原有的勢單力薄是絕望，但這位智者并沒有因此放棄，帶著對司馬懿的了解與放手一搏的信心，他大開城門，焚香彈琴，以出人意料的計謀贏得了漂亮的勝利。

掙開絕望吧，你就能看到希望的新光！

評語：本文以“絕望之處孕育的新生”為題，把握住裁縫在壞事出現后擺脫不利的局面，變廢為寶這一材料重點，審題準確。文中組織多個材料，均扣住人們在絕望處如何通過主觀努力，巧妙地化腐朽為神奇這一題意，論述語言自然流暢，語句使用準確到位，思路清晰，內容環環相扣。美中不足的是文章后半部分由于時間掌握不好，顯得較倉促。

【樣文二】

柳暗花明又一村

生命是一條沒有回程的單行線。隨著時間齒輪地滾動向前，有時我們會滾進“山重水復疑無路”的窘境，但我們沒有退路，無法回到從前。因此，只有用智慧，用努力，用永

不言棄，才能“柳暗花明又一村”。

我們要用智慧去面對殘局困境。有一位粗心的裁縫在裁制高檔裙子時不小心在上面燒了個窟窿，眼看就要損失慘重，他靈機一動，憑著他的智慧和高超手藝使裙子別具特色，備受追捧，生意自然也就十分紅火。從這個故事里我們可以得到啟發，假如在殘局困難面前，不發揮智慧，那么就不是“山重水復疑無路”，而是“山重水復必無路”了。我們要用努力去扭轉殘局，克服困難。不通過努力，再多的智慧也只能付諸東流，再多的智慧也無法扭轉殘局，走出困境。我們說霍金是一個有智慧的人，但與其說他有智慧，不如說他努力。他很小的時候已經殘疾，下半身動彈不了，即便是一個很有智慧的人面對這樣的困境，拋棄努力又如何成功呢？因此，我們說努力是扭轉殘局，克服困難的重要因

素。

我們更要用永不言棄態度去改變殘局困境。試想一個人在山重水復疑無路時，高舉雙手向命運投降，這無異于等死！貝多芬作為一名音樂家，失聰對他來說無異于把他逼進“無路”之境，是什么令他堅持下來了？是什么讓他憑著手感“摸”出音樂來？是什么令他在失聰以后還能創作出家喻戶曉、廣為流傳的不朽作品？我想，正是他那永不言棄的積極態度幫他改變了殘局，克服了困難，終于換來“柳暗花明又一村”。著名的殘疾作家張海迪也是憑著她那在困難面前不低頭，殘局面前不氣餒的積極態度，改變了一個又一個殘局，克服了一個又一個困難，從而向世人訴說了身殘志堅的勵志道理。經歷風雨，又見彩虹。

生命繼續進行著，時間的齒輪繼續滾動著，當我們陷入“疑無路”之困境，不要只會后悔，不要只會氣餒，用智慧，用努力，用永不言棄的態度，定能“柳暗花明又一村”！評語：這篇文章立意準確，結構層次清晰。題目引用詩句，切合材料，并且在文章中多次扣題，靈活的運用表現了作者對材料理解得非常到位。論述過程中對三個分論點的論證有理有據，條理清晰。但美中不足的是文章語言表達還顯平淡，文采不足。

【樣文三】

意外與困難的門扉之后

當你不小心走上了計劃外的道路，請相信“條條大路通

羅馬”的古語，滿懷信心地往前走吧。

當被意外的風吹離了計劃的航線，請看到陌生卻又光亮的燈塔，清醒勇敢地掌好舵吧。

當被錯誤的地圖帶進了死胡同，請思考忽略的可能性吧，冷靜、沉著地越過阻礙。

因為，意外并不可怕，可怕的是向意外與困境投降。一位裁縫將高檔裙子上燒出來的窟窿裝飾一番，成為時髦的“金邊鳳尾裙”。你看，像這樣的事情時有存在。因此，我們不必向意外與困難投降，只要我們愿意挑戰。以一顆信心，迎著未知的意外與困難前進。麥哲倫完成環球航行，當中的驚險可想而知，然而在遇到困難及海上疾病時，他并沒有放棄，甚至當機立斷地改航道，意外地發現許多海峽海島。畫錯的細節往往讓畫家們無所適從，然而妙手一揮，也可促成點睛之筆。關鍵是信心，信自己，也信生

活，信這個機遇遍布的世界。

以一雙亮眼，察覺意外與困難中潛藏的奇跡。煉丹師們造成的爆炸本是意外本是失敗，卻有人從中看到了可能，進而發明了火藥。商機也是這樣，善于觀察，善于了解細節的眼盯上的，像剛開始不被看好的高科技產業、電腦市場，卻能被有識之士看上。關鍵是敏銳的眼光，看細節，看世界，看這個廣闊的未來。

以一身智慧，思索意外中埋藏著的道理與意義。盡管靈感是促成意外向成功轉化的主要因素，但更多時候，靈機一觸不及深思熟慮可靠。從“推”與“敲”的思考中，我們了解到意外而來的難題，就像詩歌中的煉字，需要去想而不是橫沖直撞。百事可樂公司總裁也曾陷入要將公司賣給可口可樂集團的困境，然而苦心經營幾載，終于還是用思想、用智慧壘起了公司的基業。關鍵是智慧的頭腦，想問題，想方法，想這個世界的法則。

生活本身就是意外。有人去算了一個人誕生于世的幾率，分母可以用無限大去形容。生活不可能擺脫意外。既然我們意外降生，從而活了下來，困境與意外，又有什么可怕的呢？走吧。當生活向你開了一扇意外的、甚至是不好的門，面對艱難的前路，走下去，也總是有未來的。

門扉之后，將是一個新世界。

評語：本文在立意上屬于切合題意，三個分論點能做到切合材料，其中所使用的事實論據能夠支撐論點，但第二個分論點的論述稍有偏差。在表述上明顯感受到該生在平時語言表達時能力不錯，如文章的題目、開頭前三段和結尾都相當有

文學味道，但有些繁復晦澀，造成表意不夠流暢，不夠明確。

第二篇：一-英語作文賞析

一 ~~~ the + ~ est + 名詞 +(that)+ 主詞 + have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read, etc)

~~~ the most + 形容詞 + 名詞 +(that)+ 主詞 + have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read, etc)

例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海倫是我所看過最美麗的女孩。

Mr.Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.張老師是我曾經遇到最仁慈的教師。

二 Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + than to + V

例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.沒有比接受教育更重要的事。

三 ~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎么強調……的重要性也不為過。）

例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我們再怎么強調保護眼睛的重要性也不為過。

四 There is no denying that + S + V...（不可否認的……）

例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否認的，我們的生活品質已經每況愈下。

五 It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~（全世界都知道……）例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.全世界都知道樹木對我們是不可或缺的。

六 There is no doubt that + 句子~~（毫無疑問的……）

例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫無疑問的我們的教育制度令人不滿意。

七 An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子（……的優點是……）

例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create(produce)any pollution.使用太陽能的優點是它不會制造任何污染。

八 The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子（……的原因是……）

例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.我們必須種樹的原因是它們能供應我們新鮮的空氣。

九 So + 形容詞 + be + 主詞 + that + 句子（如此……以致于……）

例句：So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.時間是如此珍貴，我們經不起浪費它。

十 Adj + as + Subject（主詞）+ be, S + V~~~（雖然……）

例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.(by no means = in no way = on no account 一點也不)雖然我們的國家富有，我們的生活品質絕對令人不滿意。

十一 The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~

The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~（愈……愈……）

例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.你愈努力，你愈進步。

The more books we read, the more learned we become.我們書讀愈多，我們愈有學問。

十二 By +Ving, ~~ can ~~（借著……，能夠……）

例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.借著做運動，我們能夠始終保持健康。

十三 ~~~ enable + Object（受詞）+ to + V（使……能夠……）

例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.聽音樂使我們能夠感覺輕松。

十四 On no account can we + V ~~~（我們絕對不能……）

例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我們絕對不能忽略知識的價值。

十五 It is time + S + 過去式（該是……的時候了）

例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.該是有關當局采取適當的措施來解決交通問題的時候了。Agreement: 主語和謂語在人稱、數上的一致，關系代詞與先行詞的一致。

Ambiguity: 盡量不去使用可能引起歧義的詞語或句子。

Brief: 文章“簡為貴”，要抓住要點，簡明扼要。

Coherence: 文理通順，前后連貫。

Development: 主題的發揮應當充分、合理、正確。

Division: 詞匯、句子、段落要分配使用得當，劃分要清楚，避免使用重復字句和種子片段。

Figures: 正確合理使用各類修辭格式。

Inflated diction: 不使用做作的語言。

Key: 用適當的關鍵詞突出主題，每段都應有主題句。

Logical: 內容要符合邏輯。

Message: 信息要新鮮、確實、可信。

Omit: 合理刪除多余的不必要部分。

Proposition: 主張、觀點、論述要清楚肯切、合情入理。

Punctuation: 正確適時使用標點符號。

Relevant: 文章一定要要題。

Sentence pattern: 句型要盡量多樣化。

Strait: 開門見山，直來直去。

Style: 文體恰切，適合內容要求。

Tense: 動詞時態要正確、一致、變化合理。

Theme: 選題得當，主題突出

1.增補(Addition)

in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what`s more, similarly, next, finally.2.比較(Comparison)in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as 3.對照(Contrast)

whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while

4.因果(Cause and Effect)

because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus

5.強調(Emphasis)

certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant

6.讓步(Concession)

although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....7.例證(Exemplification)

for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.8.總結(Conclusion)

to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary

9.推斷(Inference)

therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise 10.時間和空間(Time and Space)afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of I.用于文章主題句

1.不用說?…

It goes without saying that子句 =(It is)needless to say(that)子句 = It is obvious that子句 = Obviously, S.+ V.例︰不用說早睡早起是值得的。

It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.2.…是不可能的;無法… There is no Ving = There is no way of Ving.= There is no possibility of Ving.= It is impossible to V.= It is out of the question to V.= No one can V.= We cannot V.例︰不可否認的?成功的事業關鍵在于健康的身心。There is not denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.3.我深信…

I am greatly convinced(that)子句 = I am greatly assured(that)子句 例︰我深信預防是于治療。

I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure.4.在各種…之中?… Among various kinds of …, … = Of all the …, …

例︰在各種運動中?我尤其喜歡慢跑。

Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.5.…是很容易證明的。It can be easily proved(that)子句 例︰時間最珍貴是很容易證明的。

It can be easily proved that nothing is more precious than time.6.…無論如何強調都不為過 … cannot be overemphasized

例︰交通安全的重要性無論如何強調都不為過。The importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.7.就我的看法?…；我認為… In my opinion, … = To my mind, ….= As far as I am concerned, … = I am of the opinion that子句

例︰就我的看法?打電動玩具既花費時間也有害健康。

In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.8.(A)每個人都知道… Everyone knows(that)子句(B)就我所知?…

As far as my knowledge is concerned, … 例︰就我所知?下列方法對我幫助很大。

As far as my knowledge is concerned, the following ways are of great help to me.9.毫無疑問地?… There is no doubt(that)子句

例︰毫無疑問地?近視在我國的年輕人中是一個嚴重的問題。

There is no doubt that near-sightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.10.根據我個人經驗?…

According to my personal experience, … = Based on my personal experience, …

例︰根據我個人經驗?微笑已帶給我許多好處。

According to my personal experience, smile has done me a lot of good.11.在我認識的人當中?也許沒有一個人比…更值得我尊敬。Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than …

例︰在我認識的人當中?也許沒有一個人比我的英文老師張老師更值得我尊敬。Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than Miss Chang, my English teacher.12.在我的求學過程中?我忘不了…

In the course of my schooling.I will never forget …

例︰在我的求學過程中?我忘不了學習英文所遭到的大困難。

In the course of my schooling.I will never forget the great difficulty I encountered in learning English.13.(A)隨著人口的增加?… With the increase/growth of the population, …(B)隨著科技的進步, … With the advance of science and technology, … 例︰隨著臺灣經濟的快速發展?許多社會問題產生了。

With the rapid development of Taiwan's economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.14.(A)在這信息的年代?…扮演重要的角色。

In the age of information and communication, … plays an important role.(B)在今日工業社會中?…是生命不可或缺的。In today's industrial society, … is indispensable to life.例︰在這信息的年代?計算機扮演非常重要的角色。

In this age of information and communication, the computer plays an extremely important role.15.在討論…?一個人不得不承認…。

In dealing with …, one cannot but admit(that)子句

例︰在討論未來的職業?一個人不得不承認盡早決定未來的職業很重要。

In dealing with one's future career, one cannot but admit that it is very important to decide one's future career as early as possible.16.世上沒有什么比…更令我高興。

Nothing in the world can delight me so much as … 例︰世上沒有什么比到快餐店吃漢堡更令我高興。

Nothing in the world can delight me so much as having hamburgers in fast-food restaurants.17.… 是必要的 It is necessary that S(should)V … 是重要的 It is important/essential that S(should)V … 是適當的 It is proper that S(should)V … 是緊急的 It is urgent that S(should)V 例︰我們當保持公共場所清潔是應當的。It is proper that we(should)keep the public places clean.18.每當我聽到…?我就忍不住感到興奮。Whenever I hear …, I cannot but feel excited.每當我做…? 我就忍不住感到悲傷。Whenever I do …, I cannot but feel sad.每當我想到…?我就忍不住感到緊張。Whenever I think of …, I cannot but feel nervous.每當我遭遇…?我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …, I cannot but feel frightened.每當我看到… 我就忍不住感到驚訝。Whenever I see …, I cannot but feel surprised.例︰每當我想到我家附近那一條清澈的小溪?我就忍不住感到悲傷。Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.19.據說… It is said(that)子句 一般認為… It is thought(that)子句 大家都知道… It is known(that)子句 據報導… It is reported(that)子句 一般預料… It is expected(that)子句 一般估計… It is estimated(that)子句 一般相信… It is believed(that)子句

例︰一般相信閱讀增加我們的知識、擴大我們的心胸。

It is believed(that)reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.20.…的主要理由是… The main reason why …..is(that)子句

例︰青少年犯罪的主要理由是社會環境日一敗壞。

The main reason why the juveniles commit crimes is that social environment is becoming worse.21.俗語說得好：「…」。Well goes an old saying, “…”

= As an old saying goes(runs, says), “…” = An old saying goes, “…” = It's an old saying(that)子句 例︰俗話說得好：「誠實為上策」。

As an old saying goes, “Honesty is the best policy.” 22.(A)…用下列方法… … in the following ways.(B)…有三個主要理由。… for three major reasons.(C)要…?至少我們可做三件事。To …, there are at least three things we can do.例︰(A)我用下列方法增加信心。

I increase my confidence in the following ways.(B)人們學外語有三個理由。

People learn a foreign language for three major reasons.(C)為了維護健康?我們每天至少可做三件事。To keep healthy, there are at least three things we can do every day.II.用于文章承轉句 23.那就是(說)…；亦即… That is to say, … = That is, … = Namely, …

例︰我們生活需有規律。也就是說?早睡早起?戒除煙酒。

We need to live a regular life.That is, we can keep good hours and refrain from smoking and drinking in the daily activities.24.(A)基于這個理由?… For this reason, …(B)為了這個目的?… For this purpose, …

例︰基于這個理由?我已決定把行醫作為未來的職業。

For this reason, I have decided to take practicing medicine as my future career.25.我們有理由相信…

We have reasons to believe(that)子句 例︰我們有理由相信體罰應該嚴格禁止。

We have reasons to believe that corporal punishment should be strictly prohibited.26.事實上?… As a matter of fact, … = In fact, …

例︰事實上?健康才是最重要。As a matter of fact, it is health that counts.27.(A)例如?… For example, …(B)拿…做例子 Take … for example.例︰例如?我們盲目地提高生活水準?卻降低生活品質。

For example, we elevate the living standards blindly, but lower the quality of life.28.此外?我們不應忽視…

Besides(In addition), we should not neglect …

例︰此外?我們不應忽視每個人都想要一個溫馨祥和的社會。

In addition, we should not neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.29.相反地?… on the contrary, … = by contrast, …

例︰相反地?少數學生似乎還在鬼混。

On the contrary, a few students, it seems, are still fooling around.30.另一方面?… on the other hand, …

例︰政府應嚴格執法?另一方面?大眾也應該培養減少污染的好習慣。The government should enforce laws strictly.On the other hand, the public also should develop the good habit of reducing pollution.31.然而?很可惜的是… However, it is a pity that子句

例︰然而?很可惜的是他總是臨時抱佛腳。

However, it is a pity that he should always cram at the eleventh hour.32.換言之?… in other words, … = to put it differently 例︰換言之?我會盡最大的努力達成我的目標。

In other words, I will try my best to attain(gain, live up to)my goal.33.別人可能認為這是事實?但我不是。我認為…

It may be true as assumed by others, but I don't.I believe that子句 例︰別人可能認為這是事實?但我不是。我認為…

It may be true as assumed by others, but I don't.I believe that if you have strong determination and perseverance, the success will certainly come to you in the end.34.從此之后?我已發現…

Ever since then, I have found that子句 例︰從此之后?我已發現… Ever since then, I have found smile the best way to avoid any possible conflicts in our daily lives.35.這樣說來?假如...?當然毫無疑問地…。

In this light, if…, there can surely be no doubt(that)子句

例︰這樣說來?假如我們能善用時間?當然毫無疑問地我們會成功。

In this light, if we can make good use of time, there can surely be no doubt that we will get somewhere.36.更嚴重的是?…。

What is more serious is(that)子句 例︰更嚴重的是?我們不珍惜野生動物。

What is more serious is that we do not cherish the wildlife.37.鑒于社會的實際需要?…。

In view of the practical need of society, ….例︰鑒于社會的實際需要?愈來愈多人對學英語有興趣。

In view of the practical need of society, there are more and more people interested in learning English.III.用于文章結論句 38.如果能實踐這三點?…。

If one can really put the three points into action(practice), … 例︰如果能實踐這三點?…。If one can really put the three points into action(practice), he will surely be able to live a healthy and happy life.39.做這些簡單之事?我們一定可以…。By doing these simple things, we surely can ….例︰做這些簡單之事?我們一定可以快樂出門平安回家。

By doing these simple things, we surely can go out of the door happily and come back home safe every day.40.如此?我相信…。In this way, I believe(that)子句

例︰如此?我相信大家能夠像我一樣?享受乘坐公車的樂趣。

In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to enjoy the bus ride like me.41.實踐這些?…。

By putting them(the above)into practice, ….例︰實踐這些?在智育方面我一直能不斷進步。

By putting them(the above)into practice, I have been able to make constant progress in intellectual education.42.(A)唯有符合此三項要求?我們才能…。Only by living up to the three requirements, can we ….(B)唯有通力合作?我們才能…。Only with combined efforts, can we ….例︰唯有通力合作?我們才能期望臺灣不久有新的面貌。

Only with combined efforts, can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course.43.最后?但并非最不重要?…。Last but no least, ….例︰最后?但并非最不重要?教育上的缺失是助長青少年犯罪的原因。Last but no least, the shortcoming in education is the cause contributing to juvenile delinquency.44.這證據顯示～的重要性在怎么強調都不為過。

This evidence shows that the importance of ～ cannot be overemphasized.例︰這證據顯示交通安全的重要性在怎么強調都不為過。

This evidence shows that the importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.45.由于這些理由?我…。For these reasons, I ….例︰由于這些理由?我認為在臺灣接受大學教育是明智的。

For these reasons, I think that receiving college education in Taiwan is wise.46.總而言之?…。In conclusion, … = To sum up, …

例︰總而言之?好國民應該遵守交通規則。In conclusion, a good citizen should abide by traffic regulations.47.因此?我們能下個結論?那就是…。

We can, therefore, come to the conclusion(that)子句 例︰因此?我們能下個結論?那就是世上自由罪珍貴。

We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world.48.如果我們能做到如上所述?毫無疑問地?…。

If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt(that)子句 例︰如果我們能做到如上所述?毫無疑問地?我們就能精通英語。

If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that we can master English 49.因此?這就是…的原因。Thus, this is the reason why ….例︰因此?這就是我重感冒的原因。Thus, this is the reason why I caught a bad cold.50.所以?我們應該了解…。Therefore, we should realize(that)子句

例︰所以?我們應該了解學英文不能沒有字典。

Therefore, we should realize that in learning English we cannot do without a dictionary.51.因此?由上列的討論我們可以明了…。

We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion(that)子句 例︰因此?由上列的討論我們可以明了毅力可以克服任何困難。

We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion that perseverance can overcome any difficulty.52.1.從～觀點來看?…。From the ～ point of view, ….2.根據～的看法?…。According to ～ point of view, ….例︰從政治的觀點來看?這是一個很復雜的問題。

From the political point

1.詞語選擇的重要性

在The Right Word at the Right Time的“序言”中，編者對詞語選用的重要性作了一個很好的比喻：“Using the right word at the right time is rather like wearing appropriate clothing for the occasion：it is a courtesy to others，and a favor to yourself-a matter of presenting yourself well in the eyes of the world.“

顯然，說話或寫文章時用詞適當比穿著適當難度大得多，因而也具有更大的重要性。在我國，古人寫文章時常為一個詞語的選用冥思苦想，因而有“語不驚人死不休”的說法。

成語“一字值千金”也說明了選擇詞語的極端重要性。有時“一字之差”造成令人遺憾的敗筆，或招致成千上萬的經濟損失。這些反面的教訓也告訴我們必須重視詞語選用的問題。

2.詞語選擇的可能性

實際上，我們每個人的腦子里都有了一個或大或小的詞庫，只要我們肯去發掘，往往可以得到更好的表達方式。這是我們做好詞語選用的主觀條件。

從客觀條件廣看，我們有各種類型的詞典和參考書，只要我們平時多翻譯、多閱讀，寫作時勤查考，就會在詞語選用上不斷進步。當然，一部好詞典也不會毫無缺點，更難以面面俱到，因此在這里我們應牢牢記住著名英國作家、評論家和辭書編纂家Johson的話：

Dictionaries are like watches: the worst is better than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite true.3.詞語選擇的三項標準

關于擇語標準，人們說法不一，但準確、鮮明、生動三項原則是公認的。當然，某詞語用得是否符合要求，不可孤立地從詞語本身的含義上著眼，還要看其具體使用場合，包括同其他詞語搭配等。

1)擇語的準確性

準確性，就是要根據使用場合選用確切的語言形式，正如有句英語俗語所言：

Do not write so that your words may be undetstood, but write so that your words must be understood.著名美國作家馬克·吐溫說：“用詞準確與用詞幾乎準確，這兩者之間的差異就如閃電與螢火蟲之間的差異。”(The difference between the right word and the almost-right word is as great as that between lighting and the lighting bug.)

為了擇語準確，必須熟悉詞語的多義性。例如depression對心理學家、經濟學家或地質學家來說，含義各不相同：

He is in a state of deep depression as a result of his setback latest experiment.The depression first hit almost all the small and medium-sized enterprises.Transportation was at a standstill caused by the depressions in the highways after the earthquake in that area.反之，也常常有幾個詞語可以表示類似的含義，如心理學上的“depression”也能用melancholia，the blues，the dismal in the dumps，low等詞語表示。

要做到準確選擇，有必要注意詞語的兩種意義：“基本意義”(denotation)和”引申意義“(connotation)。前者指該詞語的本身，或客觀的固有含義，后者指該詞語在一定搭配或上下句中出現的其他意義，往往比較含蓄，帶有詞語使用者的主觀態度或感情色彩。如inexpensive和cheap都表示便宜的基本意思，如顧客問營業員：“May I have some thing cheaper?”意思是希望要價錢便宜一點的，當然并不是說質量可以不好，但cheap在其他句式或使用場合可引出“低劣”、“平庸”、“吝嗇”、“卑鄙”等多種意思，這類意思正是修辭上的“敏感地帶”。

選用詞語的準確性還表現在區分表示大體/抽象含義的詞語和表示具體/特定含義的詞語上，需要根據不同的使用場合做出正確的選擇。抽象含義詞語和具體含義詞語不是兩個對立的家族，在一定的條件下可以轉化，如

labor一詞通常帶抽象含義，但并非一成不變。試比較：

A)Honest labor creates wealth for the society.B)In the GM contract dispute, labor seeks a five-cent per hour wage increase.上述A句中labor一詞為抽象含義，泛指各種社會勞動，B句中labor為具體含義，特指WAW，即美國汽車、飛機、農業機械工人聯合會。

2)擇語的鮮明度

準確性是鮮明度的前提，也是提高鮮明度的基礎。然而，鮮明與簡練相關。英國文豪莎士比亞的名言“Brevity is the soul of wit”相當于漢語的“言貴簡潔”。我們說話、寫文章都要以“言簡意賅”四字為目標，為此，應從兩個方面加以注意：

A.在可以運用較簡短的常見詞語表達意思時不要用復雜而少的詞語，如：do something for(不用perform，accomplish)，用end／finish a letter(不用terminate，conclude)。

B.多余的或轉彎抹角的詞語都不利于明白地表達思想，因而下列短語中加括號的部分都應省去：

mutual aid(to each other)(mutual)aid to each other，(an entirely)complete confidence，repeat the question(again)，return(back)from abroad，etc.3)擇語的生動感

生動感也可以叫做優美感(gracefulness)，它是建筑在準確性和鮮明度的基礎上的，否則，單純追求生動或優雅，就會出現辭藻華麗(flowery)而內容空洞的文風，這是應當避免的。

I.用于文章主題句 1.不用說?…

It goes without saying that子句 =(It is)needless to say(that)子句 = It is obvious that子句 = Obviously, S.+ V.例︰不用說早睡早起是值得的。

It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.2.…是不可能的;無法… There is no Ving = There is no way of Ving.= There is no possibility of Ving.= It is impossible to V.= It is out of the question to V.= No one can V.= We cannot V.例︰不可否認的?成功的事業關鍵在于健康的身心。

There is not denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.3.我深信…

I am greatly convinced(that)子句 = I am greatly assured(that)子句 例︰我深信預防是于治療。

I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure.4.在各種…之中?… Among various kinds of …, … = Of all the …, …

例︰在各種運動中?我尤其喜歡慢跑。

Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.5.…是很容易證明的。It can be easily proved(that)子句 例︰時間最珍貴是很容易證明的。

It can be easily proved that nothing is more precious than time.6.…無論如何強調都不為過 … cannot be overemphasized

例︰交通安全的重要性無論如何強調都不為過。The importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.7.就我的看法?…；我認為… In my opinion, … = To my mind, ….= As far as I am concerned, … = I am of the opinion that子句

例︰就我的看法?打電動玩具既花費時間也有害健康。

In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.8.(A)每個人都知道… Everyone knows(that)子句(B)就我所知?… As far as my knowledge is concerned, … 例︰就我所知?下列方法對我幫助很大。

As far as my knowledge is concerned, the following ways are of great help to me.9.毫無疑問地?… There is no doubt(that)子句

例︰毫無疑問地?近視在我國的年輕人中是一個嚴重的問題。

There is no doubt that near-sightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.10.根據我個人經驗?…

According to my personal experience, … = Based on my personal experience, …

例︰根據我個人經驗?微笑已帶給我許多好處。

According to my personal experience, smile has done me a lot of good.11.在我認識的人當中?也許沒有一個人比…更值得我尊敬。Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than …

例︰在我認識的人當中?也許沒有一個人比我的英文老師張老師更值得我尊敬。Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than Miss Chang, my English teacher.12.在我的求學過程中?我忘不了…

In the course of my schooling.I will never forget …

例︰在我的求學過程中?我忘不了學習英文所遭到的大困難。

In the course of my schooling.I will never forget the great difficulty I encountered in learning English.13.(A)隨著人口的增加?… With the increase/growth of the population, …(B)隨著科技的進步, … With the advance of science and technology, … 例︰隨著臺灣經濟的快速發展?許多社會問題產生了。

With the rapid development of Taiwan's economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.14.(A)在這信息的年代?…扮演重要的角色。

In the age of information and communication, … plays an important role.(B)在今日工業社會中?…是生命不可或缺的。In today's industrial society, … is indispensable to life.例︰在這信息的年代?計算機扮演非常重要的角色。

In this age of information and communication, the computer plays an extremely important role.15.在討論…?一個人不得不承認…。

In dealing with …, one cannot but admit(that)子句

例︰在討論未來的職業?一個人不得不承認盡早決定未來的職業很重要。

In dealing with one's future career, one cannot but admit that it is very important to decide one's future career as early as possible.16.世上沒有什么比…更令我高興。

Nothing in the world can delight me so much as … 例︰世上沒有什么比到快餐店吃漢堡更令我高興。

Nothing in the world can delight me so much as having hamburgers in fast-food restaurants.17.… 是必要的 It is necessary that S(should)V … 是重要的 It is important/essential that S(should)V … 是適當的 It is proper that S(should)V … 是緊急的 It is urgent that S(should)V 例︰我們當保持公共場所清潔是應當的。

It is proper that we(should)keep the public places clean.18.每當我聽到…?我就忍不住感到興奮。Whenever I hear …, I cannot but feel excited.每當我做…? 我就忍不住感到悲傷。Whenever I do …, I cannot but feel sad.每當我想到…?我就忍不住感到緊張。Whenever I think of …, I cannot but feel nervous.每當我遭遇…?我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …, I cannot but feel frightened.每當我看到… 我就忍不住感到驚訝。Whenever I see …, I cannot but feel surprised.例︰每當我想到我家附近那一條清澈的小溪?我就忍不住感到悲傷。Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.19.據說… It is said(that)子句 一般認為… It is thought(that)子句 大家都知道… It is known(that)子句 據報導… It is reported(that)子句 一般預料… It is expected(that)子句 一般估計… It is estimated(that)子句 一般相信… It is believed(that)子句

例︰一般相信閱讀增加我們的知識、擴大我們的心胸。

It is believed(that)reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.20.…的主要理由是…

The main reason why …..is(that)子句

例︰青少年犯罪的主要理由是社會環境日一敗壞。

The main reason why the juveniles commit crimes is that social environment is becoming worse.21.俗語說得好：「…」。Well goes an old saying, ”…“

= As an old saying goes(runs, says), ”…“ = An old saying goes, ”…“ = It's an old saying(that)子句 例︰俗話說得好：「誠實為上策」。

As an old saying goes, ”Honesty is the best policy.“ 22.(A)…用下列方法… … in the following ways.(B)…有三個主要理由。… for three major reasons.(C)要…?至少我們可做三件事。To …, there are at least three things we can do.例︰(A)我用下列方法增加信心。

I increase my confidence in the following ways.(B)人們學外語有三個理由。

People learn a foreign language for three major reasons.(C)為了維護健康?我們每天至少可做三件事。

To keep healthy, there are at least three things we can do every day.II.用于文章承轉句 23.那就是(說)…；亦即… That is to say, … = That is, … = Namely, …

例︰我們生活需有規律。也就是說?早睡早起?戒除煙酒。

We need to live a regular life.That is, we can keep good hours and refrain from smoking and drinking in the daily activities.24.(A)基于這個理由?… For this reason, …(B)為了這個目的?… For this purpose, …

例︰基于這個理由?我已決定把行醫作為未來的職業。

For this reason, I have decided to take practicing medicine as my future career.25.我們有理由相信…

We have reasons to believe(that)子句 例︰我們有理由相信體罰應該嚴格禁止。

We have reasons to believe that corporal punishment should be strictly prohibited.26.事實上?… As a matter of fact, … = In fact, …

例︰事實上?健康才是最重要。As a matter of fact, it is health that counts.27.(A)例如?… For example, …(B)拿…做例子 Take … for example.例︰例如?我們盲目地提高生活水準?卻降低生活品質。

For example, we elevate the living standards blindly, but lower the quality of life.28.此外?我們不應忽視…

Besides(In addition), we should not neglect …

例︰此外?我們不應忽視每個人都想要一個溫馨祥和的社會。

In addition, we should not neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.29.相反地?… on the contrary, … = by contrast, …

例︰相反地?少數學生似乎還在鬼混。

On the contrary, a few students, it seems, are still fooling around.30.另一方面?… on the other hand, …

例︰政府應嚴格執法?另一方面?大眾也應該培養減少污染的好習慣。

The government should enforce laws strictly.On the other hand, the public also should develop the good habit of reducing pollution.31.然而?很可惜的是… However, it is a pity that子句

例︰然而?很可惜的是他總是臨時抱佛腳。

However, it is a pity that he should always cram at the eleventh hour.32.換言之?… in other words, … = to put it differently 例︰換言之?我會盡最大的努力達成我的目標。

In other words, I will try my best to attain(gain, live up to)my goal.33.別人可能認為這是事實?但我不是。我認為…

It may be true as assumed by others, but I don't.I believe that子句 例︰別人可能認為這是事實?但我不是。我認為…

It may be true as assumed by others, but I don't.I believe that if you have strong determination and perseverance, the success will certainly come to you in the end.34.從此之后?我已發現…

Ever since then, I have found that子句 例︰從此之后?我已發現…

Ever since then, I have found smile the best way to avoid any possible conflicts in our daily lives.35.這樣說來?假如...?當然毫無疑問地…。

In this light, if…, there can surely be no doubt(that)子句

例︰這樣說來?假如我們能善用時間?當然毫無疑問地我們會成功。

In this light, if we can make good use of time, there can surely be no doubt that we will get somewhere.36.更嚴重的是?…。What is more serious is(that)子句 例︰更嚴重的是?我們不珍惜野生動物。

What is more serious is that we do not cherish the wildlife.37.鑒于社會的實際需要?…。

In view of the practical need of society, ….例︰鑒于社會的實際需要?愈來愈多人對學英語有興趣。

In view of the practical need of society, there are more and more people interested in learning English.III.用于文章結論句 38.如果能實踐這三點?…。

If one can really put the three points into action(practice), … 例︰如果能實踐這三點?…。

If one can really put the three points into action(practice), he will surely be able to live a healthy and happy life.39.做這些簡單之事?我們一定可以…。By doing these simple things, we surely can ….例︰做這些簡單之事?我們一定可以快樂出門平安回家。

By doing these simple things, we surely can go out of the door happily and come back home safe every day.40.如此?我相信…。In this way, I believe(that)子句

例︰如此?我相信大家能夠像我一樣?享受乘坐公車的樂趣。

In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to enjoy the bus ride like me.41.實踐這些?…。

By putting them(the above)into practice, ….例︰實踐這些?在智育方面我一直能不斷進步。

By putting them(the above)into practice, I have been able to make constant progress in intellectual education.42.(A)唯有符合此三項要求?我們才能…。Only by living up to the three requirements, can we ….(B)唯有通力合作?我們才能…。Only with combined efforts, can we ….例︰唯有通力合作?我們才能期望臺灣不久有新的面貌。

Only with combined efforts, can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course.43.最后?但并非最不重要?…。Last but no least, ….例︰最后?但并非最不重要?教育上的缺失是助長青少年犯罪的原因。Last but no least, the shortcoming in education is the cause contributing to juvenile delinquency.44.這證據顯示～的重要性在怎么強調都不為過。

This evidence shows that the importance of ～ cannot be overemphasized.例︰這證據顯示交通安全的重要性在怎么強調都不為過。

This evidence shows that the importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.45.由于這些理由?我…。For these reasons, I ….例︰由于這些理由?我認為在臺灣接受大學教育是明智的。

For these reasons, I think that receiving college education in Taiwan is wise.46.總而言之?…。In conclusion, … = To sum up, …

例︰總而言之?好國民應該遵守交通規則。

In conclusion, a good citizen should abide by traffic regulations.47.因此?我們能下個結論?那就是…。

We can, therefore, come to the conclusion(that)子句 例︰因此?我們能下個結論?那就是世上自由罪珍貴。

We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world.48.如果我們能做到如上所述?毫無疑問地?…。

If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt(that)子句 例︰如果我們能做到如上所述?毫無疑問地?我們就能精通英語。

If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that we can master English 49.因此?這就是…的原因。Thus, this is the reason why ….例︰因此?這就是我重感冒的原因。Thus, this is the reason why I caught a bad cold.50.所以?我們應該了解…。Therefore, we should realize(that)子句

例︰所以?我們應該了解學英文不能沒有字典。

Therefore, we should realize that in learning English we cannot do without a dictionary.51.因此?由上列的討論我們可以明了…。

We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion(that)子句 例︰因此?由上列的討論我們可以明了毅力可以克服任何困難。

We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion that perseverance can overcome any difficulty.52.1.從～觀點來看?…。From the ～ point of view, ….2.根據～的看法?…。According to ～ point of view, ….例︰從政治的觀點來看?這是一個很復雜的問題。

From the political point

寫作素材

01 The Language of Music

A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it.A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed.Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them.A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor.Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer.Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support.String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm-two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune.Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner's responsibility to tune the instrument for them.But they have their own difficulties;the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding.Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.02 Schooling and Education

It is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education.Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school.The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling.Education knows no bounds.It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor.It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning.The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist.Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises.A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions.People are engaged in education from infancy on.Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term.It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life.Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next.Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on.The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the working of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught.For example, high school students know that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with.There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.03 The Definition of ”Price“

Prices determine how resources are to be used.They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers.The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services.The interrelationships of all these prices make up the ”system“ of prices.The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define ”price“, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words that price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction.This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes.For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known.Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors.In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total ”package“ being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.04 Electricity The modern age is an age of electricity.People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them.When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators.Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago.Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years.Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity.As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record;they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working.The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram.The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small-often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them.But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all.When large numbers of these cell are linked together, the effects can be astonishing.The electric eel is an amazing storage battery.It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live.(An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.)As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel's body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body.05 The Beginning of Drama

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.The argument for this view goes as follows.In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers.Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals.Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites.As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used, Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the ”acting area“ and the ”auditorium.“ In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun-as an actor might.Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling.According to this vies tales(about the hunt, war, or other feats)are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person.A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.06 Television

Television-----the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth-is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies.The word ”television“, derived from its Greek(tele: distant)and Latin(visio: sight)roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance.Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image(focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera)into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable.These impulses, when fed into a receiver(television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.Television is more than just an electronic system, however.It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission.First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals.Second, there is nonbroadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses.We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today.During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors of news, information, and entertainment.These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well.We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.07 Andrew Carnegie

Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and , in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America.His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments.Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society.He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves.”He who dies rich, dies disgraced,“ he often said.Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history.He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University.Other philanthrophic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity.His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.08 American Revolution

The American Revolution was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations.Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking.What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution.During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing.Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations.One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States.Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors.The third newcomer-the United States-based itself squarely on republican principles.Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose.In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing.British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament.09 Suburbanization If by ”suburb“ is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century.Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart.But the early factories built in the 1840's were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment.In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities.As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors.In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County.Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York.Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress-conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed.Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis.This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle Class, whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single-family housing tracts.Types of Speech

Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality.As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries.Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations.Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language.Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority.Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified.Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing.Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech.Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity.In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories.Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events.It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions.First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society;second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups;third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.Finally, it is worth noting that the terms ”standard“ ”colloquial“ and ”slang“ exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language.Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions.Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.連接詞匯

1.增補(Addition)

in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what`s more, similarly, next, finally.2.比較(Comparison)

in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as 3.對照(Contrast)

whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while

4.因果(Cause and Effect)

because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus 5.強調(Emphasis)

certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant

6.讓步(Concession)

although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....7.例證(Exemplification)

for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.8.總結(Conclusion)

to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary

9.推斷(Inference)

therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise 10.時間和空間(Time and Space)

afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of

常用短句

Money is not everything.There's Mastercard and Visa.鈔票不是萬能的，畢竟有時還需要信用卡。

One should love animals.They are so tasty.每個人都應該熱愛動物，因為它們很好吃。

Save water.Shower with your girlfriend.要節約用水，所以盡量和女友一起洗澡。

Love the neighbor.But don't get caught.要用心去愛你的鄰居，不過不要讓她的老公知道。

Behind every successful man, there is a woman.And behind every unsuccessful man, there are two or more.每個成功男人的背后，都有一個女人。每個不成功男人的背后,都有兩個或更多。

Every man should marry.After all, happiness is not the only thing in life.再快樂的單身漢遲早也會結婚，畢竟幸福不是永久的嘛。

The wise never marry.聰明人都是未婚的。

Success is a relative term.It brings so many relatives.成功是一個相關名詞，它會給你帶來很多不相關的親戚。

Never put off the work till tomorrow what you can put off today.不要等明天交不上差再找借口，今天就要找好。

Love is photogenic.It needs darkness to develop.愛情就像照片，需要大量的暗房時間來培養。

Children in backseats cause accidents.Accidents in backseats cause children.后座上的小孩會生出意外，后座上的意外會生出小孩。

”Your future depends on your dreams.“So go to sleep.現在的夢想決定著你的將來，所以，還是再睡一會吧。

There should be a better way to start a day than waking up every morning.應該有更好的方式開始新的一天，而不是千篇一律地在每個上午都醒來。

”Hard work never killed any body."But why take the risk？

努力工作不會導致死亡。但為什么要冒險呢？

第三篇：習作賞析(一)

習作賞析：

團結就是力量

大自然是人類的老師，給了我們許多有益的啟示。

有一天，我吃蘋果時不小心掉了一小塊。當我要回家時，無意中發現那一小塊蘋果旁出現了一只黑螞蟻。天生對螞蟻感興趣的我趕緊蹲下身子，只見它們圍著蘋果打轉，時不時用觸角碰碰蘋果、用身子撞撞蘋果。當然，蘋果對它們來說可謂龐然大物，紋絲不動！

當我正為螞蟻可笑的行為嘆息時，它們忽然朝草叢的方向爬去。它們怎么走了呢？我好奇地追隨著螞蟻到草叢邊，只見又有幾只螞蟻出了巢。緊接著，一大群螞蟻浩浩蕩蕩地出現在我眼前。

首先發現蘋果的那只螞蟻就像一位長官，用觸角朝其他螞蟻抖了抖，蟻兵隨后排成一條長龍向蘋果進軍了。眾螞蟻圍成一圈，在長官的命令下，用肩膀抬起蘋果，一步一步艱難地往前走。

到了洞口，蘋果太大了，無論蟻兵怎樣用力，蘋果都塞不進去。聰明的長官好像在對蟻兵說：“快把蘋果咬爛！”眾蟻兵接到任務后，爬到蘋果上。它們在干什么？過了許久，一塊蘋果被它們咬成許多碎塊。緊接著，眾螞蟻搬起蘋果渣，將蘋果渣運回洞里。

通過這次觀察，我發現：一只螞蟻的力量雖然微弱，但是許多螞蟻的力量集合在一起時是驚人的！小小的螞蟻都懂得團結，更何況我們呢？

老師不在的時候

叮鈴鈴，這熟悉的鈴聲在我的耳邊響起，大家都習慣地端坐在桌前，等待老師來上課。可是等了一會兒，見老師沒來，不知誰說：“周老師去開會了”。于是教室里頓時像一鍋水一樣，慢慢地沸騰起來。

有的人在寫英語家作，邊寫邊和旁邊的同學講講悄悄話，對對答案；有的人走下位置，到別人的座位上講話，不時嘻嘻哈哈；有的人在津津有味地看漫畫書，還有的人竟然禁不住零食的誘惑，嘴巴不停地咀嚼著……教室里亂成一團，任憑班干部怎么喊都無濟于事。

只聽，張宇航喊了一聲“周老師來了”！大家嚇得面如土色，魂飛魄散，都信以為真。走下位置的同學跑回自己的位置；看漫畫書的同學，趕緊把書往桌子里一藏，生怕老師把自己心愛的漫畫書收走；寫英語作業的同學以迅雷不及掩耳之勢把作業往課桌里藏，生怕老師把自己辛辛苦苦做出來的作業撕掉。大家都端端正正地坐著，假裝一本正經的樣子，等待老師的到來。只聽張宇航哈哈大笑，才知被她騙了。大家都不約而同笑了。教室里又恢復了原狀。

我正寫著作業，隱約聽到張益和張宇航在說我壞話，我忍住怒氣，繼續聽著，聽聽他們究竟在搞仕么鬼。只聽張宇航對張益說；“你打得過高玲娜嗎？”張益說：“打得過。”張宇航又說：“那你敢在高玲娜寫作業時把她的凳子抽掉嗎？”張益猶 豫了一下。張宇航用激將法對他說：“不敢了吧，還打得過她！”這一招果然見效，張益說：“抽就抽，有什么了不起。”正當他準備抽我凳子時，我一轉身，張益大驚，我氣憤地對他們說：“你們的話我聽得一清二楚。”這時張宇航又慫恿我抽張益的凳子，她最喜歡看張益摔跤的樣子，可自己又不愿做，好一個借刀殺人！這時，張益威脅我說：“你要再來煩我，我就往你身上咳嗽。”我怕他把病菌傳染給我，只好罷手。

之后，沈陽又跟路程爆發了一場戰爭……

這時，周老師突然出現在窗前，原本吵得不可開交的教室立刻變得鴉雀無聲。大家都擺出一副一本正經的樣子。

老師不在的時候，新聞真多啊！

我找回了自信

以前，我老是沒有自信，上課不敢發言，不敢跟老師說話，也不敢跟不熟的小朋友玩，對學習也沒有信心……可是現在，這些問題都已經不存在了，我變得開朗大方，不僅敢發言了，還交了很多好朋友，我已經找回了自信。

這一切，都離不開媽媽的鼓勵。

記得剛來北京時，我普通話說得不好，也沒有朋友，整天在家里待著，很無聊。媽媽說：“外面那么多小朋友，你為什么不去找他們玩呢？”我說：“我不敢，他們不認識我，不會和我玩。”媽媽說：“你不試試怎么知道呢？就算人家不理你，你也不會損失什么。”于是，我就去找人玩。讓我沒想到的是，他們都很歡迎我。

雖然我可以玩了，但是我一句話也不敢說。媽媽說：“既然邁出了第一步，怎么不敢邁第二步呢？誰也不是天生會說普通話，你多練習就能說好了。”為了幫助我練習說好普通話，從此以后，爸爸媽媽在家都說普通話，我也很快適應了北京。

媽媽經常鼓勵我要相信自己，自信才能把事情做好，自信才能得到別人的尊重。

記得我剛上公共英語時，因為我是第一次上課外班，總覺得自己不行，很自卑，不敢跟老師說話。上課的時候，老師讓我回答一個特別簡單的問題，本來我是回答得出的，但是因為太緊張，所以一站起來腦子里一片空白，什么也說不出來。下課的時候，媽媽說：“你要有信心。老師的每個問題都有答案，你越自信，就越輕松，越能集中注意力，去把答案找出來。下次，只要你不緊張，一定能回答正確的！”到了下次上課的時候，老師又讓我回答問題。我鼓起勇氣回答了，沒想到，老師居然表揚了我。從此以后，我再也不怕老師提問了。

媽媽經常鼓勵我：“人生就像馬拉松，相信你會越來越好！”我現在真的覺得我越來越好了，我對自己充滿了信心。

第四篇：現代詩歌賞析(一)

現代詩歌賞析

（一）教學內容

1.現代詩歌的賞析方法 2.《偶然》賞析

3.《你是人間的四月天》賞析 教學目的

掌握現代詩歌賞析的方法，理解兩首詩歌的意境，把握詩人蘊藏于意象中的情感。教學重點

1.詩歌意象的含義

2.體會詩人所表達的的情感 教學難點

把握蘊藏于意象中的情感。

一、詩歌賞析的方法

（一）揣摩意境。

1.誦讀《雨巷》并品味意境

意境，顧名思義，“意”就是情意，就是主觀的思想感情；“境”就是境界，就是立體感的藝術圖畫。在文學作品中，“意”不能赤裸裸地說出，需借物來表現；“境”不能是純客觀的物象，需由意所觸發。因此，所謂“意境”，可以說就是詩人的主觀思想感情與詩中所描繪的生活圖景有機融合而形成的一種耐人尋味的藝術境界，是詩人強烈的感情和生動的客觀事物的交融。它既是作家苦心追求的目標，也是我們評論作品的重要準繩。我國近代著名文學評論家王國維先生認為：情與景是意境的兩個基本要素，情景交融是意境的基本特點；追求感情的真摯、形象的真實和語言的真切是意境的核心。詩人創造意境常常用“觸景生情”和“緣情寫景”（即“寓情于景”）。

2.詩歌的意象

意象，在這里是個特殊的概念。有人也稱為“傳統意象”、“固定意象”、“典故意象”等，名稱不一，所指基本相同。

意象，是指詩詞中有些藝術形象在被成功地使用過一次以后，后來的詩人反復運用，并逐漸約定俗成，使這些形象被固定在一個或幾個特定意義上。比如“東籬”這一藝術形象，最初出自陶淵明《飲酒》詩：“采菊東籬下，悠然見南山。”陶詩中的“東籬”，純系實寫，別無他意，但后來詩人反復使用，并漸漸賦予其特定意義，以至于一提到“東籬”，便產生超塵脫俗之感。如李清照《醉花陰》：“東籬把酒黃昏后，有暗香盈袖。”詞中的“東籬”已不再是實指，但卻有了特定的意義。

詩詞中的意象，不勝枚舉，這里暫列幾個常見的例子。“楊柳”，是一個關乎離別的意象。“菊花”是一個關乎“隱逸者”的意象。“明月”，是一個關乎“思鄉”、“思人”的意象，古人有“對月思人”之說。“白云”，是一個關乎“思友”的意象，古人有“望云思友”之說。“清秋”，是一個關乎“感傷”、“悲秋”的意象。“大雁”，也是一個關乎“思鄉”、“思人”的意象，古人有鴻雁傳書之說。“杜鵑”，因其叫聲凄厲，又其聲如言“不如歸去”，最終成為一個關乎“思歸”的意象。

意象，對于詩人抒發感情，有著獨特的作用。懂得意象的知識，當然也有助于我們理解詩歌的內容及詩人的感情，因此，對一些常見意象，需要多做一些積累與識記的功夫。

意象是詩歌中浸染了作者感情的東西，是詩人用來興寄思想感情的人、物、景、事等。“千錘萬鑿出深山，烈火焚身若等閑。粉身碎骨渾不怕，只留清白在人間。”(于謙《石灰吟》)《石灰吟》取的是“物象”，托意于物，借物以達意。“枯藤老樹昏鴉，小橋流水人家，古道西風瘦馬。夕陽西下，斷腸人在天涯。”(馬致遠《天凈沙》)《天凈沙》取的是“景象”，寄情于景，借景以抒情。“以笑的樣子哭著，以恨的樣子愛著；以善良的樣子殘忍著，以疏遠的樣子親近著；以跑動的樣子站立著，以沉默的樣子訴說著；以充實的樣子空虛著，以糊涂的樣子清醒著；以死亡的樣子生存著，以真理的樣子荒謬著。”(北島《無題》)《無題》取的是“事象”，寄理于事，借事以明理。

詩歌取象，有的只取一個意象。例如舒蘭的《鄉色酒》：“三十年前，你從柳樹梢頭望我，我正少年，你圓，人也圓。三十年后，我從椰樹梢頭望你，你是一杯鄉色酒，你滿，鄉愁也滿。”這首詩只有一個意象——月亮。以月亮寫鄉愁，用“鄉色酒”喻月光，飄逸莫名的鄉愁就變得具體可感了。有的詩歌，取的是一組意象。例如余光中的《鄉愁》：“小時候，鄉愁是一枚小小的郵票，我在這頭，母親在那頭。長大后，鄉愁是一張窄窄的船票，我在這頭，新娘在那頭。后來呵，鄉愁是一方矮矮的墳墓，我在外頭，母親在里頭。而現在，鄉愁是一灣淺淺的海峽，我在這頭，大陸在那頭。”這首詩選擇了“郵票”、“船票”、“墳墓”、“海峽”等四個意象來承載感情，層層疊加，層層遞進，渲染了海外游子與故國家園根脈難斷的凝重感情。

從虛實角度看，詩的取象還可分為實象和虛象兩大類。所謂實象，是指可置于我們眼前眉睫的事物；所謂虛象，是指讀者感受心造的事物。例如，鄭板橋的“夜深更欲秋潭水，連月帶星舀一瓢。”在這兩句詩中，“夜深”、“秋潭水”是實象，“連月帶星舀一瓢”是虛象。這兩句詩好就好在以實帶虛，以虛寫實，實象虛出，虛象實出，給詩句揉進了另一種韻味，另一種靈性。詩歌不能沒有意象，鑒賞詩歌也不能不注意意象，一首好的詩歌應是意象與意境的巧妙鑄合。

（二）把握情感。

詩是抒情的藝術，情緒和情感是詩的基礎。與其他文體相比，詩更能充分地顯示詩人的品格和情懷。長久以來，人們常用詩歌中所表現的民族精神內涵——深沉的思想，誠實的品質，寬宏的懷抱，自然的意趣，情致婉約，風骨挺拔，以及操守、格調、豐神等人格魅力來抒情志，明教化，寄情思，逞才能，以默默的持久的力量，改造并提高人們的精神境界，凈化人們的靈魂。讀詩時，把握了詩的思想感情，也就把握了詩的靈魂與命脈。例如《理想》這首詩是一首哲理詩。在這首詩里作者指出了理想的特征、內涵，以及對人生、歷史、社會的重大意義，號召人們樹立遠大的理想，揮鞭起程，為理想而努力奮斗。社會主義現代化的宏偉事業需要我們去建設，中華民族的偉大復興將在我們手中實現，黨和人民殷切期望我們志存高遠，在改革開放和現代化建設的廣闊平臺上，充分發揮自己的聰明才智，展現自己的人生價值，努力創造無愧于時代和人民的業績。這正是作者在這首詩中所抒發的強烈的思想感情，也是作者所熱切期望的。讀后，每一個讀者都會被感染得激情亢奮，熱情高漲。

（三）賞析技法。

詩歌的表現形式及表現技法是經過多年的摩挲砥礪，在實踐中已經使大家覺得是最方便、最熟練、最能得心應手的，可以拈來隨手隨心應用。淘沙揀金，去粗存精，詩歌大家們給我們留下了大量文質兼美的優秀篇什，淋漓盡致地展現了他們的橫溢才華。這些精美的詩篇既體現在詩篇的形式上，包括它的語言，它的音韻、節奏和旋律；更重要的是詩篇表現出的完美的表達形式，恰當貼切的表現技法，無不是人們學習的典范。詩歌創作中常常使用的表現技法有聯想想象，用典鋪墊，渲染烘托，暗示省略，以及修辭手法的運用，詩中大量使用的修辭手法是比喻、象征、排比、擬人、夸張等。例如著名詩人邵燕祥在《致空氣》這首詩里，就運用了大膽的聯想和奇特的想象手法，用象征手法，以人們司空見慣的空氣為歌頌對象，抓住其特點：“無所不在”“蹤跡難尋”等，在對空氣這一時刻難離的自然現象的謳歌中，寄寓了詩人對友誼、對真情的贊頌。自覺地理解吸收借鑒優秀詩歌中的寫作技法，一方面可提高鑒賞水平，另一方面對寫作也大有裨益。

（四）品味語言。

詩歌是語言的藝術，詩歌中的語言是詩人千錘百煉的結果。“兩句三年得，一吟雙淚流。”“吟安一個字，拈斷數莖須”等都說明了這個道理。詩歌的語言是富含哲理的、含蓄雋永的、凝練深沉的、生動流暢的、形象傳神的、充滿情感的，往往言在此而意在彼，言有盡而意無窮。這都給詩歌的審美帶來了一定的困難。所以，在詩歌的學習中應當注意語言的品味。例如著名詩人顧城在《一代人》中寫道：黑夜給了我黑色的眼睛/我卻用它尋找光明。全詩只有兩句話，雖短小卻警醒世人，表明作者及整個時代人們的心聲：渴望光明，自由與個人價值的實現。語言含蓄雋永，深刻蘊藉。冰心在《春水·三三》中寫道：墻角的花/你孤芳自賞時/天地便小了。這首哲理小詩，告訴我們要把眼界放寬、切莫孤芳自賞。孤芳自賞的含義是：比喻自命清高，自我欣賞。很顯然，在這里作者運用了擬人的手法，生動形象地寫出墻角花朵的形態，可以喚起人們豐富的想象力。語言使用準確恰當，貼切生動。理解了詩歌中的語言運用之妙，不僅知道詩歌寫了哪些內容，而且懂得了詩歌是怎樣寫的，為什么這樣寫，就能夠從更高層面上去把握和鑒賞詩歌。

二、徐志摩的《偶然》賞析

能把“偶然”這樣一個極為抽象的時間副詞，使之形象化，置入象征性的結構，充滿情趣哲理，不但珠潤玉圓，朗朗上口而且余味無窮，意溢于言外——徐志摩的這首《偶然》小詩，對我來說，用上“情有獨鐘”之語而不為過。

徐志摩的《偶然》這首詩作于1926年5月，初載同年5月27日《晨報副刊·詩鐫》第9期，署名志摩。詩人運用多種意像將自己的人生歷程融入于此，表明詩人人生中經歷了太多的偶然，將偶然形象化，不僅充滿情趣意味，還給讀者留下了足夠的想像空間。無數次偶然，無數次坎坷，無數次邂逅，似乎都顯得如此平常，不必不必訝異，更無須歡喜，記得也好，最好你忘掉構成詩人的態度。他與張幼儀的結合是偶然，與林徽因的戀情是偶然，與陸小曼的**也是偶然；他學習金融是偶然，傾心康橋是偶然，飛機失事更是偶然。這些偶然就像一根穿線的珠子。

詩句開始以“我是天空里的一片云”比喻自己，表明詩人在天涯海角肆意飄忽卻高潔不俗，直喻自己為下文作了鋪墊，突然一轉意“偶爾投影在你的波心”，給人一種舒緩氣勢卻又耐人尋味，兩人偶然的相遇就好比云與水的相遇，但都是虛幻的，短暫的相遇更能使其產生了距離的美感，卻最終還是曇花一現。特別是“波心”的“心”字的用得恰到好處，意在表明及時再多么的投入和緣分或許也只是一個偶然罷了。雖然人生中充滿著偶然，但我們卻不能停止自己的腳步繼續等待，唯有追求的永恒。正因為這次相遇只是一個偶然，所以接著說明對方應該持有的態度：你不必不必訝異，更無須歡喜，這就借景抒情，充滿著人生哲理，是人生中很平常的事了，更沒有值得留戀的地方，同時也表明詩人的坦誠，這也只是在轉瞬間消滅的蹤影。

詩歌第一節運用了“天空”，“云”，“水波”等形象的實物比喻使詩歌更加生動，形象，天空的一片云投影在波心也反應出詩人的內心活動以及心里特征，表明其愛與美的追求。還運用了“投影”，“消滅”兩個動詞更顯示出其偶然的因果關系，投影是虛幻的就必將導致徹底消滅，最終從偶然相遇轉化到消滅了的蹤影，蹤影又與投影形成對應關系。另外詩人將詩歌中的主人公“你”和“我”也清楚的表現出來了，說明“你”和“我”的兩個主體之間存在必然的聯系，雖然在這個聯系中存在感情的依托，但你不必訝異，更無須歡喜，這里起到一個波浪轉折的作用，意在表明雖然是偶然與你相遇，似乎還是比較融入但卻因為最終蹤影的消滅，所以不必訝異，更無須歡喜，最后說明其原因。而在“你不必訝異，更無須歡喜”中存在著更進一步的關系，訝異沒有必要，歡喜更沒有必要，中間用一個“更”字聯結恰到好處，說明詩人一再壓抑自己的興奮而還在奉勸對方不要訝異和歡喜過早了，表明詩人明白自己的人生處境而不想傷害對方，因為“我是天空里的一片云”。同時可以看出人生不是又自己可以主宰的，任何美好的事物都要受到各種外界因素的制約和影響，既然是偶然的事物就一定是轉瞬間的事物，我們一定要加倍珍惜這個事物。

詩歌第二節以“你我相逢在黑夜的海上”將你我兩個主體同時拉在一起，在黑夜的背景下，在海的渲染下，“你”的突然出現，似乎讓我在黑夜的海上不再孤單不再寂寞，“你”的出現更使我獲得了感情的寄托。但即使是這樣，卻我們只是人生旅途中的匆匆過客，因為：你有你的，我有我的，方向，在這種偶然的必然情況下發生的相遇，就像一次上帝的眷顧，情劇中的故意情節，在同樣甘受寂寞孤獨的相遇最終還是會因為我們彼此的方向不同而彼此錯過，說明在人生方向上的選擇往往是充滿著戲劇化的，是不會永恒的。在此處戲劇化的安排一個與我相對應的主體的你，說明詩人對愛情等的追求和向往，但因為選擇的方向不同我們彼此擦肩而過，或許彼此留下了一個會心的微笑甚至在彼此留戀著對方，但終究在黑夜的海上的背景下因為方向的選擇而錯失美好的事物無可奈何，頓時詩人一種失落的情感流露在心間，最后奉勸自己：“你記得也好，最好你忘掉”，這里起到一種安慰自己的作用，告誡一種人生哲理：很多時候何曾不只退一步想呢？同時承接上文“在這交會時互放的光亮！”

詩歌第二節運用了“黑夜”，“海”，“光亮”等形象的實物比喻使詩歌更加生動，具體。也運用了“相遇”，“交會”等相對應的動詞，直接承第一個情節將第二個情節拉得更近，由云與水的遠距離直接轉入你與我的近距離，由白天轉入黑夜，由水波轉為海，完全是上一個情節的更進一步升華。你我即使距離再近或許也因為外部的因素而阻止我們的繼續相遇，在人生茫茫無邊的大海上，即使情節安排得再好，環境安排得再好，心與心的艱難交融也最終成為一個泡影，消失在大海深處。我們都有屬于自己的方向，在偶然相遇中互放的光亮也只是一時的不是永恒的事物，因此詩人告誡自己不要盲目回憶過去，要趕快走出陰影，記得也好，最好你忘掉，這里也是詩人的感情變化條件，中間用一個“最”字聯結，說明詩人以信心的態度渴望走出人生的低谷奉勸自己最好要忘記掉偶然的事物而迎接新的曙光，這是現實的無奈，人生的無奈。面對“記得”與“忘掉”的兩難選擇，最好選擇了后者，人生何不是如此呢？

通過詩歌的全文不難讀出所描述出的兩個情景，語言生動，形式完美，情節波浪起伏，給人以無窮的想像空間。詩歌前后兩節相互對應，讀起來朗朗上口，耐人尋味。從表面上去看是一首愛情詩歌，仔細去品讀，卻更加有味，給人越讀越有味的感覺，蘊涵了深層的人生哲理和人生感悟，不乏一篇經典名作。新月詩人陳夢家也認為：“《偶然》等幾首詩，劃開了他前后兩期的鴻溝，他抹去了以前的火氣，用整齊柔麗清爽的詩句，來寫那微妙的靈魂的秘密。”同時將平常熟悉的意象穿插于整首詩歌中并將詩歌的兩個主人公融入到意境中，仿佛一部戲劇片，給人以清新自然的感覺。詩人采用兩兩對的事物將其矛盾化，可謂匠心獨運的寫作手法將其動靜結合。偶然的相遇或不再來臨，但我們是否應該懂得更加珍惜美好的時光，隨著詩人感情的變化無不表現和諧之美。隨著我們對新事物的認識，感悟也會隨著逐漸加深，因為人總是在不斷認識實踐中前進的。

仰望星空，天空還是原來的天空，但是因為我們的命運不完全由自己掌握，在充滿挫折中總是遇到或多或少的偶然，既然是偶然，但我們必須得意識到最終的結果，清楚自己所處的環境，不管是天空的一片云還是黑夜的海上，在不傷害對方的同時還要奉勸自己，在奉勸對方的同時還要看到自己的方向，何不在得不到的情況下忘掉呢，畢竟彼此的交會也留下過光亮。

在貧困黑暗的時代里，詩人的偶然何不是一種對人生的吶喊，對愛與美的追求，抒寫著詩人的靈魂空間。在吶喊與追求的路上，難道不是苦苦掙扎的路嗎？

三、《你是人間的四月天》的賞析 徐志摩遇難后，林徽因寫了《悼志摩》，寄托對他的突然去世的震驚與哀思。她說：“我們中間沒有絕對信命運之說的，但是對這不測的人生，誰不感到驚異，對著那許多事實的痕跡又如何不感到人力的脆弱，智慧的有限。世事盡有定數？世事盡是偶然？對這永遠的疑問我們什么時候能有完全的把握？”

徐志摩去世四年之后，1935年，林徽因寫了散文《紀念志摩去世四周年》，還有一首詩《別丟掉》，散文表達的是同志式的懷念和傷感，而詩歌則暗示性的表達了她內心豐富的情感，寫出了她對徐志摩的那份情感，她不會丟掉“那份過往的熱情”，她要他相信她會永遠記得他的愛：“你仍要相信，山谷中流著，有那回音。”“回音”就是對他過去在《你去》中說的“我愛你”，那一句話的銘記，這首懷人詩用情很深，足以見她對徐志摩的情誼。

因為陰陽相隔，林、徐之昔日情感在林徽因的心目中成了“此情可待成追憶”，余下的只是追念。藍棣之在《作為修辭的抒情》中說：“林徽因與徐志摩的感情故事，在1932年夏天寫過《別丟掉》之后，從詩歌這方面來看，雖然不能說已經丟掉，但是就差不多不再記起來了。”如果認為《你是人間的四月天》是寫給徐志摩的，此語顯然就值得推敲了。《你是人間的四月天》作于1934年，是林徽因發表《別丟掉》和作《紀念志摩去世四周年》前一年，這段感情因為徐志摩的早逝，已經不能再相互激發，而是演變成林徽因對徐志摩的追念和感懷。徐志摩已經缺席，沒有心靈的交流與碰撞，林徽因不會再為他寫出動人的情詩。因此這首詩只能是親子之詩，是為兒子的出生而作的生命贊歌，這可以從林徽因作為詩人和母親雙重身份及其心理得到確證。

在筆者看來，如林徽因不曾對梁思成先生說過這首詩是為兒子出生而作，依梁思成先生的性格絕不會無中生有的。假如這首詩真是為徐志摩而寫，林徽因絕不會說是為兒子寫的。因為，無論徐志摩是多么的有才華，以世俗的眼光來看，畢竟也只是一個短命的詩人。林徽因是才女，但不是仙女，更何況她又是一個母親。雖然她將徐志摩失事現場撿回來的飛機殘片一直保留作為紀念，但是這并不意味著作為一個母親，她會將寫給一個已經在天國的昔日戀人的詩說成是寫給她親愛的兒子的，這應該是她要忌諱的。作為一個母親，她希望自己的兒子平安、健康、幸福。盡管林徽因少女時代就游學英國，但她畢竟在中國的傳統大家庭長大，傳統文化的影響必然存在。她曾在給胡適的信中說過：我的教育是舊的，我變不出什么新的人來，我只要“對得住”人——爹娘、丈夫(一個愛我的人，待我極好的人)、兒子、家族等等，后來更要對得起另一個愛我的人(按:即金岳霖)，我自己有時的心，我的性情弄得十分為難。前幾年不管對得起他(即徐志摩)不，倒容易——現在結果，也許我誰都沒有對得起，你看多冤!這幾天思念他得很，但是他如果活著，恐怕我也待他仍不能改的。事實上太不可能。也許那就是我不夠愛他的緣故，也是我愛我現在的家在一切之上的確證。志摩也承認過這話。

在這段話中，她將自己對徐志摩的感情與自己對家人的感情對比，并且在爹娘和梁思成以及金岳霖和徐志摩之外，還特別提到了“兒子”，可見“兒子”在她心目中的分量。因此她的佳作當中，有一首是寫給兒子的，就非常合情合理了。她在1938年給費正清夫人費尉梅的信中說到自己的孩子：“寶寶（梁再冰）常常帶著一副女孩子的嫻靜的笑，長得越來越漂亮，而小弟是結實而又調皮，長著一對睜得大大的眼睛，他正好是我所期望的男孩子。他真是一個藝術家，能精心地畫出一些飛機、高射炮、戰車和其他許許多多的軍事發明。”她贊美自己的“所期望”的兒子是個“藝術家”，疼愛之心充溢字里行間。由此可以看出，在林徽因的心目中，兒子有著很重要的地位，她不會舍得以兒子的名義來紀念徐志摩。再者，既然林徽因可以在給胡適的信中坦白地說起徐志摩、金岳霖、梁思成這三個愛她的男人，并且曾經向梁思成坦白過她愛上了金岳霖的事實，因此，假如這首詩真是為徐志摩而作，她根本沒有必要也不會向梁思成隱瞞自己寫作這首詩的真實意圖，也就更沒必要將寫給徐志摩的詩說成是寫給自己兒子的。故而從作者性情之真及她的母親心理這兩個角度來分析，這首詩絕不會是情詩。

藍棣之在《文學創作的有意識與無意識》中說，事隔四年，林徽因對徐志摩之死的那種傷感已經淡化，她相信徐志摩已經是一個自由的精靈了，所以寫出這樣的詩。如果寫給兒子的，不會這樣寫，可能會寫一些祝福期望之類的話，而不是寫這樣的話。這好像不太吉利。正如前面所說，如果這首詩不吉利，那林徽因為什么還說是寫給自己兒子的呢？何況這首詩中我們看不到不吉利的意象，如果說詩中有意象不適合比喻孩子的話，那只能是“黃昏”、“夜晚”、“月亮”、“白蓮”這樣的意象，但是，詩中“黃昏”是吹著“軟”風的，“夜夜的月圓”卻又是吉祥美滿的；“白蓮”也是“夢期待”的、“柔嫩喜悅” 初放在“水光浮動”之上的。它們盡管是冷色的，但純凈美好，充滿生機。

我們可以比較《別丟掉》和《你是人間的四月天》這兩首詩中的意象，很明顯，前一首中的意象和情感非常符合懷念故去徐志摩的寫作意圖，“幽冷的山泉底”、“黑夜”、“山谷”、“渺茫”、“隔山燈火”、“月明”等凄清幽冷的意象描畫的就是內心對死者的懷念和“嘆息”，有些懷亡者的凄涼況味，也足以見她對于徐志摩之死的傷痛之深。后一首詩中的意象和意味則截然不同，如“春”、“笑響”、“細雨點”、“鵝黃”、“新鮮初放的芽的綠”、“柔嫩喜悅”、“花開”、“燕在梁間呢喃”，“你是愛，是暖，是希望，你是人間的四月天”等等，這些意象溫馨美好洋溢生機，而且詩歌的內在情感節奏輕靈歡快，我們可以感受到作者內心的歡欣與喜悅，而迥然不同于《別丟掉》那種憂傷幽緩的嘆息。徐志摩的死在林徽因的心靈里投下了很深的關于死亡陰影，故而《別丟掉》里的彌漫著憂傷嘆息，其散文《紀念志摩去世四周年》寫到經過徐志摩的故鄉時的傷感、1935年發表的小說《鐘綠》對美人鐘綠及其男友韶華之年早去人間的幽幽感嘆，都顯示了作者心靈里對于徐志摩之死的震動、傷感與思索。以情詩來解，就很難理解林徽因為什么能將對已故的徐志摩的懷念之情寫得如此輕靈生動，文學史上也罕見有用這樣輕快靈動的風格來寫一個離開人間不久的逝者。因此，在筆者看來，這首詩寫給徐志摩是不可能的。它不可能是一首情詩，因此只會是一首親子之詩，是一首對生命的贊歌。

藍棣之先生說：“寫給孩子的詩會提出期望什么的。”縱觀中國文學史上詩人們為孩子們寫的詩，確有其例，但并不盡然。茲略舉幾例：

對孩子提出期望的有李商隱《驕兒詩》：“兒當速成大，探雛入虎穴。當為萬戶侯，勿守一經帙。”思念孩子的也有，李白《寄東魯二稚子》以生動細膩的筆觸寫出了一位慈父思念小兒女的骨肉真情：“嬌女字平陽，折花倚桃邊。折花不見我，淚下如流泉。小兒名伯禽，與姊亦齊肩。雙行桃樹下，撫背復誰憐？”寫出兒女嬌態，表達父愛的也有，如南朝左思的《嬌女詩》：“吾家有嬌女，皎皎頗白皙。小字為織素，口齒自清歷。鬢發覆廣額，雙耳似連璧。明朝弄梳臺，黛眉類掃跡。濃朱衍丹唇，黃吻瀾漫赤。……”由此看來，父母對幼小的孩子的感情不只局限于期望一類。父母之愛子，歷來符合自然和社會的法則，也一直在人類社會中綿延不息。柔嫩的嬰兒以其幼小、稚嫩以及新鮮的生命力和對世界孩子氣的好奇和探索喚起父母心中濃烈的愛憐，故而文學家們都會感受和表現出孩子們的童趣的一面。在母親眼里，孩子就更是很奇妙的天使。正如印度詩人泰戈爾《開始》中說：

你的溫柔在我年輕的肢體上開花了，像一道曙光在太陽出來之前劃過天空。

天堂里的第一個寵兒與晨曦一同降臨，你沿著世界生命的溪流漂浮而下，終于在我的心頭停泊。

當我凝視你的臉時，神秘感震撼著我，原屬于一切的你，竟成了我的。

因為怕失去你，我把你緊緊地擁在懷里。是什么魔法把這世界的寶貝牽引到我這纖弱的臂膀中呢?

在母親的懷里，幼小的孩子就更是一切純潔和美好的化身，就是有生機的一切，“是愛，是暖，是希望，你是人間的四月天”。西蒙·波伏娃《女性的秘密》中說：“受時間和空間的限制，男人在他們陌生的自然和歷史中只不過是一個孤獨的個體。他們只有一具軀體有限的生命。女人也同樣受到限制，而且同男人一樣，她也被賦予了心靈與精神。但是她屬于自然，無限的生命之流穿過她的身體，因此她是個人與宇宙的調解人。”林徽因是一個女人，一個母親。宇宙的生命之流穿過林徽因的身體，為她帶來了一個新的生命。她又是個詩人，有著非常敏感的心靈。徐志摩的英年早逝，刺激了她的諸多感慨，但最真切的莫過于使她感受到了生命的無常，這是她在《悼志摩》中已經表達過的生命體驗。因為最好的、可以有精神共鳴的朋友的意外死亡，她對于生命、對于做母親就有了更為深刻的體驗。林徽因曾與徐志摩一起接待過訪華的泰戈爾，泰戈爾詩中對生命的感悟也許在她親身感受了生命的無常與神秘之后才在她的心目中更加清晰起來。體驗了死亡和失去之痛后，更明白新生之生命的歡樂和意義，即更能感覺到雪化后那片“鵝黃”的可貴。

《你是人間的四月天》的寫作，正是出于此種心境。它確實是一首母親為孩子出生所做的詩，林徽因沒有明確說明是為兒子的出生而作，是因為母親的公允不允許她作這樣的說明。如一定要說與徐志摩有關，那么只能用藍棣之所說的“文學癥候式分析”來假設，即在女詩人的心目中，徐志摩消逝了的生命經過宇宙的生命之流，在她的身體中獲得了新的生命，即生命在輪回。這是中國傳統的生死輪回觀念。以榮格的集體無意識理論為據，在林徽因的潛意識中，這一定是存在的。

你是人間的四月天

—— 一代才女林徽因的詩歌與情感經歷

我們今天提起林徽因，更多想到的是才子徐志摩對她至死未了的真摯愛情以及她與梁啟超之子梁思成的美好婚姻，想到的是那富麗大方、美觀莊重的共和國國徽和肅穆莊嚴的人民英雄紀念碑，卻很少有人將她那些精美優雅的詩歌拾來重溫。“寫詩只是她的副業，靈感一至，妙手得之，然后便束之高閣，朋友們不向她索稿，她是輕易不發表的。”所以當我今天又讀到這些真摯而清麗的詩歌時，內心被她那份珍貴樸實的情感深深打動了。

第五篇：一1-英語作文賞析

1.How can students of average intellegence be top students without additional work? 中等智力的學生如何才能在不增加學習負擔的情況下成為優等生？

2.Improving your study habits can help you to be a top student without much additional work.改進學習習慣能使你不必增加太多學習負擔而成為優等生。

3.Studying shouldn''t occupy all of your spare time/free time/leisure hours.It is important to set aside time for

relaxation,hobbies and entertainment.學習不應當把業余時間全部占去，還得給休息、業余愛好和娛東活動留出時間，這一點很重要。

4.Making a study plan can make us more aware of how we are going to spend our time.制定學習計劃能使你更有意識地去支配時間。

5.The purpose of skimming is to find out the main idea of the passage.略讀的目的是找出一篇文章的中心思想。

6.Making full of time in class means we can spend less time after class.充分利用上課霎時間意味著課外少花時間。

7.We have to double our efforts if we want to be successful in our studies.如果我們想在學習上取得成功，我們必須加倍努力。

8.Regular review can make our new knowledge permannent.定期復習能幫助鞏固新知識。

9.The teacher is explaining what we were confused about.老師正在講解我們原因混淆不清的問題。

10.The problem remains untouched.這個問題還是無人過問。

11.We should share happiness and sorrow with our friends.我們應當與朋友同甘共苦。

12.Qualified college students should develop morally,intellectually and physically.合格的大學生應當德、智、體全面發展。

13.Reading has added great pleasure to our college life.閱讀增加我們大學生活的樂趣。

14.I tried my best to have finished that assigement ahead of time.我盡力終于提前完成了任務。

15.It is no use worrying excessively about a single failure, we should draw some useful lessons form it.過分地擔心一次考試的失敗是沒有用的，我們應當從中聽取有用的教訓。

16.The purpose of a test is to show both the teachers and students how they are getting along with their work.考試的目的是讓老師和學生了解他們教與學的情況。

17.I am very sorry that I don’t have adequate time for both work and studies.我非常遺憾沒有充分的時間學習與工作。

18.The teacher wrote what she had said on the blackboard so that he could make their students more clearly understood.為了使學能聽得更加明白，老師把它所講的寫在板上。

19.We should make good use of our time in class and concentrate on what the teacher says.我們應該充分利用上課時間，集中精力聽課。

20.Be sure to set aside at least an hour a day for sports。It will make you healthy and energetic.務必每天至少留出一個小時參加體育活動，這會使你身體健康，精力充沛。

21.It has taken me three hours to finish writing the 2500-word composition.我花了三個小時寫好一篇2500字的作文。

22.Children should not depend on their parents too much.They ought todo what they can do by themselves/on their owm.。

孩子們不應該過多依靠父母，他們要自己努力做力所能及的事。

23.I could not understand a single sentence without an English dictionary.我那時離開字典就看不懂一個英文句子。

24.I couldn''t help thinking of his parents at the sight of the orphan.一看到那個孤兒，我就情不自禁地想起了他的父母。

25.With days passing by, I get to know the importance of taking notes.隨著時光的流逝，我逐漸認識到記筆記的重要性。

26.That is the rate at which the population in Asia has raised in recent years.這就是最近幾年亞洲人口的增長率。

27.We will accomplish nothing all our life unless we work hard enough.我們如果不足夠努力，必將終生一事無成。

28.People complain that there is too much violence and sex on TV screens.人們抱怨電視屏幕上暴力和色情太多。

29.In the modern age when human beings depend so much on machines , the disabled have given us new pride.在人類如此依賴機器的時代，殘疾人給我們帶來了新的自豪。

30.We are to study in this university for four years, during which we shall prepare ourselves well for the society.我們將在大學學習四年，在此期間，我們要為進入社會做好準備。

31.Francis Chichester said that it was always satisfying to do sth that no one else had done.Francis Chichester說，做前人從未做過的事總是會令人滿足的。

32.What they had seen and heard in China made deep impression on them.在中國的所見所聞給他們留下了深刻的印象。

33.The whole voyage from England and back was more than twice the distance anyone had previously sailed alone.從英國出發，又返回到英國，整個航程比以往單人駕舟航海的最遠航程還遠一倍多。

34.In the modern age, people depend more and more on computers to solve problems of various kinds.當代人越來越依靠計算機解決各種問題了。

35.Chichester’s voyage began because he was terrified of Cape Horn.Chichester正是因為對合恩角的恐懼才開始他的那次航行的。

36.He set off once more in spite of his friends'' attempts to dissuade him.盡管他的朋友盡力勸阻，他還是再度起航了。

37.He isn''t a very good basketball player in spite of his height.盡管他很高但他不是位很好的籃球運動員。

38.The old man looks both ways before crossing the street.老人左右看了看才橫過街道。

39.One meaning of punctuality is that we must not put off what we can do today till tomorrow.守時性的意思是：今日事，今日畢。

40.Jack was late for the meeting.Moreover，he didn''t even apologize or give any explanation.杰克開會遲到了，而且，他既不道歉也不解釋。

41.Enid made every effort to make her mother happy.伊妮德盡力讓她母親高興。

42.The old lady seemed content to look after the children for her neighbors.老太太似乎很樂意為鄰居照看小孩。

43.A contented person is happy with what he has.知足常樂.44.The monitor has arranged for over ten students to clean the conference hall for the English speech contest.班長安排了十多個同學去打掃會議廳，為英語演講比賽做準備。

45.Dick was sent to the hospital because of a minor injury in the traffic accident.迪克在那場交通事故中受了點輕傷，被送進了醫院。

46.If help did not come then,the soldiers must endure to the end.那時如果無人求援，士兵必須忍耐到底。

47.A feather falls slower than a stone only because the air holds the feather back more than it does the stone.羽毛比石頭落得快，只是因為空氣對羽毛的阻力要比對石頭的大。

48.Is there anything interesting in today''s newspaper?

今天的報紙有什么趣聞嗎？

49.The boy tore a page from the calendar and drew a bunch of grapes on it.那男孩撕下一頁日歷，在上面畫了一串葡萄。

50.If you work hard at other times you won''t have to sit up all night before the exam.你要是平時努力學習，考前就不用整晚開夜車了。