第一篇：欣賞英美文學 2013.9

欣賞英美文學，培養學習習慣

【摘要】本文結合陶行知先生“教學合一”的理念，闡述了欣賞英美文學的意義、價值，與培養學習習慣的關系，英美文學材料選擇的原則，具體策略、方法、活動。通過欣賞英美文學能激發學生學習英語的興趣，培養學生良好的學習習慣，自主學習的能力和可持續發展能力。

【關鍵詞】高中英語 英美文學 教學合一 學習習慣

一、高中英語教學現狀

高中英語教學由于受高考指揮棒的影響，從高一開始就是大量的題海戰術，即使新授課也是問幾個問題或文章脈絡簡單疏通一下，就開始大量的講解詞匯、句型、語法，譯林牛津版教材中許多很好的板塊如word power, task, project就被簡單處理成學一點詞匯，做一點聽力，完成一篇閱讀理解，根本不是聽說讀寫綜合能力的培養。可實施這樣的英語教學，學生課上機械地記筆記，課后被動地做習題、背詞匯，學英語變得索然無味，學生儼然成了學習、考試的機器，根本無法滿足學生個性發展的需要，也談不上培養學生的自學能力。

面對這樣的現狀，作為一線工作的英語教師，筆者一直在思考：如何做到教學合一，在教英語的同時，激發和培養學生學習英語的興趣，使學生學會學習，養成良好的學習習慣，培養學生自主學習的能力和可持續發展能力。經過一段時間的探索與思考加上對文學作品的熱愛，筆者認為引導學生欣賞英美文學是一個很好的嘗試。

二、學生欣賞英美文學的意義、價值

許多學生都有過類似的經驗：他們所說的或所寫的英語句子雖然符合英語語法規則，可卻不被以英語為母語者所接受，即不是地道的英語。而英美文學提供了大量的地道的、真實的語言材料。文學作品一直是高中英語教材的重要組成部分，現在譯林牛津版模塊八中有一個單元是專門欣賞英美文學作品的。

對于高中學生來說，英美文學作品的價值體現在多方面。對于學生的價值除了能提高學生的閱讀速度，增加詞匯量，培養英語語感之外，更主要的是體現在以下三個方面：

1.文學語言是藝術的語言,是語言大師經過雕琢的語言,具有形象生動、精美凝練、典雅深邃的特點,是學生學習和模仿語言的最好材料。

2.英美文學能夠提高學生的人文素質。英美文學名著這些藝術珍品以新穎獨特的藝術形式,栩栩如生的人物形象,多姿多彩的藝術技巧,蕩人心魄的藝術魅力, 不僅孕育著我們的審美意識,培養提高著我們的審美能力,更重要的是使學生獲得一種審美經驗,形成一種審美個性,構筑起學生詩意心靈世界。所以,英美文學教學不是講解一部小說的故事情節和人物特征,也不是對藝術特點作靜態分析,而是把這些靜態的材料放進文學的美的語境中引發出動態的、有生命的力量。

3.文學作品不僅是語言綜合運用的典范,更是一種文化的集中體現。英美文學作品無疑反映了英美文化的價值觀和世界觀,它們完全迥異于中國文化。通過英美文學教學研習異域文化,領略異域文化風采,可以開闊胸襟,逐漸培養學生的文化寬容精神。

三、欣賞英美文學與培養學習習慣

陶行知先生認為：“好的先生不是教書，不是教學生，乃是教學生學。教的法子必須根據于學的法子?”新課標指出，高中英語課程的任務是：“??為學生未來發展和終身學習奠定良好的基礎。”筆者認為，終身學習必須以學會學習，良好的學習習慣為基礎，因為“習慣是經過反復練習形成的較為固定的行為模式，學習習慣則是指學生為 1

了達到好的學習效果而形成的一種學習上的自動傾向”。如果學生沒有養成學習習慣，而是迫于外界壓力，缺乏自主性地去學習,這樣的學習效率是極低的，是無效的，以此為基礎的學生“有個性的發展”就只能是一種空談。既然文學欣賞和學習習慣的養成都以對人的培養為目標，都是當前英語教學中急待實現的任務和目標，那么我們在英語教學中就應該把兩者結合起來，互相促進。

文學欣賞需要由表及里的過程，讀者必須首先通過語言進入作品的藝術審美世界，領悟作品的意境和形象，體驗作品的思想和情感，從而獲得感染、熏陶。文學教育的根本目的在于審美教育、人文熏陶，進而逐漸影響學生的思想品質和行為品質。這是一個需要延續和反復地過程。

學習習慣作為一種自主學習行為，有明確的目的性和條理性，是長期性、常規性、反復性的行為，與文學欣賞教育從少到多、由表及里、從課內延伸到課外的要求相符，克服了短期學習和隨意學習的膚淺，保證了英美文學欣賞的審美教育、人文熏陶的目的和任務的實現。

四、英美文學材料選擇的原則

“教師要具備開發課程資源的能力，創造性地完成教學任務。教師應根據課程的要求，對教材進行分析，對學生的需求和水平進行深入了解，并根據自己的教學條件和教學環境，補充和調整教材的內容，創造性地完成課程標準中提出的教學目標與任務”（教育部，《普通高中英語課程標準》北京師范大學出版社，2003年）。

筆者認為教師在選擇英美文學作品時應遵循以下原則：

1.合適性

合適性即文學材料要符合學生的閱讀需求，符合英語教學的需要。任何一份文學材料或顯或隱地承載著特定的思想觀念或文化價值，潛移默化地影響著讀者的人生觀和價值觀。因此，所選的閱讀材料“應該符合高中學生的年齡特征、心理特征和認知發展水平”（教育部，2003），以宣揚積極、高尚的價值意識為主流，促進學生思想品德的健康發展。

2.可用性

可用性是指文學材料符合教學目的，能培養閱讀寫作技能，能體現這些閱讀寫作技能在現實生活中使用。不同的文學材料可用于不同的教學目的；與教材話題相關的文學材料屬于拓展性材料，可以幫助學生進一步了解背景知識，故事情節，擴大知識面，或進行仿寫、改寫、縮寫或續寫對照。包含特定語言項目或修辭現象的文學材料，可以幫助學生在真實的語境中更好地理解和掌握語言項目，屬于范例閱讀材料。功能性文學材料的作用在于材料本身的體裁和格式特點有助于培養提高學生的閱讀技能。

3.可讀性

可讀性是指教師要評估學生的閱讀水平選擇適合學生水平的文學材料。文學材料如果太難，詞匯量太大，學生閱讀進展緩慢，可能喪失閱讀興趣和動力。因此教師可選擇經典原版小說的簡易讀本。筆者選擇了上海外語教育出版社出版的《輕松讀經典叢書》，該套叢書按照難易程度和學生的認知水平恰當地進行了分級，其中的6、7、8級分別適合高一、二、三年級學生閱讀。還有英美少年文學作品《長腿叔叔》、《秘密花園》、《龍翼》等非常適于中學生閱讀。

4.趣味性

趣味性就是要教師根據學生的興趣愛好和年齡特征認知特點等選擇學生感興趣的文學

材料。如《哈利波特》系列，《福爾摩斯探案集》，科幻小說等都是深受學生喜愛的作品，以及一些已經改編為著名電影的著作，如《廊橋遺夢》等；《海外英語》、《讀者文摘》雜志也刊載部分精美英語原文并辟有作品賞析欄目，容易引起學生的興趣，因而也可作為教學的必備資料或向學生推薦書籍。

五、具體策略、方法、活動

要培養學生自覺閱讀的習慣，課堂是首要的陣地，教師應在課堂上留給學生一定的閱讀時間和空間，要使學生自己領悟和欣賞，旁人不要隨意代替；要使學生自己體味和感受，旁人不要代為說明，當學生成為閱讀的主人就是文學欣賞教育主體的回歸。當然，教師首先要對學生進行欣賞文學作品的方法、活動指導。

1、圈點、批注、記讀書筆記

學生對文學作品的圈點批注是對文學作品進行個性話閱讀和創造性閱讀的基礎，意味著他們在進行初步的文學欣賞活動。引導學生圈點批注時，可先從圈點勾畫他們不懂或難懂的字、詞、句入手或讓他們找出自己比較欣賞、喜歡的詞句或感觸比較深的地方，并互相交流。高中生批注習慣的養成在文學欣賞過程中尤為重要。批注更注重讀者對文本的品析、評價，強調對藝術形象的感悟和文本的獨到理解，是相對理性的。記讀書筆記可以升華文學欣賞過程中的感受。讀書筆記類型有摘抄、寫提綱、做摘要、評點、分析、歸納等等。以上方式應結合學生實際和教學實際靈活選用，佳句摘抄、故事概括、中心歸納與段落提綱的編寫、情節結構的提煉、以及寫法特色的歸納等都能充分發揮文學的認知作用。通過不斷的分類梳理、歸納總結、點評品析，學生升華了感性，加深了對文學作品的理解。教師對如何做讀書筆記，要做好詳細而有力的指導，并要進行必要的定期檢查和交流，以成果帶興趣，以興趣促行動，使做讀書筆記成為學生持久的行為習慣。

2、閱讀與電影欣賞結合好萊塢和英國廣播公司制作了很多由英美文學作品改編來的電影，如《指環王》、《哈利波特》系列、《新福爾摩斯》等，這些題材也是學生平時聊天的話題來源。不少學生通過觀看電影，產生了想要閱讀原著小說的興趣和動機。教師可以順勢把青少年小說布置為課堂或課外閱讀作業（課外閱讀作業最好安排在寒暑假、節假日或學習壓力相對較小的高

一、高二年級，確保有時間精力閱讀），同時搭配電影欣賞、討論活動及寫心得報告作業。

教師還可以在看英文原版電影的基礎上，把光盤和教案結合在一起制作成多媒體課件。如在教《遠大前程》時,可把VCD光盤上的有關情節和教案相結合制成多媒體課件，這樣學生在教師分析有關情節后或講解完選讀以后再欣賞相關電影剪輯，能充分體會到文學作品的魅力所在。通過現代化的教學手段，把教師與學生的看、聽、說、寫等有機結合在一起，從而加強了英美文學課的直觀性、生動性、形象性。

英美名著原版電影的觀看,可以有效地幫助學習者克服閱讀英美文學名著的畏難情緒。但教師應該告訴學生電影在表達人物的心理活動方面無法達到文學作品的敘述水平，學生只有通過對英美文學名著的閱讀,才能真正地提高自己的文學欣賞水平。

3、“文學圈”活動

在“文學圈”活動中，學生按個性、興趣組成文學探索小組，在固定的時間地點進行文學沙龍活動。教師可推薦語言難度適合兼顧趣味性的小說，不要求他們一次讀完整本小說，而是采取分次閱讀和討論的方式完成整個閱讀活動。在討論時，讀書筆記可以作為討論和互相學習的工具，分析討論作品的背景、章節簡介、主題、人物性格特點、寫作特色、精彩詞句等，各組活動最后要以簡報形式分享，還可以把各組所讀的小說推薦給其他小組，力圖說服其他組成員去閱讀，這也為用英語練習口語提高溝通能力提供機會。

4、讀者劇場

戲劇是非常合適的語言教學策略（McMaster, 1998)。在英語教學中，讀者劇場的概念已被廣泛運用。讀者劇場具有高度的互動性，以創造性和有趣的方法整合閱讀和寫作教學，并將聽、說、讀、寫四種能力培養融合在一個活動中。讀者劇場是一種口述朗讀的劇場形式，每位學生都分配一個角色，然后直接以口述朗讀表演，配以適當的語氣和聲調變化。劇本可采用現有小說或加以改寫，或延用原有故事情節及人物角色自創新劇本。讀者劇場與角色扮演之類的英語練習活動最大的不同之處在于讀者劇場只做朗讀的表演而不做肢體的表演，因此可以克服有些學生在人群前表演的恐懼，或有些學生因記不住臺詞而產生學習焦慮等問題。此外，讀者劇場也免去了場地大小限制或道具準備的麻煩。

六、結束語

總之，英美文學欣賞課程的開設是實行英語素質教育的需要，旨在培養學生的學習興趣，提高學生的人文素質，培養學生的學習習慣以實現英美文學教育的審美教育的作用。它是世界英語學習的發展方向，也是我國中學英語教學改革的發展趨勢。在中學英語教學改革實踐中，積極探索，開好文學欣賞類課程必將會加快我國英語教學的改革步伐，真正實現通過英語課程學習促進學生的全面發展和終身學習的目的。

參考文獻：

1.陶行知紀念館等主編 陶行知文集 【M】南京： 江蘇教育出版社

2.教育部.2003.普通高中英語課程標準（實驗）【M】北京： 人民教育出版社

3.祁靜 2005.讓英語文學作品走進高中英語教學【J】 中小學外語教學（9）：8-11

4.溫建蘭 2006讀者劇場在中學英語課堂教學中的運用【J】中小學外語教學(8): 19-22

5.梁俊芳2011.在高中階段實施英語經典原版小說簡易讀本泛讀教學的嘗試【J】中小學外語教學（10）：35--39

第二篇：英美文學

Analysis of Robinson Crusoe

2009級師范三班劉靜 Robinson Crusoe is written by Defoe(1660 ~ 1731), known as the father of English novel and the periodical literature.He is the father of the English novel and periodical literature, who was born in a family which was against the Anglican Protestant.His father is a businessman, doing business.His article influenced the later development of journal articles and newspaper.Because the speech, he was repeatedly arrested.At the age of 59 Defoe began writing fiction as a novelist, show remarkable ability.Robinson Crusoe Robinson is Defoe's first novel, is also one of the most famous novels.It is based on a British seaman on a deserted island alone for 4 years in exile records and creation.Robinson is the heroine of Defoe works in accordance with their ideals and created the character, he killed out of doing business, living on a desert island for 28 years, overcome all sorts of unimaginable difficulties.He start empty-handed, develop the island, not only to their own survival, and create a new world.He was a pioneer in the image, a real asset class hero.In this figure embodies the western ocean civilization tradition, with the outward development of curiosity, desire to conquer and spirit of adventure, praised the strength quality and working spirit.The novel opens English realistic novel road.In this novel, there are so many about the Wonderful part, but two points impress: one is the author of the narrative language easy to understand.In front of the book, the author use a lot of space to introduce Robinson in the sea to sea before, whether does not listen to parents' guide, but follow the guidance of the soul, the careful psychological description, the author description most incisive.Two is a fascinating story, the protagonist of nearly thirty years of life vividly in front of us, let our eyes as if emerging from a young life.Robinson Crusoe is to let a person look after all that the most primitive, most of my books, not only because it is the wonderful, and it gives us the modern enlightenment.The most qualities I learn from Robinson Crusoe is not his hard-working and brave, but his amazing mental capacity.One can imagine, a single large living alone on a desert island life ten years, no one to accompany him, even the most basic, and a person simply talk for a while to do.The deserted island there is no house, no rice, can only rely on his own hard to create a piece of heaven and earth.The first nonwhite character to be given a realistic, individualized, and humane portrayal in the English novel, Friday has a huge literary and cultural importance.Recent rewritings of the Crusoe story, like J.M.Coetzee’s Foe and Michel Tournier’s Friday, emphasize the sad consequences of Crusoe’s

failure to understand Friday and suggest how the tale might be told very differently from the native’s perspective.Besides his importance to our culture, Friday is a key figure within the context of the novel.Friday’s sincere questions to Crusoe about the devil, which Crusoe answers only

indirectly and hesitantly, leave us wondering whether Crusoe’s knowledge of Christianity is superficial and sketchy in contrast to Friday’s full

understanding of his own god Benamuckee.In short, Friday’s exuberance and emotional directness often point out the wooden conventionality of Crusoe’s personality.Despite Friday’s subjugation, however, Crusoe appreciates Friday much more than he would a mere servant.Crusoe does not seem to value intimacy with humans much, but he does say that he loves Friday, which is a

remarkable disclosure.Crusoe may bring Friday Christianity and clothing, but Friday brings Crusoe emotional warmth and a vitality of spirit that Crusoe’s own European heart lacks.This novel shows that we need to believe ourselves, where there is a will, there is way.Use our hands, then see a new world.What is more, we are not only live ourselves in the world, we need to care about others.Be brave, and

never lose hope.

第三篇：英美文學

術語解釋：

Couplets: a rhymed pair of Iambic pentameter lines.Blank verse: unrhymed Iambic pentameter lines.Sonnet: 14 Iambic pentameter lines which follows certain rhyme schemes.2.The conquest: In the year the Normans headed by which is mainly about 4.The Canterbury Tales, in Chaucer’s plan, was to exceed that of Boccaccio’s Decameron, but he failed and only 24 tales were written.5.William Shakespeare, one of the first founders of realism.6.In the first period of his work Shakespeare wrote:

1590The Second and Third part of King Henry VI

1591The First part of King Henry VI

1592The Life and Death of King Richard III;The Comedy of Errors

1593Titus Andronicus;The Taming of the Shrew

1594The Two Gentlemen of Verona;Love’s Labour’s Lost;Romeo and Juliet

1595The Life and Death of Richard II;A Midsummer Night’s Dream

***8Much Ado About Nothing;The Merry Wives of Windsor;The Life of King Henry V

1599The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;As You Like It

1600Twelfth Night, or, What You Will

In the second period:

1601 1602 Troilus and Cressida;All’s Well That Ends Well

160416051606Antony and Cleopatra

1607The Tragedy of Coriolanus;Timon of Athens

1608Pericles, Prince of Tyre

In the third period:

1609Cymbeline, King of Britain

1610The Winter’s Tale

1612The Tempest;The Life of King Henry VIII

7.Hamlet.To be, or not to be: that is the question: is soliloquy which used in a play on the stage and without a listener.To die, to sleep, no more.8.Francis Bacon is scientist, philosopher, essayist.John Donne, a metaphysical poets(玄學派詩人)

John Milton, his Paradise Lost, which tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven1

out of Eden.John Bunyan, The plain man’s pathway to heaven.成功刻畫人物。

Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, the first English novel, 是一部現實主義小說，作品的主題是通過對主人公魯濱孫的成功刻畫，歌頌資本主義上升時期那種不畏艱難和困苦，充滿野心和冒險精神，富有百折不撓，頑強毅力和斗志，依靠自己的雙手改變一切、創造一切的自我奮斗和創業精神。Is a realistic novel, the theme is according to the successfully describe of the hero Robinson, sing the praises of the not afraid of hardships and difficulties, and full of ambition and spirit of adventure , indomitable will power and fighting power, what’s more, the spirit of self-made depending on oneself in the liftperiod of capitalism.John Swift, his Gulliver’s Travels, 抨擊當時英國的議會政治和反動的宗教勢力，通過描寫格列佛四次遇險，寫出了作者看透了當代的腐敗，以諷刺的方法，抨擊了當時腐敗的社會。Attack the Britain

parliamentarism and reactionary religious forces, according to describe Gulliver’s four-time distress to show the writer has understood the contemporary social corruption, and attack the corrupted society by satire at that time.Henry Fielding is the father of English novel.John Smith is the first American writer.Thomas Jefferson is the writer of The Declaration of Independence.The literature of romanticism period is from American War of Independence to before the Civil War.combining historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering on

surrealism.His depictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to express

Transcendentalism是美國浪漫主義最高潮時期的體驗，認為世間萬物都是平等的。

Henry David Thoreau is the beginner of transcendentalism.Herman Melville, American novelist, proser and poet.Moby Dick, in which shows the struggle between

mankind and nature and draw people’s attention on how to get along with nature properly.He wants to subvert transcendentalism.9.詩歌鑒賞

Sonnet 18

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?我能否將你比作夏天？

Thou art more lovely and more temperate:你比夏天更美麗溫婉。

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,狂風將五月的蓓蕾凋殘，And summer's lease hath all too short a date;夏日的勾留何其短暫。

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,休戀那麗日當空，And often is his gold complexion dimm'd,轉眼會云霧迷蒙。

And every fair from fair sometime declines,休嘆那百花飄零，By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd:催折于無常的天命。

But thy eternal summer shall not fade唯有你永恒的夏日常新

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,你的美貌亦毫發無損。

Nor shall Death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,死神也無緣將你幽禁，When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.你在我永恒的詩中長存。

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,只要世間尚有人吟誦我的詩篇，So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.這詩就將不朽，永葆你的芳顏。

全詩的基本格律是五音步抑揚格（iambic pentameter），包括三個四行組（quatrain）和一個對偶句(couplet)，采用典型的莎氏十四行的韻式，即abab cdcd efef gg。

二、比喻和描述有時平淡或離奇，破壞意美

Sonnet 29

When, in disgrace with fortune and man's eyes當我受盡命運和人們的白眼，I all alone beweep my outcast state暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飄零，And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries徒用呼吁去干擾聾瞶的昊天,And look upon my self and curse my fate顧盼著身影，詛咒自己的生辰，Wishing me like to one more rich in hope愿我和另一個一樣富于希望，Featured like him,like him with friends possess'd面貌相似，又和他一樣廣交游，Desiring this man's art and that man's scope希求這人的淵博，那人的內行，With what I most enjoy contented least最賞心的樂事覺得最不對頭；

Yet in these thought myself almost despising可是，當我正要這樣看輕自己，Haply I think on thee,and then my state忽然想起了你，于是我的精神，Like to the lark at break of day arising便象云雀破曉從陰霾的大地

From sullen earth sings hymns at heaven's gate振翮上升，高唱著圣歌在天門：

For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings一想起你的愛使我那么富有，That then I scorn to change my state with kings和帝王換位我也不屑于屈就。

賞析：對社會、對自己的命運的不滿和無奈。格律是五音步抑揚格（iambic pentameter）.韻式，即abab

cdcd efef gg。

To a Waterfowl《 致 水 鳥 》

-----by William Cullen Bryant威廉·卡倫·布賴恩特

Whither, 'midst falling dew,披著滴落的露珠，While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,天空燦爛，白日的行程就要結束；

Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue穿過玫瑰色的遙遠空際，Thy solitary way?你往何方把孤單的前程追逐？

總結：As the dew falls and the sun sets in the rosy depths of the heavens, I wonder where you(waterfowl)are

going?

Vainly the fowler's eye看你遠遠飛翔而無計可施，Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,捕鳥人的眼光徒勞眷顧；

As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,滿天紅霞把你映襯，Thy figure floats along.暗黑的身影飄飄飛舞。

總結：the hunter can bring no harm to you ,you are free and safe.Without success, a hunter(fowler)might try to

bring you down as you float in silhouette against the crimson evening sky.Seek'st thou the plashy brink你是在尋找開闊的大河之濱，Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,還是波浪拍岸的水草之湖？

Or where the rocking billows rise and sink或者潮水沖刷的海灘，On the chafed ocean side?那里的巨浪奔騰起伏？

? 總結：are you seeking for a place that is suitable for rest? Are you looking for the marshy edge of a lake,the bank of a river, or the shore of the ocean?

There is a Power whose care有上蒼把你關照，Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,--在無路的海岸為你指路，The desert and illimitable air,--在荒漠和無邊的空際，Lone wandering, but not lost.你孤單的飄蕩不致迷途。

? 總結：There is a Power that leads you on your way across deserts and through unlimited expanses of air.You may be wandering and alone, but you are not lost.All day thy wings have fann'd你成天翕動翅膀，At that far height, the cold thin atmosphere:任空氣稀薄暴風寒冷，飛在高處，Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,疲乏中你不肯降落舒適的大地，Though the dark night is near.即使黑夜即將緊閉它的帷幕。

總結：you have been flying the whole day, but do not stop and have a rest though dark is coming.You have been flapping your wings all day high in the sky, yet you continue on even though night is near and land beckons beneath you.And soon that toil shall end,你很快就會結束這樣的勞苦，Soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,你即將找到你夏天的住處；

And scream among thy fellows;reeds shall bend休息中呼喚自己的伙伴，Soon o'er thy sheltered nest.蘆葦也會躬身把你的窩巢遮護。

? 總結：you have a strong desire to be with your family;or, to achieve your goal.Soon your journey will

end.Soon you will descend to your summer home.There, you will scream among others of your kind and find secure shelter among the tall grasses.Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heaven你的身軀全被吞沒，Hath swallowed up thy form;yet, on my heart天堂深淵里，你蹤影全無；

Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,然而你的啟迪深深留在我的心底，And shall not soon depart.我將久久地久久地把它記住。

? 總結:I can no longer see you, but I will never forget the lesson you taught me.He, who, from zone to zone,誰，從一個地方到另一個地方，Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,指引你穿越無限的天空作必然的飛翔，In the long way that I must tread alone,也會在我必須獨自跋涉的長途上，Will lead my steps aright.正確地引導我的腳步。

賞析：There are eight 4-line stanzas, in each stanza, their rhyme is abab.

第四篇：英美文學

《英美文學》復習方法

一、找到《英美文學》的輔導書，例如《自考一本通》《自考直通車》等類型的漢語版輔導書。

二、先把漢語版輔導書的課文翻譯通讀，理解了全書每個章節的內容和知識點；用漢語記錄重點；

三、第一輪復習順序：

1、先看英國文學，后看美國文學

2、按照時間順序看，每個時代都有代表性文學流派和代表作家及代表性作品

3、按照課本的章節順序，看完漢語譯文后，對照英語譯文，劃出課本上對每個時代代表性流派，代表作家和代表作品的描述和評論。名詞性描述一般是填空題和選擇搭配題；評論部分是簡單題和問答題；*只看代表性的重要信息，非代表性作品和作家生平介紹不用看；記住某個時代某個流派有哪些代表作家，哪些代表性作品及該作品的簡要介紹和評論。

4、按照章節劃出重點信息，然后整理筆記；

5、全部整理完畢之后，基本上對文學史和代表文學作品有了基本了解。

四、第二輪復習順序

1、找到歷年真題，做題的時候對照答案，尋找該答案在課文原文中的原始線索，并作好整理記錄；

2、整理理解全部真題的答案以后，對課本的重點知識就有了比較清楚的理解；

五、考前突擊復習

1、依據真題筆記和第二輪復習的筆記，對不熟悉的部分進行重點復習。

2、根據以往考題的研究，舊題還會重新考，所以大家要關注所有做過的真題和各章節中沒有考過的但屬于代表性知識的部分，這些有可能是將要考的新題。自學考試已經有歷史了，所以過去的真題加起來也就是全書的重點知識網絡，所以認真復習真題并理解消化，整理幫助記憶，這對于考試制勝是最好的辦法。

*警告：千萬不要拋開課本直接做真題；

千萬不要死記硬背，而是要在理解的基礎上反復讀，抄寫，默記；反復整理筆記，新的筆記只記錄沒有掌握好的，直到最后的筆記成為提綱式的。

〈高級英語〉復習方法說明；

一、對照輔導書，精讀課文，做課后練習；

二、找來歷年考試真題，認真做，查到答案在課本中的相關地方

三、認真復習真題，總結知識點；錯題本，反復研究錯題

四、回到課本，從頭到尾認真閱讀課文，全面復習重點知識點；

五、整理真題，再次復習錯題；

*高級英語上下冊32個單元，復習面積很大，所以必須早動手，狠下功夫。

祝愿大家能夠取得優秀的成績！

第五篇：英美文學

SIR THOMAS MALORY

(1405-1471)

The OutlineI.SIR THOMAS MALORY

II.Morte d' Arthur《亞瑟王之死》

III.Questions for Discussion

.SIR THOMAS MALORY(1405-1471)

Life: He was very rich because he inherited a

considerable estate in Warwickshire(a county in west

central England)upon his father's death in 1433 and he

seems to have quickly become drawn into the turmoil of

local politics.In 1445, he became a Member of

Parliament for his county: a rather unstable area during

this time because the usually powerful Earl of Warwick,was only in his mid-teens.A lot of political affairs in Warwickshire led Sir

Thomas into his numerous clashes with the law.From

1444 onwards, he was caught up in raids(襲擊)on the

attacks on the Duke of Buckingham and Combe Abbey

大修道院,大寺院 , as well as a number of thefts in the county

of Essex.Keen to blacken his name, Sir Thomas'

enemies branded(給某人加上污名)him “a rapist, church-

robber, extortioner(勒索者，敲詐者)and would-be

murderer".Unlucky or incompetent,Sir Thomas was certainly in prison almost

continuously throughout the 1450s, though he did

escape several times.His pardon came to him in

October 1462, followed by military service in

Northumbria.From then on he kept his head down,but may have become embroiled(使卷入)in Cook's

Conspiracy(陰謀活動)of 1468, for which he was

imprisoned.There, he turned to writing and earned

eternal fame.Sir Thomas died on 12th March 1471,probably in Newgate Prison(London).He was buried in the nearby Friary Church of St.Francis.II.Morte d' Arthur

《亞瑟王之死》

Malory's tale begins with the mysterious birth of Arthur and ends with his equally mysterious death.The central concern is with the adventures of Arthur and his famous Knights of the Round Table.The knights fight many battles and win glory, all of which is a credit to the name of King Arthur.Near the end of the story, however, the tide of good fortune turns.Launcelot, one of Arthur's knights, falls in love with Arfhur's queen, Guinever, and the lady

returns his love.One by one the other knight become discontented(使不滿), selfish, or

disillusioned(使醒悟;使不再抱幻想;使...的理想破滅).Thus weakened, the kingdom is attacked by force under Sir Mordred, Arthur's treacherous(背叛的;不忠的)nephew, and ultimately it goes down in defeat.Arthur is borne away(被...所驅使)on a barge(大型平底船)by three mysterious ladies of the Lake.Morte d‘Arthur was written in a time of transition.The feudal order was dying.By the time Malory began writing his story, soldiers were fighting with gunpowder, a middle class of

tradesmen was arising;and the practices of chivalry were being replaced(代替,取代)by a new aristocratic code.Malory, in a desire to escape the disorder and uneasiness of his day,tried to recapture lost ideals of the romantic past as recounted(敘述,講述)in his tale of noble kings, adventurous knights, and damsels(少女;閨女)in distress(悲痛;苦惱;憂傷;貧困,窮苦;危難;不幸;引起痛苦或悲痛的事物).This book is very important in English literature.Its Arthurian materials have a strong influence on literature of later centuries.III.Questions for Discussion

1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?

2.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?

3.Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?

1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?

See the last paragraph on Page 50 to the fifth paragraph on Page 51.of our text book.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?See Page 6 –9 of our PPt..Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?

See the first paragraph on Page 52 of our text book.