第一篇：大學生英語說明文寫作

說明文是以說明為主要表達方式用來說明事物，闡明事理的一種文體。它通過揭示概念來說明事物的特征、本質及其規律性，給人準確的科學知識或正確思想。一般可分為實體事物說明和抽象事物說明兩大類，詞典、教材、論文、實驗報告、產品說明書、廣告、解說詞及科學小品等都屬于說明文。

按寫作方法,英語說明文主要分為下面六種類型:

1.例證法

這是用具體例子來說明人或事物的特征、本質及其規律的方法,所用例子必須有代表性、典型性,能體現人或事物的本質特征。這是用特殊來說明一般的方法。通常在主題句后,用 For example 或 For instance 等短語引導出具體的例子。例如:

Our life today depends very much on energy.For example, machines have made our life easier than it used to be.The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods-everything.Factories use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.這段主要是講能源問題。第一句為主題句,概括地說出“我們目前的生活很大程度上依賴能源”。接著用舉例的方法從三方面說明能源的作用。

2.定義法

下定義就是給說明對象一個明確概念。這是科學而嚴密的說明方法。它既能揭示事物的本質特征,勾勒其大概,描繪其輪廓,同時也能確定事物的范圍和界限。下定義是多方面的,可以給人、事物、思想等下定義。例如:

An ideal teacher must have the following characteristics.He should know his subject, but he can make mistakes if he is willing to learn.His personality is as important as his scholarship.An ideal teacher must be enthusiastic.He should be a bit of an actor and he shouldn't be afraid to show his feelings and express his likes and dislikes.An ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his students.本段的展開是通過對“一個模范教師”下定義的方法,關鍵詞“ideal teacher”在文中多次重復,能加深讀者的印象。

3.分類法

分類法是對同屬不同類或同類而不同種的人或事物,根據不同性質進行分門別類地說明的方法。分類是人類認識客觀世界的重要手段之一。分類必須遵守分類規則,使分類對象具有統一屬性,依據同一分類標準,并使分類的子項相互排斥,不互相包蘊。例如:

As far as political views are concerned, people fall into three categories.First are the conservative people.Conservatives are opposed to sudden or great changes.Second are the liberal people.These people are in favour of progress and reform.But their opinions often seem too idealistic.Third are the moderate people.The moderates keep everything within reasonable limits.They are more practical in this hard world.In my opinion, most people seem to belong to this group.本段把人按政治觀點分為三類:保守派(conservative people)、自由派(liberal people)和溫和派(moderate people),并對他們各自的特征進行了簡要的分析。

4.因果關系法

事物變化的原因和結果是緊密相關的。如果某個現象的存在必然引起另一個現象的發生,那么,這兩個現象之間就具有因果關系。因果關系包括“由果推因”(由結果去推測原因)和“由因推果”(由原因去推測結果)兩種

情況。因果關系符合人們的日常思維邏輯,因而在寫作中得到廣泛應用,常用 because, as, since, so, now that, if...then, the reason is that...等表示因果關系。例如:

Of the four seasons, I like spring best.I prefer spring because it is a season of much joy and gaiety.New life bursts out everywhere.Plants wear a green coaagain and colourful flowers blossom in gardens and mountains.The old come outdoors for fresh air and the young plan for outdoor activities.Life becomes so energetic and happy.第一句為本段主題句,末句是總結句。在主題句后, 作者用了四個句子闡述自己喜歡春天的理由。

5.比較對照法

有意識地把兩種相反、相對的事物或同一事物相反、相對的兩個方面放在一起,用比較的方法加以描述或說明,指出其相同點,這種寫法叫作“比較”;指出其不同點,叫作“對照”。比較和對照各有不同的側重,但兩種方法經常結合使用。

進行比較對照通常有兩種方式。第一種方式采用“先A后B”的結構,即A1,A2,A3...;B1,B2,B3...。第二種方式采用“AB交錯”結構,即A1,B1;A2,B2;A3,B3...。第一種方式采用先A后B的結構實際上是把一個段落(或一篇文章)分割為兩部分,先全面講A,再全面講B,這樣做較難收到強烈的對比效果。多數人認為第二種方式比較好,因為把對比的雙方AB逐點交錯,可以避免行文的單調沉悶,對比的效果也會更鮮明突出。例如:

It is easy to be a winner.A winner can show his joy publicly.He can laugh and sing and dance and celebrate his victory.People love to be with winners.Winners are never lonely.Unlike winners, losers are the lonely ones of the world.It is difficult to face defeat with dignity.Losers can not show their disappointments publicly.They can not cry or grieve about their defeat.They may suffer privately, but they must be composed in public.They have nothing to celebrate and no one to share their sadness.這段采用先A后B的對照方式,闡述勝利者和失敗者的不同特征。這種寫法較易操作,但行文往往比較平淡單調。再來看看AB交錯的比較方式:

I like having a twin sister.When she’s happy, I’

’

’m happy.When she feels unhappy, I feel the same.Often, I know what shes going to say.Sometimes, I know what she

s thinking.I like what she likes.I hate what she hates.We like the same music, the same food and the same books.這段采用AB交錯的比較方式,闡述孿生姐妹的相同特征。這種寫法較流暢自然,給讀者的印象也更鮮明突出。

6.過程分析法

過程分析法就是把事物發展過程分為若干步驟,然后逐一加以分析說明。這種寫法在說明文中使用得相當廣泛。過程分析與敘事和因果關系等寫法有密切關系,但彼此又有明顯區別:敘事研究的對象是“What happens”;因果關系研究的對象是“Why it happens”,而過程分析研究的對象是“How it happens”。例如:

There are several steps to plant a tree.First, dig a hole large enough for the tree, but the hole should not be too deep.Second, put the tree in the hole so that it is straight.Third, put the earth back into the hole again.Push it down hard with your foot several times.Finally, water the tree well, as often as possible.這段分析了植樹過程中的幾個步驟。全段層次分明,連接詞語(first, second, third, finally)的使用加強了語句的連貫性。

還必須說明的是,在實際寫作中,我們很少單獨采用上述幾種方法中的某一種。不少段落(或文章)的寫作都是綜合使用各種不同的寫作方法。同時還應明確,在寫作中有意識地側重使用某一種方法是有好處的。此外,上述這些說明文的寫作方法在議論文中也常被采用。如何使用這些方法,寫出一篇好的文章來,還需在平時認真積累,勤加練習。

第二篇：英語說明文寫作句型

Many people insist that...很多人堅持認為...With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that...隨著科技的發展,越來越多的人認為...A lot of people seem to think that...很多人似乎認為...·引出不同觀點:People's views on...vary from person to person.Some hold that....However, others believe that....人們對...的觀點因人而異.有些人認為.....然而其他人卻認為．．．People may have different opinions on...人們對...可能會有不同的見解.Attitudes towards(drugs)vary from person to person.人們對待吸毒的態度因人而異.There are different opinions among people as to...關于....人們的觀點大不相同.Different people hold different attitudes toward(failure).對(失敗)人們的態度各不相同.·結尾部分Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that...把所有這些因素加以考慮,我們自然會得出結論...Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that...考慮所有這些因素,我們可能會得出合理的結論...Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that...因此,我們最好得出這樣的結論...There is no doubt that(job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫無疑問,跳槽有優點也有缺點.All in all, we cannot live without...But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.總之,我們沒有...是無法生活的.但同時,我們必須尋求新的解決辦法來對付可能出現的新問題.·提出建議:It is high time that we put an end to the(trend).該是我們停止這一趨勢的時候了.It is time to take the advice of...and to put special emphasis on the improvement of...該是采納...的建議,并對...的進展給予特殊重視的時候了.There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of...毫無疑問,對...問題應予以足夠的重視.Obviously,....If we want to do something..., it is essential that...顯然,如果我們想做某事,很重要的是...Only in this way can we...只有這樣,我們才能...It must be realized that...我們必須意識到...·預示后果:Obviously, if we don't control the problem, the chances are that...will lead us in danger.很明顯,如果我們不能控制這一問題,很有可能我們會陷入危險.No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that...毫無疑問,除非我們采取有效措施,很可能會...It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.很緊迫的是,應立即采取措施阻止這一事態的發展.·論證部分From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.在我看來,支持第一種觀點比支持第二種觀點更有道理.I cannot entirely agree with the idea that...我無法完全同意這一觀點....Personally, I am standing on the side of...就個人而言,我站在...的一邊.I sincerely believe that...我真誠地相信...In my opinion, it is more advisable to do...than to do....在我個人看來,做...比做...更明智.Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why...坦誠地說，最后，還有一個較為實際的原因...·給出原因:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons.First,...Second,...Third,...這一現象的存在是有許多原因的.首先,...第二,...第三,...Why did...? For one thing...For another....Perhaps the primary reason is...為什么會...? 一個原因是...令一個原因是...或許其主要原因是....I quite agree with the statement that...the reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分贊同這一論述,即...,其主要原因如下:·列出解決辦法:Here are some suggestions for handling...這是如何處理某事的一些建議.The best way to solve the troubles is...解決這些麻煩的最好辦法是...People have figured out many ways to solve this problem.人們已找出許多辦法來解決這個問題.·批判錯誤觀點和做法:As far as something is concerned,....就某事而言,...It was obvious that...很顯然,....It may be true that..., but it doesn't mean that...可能...是對的,但這并不意味著...It is natural to believe that..., but we shouldn't ignore that...認為....是很自然的,但我們不應忽視....There is no evidence to suggest that...沒有證據表明...·作文中常用連接詞的選擇表示強調的連接詞

still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially.Obviously, clearly.表示比較的連接詞 like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.表示對比的連接詞 by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.表示列舉的連接詞 for instance, such as, take...for example, except for, to illustrate.表示時間的連接詞 later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while.表示順序的連接詞 then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.表示可能的連接詞 presumably, probably, perhaps.表示遞進的連接詞 What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.表示讓步的連接詞 although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.表示轉折的連接詞 however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on theother hand, unfortunately.whereas表示原因的連接詞 for this reason, due to, thanks to,because of, as, since, owing to.表示結果的連接詞 as a result, hence, accordingly, consequently, as consequence.用于總結的連接詞 on the whole, in conclusion, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize.其他類型連接詞 Mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case.

第三篇：英語說明文寫作指導

英語說明文寫作指導

一、定義

說明文是對事情的發生、發展、結果、特征、性質、狀態、功能等進行解釋、介紹、闡述的一種文體；是用說明的表達方式來解說事物，闡明事理。

二、寫作基本要求

這類文章的目的和性質是客觀地介紹、解釋事物，使讀者獲得知識和信息，并不需要發表主張、做出證明。說明文的基本特點是內容的科學性、說明的條理性和語言的準確性。說明文的種類很多，主要有事物說明文和事理說明文

三、寫作注意事項

1．要寫好說明文，應該注意以下幾點：

①描寫要抓住人或物的特征，防止面面俱到。

②說明層次要清楚，應由淺入深，由易到難，由外到里，由始到末。

③選用恰當的說明方法將各要點連接成句子。如定義、舉例、比較或對比、類比、分析、說明、敘述.④使用過渡語將上下文的邏輯關系體現出來。

⑤盡可能選用新穎、典型的素材，使說明的內容生動、有趣，以吸引讀者。

2．說明文的寫作步驟：

第一步：審題，確定主題句、主體時態(一般以現在時態為主)和中心人稱；

第二步：在主題句后按提示順序將各要點以完整的句子表達出來；

第三步：用過渡詞將上下文的邏輯關系體現出來。

課課練

一、完形填空

What does a successful language learner do? Language learning research shows that, successful language learners are independent(獨立的)learners.They do not depend on the book or the teacher;they discover their own way to learn the language, Instead of the teacher to explain, they try to find the rules for themselves.They try to learn from their mistakes.Successful language learning is active learning.Successful learners do not wait for a chance a chance.They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they They are willing（愿意）to make mistakes and try again.When communication is difficult, they can acceptis inexact(不正確的)or incomplete.It is more importantto learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of very word.Finally, successful language learners are a purpose.They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it.It is necessary communicate with these people and to learn from them.What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully.On the other hand, if yourthan successful, you’d better try some of the skills outlined(概述)above.()1.A.inB.onC.from

()2.After allB.First of allC.At last

()3.A.waitB.waitingC.waited

()4.suchB.soC.much

()5.A.have problemsB.make a decisionC.make a mistake

()6.A.whoB.whatC.that

()7.A.usB.himC.them

()8.A.withoutB.withC.for

()9.A.in order toB.so thatC.in order that

()10.A.moreB.muchC.less

二、書面表達

夢想是人類的翅膀，有了它，我們才能飛翔；夢想是最溫暖的光芒，即使在最黑暗的時候，它也能把前方的路照亮。每個人都有夢想，但要實現夢想必須為之努力拼搏。請你圍繞“中學生該如何實現夢想”這一話題展開思路，談談感想。

要求：

1．請根據所提供的信息材料和話題（不要逐句翻譯），寫出結構完整、語句精彩、意思連貫、語言流暢、語法準確、符合邏輯的短文。

2． 80詞以上。

3． 不得使用真實姓名、地名和學校名。

4． 題目自擬。

第四篇：英語說明文寫作句式

寫作的基本句式(上)

1．表示原因

1）There are three reasons for this．

2）The reasons for this are as follows．

3）The reason for this is obvious．

4）The reason for this is not far to seek．

5）The reason for this is that．．．

6）We have good reason to believe that．．．

例如： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．

注：如寫第一個句子沒有把握，可將其改寫成兩個句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life． There are three reasons for this．這樣寫可以避免套用中的表達失誤。

2．表示好處

1）It has the following advantages．

2）It does us a lot of good．

3）It benefits us quite a lot．

4）It is beneficial to us．

5）It is of great benefit to us．

例如： Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us．

3．表示壞處

1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．

2）It does us much harm．

3）It is harmful to us．

例如： However，everything divides into two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television．

4．表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能

1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb．to do sth．

2）We think it necessary to do sth．

3）It plays an important role in our life．

例如： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon，computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．

5．表示措施

1）We should take some effective measures．

2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．

3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．

4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．

例如： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．

6．表示變化

1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．

2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications．

3）The computer has brought about many changes in education．

例如： Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．

雅思寫作的基本句式(下)

7．表示事實、現狀

1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．

2）No one can deny the fact that．．．

3）There is no denying the fact that．．．

4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in．

5）However，that’s not the case．

例如： We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution．The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment．

8．表示比較

1）Compared with A，B．．．

2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．

3）There is a striking contrast between them．

例如： Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum．Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise．

9．表示數量

1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．

2）The population in this city has now increased（decreased）to 800，000．

3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January．

例如： With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased．

再如：

From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000．

10．表示看法

1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth．

2）People have different opinions on this problem．

3）People take different views of（on）the question．

4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．．

例如： People have different attitudes towards failure．Some believe that failure leads to success．

Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor．However，others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers．

再如：

Do “lucky numbersreally bring good luck？Different people have different views on it．

注：一個段落有時很適宜以問句開始，考生應掌握這一寫作方法。

11．表示結論

1）In short，it can be said that ．．．

2）It may be briefly summed up as follows．

3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．例如：From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however，its method should be improved．

注：例句1可用于任何一個段落的結論句；例句3則多用文章結論段的第一句。

12．套語

1）It’s well known to us that ．．．

2）As is known to us，．．．

3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．

4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ．．．

5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way．

例如： As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus．

The reason for this is obvious．Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an “ivory tower．As college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus．Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate．

再如： Does it pay to be honest？This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it．

第五篇：英語說明文寫作

說明文

1.? In recent years, …...（現象表現或變化）.In addition/Besides, ……（進一步闡述現

象）.This phenomenon has aroused hot discussion.? ……（總述現象）play a significant role in …（某方面）…….（進一步闡述該現象的原

因）.Therefore, ……（總結現象導致的結果）.However, some people argue that ……（問題1）.In addition, ……（問題2）.? In my opinion, ……（個人觀點/態度/ 建議）.Furthermore, ……（補充說明看法）.In a

word, ……（總結）.2.? Nowadays, there exist(s)……（事實/現象）…….（進一步闡述該現象）.However, the

reasons for ……（現象概括）are varied.? To begin with,……（原因1）.Moreover,……（原因2）.In addition, ……（原因3）.Finally, ……（原因4）.? As to me/As far as I’m concerned, ……（個人觀點）.On the one hand, ……（原因1）.On

the other hand, ……（原因2）.In brief, ……（總結）.3.? As is well known, …（提出問題）.It is obvious that …（原因1）.Additionally, …（原因

2）.So how to …（解決問題）is worth paying attention to.? First of all/Firstly/In the first place, …（解決方法1）.Secondly/In the second place/In

addition/Moreover, …（解決方法2）.Thirdly/Besides/What’s more, …（解決方法3）.? In fact, ways to …（解決問題）are countless.It is necessary/time that …（采取措施解決

問題）.4.? During recent years, the topic of …（事實/現象）,which has aroused public attention, is

being more and more popular.Undoubtedly/No doubt that…（總述問題的作用/重要性）.On the one hand, …（作用1）.On the other hand, …（作用2）.? However, it should be mentioned that …（分析問題的意義或原因）.…（進一步分析其

意義）.Therefore, it is of high significance/it is high time that …（解決問題）.? In the first place, …（解決方法1）.Furthermore, …（解決方法2）.Only in this way …

（解決問題）.