第一篇：國際商務英語

21、雖然多數合同并不引起糾紛，但合同是依法實施的，任何一方當事人若未能履行合同義務，可能會受到起訴并被強制作出賠償。

It is enforceable by law, and any party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make competition, though most contracts do not give rise to disputes.22、雖然易貨貿易是原始、低效，并且昂貴的貿易方式，但是發(fā)展中國家巨大的債務以及世界上大量的商品過剩使其不可避免。

Barter trade is a primitive, inefficient expensive way of doing business, but the massive debts of developing countries and the world’s oversupply of goods make it inescapable.23、對銷貿易可幫助有嚴重債務的國家繼續(xù)進口商品而實際上向債權人掩蓋出口收入。Counter trade may help those nations, with serious debt problems to continue to import goods while ,in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors.24、在國際貿易中，由于交易當事人很難充分了解彼此的財務信息和信譽狀況，很難建立相互信任。

In international trade, it is very difficult for the parties to get adequate information about each other’s financial standing and credit worthiness, and mutual trust is hard to build.25、如果進口國的政局穩(wěn)定，而且又有出口商信任的代理人，出口商就可以采用寄售方式，待貨賣出后再收回貨款。

If the importing country has a stable political situation and a trusted agent there to work for the exporter, the exporter can enter into consignment transactions and get payment until the goods are sold.26、在付款交單的情況下，進口商在承兌了出口商所開出的匯票后，便可得到單據，而付款則要晚于這個時間。

In the case of documents against acceptance, the importer will get the documents once the bill of exchange drawn by the ex-porter is accepted, while the payment will not be made until a later date.27、賣方憑提交的正確無誤的單據得到貨款，買方憑規(guī)定的單據得到貨物，這種雙邊保證是信用證獨特的，具有代表性的特征。

Against the impeccable documents presented the seller gets paid, against the stipulated documents the buyer gets the goods.This bilateral security is the unique and characteristic feature of the letter of credit.28、受益人要對信用證的所有內容進行認真審核，以便保證安全及時地收到貨款。

He beneficiary has to make a careful examination of all the con-tents of the credit so as to ensure safe and timely payment.29、國際貿易中所使用的信用證多數為跟單信用證，即要求裝運單據和匯票提示的信用證。Most of the credits used in international trade are documentary credits, i.e.credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft.30、可撤銷信用證是指在未同受益人協(xié)商的情況下對承諾進行改變，甚至取消。An revocable credit is one that its commitments can be altered or even cancelled without consulting with the beneficiary.31、在保兌信用證中受益人得到雙重付款保證，因為保兌銀行，在開證行承擔付款義務的基礎上又加上自己的承諾。

Under a confirmed credit, the beneficiary is given double assurance of payment since the confirming bank has added its own undertaking to that of the opening bank.32、各種單證上所列的商品名稱、數量、金額等項目要嚴格地與信用證上所列的項目一致。All the items listed on different documents such as the name of commodities, quantity, amount

must be in strict conformity with those in the L/C.33、商業(yè)發(fā)票是所要求的最常見的單證之一。它是繕制其他單證的基礎。

Commercial invoice is one of the required and most commonly found documents.It constitutes the basis on which other documents are to be prepared.34、提單是國際貿易中最重要的單證之一。有了它，合法持有者才可以到目的地提貨。Bill of lading is one of the most important documents in foreign trade ,with which the legal holder can take delivery of the goods at the port of destination.35、常見的運輸方式有水路、鐵路、公路、管道及航空運輸。

The widely seen modes of transport are water, rail, roads, pipe-line, and air transport.36、運輸在生產過程中起著重要的作用。一方面，它將原材料、勞動力運到所需的地方。另一方面，將中間產品運到其他廠商供生產使用或把制成品運到消費者手中。

Transportation plays an important role in production.On the one hand ,it carries raw materials and labor to the place where they are needed.On the other hand, it transports intermediate products to other producers for use in their production process, or ship the finished goods to the hands of customers.37、保險單是投保人與承保人之間的保險契約。一旦投保人購買了保單，其特定風險就從投保人轉移到承保人。

Insurance policy serves as the insurance contract between the insured and the insurer.Once the insured buys the policy, the specified risk will transfer to the insurance company from the insured.38、由承保人從投保人處收集的保險費作為共同基金，受損方的索賠費從此基金中支付。The premium collected by the insurer from the insured is pooled together as a fund, and the claims of those suffering losses are paid out of this fund.39、貨物保險是一種旨在將風險從進口商和出口商轉移到專門承擔風險的保險一方的活動。Cargo insurance is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exporters and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriter.40、最大誠信原則適用于各種保險，如某人要投保人壽險，他要如實告知其身體狀況。Utmost good faith applies to all kind of insurance.If a person wants to insure against life insurance, he has to tell the insurance company about his real state of health.41、如果投保人有意隱瞞任何事情，或故意誤導，其行為都被視為欺詐，因此保險合同無效。If the insured intends to hide or mislead anything, which will be regarded as fraud, the contract is voidable.42、在賠償保險索賠時，憑借保險合同，保險公司將使受損人的利益恢復到發(fā)生損害前的同等狀況。

In compensating claims, insurance company will restore the in-sured to the position he our she was in before a loss occurred.43、第一次民界大戰(zhàn)之前，金本位制建立了固定匯率制，每個國家通過將本國貨幣與黃金掛鉤來確定其貨幣的平價。

Before the First World War, the gold standard created a fixed exchange rate system as each country pegged the value of its currency to gold to establish its par value.44、在特定條件下，提高利率可以吸引國外短期資金，提高一國的外匯匯率。

Under specific conditions, high interest rate will attract short-term international fund ,increasing the exchange rate of one’s own currency.45、外匯匯率有三種形式，即：買進匯率、售出匯率和兩者的平均值——中間匯率。

There are three type of foreign exchange price namely: the buying rate, the selliong rate and the average of the previous two—the medial rate.46、國際復興開發(fā)銀行由160個國家政府所共同擁有，其貸款的主要來源是在世界資本市場上的借貸。

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is owned by the governments of 160 countries.It finances its lending operations primarily from its own borrowings in world capital market.47、世界銀行對貸款作了各項規(guī)定。它明確貸款必須以生產力為目的，必須促進發(fā)展中國的經濟增長，同時還要具有償還能力。

The World Bank has set various rules for its loaning operation.It specifies that it must lend only for productive purposes and must stimulate economic growth in the developing countries, and at the same time the loan-receiving countries must be able to repay the loan.48、對外直接投資是國際投資的主要方式，一國居民為進行監(jiān)控和經營通過對外投資獲取各國的資產。

Foreign direct investment is the major form of international in-vestment, whereby residents of one country acquire assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.49、控制成本是一些企業(yè)進行對外投資的主要動機之一。而降低生產成本是考慮的一個重要方面。

Controlling costs is one of the major motivations for some enterprises to engage in FDI.And lowering production costs is an important consideration.50、即時庫存管理系統(tǒng)的引進能最大限度地降低庫存從而提高經營效率。

The introduction of JIT inventory management system can minimize the inventory of the stock so as to increase the efficiency of the operation.51、證券所起著兩個重要作用，它既是長期資本的融資市場，又是各類投資債券的交易市場。The Stock Exchange plays two fundamental roles: one for capital raising market, one for various investment instrument market.52、未上市的公司的股票不能在證交所或其他股票市場公開掛牌交易。

The unlisted companies can not trade their securities through the listing system at the stock exchange or other stock markets.53、關貿總協(xié)定的總目標體現了各成員國的向往，即提高生活水平，提供充分就業(yè)，持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定地增加收入和有效需求，充分利用世界資源擴大生產。

The GATT embodies the expectations of its member countries, that is ,to improve standards of living, full employment ,steady growing volume of real income and effective demand ,the full use of the world’s resources and the expansion of production.54、烏拉圭回合和世界貿易組織的建立改變了世界貿易體系的性質。

The Uruguay Round and the establishment the WTO have shanged the character of the wold trading system.55、盡管關貿總協(xié)定是以無判別待遇為原則的，但欠發(fā)達國家仍指責關貿總協(xié)定是只考慮發(fā)達國家利益的“富人俱樂部”。

Although the GATT is based on the principle of non-differential treatment, the less-developed countries still criticize it as a “rich men club” for the interest of the developed world.56、采用強制性的自動補償措施被看作解決發(fā)展中國家的貿易條件惡化問題的一種方案。The introduction of compulsory and automatic compensatory measures is considered as a solution to solve the problem of deteriorating terms of trade in the developing countries.57、為了促進欠發(fā)達國家的工業(yè)化進程，西方國家應開放他們的制造市場，或提供優(yōu)惠關稅政策。

Western countries should open up their manufacture markets or provide preferential tariffs to facilitate the industrialization process of the less-developed countries.

第二篇：國際商務英語

Course: International Business Spring, 2011

Student Name:(in Chinese)

Student ID:

Case Analysis: Chapter 3, p.52

I.Introduction

Wal—Market is the world largest retailer.It was founded by American retail legend Mr.Sam Walton in Arkansas in 1962.Over forty years later, it has become the world’s largest private employer and retailer, on the top of the Fortune 500 list and has been among the most valuable brands for many years.II.Summary of Key Facts

Slow growth domestically, Wal-Mart entered Mexico in early 1990s with a Mexican partner.Shopping habits were different in Mexico: fresh produce;didn’t buy in large volumes.Wal-Mart adjusted its strategy to meet the local conditions, and became very successful.Next it expanded into Britain, Germany, and South Korea.Consumers there had a preference for higher quality merchandise, and were not attracted to its discount strategy.It pulled out of Germany and South Korea in 2006.Recently, Wal-Mart began to expand in China.Chinese were bargain-hunters and open to the low-price strategy.But it also had to adapt its merchandising and operations strategy to mesh with Chinese culture.III.Analysis of Key Issues

Know what is meant by the culture of a society.Identify the forces that lead to differences in social culture, and the business and economic implications of differences in culture.Understand how differences in social culture influence values in the workplace.Appreciate the economic and business implications of cultural change.IV.Implications

From the this case we candiscovery ,international business is differentfrom domestic business because countries are different.We can find that business success in a variety of country requirescross-culture literacy

第三篇：國際商務英語目錄

一、何謂電子商務

電子商務已成為21世紀人類信息世界的核心，也并成為引人注目的技術和應用焦點。電子商務就其性質和應用的領域來講是個復雜的系統(tǒng)工程，絕不能單純理解為“電子”加“商務”，或者“電子網絡”與“商務”概念的簡單疊加，或者“電子是手段，商業(yè)是目的”。那么，究竟什么是電子商務呢？

不同的學者對于電子商務有不同的定義。Marilyn Greentein 和 Todd M.Feinman將電子商務定義為：電子傳輸媒體（電子通信）在交換中（包括產品和服務買賣）的使用，這些產品或服務需要從一個地方到另一個地方的運輸，其中運輸包括人力運輸和數字運輸。不同的學者對于電子商務有不同的定義。Marilyn Greentein 和 Todd M.Feinman將電子商務定義為：電子傳輸媒體（電子通信）在交換中（包括產品和服務買賣）的使用，這些產品或服務需要從一個地方到另一個地方的運輸，其中運輸包括人力運輸和數字運輸。

Kalakota和Whinston（1997）是從以下幾個角度定義電子商務：

從通信的角度看，電子商務是指通過電話、計算機網絡或者其他電子手段來傳遞信息，產品/服務或者支付。

從商務活動的流程來看，電子商務是指在于將商業(yè)交易及工作流程自動化的技術應用。從服務的角度來看，電子商務是一種用來滿足廠商及消費者的需要，設法降低服務和管理成本，提高產品質量和加快服務速度的工具。

從在線的角度來看，電子商務能夠實現在互聯(lián)網上買賣產品和信息以及其他網上服務。電子商務的概念，可以作廣義和狹義上的研討。狹義上的電子商務，有些人把它稱為“電子商貿”，指通過互聯(lián)網、內部網或增值網，以電子方式進行的各種交易與管理活動。它既包括傳統(tǒng)貿易活動在各環(huán)節(jié)的電子化、網絡化，也包括通過互聯(lián)網創(chuàng)新的商務模式和新業(yè)態(tài)。這些商貿活動，既可以是通過互聯(lián)網買賣產品和提供服務，產品可以是實體化的，如汽車、電視，也可以是數字化的，如新聞、錄像、軟件等基于知識的產品。此外，還可以提供各類服務，如安排旅游、遠程教育等。它實現了交易的無紙化、自動化和高效化。

廣義上的電子商務，包括應用計算機、網絡技術與現代信息通信技術，并按照一定的標準，利用電子化工具 來實現包括電子交易在內的商務和行政作業(yè)等商業(yè)活動的全過程。因此，一方面，電子商務包括通過網絡電子郵件、視頻交換、文件交 換以及EDI所進行的網絡上的商業(yè)數 據交換和通過網絡進行的電子交易，還包括政府職能部門所提供的電子化服務、網絡銀行以及跨企業(yè)共同運作，覆蓋與商務活動有關的所有方面；另一方面，電子商務還包括企業(yè)內部的商務活動，如生產、管理、財務等，也包括企業(yè)間以及企業(yè)與客戶之間的商務活動。它不僅是硬件和軟件的結合，更是把買家、賣家、廠家和合作伙拌在互聯(lián)網、內聯(lián)網等網絡上利用網絡技術與現有的商業(yè)設施結合起來進行運營。

2.Definition of E-Commerce

Even today, some considerable time after the so called ?dot com/Internet revolution?, e-commerce remains a relatively new, emerging and constantly changing area of business management and information technology.E-commerce is a complex systematic project in its nature and application, which can not be simplified as “electron” plus “commerce”, or “electronic network” plus “commerce”, or “electron is the medium and commerce is the aim”.Then what is E-commerce?

Different scholars define e-commerce in different way.Marilyn Greentein and Todd M.Feinman define e-commerce as: The use of electronic transmission mediums(telecommunications)to engage in the exchange, including buying and selling, of products and services requiring transportation, either physically or digitally, from location to location.Kalakota and Whinston(1997)define e-commerce from these perspectives:

From a communications perspective, e-commerce is the delivery of information, products/ services, or payments over telephone lines, computer networks, or any other electronic means.From a business process perspective, e-commerce is the application of technology toward the automation of business transactions and work flow.From a service perspective, e-commerce is a tool that addresses the desire of firms, consum-ers, and management to cut service costs while improving the quality of goods and increasing the speed of service delivery.From an online perspective, e-commerce provides the capability of buying and selling prod-ucts and information on the Internet and other online services.The concept of e-commerce can be discussed in broad sense and narrow sense.EC(Electronic Commerce)in its narrow sense is also sometimes called “electronic trade”.It refers to transactions and management activities conducted the electronic form via the Internet, Intranet or VAN.It includes electronic and net working procedures in traditional trade as well as innovative commerce mode and new state of industry via the Internet.It can provide transactions of products and services via the Internet.Products can be substantial, such as automobiles and televisions.They can also be digital ones, such as knowledge-based products like news, videos, and software and so on.Moreover, it can provide various types of services, such as itinerary, remote education, etc.It has realized the paperless, automatic and effective transactions.EC(Electronic Commerce, e-commerce)in its broad sense refers to the entire business process including electronic transactions and the administrative operation realized by applying electronic tools such as computer, network and modern information communication technology according to certain standards.Therefore, e-commerce, on the one hand, includes the commercial data exchange and on-line electronic transactions via network E-mails, videos, and documents as well as EDI.It also includes the electronic services provided by government departments, cyber-banks and inter-enterprise cooperation.It covers all aspects related to business.On the other hand, it includes the in-enterprise activities such as production, management, finance and so on.It also includes business to business EC and business to customers EC.It is not only the combination of hardware and software, it also enables buyers, sellers, manufacturers, and partners to cooperate

via network technology like Internet and Intranet as well as existing business facilities.不同的學者對于電子商務有不同的定義。Marilyn Greentein 和 Todd M.Feinman將電子商務定義為：電子傳輸媒體（電子通信）在交換中（包括產品和服務買賣）的使用，這些產品或服務需要從一個地方到另一個地方的運輸，其中運輸包括人力運輸和數字運輸。

Kalakota和Whinston（1997）是從以下幾個角度定義電子商務：

從通信的角度看，電子商務是指通過電話、計算機網絡或者其他電子手段來傳遞信息，產品/服務或者支付。

從商務活動的流程來看，電子商務是指在于將商業(yè)交易及工作流程自動化的技術應用。從服務的角度來看，電子商務是一種用來滿足廠商及消費者的需要，設法降低服務和管理成本，提高產品質量和加快服務速度的工具。

從在線的角度來看，電子商務能夠實現在互聯(lián)網上買賣產品和信息以及其他網上服務。電子商務的概念，可以作廣義和狹義上的研討。狹義上的電子商務，有些人把它稱為“電子商貿”，指通過互聯(lián)網、內部網或增值網，以電子方式進行的各種交易與管理活動。它既包括傳統(tǒng)貿易活動在各環(huán)節(jié)的電子化、網絡化，也包括通過互聯(lián)網創(chuàng)新的商務模式和新業(yè)態(tài)。這些商貿活動，既可以是通過互聯(lián)網買賣產品和提供服務，產品可以是實體化的，如汽車、電視，也可以是數字化的，如新聞、錄像、軟件等基于知識的產品。此外，還可以提供各類服務，如安排旅游、遠程教育等。它實現了交易的無紙化、自動化和高效化。

廣義上的電子商務，包括應用計算機、網絡技術與現代信息通信技術，并按照一定的標準，利用電子化工具 來實現包括電子交易在內的商務和行政作業(yè)等商業(yè)活動的全過程。因此，一方面，電子商務包括通過網絡電子郵件、視頻交換、文件交 換以及EDI所進行的網絡上的商業(yè)數 據交換和通過網絡進行的電子交易，還包括政府職能部門所提供的電子化服務、網絡銀行以及跨企業(yè)共同運作，覆蓋與商務活動有關的所有方面；另一方面，電子商務還包括企業(yè)內部的商務活動，如生產、管理、財務等，也包括企業(yè)間以及企業(yè)與客戶之間的商務活動。它不僅是硬件和軟件的結合，更是把買家、賣家、廠家和合作伙拌在互聯(lián)網、內聯(lián)網等網絡上利用網絡技術與現有的商業(yè)設施結合起來進行運營。

為什么選擇電子商務

電子商務解決方案就是在商務運作的各個方面都實施電子格式。許多廣為接受的企業(yè)已經在網上進行了多年的銷售活動。當一個企業(yè)采納了電子商務方案，就能降低運作成本同時

提高贏利。電子商務解決方案使得企業(yè)減少不必要的紙質文件。所有的紙質文件和數據都能被轉換成電子格式。這樣，它就節(jié)省了寶貴的文件架的空間，而且可以在幾秒鐘內搜索并獲得數據。

電子商務也使得銷售過程自動化。顧客可以點擊他們所希望購買得產品，填寫顧客信息，產品將在幾天之內被運送到顧客手中。管理部門不需要填寫任何的紙質文件，因為顧客已經完成此項工作。這樣就大大提高了工作效率。使用電子商務解決方案，企業(yè)可以一天24小時，一周7天地進行商業(yè)運作。全世界任何地方的人只要擁有網絡連接就可以在任何時間訪問網站。他們不會被“正常”傳統(tǒng)的營業(yè)時間所禁錮。一個實體企業(yè)通常只能把他們的服務局限于他所在的地區(qū)。但是通過電子商務解決方案，企業(yè)可以超出此范圍，而拓展到全球的在線市場上。基本上,企業(yè)的市場曝光率就大大地提高了。

促使企業(yè)在其商業(yè)運作中采用電子商務解決方案的理由有許多。其中以下幾點尤為重要：

1.樹立形象

全世界有成百萬的人使用萬維網，這一點絕對不能為任何企業(yè)所忽視。為了成為在線社區(qū)的一部分，一個企業(yè)需要讓自己出現在萬維網上。因為如果它不這么做，它的對手一定會的。

2.加強公眾興趣

一家小公司沒法讓《新聞周刊》報道它地方店鋪的開張典禮，但如果該公司的網頁新穎有趣，那么它的網址也許會被《新聞周刊》刊登。而且即便《新聞周刊》刊登出該企業(yè)新店開張的消息，對于一個在另一個遙遠的城市的讀者也沒有什么意義，除非他們最近會去那個城市。了解網頁信息以后，任何一個能夠上到互聯(lián)網并聽說過他們網頁的人都可能就是他們的潛在訪問者并能成為他們的潛在顧客。

3.極大節(jié)省成本

開展電子商務業(yè)務，而不是傳統(tǒng)公司業(yè)務，啟動費用和營業(yè)間接成本可以大大削減。一開始籌辦傳統(tǒng)公司，你很快就會實現成本迅速增加。單單啟動費用一項，就會消耗數千美元的創(chuàng)業(yè)基金。但是如果你只打算開展網上商店一個方面業(yè)務，所需要的網上店面，包括虛擬主機，域名，設計在內，僅僅需要幾百美元。此外，傳統(tǒng)公司業(yè)務需要支付房租，水電費，保險，總支出每月將達數千美元。而電子商務業(yè)務所必要的維護費用僅僅是申請域名和主機采買，在大多數情況下，支出總額不到500美元。客戶會議可以在當地的咖啡廳，餐廳進行，或根據需要選擇場所，這樣可以免去設立辦公室，而且可以使與會對方并允許對方處在在一個中立的位置，感覺更加輕松。

4.銷售貨物

許多人認為銷售貨物是利用萬維網能做的第一件事。但是企業(yè)應當首先做到上述兩點，然后才開始在互聯(lián)網和萬維網上展開銷售活動。為什么？因為人們在決定購買之前，他們希望了解該企業(yè)及該企業(yè)能為他們做什么？在萬維網上能簡單并低價地進行什么商業(yè)活動？然后他們才有可能成為客戶。

5.獲得所企盼的大眾市場

萬維網用戶可能是企業(yè)可獲得的最廣泛的大眾市場群。他們通常受過大學教育或者正在接受大學教育，工資收入可觀或者即將獲得可觀的收入。難怪網絡社區(qū)的當紅雜志《網路》輕易就接到雷克薩斯和其他高端市場營銷商的青睞。

6.開發(fā)國際市場

一家企業(yè)不可能去了解所有的潛在國際市場上的郵件，電話和法規(guī)體系。有了電子商務方案，它能易如反掌地與國際市場對話，就像和街對面的公司溝通一樣簡單。事實上，在走向網絡之前，企業(yè)應當決定它如何處理即將來臨的國際貿易，因為企業(yè)在網絡上的出現必將

帶來國際機遇，不論該企業(yè)是否有此計劃。

7.創(chuàng)立24小時服務

不是所有的企業(yè)都使用同樣的時間表。商業(yè)活動是世界性的，但辦公時間卻不是。對于一個美國公司，試圖進入亞洲或者歐洲市場會非常麻煩。然而，網頁就可以每天24小時，每周7天為客戶、顧客和合作伙伴提供服務。它可以定制信息來滿足需求并收集重要信息使企業(yè)在競爭中占領優(yōu)勢，甚至可以在開始辦公之前就把信息收集好。

8.快速地變更信息

有時候，還沒等資料印好，信息就變了，留給企業(yè)一堆造價不菲的廢紙。而電子出版物可以根據需要而改變，不用紙張，不用墨水，也不用付任何印刷費用。它甚至可以把網頁附到數據庫里，從而定制網頁的輸出內容。企業(yè)可以根據需要隨時更新數據。這種靈活性是任何打印文件所無法媲美的。

9.允許顧客的反饋

當你分發(fā)宣傳冊、彩頁和小冊子時，它們不一定會帶來收效。沒有銷售額，沒有電話，沒有反饋數據。到底是哪里出錯了呢？在你最終找到答案之前你可以嘗試各種可能。然而你可能沒有時間或者金錢去等到這一天。有了網頁，一個企業(yè)可以得到反饋并不用付出任何額外成本。可以在網頁中設置一個即時的電子郵件回復并在顧客剛有答案時就獲得它們，這樣無需成本即可得到確實的商業(yè)回復。

很顯然，電子商務解決方案可以使企業(yè)在許多方面獲利。實施電子商務解決方案可以產生一個全新的收入流，增加市場曝光率，減少運行成本。許多世界500強企業(yè)都在他們的商務運作中采納了電子商務解決方案。許多著名的實體企業(yè)都開始在網上樹立他們的商業(yè)形象。比如，北美的的頂級零售書商Barnes & Nobles 已經緊隨亞馬遜書店發(fā)布了網站。亞馬遜書店是書籍和音樂網絡銷售的領軍企業(yè)，被譽為當今世界最有效的商業(yè)運作形式之一。

第四篇：國際商務英語總結-

國際商務英語培訓個人總結

我很榮幸能能被集團公司列入千人計劃，七個月的商務英語培訓轉眼即逝，通過這七個月的培訓，我受益匪淺。在這兒不緊把我的英語大幅度的提升，還學習了和中國不同的西方商務禮儀，并結交了集團公司各方面的精英，為我以后在國際上工作奠定了堅實的基礎，同時也能為公司奉獻自己更大的力量！

因為我已經工作好幾年，英語可以說幾乎忘光了。剛來到這兒的時候第一節(jié)課接觸的就是外教，上課間沒有一句漢語，這讓我很難明白外教的教學內容。記得第一次上交流課時，我每說一句英語都要提前查一下單詞并思考一下語句，并且從第一句話開始我已經開始冒汗！所以我需要更加努力，首先我定制了屬于我自己的計劃，上課努力去聽的同時我需要記下生詞，直到能熟練運用。漸漸的我能聽懂外教的課程并且慢慢融入整個課堂！

通過這次英語的培訓總結了以下幾點:

1、學語言是枯燥乏味的，且沒有捷徑。盡管不能否認，好的教材，輔助設備，老師，環(huán)境，以及個人的恒心乃至天分，都對學好外語有一定作用。然而絕不存在一種超越一切普通方法的神招妙術。國內流行過無數的國外英語教材和五花八門的學習方法，然而無不是曇花一現。常識和專家早就告訴我們：學外語和學其他一種技能一樣，只能靠日積月累，無論什么方法都一樣。

2、“成功”與否取決于具體目標。十個學外語的人大概就有十種不同的目地。例如考級，職稱，學分，工作需要，留學，進入外企，上網瀏覽，乃至于看懂產品說明書等等。目的不同，所要投入的時間和精力也大不相同。例如對于一個受過中等以上教育，除了“ABC”之外基本沒有英語基礎的人，看懂簡短的英語的產品說明書也只需半小時。要通過英語六級則需不止幾個半小時甚至幾天。若要達到和自己的母語一樣的水平，能夠在國外進行商務談判，唯一的辦法就是不斷的學習，天天使用。

3、學習的方法和側重點也取決于學習的目標。我感到國內目前流行的英語教學方式太強調聽，說，讀，寫面面俱到的訓練。其實絕大多數英語學習者是沒有或很少有機會“說”和“寫”的。因此這種訓練往往是事倍功半。因為學得再好不用很快就忘記了。對于絕大多數人來說，“聽、說”是唯一有實際效用，也是唯一能夠盡快掌握的技能。通過我堅持不懈的努力，語音標準，能用英語表述流暢，通曉英語的基本語法，并通過后期的FDIC課程，掌握了一定數量的工程英語詞匯。能夠適應集團公司在國外從事國際工程項目建設對外語的需求，具有勝任各項任務的能力。掌握了常用商務信函格式，能夠撰寫各類商務信函，對在不同文化背景下對信函準確內涵的理解。并了解了國際政治、經濟和國際商務知識，世界地緣政治。了解了國外及東道國的地理位置、自然條件、基礎設施狀況、具有在東道國進行國際工程項目組織管理的能力。提高了英語的綜合運用能力，能夠熟練的運用英語解決國際工程建設中的各種商務問題。并了解團隊合作的精神，團隊合作的意義與作用，具有團隊合作的組織與管理能力。

尤為重要的一點，使我們進一步領略了集團公司的“走出去戰(zhàn)略”的發(fā)展理念。如果可以的話，希望自己能夠在國外為公司創(chuàng)造更多的榮譽，灑下更多的汗水，為我們公司的蓬勃發(fā)展獻出點滴的貢獻！讓公司更上一層樓。

耿士超

2016年6月29日

第五篇：國際支付---國際商務英語

Introduction to International Payment

Abstract:With the development of economic globalization, international trade is becoming more and more important.International payment is vital to both the importer and the exporter.The purpose of this paper is to introduce what is international payment, its characters, its development and what’smost essential, its types and how it works.Keywords:international payment, international trade, fund transfer

As we all know, with the development of economic globalization, international trade is becoming more and more important.We can see foreign goods everywhere in our life and use it conveniently.But international trade is far complicated.Purchase and sale of goods and services are carried out beyond national boundaries, which make it rather difficult for the parties concerned in the transaction to get adequate information about each other's financial standing and creditworthiness.Therefore, mutual trust is hard to build.Both the exporter and the importer face risks as there is always the possibility that the other party may not fulfill the contract.And the currency exchange is also a trouble.So it relates to what is international payment and how it works to safeguard the seller and the buyer’s benefits.1、The concept of International Payment

Generally, International payment is an act of paying off one party’s international debt by some payment instruments in international transactions, it is usually performed bytheparty withthe obligation of paying money.In short, it is a means of payment in international trade by parties in different counties.2、the characters of international payment

We can easily find that international payment has some characters:

Firstly, it is caused by the debt and creditor’ rights relationship in international transaction.Secondly, the objects of international payment are the parties of international commercial activities.Thirdly, the payment was made by some tools, usually by currencies and bills.On one hand, because different countries use different currencies, this involves the choice of currency, the exchange of different currencies, and other risk problems by the flexible exchange rate.on the other hand, in order to avoidvarious risks and inconvenience caused by direct delivery of large quantities of money,the use of bills must be considered, associated a series of complex legal issues related to transfer of different countries’ bills.Lastly, there are different means of payment to deal with the problem of security assurance and finance flow, such as remittance, collection, and letter of credit, and international factoring.3、the development of International payment

International payment does not exist from the beginning.It came with commercial import and export, and developed for a long time.with the development of international trade, its scope of application also expanded fast and increasingly.Before the period of liberal capitalism, people often used cash payment by conveying gold or silver between countries for international transaction, which is not only risky but also inconvenient.what’s more, those gold and silver should be carefully identified and counted.So it is only fit for small trading volume.In the 16th and 17th century, bills were widely used for payment in some European commercial city and took the place of cash.It make the payment very quick, easy, and save cash and expense of circulation.So it promoted the further development of international trade.At the end of nineteenth Century the beginning of the twentieth Century, in international transaction the buyer voucher payment ,which called for the bank to finance exporter by mortgaging the bill documents ,was completely mature.Since the Second World War, with the development of modern technology as well as the improvement of international treaties and practice, the international payment adapted to the highly developed world economy needs and became more and more fast, convenient and important.4.the types of international payment

There are two kinds of international payment: direct and indirect payment.Direct payment is the way that the two parties of international transition work with the bank, such as remittance, collection, and letter of credit.On the other hand, indirect payment refers to that besides the parties and the bank, there are other subjects attended to the payment.In practice, the latter way, namely international factoring, is more popular.(1)Remittance

Remittance is an act of payment that the remitter hand off the finance to the bank, and then the bank deliver it to the payee according to the remittance instruction.whether to pay or not depends on the importer(buyer)or a service recipient, the payment is not guaranteed.So it is risky to both two parties.Actually, unless both parties have a close relationship or it is a small amount of payment, remittance is rarely used.In international payment, remittance refers to direct payment between the importer and exporter.It can be divided into three types: Mail Transfer, Telegraphic Transfer and Demand Transfer.A.Mail Transfer, M/T

M/T is a method of payment that the remitter submits the finance to the local remitting bank, then the bank should issue a payment proxy and sent it to the local paying bank of the payee by post office.The cost of M/T is low, but speed is very slow.B.Telegraphic Transfer，T/T

Remittance by cable or telex is called telegraphic transfer.That is, the

remitting bank, at the request of the remitter ,transfers funds by means of cable or telex message to the paying bank, asking the latter to pay a certain sum of money to the beneficiary.T/T is faster and safer than M/T, but the cost is much higher.It is often chosen by traders, especially when the remitted amount is large and the transfer of funds is subject to a time limit.C.Demand Transfer，D/T

The remitting bank, at the request of the remitter, draws a bill of exchange on the paying bank, ordering the latter to pay on demand a certain sum of money to the beneficiary who will also be the payee of the draft.What is different from M/T and T/T is that in the D/T, the remitter submits the receipt of the draft to the payee and the instrument between the remitting bank and the paying bank is made by the bill of exchange.The bill is a bank draft.The advantage of the settlement is the transfer of the bill of exchange.(2)Collection

Collection means the handling of documents by banks in accordance with instructions received to obtain payment and/or acceptance for exporter and deliver documents against payments and/or against acceptance.The documents includes both financial documents and commercial documents.Financial documents are bills of exchange, promissory notes and cheques;commercial documents are invoices transport documents, title documents and other similar documents.According to whether commercial documents are attached to financial documents when submitted to the remitting bank, collection can be divided into clean collection and documentary collection.A.clean collection

It is the collection on financial instruments alone without being accompanied by commercial document.Shipping documents will be forwarded by the exporter directly to the importer.When a credit instrument is accompanied by a non-shipping document such as voice, the collection will also be considered as clean one.It is often used to collect incidental expenses occurred in a transaction such as freight, insurance premium, commission or any other supplementary charges.On the other occasions, clean collection is used in the collection of down-payment or in the case of service transaction where are no shipping documents available.B.documentary collection

Documentary collection is the collection on financial instruments being accompanied by commercial documents or the collection on shipping documents without financial documents.When financial instruments are not included, the stamp duty can be avoid and the invoice can do the job of financial documents by indicating clearly the amount to be collected.It can be further divided into documents against payment and documents against acceptance.The division is based on different conditions against which

the documents are released to the importer.The former means that the collecting bank may release the documents against payment of the sight drafts or simply against sight payment of the importer, and the latter means that the collecting bank may release the documents against payment of a time bill.(3)Letter of Credit，L/C

The letter of credit is the bank instrument that assures the person selling merchandise of payment if he makes the agreed-upon shipment.On the other hand, it also assures the buyer that he is not required to pay until the seller ships the goods.It is a catalyst that provides the buyer and the seller with a mutual protection in dealing with each other, and it is based on the credit of the bank to provide funds to the seller.Usually, as long as the exporter submits the bill of payment according to the credit conditions prescribed by the written documents, the bank must pay for it unconditionally, so the seller's funds will get.reliable guarantee.The importer can receive all shipping documents according with credit terms after payment.(4)International Factoring

International factoring is a widely used payment in developed countries.It refer to that when exporting goods on commercial credit, the exporter should transfer the invoice of the account receivable and shipping documentsto the factor after delivery, then the exporter can get a majority of receivable funds.If the importer pay over the due or even not pay for the international trade, the factor should undertake the responsibility because in factoring business, factors shoulder the first payment liability.This is both good to the seller and the buyer, and has developed to an efficient and popular payment.Conclusion:

In a word, International payment is an act of paying off one party’s international debt by some payment instruments in international transactions, it developed from cash payment to bills payment through the bank.There are four types of International payment: remittance, collection, and letter of credit, and international factoring.They are widely used in international transaction nowadays.References:

(1)< International payment >Hinkelman,E.Cshanghai foreign education press2009.1.1

(2)《國際支付與結算》 王益平（編者）肖云南（叢書主編）清華大學出版社 北京交通大學出版社

（3）《國際商務英語——理論與實務》 鄒勇主編 上海財經大學出版社

（4）《國際保理——金融創(chuàng)新及法律實務》 黃斌 著法律出版社.