第一篇：國際商務英語檢索教案

國際商務檢索

I.公司簡介常用表達法：

1.公司介紹中的名詞結構表達

標語口號式的文字在漢語中常常是主謂結構，但英語中則習慣用名詞結構。例如：

（1）質量第一，信譽第一，服務至上，平等互利

Quality Primacy, High Reputation, Service Supremacy, Equality and Mutual Benefit

（2）嚴管理，高品質，講信譽，重服務

Strict Management, Superior Quality, Stressing Reputation and Paying Attention to Service

（3）優(yōu)質高效，客戶滿意

Good Quality, High Efficiency and Client Satisfaction

（4）團結、拼搏、務實、創(chuàng)新、奉獻

Unity, Striving, Hardwork, Creation and Dedication 2.企業(yè)的不同性質

“外資企業(yè)”可譯成：foreign-funded enterprise；“合資企業(yè)”可譯成：joint venture；“合作企業(yè)”可譯成：cooperative enterprise；“獨資企業(yè)”可譯成：wholly foreign-owned enterprise。

3.企業(yè)不同獎項的翻譯

“獲得金獎”可譯成：be awarded the gold prize；“通過ISO9002質量認證”可譯成“pass/gain/obtain/be granted the Certificate of ISO9002 International Quality System”；“最受歡迎產(chǎn)品獎”可譯成“be awarded most welcome goods”；“榮譽企業(yè)”可譯成“honorable enterprise”；“優(yōu)質企業(yè)”可譯成“qualified enterprise”；“一級企業(yè)”可譯成“class A enterprise”。

4.Other expressions about the introduction of a company: 1)be founded/established創(chuàng)建于、成立于 2）be incorporated in 合并于

3）be listed as被列入

4）be located in 位于。坐落于 Be ranked。。which were the top three躋身前三甲 5）have a general assets of、、、annual turnover….and annual trading value….擁有資產(chǎn)總額…年銷量….年貿(mào)易額……

6)manufacture a wide range of

生產(chǎn)一系列的……

II.Some words and expressions : 1.活動資產(chǎn)

2.凈資產(chǎn)

3.生產(chǎn)線 4.重要的企業(yè)

5.跨國公司

6.知識產(chǎn)權 7.全球化

8.合伙企業(yè)

9.從屬于

10.售后服務

11.不動產(chǎn)，財產(chǎn)

12.利潤率

Answers:1.active assets

2.net assets

3.production line 4.leading company

5.transnational corporation

6.intellectual property rights 7.globalization

8.partnership

9.subordinate to 10.after-sales service

11.estate

12.profit margin

III.Some exercises: Translate the following: 1.太原鋼鐵集團有限公司（簡稱太鋼）成立于1943年

Taiyuan Iron and Steel(group)Co,Ltd was established in 1943.2）至2001年底，太鋼資產(chǎn)總額達23.711 億元，鋼年產(chǎn)能力達400萬噸。

By the end of 2001, the total assets of TISCO(Group)is 23.711 Billion Yuan RMB.TISCO has annual steel output capacity of 4 million tons.3.四川長虹電器股份有限公司（Sichuan Changhong Electric Co., Ltd.）總部位于“中國科技城”——四川省綿陽市。

Changhong headquarters are located in Mianyang city, which is known as the “technical city of China”, in Sichuan Province.4）泰山電器有限公司位列中國企業(yè)500強第121位。

Taishan Electric Co., Ltd.was listed as the 121st of top 500 enterprises in China.5）王氏集團是由家電、信息、通訊三大領域組成的現(xiàn)代企業(yè)集團。Wang Group, as a modernized corporation, is now involved in three fields，household electrical appliances, information and communication

B．完成下面的公司介紹，并談談英文公司介紹的特點。

中國冶金進出口上海公司是國營專業(yè)外貿(mào)企業(yè)，經(jīng)上海市工商管理部門注冊登記，工貿(mào)一體、技貿(mào)結合，具有法人地位。

Being a legal________________registered with Shanghai Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce, China Metallurgical Import & Export Shanghai Company(CMIESC)is a state-owned specialized foreign trade enterprise.It practices_____________of_____________ with trade and of ____________________ with trade.Answers,entity,integration/.intdustry/technology

Iv.如何介紹公司、關于成立時間與綜觀性概括

主要介紹創(chuàng)立時間，行業(yè)地位，企業(yè)定位等 例如：

Founded in 1837,Procter&Gamble is one of the largest consumer products companies in the world.譯文：

寶潔公司始創(chuàng)于1837年，是世界上最大的日用消費品公司之一。

二、實力證明資料

通常用列舉一系列的數(shù)據(jù)來提高聲勢，如經(jīng)過權威認定的公司排名，營銷業(yè)績，客戶數(shù)量等。例如：

A fortune 100 company with global presence and impact, Motorola had sales of US 35.3billion in 2005.譯文：

摩托羅拉是世界財富百強企業(yè)之一，擁有全球性的業(yè)務和影響力，2005年的銷售額為353億美元。

三、主打產(chǎn)品信息

有助于客戶加深對企業(yè)的了解，并推介新產(chǎn)品。

例如：With global headquarters in Detroit, GM manufactures its cars and trucks in 33 countries.In 2005, 9.17 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under the following brands: Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, GM Daewoo, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saab, Saturn and Vauxhall.譯文：

摩托羅拉公司一直是全球電子通訊領域研發(fā)的領導者。摩托羅拉在中國的研發(fā)投資達6億美元，在北京，天津，上海，成都和杭州等6個城市建立了17個研發(fā)中心和實驗室，研發(fā)人員約3000人。

四、研發(fā)和創(chuàng)新信息

例如：Motorola has been a global leader in innovation in telecommunications.In China, Motorola has invested US 600 million in R&D centers and labs in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Nanjing, Chengdu and Hangzhou.The number of R&D is about 3,000 now.譯文：

摩托羅拉公司一直是全球電子通訊領域研發(fā)的領導者。摩托羅拉在中國的研發(fā)投資達6億美元，在北京，天津，上海，成都和杭州等6個城市建立了17個研發(fā)中心和實驗室，研發(fā)人員約3000人。

五、社會公益活動記錄

例如：In China, Unilever sponsored 9 hope schools and launched the “Unilever Hope 3 Star” project in universities, helping 200 poor students for the 4-year college tuition.··· 譯文：

聯(lián)合利華在中國資助建立了9所希望小學；在高校開展“聯(lián)合利華希望之星”項目，為200個貧困學生提供4年的大學學費；····

六、企業(yè)標語或口號

12.The core of Haier’s development is “Creativity, Speed and SBU（Strategic Business Unit）”.海爾集團的發(fā)展主題是：速度、創(chuàng)新以及（戰(zhàn)略事業(yè)單位）。例如： Touching Lives, Improving Life.譯文：

親近生活，美化生活。例如：

The miracles of Science 譯文：

創(chuàng)造科學奇跡

第二篇：國際商務英語

Course: International Business Spring, 2011

Student Name:(in Chinese)

Student ID:

Case Analysis: Chapter 3, p.52

I.Introduction

Wal—Market is the world largest retailer.It was founded by American retail legend Mr.Sam Walton in Arkansas in 1962.Over forty years later, it has become the world’s largest private employer and retailer, on the top of the Fortune 500 list and has been among the most valuable brands for many years.II.Summary of Key Facts

Slow growth domestically, Wal-Mart entered Mexico in early 1990s with a Mexican partner.Shopping habits were different in Mexico: fresh produce;didn’t buy in large volumes.Wal-Mart adjusted its strategy to meet the local conditions, and became very successful.Next it expanded into Britain, Germany, and South Korea.Consumers there had a preference for higher quality merchandise, and were not attracted to its discount strategy.It pulled out of Germany and South Korea in 2006.Recently, Wal-Mart began to expand in China.Chinese were bargain-hunters and open to the low-price strategy.But it also had to adapt its merchandising and operations strategy to mesh with Chinese culture.III.Analysis of Key Issues

Know what is meant by the culture of a society.Identify the forces that lead to differences in social culture, and the business and economic implications of differences in culture.Understand how differences in social culture influence values in the workplace.Appreciate the economic and business implications of cultural change.IV.Implications

From the this case we candiscovery ,international business is differentfrom domestic business because countries are different.We can find that business success in a variety of country requirescross-culture literacy

第三篇：國際商務英語總結-

國際商務英語培訓個人總結

我很榮幸能能被集團公司列入千人計劃，七個月的商務英語培訓轉眼即逝，通過這七個月的培訓，我受益匪淺。在這兒不緊把我的英語大幅度的提升，還學習了和中國不同的西方商務禮儀，并結交了集團公司各方面的精英，為我以后在國際上工作奠定了堅實的基礎，同時也能為公司奉獻自己更大的力量！

因為我已經(jīng)工作好幾年，英語可以說幾乎忘光了。剛來到這兒的時候第一節(jié)課接觸的就是外教，上課間沒有一句漢語，這讓我很難明白外教的教學內(nèi)容。記得第一次上交流課時，我每說一句英語都要提前查一下單詞并思考一下語句，并且從第一句話開始我已經(jīng)開始冒汗！所以我需要更加努力，首先我定制了屬于我自己的計劃，上課努力去聽的同時我需要記下生詞，直到能熟練運用。漸漸的我能聽懂外教的課程并且慢慢融入整個課堂！

通過這次英語的培訓總結了以下幾點:

1、學語言是枯燥乏味的，且沒有捷徑。盡管不能否認，好的教材，輔助設備，老師，環(huán)境，以及個人的恒心乃至天分，都對學好外語有一定作用。然而絕不存在一種超越一切普通方法的神招妙術。國內(nèi)流行過無數(shù)的國外英語教材和五花八門的學習方法，然而無不是曇花一現(xiàn)。常識和專家早就告訴我們：學外語和學其他一種技能一樣，只能靠日積月累，無論什么方法都一樣。

2、“成功”與否取決于具體目標。十個學外語的人大概就有十種不同的目地。例如考級，職稱，學分，工作需要，留學，進入外企，上網(wǎng)瀏覽，乃至于看懂產(chǎn)品說明書等等。目的不同，所要投入的時間和精力也大不相同。例如對于一個受過中等以上教育，除了“ABC”之外基本沒有英語基礎的人，看懂簡短的英語的產(chǎn)品說明書也只需半小時。要通過英語六級則需不止幾個半小時甚至幾天。若要達到和自己的母語一樣的水平，能夠在國外進行商務談判，唯一的辦法就是不斷的學習，天天使用。

3、學習的方法和側重點也取決于學習的目標。我感到國內(nèi)目前流行的英語教學方式太強調聽，說，讀，寫面面俱到的訓練。其實絕大多數(shù)英語學習者是沒有或很少有機會“說”和“寫”的。因此這種訓練往往是事倍功半。因為學得再好不用很快就忘記了。對于絕大多數(shù)人來說，“聽、說”是唯一有實際效用，也是唯一能夠盡快掌握的技能。通過我堅持不懈的努力，語音標準，能用英語表述流暢，通曉英語的基本語法，并通過后期的FDIC課程，掌握了一定數(shù)量的工程英語詞匯。能夠適應集團公司在國外從事國際工程項目建設對外語的需求，具有勝任各項任務的能力。掌握了常用商務信函格式，能夠撰寫各類商務信函，對在不同文化背景下對信函準確內(nèi)涵的理解。并了解了國際政治、經(jīng)濟和國際商務知識，世界地緣政治。了解了國外及東道國的地理位置、自然條件、基礎設施狀況、具有在東道國進行國際工程項目組織管理的能力。提高了英語的綜合運用能力，能夠熟練的運用英語解決國際工程建設中的各種商務問題。并了解團隊合作的精神，團隊合作的意義與作用，具有團隊合作的組織與管理能力。

尤為重要的一點，使我們進一步領略了集團公司的“走出去戰(zhàn)略”的發(fā)展理念。如果可以的話，希望自己能夠在國外為公司創(chuàng)造更多的榮譽，灑下更多的汗水，為我們公司的蓬勃發(fā)展獻出點滴的貢獻！讓公司更上一層樓。

耿士超

2016年6月29日

第四篇：國際支付---國際商務英語

Introduction to International Payment

Abstract:With the development of economic globalization, international trade is becoming more and more important.International payment is vital to both the importer and the exporter.The purpose of this paper is to introduce what is international payment, its characters, its development and what’smost essential, its types and how it works.Keywords:international payment, international trade, fund transfer

As we all know, with the development of economic globalization, international trade is becoming more and more important.We can see foreign goods everywhere in our life and use it conveniently.But international trade is far complicated.Purchase and sale of goods and services are carried out beyond national boundaries, which make it rather difficult for the parties concerned in the transaction to get adequate information about each other's financial standing and creditworthiness.Therefore, mutual trust is hard to build.Both the exporter and the importer face risks as there is always the possibility that the other party may not fulfill the contract.And the currency exchange is also a trouble.So it relates to what is international payment and how it works to safeguard the seller and the buyer’s benefits.1、The concept of International Payment

Generally, International payment is an act of paying off one party’s international debt by some payment instruments in international transactions, it is usually performed bytheparty withthe obligation of paying money.In short, it is a means of payment in international trade by parties in different counties.2、the characters of international payment

We can easily find that international payment has some characters:

Firstly, it is caused by the debt and creditor’ rights relationship in international transaction.Secondly, the objects of international payment are the parties of international commercial activities.Thirdly, the payment was made by some tools, usually by currencies and bills.On one hand, because different countries use different currencies, this involves the choice of currency, the exchange of different currencies, and other risk problems by the flexible exchange rate.on the other hand, in order to avoidvarious risks and inconvenience caused by direct delivery of large quantities of money,the use of bills must be considered, associated a series of complex legal issues related to transfer of different countries’ bills.Lastly, there are different means of payment to deal with the problem of security assurance and finance flow, such as remittance, collection, and letter of credit, and international factoring.3、the development of International payment

International payment does not exist from the beginning.It came with commercial import and export, and developed for a long time.with the development of international trade, its scope of application also expanded fast and increasingly.Before the period of liberal capitalism, people often used cash payment by conveying gold or silver between countries for international transaction, which is not only risky but also inconvenient.what’s more, those gold and silver should be carefully identified and counted.So it is only fit for small trading volume.In the 16th and 17th century, bills were widely used for payment in some European commercial city and took the place of cash.It make the payment very quick, easy, and save cash and expense of circulation.So it promoted the further development of international trade.At the end of nineteenth Century the beginning of the twentieth Century, in international transaction the buyer voucher payment ,which called for the bank to finance exporter by mortgaging the bill documents ,was completely mature.Since the Second World War, with the development of modern technology as well as the improvement of international treaties and practice, the international payment adapted to the highly developed world economy needs and became more and more fast, convenient and important.4.the types of international payment

There are two kinds of international payment: direct and indirect payment.Direct payment is the way that the two parties of international transition work with the bank, such as remittance, collection, and letter of credit.On the other hand, indirect payment refers to that besides the parties and the bank, there are other subjects attended to the payment.In practice, the latter way, namely international factoring, is more popular.(1)Remittance

Remittance is an act of payment that the remitter hand off the finance to the bank, and then the bank deliver it to the payee according to the remittance instruction.whether to pay or not depends on the importer(buyer)or a service recipient, the payment is not guaranteed.So it is risky to both two parties.Actually, unless both parties have a close relationship or it is a small amount of payment, remittance is rarely used.In international payment, remittance refers to direct payment between the importer and exporter.It can be divided into three types: Mail Transfer, Telegraphic Transfer and Demand Transfer.A.Mail Transfer, M/T

M/T is a method of payment that the remitter submits the finance to the local remitting bank, then the bank should issue a payment proxy and sent it to the local paying bank of the payee by post office.The cost of M/T is low, but speed is very slow.B.Telegraphic Transfer，T/T

Remittance by cable or telex is called telegraphic transfer.That is, the

remitting bank, at the request of the remitter ,transfers funds by means of cable or telex message to the paying bank, asking the latter to pay a certain sum of money to the beneficiary.T/T is faster and safer than M/T, but the cost is much higher.It is often chosen by traders, especially when the remitted amount is large and the transfer of funds is subject to a time limit.C.Demand Transfer，D/T

The remitting bank, at the request of the remitter, draws a bill of exchange on the paying bank, ordering the latter to pay on demand a certain sum of money to the beneficiary who will also be the payee of the draft.What is different from M/T and T/T is that in the D/T, the remitter submits the receipt of the draft to the payee and the instrument between the remitting bank and the paying bank is made by the bill of exchange.The bill is a bank draft.The advantage of the settlement is the transfer of the bill of exchange.(2)Collection

Collection means the handling of documents by banks in accordance with instructions received to obtain payment and/or acceptance for exporter and deliver documents against payments and/or against acceptance.The documents includes both financial documents and commercial documents.Financial documents are bills of exchange, promissory notes and cheques;commercial documents are invoices transport documents, title documents and other similar documents.According to whether commercial documents are attached to financial documents when submitted to the remitting bank, collection can be divided into clean collection and documentary collection.A.clean collection

It is the collection on financial instruments alone without being accompanied by commercial document.Shipping documents will be forwarded by the exporter directly to the importer.When a credit instrument is accompanied by a non-shipping document such as voice, the collection will also be considered as clean one.It is often used to collect incidental expenses occurred in a transaction such as freight, insurance premium, commission or any other supplementary charges.On the other occasions, clean collection is used in the collection of down-payment or in the case of service transaction where are no shipping documents available.B.documentary collection

Documentary collection is the collection on financial instruments being accompanied by commercial documents or the collection on shipping documents without financial documents.When financial instruments are not included, the stamp duty can be avoid and the invoice can do the job of financial documents by indicating clearly the amount to be collected.It can be further divided into documents against payment and documents against acceptance.The division is based on different conditions against which

the documents are released to the importer.The former means that the collecting bank may release the documents against payment of the sight drafts or simply against sight payment of the importer, and the latter means that the collecting bank may release the documents against payment of a time bill.(3)Letter of Credit，L/C

The letter of credit is the bank instrument that assures the person selling merchandise of payment if he makes the agreed-upon shipment.On the other hand, it also assures the buyer that he is not required to pay until the seller ships the goods.It is a catalyst that provides the buyer and the seller with a mutual protection in dealing with each other, and it is based on the credit of the bank to provide funds to the seller.Usually, as long as the exporter submits the bill of payment according to the credit conditions prescribed by the written documents, the bank must pay for it unconditionally, so the seller's funds will get.reliable guarantee.The importer can receive all shipping documents according with credit terms after payment.(4)International Factoring

International factoring is a widely used payment in developed countries.It refer to that when exporting goods on commercial credit, the exporter should transfer the invoice of the account receivable and shipping documentsto the factor after delivery, then the exporter can get a majority of receivable funds.If the importer pay over the due or even not pay for the international trade, the factor should undertake the responsibility because in factoring business, factors shoulder the first payment liability.This is both good to the seller and the buyer, and has developed to an efficient and popular payment.Conclusion:

In a word, International payment is an act of paying off one party’s international debt by some payment instruments in international transactions, it developed from cash payment to bills payment through the bank.There are four types of International payment: remittance, collection, and letter of credit, and international factoring.They are widely used in international transaction nowadays.References:

(1)< International payment >Hinkelman,E.Cshanghai foreign education press2009.1.1

(2)《國際支付與結算》 王益平（編者）肖云南（叢書主編）清華大學出版社 北京交通大學出版社

（3）《國際商務英語——理論與實務》 鄒勇主編 上海財經(jīng)大學出版社

（4）《國際保理——金融創(chuàng)新及法律實務》 黃斌 著法律出版社.

第五篇：國際商務英語

21、雖然多數(shù)合同并不引起糾紛，但合同是依法實施的，任何一方當事人若未能履行合同義務，可能會受到起訴并被強制作出賠償。

It is enforceable by law, and any party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make competition, though most contracts do not give rise to disputes.22、雖然易貨貿(mào)易是原始、低效，并且昂貴的貿(mào)易方式，但是發(fā)展中國家巨大的債務以及世界上大量的商品過剩使其不可避免。

Barter trade is a primitive, inefficient expensive way of doing business, but the massive debts of developing countries and the world’s oversupply of goods make it inescapable.23、對銷貿(mào)易可幫助有嚴重債務的國家繼續(xù)進口商品而實際上向債權人掩蓋出口收入。Counter trade may help those nations, with serious debt problems to continue to import goods while ,in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors.24、在國際貿(mào)易中，由于交易當事人很難充分了解彼此的財務信息和信譽狀況，很難建立相互信任。

In international trade, it is very difficult for the parties to get adequate information about each other’s financial standing and credit worthiness, and mutual trust is hard to build.25、如果進口國的政局穩(wěn)定，而且又有出口商信任的代理人，出口商就可以采用寄售方式，待貨賣出后再收回貨款。

If the importing country has a stable political situation and a trusted agent there to work for the exporter, the exporter can enter into consignment transactions and get payment until the goods are sold.26、在付款交單的情況下，進口商在承兌了出口商所開出的匯票后，便可得到單據(jù)，而付款則要晚于這個時間。

In the case of documents against acceptance, the importer will get the documents once the bill of exchange drawn by the ex-porter is accepted, while the payment will not be made until a later date.27、賣方憑提交的正確無誤的單據(jù)得到貨款，買方憑規(guī)定的單據(jù)得到貨物，這種雙邊保證是信用證獨特的，具有代表性的特征。

Against the impeccable documents presented the seller gets paid, against the stipulated documents the buyer gets the goods.This bilateral security is the unique and characteristic feature of the letter of credit.28、受益人要對信用證的所有內(nèi)容進行認真審核，以便保證安全及時地收到貨款。

He beneficiary has to make a careful examination of all the con-tents of the credit so as to ensure safe and timely payment.29、國際貿(mào)易中所使用的信用證多數(shù)為跟單信用證，即要求裝運單據(jù)和匯票提示的信用證。Most of the credits used in international trade are documentary credits, i.e.credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft.30、可撤銷信用證是指在未同受益人協(xié)商的情況下對承諾進行改變，甚至取消。An revocable credit is one that its commitments can be altered or even cancelled without consulting with the beneficiary.31、在保兌信用證中受益人得到雙重付款保證，因為保兌銀行，在開證行承擔付款義務的基礎上又加上自己的承諾。

Under a confirmed credit, the beneficiary is given double assurance of payment since the confirming bank has added its own undertaking to that of the opening bank.32、各種單證上所列的商品名稱、數(shù)量、金額等項目要嚴格地與信用證上所列的項目一致。All the items listed on different documents such as the name of commodities, quantity, amount

must be in strict conformity with those in the L/C.33、商業(yè)發(fā)票是所要求的最常見的單證之一。它是繕制其他單證的基礎。

Commercial invoice is one of the required and most commonly found documents.It constitutes the basis on which other documents are to be prepared.34、提單是國際貿(mào)易中最重要的單證之一。有了它，合法持有者才可以到目的地提貨。Bill of lading is one of the most important documents in foreign trade ,with which the legal holder can take delivery of the goods at the port of destination.35、常見的運輸方式有水路、鐵路、公路、管道及航空運輸。

The widely seen modes of transport are water, rail, roads, pipe-line, and air transport.36、運輸在生產(chǎn)過程中起著重要的作用。一方面，它將原材料、勞動力運到所需的地方。另一方面，將中間產(chǎn)品運到其他廠商供生產(chǎn)使用或把制成品運到消費者手中。

Transportation plays an important role in production.On the one hand ,it carries raw materials and labor to the place where they are needed.On the other hand, it transports intermediate products to other producers for use in their production process, or ship the finished goods to the hands of customers.37、保險單是投保人與承保人之間的保險契約。一旦投保人購買了保單，其特定風險就從投保人轉移到承保人。

Insurance policy serves as the insurance contract between the insured and the insurer.Once the insured buys the policy, the specified risk will transfer to the insurance company from the insured.38、由承保人從投保人處收集的保險費作為共同基金，受損方的索賠費從此基金中支付。The premium collected by the insurer from the insured is pooled together as a fund, and the claims of those suffering losses are paid out of this fund.39、貨物保險是一種旨在將風險從進口商和出口商轉移到專門承擔風險的保險一方的活動。Cargo insurance is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exporters and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriter.40、最大誠信原則適用于各種保險，如某人要投保人壽險，他要如實告知其身體狀況。Utmost good faith applies to all kind of insurance.If a person wants to insure against life insurance, he has to tell the insurance company about his real state of health.41、如果投保人有意隱瞞任何事情，或故意誤導，其行為都被視為欺詐，因此保險合同無效。If the insured intends to hide or mislead anything, which will be regarded as fraud, the contract is voidable.42、在賠償保險索賠時，憑借保險合同，保險公司將使受損人的利益恢復到發(fā)生損害前的同等狀況。

In compensating claims, insurance company will restore the in-sured to the position he our she was in before a loss occurred.43、第一次民界大戰(zhàn)之前，金本位制建立了固定匯率制，每個國家通過將本國貨幣與黃金掛鉤來確定其貨幣的平價。

Before the First World War, the gold standard created a fixed exchange rate system as each country pegged the value of its currency to gold to establish its par value.44、在特定條件下，提高利率可以吸引國外短期資金，提高一國的外匯匯率。

Under specific conditions, high interest rate will attract short-term international fund ,increasing the exchange rate of one’s own currency.45、外匯匯率有三種形式，即：買進匯率、售出匯率和兩者的平均值——中間匯率。

There are three type of foreign exchange price namely: the buying rate, the selliong rate and the average of the previous two—the medial rate.46、國際復興開發(fā)銀行由160個國家政府所共同擁有，其貸款的主要來源是在世界資本市場上的借貸。

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is owned by the governments of 160 countries.It finances its lending operations primarily from its own borrowings in world capital market.47、世界銀行對貸款作了各項規(guī)定。它明確貸款必須以生產(chǎn)力為目的，必須促進發(fā)展中國的經(jīng)濟增長，同時還要具有償還能力。

The World Bank has set various rules for its loaning operation.It specifies that it must lend only for productive purposes and must stimulate economic growth in the developing countries, and at the same time the loan-receiving countries must be able to repay the loan.48、對外直接投資是國際投資的主要方式，一國居民為進行監(jiān)控和經(jīng)營通過對外投資獲取各國的資產(chǎn)。

Foreign direct investment is the major form of international in-vestment, whereby residents of one country acquire assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.49、控制成本是一些企業(yè)進行對外投資的主要動機之一。而降低生產(chǎn)成本是考慮的一個重要方面。

Controlling costs is one of the major motivations for some enterprises to engage in FDI.And lowering production costs is an important consideration.50、即時庫存管理系統(tǒng)的引進能最大限度地降低庫存從而提高經(jīng)營效率。

The introduction of JIT inventory management system can minimize the inventory of the stock so as to increase the efficiency of the operation.51、證券所起著兩個重要作用，它既是長期資本的融資市場，又是各類投資債券的交易市場。The Stock Exchange plays two fundamental roles: one for capital raising market, one for various investment instrument market.52、未上市的公司的股票不能在證交所或其他股票市場公開掛牌交易。

The unlisted companies can not trade their securities through the listing system at the stock exchange or other stock markets.53、關貿(mào)總協(xié)定的總目標體現(xiàn)了各成員國的向往，即提高生活水平，提供充分就業(yè)，持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定地增加收入和有效需求，充分利用世界資源擴大生產(chǎn)。

The GATT embodies the expectations of its member countries, that is ,to improve standards of living, full employment ,steady growing volume of real income and effective demand ,the full use of the world’s resources and the expansion of production.54、烏拉圭回合和世界貿(mào)易組織的建立改變了世界貿(mào)易體系的性質。

The Uruguay Round and the establishment the WTO have shanged the character of the wold trading system.55、盡管關貿(mào)總協(xié)定是以無判別待遇為原則的，但欠發(fā)達國家仍指責關貿(mào)總協(xié)定是只考慮發(fā)達國家利益的“富人俱樂部”。

Although the GATT is based on the principle of non-differential treatment, the less-developed countries still criticize it as a “rich men club” for the interest of the developed world.56、采用強制性的自動補償措施被看作解決發(fā)展中國家的貿(mào)易條件惡化問題的一種方案。The introduction of compulsory and automatic compensatory measures is considered as a solution to solve the problem of deteriorating terms of trade in the developing countries.57、為了促進欠發(fā)達國家的工業(yè)化進程，西方國家應開放他們的制造市場，或提供優(yōu)惠關稅政策。

Western countries should open up their manufacture markets or provide preferential tariffs to facilitate the industrialization process of the less-developed countries.