第一篇：2014年考研日語作文解析—作文出題規律解析

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2014年考研日語作文解析—作文出題規律解析

雖然作文試題要求考生“應能寫出不同類型的文章，包括私人和公務信函、備忘錄、摘要、報告以及議論文、記敘文、說明文等等”，但縱觀歷年的作文考題，不難發現作文試題的出題形式都是議論文、感想文的形式。掌握好作文出題規律，當然就能更好地寫出高分作文。下面，就由明王道為大家分析作文試題的出題規律。

1.作文試題的試題形式

目前作文試題主要有兩種試題形式：

（1）“命題作文”（2005,、2006年、2012述自己的觀點和感想【命題作文可以細分為題目給定（例如：「），題材給定（例如：「いちばん感謝したい人」）和立意給定。（2）“提示作文”（2004年、2007年、20082013，定，基本采用的都是提示作文

2.作文試題的寫作體裁

記敘文、描寫文、說和議論文，但文章（9篇，占

它不同于記述文以輯性。全國碩士研究生統一考試作為高層次的日語水

3.近10年作文試題中，關注社會和校園熱點問題的題材較多，其中社會話題有5篇，分別是防災減災（2004年）、女性如何處理事業與家庭之間的關系（2009年）、垃圾分類（2010）、網絡購物（2011年）、寵物飼養（2013年），占50%；校園話題有3篇，分別是大學畢業后的去向（2006年）、如何處理打工與學習的關系（2008年）、比賽與聲援（2012年），占30%；人生哲理話題有2篇，分別是最想感謝的人（2005年）、如何與人交往（2007年），占20%。

作文測試的難易度與考生對該話題的認知熟悉度呈顯著正相關。也就是說，根據我們熟

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悉的信息給出的作文題目，比根據我們不熟悉的信息給出的作文題目要容易寫一些。認知熟悉度包括對話題的了解程度和對寫作內容的可預測程度。話題越不熟悉，寫作內容的可預測性就越低，寫作時對注意力的要求就越高，考生認知負擔就越重，寫作也會越復雜；反之，對話題越熟悉，認知負擔越輕，寫作任務也就越簡單。從近10年日語作文試題的反饋情況來看，2004年的作文題目“防災減災”認知熟悉度較差，應試者作文平均得分最低，而2009年的作文題目“女性如何處理事業和家庭的關系”認知熟悉度較好，應試者作文平均分最高。這也再次驗證了應試者的認知熟悉度與作文測試難易度之間的關系。

很多同學在臨考前喜歡押題，題了，年的命題規律來看，、看了這些分析，

第二篇：2014年考研日語作文解析—作文寫作常見問題分析

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2014年考研日語作文解析—作文寫作常見問題分析

前面分析了考研日語作文的評分規則和出題規律，這一次，明王道為大家分析一下考生寫作過程中常見的問題。看一看你是否能對的上號呢？查缺補漏，改正自己常犯的錯誤，那么離高分作文就更近了一步。下面，就來看看大家寫作過程中常常出現的5個問題：

1.審題不準確

猶豫考試中時間有限，加之作文是試題的最后一部分，所以經常有考生留給作文寫作的時間不足，結果是匆忙審題，不加思考，占卷面分數四分之一作文寫作部分留出充裕時間。寫作文時應該遵循

2.不會使用接續詞

準確使用接續詞，銜接是作文寫作過程中最容易出現的問題之一。

3.用詞不當

比較容易出現的問題是：（1），應該是“都會生活に憧れる”而不是“”；，應該是“公園を散歩する”而不是“公園で散歩する”。

2）比如“媽媽的個子不太高”，應該說成“母は背があまり”

（國家”，就寫成“”，日語中雖然有“発達”一詞，但是用法與含義與漢語有一定的區別。這句話用日語表達一般表達為“日本は経済力のある國である”。

（4）“文體”混亂

近幾年的作文題目考試對“體”有所要求，要求用“だ?である”體進行寫作。這雖然規避了一些考生擺脫了不知道用什么體寫作的困境，但是需要注意“だ?である”體的表達方式和節句方式，尤其要注意不要將書面體的“だ?である”體和禮貌體的”です?ます”體

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混用，這也是作文寫作中最常出現的錯誤之一。

（5）字跡潦草

作文是最后一題，作文應至少留出30-45分鐘來寫。在寫之前先要列個大綱，把關鍵句想好。這樣再往稿紙上寫，才不會有大的涂改。很多同學沒有這個習慣，直接往稿紙上寫，出現了錯誤就涂涂抹抹，非常影響卷面。還有的同學最后只剩二十分鐘甚至更短的時間，慌亂之余，筆走龍蛇，字都成了草體，這樣的筆跡，自然不會給閱卷老師留下好的影響。因此，空出足夠時間，穩穩當當下筆，也是關鍵。

第三篇：考研英語作文解析

英語強化寫作 背誦句

1.Just as an old Chinese proverb says，...Aspire to inspire until I expire 就像一句中國諺語：生命不息 奮斗不止

2.simple as the picture is，the symbolic meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.盡管圖畫很簡單，寓意卻非常深刻

3.with current state of affarrs so sorry，it is high time that we took effective initiatives to put the situation on hold 情況是如此令人遺憾，是馬上采取措施控制的時候了。

4.It is imperative that corresponding laws and regulations be introduced and enforced to curb and harness this urgent problem.我們必須制定并執行一些法律來解決這個問題 5.在中國，文化交流現象是最明顯的In no country other than China，it has been said that，is the phenomenon of cultural integration more obvious 6.在報紙上有幅圖畫引起了人們廣泛關注.There has been a heated discussion about this picture in the newspaper.7.教育在當下是最重要的.Never in any era of our nation have the stakes involving education been higher than now.關于內容

考研英語寫作常考話題（98-15）

一、成功品質（16創新）：03、04、07、08、12、13、二、社會道德：98、01、05、11、14、三、科技環境：99、00、09、15、四、文化交流：02、06、10、關于形式

分三段

1.二到三句 30—60字 2.四到九句100—200字 3.二到三句 40—60字 關于語言

一、句式正確 復雜多變

五種方法：1.加形容詞 副詞 2.加同位語3.加介詞短語（作狀語）4.加定語5.將兩個句子寫成一個句子 萬能狀語 1.時間狀語：

...in the time of knowledge explosion when news，facts，opinions and even rumors have been bombarding us from every corner of the world.2.地點狀語：，in China，a nation with huge population striving to assert itself after decades solid economic growth.3.be it A or B.無論A或B the road to the victory may not be so long as we expected，but we have no right to count upon this.Be it long or short，rough or smooth，we mean to reach our journey's end.4.狀語結尾

traffic and pollution from vehicles have become huge problems，both in cities and on motor ways 5.狀語開頭（增強句子間銜接）

to do this、to become successful、by doing so、obviously、in many ways、in some cases、Unfortunately、Surely、Specifically、Undeniably（不可否認的是）

二、用詞多樣（P121、P126）動詞

（一）正能量動詞：enhance.promote improve facilitate stimulate upgrade boost enrich generate（提升）reinforce strengthen consolidate hone sharpen intensify（加強）cultivate foster nurture（培養）perform conduct implement（執行）formulate introduce（制定）value treasure cherish（珍惜）harness combat address solve tackle curb（解決）optimise（優化）

（二）負能量動詞

erode 侵蝕 exhaust 耗盡 undermine 破壞jeopardize危害 degrade下降 ruin毀滅 stifle使窒息、扼殺 violate 破壞 spoil 溺愛 breach 破壞友誼

corrupt 破壞 distort 歪曲 aggravate 惡化hinder impede obtruct阻礙 考研英語各段要求 第一段.描述圖畫 第二段.闡釋寓意

第三段.給出評論或例子

第一段第一句的寫法：圖畫描述句KK三部法 目的：1.展示語言能力（完全倒裝、非謂語動詞、獨立主格、定語從句）2.為主題而描述（描述為主題服務）

例子：As is shown above，on the thick pile of papers，proudly stands an old professor，seeming satisfied with his success in academic research，neglectingthe demand of students.As is shown above，in the river dangerously floats a paper boat，symbolizing the moral training，containingsone bread and fruit，which is symbolic of food safety

As is shown above，in the middle of the picture.and on the computer screen stands a so-called famous and influential star，hawking a medicine，boasting its magic function and exaggerating that it can cure all disease，with a caption reading that celebrity endorsement.As is shown above，in the middle of the pucture walks a man，failing to detect water for several times due to lack of adequat effect to dig a deep enough well.As s shown above in the middle of the picture stands a college student，carrying a desk，holding a pen，which symbolizes that he is occupying a seat in the reading room of hisself 第二句的寫法：圖畫影響句（引起人們關注）關注的寫法

1.Reportedly，the great concern among the public has been aroused by this picture.2.The topic illustrated in the picture will make good copy in the newspaper.3.This picture has stimulated a heated discussion on the wechat，the most influential social network，these days.第三句的寫法：圖畫的意義（深刻）P53頁常用末句句式

This picture carries a profound message that demands our devoted attention and instant action.第二段的寫法（展開）：

段落展開的方法：1.科學論據法 2.舉例法 3.虛擬語氣法

科學論據法：

根據一項調查表明...according to a survey......according to one of the latest surveys conducted by a certain international organization.....according to the lastest survey，money spet on the pets in the city if Beijing is as much as 1.73 billion dollars，which can feed all the Japanese in the world for a whole year 錢花費數量

money spend on sth is as much as....money spend on sth has reached as much as...money earned/collected/raised is as much as....舉例法：舉例句型?萬能例子 1.（），for example，（）

2.Our society has been filled with a variety of examples concerning（主題），with the following one being the foremost.3.Among all the touching facts relating to（主題）that I have heard，noticed and experienced，the most impressive one is（例子）

4.Sb（個人信息）tells with his life story that（觀點）

5.Sb/Sth（個人信息）serves as a shining and fitting example

6.Having been brutally imprisoned for 27 years for his unwavering belief in human equailty，Nelson Mandela，a giant and a great hero，one of the most inspiring examples of strong will，who finally transforms his mother nation into an open society，tells with his life story that the fortitude in the face of adversity and the perseverance on your dream，however，whanever and wherever are the golden rules to the success.7.Google，the star Internet company attaining a string of prominent feats with some unrivalled products serves as a shining and fitting example.It is the adventure spirit that helps this firm create enormous value to both its shareholders and the general public.put it the other way around，it is impossible that a Google without the creative spirit can ever achieve these phenomenal deeds.虛擬語氣法（表明觀點）

Were there no sth,sb would not do sth.Were this trend to continue as it is,we would pay the high price,our future generations would not bother to think of excuses for us.希望工程（練習）

1.our society has been failed with a variety of examples.concerning love，with the hope project being the foremost 2.In the west of china exist some families,being so poor that hardly can they support their children's education 3.Pathetic as they are,people from all walks of life provide them with not only financial aids,material support but also mental comfort,which is well known as the Hope project.4.Money raised by the project ,according to the latest surgey,has reached as much as 16.8 billion,which can??

5.Were there no such precious help,those children would never taste the knowledge or receive education and be vulnerable to control and exploitation due to lack of ability to understand other's ideas and to defend their own opinions.第三段的寫法（給出評論）正面話題：

第一句：取其精華（absorb the essence and neglect the drawbacks）

It is imperative that the essence be absorbed and drawbacks be neglected during this process especially in the times of globalization.第二句：提升意識

The general public are supposed to enhance and promote their awareness that ?主題觀點 第三句：多角度考慮

In view of the importance and complexity of such a phenomenon，we must treat it socially，economically and culturally.第四句：展望未來

only in a reasonable，prosperous and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which people can enjoy their life to the uttermost 負面話題

第一句：情況危急（背誦句3）第二句：建議（句群）1.制定法律（背誦句4）

2.專家想辦法：researchers，scholars and experts in the relating areas are expected to work out or optimise up-to-date solutions to this problem 3.提升意識（正面第二句）4.多角度考慮（正面第三句）第三句：展望

with the proper law,prompt proposal,alert public and approriate perspective，it will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes things of the past.p63 第二段的全面展開

the past decade has witnessed a huge development in economy owing to some policy being carried out——the sunshine,bringing the shadow at the same time——the damage to the environment 第一句：論點提出句

萬能論點：主題很重要/很有害 第二句：強調論點句

第三句：公眾態度句（重視/不重視）第四句：強調公眾態度句

第五句：展開（句群）1.科學論據法2.舉例法3.平行展開法 P55 最后一句：結尾句1.虛擬語氣法 2.利弊句型P62 第一句的寫法：

the picture tells us that…… the picture demonstrates that?? the picture does reveals that??

1.this human quality is part and parcel to the social development of our nation and its absence will inevitably inflict great losses on us.2.the environment preservation is in the best interests of the whole society.3.the education plays a pivotal role in individual growth and success 4.they cultural integration has become an indispensable part of our lives and it has been exerting

profound influence on the way we live,work play and learn 5.this great character,doubtless,is the steel that forges the supporting structure of this society,which will not be able to grow steady if this invaluable asset is ever neglected in any possible manner.6.主題has become indispensable to the health of the economy,the stability of the polity and the pursuit of private happiness 7.the picture demonstrates us that,young students tend to find traditional schooling unmotivating or even frustrating 8.the picture reflects that curbin food safety problem with morality education is neither attractive nor productive.第二句的寫法：

1.indeed 2.it is also universally acknowledgeed 3.that…4.just as sb once said 5.furthermore 6.put it mildly 7.put it strong 8.that is to say 9.in other words 第三句寫法 the public the individuals,organizationsandgovernments＋p55重視和不重視的表達P127背誦 P155背誦 P58 背誦

we have been fully informed that smoking may bring various hazards，but we are still lack of sufficient awareness of necessity of banning smoking in public area 語言的進一步提升

1.more than ＋名詞 表示對肯定的強調 this is more than a challenge Internet is more than a form to get information,but an instructive mode of entertainment as well 2.far from being 對否定的強調

this is far from being a challenge 遠不是一個挑戰

china is far from being a leading nation of world economy 3.Contrary to a popular assumption contrary to a common belief,＋觀點

contrary to a common belief,environmental preservation should have priority over economic growth.4.雙重否定的使用

it is not unrealistic that job satisfaction ,a crucial indicator of employees' sense of well-being,can be promoted in any kind of job these days,it is not uncommon that many graduates will elect being a civil servant as their top choice when hunting a job for many clear advantages(e.g.,secured position,stable income or better social welfare)

5.not surprisingly（肯定）,＋結論 6.anything but 否定 nothing but 肯定 7.be 動詞 被替換成被動態

Internet is a form of entertainment.Internet is well received as a form of entertainment Internet has been well received as…… be well considered as be well seen as be well deemed as be well regarded as

Rinascimento（意）Renaissance（英）文藝復興 Leonardo Da Vinci達芬奇 P170 背誦

8.not the least 最高級

Not the least of the factors that make for success in any field of endeavor is……在任何領域中取得成功最重要的因素是…… 9.并列動詞的使用

physical exercise can shield us from damaging effects brought by sedentary life style,and stressful working conditions and prevent us from collapsing in front of a screen every night 10.連接三個以上動詞

do A,doing B and thus doing C 11.not only ……but also……連接動詞

not only will they accumulate their wealth,but they also will fit into the society.12.連接三個以上名詞的方法

not only A,but also B,and such benefits(problems)as C and D 13.in terms of.就什么而言

主題 will give them an advantage in terms of coping with the challenges of student life 14.Admittedly(可承認的)…….Nevertheless（但是）……

Admittedly,as a source of entertainment,advertisements are very popular among children.Nevertheless, they may give young viewers some misleading impression 15.sth is not restricted to ……,but is also evident among.The benefits of being independent are not restricted to improving one's academic performance,but are also evident among promoting one's energy,enthusiasm and charm.16.加強句間的連接

indisputably.undeniable.it is true that.it is apparent that.it is obvious that.it is clear that.Clearly.there is no doubt that.more importantly.in addition.it may be tempting to argue that.admittedly.by that I mean.in fact.it seems that.more precisely.specifically.it is true that.第三段的補充

1.如果題干要求舉例,則必須舉例,可以在第二段也可以在第三段，但是最好在第三段。舉例后可以再加評論，評論可以借用平行展開法語料。舉例可以只舉例不展開。2.沒有要求舉例時也可以舉例，評論也可以借用第二段語料。

numerous cases exist to illustrate this point.take sb for example,for 主題,sb could not have done sth,let alone doing sth take sb for example,(without 主題)×3，how can sb do sth? 3.instances like Steven Jobs, Elon Musk,and Mark Elliot Zuckerberg could be easily multiplied,but these will suffice to show that(intense interest plus persistent effort is primarily essential to the highest success in any sphere of human activity.)(結論)范文:P79 圖畫作文練習網站newscartoon 中國新聞漫畫網。圖表作文的寫作方法：

三段話，第一段 引入：描述圖表

第二段 論述：闡釋原因

第三段 呼應 第一段的寫法：

第一句：描述圖表句

pie chart餅狀圖.bar chart.柱狀圖 line chart.線狀圖 table chart 表格

（一）靜態圖：無時間變化的圖

點出主題＋具體描述

The pie chart shows that there four main causes of farmland becoming degraded in the world today.A makes up 34%.51%stands for B.9% refers to C.6% is defined as D 關注單復數問題 抓住主要部分。

Globally,65%of degradation is caused by too much animal grazing and tree clearance,constituting 35% and 30% respectively.The total…is divided into four parts,with A and B making up _% totally

（二）動態圖:有時間變化的圖

點出主題（變化的）＋具體描述變化

As is shown above,the past decade has witnessed a great change that the private cars are playing the increasingly important role in people's means of transportation.積累上升和下降的表達方式 p68 The graph shows that the percentage of state-owned houses in a big city decreased considerably,dropping from 75% in 1999 to 25% in 2015,while the corresponding figures for private houses increased dramatically,rising from 25% to 75% over the same period.第二句：圖表影響句，完全等同圖畫作文 第三句：圖表意義句，等同圖畫作文

Isolated as the figures seem to be,as a matter of fact,they are connected to one another closely.Why do so many years youngsters elect pursuing master degree as their choice after graduation from the university? 第二段的寫法: 因果句型P61＋列舉原因:1.具體原因具體分析2.借用平行展開法 還可以使用舉例法，科學論據法。第三段的寫法完全等同圖畫作文 應用文（小作文）的寫法

一、考察內容：書信、告示

二、評分的側重點：

1.信息點的覆蓋（仔細閱讀題干要求）

2.語言正確即可，內容完整（100字寫滿，不要犯語法錯誤）3.格式

三、書信的格式

（一）稱呼

Dear sir.Dear madam.Dear sir or madam.Dear friends 如果題干有要求，必須按要求寫

（二）分段：開頭空兩格

（三）署名：按題干要求

告示的格式：P35題目首字母大寫 一段兩段皆可。

四、分類講解 P4七字訣

（一）投訴信和建議信

投訴信：P7 必須背兩三個 P4范文

建議信：可能和歡迎詞一起考P13 注意去信回信區別

（二）道歉信和辭職信

道歉信 P17.辭職信 P19積累萬能理由

（三）求職信和推薦信

推薦人、書、電影、歌（準備相關介紹）

如何夸獎一個人

聰明：Intelligent Ingenious Talent Gifted Have insightful opinions 勤奮：Diligent Industrious Hardworking

性格：Humorous.Amiable.Social Enthusiastic.Ready for help.Cooperative.Team spirit leadership

（四）祝賀信和邀請信

（五）咨詢信和告示

P27最后一段 祝新年快樂湊字數 復習任務：

一、語料的積累

86個平行展開法?筆記句子

每天背三個

二、結構的整理

九月開始寫真題

第四篇：考研數學歷年出題規律歸納總結

凱程考研輔導班，中國最權威的考研輔導機構

考研數學歷年出題規律歸納總結

研數學是考研科目中的重要部分，2018年考生在考研數學復習之前把握好考研數學的出題規律可以有針對性地展開復習，本文整理了考研數學出題的六大規律供2018年考研的同學參考。

一、重視計算

計算能力可以說是現在考研的

第五篇：2013考研大綱解析考研作文怎么復習

2013考研大綱解析考研作文怎么復習

近期考研英語大綱已經發布，大家都知道考研大綱的變化除了增加60個詞匯和刪除了部分詞匯外，還有一個變化就是在寫作方面刪除了寫作A部分的摘要題型。有很多同學很擔心刪了摘要的寫作會不會影響到復習。其實大家大可不必擔心。摘要部分的寫作歷年來考的并不多。而且刪除了摘要的寫作或許對大家來說是一件好事。大家以后的復習就可以專攻應用文了。

關于寫作，大家從歷年考研英語范文就能了解到大致的題型，以話題為主，貼近生活。比如說考研1號《寫作160篇》中的范文，大家可以從其中了解到考研英語作文可能涵蓋的考點。有的同學為了在考場上把作文發揮好，很早以前就下大力氣背了很多范文，結果進了考場卻發現完全無從應用，不知道怎樣寫，寫些什么，不知道如何應用平時背的那些經典例句，結果導致寫作直接敗北。也有的同學自信滿滿，充分相信自己的臨場發揮能力和語言應用能力，到了考場，發現要求寫的文章正好是自己所擅長的，于是大喜過望，在內容上大肆展開，充分發揮了自己豐富的想象力，結果卻偏離了正軌，跑題了，或寫了很多與題干要求不相干的內容，得了不應該得的分數。這兩類同學都是輸在了寫作技巧上。要想應對寫作，光有好的英文基礎還是不夠的，要想拿高分，必須先掌握如下技巧，我在這里就大作文的寫作給大家支支招。

一篇好作文應該是緊扣文章主題，遵循特定的文體格式，選用恰當的語言合理組織文章結構，內容統一、連貫，語法、拼寫、標點正確，用詞恰當。對于考研英語大作文，需要多搜集一下關于社會、生活、個人拼搏與人際關系等方面的敏感題材。英語一的作文題目重視學術、觀念，具有一定的抽象性，英語二的題目重視數據和調查，和現實熱點聯系緊密。同學們要想在考場上知道寫什么，就要在平時多讀各類刊物報紙，關注時事，關注熱點話題，積累素材。有的同學會說，我平時很注意時事的關注，為什么一看到作文題目還是感覺到無從下筆呢？因為在考場上，人的大腦會出現暫時的短路，看到作文題目的一剎那，你需要做的事情是深呼吸一口氣，閉上眼睛，把你看到的作文題目和提示在大腦里迅速過一遍，把所有能和這個話題聯系到的中英文短語或是句子第一時間快速地記在白紙上，不用梳理，這就是你的第一手作文素材。完成了這一步，你的作文基本上不用擔心沒有內容可寫了。

接下來要做的工作就是梳理你的素材。這時候可以充分發揮你以前背過的句式、短語、名人名言和諺語等，把你要寫的內容和這些句式做一下配對。看看什么內容配合什么句式來寫比較恰當。磨刀不誤砍柴工，完成第二步的時候你基本已經胸有成竹了。

第三個步驟當然就是調動一切力量，充分發揮自己的語言功底了。因為考研英語寫作是議論文，所以我們在表述客觀事實的時候要巧用被動語態，巧用各種諺語。如果萬一想不出來合適的諺語，還可以根據諺語的特點進行自行創造。各種平時背過的詞組和固定短語也可以充分調用過來為你的作文增光添彩。

考研英語寫作如果要拿高分的話，考前臨時抱佛腳和光背幾個模版等這樣的做法都是行不通的。寫作是一個人綜合能力的體現，高分考研英語作文要靠平時的積累和練習，所以大家不要怕麻煩，多看些話題類的范文，被一些典型句和經典范文，最主要的就是要聯系寫，堅持寫，這樣作文才真正有可能會提高。