第一篇：高考英語二輪復習 專題一 時態和語態綜合練(二)

時態和語態綜合練(二)

一、單項填空

1．Many newspapers printed the governor’s statement ________ would support a tax cut.A．and he B．was that he

C．which he

D．that he 2．The dictionary is to a student ________ the tool is to a worker.A．which B．that

C．what

D．whatever 3．The US/UK war against Iraq and the suffering ________ caused have become a big concern all over the world.A．what B．which

C．it D．/ 4．It is partly ________ the summer day is longer that everything has a larger time to warm up.A．for

B．that

C．the reason

D．because 5．Through English we will be able to communicate ________ part of the world we come from.A．in which B．even if

C．whatever

D．wherever 6．The factory produced many famous cars, none of ________ shipped to foreign countries.A．them B．which

C．it

D．what 7．The manager decided to give the job to ________ he believed had a strong sense of duty.A．whoever B．whomever

C．who

D．those 8．Is it true ________ the rain stops, it will be as hot as in the summer here? A．when B．that when

C．whenever

D．that 9．________ different life today is ________ what it was 30 years ago.A．How；from B．What a；from

C．What；from

D．How；with 10．A computer is so useful a machine ________ we can use everywhere.A．that B．which

C．as

D．what 11．Mother made a promise ________ I passed the College Entrance Examinations she would buy me a mobile phone.A．that B．if that

C．that if

D．that whether 12．Personally I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls，________ 1 to blame.A．is B．that is

C．are

D．who are 13．________ he told us is the news ________ China has got 32 gold medals in the 28th Olympic Games in Athens, ________，of course, made the nations feel very excited.A．What；which；which C．What；that；which

14．Elbert Einstein, for ________ life had once been very hard, was successful later in science.A．whom B．whose

C．which

D．his

B．That；that；which

D．That；that；what 15．Children’s brains can’t develop properly________ they lack protein(蛋白質)．

A．when B．since

C．because D．unless 16．The news ________ is spreading around the airport is ________ a heavy storm is coming.A．what；/ D．that；which 17．Our teacher is always busy preparing lessons until 11 o’clock at night，________ we students have gone to sleep.A．that time B．by which time time 18．—What should we pay more attention to if we go north in winter, Mum? —Nothing much.Take warm clothes ________ the weather is cold.A．as long as B．now that

C．if

D．in case

C．by that time

D．which

B．that；that

C．/；that

19．The media can often help solve problems and draw attention ________ situations ________ help is needed.A．in；that where 20．There were two boys in the lab，________ did the experiment successfully.A．the clever of whom C．the clever of them

二、閱讀理解

Visit Iceland and you’ll enter a whole new region of experience.You’ll discover original nature as you’ve never seen it before, and the equally original people for whom timeless nature, ancient heritage and modern lifestyle coexist in harmony.The

B．the cleverer of whom D．the cleverer of them

B．to；which

C．in；where

D．to； 2 freedom to wander in the city or wilds as you please is the key to the Iceland experience.Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, is just a part of the Icelandic experience with its midnight sun or the magical landscapes mixed with ice and fire.Reykjavik has a population of around 170,000 and offers an interesting mix of cosmopolitan(世界各地的)culture and local village roots.Old accounts say the ancient gods themselves guided Iceland’s first settler to make his home in Reykjavik.He named the place Reykjavik(Steamy Bay)after the geothermal(地熱)steam he saw, which today heats homes and outdoor swimming pools throughout the city, a pollution-free energy source that leaves the air outstandingly fresh, clean and clear.A beautiful river runs through the city limits, and so do fine parks and even wild outdoor areas.In the outskirts(郊區)are places for horse trekking and golf.But against this backcloth of nature, Reykjavik has a packed program of familiar city joys too: art museums, several theaters, an opera house, a symphony orchestra and concerts meeting the needs of the whole spectrum of age and taste.One must for all visitors is dining out on Icelandic specialties, including delicious seafood, ocean-fresh from the morning’s catch, highland lamb and unusual varieties of game.Its purely natural food imaginatively served to delight the most discerning(內行的)of diners.Reykjavik is also famous as one of Europe’s nightspots, where the action on the friendly pub and nightlife scene lasts right through the night.In the evening, the downtown area is filled with activities, reaching its peak on Friday or Saturday.The number of pubs, café，discos, and other night-spots in the downtown area is astonishing.There are a rich variety of places to go: European-style cafés and nightclubs with live entertainment, dance balls for seniors, sports-theme pubs with big TV screens, cafers that offer over 100 types of beer, an Irish pub, a Spanish café and a French wine bar.Walking distances are short downtown, and everything worth seeing outside the city center can be quickly and conveniently reached by bus.With its long, easy-going main streets and large shopping malls, Iceland’s capital is a great place to shop too—with a bonus of tax-free shopping for visitors!Be careful not just for souvenirs(紀念品)(especially woolens and handicrafts)but also for stylish consumer goods and designer labels at competitive prices.A full range of accommodations(住宿)is available in Reykjavik, from international-standard hotels with good conference facilities, through smaller hotels and comfortable guesthouses, to a campsite in the city’s biggest park.1．It can be learned from the passage that Reykjavik ________.A．was named by the ancient gods B．got its name from the visitors C．was named by Iceland’s first settler D．was named after Iceland’s first settler

2．While visiting Iceland, the most enjoyable thing is ________.A．to taste its purely natural food B．to wander freely in the city or the wilds as you please C．to visit the night-spots there D．to do tax-free shopping

3.Which of the following subjects are mentioned in the fifth paragraph? A．Shopping and accommodations.B．Dining and night-spots.C．City joys and backcloth of nature.D．Transportation and landscapes.4．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A．all visitors must dine out while visiting Iceland B．hotel accommodation is so scarce that visitors usually camp in the city’s biggest parks C．people living in Reykjavik seldom get heat from coal D．you have to walk short distance if you want to go sightseeing outside 5．A college student who majors in food and drinks visits Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland probably because________.A．it offers an interesting mix of cosmopolitan culture and local village roots B．its geothermal steam is rich and the air is fresh C．it has a variety of purely natural food and cafés, pubs of foreign style D．it has tax-free malls and international-standard hotels with good conference facilities 答案

一、單項填空

1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．A 16．B 17．B 18．D 19．D 20．B

二、閱讀理解

1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C

第二篇：高考英語時態語態總結

十六種時態

1.一般現在時

用法：A)表示現在發生的動作、情況、狀態和特征。B)習慣用語。

C)經常性、習慣性動作。例：He always helps others.（他總是幫助別人。）

D)客觀事實和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般現在時，則無法保持 主句、從句時態一致。E)表示一個按規定、計劃或安排要發生的動作，（僅限于某些表示“來、去、動、停、開始、結束、繼續”等動詞)可以與表示未來時間的狀語搭配使用。常見用法是：飛機、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點運行的交通方式。例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.（下一趟火車今天下午3點開車。）How often does this shuttle bus run?（這班車多久一趟？）

F)在時間和條件狀語從句里經常用一般現在（有時也用現在完成時）表示將來事 情。

例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成這份報告的時候，我就已經等了將近3個小時了。）

2.現在進行時(be doing)用法：現在正在進行的動作。

3.現在完成時(have done)

用法：A)表示動作到現在為止已經完成或剛剛完成。

例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A)didn't sell B)sold C)haven't sold D)would sell答案（C)

B)表示從過去某時刻開始，持續到現在的動作或情況，并且有可能會繼續延續下去。此時經常用延續性動詞。時間狀語常用since加一個過去的時間點，或for 加一段時間，或by加一個現在時間。

例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A)are to challengeB)may be challengedC)have been challengedD)are challenging全句意思是：“雖然牛頓是個偉大的人物，但他的許多見解直到今天還在受到挑戰，并且被現代科學家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物動詞，在本句中應是被動語態；動作延續到今天，所以要用現在完成時態。可見答案是

C)have been challenged。A)are to challenge和D)are challenging都是主動語態，不可能是答案。B)may be challenged雖是被動語態，但意思與全句內容不合，不對。C)表示發生在過去，但對現在仍有影響的動作或情況。通常用點動詞，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。例：John has broken his left leg.約翰摔斷了左腿。注意事項：A)現在完成時是聯系過去和現在的紐帶。現在完成時和過去時的區別在于：現在完成時強調動作的動態，或受動態的影響，是動態的結果，對現在有影響；過去時只表示過去的某個具體時間里發生的動作，與現在沒有聯系。例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾經在那家醫院工作了8年。這只是講述一個過去的事實，他現在已經不在那家醫院了。）He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已經在那家醫院里工作了8年。表示他從過去開始工作，一直工作到現在，現在仍在那家醫院工作。）

B)因為含有for加一段時間或since加一個時間點這樣的時間狀語的完成時，有動態和延續性的特點，所以不能使用終端動詞或瞬間動詞。例：My sister has married.Don't disturb her.（終端動詞）My sister has been married for 5 years.（過去分詞做表語表示狀態，可以延續）

C)在“this is the first/ second/ third?? time that??”句型里要求用完成時。

例：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.（這是我公司產品第二次參加國際展覽會。）

D)句型“It is/ has been??since”所使用的兩種時態都正確。

例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（從我上次見到他以來已經10年了。）

E)在“no sooner than”、“hardly/ scarcely ??when”、“before”、“prior to”等句型中，主句要求完成時。例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.（以前我從未見過那位教授。）

4.現在完成進行時(have been doing)

用法：表示某一動作開始于過去某一時間，延續或重復地出現至今，或將繼續延續至將來。

例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.（到目前為止，我們一直在處理那個項目，已經花了一個多月時間了。）注意事項：與現在完成時相比，現在完成進行時更強調：在從過去到現在的時間里，動作或狀態一直持續或一直反復出現。

例：（1997年6月四級第45 題）It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time.We'll have to take

the machine apart to put it right.A)had leakedB)is leakingC)leakedD)has been leaking

從本題上下文看，這兩個句子的意思是：“看來，這個管道漏油已有一段時間了，我們將不得不拆卸機器排除故障。”第二句表示將要采取的措施。第一句動作發生在第二句之前，并且延續到現在為止仍在繼續。因此，空格中需用現在完成時或現在完成進行時。D)has been leaking是現在完成進行時，因此是本題的答案。有11%的考生誤選了B)is leaking。由于本句有時間狀語for some time，表示謂語動作延續，謂語不能用現在進行時，必須用和完成時有關的時態。有些考生誤選了C)leaked或A)had leaked。是因為他們沒有注意到本題第二句是一般將來時，所以第一句的謂語不能用過去時或過去完成時。

5.一般過去時

用法：A)表示過去某個時間發生的動作或情況。

B)表示過去習慣性動作。特別是由would/ used to do表達的句型，本身表示的 就是過去時。

例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人過去常常坐在寧靜的公園里的一條長椅上，看著其他的人，一坐就是數個小時，什么也不干，也不和任何人交談。）

He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。）

C)有時可代替一般現在時，表達一種婉轉、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。

例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借車用一用，可以嗎？）

Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在這里嗎？）

注意事項： A)注意時間狀語的搭配。一般過去時的時間狀語應該是表示過去某個時間的詞或詞組，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，絕對不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用，因為這樣的時間狀語都與現在有關系，應該用現在完成時或一般現在時。

B)used to do的否定形式和疑問形式很特別：你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都對。

Used to do經常與 be used to doing sth/ sth結構進行對比。前者表示“過去常常或過去曾經”，要求加動詞原形；后者表示“習慣于”，要求加名詞或動名詞。

6.過去完成時(had done)

用法：表示在過去的某個時間或動作以前已經發生的動作或已經存在的狀態。就是我們常說的：表示“過去的過去的動作或狀態”。Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.A)didn't hear C)hasn't heard B)hasn't been hearing D)hadn't heard

全句的意思是：“到那時為止，他家里已經有六個月沒得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出，謂語動詞的動作延續到過去的某一時刻才完成，因此謂語要用過去完成時。答案是D)。其它選項中：A)didn't hear，因為一般過去時只表示過去發生的事情或存在的狀態，所以不能與時間狀語for six months連用。B)hasn't been hearing，現在完成進行時表示過去某時刻繼續到現在或現在還在進行的動作，與題意不符。C)hasn't heard，現在完成時表示從過去某一時刻到現在為止發生的動作。而題中的then只表示過去的某一時刻，不能表示現在時間。注意事項：“過去的過去”這種邏輯關系常通過上下文體現出來，而不一定受某個時間狀語的限制。

例：There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.（剛才有人在我們的房間里，因為我們打開前門進來時，我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃燒的香煙。）分析：雖然時間狀語是just now，似乎應該使用一般過去時，但是“在房間里”這個狀態是在“開門”和“注意”這兩個過去的動作之前就存在的，所以應該用過去完成時。

7.過去將來時(would/ should do)

用法：表示從過去的某個時間看將要發生的事。

例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.（我星期四說我將于第二天拜訪我的朋友。）事項：由于過去將來時是由過去時和將來時組合而成的，所以其注意事項可以參考過去時和將來時的相關注意事項。

8.過去進行時(was/ were doing)

用法：A)表示在過去一個比較具體的時間正在發生的動作。

例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.（10分鐘前，瑪麗正在聽輕音樂。）

B)如果when, while這樣的時間狀語引導詞所引導的主從句之一是一般過去時，則另一個句子常用過去進行時。例：I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.（你敲前門時我正在洗頭發。）注意事項：其它與將來時有關的事項請參見下面所講的一般將來時。

9.一般將來時

用法：A)基本結構是will / shall do。例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我們將送給她一個玻璃的手工制品，作為給她的生日禮物。）

B)有些動詞，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般進行時，并且通常與一個表示將來時間的時間狀語連用，可以表示將來時。

例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我媽媽下周將來看我，并會呆到5月。）

C)表示“打算去??，要??”時，可用be going to do。

例：This is just what I am going to say.（這正是我想說的。）

D)表示“即將、正要”時，可用be about to do。強調近期內或馬上要做的事。

例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.別擔心，我馬上就給你做一次仔細的檢查E)“be to do”的5種用法：

a)表示“按計劃、安排即將發生某事或打算做某事”。

例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你準會在實驗室見到她。）

b)該做或不該做的事情（語氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一種命令、規勸性語氣。例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子們，你們必須 上床睡覺，不準吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內就要到了。）

c)能或不能發生的事情（接近can, may）

例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢？）

d)不可避免將要發生的事情，后來將要發生的事情。

例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible.Have a little patience.A.will be attendedB.will be attended toC.is attendedD.is attended to

will be attended to關鍵的一點是：attend表示“處理，解決”時是不及物動詞，必須與to連用。另外，從上下文看，事情顯然尚未解決，所以應該用將來時的被動語態。答案是B。

e)用于條件從句“如果??想，設想”（接近if ??want to,或if ??should）

例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.A)is to beB)can beC)will beD)has been

答案是A)is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必須作出更大努力來增加農業產量。”F)同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。

例：The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.（教練想要放棄這場比賽了，因為對方已經射進了7個球。）

例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.（我希望到明年你回來的時候，他的身體已經好多了。）

10.將來進行時(will be doing)

用法：強調在將來的某個具體時間正在發生的動作或事情。

例：Don't worry, you won't miss her.She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.（別擔心，你不會認不出她的。她到時會穿一件紅色的T恤衫和一條白色的短裙。）

注意事項：由于本時態是由將來時和進行時融合在一起的，所以關于本時態的注意事項，可參考“一般將來時”和“現在進行時”的有關注意事項。

11.將來完成時(will have done)

用法：表示從將來的某一時間開始、延續到另一個將來時間的動作或狀態，或是發生在某個將來時間，但對其后的另一個將來時間有影響的動作或狀態。就好象把現在完成時平移到時間軸的將來時時段一樣。其用法從和過去及現在有關，變成了和將來及將來的將來有關。

本題考核謂語動詞的時態。全句的意思是：“會議從開始到結束將持續整整一個星期。”句中by the time it ends表示動作要延續到將來某一時刻，因此要用將來完成時。答案是B)will have lasted。如果選A)，因為情態動詞must后面接動詞不定式的完成時形式表示對已經發生的事情的一種肯定推測，而本句的時間狀語是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended，所以犯了時態不呼應的錯誤。Would雖可以表示推測或可能性，但would last不能表示延續到將來某一時刻的動作，所以C)would last錯誤。因為D)has lasted是現在完成時，表示到現在為止已經完成的動作，不能表示延續到將來某一時刻的動作，所以也不正確。

注意事項：由于本時態是由將來時和完成時融合在一起的，所以關于本時態的注意事項，可以參考“一般將來時”和“現在完成時”的有關注意事項。

12)將來完成進行時：（shall have been doing，will have been doing）

例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.（到下個月底為止，這項工程就已經不停地進行了3年了。）（被動語態）

13)過去完成進行時：（had been doing）

例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.（我回到家之前，我10歲大的兒子已經把這個舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了。）（此處強調“拆卸”和“組裝”這兩個過去的過去的動作一直在反復進行。）（被動語態）

14)過去將來進行時：（should be doing , would be doing）

例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.（政府承諾說第二年7月將有一條新的高速公路正在修建。）（此句的時間狀語是具體的將來時間，所以最好用將來進行時。）（被動語態）

15)過去將來完成時：（should have done , would have done）

例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.（我堅信到那年年底為止，那個軟件的新版本將被開發出來。但是我錯了。）（此句為被動語態）

16)過去將來完成進行時：（should have been doing , would have been doing）

例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.（他們說到第二個月底為止，這項工程就已經不停地進行了3年了。）

高中英語被動語態總結

一、被動語態的構成形式

1.被動語態的基本時態變化 被動語態通常為十種時態的被動形式, 被動語態由be＋過去分詞構成，be隨時態的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態的被動語態形式為：

1)am/is/are +done(過去分詞)一般現在時例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2）has /have been done 現在完成時例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3）am/is /are being done 現在進行時例A new cinema is being built here．

4）was/were done 一般過去時 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5）had been done 過去完成時 例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6）was/were being done 過去進行時 例A meeting was being held when I was there.7）shall/will be done 一般將來時 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8）should/would be done 過去將來時 例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9）shall/will have been done 將來完成時（少用）例The project will have been completed before July.10）should/would have been done 過去將來完成時（少用）

2.被動語態的特殊結構形式

1)帶情態動詞的被動結構。其形式為：情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter

2)有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結構時，可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變為主語的是間接賓語。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改為He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3)當“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結構變為被動語態時，將賓語變為被動結構中的主語，其余不動。

Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結構中不定式to要省略，但變為被動結構時，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5)有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞＋介詞”，“動詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動結構，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3.非謂語動詞的被動語態v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被動語態(一般時態和完成時態)。

第三篇：2010高考二輪復習英語教案——專題六 動詞時態和語態

2010高考二輪復習英語教案

專題六 動詞時態和語態

【專題要點】動詞時態和語態要點概述如下：

1.一般現在時表示習慣性、個人能力、普遍真理；表示“已經列入日程表”時常用一般現在時表示將來；

2.表示說話人始料的事，常用一般過去時；

3.進行時與某些頻度副詞連用時，常帶有贊賞、厭煩等感情色彩； 4.時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中常用一般時表將來； 5.will/be going to do/be about to do的用法區別； 6．固定句式中的時態搭配；

7.用主動形式表示被動意義常見的幾種情況；

8.was/were going to do以及had intended/hoped/expected/thought等可表示本打算干某事，實際上未干成；

9.固定句式中的時態：

1）It/This is/was+the+序數詞+time+that-----;It/This is/was+the+形容詞最高級+名詞+-----2）hardly/scarcely----when,no sooner---than結構中when,than前的主句必須用過去完成時時than,when所在的從句用一般過去時；

3）It is(high)time that-----(早)該----結構中，從句謂語動詞必須用過去時，是虛擬語氣的一種； 4）It will be+一段時間+before+從句（從句謂語動詞一般用現在時）It was+一段時間+before+從句（從句謂語動詞一般用過去時）5）It is/has been+一段時間+since從句（從句用一般過去時）It was/had been+一段時間+since從句（從句用一般過去完成時）

【考綱要求】時態與語態一直是熱點，也是廣大考生復習備考的難點。考綱要求考生應該具備較強的語言應用能力，能在具體語境中恰當、準確地使用某一特定時態；熟練掌握常見的8種時態，弄清16種時態，同時還要熟練運用特殊時態句式和用法以及不用被動式但表示被動的動詞和短語。

【教法指引】高考對時態的考查非常靈活且難度較大，不易把握。大部分時態題答案的選擇取決于題干語境；但也有部分時態試題較易把握，其用法相對固定，常見于特定句式結構中；還有部分常見時態用法特殊。綜觀近年來的高考單項填空題,動詞成為考查的熱點,在15個單項選擇中，考查動詞時態的題一般不少于2道，動詞的時態常和語態、主謂一致結合在一起進行考查。教師在指導學生復習備考、答題中，要遵循如下思路： ① 這個動作可能發生在什么時間？題干句中可參照的時間信息有那些？

② 這個動作處于什么時態，是進行中，還是已經結束（完成）？限制或修飾這個動作的狀語信息有哪些？

③ 這個動作與主語的關系，是主動還是被動？

只要全面細致地考慮了這些問題的答案，試題的正確答案也就水落石出了。【知識網絡】

動詞時態與語態

一、動詞時態

（一）一般現在時

一般現在時常以動詞原形表示，但當主語是第三人稱單數時，應用動詞的單數第三人稱形式。一般現在時主要有以下幾種用法：

1、一般現在時表示現在經常發生或習慣性的行為或狀態，常與usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等時間狀語連用。

He always sleeps with the windows open.他總是開著窗子睡覺。

2、一般現在時表示主語的性格、特征、能力等。He works hard.他工作很努力

3、一般現在時表示客觀事實或普遍真理，也用在格言中。The sun rises in the east.太陽從東方升起。

4、在時間、條件、比較等狀語從句中表將來的動作

在由when, if, after, before, as, as soon as, the minute, the next time, in case, though, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, whenever等引導的狀語從句中，常用一般現在時代替將來時，但應注意，主句的謂語動詞必須用一般將來時。The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.如果下雨，排球賽將推遲

5、表示安排或計劃好的將來動作，通常限于表示“運動”的動詞，如：go, come, leave, start等。The train starts at 10 o' clock in the morning.火車在上午10點發車

（二）一般過去時

一般過去時表示過去某個時間發生的動作或狀態，常和表示過去的時間連用，yesterday, last night, in 1990, two days ago等。也表示過去經常或反復發生的動作，常和often, always等表示頻度的時間狀語連用

1、表示過去某個特定時間發生的動作或狀態，常有明確的時間狀語，如yesterday，last night, some years ago，in1890等，以及由when等引導的時間狀語從句。

2、表示過去某一段時間內經常或反復發生的動作常與often，usually，seldom等表示頻度的副詞連用。When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there.我在鄉村里，經常去拜訪那里的朋友。

3、在條件、時間狀語從句中，常用一般過去時代替過去將來時。

They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.他們說如果聽到什么關于他的消息，就通知我們。

4、表示虛擬語氣

這一用法只適用于某些特定的句型，表示現在或將來的非真實、主觀意圖或愿望。If only I had a better memory.要是我的記憶力好一點就好了。

If it rained tomorrow, the match would be put off.要是明天下雨，比賽就會延期舉行。

（三）一般將來時

1、一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如tomorrow, in the future, next year等。一般將來時由“助動詞will/shall+動詞原形”構成。

2、一般將來時的其他表達法（1）“be going to+動詞原形”表將來

①這種結構表示打算、計劃、決定要做的事或肯定要發生的事。They are going to meet outside the school gate.他們打算在校門口見面。

②還可表示說話人根據已有的事實或跡象，認為某事即將發生、肯定會發生或可能出現的情況。I think I'm going to die.我想我要死了。(現在生命垂危)

Look at the cloud.It's going to rain.瞧那烏云，天要下雨了。(烏云密布，使我斷定天要下雨)

③這種結構表示“肯定、預測，注定會”。在這種情況下可以和“think, hope, want, belive, like”等表示靜態的動詞連用。

He failed in the exam;he knew he was going to when he looked at the test paper.他沒考及格，他一看試卷就知道考不及格。The voters aren't going to like him.選民們不會喜歡他的。“be about to+動詞原形”表將來

（2）“be about to+動詞原形”表示打算或據安排即將發生的動作。它不與表示時間的副詞或其他時間狀語連用。The English evening is about to start.英語晚會即將開始。

（3）“be to+動詞原形”表示約定的、計劃中的或按職責、義務要求要發生的動作，這種動作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意見。

There's to be a slide show this afternoon.今天下午要放幻燈。You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.到10點你得交上試卷。（4）用現在進行時來表示將來

現在進行時表示按計劃、安排即將發生的動作，這一結構常用于表示位置轉移的動詞，如come , go , leave, start ,move, arrive等，還有join, play, eat, work, return, take, wear, stay, sleep, meet等。常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。

I'm leaving for Tibet on Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。

When are you going back to your factory? 你什么時候回工廠？（5）一般現在時表示將來

用一般現在時表示根據規定預計要發生、安排或計劃好的將來的動作。這一結構常用于表示位置轉移的動詞，如come, go, leave, start, begin, sail, return, stop, end, open, stay等。The plane starts at 8 o'clock in the morning.飛機上午8點起飛。When does the show begin?展覽什么時候開始？

（四）現在進行時

現在進行時由“助動詞be（is/am/are）+ v-ing”構成。它的用法如下：

1、表示說話人說話時正在進行的動作，它不涉及該動作的發生和結果，譯成漢語“正在”，這一用法常和表示此刻的時間狀語連用，如now, at this time, at present，at the moment等。

2、表示現階段但并非眼下正在進行著的動作，這種動作常與表示一段的時間狀語連用，如these days , this week等。

3、表示將來的動作,表示某個按最近的計劃或安排將要進行的動作，或即將開始或進行的動作。常用的這類詞go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do, dine等，通常要與表示將來的時間狀語連用，以區別此刻正在進行的動作。He is coming to see you tomorrow.他明天要來看你。

4、表達褒貶等感情色彩

和always ,forever, continually, constantly, instantly, continuously等頻度副詞連用，表示經常、反復發生的動作，不強調動作的進行性。表達厭煩、憤怒、抱怨、贊揚等情感。He is constantly leaving his things about.他時常亂丟東西。（表責怪）She is always changing her clothes.她老是換衣服。（表責怪）He is always working hard.他總是學習很用功。（表贊賞）They're forever quarrelling about something.他們老是為某件事爭吵。(不滿)

5、wonder, hope, think 等表示心理的動詞用于進行時可以表示婉轉的語氣 I'm wondering if I may come a little late.我在想我能不能晚來一會兒。

（五）過去進行時

過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某段時間正在進行的動作。構成過去進行時常由“助動詞be的過去時was/were+現在分詞”構成。用法如下：

1、表示過去某一時刻正在或過去某段時間正在進行的動作。動作發生的特定時間常用一個短語或時間狀語從句來表明。

注意：在含有時間狀語從句的復合句中，延續時間較長的動作用過去進行時，另一個動作用一般過去時。如果表示兩個延續動作在過去某一時刻同時進行，而不考慮動作的先后長短，則主句和從句的謂語動詞都用過去進行時。

When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk.我進屋的時候，她正坐在書桌前面。The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework.學生們在看書，而老師在批改他們的家庭作業。

2、用來描寫故事發生的背景

在口語或記敘文中，可以用過去進行時表示的持續動作作為背景，以此引出由一般過去時表示的新動作。

It was a dark night.The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily.A young woman suddenly appeared on the river bank.一個漆黑的夜晚，狂風大作，大雨傾盆，一位年輕的婦女突然出現在河岸上。

3、代替過去將來時

用于come, go ,leave, start, stay, arrive等表位置轉移的動詞，以表示過去將要發生的動作。She asked me whether he was starting the next day.她問我他是否第二天就走

4、表達褒貶等感情色彩

過去進行時也可以和always，constantly，continually，forever等連用，表示說話人的主觀感情，如贊揚、不滿、厭煩等。

He was always trying out new ideas.他總是試驗一些新的設想 He was forever complaining about something.他老是怨這怨那

5、wonder, hope, think，want 等表示心理的動詞用于進行時可以表示婉轉的語氣---Excuse me, sir.Would you do me a favor?--打擾了,先生。你能幫我個忙嗎？

---Of course.What is it?--當然。什么事？

---I was wondering if you could tell me how to fill out this form.--我一直在想你是否能告訴我怎樣填這張表

（六）現在完成時

現在完成時由“助動詞have/has+過去分詞”構成。現在完成時的用法如下：

1、表示發生在過去的動作或存在的狀態到說話時剛剛完成或結束，通常使用不具有延續意義的動詞，arrive, become, begin, break等。這種用法可帶有迄今意義的時間狀語，如up to now, so far, already, not...yet等。也可帶有包括現在時間在內的時間狀語，如now, recently, in the past few years, just等。

I have already posted the photos.我已經把照片寄出了

2、表示從過去某時開始一直延續到現在的動作或狀態，也許還將繼續下去。這種用法通常用于具有延續意義的動詞，如live, stay, work等，并帶有表示時間段的狀語或迄今意義的時間的狀語，如for, since等

They have lived in Beijing since 2002.他們自從2002年以來就住在北京。

注意：表示短暫的動作動詞或狀態動詞不能用于這種用法，如arrive, come, go, leave等。如，不能說：She has come to our school for 2 years.3、表示到現在為止的一段時間內重復發生的動作。常與often, always 等連用 He has been late for class every morning this week.這個星期他每天早晨都遲到。My father has always gone to work by bike.我爸爸一向騎車上班

4、用于時間、條件狀語從句中，表示將來要完成的動作或一個動作先于另一個動作。He will be back before I have finished my work.我完成工作之前他會回來的。

5、用在“It(This)is(will be)the first/second/third…time+ that從句”中

在這種從句中，當主句動詞為is/will be時，that-從句的動詞用現在完成時，that 可以省略。主句中的主語還可用this, this evening等;這種結構中的first也可用其他序數詞；time也可由其他名詞替代

This is the first time I have been here.這是我第一次來這里。It'll be the first time I've spoken in public.這將是我第一次當眾講話。

6、“It(This)is the best(worst, most interesting等)+ 名詞+從句”結構中的從句要求用現在完成時

This is the best film I've ever seen.這是我所看過得最好的一部電影 This is the most interesting novel he has ever written.這是他寫得最好的一部小說。

7、現在完成時可以表示反問的語氣（與when連用）或感情色彩-Who is Jerry Cooper? 杰利?庫珀是誰呀？

-Haven't you met him yet? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.你還沒見過他？我看見你和他在開會時握手了。Now you've done it.你這下可闖禍了。When have I been treated like this?我什么時候吃這一套？

8、現在完成時與一般過去時的區別

現在完成時與一般過去時都表示完成的動作，但現在完成時強調這一動作對現在造成的影響或結果，強調的是現在的情況，所以它不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in1990等。而一般過去時則表示過去的動作或狀態，和現在不發生關系，它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。

I have seen the film.我看過這部電影。（我了解這部電影的內容）

I saw the film last week.我上星期看了這個電影。（只說明上星期看了這個電影，不涉及現在的情況）

He has lived here since 1972.1972年以來他一直住在這里。（他現在還住在這里）He lived here in 1972.1972年他們住在這里。（不涉及到現在是否還住在這里）

9、使用現在完成時應注意的幾點

（1）現在完成時不能和明確表示過去的時間狀語(如yesterday, last week, in 1976, two days ago, just now等)連用，但可以和下列不確定的時間狀語連用，如never, ever, always, yet, already, before, just, lately, so far, recently等

She has already come.她已經來了。I have met him before.我以前曾見過他。

（2）現在完成時還可以和表示從過去某時刻延續到現在(包括現在在內)的時間狀語連用。如today，this year，these days，this morning等

It has been hot this summer.今年夏天一直很熱。(說話時仍是夏天)I have written two letters this morning.今天上午我寫了兩封信。(說話時仍是上午)（3）表示短暫意義的動詞，如open，go，come，die，leave，arrive，begin，return，stop等，不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如要表達“他離開這兒已經3年了”這一意思時，不能說“ He has left here for three years.”而要把其中的動詞換為延續性動詞或用其他表達法。如上句可用下列方式表達: He has been away from here for three years.He left here three years ago.It is three years since he left here.（4）have/has been to表示到過某個地方，而have/has gone to表示已經去了某處。He has been to the Great Wall.他到過長城。(現在他已不在長城)He has gone to the Great Wall.他去長城了。(現在他不在此地)

（七）過去完成時

過去完成時由“助動詞had+過去分詞”構成。用法如下：

1、過去完成時表示過去某一時間或動作以前已經發生或完成了的動作。它表示動作發的時間是“過去的過去”。表示過去某一時間可用by, before等構成的短語，也可用when, before，after，until等引導的從句或通過上下文表示。

When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.當我們到達電影院時，電影已經開始了。

2、表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始，一直延續到過去的這一時間，而且還可能繼續下去的動作，常和for, since構成的短語或引導的從句連用。

3、用于表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件從句或as if從句中表示與過去事實相反

If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.假如他昨天看到你，他就會問你這件事了。

Had I known that you wanted the book , I would have sent it.如果我知道你要這本書，我會送來的。

4、放在像said，told，asked，thought，wondered等過去時動詞的后面，表示在這些動作發生之前已經發生了的事情。

My friend told me that he had passed the exam.我的朋友告訴我，他已通過了考試。

5、用在 “It was the first/second/third…time that…”句型中，that引導的定語從句要用過去完成時。

This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years.這是39年里他們第一次見面。It was the first time we had spoken together.這是我們第一次在一起說話。

6、intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等動詞的過去完成時，表示過去未曾實現的設想、意圖或希望等，含有某種惋惜。

I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.我本來昨天打算要去看你，但我來了個不速之客。

7、過去完成時常用結構有“hardly, scarcely, barely … when, no sooner… than等副詞的句子里。She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang.他剛睡下鈴就響了。

No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.他們剛剛離開大樓，一顆炸彈就爆炸了。

（八）過去將來時

過去將來時一般由 ”助動詞would(第二、三人稱)/should(第一人稱)+動詞原形“構成。不論什么人稱，美國英語皆可用would。用法如下：

1、表示對過去某一時間點而言將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。常用于賓語從句中。I thought they would come to help me.我認為他們會來幫我的。He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.他說他要在車站等我們。

2、表示過去的某種習慣行為

He would sit for hours doing nothing.過去他常常坐幾個鐘頭什么事也不做。He would come to see us on Sundays.過去星期天他經常來看望我們。

3、過去將來時的其它表達法（1）was/were going to ①表示過去的打算和意圖

He was going to start work the following week.他打算下星期開始工作。（打算）②表示沒有實現的打算和意圖

He was going to come last night, but it rained.他打算昨晚來，但下雨了。(沒實現)I thought the film was going to be interesting.我想這部電影會很有趣的。（結果不是）（2）was/were to+動詞原形

這種結構通常指過去的計劃安排或注定要發生的事情。如果計劃的動作沒有實現，要用動詞的完成式。

At that time he did not know that quitting the job was to become the turning point in his life.(注定要發生的事情)那時他不知道辭職將會成為他生活的轉折點。She said she was to take up the position.(表示打算)他說他打算上任。

She said she was to have taken up the position.(計劃但未能實現)他說他本打算上任。（3）was/were about to＋動詞原形

was/were about to＋動詞原形，表示過去即將發生的事。

The meeting was about to be held the following day.會議打算第二天開。

（4）表示位置轉移的動詞(如go，come，leave，start等)的過去進行時，表示按照過去的計劃安排將在過去將來發生的事情。

I didn't know you were coming.我不知道你會來。

（九）其他時態

1、現在完成進行時

現在完成進行時由”助動詞have/has been+-ing形式“構成。用法如下：

（1）現在完成進行時表示過去的動作持續到現在并有可能延續下去的動作。常和for，since引導的時間狀語連用。

They have been living here for 10 years.他們住在這里十年了。（2）表示一個動作從過去某時開始，一直延續到說話時候剛結束。

I have been waiting you for about one hour.我等你大約一個小時了。(說話時”等“的動作剛結束)（3）表示重復（只斷斷續續，而非一直不停）

We've been discussing the matter several times this year.我們今年已數次討論那件事。（4）現在完成時與現在完成進行時的比較

A.現在完成時表示到現在為止已經完成，或者在過去曾經發生過的動作；現在完成時往往表示仍將繼續下去的動作。

I have written an article.我寫了一篇文章。（已完成）

I have been writing an article.我一直在寫一篇文章。（還在寫）

B.當現在完成進行時表示剛剛結束時，現在完成時強調動作的結果，現在完成進行時則強調動作在不久以前持續進行的情景，并帶有感色彩。

Now we have cleaned the room;we can move the things in.現在房子打掃好了，我們可以往里搬東西了。（強調打掃完了的結果）

-You look so tired.What have you been doing?你看起來很累，你干什么了？-I've been playing football.我踢足球了。（強調不久前踢球的情景）

2、將來進行時

將來進行時由”助動詞shall/will+be+v-ing“構成，用法如下:（1）表示將來某一時刻或某段時間正在發生的動作，常與this time tomorrow, at 4 o'clock tomorrow afternoon等時間狀語連用。

I'll be visiting professor Li at 2 this afternoon.今天下午2點我將拜訪李教授。

At this time tomorrow we'll be flying over the Atlantic.明天此時我們正在飛越大西洋的上空。（2）表示一種已經決定或肯定的動作或情況，或表示某動作將在按計劃發生而未完成。

We shall be having a meeting in a minute.我們一會兒就要開會。Will you be seeing Mr.Wang this evening? 今晚你會見王先生嗎？

3、將來完成時

將來完成時表示將來某一時間之前已經完成的動作。將來完成時由”shall /will +have +v-ed“構成。用法如下：

（1）將來完成時表示將來某一時間或動作發生之前已經完成的動作，通常與before或by連用。

By the end of this month , we'll have studied 10 units.到這月末，我們將學完10單元。（2）表示持續到將來某一時間的動作或狀態,這動作或狀態也可能將繼續進行下去。When they move here next month, we'll have lived in the city for 5 years.下月他們搬到這里時，我們已住在該市五年了。

（3）表示對現在或將來可能完成動作的推測

It is seven.He will have got up.現在7點，他可能已經起床了

4、過去完成進行時

過去完成進行時主要表示過去某一時間以前一直在進行的動作。過去完成進行時由”助動詞had+ been+ v-ing“構成。

（1）過去完成進行時表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始并延續到過去這一時間。這一動作可能己經停止也可能還在進行。

She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.她告訴我她己經學習法語5年了。（仍繼續）

She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.她告訴我她己經等我一個鐘頭了。（不再繼續）

（2）表示反復的動作、企圖、情緒、最近的情況

You had been giving me everything.你對我真是有求必應。（感激）

I had been studying the meaning of the poem.我一直在研究這首詩。（我還沒懂）

二、動詞的語態

（一）被動語態構成

被動語態表示句子的主語是動作的承受者，也就是動作的對象，一般說來只有及物動詞才有被動語態。其構成為”be+及物動詞的過去分詞“。助動詞be有人稱、數和時態的變化，其變化規則與be作為連系動詞時完全一樣。含有情態動詞的謂語變化為被動語態時，由”情態動詞（can, may must, have to等）+be +動詞的-ed形式。含有“be going to , be to, used to, be about to”等結構的復合謂語變為被動語態時，其構成為“be going to（be to, used to, be about to）+ be +動詞的-ed形式”構成。

（二）被動語態的適用范圍

1、當我們不知道誰是動作的執行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執行者時。這時不用by短語。

This jacket is made of cotton.這件上衣是棉料的。

2、為了強調動作的承受者時

Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.要求參觀者不可觸摸展品。

3、出于策略、委婉、禮貌等不提出動作的執行者 You are said to be active recently.據說你最近很活躍。常用于如下短語：

It's not known that… ……不得而知

It's said that… 據說…… It's reported that… 據報道……

It's not decided that…尚未決定 It's believed that… 據認為……

It's announced that…據宣布……

（三）主動語態變為被動語態

主動語態變為被動語態要遵循以下原則：主動句中的賓語變為被動結構的主語（如果是人稱代詞，賓格變為主格）；把主動句中的謂語變為被動結構；主動句中的主語變為by介詞短語（如果是人稱代，主格變為賓格），有時介詞短語可省去。

1、含有單個賓語的主動句變為被動句

在一般情況下，將主動句中的賓語變為被動句的主語，動詞變為被動語態，主動句的主語變為by的賓語，但是短語可以不要。

Everyone likes the book.(active voice)大家都喜歡這本書。→The book is liked by everyone.(passive voice)這本書受大家喜歡。

2、含有復合賓語的主動句變為被動句

有些動詞后面可以跟“賓語+補足語”結構，這種結構被稱作復合賓語。含復合賓語的主動結構變為被動結構時，只將主動結構中的賓語變為被動結構中的主語，賓語補足語保留不動，這時它就成了主語補足語。可以充當賓語補足語的有名詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、V-ing和V-ed等。

（1）行為動詞

They advised her to take the medicine.(active voice)他們勸她吃這種藥。→She was advised to take the medicine.(passive voice)她被勸告吃這種藥。（2）感官動詞和使役動詞跟不定式作賓補時

在主動句中，動詞不定式做感官動詞（see, watch, hear等）和使役動詞（make ,have）的賓語補足語，通常省去動詞不定式符號to。但改為被動結構后，要把省略了to再加上。They made him go there alone.他們讓他自己去那里。

→He was made to go there alone.他被迫自己去那里。注意：動詞是let時，其被動結構中不定式仍不帶to。

They let John go.他們讓約翰走。→John was let go.約翰不得不走。

3、含有雙賓語的主動句變為被動句 ①直接賓語是名詞、代詞時

有些動詞（give, tell, buy等）在句中做謂語時可有兩個賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語），又稱雙賓語。含雙賓語的主動結構變為被動結構時，可以將其中一個賓語變為主語，另一個保留不動。一般是將主動結構的間接賓語變為被動結構的主語。當直接賓語變為被動結構的主語時，間接賓語前應加介詞to（有時可以省去）或for。She gave me the book.(active voice)她給了我這本書。→I was given the book.(passive voice)有人送給我一本書 →The book was given to me.(passive voice)。這本書是別人送的。注意：被動句中兩個間接賓語對比時，其前的介詞to不可省略。This apple is given to me, not to you.這個蘋果是給我的，不是給你的。②直接賓語是從句時

如果直接賓語是從句時，一般只能構成以間接賓語為主語的被動句。

Someone told me where the accident had happened.（passive voice）有人告訴我事故是在何處發生的。

→I was told where the accident had happened.(passive voice)我被告知事故在何處發生。

4、帶賓語從句的主動句換為被動句

（1）帶賓語從句的主動句換為被動句時，通常用it作為被動結構的形式主語。We believed that he was ill.我們相信他病了。→It was believed that he was ill.都相信他病了。

（2）帶賓語從句的主動句換為被動句時，可以改為不定式結構

He said the play was very interesting.他說這臺戲劇很有趣。

→The play was said to be very interesting.據說這臺戲劇很有趣。

5、帶有情態動詞或be going to的主動句換為被動句

如果主動句帶有情態動詞或be going to(be about to, be to, used to, have to)等，在變為被動句時，情態動詞或be going to等不變，只是后面的主動詞變為被動語態。He is going to give me a book.他打算給我一本書。→I am going to be given a book.有人打算給我一本書。

We must take measures to stop pollution.我們必須采取措施制止污染。→Measures must be taken to stop pollution.必須采取措施制止污染。

（三）被動結構的時態

被動語態的時態是由be的不同時態+及物動詞的-ed形式來構成的

1、一般現在時

一般現在時的被動結構是由“be的一般現在時（am/is/are）+及物動詞的-ed形式”構成。Football is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球。

2、一般過去式

一般過去式的被動結構是由“be的一般過去式（was/were）+及物動詞的-ed形式” 構成。The building was built in 1559.這座建筑是1559年建成的。

3、一般將來時

一般將來時的被動結構是由“be的一般將來時（shall/will be）+及物動詞的-ed形式” 構成。

More factories will be built in my hometown.我們家鄉會建更多的工廠。

4、現在進行時

現在進行時的被動結構是由“be的現在進行時（am/is/are being）+及物動詞的-ed形式” 構成。

The life of the milu is being studied at present.目前人們正在研究麋鹿的生活習慣。

5、現在完成時

現在完成時的被動語態是由“be的現在進行時（has/have been）+及物動詞的-ed形式” 構成。

All the preparations for the task have been completed and we're ready to start.任務的準備工作業已完成，我么們準備開始。

6、過去進行時

過去進行時的被動語態是由“be的過去進行時（was/were being）+及物動詞的-ed形式” 構成。

When I got there a new road was being built by them.我到那里時，他們正在建一條新路。

7、過去完成時

過去完成時的被動語態是由“be的過去完成時（had been）+及物動詞的-ed形式” 構成。

He asked me how many English words had been learned by that year.他問我到那年我學了多少英語單詞。

8、含有情態動詞或be going to 的被動語態

含有情態動詞的被動結構是由“情態動詞或be going to(be about to, used to, be to, have to等)+be+及物動詞的-ed形式” 構成。This bike can be mended in two hours.兩個小時內可修好該自行車。They have to be given a lot of money.必須給他們很多錢。

9、短語動詞的被動語態

通常只有及物動詞才有被動語態，但有些短語動詞相當于及物動詞，可以有被動語態，但短語動詞是一個不可分隔的整體，變為被動語態時不可去掉構成短語動詞的介詞或副詞。

Have you sent for the doctor?你派人去請醫生了嗎? →Has the doctor been sent for?派人去請醫生了嗎? 注意：主動結構的謂語動詞為“不及物動詞+名詞+介詞”構成的及物的短語動詞時，通常把它看成一個整體。但也可將這類短語動詞本身的名詞用作主語，構成被動語態，尤其是在名詞前有定語修飾時。

Good care must be taken of the babies particularly while they are ill.必須仔細照料這些孩子，尤其是在他們生病時。

You should pay more attention to your pronunciation.你應當注意你的發音。→More attention should be paid to your pronunciation.注意你的發音。

（四）Get型被動語態

被動語態的基本形式是由“be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成的。但在現代英語中大量地出現了由“get+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成的被動語態，這叫get-型被動語態。get-型被動語態中的過去分詞數量有限，通常為單個的動詞或比較簡單的動詞短語。

1、get+及物動詞的過去分詞

get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wound等動詞的-ed形式連用，構成被動語態。這種結構一般指動作的結果而非動作本身，常指“最后終于，突然發生”等意義。

He got wounded in the battle.他在戰斗中受傷了。

The boy got hurt on his way home from work.男孩在回家的路上受傷了。

2、get-型被動語態一般不宜用在含有雙賓語的結構中，也不宜與see, hear, watch, listen to等感官動詞構成被動語態。

The old man was offered a large sum of money.（正）有人給了這位老人一大筆錢。The old man got offered a large sum of money.(誤)

3、get-型被動語態有時有言外之意或具有感情色彩

He got taught a lesson.他被教訓了一頓。（有“活該”之意）

How did the window get closed.窗戶怎么關上了？（有“不該關上’之意）

4、get-型被動語態有時表示開始進入某種狀態，而be+動詞的-ed形式只表示存在的狀態。

She got tired.她感到累了。（有開始感到疲勞的含義）She was tired.(只表示”她累了”)

（五）主動形式表示被動意義

1、既是及物又是不及物的動詞

一些既是及物又是不及物的動詞。如read, write, sell, open, shut, begin, wash, wear, cut, lock, play, pack, strike, split, act, draw, iron, dry, eat heat, clean等；此類動詞常接副詞作狀語（有些可以不加）。

Books of this kind sell well.這本書很暢銷 The door won't shut.門關不上

2、系動詞

系動詞look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear等。此類動詞常接形容詞作表語。

-Do you like the material?你喜歡這塊面料嗎？-Yes, it feels very soft.喜歡，手感不錯。

The dish tastes good.這菜味道不錯。

3、need等詞后面常接主動的-ing分詞形式

need, want, require，stand, take, won't bear, repay, deserve等詞后面常接主動的-ing分詞形式，表示被動意義。在這種情況下，句子的主語在邏輯上是-ing分詞的賓語。Your hair needs cutting.你的頭發需要理。

The room wants cleaning everyday.這個房間需要每天打掃。

The point deserves mentioning.這一點值得提。

The rules take some learning.這規則需要下點功夫學。That won't bear thinking of.那不堪想象。

4、某些表語的形容詞后，用不定式主動表示被動

當動詞不定式作表語形容詞（如形容詞easy, difficult, hard等）的狀語，又與句子的主語構成動賓關系時，動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。This question is difficult to answer.這個問題很那回答。The room is comfortable to live in.這屋子住起來很舒服。

5、某些作賓補的形容詞后，用不定式主動表示被動

當動詞不定式作賓補形容詞（如形容詞easy, difficult, hard等）的狀語，又與句子的賓語構成動賓關系時，動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。

We find the man hard to get along with.我們發現這個人很難相處。I think English easy to learn.我發現英語很好學。

6、不定式作定語

不定式作定語與前面的名詞或代詞有動賓關系時，動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。I have a lot of work to do this week.本周我有很多工作要做。

7、be worth doing結構

在be worth doing結構中，-ing分詞形式表示被動含義。句子的主語在邏輯上是-ing分詞的賓語。

The film is worth seeing.這部電影值得看。

（六）不宜用被動語態的動詞

英語中并非所有動賓結構的句子都能改為被動語態。現將不宜改為被動語態的句子類型舉例說明如下：

1、當have, cost, fit, last, hold等表示狀態的及物動詞作謂語時 Our village has twenty tractors.我們村有20臺拖拉機。The hall can hold 2000 people.這個大廳能盛2000人 The war lasted four years.這場戰爭持續了4年

2、當某些及物動詞（如leave, enter, join,等）的賓語是表示處所、地點或組織時 The students entered the classroom one by one.學生門陸續地進了教室。My brother joined the Party two years ago.我哥哥2年前入了黨。My father left his hometown five years ago.我父親5年前離開了家鄉。

3、當主動句中有表示數量、長度、大小或程度等的詞或詞組作賓語，但此賓語在意義上相當于狀語時

Each stone weighs as much as two and a half tons.每塊石頭重達兩噸半 He ran ten miles without rest.他一氣跑了10英里路

4、當表示行為、方式的賓語在意義上相當于狀語時

He spoke that way his father had spoken just now.他學著他父親剛才的樣子講話

5、當句子的賓語和謂語是一個不可分割的整體時 We Chinese always keep words.我們中國人說話是算數的

6、當句子的賓語是反身代詞時

He can dress himself.他能自己穿衣服。

Help yourself to the dishes.隨便吃菜

7、當句子的賓語為相互代詞時

We learned from and helped each other.我們互相學習互相幫助

For years the three sisters looked after one another.多年來仨姐妹互相照顧

8、當句子的賓語是同源賓語時

The Browns live a happy life.布朗一家過著幸福的生活。

9、當句子的賓語為行為者（主語）身體上某一部分時。

I couldn't believe my eyes when I saw him still alive.看到他還活著，我簡直不相信自己的眼睛。He hurt his foot by jumping over a fence.他跨越柵欄時傷了腳。

10、某些動詞+介詞的慣用詞組也不能變為被動句 The book belongs to me.這本書是我的。

11、當句子的賓語是動名詞或動名詞短語時。He likes studying English.他喜歡學習英語

12、當句子的賓語是動詞不定式或動詞不定式短語時 I wish to go there myself.我想親自去那里一趟

注意：少數以不定式（短語）做賓語的動詞（如agree, feel, decide, think等）可以變為被動句，但不能以不定式（短語）直接做被動句的主語，而要借助it為先行主語，將不定式（短語）置于謂語動詞之后

He has decided to go and study abroad.→It has been decided(by him)to go and study abroad.他已決定出國留學。

第四篇：高考英語系列講座(七)時態語態

高中英語系列講座

（七）動詞時態練習

1.Here ______ the bus!

A.is comingB.comesA.had seenB.see

C.has comeC.saw

D.has been coming D.have seen2.It’s the third time I ______ him this month.3.If you go to the western suburbs of the city, you ______ a lot of new buildings.A.will see

B.have seen

C.see

4.—I have bought an English-Chinese dictionary.— When and where ______ you ______ it?A.do buy

B.did buy

C.have bought5.She showed him the photo she ______ the day before.A.has takenB.tookC.was taking6.While Tom ______, his sister is writing.A.reads

B.has read

C.has been reading7.By the time he was ten, Edison ______ experiments in chemistry.A.had already doneB.already had doneC.was already doing8.I don’t know if it ______ or not tomorrow.A.will snowB.snowsC.has snowed9.He was sixty-eight.In two years he ______ seventy.A.was going to beB.would be

C.had been

10.Tom ______ for more than a week.A.has leftB.has gone awayC.went away11.He said that honesty ______ the key to success.A.was

B.will be

C.is12.She ______ in London till next Monday.A.will have stayedB.has stayedC.is staying

13.We ______ each other since I left Shanghai.A.haven’t seenB.hadn’t seenC.didn’t see

14.I’ll return the book to the libraryas soon as I ______ it.A.will finishB.am going to finishC.finished

15.She has bought some cloth;she ______ herself a dress.A.makesB.is going to makeC.would make16.Don’t go and bother him.He ______ in the room.A.writesB.has writtenC.is writing

17.______ you ______?

A.Do;marry

B.Have;married

C.Have;been married18.— This is a terribly heavy box.—I ______ you to carry it.A.will helpB.am going to helpC.had better to help19.She told me that her father ______ to the post office when I arrived A.just wentB.has just goneC.had just gone20.Don’t get off until the bus ______.A.stopped

B.will stop

C.will have stopped

D.are going to see

D.had bought D.had taken D.is readingD.already didD.is snowing D.will beD.has been awayD.is being D.has been staying D.wouldn’t seeD.have finishedD.has madeD.has been writing

D.Are;married

D.had rather help D.had just been going D.stops

21.Peter said that he ______ home the next day.A.was going toA.lives

B.will goB.lived

C.would goC.had livedC.was wantingC.are leaving

D.had gone D.has lived D.want D.leave

D.had been comingD.standsD.have beenD.had D.Have;seen D.rains D.would;listen D.have been thinkingD.have finished D.do;beginD.had been D.went

22.He ______ with us since he returned last month.23.They ______ to help but could not get here in time.A.had wantedA.will leaveA.cameA.stand

B.have wanted

24.They will go to work in the countryside when they ______ school next year.B.will have leaveB.were coming

25.I didn’t know when they ______ again.C.had comeC.have stoodC.have come

26.The fence ______ near the window.B.is standing

27.They ______ here for more than a month.A.have arrivedB.have reachedA.had hadA.Had;metA.is to rain

B.would haveB.Did;see

28.We ______ a meeting from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon.C.were havingC.Would;meetC.will rain

29.She told us she had met you in London last year.______ you ______ her since ? 30.If it ______ tomorrow, we won’t go to the school farm.B.will be raining

31.______ you ______ to the 6:30 broadcast?A.Have;listenedB.Did;listen32.I ______ Tom has made a mistake.A.am thinkingB.shall think33.I ______ writing the article now.A.finish

B.is finishing

C.finished

34.When ______ you ______ to study English?A.have;begunB.did;beginA.has beenA.will go

B.has got

C.had;begunC.had fallen

35.He was taken into hospital last week.In fact he ______ ill for three months.36.I’ll look after your children after you ______.B.will have goneC.are gone

37.He ______ of how he could do more for the people.A.will always thinkB.is always thinkingC.has always thoughtD.does always think38.The foreign friends ______ here just now.A.left

B.have left

C.have been away fromD.had leftC.were going to study

D.should have studied

39.The teacher said that we ______ ten lessons by the end of this term.A.should studyB.have studied40.We ______ there when it ______ to rain.A.were getting;would beginC.had got;had begun

B.were about to get;began D.would get;began C.was writingC.had been

C.Had;listenedC.think

41.Han’s Christian Anderson ______ a lot of fairy tales.A.had writtenB.wroteA.was

D.has writtenD.will be

42.It ______ ten years since he left Shanghai.B.is

43.We ______ about two thousand English words by the end of last term.A.learnedA.have;plantedA.isn’t

B.have learnedB.do;plant

C.had learnedC.did;plant

D.would learnD.had;planted

D.won’t be

44.Since when ______ you ______ so many young trees?45.It ______ long before we celebrate the New Year’s Day.B.hasn’t beenC.wasn’tB.have beenB.had walked

46.—Where have you been? —I ______ to the railway station.A.have goneA.walkedA.is knowing

C.went

D.am goingD.would walk D.had been knowingD.wasn’t studying D.starts

47.I ______ along the road when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.C.was walkingC.knows

48.My brother ______ Tom quite well.They were introduced to each other at a Party.B.was knowing

49.I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I ______ them.A.wouldn’t studyB.haven’t studiedA.is starting

B.has started

C.hadn’t studiedC.would start

50.Don’t be late, Mary, the train ______ at 8 a.m.講座

（七）動詞時態

1—5: BDABD6-10:DAABD

11-15CCADB

16-20:CDACD21-25:CDADB 41-45:BBCAD46-50:BCCCD

26-30:DDCDD31-35:BCDBD36-40:CBADB

第五篇：動詞時態、語態及情態動詞專練100題(一)解析

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動詞時態、語態及情態動詞專練100題(一)

1.— May I have a word with Miss Anna?

— Sorry, she ____ to her friend on the phone.A.is talking

B.has talked

C.talked

D.talks

2.When Nancy was at college, she ____ three foreign languages, but I am surprised to find that she ____ all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten

B.had spoken;had forgotten

C.spoke;has forgotten

D.had spoken;has forgotten

3.By the end of next July this building ____.A.will be completed

C.will have been completed

D.has been completed

B.will have completed

4.— Hurry, Mary!You ____ on the phone.— Oh, I ____.Thank you, Mom.A.have wanted;have come

B.will be wanted;will come

C.are being wanted;come

D.are wanted;am coming

5.Because farmland ____ quickly, the government are considering starting a program to solve the problem.A.is being lost

B.is lost

C.is losing

D.loses

6.— What were you doing when I phoned you yesterday evening?

— I ____ just finished my homework and I ____ to watch TV.A.have;am going

B.have;was going

D.had;am going

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7.We ____ dinner at seven o’clock when CCTV ____ to broadcast news.A.are having;will start

D.will have had;starts

C.have;will start

B.will be having;starts

8.— Where are Jack and Mike?

— They ____ the furniture you asked for into the house.A.have been carrying

B.carried

D.were carried

C.have been carried

9.Professor Haley told me that he ____ by many of his students at the railway station.A.had been seen off

B.have been seen off

D.have seen off

C.had seen off

10.As we stood on the top of the hill, we could see the beautiful scene that ____ before us.A.had spread

B.has spread

C.spread

D.spreads

11.An order has come that the police should find out where the thief ____.A.hides

B.was hiding

C.hiding

D.is hidden

12.— You must be surprised and excited to see the film star here.— You’re right.____.A.I don’t expect to see her here

B.I didn’t expect to see her here

C.I am expecting to see her here

D.I expected to see her here

13.Mr.Ham felt that he himself, rather than Alice and Lisa, ____ for the coldness that had grown between them.中學學科網學海泛舟系列資料

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A.were to blame

B.was to be blamed

D.was to blame

C.were to be blamed

14.— What else did you do this morning besides doing the shopping?

— Two hours ____ washing the windows and floor.A.were taken

D.will be spent

C.has taken

B.was spent

15.I’m glad you’ve come, Miss Rose;I ____ you, but you’ve saved me the trouble now.A.am going to call

B.was about to call

D.am to call

C.had called

16.Did you tell me that there ____ an English test the next week?

A.would be

B.will be

C.is

D.were

17.— Did you meet the pianist at the station?

— No, he ____ by the time I ____ there.A.had left;got

B.has left;reached

D.left;had got

C.was leaving;got

18.I should very much like to have gone to that party of theirs, but ____.A.I’m not invited

B.I have not been invited D.I had not been invited

C.I was not invited

19.— How is the boy?

— Sorry.He ____ though the doctor made every effort to save him.A.died

B.was dead

C.had died

D.has been dead

20.— Bob must be wealthy.— Yes, he ____ more in one day than I do in a week.中學學科網學海泛舟系列資料

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A.is earning

B.earns

C.had earned

D.has earned

21.You can certainly leave the classroom as soon as your homework ____.A.has done

B.has been done

D.will have been done

C.will be done

22.— Did you telephone the manager’s office?

— Yes, he ____ back before 9 o’clock this morning.A.expects

B.is expected

C.expected

D.was expected

23.— Would you like to tell me what our teacher said just now?

— She said that light ____ faster than sound.A.travels

B.traveled

C.would travel

D.was traveling

24.— Has William finished writing his graduation paper yet?

— I don’t know exactly, but he ____ all day.A.is writing

B.has been writing

D.wrote

C.was writing

25.When you come into the exhibition hall, you can see a large board with a notice on it, saying visitors ____ not to touch the exhibits.A.will request

B.request

C.are requesting

D.are requested

26.SARS ____ in Hong Kong in the winter of 2002.A.was broken out

B.was broke out D.was breaking out

C.broke out

27.— The Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei is here already.— I ____ he ____ until tomorrow.A.think;is coming

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B.thought;would come

C.didn’t think;was coming

D.don’t think;will come

28.The couple ____.I really don’t know why.A.always quarrel

B.are always quarreling

C.have always quarreled

D.have always been quarreled

29.— My sister finished school three years ago.— What ____ these years?

A.did she do

B.has she been doing D.does she do

C.is she doing

30.— ____ the sports meeting is likely to be put off.— Yes, it all depends on the weather.A.I’ve been told

B.I’ve told D.I told

C.I was telling

31.Thousands of people took part in the work when the old temple ____.A.would be rebuilt

D.had been rebuilt

C.was being rebuilt

B.was rebuilding

32.— Was the trip pleasant when you vacationed in the mountain village last summer?

— No, it ____ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.A.was raining

B.would be raining D.have rained

C.had been raining

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33.When and where to build the new school ____ yet.A.have not been decided B.are not decided

C.has not been decided D.has not decided

34.This cloth you bought is cheap, but it ____well.A.is worn

B.wore

C.wears

D.wearing

35.Here ____ the professor and writer as well as his friends.A.has come

B.comes

C.come

D.are coming

36.My money____.I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I’ve none in hand.A.has run out

B.is running out D.is being run out

C.has been run out

37.Be careful!Don’t get the orange juice on your shirt, for it ____.A.isn’t washed out

B.won’t be washed out

D.isn’t washing out

C.won’t wash out

38.Robert ____ me his address the other day, but I’m afraid I ____it.A.had given;lost

B.has given;have lost

D.gives;have lost

C.gave;have lost

39.Shelly ____ California for Texas in 1996 and ____ there ever since.A.left;worked

C.left;has worked

D.has left;worked

B.has left;had worked

40.— I thought I asked you to fix the radio.— Oh, I’m sorry.Mother, I ____ it right now.A.am to do

B.will do

D.am going to do

C.was about to do

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41.If she doesn’t tell him the truth now, he’ll simply keep on asking her until she ____.A.does

B.has done

C.will do

D.would do

42.He ____ to the airport to meet us, but he had to leave before we arrived.A.did go

B.didn’t go

C.would go

D.had gone

43.I ____ to come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.A.intended

B.had intended

D.was intended

C.was intending

44.— Bob has gone to New York, I hear.— Oh, I wonder when he ____.A.had left

B.leaves

C.left

D.was leaving

45.— Look at the black clouds.It ___soon.— Sure.If only we ____out.A.is raining;didn’t come

B.is to rain;won’t start

C.will rain;haven’t started

D.is going to rain;hadn’t come

46.She ____ to the office than she got down to writing the report.A.has no sooner got

B.had hardly got

D.had no sooner got

C.no sooner got

47.Beijing Children’s Library ____ four branch libraries in different districts.They can receive more readers than before.A.will set up

B.has been set up

D.set up

C.has set up

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48.— Can you attend the conference tomorrow, Bob?

— I think I can when my stomachache ____ completely.A.will disappear

B.is disappearing

D.will have disappeared

C.disappears

49.I don’t know what decision ____ at the conference, as Mike hasn’t reported to me yet.A.is made

B.was made

C.has made

D.had made

50.— Do you smoke?

— No, I don’t.It’s two years since I ____.A.smoked

B.have smoked

C.has smoked

D.don’t smoke

答案及解析：

1.A。根據sorry一詞可以判斷出Anna小姐正在給她朋友打電話,故用現在進行時。

2.C。Nancy上大學時講三門外語,用一般過去時符合題意;從but I am surprised to find...來看,應該是敘述她目前對這三門外語的掌握情況,故用現在完成時。

3.C。“by the end of +表將來的時間”通常和將來完成時連用。complete用作及物動詞,此處要用被動語態。

4.D。You are wanted on the phone.為固定表達;“I am coming.”意思是“(我)來啦!”,符合上下文語意。

5.A。從主句的時態可以判斷出,要解決的問題是目前存在的問題;從quickly一詞可以看出用進行時態合適,故選A。

6.C。問句是問過去發生的事,因此,答語中要用過去時態才符合邏輯。

7.B。“will be doing sth.”為將來進行時,口語中常用此時態表示將來某時正發生的事。該題從句中用一般現在時表示一段時間或很長時間內不變的計劃或安排。

8.A。“杰克和邁克一直在往屋里搬運‘你’要的家具。”這句話正是英語中現在完成進行時常表達的含義。

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9.A。學生為Haley教授送行的事實發生在他告訴我之前,故而要用過去完成時。

10.C。此處的spread為過去式,作不及物動詞用。

11.D。“be hidden”表示躲藏的狀態;選項B時態錯誤。

12.B。“I didn’t expect to...”表示“我原沒有料到……”,符合題意。

13.D。從句中的主語是he,因此A、C不正確;“be to blame”是固定結構,意為“應該受到責備”。

14.B。問句問的是過去發生的事,答語也應用過去時;“spend time(in)doing sth.(花費時間做某事)”是固定結構。

15.B。從“but you’ve saved me the trouble now”可以判斷出“我”沒有給“你”打電話,因此“was about to call(剛要打電話)”符合題意。

16.A。主從句的時態通常應保持一致。這兒用過去將來時態符合題意。

17.A。“by the time”通常和過去完成時或將來完成時連用,其引導的從句通常使用一般過去時或一般現在時。根據問句,應選A。

18.C。“我”本來非常想參加他們的晚會,可是沒人邀請。談的是過去發生的事,用一般過去時符合題意。

19.A。強調“死”這個動作?熏用die;強調“死”的狀態?熏用be dead。根據從句中的時態來看,選A合適。

20.B。

21.B。在時間狀語從句中可以用現在完成時表示將來, 強調從句的動作發生在主句謂語所表示動作之前。

22.B。“he is expected...”意為“人們預計他……”。

23.A。表示客觀真理常用一般現在時。

24.B。表示“一整天都在做某事(此時該動作還沒有結束)”要用現在完成進行時。

25.D。“request sb.(not)to do sth.要求某人(不要)做某事”是固定結構,根據題干,應使用被動語態。

26.C。break out(爆發)沒有被動語態。

27.C。在此之前,“我”認為“楊利偉”明天才能到這兒,此題應注意否定轉移和not...until...句型。

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28.B。always同進行時態連用通常表示說話者贊揚、責備、厭惡等情緒。

29.B。“這些年她都在做什么?”要用現在完成進行時來表示。

30.A。根據賓語從句中的時態可以判斷出正確答案,選項B的錯誤在于told后缺間接賓語。

31.C。用過去進行時的被動語態表示動作的持續。

32.C。根據題意及“for four days”,應采用過去完成進行時。

33.C。when and where to build the new school指的是“一件事”,故謂語動詞用單數形式,且decide一詞用作及物動詞,所以應用被動語態。

34.B。wear well意為“耐用”。某些可以用來表達事物內在品質或屬性的動詞(如:draw, read, sell, wash, write, open, shut),常用主動形式表示被動含義。

35.B。

36.B。由后文看出, 錢還未用完,故用現在進行時表將來。

37.C。解析見34。38.C。

39.C。由于有明確的過去時間(in 1996),故第一空應用left;ever since常與完成時態連用。

40.B。此處用 will do表示臨時決定要做的事。

41.A。主句用一般將來時,until/ when/ before / unless/if等引導的從句常用一般現在時表將來。

42.A。助動詞does/do/did +動詞原形, 起加強語氣的作用。

43.B。had intended/ thought/ planned/ wanted / expected/ hoped to do sth.等常用來表示主語未曾達到的希望、愿望或打算。

44.C。

45.D。be going to do sth.常見的用法為:①表示按計劃或安排打算去做某事,②表示有跡象表明要發生某事, 此題是第二個用法。if only引起的句子中謂語部分要用虛擬語氣, 與過去事實相反時, 用過去完成時。

46.D。在no sooner...than...句型中,主句用過去完成時,從句常用一般過去時。

47.C。

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48.C。

49.B。

50.A。since從句中動詞若為延續性動詞, 則意為“自從不……以來”。

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