第一篇：2009年全國高考江蘇英語試題答案

土右旗農技推廣體系現狀和問題

土右旗農業技術推廣中心 智宇航

土默特右旗地處呼和浩特、包頭二市之間，北依大青山，南臨黃河，全旗共轄17個鄉鎮，1個生態管委會，農業人口28.5萬人，現有耕地116萬畝，是典型的平原農業大旗。自20世紀80年代以來，土右旗建立了以旗級農技服務為中心，鄉鎮為紐帶，村為橋梁，上下貫通，左右相連的農技推廣服務網絡，對全旗的農業和農村經濟的發展做出了不可替代的作用。但是從20世紀90年代起，在歷次縣、鄉機構改革中，農技推廣機構都成為主要精簡目標。隨之在農技推廣工作中出現了一些非常突出并急待解決的問題。

一、土右旗農技推廣體系現狀

做好農技推廣工作，加速科技成果向現實生產力轉化是解決“三農”問題的重要舉措。1996年的鄉鎮機構改革，首先是從鄉鎮農技部門開始的，對其實行了“三定”，改革后，“人財物”三權下放鄉鎮。2002年的鄉鎮機構改革，對其實行“斷奶、脫鉤”，將農技、農機、農經、畜牧、水利、林業合并為綜合站，農技人員聽從于鄉鎮安排。據調查，全旗大多數鄉鎮農技干部都是“占其職不謀其政”，諸如包村、包片、計劃生育、稅費收繳、綜合治理等中心工作，根本無暇顧及農技推廣。

土右旗現有農技推廣機構19個，其中：縣級1個，鄉級18個，種植業推廣機構人數318人，其中縣級人數50人，鄉級268人，國家編制人數為302人，其中縣級45人，鄉級257人。縣、鄉農技機構實行差額拔款，定編人員經費4500元/人。

全旗種植業農技推廣組織職工素質狀況，學歷狀況：大專以上學歷有20人，占6%，中專及高中人數201人，占63%；年齡結構：36至49歲人員188人，占59%，50歲及以上人數34人，占10%；職稱狀況：有專業技術職稱人數129人，占職工人數的41%，其中，中級職稱人數18人，占職工總數的6%，初級及以下職稱人數111人。

全旗種植業推廣機構職工從事技術推廣人員數218人，占職工總數的69%，其中具備本專業學歷人數81人，占職工總人數的25%。旗級農業技術推廣中心由土右旗農牧業局主管，鄉鎮農技站由各鄉鎮政府管理。

以旗農業技術推廣中心為例，自1997年以來定為“準科級事業單位”，人員編制45人，承擔著農技推廣、植物保護、漁政管理、農村能源、農廣校、多種經營等幾項重要公益性工作。2001年隨著改革，旗政府為減輕財政壓力，核定農業中心為差額事業單位，人員經費4500元/人。經費銳減，職能激增，呈現出嚴重的酬不抵勞現象。具體情況如下：

1、執法職能：有植物檢疫、農藥管理、無公害認證、漁政 2 管理、土肥監測、耕地保護、農技推廣等法律法規職能。

2、公益職能：

—— 植保植檢：新農藥、新植保技術的試驗、示范、推廣

—— 農技推廣：新作物品種、新栽培技術的試驗、示范、推廣

—— 水產養殖：新水產品種、新養殖技術的試驗、示范、推廣

—— 新肥料、新施肥技術的試驗、示范、推廣

—— 多種經營：新經濟作物及新栽培技術的試驗、示范、推廣

—— 農廣校：招收農村生源，培訓廣大農民

—— 農村能源：戶用沼氣池、小型沼氣工程、秸桿氣化等生物能源及太陽能、風能的試驗、示范、推廣

3、上級對口業務部門有：

農業技術推廣站（含農村生態能源辦）；植檢植保站（含農藥檢定站）；水產站；土壤肥料站；多種經營站（主要是經濟作物）；農廣校。

4、一般性推廣服務：主要是接受涉農企事業單位委托，進行相應的工作，可逐步走向市場經營的方向，但目前條件尚未成熟。

綜上所述，旗農業中心的經費水平與職能范疇極不匹配，按 3 目前中心的經費水平，只能承擔所述職能的1—2部分，可中心卻在全部承擔，實在是勉強維持，步履艱難。

二、農技推廣體系發展中存在的主要問題

（一）農技推廣投資嚴重不足

由于旗鄉財政不寬裕，推廣經費長期嚴重短缺，投入不足，致使旗、鄉農業技術推廣機構在設施設備上還在用上世紀80年代搞商品糧基地建設時留下的老底子，服務設施和手段嚴重落后；現有的農技人員待遇嚴重偏低，更難以吸引大中專畢業生充實進來從事這項工作。財政供給的窘迫狀況，嚴重制約了旗、鄉農技推廣機構公益性職能的正常發揮。今年我旗承擔的國家和自治區的玉米良種補貼項目，在實施過程中，財政狀況較好的鄉鎮如大城西、明沙淖、將軍堯等在落實推廣過程中，給予農技人員一定的推廣經費，良種補貼項目就落實得較好，宣傳到位。而財政狀況困難的鄉鎮，如三道河、雙龍、沙海子等鄉鎮，推廣經費嚴重缺乏，工作力度不夠，宣傳乏力，群眾認識不高，出現了播種面積小、播種遲、種植不規范等一系列情況。同時農技部門和其它部門相比較工作任務重，農技人員的收入低，工作條件艱苦，許多農技干部不得不“跳農門”。

（二）非專業技術人員過多，知識斷層與知識老化問題嚴重 農技推廣人員結構不合理。現階段從事旗鄉兩級種植業技術人員比重偏少，特別是農民生產上急需水產、園藝、蔬菜、植保 4 專業技術人員更少，均不適應新時期農業技術推廣的需要。以縣農技推廣中心為例，全中心50人中從事種植技術推廣的27人，其中從事水產工作的2人，從事植保工作的7人，且存所學專業與崗位不符的現象。

非專業技術人員過多。在全旗種植業技術人員中，非專業技術人員占70%左右，而大專以上學歷人員僅占人員總數的5%，具備本專業學歷人員占總人數的26%，從農技人員所從事的工作情況看，從事農技推廣工作的專業技術人員才一半左右，而非專業技術人員從事技術推廣工作的比例則高達20%。

知識斷層與知識老化問題嚴重。從2000年—2003年全旗縣、鄉農技站沒有增加過新畢業的農業院校畢業生。因為經費短缺，農技人員無法參加各種繼續教育和相關專業培訓，1996年以來旗、鄉兩級的農技人員中沒有一位同志進行過脫產學習，在從事農技推廣工作的人員中參加過種植業技術短期培訓和進修的只有10人（包括在職攻讀中專、大專等人員），占總數的0.03%。旗、鄉兩級大部分農技人員知識嚴重老化，所擁有技術多為常規種植技術，真正掌握“名、特、優”種養管理技術的很少。這種狀況表明：農技推廣人員的知識斷層與知識老化現象相當嚴重。

由于以上三方面的原因，我旗農技推廣工作進行的難度就較大。還以今年落實玉米良種補貼為例，旗、鄉兩級的非專業農技人員在落實過程中就顯得工作吃力，推廣力度不夠，甚至有少數 5 人技術培訓不到位，不受廣大農民歡迎；部分專業過硬的農技人員，雖能夠較好地完成該項工作，而且得到廣大農戶的好評和認可，但待遇太低，也存在著應付差事的現象。

（三）農技推廣體制不合理

鄉鎮農技推廣機構的人、財、物管理權下放后，導致旗、鄉兩級農技推廣部門業務斷鏈，鄉鎮農技人員絕大部分時間在從事鄉鎮“中心”工作。另外，也為各種關系擠占農口指標就業提供了機會，在農技推廣機構中，從1996年以來增加的人員，非農專業人員所占比例高達30%。這種旗鄉斷鏈的農技推廣體制，在工作過程中，矛盾重重，很難適應新時期農技推廣工作的需要。諸如今年在玉米良種補貼、沼氣池建設等農技推廣工作中，推廣落實工作的難度就顯得尤為突出。

三、我旗農技推廣體系創新的建議

1、改革農技推廣體制

在機構設臵上要明確行政執法、社會公益及一般推廣機構的性質。合理設臵機構，對公共性法律法規授權、委托執法和行政管理的機構，應由財政全額供養；對經營性機構應大力扶持，實行企業化管理。種植業推廣機構要設臵跨鄉鎮的區域站或鄉鎮站，作為旗級推廣機構的派出機構，全旗統一重新定編、定崗，根據實際工作需要，旗級農技中心因工作量大，要增加現有編制，核定50人為宜，鄉鎮推廣機構要以區域站或鄉鎮站的形式設臵，6 區域站以鄰近的兩個鄉鎮設立。因我旗耕地面積116萬畝，主要種植小麥、玉米、向日葵、馬鈴薯、胡麻、麻子、甘草、蘋果、葡萄、杏、李，以種植面積1萬畝設臵一名農技人員，推廣機構區域站建設8—10個，每站15—20人或鄉鎮站每站5—10人為宜，管理權限歸屬旗級或農業行政部門主管。

2、創新農技推廣管理機制

對社會公益性推廣機構一是要按專業定崗定編，并確保專業人員比例不少于80%；二是要對專業人員定期進行培訓，實行再教育，培養綜合型人才；三是按專業崗位擇優聘用，對推廣人員由身份管理向崗位管理轉變；四是對專業技術職稱評定實行評聘分開，不搞終身制；五是不管實行鄉鎮農技推廣區域站還是鄉鎮站都應明確縣級政府和農業主管部門的管理職責，便于農技推廣工作的統籌安排。

3、保證必需的財政供給，增加農技推廣資金投入 各級財政要加大對農業推廣計劃的支持力度，增加財政支農資金用于農技推廣的份額。實踐證明，能否保證財政供給是關乎農技推廣機構能否全面地履行公益性職能的先決條件，只有經費的足額投入，才能增強農業科技推廣服務功能，有效地為廣大農民服務。

２００９.１０.１８

第二篇：江蘇高考英語作文模版

南京育才教育英語試卷

高考英語作文模版

話題作文

Nowadays, there are more and more(某種現象)in(某種場合).It is estimated that(相關數據).Why have there been so many(某種現象)? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is(原因一).Besides,(原因二).The third one is(原因三).To sum up, the main cause of(某種現象)is due to(最主要原因).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing,(解決辦法一).On the other hand,(解決辦法二).All these measures will certainly reduce the number of(某種現象).對比觀點題型

（1）要求論述兩個對立的觀點并給出自己的看法。

1． 有一些人認為。。

2． 另一些人認為。。

3． 我的看法。。

The topic of ①-----------------（主題）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------（理由二）.Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的觀點）.The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.（2）給出一個觀點，要求考生反對這一觀點

Some people believe that ①----------------（觀點一）.For example, they think ②-----------------（舉例說明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(為他們帶來的好處).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④-------------(我不同意該看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反對的理由之二)．

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我對文章所討論主題的看法)．

闡述主題題型

要求從一句話或一個主題出發，按照提綱的要求進行論述．

１． 闡述名言或主題所蘊涵的意義．

２． 分析并舉例使其更充實．

The good old proverb----------------（名言或諺語）reminds us that----------------(釋義).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example,-------------------(舉例說明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(舉例說明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三)．

In my opinion,----------------(我的觀點).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.解決方法題型

要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑

１． 問題現狀

２． 怎樣解決(解決方案的優缺點)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(說明Ａ的現狀)．Second,---------------(舉例進一步說明現狀)

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解決方法一).For another-------------(解決方法二).Finally,--------------(解決方法三).Personally, I believe that-------------(我的解決方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because--------------(帶來的好處).說明利弊題型

這種題型往往要求先說明一下現狀，再對比事物本身的利弊，有時也會單從一個角度（利或弊）出發，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態度（或對事物前景提出預測）

１． 說明事物現狀

２． 事物本身的優缺點（或一方面）

３． 你對現狀（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First----------------(Ａ的優點之一).Besides-------------------（Ａ的優點之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(Ａ的第一個缺點)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二個缺點)．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法)．

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,---------------(對前景的預測)．)

議論文的框架

(1)不同觀點列舉型（選擇型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 觀點一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___觀點一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___觀點二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的議論文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文題目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___優點一______.And secondly

___優點二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺點一______.In addition, ____缺點二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.(3)答題性議論文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文題目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途徑一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)諺語警句性議論文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___諺語_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____諺語的含義_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.圖表作文的框架

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文題目的議題_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily

rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.實用性寫作(申請信)

Your address

Month, Date, year

Receiver's address

Dear...,I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours,X X X

高考英語作文模板：現象說明文

Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________

____.In Conclusion____________________.一種事物或現象（負面意義傾向）

關于A的話題,早已引起了廣泛的社會關注。如今在電視、報紙、日常生活的很多角落，都有越來越多的關于A的議論。

給A一個精確恒定的定義并非易事，因為它的概念涉及了科學、人性、思想、經濟、社會、自然等廣闊的領域。一般而言，我們可以這樣描述A…

A能成為公眾關注的焦點，主要是由于它對個人、集體乃至整個世界都有著不容忽視的不良影響。

認真分析后我們可以看到，A對社會/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，從最直觀的角度來看，A的出現直接損害了（這里加入一句針對性的話，如人類的身體健康和環境的平衡）。（舉例）。其次，從更深一層次上講，它為人類的精神文明蒙上了一層陰影。更可怕的是，由于A所產生微小利益，卻促成了許多可悲的人們為其忘乎所以，破壞了人類生存的法則和空間。事實上，A的出現是社會發展和人類進步的產物，A所帶來的危害是人類進化過程中付出的代價。同時，A的產生來源于部分人們的自私和趨利性，他們看到的是膚淺和片面的利益，而從未從整個全局和人類整體的利益出發去認識和分析它。這使得A始終揮之不去。對此，我奉勸他們，跳出狹小的角落，用長遠和全局的眼光去重新審視A。

而如今，我們已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我們必須從根源上杜絕它的產生，我們每一個人都應給予A高度的重視，用系統的和科學的方法去解決，唯有這樣，避免它帶來更多損失，我們人類前進的腳步才會更加平穩，更加歡快的邁向輝煌的明天。

One object or phenomenon(negative significance inclination.)

A has attracted extensive attention of the society.Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations of

A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life.Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly.Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:…….A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on individuals, collective, and even the whole world.It seems to have a strange power to drive some individuals or organizations to act wrongly.The essence of these wrong actions is:

(1)to gain personal, short-term and partial individual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest;

(2)to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input.Situating under the shadow of A, individuals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests.However, the result may turn out to be loss of really important and valuable resource or ability.We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the essence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production.Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle.Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem.We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.

第三篇：江蘇高考英語作文模版

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高考英語作文模版

話題作文

Nowadays, there are more and more(某種現象)in(某種場合).It is estimated that(相關數據).Why have there been so many(某種現象)? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is(原因一).Besides,(原因二).The third one is(原因三).To sum up, the main cause of(某種現象)is due to(最主要原因).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing,(解決辦法一).On the other hand,(解決辦法二).All these measures will certainly reduce the number of(某種現象).對比觀點題型

（1）要求論述兩個對立的觀點并給出自己的看法。

1． 有一些人認為。。

2． 另一些人認為。。

3． 我的看法。。

The topic of ①-----------------（主題）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------（理由二）.Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的觀點）.The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.（2）給出一個觀點，要求考生反對這一觀點

Some people believe that ①----------------（觀點一）.For example, they think ②-----------------（舉例說明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(為他們帶來的好處).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④-------------(我不同意該看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反對的理由之二)．

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我對文章所討論主題的看法)．

闡述主題題型

要求從一句話或一個主題出發，按照提綱的要求進行論述．

１． 闡述名言或主題所蘊涵的意義．

２． 分析并舉例使其更充實．

The good old proverb----------------（名言或諺語）reminds us that----------------(釋義).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example,-------------------(舉例說明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(舉例說明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三)．

In my opinion,----------------(我的觀點).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.www.tmdps.cn 江蘇省中小學英語教學提供

解決方法題型

要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑

１． 問題現狀

２． 怎樣解決(解決方案的優缺點)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(說明Ａ的現狀)．Second,---------------(舉例進一步說明現狀)

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解決方法一).For another-------------(解決方法二).Finally,--------------(解決方法三).Personally, I believe that-------------(我的解決方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because--------------(帶來的好處).說明利弊題型

這種題型往往要求先說明一下現狀，再對比事物本身的利弊，有時也會單從一個角度（利或弊）出發，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態度（或對事物前景提出預測）

１． 說明事物現狀

２． 事物本身的優缺點（或一方面）

３． 你對現狀（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First----------------(Ａ的優點之一).Besides-------------------（Ａ的優點之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(Ａ的第一個缺點)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二個缺點)．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法)．

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,---------------(對前景的預測)．)議論文的框架

(1)不同觀點列舉型（選擇型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 觀點一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___觀點一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___觀點二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.www.tmdps.cn 江蘇省中小學英語教學提供

（2）利弊型的議論文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文題目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___優點一______.And secondly ___優點二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺點一______.In addition, ____缺點二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.(3)答題性議論文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文題目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途徑一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)諺語警句性議論文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___諺語_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____諺語的含義_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.圖表作文的框架

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文題目的議題_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there

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are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.實用性寫作(申請信)

Your address

Month, Date, year Receiver's address Dear...，I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours, X X X

高考英語作文模板：現象說明文

Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________

____.In Conclusion____________________.一種事物或現象（負面意義傾向）

關于A的話題,早已引起了廣泛的社會關注。如今在電視、報紙、日常生活的很多角落，都有越來越多的關于A的議論。

給A一個精確恒定的定義并非易事，因為它的概念涉及了科學、人性、思想、經濟、社會、自然等廣闊的領域。一般而言，我們可以這樣描述A… A能成為公眾關注的焦點，主要是由于它對個人、集體乃至整個世界都有著不容忽視的不良影響。

認真分析后我們可以看到，A對社會/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，從最直觀的角度來看，A的出現直接損害了（這里加入一句針對性的話，如人類的身體健康和環境的平衡）。（舉例）。其次，從更深一層次上講，它為人類的精神文明蒙上了一層陰影。更可怕的是，由于A所產生微小利益，卻促成了許多可悲的人們為其忘乎所以，破壞了人類生存的法則和空間。

事實上，A的出現是社會發展和人類進步的產物，A所帶來的危害是人類進化過程中付出的www.tmdps.cn 江蘇省中小學英語教學提供

代價。同時，A的產生來源于部分人們的自私和趨利性，他們看到的是膚淺和片面的利益，而從未從整個全局和人類整體的利益出發去認識和分析它。這使得A始終揮之不去。對此，我奉勸他們，跳出狹小的角落，用長遠和全局的眼光去重新審視A。

而如今，我們已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我們必須從根源上杜絕它的產生，我們每一個人都應給予A高度的重視，用系統的和科學的方法去解決，唯有這樣，避免它帶來更多損失，我們人類前進的腳步才會更加平穩，更加歡快的邁向輝煌的明天。

One object or phenomenon(negative significance inclination.)

A has attracted extensive attention of the society.Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations of A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life.Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly.Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:…….A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on individuals, collective, and even the whole world.It seems to have a strange power to drive some individuals or organizations to act wrongly.The essence of these wrong actions is:

(1)to gain personal, short-term and partial individual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest;

(2)to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input.Situating under the shadow of A, individuals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests.However, the result may turn out to be loss of really important and valuable resource or ability.We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the essence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production.Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle.Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem.We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.1.經濟的快速發展 the rapid development of economy

2.人民生活水平的顯著提高/ 穩步增長the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard

3.先進的科學技術 advanced science and technolo提高英語寫作分數的88個詞組 gy

4.面臨新的機遇和挑戰 be faced with new opportunities and challenges

5.人們普遍認為 It is commonly believed/ recognized that?

6.社會發展的必然結果 the inevitable result of social development

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7.引起了廣泛的公眾關注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention

8.不可否認 It is undeniable that?/ There is no denying that?

9.熱烈的討論/ 爭論 a heated discussion/ debate

10.有爭議性的問題 a controversial issue

11.完全不同的觀點 a totally different argument

12.一些人 ?而另外一些人 ? Some people? while others?

13.就我而言/ 就個人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally，14.就?達到絕對的一致 reach an absolute consensus on?

15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons

16.雙方的論點 argument on both sides

17.發揮著日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in?

18.對?必不可少 be indispensable to ?

19.正如諺語所說 As the proverb goes:

20.?也不例外 ?be no exception

21.對?產生有利/不利的影響 exert positive/ negative effects on?

22.利遠遠大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。

23.導致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in

24.復雜的社會現象 a complicated social phenomenon

25.責任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement

26.競爭與合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation

27.開闊眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision

28.學習知識和技能 acquire knowledge and skills

29.經濟/心理負擔 financial burden / psychological burden

30.考慮到諸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration

31.從另一個角度 from another perspective

32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts

33.對?有益 be beneficial / conducive to?

34.為社會做貢獻 make contributions to the society

35.打下堅實的基礎 lay a solid foundation for?

36.綜合素質 comprehensive quality

37.無可非議 blameless / beyond reproach

39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to?

40.應當承認 Admittedly，41.不可推卸的義務 unshakable duty

42.滿足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of?

43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information

44.寶貴的自然資源 valuable natural resources

45.因特網 the Internet(一定要由冠詞，字母I 大寫)

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46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient

47.在人類生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life

48.環保(的)environmental protection / environmentally friendly

49.社會進步的體現 a symbol of society progress

50.科技的飛速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology

51.對這一問題持有不同態度 hold different attitudes towards this issue

52.支持前/后種觀點的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion

53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 證據 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence

54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way

55.理論和實踐相結合 integrate theory with practice

56.?必然趨勢 an irresistible trend of?

57.日益激烈的社會競爭 the increasingly fierce social competition

58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest

59.長遠利益.interest in the long run

60.?有其自身的優缺點 ? has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages

61.揚長避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones

62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。

63.對?有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to

64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information

65.跟上?的最新發展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of …

66.采取有效措施來? take effective measures to do sth

67.?的健康發展 the healthy development of ?

68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。

No garden without weeds。

69.對?觀點因人而異 Views on ?vary from person to person。

70.重視 attach great importance to?

71.社會地位 social status

72.把時間和精力放在?上 focus time and energy on?

73.擴大知識面 expand one’s scope of knowledge

74.身心兩方面 both physically and mentally

75.有直接/間接關系 be directly / indirectly related to?

76.提出折中提議 set forth a compromise proposal

77.可以取代 “think”的詞 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that

78.緩解壓力/ 減輕負擔 relieve stress/ burden

79.優先考慮/發展? give(top)priority to sth。

80.與?比較 compared with?/ in comparison with

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81.相反 in contrast / on the contrary。

82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of

83.經不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water

84.提供就業機會 offer job opportunities

85.社會進步的反映 mirror of social progress

86.毫無疑問 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that?

87.增進相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding

88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of

第四篇：江蘇高考英語作文模版

高考英語作文模版 話題作文

Nowadays, there are more and more(某種現象)in(某種場合).It is estimated that(相關數據).Why have there been so many(某種現象)? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is(原因一).Besides,(原因二).The third one is(原因三).To sum up, the main cause of(某種現象)is due to(最主要原因).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing,(解決辦法一).On the other hand,(解決辦法二).All these measures will certainly reduce the number of(某種現象).對比觀點題型

（1）要求論述兩個對立的觀點并給出自己的看法。1．有一些人認為。。2．另一些人認為。。3．我的看法。。

The topic of ①-----------------（主題）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------（理由二）.Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的觀點）.The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.（2）給出一個觀點，要求考生反對這一觀點 Some people believe that ①----------------（觀點一）.For example, they think ②-----------------（舉例說明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(為他們帶來的好處).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④-------------(我不同意該看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反對的理由之二)．

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我對文章所討論主題的看法)． 闡述主題題型

要求從一句話或一個主題出發，按照提綱的要求進行論述． １．闡述名言或主題所蘊涵的意義． ２．分析并舉例使其更充實．

The good old proverb----------------（名言或諺語）reminds us that----------------(釋義).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example,-------------------(舉例說明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(舉例說明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三)．

In my opinion,----------------(我的觀點).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.解決方法題型

要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑 １．問題現狀

２．怎樣解決(解決方案的優缺點)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(說明Ａ的現狀)．Second,---------------(舉例進一步說明現狀)

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解決方法一).For another-------------(解決方法二).Finally,--------------(解決方法三).Personally, I believe that-------------(我的解決方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because--------------(帶來的好處).說明利弊題型

這種題型往往要求先說明一下現狀，再對比事物本身的利弊，有時也會單從一個角度（利或弊）出發，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態度（或對事物前景提出預測）１．說明事物現狀

２．事物本身的優缺點（或一方面）３．你對現狀（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First----------------(Ａ的優點之一).Besides-------------------（Ａ的優點之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(Ａ的第一個缺點)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二個缺點)．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法)．

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,---------------(對前景的預測)．)議論文的框架

(1)不同觀點列舉型（選擇型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 觀點一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___觀點一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___觀點二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的議論文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文題目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___優點一______.And secondly ___優點二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺點一______.In addition, ____缺點二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.(3)答題性議論文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文題目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途徑一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)諺語警句性議論文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___諺語_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____諺語的含義_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.圖表作文的框架 as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文題目的議題_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.實用性寫作(申請信)Your address

Month, Date, year Receiver's address Dear...，I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours, X X X 高考英語作文模板：現象說明文

Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________

____.In Conclusion____________________.一種事物或現象（負面意義傾向）

關于A的話題,早已引起了廣泛的社會關注。如今在電視、報紙、日常生活的很多角落，都有越來越多的關于A的議論。

給A一個精確恒定的定義并非易事，因為它的概念涉及了科學、人性、思想、經濟、社會、自然等廣闊的領域。一般而言，我們可以這樣描述A?

A能成為公眾關注的焦點，主要是由于它對個人、集體乃至整個世界都有著不容忽視的不良影響。

認真分析后我們可以看到，A對社會/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，從最直觀的角度來看，A的出現直接損害了（這里加入一句針對性的話，如人類的身體健康和環境的平衡）。（舉例）。其次，從更深一層次上講，它為人類的精神文明蒙上了一層陰影。更可怕的是，由于A所產生微小利益，卻促成了許多可悲的人們為其忘乎所以，破壞了人類生存的法則和空間。

事實上，A的出現是社會發展和人類進步的產物，A所帶來的危害是人類進化過程中付出的代價。同時，A的產生來源于部分人們的自私和趨利性，他們看到的是膚淺和片面的利益，而從未從整個全局和人類整體的利益出發去認識和分析它。這使得A始終揮之不去。對此，我奉勸他們，跳出狹小的角落，用長遠和全局的眼光去重新審視A。

而如今，我們已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我們必須從根源上杜絕它的產生，我們每一個人都應給予A高度的重視，用系統的和科學的方法去解決，唯有這樣，避免它帶來更多損失，我們人類前進的腳步才會更加平穩，更加歡快的邁向輝煌的明天。

One object or phenomenon(negative significance inclination.)

A has attracted extensive attention of the society.Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations of A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life.Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly.Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:…….A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on individuals, collective, and even the whole world.It seems to have a strange power to drive some individuals or organizations to act wrongly.The essence of these wrong actions is:

(1)to gain personal, short-term and partial individual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest;

(2)to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input.Situating under the shadow of A, individuals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests.However, the result may turn out to be loss of really important and valuable resource or ability.We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the essence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production.Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle.Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem.We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.1.經濟的快速發展 the rapid development of economy

2.人民生活水平的顯著提高/ 穩步增長the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard

3.先進的科學技術 advanced science and technolo提高英語寫作分數的88個詞組 gy

4.面臨新的機遇和挑戰 be faced with new opportunities and challenges

5.人們普遍認為 It is commonly believed/ recognized that?

6.社會發展的必然結果 the inevitable result of social development

7.引起了廣泛的公眾關注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention

8.不可否認 It is undeniable that?/ There is no denying that?

9.熱烈的討論/ 爭論 a heated discussion/ debate

10.有爭議性的問題 a controversial issue

11.完全不同的觀點 a totally different argument

12.一些人?而另外一些人? Some people? while others?

13.就我而言/ 就個人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally，14.就?達到絕對的一致 reach an absolute consensus on?

15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16.雙方的論點 argument on both sides 17.發揮著日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in? 18.對?必不可少 be indispensable to ? 19.正如諺語所說 As the proverb goes: 20.?也不例外?be no exception 21.對?產生有利/不利的影響 exert positive/ negative effects on? 22.利遠遠大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。23.導致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24.復雜的社會現象 a complicated social phenomenon 25.責任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26.競爭與合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation 27.開闊眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision 28.學習知識和技能 acquire knowledge and skills 29.經濟/心理負擔 financial burden / psychological burden 30.考慮到諸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration 31.從另一個角度 from another perspective 32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts 33.對?有益 be beneficial / conducive to?

34.為社會做貢獻 make contributions to the society 35.打下堅實的基礎 lay a solid foundation for? 36.綜合素質 comprehensive quality 37.無可非議 blameless / beyond reproach 39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to? 40.應當承認 Admittedly, 41.不可推卸的義務 unshakable duty 42.滿足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of?

43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information 44.寶貴的自然資源 valuable natural resources 45.因特網 the Internet(一定要由冠詞，字母I 大寫)46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient 47.在人類生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life 48.環保(的)environmental protection / environmentally friendly 49.社會進步的體現 a symbol of society progress 50.科技的飛速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology 51.對這一問題持有不同態度 hold different attitudes towards this issue 52.支持前/后種觀點的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion 53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 證據 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence 54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way 55.理論和實踐相結合 integrate theory with practice 56.?必然趨勢 an irresistible trend of?

57.日益激烈的社會競爭 the increasingly fierce social competition 58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest 59.長遠利益.interest in the long run

60.?有其自身的優缺點? has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages

61.揚長避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones

62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。

63.對?有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to

64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information

65.跟上?的最新發展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of ?

66.采取有效措施來? take effective measures to do sth

67.?的健康發展 the healthy development of ?

68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。

No garden without weeds。

69.對?觀點因人而異 Views on ?vary from person to person。

70.重視 attach great importance to?

71.社會地位 social status

72.把時間和精力放在?上 focus time and energy on?

73.擴大知識面 expand one’s scope of knowledge

74.身心兩方面 both physically and mentally

75.有直接/間接關系 be directly / indirectly related to?

76.提出折中提議 set forth a compromise proposal

77.可以取代“think”的詞 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that

78.緩解壓力/ 減輕負擔 relieve stress/ burden

79.優先考慮/發展? give(top)priority to sth。

80.與?比較 compared with?/ in comparison with

81.相反 in contrast / on the contrary。

82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of

83.經不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water

84.提供就業機會 offer job opportunities

85.社會進步的反映 mirror of social progress

86.毫無疑問 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that?

87.增進相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding

88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of

第五篇：2009年全國高考海南地理試題答案

金屬非金屬礦山主要負責人和安全管理人員培訓復習題

一、單選

1.《生產安全事故報告和調查處理條例》規定單位負責人接到事故報告后，應當于（A）小時內向事故發生地縣級以上人民政府安全生產監督管理部門和負有安全生產監督管理職責的有關部門報告。A.1 B.3 C.5 D7 2.《生產安全事故應急預案管理辦法》規定生產經營單位制定的應急預案應當至少每（C）年修訂一次,預案修訂情況應有記錄并歸檔。A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 3.《關于加強金屬非金屬礦山安全基礎管理的指導意見》規定露天礦山專職安全管理人員不少于（B）人。A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 4.對小型金屬非金屬礦山，發生一次較大責任事故或一年內連續發生兩起一般責任事故的主要負責人，暫扣其《安全資格證》，責令參加復訓，復訓不合格的吊銷其《安全資格證》，（B）年內不得頒發。A.1 B.3 C.5 D7 5.水平運輸平巷作為安全出口時，必須保證人力運輸的有效寬度不小于（A）m。

A.0.7 B.0.8 C.0.9 D.1.0 6.防止地表水災基本的要求是，豎井、斜井、平硐等井口標高要高于當地歷史最高洪水水位（C）米以上。A.0.8 B.0.9 C1.0 D.1.2

7.露天礦爆破作業必須設立警戒線，爆破安全允許距離由設計確定，但最低不小于（D）m A.50 B.100 C.150 D.200 8.穿孔作業中，鉆機移動時，機下應有工作人員引導和監護。鉆機不宜在坡度超過（C）°的坡面上行走；如超過這個角度，必須放下鉆架，并采取防傾覆措施。A.5 B.10 C.15 D.20 9.（A）是最成功、應用最廣泛的一種控制爆破方法。A.減振爆破

B.預裂爆破 C.緩沖爆破 D.微差爆破 10.（B）是最簡單的一種控制爆破方法。

A.減振爆破

B.預裂爆破 C.緩沖爆破 D.微差爆破

11.《作業場所職業危害申報管理辦法》規定作業場所職業危害（B）申報一次。

A每半年

B.每年

C.每兩年

D.每三年

12.《關于加強金屬非金屬礦山安全基礎管理的指導意見》規定地下礦山專職安全管理人員不少于（C）人。A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 13.每個礦井至少要有兩個獨立的直達地面的安全出口，安全出口間距不小于（C）m。A.20 B.25 C.30 D.35 14.運輸斜井作為安全出口時，必須保證人行道的有效凈高不小于（B）m。

A.1.8 B.1.9 C.2.0 D.2.1

15.露天礦山企業必須遵循（B）開采順序。A.自下而上

B.自上而下

C.自內而外

D.自外而內

16.小型露天采石場不能采用分臺階開采的，應當自上而下分層開采，實施淺眼爆破時，分層高度不得超過（A）米。A.6 B.8 C.15 D.20 17.采裝工作中裝車時不得將鏟斗壓碰汽車車幫，鏟斗卸礦高度不得超過（B）m，以免振傷司機,砸壞車輛。A.0.2 B.0.5 C.0.7 D.0.9 18.（C）的主要優點是施工比較迅速，安裝簡便，靠重力疏干，幾乎不需要維護，布設靈活，能適應地質條件的變化。

A.地表排水

B.地下水疏干 C.水平疏干孔

D.垂直疏干井 19.關于金屬非金屬礦山事故處理，事故發生單位對事故發生負有責任的，將按規定進行處罰，其中發生重大事故的，將處以（C）的罰款。

A.10萬元以上20萬元以下 B.20萬元以上50萬元以下 C.50萬元以上200萬元以下 D.200萬元以上500萬元以下

20.在處理瞎炮時，應在爆破（B）min后再進入現場處理。A.15 B.20 C.25 D.30 21.《作業場所職業危害申報管理辦法》規定作業場所職業危害（B）

申報一次。

A每半年

B.每年

C.每兩年

D.每三年

22.水平運輸平巷作為安全出口時，必須保證人力運輸的有效寬度不小于（A）m。

A.0.7 B.0.8 C.0.9 D.1.0

二、多選

1.《生產安全事故報告和調查處理條例》規定，發生了事故，事故調查處理過程中最重要的一條原則就是“四不放過”，下列說法正確的是（ABCD）

A．事故原因沒有查清不放過 B．事故責任者沒有嚴肅處理不放過 C．廣大職工沒有受過教育不放過 D.防范措施沒有落實不放過

2.《生產安全事故應急預案管理辦法》規定生產經營單位的應急預案按照針對情況的不同，分為（ABC）A綜合應急預案 B.專項應急預案 C.現場處置方案 D.綜合處置方案

3.錨桿(索)一般有（ABD）三部分組成。A.錨頭

B.拉伸段

C伸長段 D錨固段

4.關于電氣工作安全措施中的安全組織措施，下列說法正確的是

（ABC）A.工作票制度 B.工作監護制度 C.恢復送電制度 D.工作組織制度

5.露天礦對地表水和地下水治理的一般措施有（ABCD）。A.地表排水

B.水平疏干孔

C.垂直疏干井

D.地下疏干巷道 6.《生產安全事故信息報告和處置辦法》規定生產經營單位負責人向有關部門報告用電話快報事故信息時，其內容包括（ACD）A．事故發生單位的名稱、地址、性質； B．已經采取的措施 C．事故發生的時間、地點

D．事故已經造成或者可能造成的傷亡人數(包括下落不明、涉險的人數)7.加強作業現場勞動組織管理中要嚴肅查處“三違”行為，關于“三違”下列說法正確的是（ACD）

A.違章作業

B.違章建筑

C.違章指揮

D.違反勞動紀律 8.下列屬于抗滑樁加固邊坡優點的有（ABCD）A布置靈活

B.施工不影響滑體的穩定性 C.施工工藝簡單 D速度快

9.關于造成壩基滲漏的設計方面原因，下列說法正確的是（AD）A.對壩址的地質勘探工作做得不夠 B.天然鋪蓋被破壞

C.在壩后任意取土，影響地基的滲透穩定 D.鋪蓋在滲水壓力作用下破壞

10.下列關于危險源的控制下列說法正確的是（ABD）。A技術控制 B人行為控制 C組織控制 D管理控制。

11.關于造成壩基滲漏的設計方面原因，下列說法正確的是（AD）A.對壩址的地質勘探工作做得不夠 B.天然鋪蓋被破壞

C.在壩后任意取土，影響地基的滲透穩定 D.鋪蓋在滲水壓力作用下破壞

12.露天礦對地表水和地下水治理的一般措施有（ABCD）。A.地表排水

B.水平疏干孔

C.垂直疏干井

D.地下疏干巷道

三、判斷題

1.金屬非金屬礦山是我國重要的基礎產業，在國民經濟中占有重要的地位。（√）

2.生產經營單位應當制定本單位的應急預案演練計劃，根據本單位的事故預防重點，每年至少組織一次綜合應急預案演練或者專項應急預

案演練，每年至少組織一次現場處置方案演練。（√）

3.生產經營單位的主要負責人對本單位作業場所的職業危害防治工作全面負責。（×）

4.《作業場所職業危害申報管理辦法》規定作業場所職業申報收取基本費用。（×）

5.《礦山資源法》是保障礦山生產安全、防止礦山事故、保護礦山職工人身安全、促進采礦業發展的重要專業安全生產法律。（√）6.《關于加強金屬非金屬礦山安全基礎管理的指導意見》規定礦山每班必須確保都有專職安全檢查人員。（√）

7.豎井、斜井、平硐等井口標高要高于當地歷史最高洪水水位1米以上，特殊情況下達不到要求的，要以歷史最高洪水位為標準修筑防洪堤，在井口必須筑人工島，使井口高于最高洪水位1 m以上。（√）8.爆破作業必須設立警戒線，爆破安全允許距離由設計確定，但最低不小于150 m。（×）

9.尾礦庫必須設置專職安全管理人員，兼職有無均可。（√）10.尾礦壩堆積到設計最終壩高的1/2～2/3高度時，應對壩體進行一次全面的勘察，并進行壩體穩定性專項評價，否則不能進行生產。（×）11.相鄰采石場之間應當設置大于30 m的隔離帶。（√）

12.豎井、斜井、平硐等井口標高要高于當地歷史最高洪水水位1米以上，特殊情況下達不到要求的，要以歷史最高洪水位為標準修筑防洪堤，在井口必須筑人工島，使井口高于最高洪水位1 m以上。（√）13.水平疏干孔的位置和間距，取決于邊坡的幾何形狀和巖體中結構

面的分布。（√）

14.爆破作業必須設立警戒線，爆破安全允許距離由設計確定，但最低不小于150 m。（×）

15.在處理瞎炮時，應在爆破15 min后再進入現場處理。（×）16.尾礦庫必須設置專職安全管理人員，兼職有無均可。（×）17.采礦作業的技術安全要求：每個采場都要有兩個出口，并上下相連通。（√）

18.尾礦壩堆積到設計最終壩高的1/2～2/3高度時，應對壩體進行一次全面的勘察，并進行壩體穩定性專項評價，否則不能進行生產。（√）19.采石場上部需要剝離的，剝離工作面應當超前于開采工作面10m以上。（×）

20.相鄰采石場之間應當設置大于30 m的隔離帶。（√）

21.礦山生產過程中，每天都要接觸到有毒物質，排除有毒物質的最好辦法是通風排毒，特別是爆破以后要加強通風，15 min以后才能進入爆破現場。（√）

22.鏟裝工作時禁止用挖掘機鏟斗處理粘幫車輛。（√）23.地下礦井通風系統的有效風量率，不得低于40％。（×）24.在處理瞎炮時，應在爆破15 min后再進入現場處理。（×）25.對于部分停電的作業，安全距離小于0.7 m的未停電設備，應裝設臨時遮攔、并懸掛“止步，高壓危險”的標示牌等。（√）26.采礦作業的技術安全要求：每個采場都要有兩個出口，并上下相連通。（√）

27.人力推車時應注意：推車人員應在巷道側幫行走。（×）

四、簡答題

1.《礦山安全法》規定礦山設計哪些項目必須符合礦山安全規程和行業技術規范？

答：① 礦井的通風系統和供風量、風質、風速； ② 露天礦的邊坡角和臺階的寬度、高度； ③ 供電系統； ④ 提升、運輸系統；

⑤ 防水、排水系統和防火、滅火系統； ⑥ 防瓦斯系統和防塵系統； ⑦ 有關礦山安全的其他項目。

2.露天礦有幾種排水系統？分別適用于什么類型的礦山？ 答：(1)自流排水系統，主要是山坡露天礦采用；

(2)采場底部集中排水系統，適用于匯水面積和涌水量小的中小礦山；(3)采場分段截流排水系統，適用于匯水面積大，開采較深的礦山；(4)地下井巷排水系統，多用于涌水量大的露天礦。這種排水系統多與礦床疏干工程統籌考慮。

3.礦山電氣火災的預防措施主要有哪些？

答：(1)應選用合格的礦用不易燃橡套電纜。電纜的懸掛應符合礦山安全規程的要求。

(2)避免外力打擊電纜，開關在跳閘后，不查明原因不得反復強行送電。

(3)電纜不準成堆堆放或壓埋，電纜接線盒附近不得存放易燃物。(4)要正確使用電纜的連接方法，不能用捆接法和壓接法。(5)礦用變壓器使用的絕緣油應定期化驗，不合格的應及時更換。(6)井下不準用燈泡、電爐取暖。

(7)機電硐室應采用不燃物支護，不得存放易燃物料，并設防火門。(8)進行電焊作業應辦理動火證，并采取相應的防火措施。4.在事故應急救援預案中應明確哪些內容？

答(1)應急救援組織機構設置、組成人員和職責劃分。

(2)在事故應急救援預案中應明確預案的資源配備情況，包括應急救援保障、救援需要的技術資料、應急設備和物資等，并確保其有效使用。

(3)事故應急救援預案中應確定應急培訓計劃，演練計劃，教育、訓練、演練的實施與效果評估等內容。

(4)互助協議。當有關的應急力量與資源相對薄弱時，應事先尋求與外部救援力量建立正式互助關系，做好相應安排，簽訂互助協議，做出互救的規定。

5.爆破工作的安全管理有哪些內容？

(1)露天礦爆破作業中存在較多不安全因素，因此從事爆破作業的工作人員必須經過爆破技術訓練和專業安全教育，掌握安全操作方法和了解爆破安全規程，持證上崗。

(2)爆破作業的爆破準備、炮位驗收、藥包加工、裝藥、堵孔、起爆和爆破檢查等環節都必須保證安全生產。

(3)爆破準備工作應事先了解天氣情況，禁止黃昏、夜間、雷雨、大霧進行大爆破作業。爆破前做好炮孔檢查：有無亂孔、堵攏、卡孔、積水，及時調整設計裝藥量。

(4)起爆藥包的加工需在獨立的房間內進行，禁止煙火。裝藥車或裝藥器裝藥時要有可靠的防靜電措施。起爆前，所有人員應撤離到安全地點，防止早爆事故造成傷亡。爆破后,應嚴格按規定的等待時間進入爆破地點檢查。檢查中發現拒爆藥包或對全爆有懷疑時，應設置警戒線并立即處理。

(5)為保證人員、設備和建筑物安全，必須正確確定各項安全距離。(6)嚴格按照盲炮處理的各項規定處理盲炮。6.探水作業施工中應嚴格遵循哪些有關事項？ 答：a加強頂板支護。

b加強探水迎頭的通風和有害氣體的檢查。c安排避災路線

d設立警鈴信號及其他通訊聯絡設備。e安裝安全套管

7.尾礦庫的閉庫設計方案中應包括哪些內容？

答：(1)根據現行設計規范規定的洪水設防標準，對洪水重新核定，并盡可能減少暴雨洪水的入庫流量，可采取分流、截流等措施將洪流排至庫外。

(2)對現存的排洪系統及其構筑物的泄流能力和強度進行復核。(3)對現存壩體的穩定性(靜力、動力及滲流)做出評價。

(4)對庫區及其周圍的環境狀況進行調查并記錄(重點是水及尾塵污 染)，制定確保閉庫后安全的治理方案。8.編制救援預案中應急演練的工作要求有哪些？

答：(1)應急演練工作必須遵守國家相關法律、法規、標準的有關規定；

(2)應急演練應納入本單位應急管理工作的整體規劃，按照規劃組織實施；

(3)應急演練應結合本單位安全生產過程中的危險源、危險、有害因素、易發事故的特點，根據應急預案或特定應急程序組織實施；(4)根據需要合理確定應急演練類型和規模；(5)制定應急演練過程中的安全保障方案和措施；

(6)應急演練應周密安排、結合實際、從難從嚴、注重過程、實事求是、科學評估；

(7)不得影響和妨礙生產系統的正常運轉及安全。9.尾礦庫的閉庫設計方案中應包括哪些內容？

答：(1)根據現行設計規范規定的洪水設防標準，對洪水重新核定，并盡可能減少暴雨洪水的入庫流量，可采取分流、截流等措施將洪流排至庫外。

(2)對現存的排洪系統及其構筑物的泄流能力和強度進行復核。(3)對現存壩體的穩定性(靜力、動力及滲流)做出評價。(4)對庫區及其周圍的環境狀況進行調查并記錄 10.礦山電氣火災的預防措施主要有哪些？

答：(1)應選用合格的礦用不易燃橡套電纜。電纜的懸掛應符合礦山安全規程的要求。

(2)避免外力打擊電纜，開關在跳閘后，不查明原因不得反復強行送電。

(3)電纜不準成堆堆放或壓埋，電纜接線盒附近不得存放易燃物。(4)要正確使用電纜的連接方法，不能用捆接法和壓接法。(5)礦用變壓器使用的絕緣油應定期化驗，不合格的應及時更換。(6)井下不準用燈泡、電爐取暖。

(7)機電硐室應采用不燃物支護，不得存放易燃物料，并設防火門。(8)進行電焊作業應辦理動火證，并采取相應的防火措施。點是水及尾塵污染)，制定確保閉庫后安全的治理方案。