第一篇：高二英語下冊Unit12復習教案

高二英語下冊Unit12復習教案

Section I 課前準備、聽力、口語

1.Try the quiz below to see if you know any better.試一試下面的知識檢測，看看你是否了解的更多。(P.9 Question 2)if:(1)if conj.“是否”，在此語境中可用whether 代替。He asked whether / if we wanted a drink.他問我們是否要喝點飲料。注意：whether與if(作“是否”解時)都可以連接賓語從句。

(2)if不能替換whether的5種情況：a.正式文體中，句中有or not時I wonder whether it is big enough or not.我想知道它是否足夠大。注意：在口語中“if...or not”可接受，但連寫的“if or not”是錯誤的。b.引導主語、表語、同位語從句時：Whether it is true(or not)remains a question.它是不是真的還是一個問題。c.作介詞賓語時I haven't settled the question of whether I'll go back home.我還沒決定是否要回家。d.在不定式前，與不定式組成詞組She hasn't decided whether to go or not.她還沒有決定去還是不去。e.作discuss等詞的賓語We discussed whether we should close the shop.我們討論是否該關閉那家商店。

(3)if還有“假如”之意，引導條件狀語從句，而此時的條件狀語從句，又具體分為兩種情況：表示真實條件和表示假設條件，詳解如下：

a.表示真實條件。“如果” If he told you that, he was lying.如果他是那樣對你說的，他就是在撒謊。If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.如果明天下雨，我們就不出去。

注意：if條件句要求用一般時表示將來，不用will表示將來，只有在表示“愿意”或“不愿意”時，if后才可以跟will或won't。If you won't come, I'll go alone.如果你不愿意來，我就一個人去。

b.表示假設條件，“假如”，用虛擬語氣與現在事實相反 If I were you, I would help her.我要是你的話，我就會幫助她。

與過去事實相反 If I had not missed the train, I would have got home by now.假如我沒誤了火車，現在早該到家了。與將來事實相反 If any one should call, please let me know.萬一有人打電話來，請告訴我一聲。

拓展：as if(=as though)好像(引導方式狀語從句或表語從句);even if(=even though)即使(引導讓步狀語從句);if only(引導感嘆句，要用虛擬語氣)但愿，要??就好了;(引導狀語從句，要用虛擬語氣)要是，若是;only if(引導狀語從句，用陳述語氣)只有

2.What is the highest mountain on earth and how high is it? 世界上最高的山是什么山? 有多高?(P.9 Question 2 No.1)Which is the longest river on earth and how long is it? 世界上最長的河是那條? 有多長?(P.9Question2 No.3)1)What(1)pron.(疑問代詞)什么 What happened next? 后來怎么樣了呢? What do you want? 你要什么?(2)pron.(連接代詞，引導名詞性從句等)所??的事(或人)What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.過去認為不可能的事現在已成為現實。The city is not what it used to be.這個城市不再是先前的模樣了。2)辨析：what與which

(1)which既可引導定語從句，又可連接名詞性從句；而what不可引導定語從句。

(2)which，what同為名詞性從句的連接代詞時，都可在所連接的名詞性從句中充當主語或賓語，其區別在意思上。what強調“內容”，而which強調從已知的、確定的范圍中做出選擇。This river, which flows through London, is called the Thames.(which引導非限制性定語從句)這條流經倫敦的河，叫泰晤士河。What book are you going to read? 你要讀什么書?

Which book are you going to read, this one or that one? 你要讀哪一本書，這本還是那本? 注意：以下句子中常用what。(1)What season do you like best? 你最喜歡什么季節?(2)What day is today? 今天是星期幾?(3)What's the date today? 今天是幾號? 聯想：somewhat adv.稍微，有點whatever pron.無論什么；凡是??的東西

拓展：What about??(用于征求意見時)??怎么樣(=How about);what if倘使??將會怎么樣；即使??又有什么要緊；盡管??又有什么關系;what for為何目的；為什么what is more而且

3.Why does Sam need to know the time.為什么Sam需要知道時間？(P.10 Listen-ing Ex.2 No.1)need:(1)n.[U] 缺乏，缺少，需要 There is no need for you to be anxious.你沒必要焦慮的。

(2)n.[C]必需品 ￡10 a month will meet my needs.一個月10英鎊可滿足我的需要。(3)v.需要 This job needs a lot of care, attention and time.這工作需要花費很多心思和時間。She likes to feel needed.她喜歡感覺有人需要她。(4)v.aux.(無時態和人稱變化；多用于疑問句和否定句；后接沒有to的不定式；need not縮寫為needn't)需要，必須--Need l go? 我必須去嗎?--Yes, you must.(No, you needn't.)是的，你必須去(不，你不必去)。He need not have come last night.他昨晚本來沒必要來的。(但實際來了)注意：need not have done表示某一個已經發生的動作實際上不必發生，常譯為“不必??也行”等。

比較：He didn't need to come last night.他昨晚不必來。(實際上也沒有來)辨析：need, require與want:(1)三者后接名詞、代詞或數詞，意思為“要”或“需要”。三者后接被動的不定式或主動的動名詞，意思為“需要”或“應該”。(2)need(需要)和want(想要)可以接主動的不定式作賓語，而require不可以。(3)require和want可以接復合賓語，而need不可以。(4)require可以接賓語從句，而且從句中的謂語動詞必須用“(should+)動詞原形”；need和want不可以。(5)need可以作情態動詞，而require和want不可以。例如：The work needs / requires / wants patience.這工作需要耐心。The house needs / requires / wants to be cleaned / cleaning.這房子需要清掃。He needs / wants to see you.他要見你。I require / want you to be here this evening.我請你今晚到這兒來。They require that I(should)appear.他們要求我出場。You need not write down your translation.你們不必寫下譯文。聯想：(派)needful adj.需要的，必須的needless adj.無需的，不必要的needlessly adv.不需地，無謂地 needy adj.貧窮的，貧困的

拓展：at need緊急時;be / stand in need of 需要;if need be / were 如果必要的話;more than needs 超過需要;There is no need for sb.to do sth.某人做某事是不必要的。4.? and talk about what you believe may come true in the future.談一談你認為將來可能實現的事？(P.10 Speaking 第四行)(1)link.-v.成為，變成 His dream came true.他的夢想實現了。(2)come + to do(不定式中的動詞多為表示心理活動的動詞，如：understand，realize)終于??；開始??

I hope we'll be friends and come to understand each other.我希望我們成為朋友并逐漸相互理解。He came to realize that he was wrong.他開始認識到自己錯了。辨析：get，go，turn與come

get強調造成事件的施動者發揮的作用或變化的結果。go常常表示不顧施動者的愿望而發生的變化，多用于表示惡化的情況。turn經常表示從某種狀態向其對立狀態轉化的自然現象。come

大都表示向好的方面轉化。They got married 10 years ago.他們10年前結的婚。Please don't get angry.請別生氣。The eggs went bad.雞蛋壞了。The telephone has gone dead.電話斷了。The weather has turned much colder.天氣變得冷多了。Everything will come right in the end.最終一切事情總會變好的。

5.Doctors may find a way to keep us young forever.醫生可能會找到一種讓我們青春永駐的辦法。(P.10 Speaking “Young forever” 第二個A)部分名詞后接不定式或介詞 + 動名詞 1)在chance，way，opportunity，time等名詞后，既可用不定式，又可用“介詞 + 動名詞”作定語。如：I'd like to have a chance to see / of seeing your teacher.我想找個機會見一個你們的老師。I'm glad to have the opportunity to talk / of talking to you.我很高興能有這個機會跟你談話。2)在ability，resolution，tendency等名詞后，通常用不定式作后置定語。如：Does he have the ability to do the work? 他有做這項工作的能力嗎? He has made a resolution to go abroad.他決心出國。She has a tendency to become fat.她有發胖的趨勢。

3)當被修飾的普通名詞前有序數詞修飾時，該名詞的后置定語也須用不定式而不是“介詞 + 動名詞”。Antonio Gaudi is the first one to understand that.安東尼奧是第一個理解那件事的人。He is always the first one to come and the last one to leave.他總是第一個來，最后一個離開。

4)而在habit，idea，intention，method，objection等名詞后，通常只跟“介詞+動名詞”作定語。I have the habit of taking a nap after lunch.我有午飯后睡午覺的習慣。She dismissed the idea of becoming an artist.她打消了當藝術家的念頭。He had no intention of keeping his word.他不想遵守諾言。We like his methods of teaching English.我們喜歡他教英語的方法。He had an objection to(prep.)doing it.他反對做此事。

Section II 閱讀

6.By taking the scientific developments of his day one step further,? 通過將他所處時代的科學發展向前推進一步?(P.11 第一段倒數第4－3行)by prep.表手段、方式或原因

(1)以??，借助于??，用?? I go to school by bus, but my father goes to office by car.我乘公共汽車上學，但我爸爸開車上班。I sent the letter by e-mail.我將那封信以電子郵件寄出。

(2)借、靠、因?(置于動名詞前，表方法、手段、原因)You can make the cake by mixing eggs and flour.把雞蛋和面粉混合，你就可以做出那種蛋糕。He caught(a)cold by playing soccer in the rain.他因在雨中踢足球而感冒了。注意：置于by之后表示交通工具的名詞，前面不加冠詞，但指特定之物時則須加冠詞。He left by the 10：30 train.他坐10：30的火車走了。

7.He also suggested how inventions could be used in the future to allow man to do things that were consider-ed impossible in his own time.他還提出將來如何用發明來使人類作出他那個時代被認為是不可能做到的事情。(P.11 第一段 倒數2行)suggest: 1)suggest(1)v.建議、提議 I suggest finishing now.我建議現在做完。He suggested a walk.他提議去散散步。(2)v.顯出 Her yawn suggests that she is sleepy.她打哈欠表明她困了。Her look suggests that she is very happy.從她的表情可看得出她很高興。(3)v.表“建議”，后跟賓語從句時，用虛擬語氣，從句中謂語動詞常用“(should)+ 動詞原形”。He suggested that the work(should)be started at once.他建議立即動工。It is suggested that the work(should)be finished as soon as possible.有人提議那項工作要盡早完成。注意：“建議某人做某事”不可用suggest sb.to do sth.句型，但可用advise sb.to do

sth.suggest只有一個賓語。我向他提議我們早點動身去機場。誤：I suggested him that we leave early for the airport.正：I suggested to him that we leave early for the airport.提示：表示向某人建議某事用to sb.置于賓語之后；也可以因強調賓語或句子結構的需要而置于賓語之前，但不可以省去to；類似的動詞有：explain解釋；announce宣布，通知；report報告，報到。

補充：suggest(ion)等后用虛擬語氣的情況：我們表示“建議”“要求”“命令”“應當做??”這一意義時，suggest等動詞后的賓語從句中的謂語常用”(should+)動詞原形”；這類動詞的字頭記憶口訣是：I DROP CAPS，具體為：insist堅持；demand要求，desire要求，請求；request請求，require需要；要求；order命令；propose建議；command命令；ask要求；advise建議；prefer寧愿；suggest建議(1)這些動詞變被動語態(如：It is suggested + that主語從句)形式后，主語從句謂語動詞仍用“(should+)動詞原形”。(2)這些動詞變名詞(如：suggestion)后，其后的表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語部分仍用“(should+)動詞原形。”(3)此類動詞不表達“某事必須或很重要”這一意義時，賓語從句中不用虛擬語氣。She insisted that she heard somebody in the house.她堅持說她聽到房子里有人。Her expression suggested she was angry.她的表情表明她很生氣。

2)allow(1)v.允許，準許 They do not allow smoking here.他們不允許在這里抽煙。They allowed her to go to the party.他們允許她去參加聚會。(2)v.給予，提供(錢或時間)He allows his son ten dollars a month.他每月給兒子10元錢。Your gift allows me to buy a car.你的贈禮使我能夠買一輛車了。The facts allow no other explanation.這些事實不容易做解釋。

辨析：allow，permit與let:(1)allow和permit都表示“允許”，用法也一樣，在許多情況下可以互相換用，只是詞義的強弱上有些差別。(2)allow詞義較弱，含有“聽任”“默許”“不加阻止”的意思。permit詞義較強，強調“正式認可”“批準”的意思。let表示“讓”，詞義最弱，較口語化，用法上也不同于allow和permit；在let后面的賓補為不帶to的動詞不定式；let一般不能用被動語態。That teacher allows too much noise in the classroom.那位老師聽任教室里大聲吵鬧。Schools do not permit smoking.學校不準吸煙。The nurse allowed him to remain there, though it was not permitted.護士讓他留在那里，雖然這是(規定)不允許的。Let me help you.讓我幫你吧。

8.? and it is believed to be caused by a sea monster.人們認為這是由于一種海中怪獸造成的。(P.11 第二段第2行)cause:(1)v.導致；成為??的原因；使發生He often causes trouble to / for people.他常給人們惹麻煩。His illness caused him to miss the game.他因病不能參加比賽。

(2)n.[C] 原因，起因Careless is often the cause of fires.粗心大意常常是火災的起因。

(3)n.[C](人們強烈維護或支持的)原則或運動She fought for the cause all her life.她一生都在為事業奮斗。

辨析：cause，reason，excuse與grounds cause“起因”；指引起某種后果的起因。reason“理由，原因”；指決定做某一件事或采取某一行動的理由；由此而得出結論或解釋。excuse“辯解，借口”；指為某一行為所做的解釋，可以是真的，也可以是推托之辭。grounds“根據，理由”；指有根據的理由。The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.事故的原因是他車開得太快。The reason for my absence was that I was ill.我沒來是因為我生病了。Too much work is no excuse for not studying.工作太忙不能成為不學習的理由。We have good grounds to believe his story.我們有充分的理由相信他的話。

9.Dr Aronnax, his servant and a Canadian whale hunter set out to find the monster.愛瑞納克斯博士，他的仆人和一位加拿大的獵鯨手出發去尋找這只海怪。(P.11 第二段 倒數第1行)set out:(1)開始，著手 They set out to perform the operation.他們開始做手術。They set out to work as soon as they arrived.他們一到就干了起來。

(2)啟程，動身Half an hour later we set out again on our journey.半小時之后，我們又啟程趕路了。They set out for Rome.他們動身去羅馬。

比較：(1)set about開始，著手 He set about washing his car.(= He set out to wash his car.)他開始洗涮汽車。

I'll set about preparing supper.(= I'll set out to prepare supper.)我要開始準備晚飯了。(2)set off出發、動身 We all set off for New York next Tuesday.(= We all set out for New York next Tuesday.)下星期二我們將動身去紐約。They have set off on a journey round the world.(=They have set out on a journey round the world.)他們已出發作環球旅行。

歸納：set out(1)動身、出發(set off)(2)開始、著手(= set about)其中out，off為副詞，about為介詞。

拓展：set sb.an example = set an example to sb.為某人樹立榜樣;set about 著手(開始)做;set aside 存蓄，留出;set fire to 點燃，生火;set foot in / on 登上，涉足；訪問;set off 出發，動身;set to work(使)開始干

10.? the three companions are thrown overboard.三個伙伴都被撞翻到船外。(P.12第一段 第2行)overboard: adv.自船邊緣落入水中They were thrown overboard when they were on the sea.他們出海時船翻了。

辨析：aboard，board，on board與abroad

aboard adv.在船(飛機、車)上；上船(飛機、車)/ board vt.上車，上船 / on board 在船(車等)上，上船(車等)/ abroad adv.在國外，到國外 The boat is ready to leave.All aboard!船就要開了，請大家上船。It's time to go aboard.該上船(火車、飛機)了。注意：aboard作副詞時只用在動詞之后。

board vt.上車、上船 Then we boarded the bus and headed for the airport.然后我們上了汽車向機場開去。What time shall we go on board? 我們什么時候上船(車)? 注意：on board作形容詞或副詞性短語時，一般作“在船上?” “上船”解。He lives abroad for many years.他在國外僑居多年。They are sent abroad to work.他們被派駐國 外工作。

注意：abroad通常用在行為動詞后作狀語，用在be動詞后作表語。abroad可與from連用，作“從國外”解。

The professor is engaged from abroad.這位教授是從國外聘來的。

11.In their efforts to survive, they find themselves on the surface of the monster itself,? 在他們努力求生時，卻發現自己就在這頭怪獸的身體表面。(P.12 第一段2－4行)1)effort n.努力；盡力 He lifted the heavy box without effort.他毫不費力地舉起了那個重箱子。The prisoner made an effort to escape but he failed.那犯人企圖越獄，但沒有成功。

辨析：effort，effect，affect與afford

effect n.影響、效果 / affect v.影響 / afford v.花費得起；買得起；力足以 His stomachache is an effect of overeating.他因為吃得過量而肚子痛。Smoking affects health.吸煙影響健康。Since she lost her job, she can't afford to have a car.自從她下崗以后，就用不起汽車了。I can't afford three weeks away from work.我不能放下工作外出三個星期。

拓展：make an effort to do sth.盡力做??/ redouble one's efforts 加倍努力 / spare no effort(s)to do sth 不遺余力做 / make a good effort 做很大的努力 / make every effort 盡一切努力 / do sth.without effort 毫不費力做 2)find + 賓語 + 賓語補足語

(1)find + 賓語 + 賓補(形容詞)We found the prin-ciples easy to understand.我們發現這些原理很容易理解。

(2)find + 賓語 + 賓補(名詞)You will find it a difficult book.你會發現這是本很難的書。

(3)find + 賓語 + 賓補(現在分詞)He found a number of people already working there.我發現很多人已經在那里干了。

(4)find + 賓語 + 賓補(過去分詞)He found the place much changed.他發現這 地方有了很大變化。

(5)find + 賓語 + 賓補(不定式)We found him to be dishonest.我們發現他不老實。(6)find + 賓語 + 賓補(副詞)He hurried there，but found them all out.他急匆匆趕到那里，但發現大家都出去了。

(7)find + 賓語 + 賓補(介詞短語)When he woke up, he found himself in hospital.當他醒過來時，發現自己躺在醫院里。

注意：find后跟隨復合結構時，如賓語是不定式，不定式須移至補語之后，賓語位置用it充當。He found it impossible to see her.他覺得見到她是不可能的。19.? and huge glass windows that can be opened and closed give a view of the underwater world.巨大的玻璃窗可以打開，讓人看到水下世界。(P.12第二段第3行)view:(1)n.視力；視界；視野 My view of the harbor was blocked by the new building.新大樓擋住了我的視線，我看不見港口。The valley was hidden from view in the mist.山谷籠罩在霧中，看不見。

(2)n.(畫片、照片)風景；景色There's no view from my bedroom window except of some factory chimneys.從我臥室往窗外看，除了幾個工廠的煙囪外，什么景色也沒有。

(3)n.看；觀察，眺望 If you stand here, you'll get a better view of the procession.如果你站在這里，就可以比較清楚地看到行進的隊伍。(4)n.意見；觀點；見解 In my view, he's a fool.在我看來，他是個傻瓜。What are your views on free education? 你對義務教育有什么看法? 辨析：scenery，scene與view

(1)鄉村的景色，若從美的觀點來看，就叫scenery。

(2)view是scenery的一部分，也就是從某個地方所能看得到的景色。(3)scene在意思上可和view一樣，但scene(場面)大都包括人和動作在內：The scenery of the West Lakes is beautiful.西湖的景色很漂亮。There's a fine view of the mountains from our hotel window.從旅館的窗子往外看，我們能看到山巒的美景。It's a happy scene of children playing in the garden.孩子們在花園里玩是多快樂的場面。

拓展：in view of 鑒于??；考慮到，由于;on view 展覽著，上映中，陳列著

20.Readers have wondered about the character of Cap-tain Nemo ever since the book was published.自從這本書出版后，讀者就對尼莫艦長的性格有很多疑惑。(P.12第四段第1行)1)wonder(1)v.對??感到疑惑(或好奇)，想知道 I was wondering where to spend the weekend.我想知道在何處度周末。I wonder if you are free this afternoon.我想知道你下午是否有空。(2)n.[U] 驚奇，驚嘆，驚訝 Her success struck us all with wonder.她的成功使我們大家都很驚訝。(3)n.[C]奇跡，奇觀，奇事，奇才 The Great Wall is one of

the Seven Wonders of the world.長城是世界七大奇觀之一。聯想：wander v.漫游，漫步，漂泊

拓展：no wonder that 怪不得，難怪，不足為奇

2)since(1)prep.自從??以來，后來 He has eaten nothing since yesterday.自從昨天以來，他沒吃過東西。I have known her since 2001.我從2001年起就認識她。(2)conj.(引導時間狀語從句)自從??以來A lot of new things have happened since he left.他走了以后，已經發生了許多新情況。We have been friends since we left school.我們從畢業后一直是朋友。(3)conj.(引導原因狀語從句)既然，因為，由于Since you are going, I'll go too.既然你要去，我也要去。Since you can't answer the question.I'll ask someone else.既然你回答不了這個問題，我再去問別人。(4)adv.自從??以來 I have always been on my guard since then.從那時起，我就一直提防著。注意：正確理解過去時態的since從句。

since時間從句中，不論用短暫動詞、延續動詞還是狀態動詞的一般過去時，通常都表示從動作或狀態的完成或結束時算起，因此這種since從句應理解為“自從該動作結束以來”。如：Great changes have taken place here since he left.自從他離開以來，這里發生了巨大的變化。

提示：(1)從句中使用延續性動詞時，常容易誤解。(2)如果要表示從句中的動作或狀態延續至今，該動詞須用現在完成時，有時也可以用一般過去時，但這時需要在since前加ever，強調與現在的聯系。如：I haven't heard from him since he lived(was)in Beijing.自從他離開北京，我沒有收到過他的來信。How long is it since you smoked? 你戒煙多久了(或你多長時間沒抽煙了)?I have known her since I have lived here(或ever since I lived here / since I lived here).從我住到這兒以來，我就認識她。

拓展：ever since從那時起一直到現在;long since 很久以前，早已;since then 從那時以后，從此以后

Section III 詞匯語法、綜合技能

21.Instead of children’s play and adventure,? 我沒有孩子們的那些嬉戲和冒險,?(P.15 第一段第1行)instead of prep.取代，而不 He'll go to Italy instead of France.他要去意大利而不是去法國。You should be out playing instead of working indoors all day.你應該到戶外去活動活動，而不要整天呆在屋子里工作。

辨析：instead，instead of，in place of，take the place of，for，“代替”

(1)instead 單獨位于句首或句尾，是副詞；(2)instead of 用在名詞、代詞、動名詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語前；(3)in place of 書面語(=instead of)(“代替某人”還可用in sb.'s place)；(4)take the place of 作謂語，用在名詞、代詞前；(5)for 口語用在名詞、代詞前，是介詞。He went there to earn money instead of to spend money.他到那兒去是為了賺錢而不是花錢的。Things are better instead of worse.現在形勢是更好了，而不是更壞了。You should be out instead of in.你應當出去走走，不要老呆在家里。I'll go there by bicycle instead of by ship.我將騎自行車去那兒，而不是坐輪船。We use gas in place of coal in cooking.我們用煤氣代替煤來做飯。Our monitor is away.I'm acting in place of him(in his place).班長不在，我代替他的職務。Tractors have taken the place of horses in many places.在許多地方拖拉機取代了馬。Please post this letter for me.請替我寄了這封信。

22.I read all the books I could find that threw light upon these matters.我讀了我能找到的并能說明這些情況的書籍。(P.15第二段第1行)matter:(1)n.[U] 物質，物體(非思想或精神)What kinds of matter is the earth made up of? 地球是由什么物質組成的?

(2)n.[C] 事情，問題 I don't talk to my employer about private matters.我不跟我的雇主談私事。That will make matters worse.那會使事情變得更糟。

(3)n.困難，麻煩，毛病 What's the matter? Why are you crying? 怎么回事? 你為什么哭? There's nothing the matter with me.我沒什么。

(4)v.有重要性It doesn't matter if I miss my train, because there's another later.我如果沒趕上火車也沒什么關系，因為晚些時候還有一班。I don't think anybody matters to her apart from herself.我認為她一心只顧自己，從不考慮別人。拓展：as a matter of fact 事實上；其實 / in the matter of 關于/ to make matters worse 更糟的是/ for that matter 就此而言，而且/ no matter how(when，what，where，who，whether?)不管怎樣，(何時，什么，哪里，誰，是否??)

準確記憶：a matter事情，問題 matters事態，情況the matter = wrong 23.However, I found all that was taught at university very disappointing and ?然而我發現大學所教的課程都很令人失望?(P.15第二段第3行)disappoint:(1)vt.使失望，掃興 I'm sorry to disappoint you, but I can't come after all.讓你失望，真抱歉，可是我實在不能來。The movie disappointed me.這部電影使我失望。(2)vt.破壞(計劃)，使(希望)落空 I'm sorry to disappoint your hopes.害得你的希望落空，真抱歉。The experiment disappointed their hopes.那一次實驗使他們的希望落空了。辨析：disappointing與disappointed

disappointing adj.令人失望的，灰心的，掃興的 disappointed adj.(指人)失望的，掃興的

What disappointing news it is!多掃興的消息。Your examination marks are rather disappointing.你的成績真叫人失望。Since he lost the election he is a disappointed man.他落選之后，一直很失意。Are you very disappointed about／at losing the race? 你跑輸了是不是很灰心? 辨析：disappoint與despair

(1)在詞義上，disappoint表示“使??失望”；despair表示“絕望，徹底失望”。(2)在詞性上，disappoint為及物動詞；despair為不及物動詞。He was disappointed，but didn’t despair.他失望，但沒絕望。24.Although I knew how to create life, how to prepare a body for it with all its muscles and organs still remained a difficult job.盡管我知道如何創造生命，但是怎樣為它制造一個又有肌肉又有器官的身軀仍然是個難題。(P.15第四段第3－4行)remain:(1)vi.剩下，遺留 After the fire，very little remained of my house.大火過后，寒舍所剩無幾。

(2)說留待以后去看、去做、去說等(后跟不定式)Much work remained to be done.還有很多工作要做。

(3)vi.逗留，留下 I'll remain to see the end of the game.我將留下看比賽的結果。(4)link-v.繼續保持，仍是 He remained silent after class.下課后他仍默不做聲。The door remained closed.門一直關著。辨析：stay與remain

① stay 最普通用語，或長期或短期，或永遠或暫時地停留；② remain 強調維持原來的狀態，表示“逗留” 時比stay更正式些。如：You go;I'll stay here till you come back.你去吧，我待在這里直到你回來。Little of the original architecture remains.原來的建筑物現在留存很少了。How many days will you remain here? 你準備在此待幾天? 25.I collected my instruments around me, with which I would light the flame of life in the dead thing that lay at my feet.我把身邊的工具都收集起來，用這些工具我可以將生命之光注入到這個躺在我腳下沒有生命的東西的身體里。(P.15倒數第二段第3－4行)

with which: 非限制性定語從句“介詞+引導詞”: 在非限制性定語從句中，因which在從句中充當介詞賓語，一般將介詞置于關系代詞which的前面(固定的動詞詞組除外)。類似的用法有：There is a room, the window of which faces the river.有一問房子，窗戶朝著這條河。The wrong you've done him is terrible, for which you should make an apology to him.你太冤枉他了，因為這件事，你該向他道歉。

第二篇：高二英語說課稿unit12 Archaeology

《Unit 20 Archaeology》說課稿

尊敬的領導、老師，你們好：

今天我說課的課題是高二英語下冊《Unit 20 Archaeology》中的Warming up, Listening & Speaking的內容。（演示第一張）

首先，我將對這一單元的知識背景做一介紹。本單元圍繞考古這一主題開展聽、說、讀、寫多種教學活動。旅游作為當今社會人們最感興趣的話題在英語學習占有非常重要的位置，名勝古跡是旅游的重點內容之一，名勝古跡中的許多發現都來自于考古工作，所以Archaeology 也是一個非常貼近生活，具有時代性，可挖掘性的教學主題。本單元所選的語言素材涉及中外名勝，有利于學生了解外國文化，增強世界意識。

本課的教學重點要求 1.學生能利用所學知識談論古代人們的飲食起居、文化娛樂、生產工具等，為以后閱讀英國的《巨石王》和中華文明的起源奠定基礎。2.調動學生的積極性，組織他們利用表達好奇功能結構談論他們所感興趣話題。針對以上兩點，教學過程中主要采用的是讓學生做表格，看例子，練習對話的方式來鞏固知識點。

聽力是這一課的難點。聽力材料介紹是古代法國人用來射箭的一種武器。材料長，對武器結構的解釋比較復雜。所以對學生來說只要求能回答課后問題就好了，不要求了解細節。

從情感態度方面來說，通過在學習過程中看圖說圖的方式，能激發學生學習積極性，這是其一。其二是從談論石器時代、青銅器時代、漢朝、唐朝等時代人們的飲食起居、文化娛樂、生產工具等入手使學生到認識到中國是個有著悠久歷史燦爛文化的文明古國，增強學生的民族自豪感，愛國主義情操，增強學生學好英語的自信心。

在本課的授課過程中，我從網上下載了大量和考古出土文物相關圖片，目的是為了使學生能對考古學產生興趣，形成一個有關考古學的信息包，對考古學及中國古代所取得的成就有初步的了解和印象。如果用傳統的教學模式，很難達到理想的教學效果，而利用多媒體課件進行教學，不僅可以完成教學任務，還可以收到良好的教學效果。

所以，第一步要做的是通過多媒體課件文字資料，讓學生了解本節課的教學目標，包括兩個方面的內容，即掌握與考古相關的重點詞匯和學會表達對什么東西的好奇。

第二步是通過展示兩張反映不同時代出土文物的圖片資料，調動學生的學習情緒，引起他們對考古學的興趣，增強文化和考古意識，為以后學習英國《巨石王》和中華文明的起源奠定基礎。

第三步是通過多媒體課件的文字資料展示本課重點詞匯及相關用法，老師做簡要解說。然后通過課件展示四幅不同時代的出土文物圖片，讓學生對不同時代人們的起居生活、飲食習慣，生產工具，娛樂活動等進行深入討論并加以總結，結果則由老師在多媒體課件上以圖表的形式展示，這樣做較傳統方法節約了大量板書的時間，重難點也更為突出。

第四步是通過展示更多的不同時代的圖片資料，進一步深化學生對不同時代的認知，提高學生的學習熱情。

第五步的聽力部分我是這樣處理的：首先通過課件展示聽力部分文字材料及聽力要求，讓學生帶著問題去聽，然后聽錄音材料三遍后，要求學生完成聽力練習，通過繪圖、填空等練習形式來分解難點，降低學習的難度，通過課件展示的文字材料講解答案，這樣做較傳統方式更為輕松，學生也更容易接受。

第六步是通過課件展示的文字資料演示口語訓練的三個基本步驟，即首先給出范例，并對范例進行一定的講解，其次給出一些用來表達自己愿望的句型，要求學生以雙人對話的形式，按照例子，用所提供的句型和話題進行對話。對考古學以及考古學的重要發現提出自己的意見和看法。本部分的目的在于促進同學們對考古及考古學的思考，又促進同學在陳述觀點過程中的口頭表達能力和語言組織能力。這樣做使得課堂口語教學能得以有條不紊的進行，很好地完成教學任務。

總之，采用現代教育技術向學生傳授知識，改變了傳統教學過程的模式，許多抽象的難以理解的東西都變得形象生動了，易于被學生接受，更好的調動了學生學習的積極性，激發了更大的學習熱情；多媒體板書則優化了板書形式，節省了大量的課堂時間，真正做到了高效率教學，為老師補充更多的課外知識預留了時間，符合素質教育的要求。

第三篇：高二英語下冊Unit16復習教案

高二英語下冊Unit16復習教案

Section I 課前準備、聽力、口語

1.Atlanta is known as the “Big Apple”.亞特蘭大以“大蘋果”為人們所熟知。(p.41 Ex.1 No.3)★ be known as 作為??而有名氣

▲ known as, known by, known for與known to be known as以??而知名，著稱；be known by意為根據(按照)?得知(較少用)，be known for因?而眾所周知，表示之所以被眾人所知的原因或特征，for后面常跟抽象動詞；be known to則意為“為?所知”，僅僅表示“大家都知道”指某個地方或某一范圍的人知道。例如：A man is known by the company he keeps.看其交友可知其人。She was well-known as an excellent dancer.她作為一名優秀的舞蹈家而聞名。He's known for his readiness to help others.他樂于助人是非常聞名的。He’s known to the police as a thief.警察都知道他是個小偷。

辨析：know與recognize

know指“知道”可表示“認識”，也可表示熟悉，了解事物。recognize指“認出，認識，承認”。例如： I don't know the star but I know of him.我不認識這位明星，但我聽說過。I recognized his voice in the dark.黑暗中我聽出了他的聲音。

2.Why do you think Ellis Island was turn into a museum? 你認為為什么Ellis島變成了博物館?(p.42 Listening Ex.3 No.1)★turn into的用法

▲turn既可以是及物動詞，也可以是不及物動詞，作及物動詞時，turn...into?意為“把??變成??”。如： ① I'm thinking of turning the flower garden into a vege-table field.我正在考慮把花園改成菜地。② We can turn a liquid into a gas.我們能使液體變成氣體。③ Can you turn this passage into English? 你能把這個短文譯成英語嗎? ▲turn 作不及物動詞時，意為“變成”“譯成”。如：① He has turned into nice boy after all.他到底變成了一個不錯的小伙子。② Jane is turning into quite a skilled musician.簡正成長為一個訓練有素的音樂家。③ Shakespeare's plays are difficult to turn into any other language.莎士比亞的戲劇譯成其他語言是困難的。

3.There is a lot of history connected with people settling in the USA.有一段悠久的歷史與在美國定居的人有關。(p.42 Listening Ex.3 B)★connect...with...connect...with...意為“連接”“使有關系”。如：① This road connects Beijing with Tianjin.這條公路連接北京和天津。② The early bus from the village connects with the 8:30 train.村里開出的早班公共汽車可與8點30分開出的火車接上。③ The visit of the police was not connected with the lost child.警察這次來訪與失蹤的孩子無關。④ Mr Thompson has been connected with our company since 1990.湯普森先生自1990年以來就與我公司有聯系。⑤ It's natural to connect Australia with kangaroo.把澳大利亞與袋鼠聯系在一起很自然。⑥ The police did not connect him with the murder.警方沒有想到他與兇殺案有關。⑦ We usually connect spring with sunshine and flowers.通常一提起春天我們就聯想到陽光和鮮花。

【注】動詞join也有“連接”之意，與介詞to連用，與connect...with...作 “連接”解時同義。如：Sometimes the needles are joined to electric wires.有時把針和電線連接起來。

4.Officials treated the people passing through the island badly.官員們粗暴對待那些過島的人。(p.42 Listening Ex.3 No.2 B)★pass through的幾種用法

▲ pass though 在本課中作“通過”“經過”解釋。如：① He passed through the doorway

and entered the room.他穿過門道，走進房間。② The newspaper is passing through the press.報紙正在印刷中。③ His sister had passed through medical college to become a qualified doctor.他姐姐上完了醫學院成了一名合格的醫生。④ Henry passed through a very hard time when his wife died.亨利的妻子去世后，他經歷了一段十分困難的時期。⑤ When Jane did not come home by midnight, many terrible ideas passed through Mother's mind.簡到了半夜還沒有回來，這使母親腦子里閃過了許多可怕的念頭。

5.Some people cried when they were refused entry into the USA.一些人在被拒絕進入美國的時候哭了。(p.42 Listening Ex.3 No.2 C)★ entry

(1)n.進入The children were surprised by the sudden entry of their teacher.老師突然進來把孩子們嚇了一跳。The thieves had forced an entry into the building.竊賊闖進了大樓內。

(2)n.[U]進入權 We can't go along that road because the sign says 'No Entry'.我們不能走那條路，牌子上寫 著“禁止人內”。

(3)(日記，賬本等)項目There is no entry in his diary for that day.他的日記上沒有那一天的記錄。

辨析：entry與entrance 兩詞均可表示進入，但entrance特別用于指進入儀式，演出；而entry指進入組織或指進入的權力。例如：to make an entrance onto the stage, an entrance examination；China's entry into the WTO；no entry Section II 閱讀

6.Ever since the Civil War, the South has struggled to find ways to deal with its troubled past.自從南北戰爭以來，美國南方各州一直在竭力找辦法處理動蕩不安的過去。(p.43 Reading 第一段 第1行)▲struggle此處是動詞，作“盡力使得”解釋，后面接不定式。如：① The businessman struggled to free himself from debt.那商人竭力想要擺脫債務。② She struggled to remember where she had been at the time of the accident.她竭力回憶事故發生時她在哪里。

【注】struggle的原意是“掙扎”“斗爭”后面可接不定式或for, against, with等介詞。如：① Most animals have to struggle for existence in a dangerous world.大多數動物不得不在一個充滿危險的世界里為生存而斗爭。② The man in the boat struggled with the great waves.小船上的人與巨浪搏斗。③The boy struggled with the question and at last found the answer.那男孩苦想問題，終于找到了答案。④The swimmer struggled against the tide.游泳者奮力與海浪搏斗。▲way(1)道路，路線路途 Which is the best / right / quickest / shortest way? 哪條路是最好(正確、最快、最近)的路? The longest / farthest way round / about is the nearest way home.最遠的路才是捷徑。He made / pushed / fought / felt his way out.他走(擠、沖、摸索著走)出去。

(2)方法，手段 They had no way to communicate with her.他們沒有辦法與她聯系。What's the way of address-ing the Queen? 怎么稱呼女王才得體? The way(that)you are doing it is wrong.你這么做錯了。拓展：by the way 順便說

on one's way 在??的路上;on the way 在途中;all the way 一直地;ask the way 問道;by way of 取道，經由;have a long way to go 還要走很遠的路，還要做很大的努力;in a / one way 在某種程度上(in)one's own;way 按自己的方式 in the way妨礙

▲ deal with有“對付”“應付”“相處”之意。如：① That man is impossible to deal with.這人無法相處。② I'll get someone else to deal with them.我將另找一個人來對付他們。③ Deal fairly with your students!對你的學生要公正!④ He seemed to be quick-tempered, but was actually not difficult to deal with.他性子急，但不難相處。【注】deal with還常用來表示以下意思：

(1)是??的買主；與......有生意往來 The Greens deal with the butcher at the corner of the block.格林家通常在街角處的肉鋪買肉。(2)attend to 處理(事情、問題、緊急情況等)He is a person who can deal properly with all situations.他是一個能恰當處理各種局面的人。

(3)關于，論及This article deals with an important subject.這篇文章論及一個重要問題。

7....the pains of slaves brought from Africa by greedy slave owners.被貪婪的奴隸販子從非洲帶來的奴隸的痛苦。(p.43 Reading 第一段 第3行)▲ pain原意為“疼痛”，表示身體局部的疼痛，其前一般用不定冠詞，也可以用復數。如：① Mary is crying because she has a pain in her stomach.瑪麗胃疼得哭了起來。② She had pains in her back all the time.她背部一直痛。③ I couldn't sleep for pain.我疼得睡不著覺。

【注】表示身體某部分的疼痛，介詞要用in，不可用at或on，如例句① ②。

【注】pain表示“痛苦”時，是不可數名詞。如：① You will forgive me if I have given your pain.如果我給了你痛苦，請你原諒我。② The pain in her heart was intolerable.她內心的痛苦簡直無法忍受。③ It will cause her infinite pain.這會給她帶來無限的痛苦。④ How well I understood the confusion and pain of her parents!我非常理解她父母的迷惑和痛苦!【注】 pain作“煩惱”“辛苦”“費心”“努力”解釋時要用復數形式。如：① He is a good teacher and takes great pains with his pupils.他是個好老師，非常盡力地教育學生。② With great pains and much patience, I at last managed to get from them the information I wanted.我煞費苦心，堅韌不拔，總算從他們那里弄來了我需要的信息。② The old lady had taken great pains with her hair.這老太太在頭發上花了一番工夫。③ She took great pains to show me how the computer worked.她努力向我展示這臺計算機的工作原理。

【注】in pain是“痛苦”“疼痛”之意，通常作表語，with pain是“疼痛地” “痛得”之意，用作狀語。如：① The soldier Was wounded, and in pain.這名戰士受傷了，疼得很。② The boy Was crying with pain after he broke his arm.這男孩摔斷胳膊后疼得哭叫起來。【注】也可作動詞用，意為“使心痛(痛苦)”“使苦惱”。如：① It pained me to watch them quarrel.看見他們爭吵我很難受。② On nights like this, his wounded foot pained him.在這樣的夜晚，他的傷腳就作痛。③ My tooth doesn't pain me now.我的牙齒現在不痛了。8.? the many sacrifices of the Civil Rights Movement.許多人在民權運動中所作出的犧牲。(p.43 Reading 第一段倒數第4行)▲ sacrifice(1)n.[U]供奉，獻祭，祭祀 the sacrifice of an ox to Jupiter.用牛祭祀朱庇特。(2)[C]供品，祭品，犧牲 Kill a sheep as a sacrifice.宰羊用作祭品。

(3)[U]放棄某事物(通常是重要或有價值的東西)Getting rich isn't worth the sacrifice of your principles.為致富而犧牲原則是不值得的。He became a top sports-man at some sacrifice to himself.他付出了些代價才成為優秀的運動員。(4)[C]犧牲的事物 Her parents made many sacrifices so that she could go to university.她父母為她上大學在多方面作了犧牲。

(5)v.供奉，獻祭，犧牲某物 She sacrificed her career to marry him.她為了嫁給他

犧牲了自己的事業。The car's designers have sacrificed comfort to economy.汽車設計人員為降低造價舍棄了汽車舒適方面的一些設想。I'm not sacrificing my day off just to go shopping with Jane.我可不愿意犧牲一天休假日單單陪簡去買東西。

9.The wounds are slow to heal and the scars run deep.傷口很難愈合，傷疤很深。(p.43 Reading 第一段 倒數第3行)▲在作表語的形容詞后的不定式，如果不帶賓語，則與句子的主語往往有一種邏輯上的動賓關系，如本句to heal邏輯上的賓語是句子的主語the wounds；若該不定式動詞是不及物動詞，則其后應加上適當的介詞，與主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系，請體會下列例句的意思和結構。① Your writing is impossible to read.你的書法沒法認。② My car is hard to start in cold weather.我的車天冷時很難發動。③ Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你認為這水喝起來安全嗎? ④ The food is not fit to eat.這食品不適合吃。

【注】上述例句中，不定式動詞均為及物動詞，其邏輯賓語是句子的主語，若不定式動詞為不及物動詞，則需加一介詞。如：① The room is comfortable to live in.這房間住起來很舒服。② Mr Turner is easy to get along with.特納先生很容易相處。③ The bench is long enough to sleep on.這凳子很長，可以在上面睡覺。▲run此處為連系動詞(常作連系動詞)，后接形容詞，意為“變得”(進入或達到某一狀態)。如: ① The fiver was beginning to run dry.河水開始干涸起來。② They had to return to camp because their food supply was running low.因為糧食不夠了，他們只好返回營地。③ You mustn't let the children run wild and do exactly what they like.你不要讓孩子們毫無約束，愛干什么就干什么。④ Prices for fruit are running high this season.這個季節的水果價格上漲了。⑤ As the fuel ran short, the plane was forced to land.由于燃料快要用完，飛機被迫降落。

【注】(1)負責(某事物)，經營，管理 He has no idea of how to run a successful business.他不知道把企業辦好的辦法。Stop trying to run my life for me!我的生活不用你來管。(2)(使某物)動轉，起作用。Your new car seems to run very nicely.你的新車開起來不錯。

(3)(指公共汽車等)(沿一固定路線)往來行駛。Buses to Oxford run every half an hour.去牛津的公共汽車每半個小時一班。The trains don't run on Christmas Day.圣誕節火車停駛。

(4)run還有“內容為??”之意。如：① He received a note which ran as follows.他收到一個條子，內容如下。② The story runs like this.故事大致內容如下。③ This is how the song runs.這首歌曲是這樣唱的。

10.Even today, the South is far behind the rest of the United States in areas such as education and economic development.甚至到今天，南部在教育和經濟發展方面都遠遠落后于美國其他州。(p.43 Reading 第一段倒數第2行)▲ behind prep.(1)在或向(某人，物)后面 Who is the girl standing behind Richard? 站在理查德后面的那個姑娘是誰? She glanced behind her.她向身后瞥了一眼。The accident is behind you now.事情已過去了，別再想它了。

(2)落后于?? Britain is behind Japan in developing modern technology.在發展現代技術方面英國落后于日本。(3)支持(人，物)，贊成 My family is right behind me in my ambition to become a doctor.我的家人對于我立志從醫很贊同。

11.There are signs that a new, different south is coming out of its dark past.有跡象表明，從黑暗的過去中將誕生出一個嶄新的，完全不同的南方。(p.43 Reading 第二段 第2行)▲ come out of意為“有??的結果”。如：① Nothing came out of this talk.這次會

議沒有產生任何結果。② Well, what came out of your careful planning?喂，你那樣精心籌劃的結果怎樣? ③ No one can say what will come out of the discussion.誰也說不上討論會有什么結果。

【注】come out后接不同的介詞表示不同的意思。如come out with意為“說出來”“講出”“發表”。如： ① If you have anything in your mind, I want you to come out with it.你要是有什么想法，我希望你說出來。② He came out with some funny ideas.他提出了一些可笑的想法。③ That year they came out with another article.那一年他們又發表了一篇文章。

【注】come out意為“出版?出來”。如：① The magazine comes out once a month.這本雜志每月出一期。② The truth has come out at last.真相終于大白。

【注】 come out還有“開花”“褪色”“罷工”等意思，要根據句意來推測其確切的意思。如：① I think the roses will come out next week.我想玫瑰下星期要開了。② Will the color come out if the cloth is washed? 這布洗了會褪色嗎? ③ The dockers have come out on strike.碼頭工人罷工了。④ How did the film come out? 這片子拍得怎樣? 12.Atlanta was burnt down in the Civil War.亞特蘭大在內戰中被燒毀。(p.43 Reading 第二段 第4行)▲ burn down意為“燒掉”“焚毀”，既可作及物動詞，也可作不及物動詞。如：① The school building was burned down in that big fire.在那場大火中，學校大樓被燒毀。② The whole village was burned down bv the enemy.整個村莊都被敵人燒毀了。③ The woodshed burnt down in half an hour.小木屋半個小時就燒毀了。

【注】burn down所指的“燒毀”多是指將高大的物體燒毀，燒塌，而 burn up也有“燒掉”“燒毀”之意，其范圍比burn down要廣，既可指建筑物被燒毀，也可指其他的東西被燒毀，燒掉。如：① All his books were burnt up in the fire.他所有的書都在這場火災中被焚。② The fire burnt up mole than ￡500000 worth of antiques.這次大火燒毀了價值五十萬的古董。③ The house burned up before the firemen got there.還沒等消防人員來到，那房子就燒毀了。

【注】請注意burn down。burn up burning與burn out的區別，后者意為 “燒完”“燒壞”“燒盡”。如：① The fire burned out for lack of fuel.由于沒有燃料，火滅掉了。② Her enthusiasm seems to have burned out.她的熱情似乎已耗盡了。③ The poet's ability burnt itself out before he was thirty.詩人的才能還不到三十歲就枯竭了。

【注】burn out也可表示將建筑物或其他物體燒掉。如：The building was burned out and only walls remained.大樓被焚毀，只剩下殘壁。

13.Atlanta quickly recovered from the destruction caused by the Civil War.亞特蘭大很快從戰爭的破壞中恢復過來。(p.43 Reading 第三段 第1行)▲recover在本課中作不及物動詞用，通常與from連用，意為“從??中恢復”；作及物動詞用時，意為“恢復”，通常與from連用，意為 “從??中恢復”。如： ① A healthy child quickly recovers from a fever.健康的孩子發了燒很快就會好。② The athlete soon recovered his breath after the final dash.這位運動員在沖刺之后很快就呼吸正常了。③ She had not yet recovered from the shock.她還沒有完全從驚嚇中恢復過來。④ Don't go back to work until you have fully recovered.等你痊愈了，再去上班。

【注】 recover與反身代詞連用時意為“鎮定下來”“恢復原樣”。如: ① She soon recovered herself and stopped crying.不一會兒，她冷靜下來，不再哭了。② The skater stumbled but at once recovered himself.滑冰的人絆了一下，但立即恢復了平衡。③ She made a great effort to recover herself.她極力使自己鎮定下來。

【注】recover “恢復(能力，健康等)” I'm slowly recovering my strength after a flu.流感以后我身體慢慢恢復。She recovered her consciousness.她已恢復了知覺。

【注】recover還有“重新找到” “找回(被盜，遺失之物)重新獲得某事物” “收復(回)”之意。如: ① Recently a man-made satellite we sent up has been recovered.最近我們發射的一顆人造衛星已返回地面。② The police helped them to recover their stolen jewellery.警察幫助他們把被竊的珠寶找回來了。③ The boy recovered his football from the neighbour's lawn.男孩從鄰居的草坪上找回了自己的足球。

【注】重新控制(自己，行為，情緒)She recovered herself and smiled.她恢復了常態笑了笑。The murderer never recovered his peace of mind.這個殺手心里從沒有平靜過。【注】重新獲得(金錢，時間，地位)They sought to recover damages from the firm.他們設法向那家公司索取賠償金。

14.Despite the hardships of the post – war years and the Great Depression,? 不管戰后年代和大蕭條時期有多么艱難，?(p.43 Reading 第三段倒數第2行)★介詞despite的用法

▲ despite意為“不管”“任憑”，相當于in spite of，后接名詞、代詞或動詞，但語氣比后者輕，不如后者常用。如: ① He went out despite bad weather.他不管天氣惡劣出發了。② Despite the fogs we went out for a walk.盡管有霧，我們還是外出散步。③ Despite myself, Harry's remarks had caused me to stop and reflect.盡管不是我的本意，哈里的話使得我停下來想了想。④ Despite waiting to see him again, she refused to reply to his letter.盡管很想再見到他，她卻拒不答復他的來信。

【注】despite后可接what引導的從句。如: ① Despite what she says, I'll go.不管她怎么說，我也要去。② I would support him despite what he did.不管他做什么，我都支持他。【注】 despite = in spite of,故不能再與of連用;in spite of / despite + 名詞 = although + 從句

(a)The plane took off in spite of the bad weather.(= although the weather was bad)(b)The plane will take off regardless of the weather.(= no matter whether the weather is good or bad)in spite of= despite;regardless of = without considering or taking notice of 15.? but where segregation took away many of their rights.但是種族隔離制度剝奪了他們的許多權利。(p.44 Reading 第二段 第3行)▲ take away(1)在餐館買(帶回家)，帶走 Two chicken curries and rice to take away.勞駕，要兩份外賣的咖喱雞飯。

(2)(使心情等)消失 The doctor has given her some tablets to take away the pain.醫生給了他些止疼藥。Anxiety has taken away his appetite.他愁得吃不下飯。

(3)(從某處)移去，移開(某事或某物)What takes you away so early? 你為什么這么早就走? 拓展：take apart 拆開;take back 收回(諾言，話語);take down 拿下來，記下來;take in 接受；理解；欺騙;take off 脫下;take on 接受，從事(工作)；雇傭;take out 取出，拿出;take over 接管;take up 開始學習(從事活動)16.The injustice of the city and of the South led Dr King to organize non-violent demonstrations aimed at ending segregation.這座城市以及整個南方的不公正導致金博士組織非暴力的示威運動，目的是結束隔離制度。(p.44 Reading 第二段 第3 – 4行)▲lead to和lead sb.to do sth.的區別：前者是“通向”“引起”，to為介詞。后接名詞、代詞或動名詞，而后者的to是不定式的符號，是不定式作賓語補足語，意為“使得??做某事”。如: ① “Where does this road lead?” “It leads to the railway station.” “這條路通到哪里?” “通向火車站。” ② These passages lead to the rooms inside.這些走

廊通向里面的房間。③ Blindly copying others might lead to losses.盲目照搬別人的經驗可能導致損失。④ All this has led to rapid progress in industry in the area.所有這些使這個地區的工業迅速發展。⑤ That led me to think that the boy was ill.那使我想到孩子是病了。⑥ His answer led me to make further inquiries.他的回答促使我進一步調查。⑦ His amazing intelligence led him to make many discoveries.他驚人的智力使他有很多發現。

▲aim at意為“目的是”“為的是”。① I don't understand his behavior.What's he aiming at? 我不理解他的行為，他意圖何在? ② The factory must aim at increasing production.工廠必須致力于增加產量。③ He aims at perfection in everything he does.他做每一件事都力求做得盡善盡美。

【注】也可以說aim to do sth.即在aim后用不定式表示目的。如：① He aims to gain the Nobel Prize.他的目標是得到諾貝爾獎金。② We aim to produce superior goods, not large quantities.我們的目標是生產優質產品，而不是追求數量。③ The hunter aimed at the lion and fired, but missed him.獵人對著獅子開了槍，但未擊中。④ The students picked up stones and aimed them at the policemen.學生們撿起一些石頭，沖著警察投去。⑤ In saying this, I'm not aiming at you.我這話不是針對你說的。⑥ His speech was not only aimed at the older boys.他的話不光是說給那些年齡較大的男孩子聽的。⑦ We all realized who that remark was aimed at.我們心里都明白那句話是沖誰說的。

【注】aim at作“針對”解釋時，如主語是人，多用主動語態，如主語是人所說的話，所作的評論等，則常用be aimed at，見上述例句 ⑤ ⑥ ⑦。

17.The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites.這個城市目睹了黑人和白人之間一連串的沖突。(p.44 Reading 第二段 第4行)▲本句是用擬人化的手法賦予無生命的主語以人的動作，以增加句子的表現力，類似的句子有: ① The year 1949 saw the founding of the People's Republic of China.一九四九年見證了中華人民共和國的誕生。② His unselfish work is beginning to tell.他無私的工作開始產生效果。③ Her nervousness began to tell as soon as she entered the room.她一進房間就表現出緊張不安。④ My watch says it is nine already.我的表顯示已經九點了。

▲series意為“連續” “系列”，單復數相同，常用a series of表示“系 列”。如: ① They carried out a series of expe-riment to test the new drug.他們進行了一系列試驗試新藥。② The region has suffered from a series of natural disasters.該地區遭受了一連串的自然災害。③ She was invited to give a series of lectures on American politics.她被邀請就美國政治作系列講座。④ There has been a series of ear accidents at the crossing.在那個交叉路口已經發生了一連串的車禍。

【注】a series of...之后要用名詞復數，但通常整個謂語用單數。A series of books has been translated into English 一系列書被譯成了英文。

18.? and millions of Americans watched as people marched through Atlanta in honour of Dr King.千百萬美國人觀看了人們為悼念金博士而穿過亞特蘭大的游行。(p.44 Reading 第二段 倒數第3行)▲ in honour of意思是“為向??表示敬意”“為紀念(慶祝)”也可以說in sb.'s honour。如: ① A memorial was built in honour of those who died for the country.為紀念為國捐軀者建了一座紀念碑。② A holiday was declared in honour of the President's visit.為慶祝總統到來特宣布放假一日。③ Mr Mandela will attend an outdoor concert in his honour in the centre of Paris.尊敬的曼德拉先生將出席在巴黎中心舉辦的一場露天音樂會。④ The cere-mony Was held in honour of the Queen's birthday.這慶典是為慶祝女王的生日而舉行的。⑤ A memorial meeting was held in his honour.舉行了一個紀念他的集會。

【注】有關honour的用法我們學過的還有have the honour of doing sth.或it is one's honour to do sth.意為“樂于做某事”或“有幸做某 事”，do honour to或do sb.honour意思是“用??來慶祝??”或 “使某人增添光榮”。如: ① It's a great honour to meet you.認識你三生有幸。② He is one of the most interesting people I have the honour of meeting.他是我有幸認識的最有趣的人之一。③ Her behavior in such a difficult situation does her honour.她在逆境中的表現給自己增添了光榮。④ They dressed their ships with flags to do honour to the occasions.他們用旗幟把船只裝飾起來慶祝這重要的日子。

19.Dr King's efforts were not in vain.金博士的努力沒有白費。(p.44 Reading 第二段 倒數第3行)▲in vain意為“徒勞”“無效”“枉費心機”。如: ① It became obvious that all her complaints were in vain.很顯然她的所有投訴都是徒勞的。② The police tried in vain to break up the protest crowds.警察企圖驅散抗議的人群，但沒有成功。③ He wants the world to know his son did not die in vain.他想讓全世界的人都知道他的兒子沒有白死。【注】vain adj.(1)對自己(的才干等)自視過高的，自負的 She is a vain girl.她是位虛榮的女孩。He is always vain of his appearance.他對自己的容貌總很自負。

(2)無價值的，無意義的 It is vain to try to save him 試圖救他是徒然的。

(3)無結果的，徒然；無效果的，無用的 Try in vain to sleep.怎么也睡不著。The police tried in vain to break up the protest crowds.警察企圖驅散抗議的人群，但沒有成功。All our work was in vain.我們所有的工作都白費了。

【注】 vain常見的詞組還有：in a vain attempt / effort to do sth.妄圖做??但未成功，in the vain hope that未能如愿。如: ① I was singing in a vain effort to cheer him up.我本想唱支歌使他高興起來，但未能如愿。② The crazy football fans were in a vain attempt to make trouble during the match.瘋狂的球迷們妄圖在比賽期間搗亂，但沒有成功。③ He married his fourth wife, Susan, in the vain hope that she would improve his health.他跟他的第四個妻子蘇珊結了婚。，希望她能改善他的健康，但沒有如愿。20.During the Olympics, the eyes of the world were on Atlanta.在奧運會期間，全世界的目光都集中在亞特蘭大。(p.44 Reading 第三段 第3行)▲介詞on在此處作“(視，盯)在??(目標)上”解釋。如: ① Allen is eating, her eyes on her food.埃倫吃東西時兩眼盯著食物。② Jim came in, his eyes were fixed on Della as if he didn't know her.吉姆走了進來，他的眼睛盯住了黛拉好像不認識她似的。③ He fixed his eyes on something moving on the wall.他一直盯著在墻上蠕動的東西。【注】請注意on的幾種常見用法

1.on表示“關于(某個題目)”“在(某個問題)上”。如：① Write a term paper 0n Shakespeare.寫一篇關于莎士比亞的學期論文。② I differ from you on that point.在這一點上我和你看法不同。③ He is absorbed in his work on bacteria.他專心進行他關于細菌的工作。

2.on用于引申意義，表示“在??身上”“在心上”等。如: ①My mind is still on the research.我的心思仍然在這項研究上。② Have you got any money on you? 你身上帶錢了嗎? ③ I saw it on television.我是在電視上看到的。

3.表示“在......時”后跟動名詞或名詞，表示一個動作緊接著另一個動作。如: ① On reaching the city，he called up Mary.一到城里，他就給瑪麗打電話。② The boys stood up on the entrance of the headmaster.校長進來時男孩子們都站了起來。③Oh his return from Europe, he set to work again.他一從歐洲回來，就投入了工作。

4.表示原因，意為“根據”“由于”“在??下”。如: ① He did it on the instruction of the manager.他是根據經理的指示這樣做的。② I came on your invitation.我是在你 的邀請下來的。

4.表示目的。如: ①She had come on a visit to England.她來訪問英國。② The Turners had been away on a long trip.特納一家離開去長途旅行了。5.表示“靠??生活”“以??為主食”。如: ① The prisoners could not exist on bread and water.囚犯也不能單靠面包和水生活。② They lived mostly on vegetables from their garden.他們主要靠園子里的蔬菜生活。

21.? but the people there are determined to make a new beginning.但是那兒的人民決心從頭開始。(p.44 Reading 最后一段 第2行)★ 動詞determine的常見用法

▲ determine意為“決定”“決心”，后面常跟不定式或從句。如: ① They determined to stay there till the year was up.他們決定在那兒一直待到年底。② The explorer determined to set out tile next day in spite of the storm.探險者決定不顧風暴次日出發。③ Have you determined where you are going to spend the holidays? 你決定去度假的地方了嗎? ④Nobody determined what is to be done.沒有人決定下一步怎么辦。【注】determine作上述解釋時，可以跟on引導的短語。如: ① They determined on an early start.他們決定早動身。② He has determined on going tomorrow.他已決定明天去。【注】上述例句⑤⑥相當于determine后接不定式。

▲determine常用作過去分詞作表語，意為“有決定”“下定決心”，后接不定式或從句，如本課正是此用法。如: ① She was determined not follow his advice.她決定不按他的勸告辦。② He was determined that no one should know anything about it.他決定不讓任何人知道這事。③ They were determined to fight for their nation's independence and freedom to the end.他們決心為國家的獨立和自由斗爭到底。④ He was determined that his son should have a good education.他決定要讓他的兒子接受良好的教育。

▲determine有“使決定”“使下決心”之意，后接不定式作賓補。如: ① What determined you to accept the offer? 什么原因使你接受這項提議? ② His advice deter-mined me to delay no more.他的忠告使我決定不再拖延。③ Your answer determined me to do so.你的答復使我決定這樣做。

▲determine亦可作“確定”“限定”“算出”解釋。如: ① The size of your feet determines the size of your shoes.腳的大小決定鞋子的尺碼。② They determined the date for our party.他們確定了我們聚會的日期。③ The position of the earth in relation to the sun determines the seasons.地球與太陽之間的相對位置決定一年四季的變化。22.In 1996, Atlanta hosted the Olympic Games.一九九六年，亞特蘭大舉辦了奧運會。(p.44 Post-Reading E)▲此處host作動詞用，意為“主辦”“作??的主人”“接待”。如: ① Birmingham is hosting this year's trade fair.伯明翰將主辦今年的交易會。② Which country is going to host the next World Cup? 下屆世界杯由哪一個國家主辦? ③ The group was hosted by the ambassador.這一群人受到了大使的款待。

【注】 host還有“作??的節目主持人”之意，一般用于非正式場合。如: ① She's now hosting her own show.她正主持自己的節目。② Mr Smith has been hosting the show for two years.史密斯先生主持該節目有兩年了。

【注】 host作名詞用時有“主人”“東道主”“主辦(單位、國家)”之意。如: ① Apart from my host, I didn't know a single person there.除了主人外我誰都不認識。② Barcelona was chosen to be the host of the 1992 Olympic Games.巴塞羅納被選為一九九二年奧運會東道主城市。③ The host team and the guest team won each of the games, so they were even with each other.主隊和客隊各贏一場，現在他們兩隊打平了。

【注】host作名詞時是指男主人，女主人用hostess，但hostess不能作動詞用。如: My hostess

greeted me with unexpected warmth.我的女主人出乎意料地熱情歡迎我。Section III 詞匯、語法、綜合技能

23.The Native Americans lived by gathering roots, ? 美洲土族民族以采集根莖? 為生。(p.47 Integrating Skills Reading 第一段 第2行)* gather v.(1)聚集，集合，召集A crowd soon gathered.很快聚集起一群人。Gather round and listen, children!孩子們，圍過來聽我說。

(2)收集，收擾(分散的東西)Give me a moment to gather my notes together.給我些時間整理一下筆記。She gathered up her scatted belongs and left.她把自己的散亂物品收好就走了。

(3)搜集，采集(水果等)The small boy gathered mushrooms in the fields.小男孩在田中采集蘑菇。

(4)收割，收獲 The harvest has been safely gathered in.莊稼已妥善收獲完畢。(5)增加(某事物)The darkness is gathering.夜色漸濃。The car gathered speed.汽車速度逐漸加快了。

辨析：gather與collect 這兩個詞都有“聚集”的意思，gather是普通用語，指“集中起來”，既指具體的人和物，也可指抽象的印象、思維、力氣等。collect是“收集，聚集”之意，指有計劃，有選擇的收集，強調日積月累的過程，有時和gather通用。He is gathering information.他在收集信息。The clouds are gathering。and it would probably rain.云在聚集，也許要下雨。The patient is gathering strength.病人正在恢復體力。Do you collect stamps? 你集郵嗎? His work is to collect information.他的工作是收集資料。

聯想：altogether adv.完全，總共;together adv.在一起，共同;gathering n.采集，集合

24.They hunted bison, a type of wild animals which used to exist in huge numbers on the plains of America.土族民族狩獵野牛，這是一種曾經在美洲平原上大量存在過的一種野生動物。(p.47 第二段第1行)★ type和kind ▲(a)type of作“種類” “類型”解釋時，后接單數名詞，不用復數名詞，該名詞前不加任何限定詞。例如我們可以說a different type of bicycle，但不可說a different type of a bicycle(或bicycles)如: ① What type of plan is this? 這是一種什么計劃? ② The engineer designed a new type of plane.這位工程師設計了一種新型飛機。

【注】但type作“典范”解釋時，其后的名詞可以被限定詞所修飾。① Abraham Lincoln was a fine type of the American patriotism.阿巴拉罕·林肯是美國愛國史上的典范。② Liu Hulan was a fine type of the revolutionary here.劉胡蘭是革命英雄人物的典范。③ John is a fine type of school boy.約翰是學生的典范。

【注】types后面的名詞可用復數，也可用單數，但作主語時相應的謂語動詞一律用復數，與types保持一致。如: Several new types of computer(s)are on show.幾種新型的計算機正在展出。

【注】上述type的用法，亦適用于kind，即a kind of后面的名詞通常是單數，且該名詞前不用冠詞或其他限定詞，如a certain kind of rose等, 請看下列例句: ①What kind of animal is it? 這是一種什么動物? ② Is this kind of TV set made in Shanghai? 這種電視機是上海制造的嗎? 【注】kinds后的名詞既可用單數，也可用復數，但其作主語時，其后的謂語動詞應用復數，與kinds保持一致。如: ① These kinds of rose(s)are beautiful to look at.這幾種玫瑰很好看。② There are different kinds of birds in the woods and they sing beautifully.林子里有各種各樣的鳥，它們唱著悅耳動聽的歌。【注】 a kind of意為“某種”或“一種不甚明確的”。如: ① The dances of the bees are a kind of language.蜜蜂的舞蹈是一種語言。② I had a kind of suspicion that he was cheating.我有點懷疑他在欺騙。

【注】kind of常用在口語中，作狀語修飾動詞，意為“有點”“有幾分”。① I kind of thought he would come.我似乎感到他會來的。② I kind of thought this would happen.我似乎預感到此事會發生。

25.? while their fur provided warm clothing during cold winters.冬天取其皮毛御寒。(p.47 第二段第5行)★動詞provide的用法

▲provide意為“提供”“供給”，在provide sb.后常接with介詞短語，表示所提供的事物。在provide sth.后常接for sb.，表示向誰提供。如: ①This book will provide you with the information you need.這本書會向你提供你所需要的信息。② Food and drink were provided for all of them.向他們全體提供了食物和飲料。③ That hotel provides good meals.那家旅館伙食很好。④ These rivers provide water flor irrigation.這些河流提供了灌溉用水。

【注】 provide亦可作“預防”“作好準備”“提供生計”解釋，常與against或 for連用。如: ① We have to provide against accidents.我們必須做好應付事故的準備。② They had to provide for their old age.他們得積攢點錢以備在老年時用。③ We will see that au the old folks are provided for from now on.從現在起，我們要做到老有所養。④ He has a large family to provide for.他需贍養一大家子人。

【注】 provide還有“規定”之意。如: They enjoy all the rights provided in the constitution.他們享有憲法所規定的一切權利。

【注】 provide的過去分詞可引導條件狀語從句，從句中的謂語動詞用一般時態，而不用將來時。如: ① You may keep the book another week provided that no one else requires it.只要沒有別人要這本書，你還可再借一個星期。② Provided that no objection is raised, we shall hold the meeting here.如果沒有人反對，我們就在這里開會了。

【注】provided that中的that有時可省略。如:He should be home soon provided the buses haven't been held up.只要汽車沒誤點，他應該就要到家了。

26.From about 1830 onwards in the USA,...在美國從大約一八三O年起。(p.47 第三段第1行)▲onwards與on同義，后綴-wards常用來構成副詞，表示方向，如: eastwards，westwards，southwards，northwards，forwards，backwards，upwards，downwards等。① From now on, we'll study harder than before.從現在起，我們要比以前更努力地學習。② They went on sailing eastwards, until they saw the land.他們不斷地向東航行，終于看到了陸地。③ From 1990 onwards, the seaside town began to take on a new look.從一九九O年起，這個海濱小城開始展現新的面貌。④ From 1993 onwards, they tried again and again to go across the desert on foot.從一九九三年起，他們多次努力要徒步穿過沙漠。⑤ Get back!Step forward and I'll fire.回去!再向前的話我就開槍了。

27.Settlers made agreements with native American chiefs.移民者和土著人頭領達成協議。(p.47 第三段第5行)▲agreement此處作可數名詞，意為“協議”，常與arrive，reach，keep，break，make，sign等動詞連用。如: ① The two countries signed an agreement on nuclear weapons.兩國簽訂了一項關于核武器的協議。② I'm sorry you couldn't arrive at an agreement.很遺憾你們不能達成協議。③ Many agreements have been made between the two countries.兩國之間簽訂了很多協議。

【注】agreement可以后接不定式或從句表示agreement的內容作定語 ① We reached an agreement with them to cooperate fully at all time.我們與他們達成在任何情況下都合作的協議。② The negotiators came to an agreement that all troops would be withdrawn.談判者達成協議，撤出所有部隊。

【注】 agreement可用作不可數名詞，意為“意見(或目的等)”“一致”“同意”。如: ① The two sides failed to reach agreement.雙方未能達成共識。② We are in agreement with their decision.我們同意他們的決定。③ We are in full agreement with them on all points.在所有方面我們和他們看法完全一致。④ There's little agreement as to what our policies should be.關于我們該采取什么政策，意見很不一致。⑤ We have to get their agreement before we go ahead with the plan.在進行這項計劃之前，我們必須得到他們的同意。28.While early settlers had killed bison for food, ? 早期的移民宰殺野牛是為了充饑?(p.47 Integrating Skills Reading 第四段 第2行)* while conj.在??的同時，當??的時候

(1)while與延續性動詞連用，而when既可與延續性動詞也可與終止性動詞連用。

(2)表示一個人的兩個動作交替或同時進行時，多用as表示“一邊??，一邊??”；when很少用于這種情況。

(3)當表示兩個同步發展的情況時，多用as而不用when或while。(4)當表示兩個短促行為或事件幾乎同時發生時，用as要多于用when。

(5)while用作并列連詞，連接一個并列句，意為“而，卻”，表示前后意義上的對比和轉折。While he was reading，he fell asleep.他在讀書的時候睡著了。He came while we were having dinner.我們在吃晚飯時他來了。When he came, we were having supper.他來時，我們正吃晚飯。(不能用while)When / While I was sleeping, a thief broke in我睡覺時，小偷撬門而入。He looked behind from time to time as he went.他一邊走，一邊不時地向后看。She dances as she sings.她一邊唱歌，一邊跳舞。As time went on / by, she became more and more worried.隨著時間的推移，她變得越來越煩躁不安。As children get older，they are getting more and more interested in things about them.隨著孩子們年齡的增長，他們對周圍的事物越來越感興趣。Just as he caught the flying worm, he gave a loud cry.他剛抓住那只飛蟲，就大聲地叫了起來。I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.我剛想起，你就開口說了出來。Some people are rich while others are poor.有些人富，有些人窮。I'm interested in sports while my brother is fond of music.我對體育很感興趣，而我的弟弟愛好音樂。

29.They killed the bison, cut off the skins and left the bodies behind to rot.他們把野牛殺了，剝去牛皮，拋棄尸體，任其腐爛。(p.47 Integrating Skills Reading 第四段 第4行)★leave...behind的兩種用法

▲leave...behind作“留下”解釋，是執行者有意識的動作。如: ① The men had all run away leaving only old women and children.男人們都跑了，只留下年老的婦女和孩子。② I shall leave you behind if you are not quick.如果你不快點，我就把你丟在后面不管了。③ In their withdrawal，much of the heavy equipment had to be left behind.他們在撤退時不得不留下許多笨重的東西。④ His wife left behind two little girls.他妻子死后留下兩個小女孩。⑤ You'll have to put in some extra work at night if you don't want to get left behind.如果你不想被別人超過，就必須利用晚上時間做更多的工作。

▲leave behind還有“遺忘” “遺留”之意，為執行者無意識的動作。如: ① 0h，dear!The travelling bag has been left behind.唉呀!旅行袋忘了拿了。② It left behind a long train of problems and difficulties.這遺留下一連串問題和困難。③ I have left my keys behind

at the office.我把鑰匙忘在辦公室里了。

30.With fewer bison, grass shoots were not eaten, ? 因為野牛少了，嫩草沒有牛吃，?(p.47 Integrating Skills Reading 最后一段 第1行)▲ with(1)表原因 My hand were blue with cold.我的雙手凍得發紫。The captain was beef-red with anger.上尉氣得滿臉通紅。The boy trembled with fear.這男孩害怕得 發抖。

(2)(表示方式等)??地，??著，以?? You must handle this parcel with care.這個包裹你須小心輕放。He speaks English with ease and fluency.她說英語不費力而且流利。She performed the operation with great skill.她極為熟練地給病人施行手術。

(3)(表示工具，手段等)用 Did you write with a pen or pencil? 你用鋼筆寫還是用鉛筆寫? It’s best to draw lines with a ruler.用尺子劃線最合適。

31.? which as a result became less good for growing plants.這就越來越不適合植物的生長。(p.47 最后一段第4行)★as a result和as a result of ▲as a result意為“因此”“所以”，后面的內容表示結果，而as a result of則意為“因為(由于)??”，of后面的內容表示原因；請對照下列例句，辨析這兩個詞組之間的差別。① My car broke down and as a result, I was unable to get there.我的車出了故障，因此我沒能到那里去。② The flight was delayed as a result of fog.因有霧，該航班誤點。③ We went on walking in spite of the rain, as a result, we all got a bad cold.我們不顧下雨繼續往前走，結果都得了重感冒。④ He was late as a result of the traffic jam.由于交通阻塞，他遲到了。

【注】as a result后面常接一個分句，as a result of常接名詞、代詞或動名詞。

32.? , and the insects which lived on these plants died out.原來靠那些植物衛生的昆蟲也都死了。(p.47 最后一段第3行)★die out的含義

(1)(指家族, 物種)死光, 滅絕, 絕跡 These animals have already died out.這些動物已經絕種。

(2)(指習俗，做法)消失，過時 ① The old traditions are dying out.舊傳統正在消失。② That style of music died out ten years ago.那種音樂十年前就聽不到了。(3)作熄滅解，out為副詞。The fire has died out.火熄了。

拓展：die away 消逝，平息，靜下來;die down平息，熄滅;die for 迫切想要;die from 由于??而死;die off 一個個死掉，絕種

【注】 注意die out與die away的區別，后者主要指風、聲、光等自然現象逐漸停止、消失。如: ① The wind has died away again.風又停了。② The sound of the car died away in the distance.汽車的聲響在遠處消逝。

【注】die out意為“消亡”“滅絕”，而die off則意為“(一個一個)地死亡”。如: ① The leaves of this plant are dying off.這株植物的葉子正在一片一片地凋謝。② The deer in the forest are dying off from disease.森林中的鹿正因疾病而陸續死亡。

33.This in turn had an effect on the food supply for wolves.這樣反過來又影響了狼的食物供應。(p.47 最后一段第2行)▲in turn意為“依次”“逐個地”“轉而”“反過來”。如: ① Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理論以實踐為基礎，反過來又為實踐服務。② We'll cross the bridge in turn.我們將挨個過橋。③ The students answered the teacher's questions in turn.學生們依次回答老師的問題。④ The boys were summoned in turn to see the examiner.男孩們被依次叫進去見考官。⑤ He spends too much time on maths, and this in turn affects the progress of his other subjects.他在數學上花的時間太多，這同時影

響他的其他學科的進步。

【注】以上用法中的turn不能用作復數。

【注】 take turns at(或in)doing sth.意為“輪流做某事”，相當于do sth.in turn。注意兩短語中名詞的單復數。① Mary and Helen took turns at sitting up with their sick mother.瑪麗和海倫輪流熬夜陪伴她們生病的母親。② The athletes took turns in singing songs and reciting poems.運動員們一個接一個地唱歌和朗誦詩。

【注】 turn也可解釋為“短時間的活動”, 相當于a short period of activity, turn在這里作可數名詞用。如: ① I'll take a few hams round the deck before I go to bed.就寢之前我要在甲板上散一會兒步。② I'll take a turn at the oars now if you want a rest.如果你要休息，我來劃一會兒漿。

拓展：take one's turn 輪班(做某事);take turns 輪流(做某事);by turns 輪流;on the turn 將好轉

第四篇：九年級英語Unit12教案

2014九年級

Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.Section A 1(1a-2d)重點短語

by the time? 在??以前 give?a lift 捎??一程 in line with（與??）成一排 show up 出現，露面 by the end of 到??末為止 April Fool’s Day 愚人節 costume party 化裝舞會 sell out 賣光 get dressed 穿好衣服

play tricks on sb.play jokes on sb.和某人開玩笑 lose weight 減肥

end up doing 以做 ??而告終 invite sb onto the show 邀請某人上節目 have a happy ending 有一個快樂的結局 rather than / instead of 而不是 on the radio program 在廣播節目中 on the earth 在地球上，在世界上 thousands of 成千上萬的 run out of 用光 run away from 從??逃跑

重點句子：

Life is full of the unexpected.I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.As I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard a loud sound.Before I cold join the others outside to see what was going on, the first

2014九年級

plane had already hit my office building.知識點詳解：

1.Life is full of the unexpected.unexpected adj.出乎意料的；始料不及的

e.g.It will not be unexpected if Tom comes late again, because he is always like this.2.By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.by the time 在??以前,常引導表示過去的時間狀語從句，主句常用過去完成時，即had+動詞過去分詞

e.g.By the time I got there, he had already left.在我到那兒之前，他已經離開了。

3.So I just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out the door.rush out 沖出去, 沖出??

e.g.Henry rushed out the room and disappeared in the rain.亨利沖出房間, 消失在了雨中。如果湯姆又遲到了，一點也不意外，因為他一向如此。

Julia rushed out and didn’t return.朱麗葉沖了出去, 再沒回來。

4.Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car.gave ?a lift 捎??一程，讓......搭便車

e.g.Could you give me a lift, please? 請問你能否捎我一程？ Jim gave me a lift on my way home yesterday.吉姆昨天在回家的路上捎了我一程。

Section A 2(3a-3c)

2014九年級

5.I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.be about to 忙于；即將做某事。側重于表示動作馬上就要發生，常與when引導的從句連用，但不與具體的時間狀語連用。

e.g.One of my friends is about to have her second baby.我的一個朋友馬上就要生第二個小孩了。

6.I went to my favorite coffee place even though it was two blocks east from my office.even though 即使，雖然，盡管，用于引導讓步狀語從句。

block n.街區

e.g.He’s the best teacher, even though he has the least experience.他雖然經驗最少，卻是最好的老師。

7.We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building.stare v.盯著看，凝視

表示看得比較仔細，有時候也帶有吃驚的意味去看，常與at, into連用。e.g.Don’t stare at me like that.別那樣盯著我看。in disbelief 不相信，疑惑，懷疑

e.g.Tamara stared at him in disbelief, shaking her head.塔瑪拉一邊狐疑地盯著他看，一邊搖著頭。

She looked at him in disbelief.她全然不信地看著他。above prep.1)（表示位置）在?正上方；高于”（與 below相對）。e.g.That big high-rise above us is where Brian lives.我們上面的那座摩天大樓就是布賴恩住的地方。

He lifted his hands above his head.他將雙手舉過頭頂。

2)表示在地位、級別、能力、資歷、重要性等方面“超過”、“在??之上”、“比??強”。

2014九年級

e.g.He is above the others in ability.他的能力優于其他人。He is above me in every way.他各個方面都比我強。3)adv.在上面

e.g.There are snowy peaks above.上面是白雪皚皚的群峰。See the examples given above.見上述例子。burn v.著火，燃燒

(burnt, burnt / burned, burned)burning adj.著火的；燃燒的

e.g.Ouch!The sand is so hot!I can burn my feet.哎喲！沙子這么燙！會燙傷腳的。He was trapped in a burning house.他被困在正在燃燒的房屋里。

8.I felt lucky to be alive.alive 一般作表語；也可以作后置定語或賓補。“活(著)的；在世的；(繼續)存在的”；反義詞是dead。

e.g.Do you know she’s alive? 你知道她還活著嗎？

People alive should try their best to live better.(后置定語)活下來的人應該盡力生活得更好。Tom was kept alive in the big fire.(賓補)湯姆在這次大火中活下來了。易混辨析 alive, living, lively alive “活著的”，在句中常作表語或定語。作表語時，常可與 living互換；作定語時，常要放在被修飾詞之后。living“活著的”，在句中用作表語或定語。lively“活潑的”，在句中可作表語或定語。

9.But by the time I got to the airport, my plane to New Zealand had already taken off.2014九年級

airport n.機場

take off 脫掉； 起飛

e.g.He took off his hat and bowed as he passed.他經過時脫帽鞠躬。We eventually took off at 11 o’clock and arrived in Venice at 1:30.我們終于在11點起飛，1:30 到達威尼斯。

課堂練習：

1.我在動物園里見過活鱷魚。

I have seen a _____ crocodile in the zoo.2.他是那場火災中唯一活下來的人。

He is the only person ____ in the fire.3.露西是個活潑的孩子，大家都喜歡她。

Lucy is a _____ child and everyone likes her.4.The boy ____________________(正要開始)but someone spoke first.5.Hurry up.The train ______________(馬上就要開了).Keys: living, alive, lively, was just about to begin, is about to start

單元語法：

掌握過去完成時時態，結構及用法。

2.過去完成時用法：

(1)構成：由“助動詞had(用于各種人稱和數)+ 過去分詞”構成否定式：had not + 過去分詞

縮寫形式：hadn’t(2)用法：過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作。

(3)它所表示動作發生的時間是“過去的過去”。

① 表示過去某一時間可用by, before 等構成的短語來表示。

2014九年級

② 也可以用when, before 等引導的時間狀語從句來表示。③ 還可以通過狀語從句或通過上下文暗示。例如：

When I got there, you had already eaten your meal.當我到達那里時，你已經開始吃了。

By the time he got here, the bus had left.在他到達那里之前，汽車已經離開了。

第五篇：七年級英語下冊Unit12 Don

七年級英語下冊Unit12 Don’t eat in class.泰來二中：劉麗

我講課的內容是人教社出版的七年級英語下冊Unit12 Don’t eat inClass.Section A的部分內容。根據新課程標準強調學生的學習過程，重視語言學習的實踐性和應用性，并以全體學生的全面發展為出發點，我對教材進行從新的分析和整合，下面我就從教材分析、教學方法和手段、教學流程，教學評價等幾方面來談談我本節課的教學思路，并與大家共同探討。并希望得到各位評委的指正。

一、教材分析和處理

1、教材的地位和作用。

根據新課程標準，初一階段要求學生能用了解學校家庭的規章制度，并了解西方國家獨特的規章制度，擴大視野，拓展知識面。而本單元的教學重點是使學生正確理解掌握這些知識并能夠靈活的運用他們。而我所講的這節課在本單元中起著拋磚引玉的作用，所以說這一節課完成的好壞，直接影響到本單元的授課效果。

2、教學目標，重、難點的確立及依據。

英語課堂教學的目標是通過通過英語學習形成初步的綜合的語言運用能力，促進心智發展，提高綜合人文素養。本節課的教學目標通過聽、說、讀、寫四項基本技能的訓練，培養學生初步運用英語進行交際的能力。因此本節課的教學目標包括知識目標，過程與方法及情感態度價值觀三個方面。即通過學生學習掌握祈使句的構成及用法，并通過自主學習，合作學習能夠準確的制定一些規章制度，從而

培養學生良好的行為習慣。

二、教學方法和手段

1、教學方法。

本節課我除了采取以提綱導學為主自主學習的方法外，同時還采取小組合作，競賽等方法，通過多種方法的配合使用，既調動了學生學習的熱情、活躍了課堂氣氛，也使整節課達到了預期的教學效果。

2、教學手段。

本節課我充分利用網絡資源，在課前我下載了大量的課件，并將他們從新整合，以達到我所想要的教學效果。通過課件的展示，讓學生對課內容有個初步認識，再以此為依據順利開展接下來的教學環節。這種先進教學手段的使用，不僅豐富了課堂教學內容，也極大地調動學生學習的興趣，使學生學習起來既積極思維而不緊張，既輕松愉快而不懈怠，達到了教與學的有效對接。

三、教學流程

1、新課導入。

本節課的內容是圍繞談論校規展開的，在上課前幾分鐘內，我讓學生學唱一首根本課內容有關的英文歌曲，在新授課開始前我讓學生進行例行值日生報告，因為是學習新的話題，所以在課前我就為作報告的的同學設置一個有關如何做一個合格的中學生的題目，并對他的報告做出非常肯定的評價并讓其他同學以此為榜樣。這樣做從一開始就吸引住了學生的注意力，也讓我自然而然地導入本節課所要學的內容。

2、實施目標。

本節課的教學目標在前面我已經提到，為了更好的完成教學目標我主要設計了如下幾個小環節;

(1)學習新單詞及短語

記憶新單詞一直是學生比較頭疼的問題，為更好地解決這一問題，在課前我讓學生自己先預習本節課單詞，在課上，我首先利用多媒體課件展示這些新詞，然后在通過競賽方式檢查學生的掌握情況，這樣做可調動學生記憶單詞的熱情，也使枯燥知識也變得直觀，生動和有趣，學生學習起來比較輕松。

（2）分析、講解本節課的重難點內容。

本節課重點知識是講解祈使句，及else的用法。為了便于學生更好地理解和掌握所學知識，我采取了成成深入的辦法。首先出示兩張張圖片，讓學生討論，并對學生進行思想教育，接下來又展示一組不同的圖片讓學生做兩人一組的對話、然后讓學生以搶答的方式復習剛剛學過的內容。通過這樣的反復練習，學生已經初步通過本節課知識點。接下來我讓學生拿出本節課的導學提綱，來檢查學生的自主學習情況，對學生在導學提綱中不完善的地方加以補充和說明。這樣的做法一方面增加了課堂容量，學生活動范圍廣，學習熱情高，也培養了學生自主學習的意識，更便于教師了解掌握學生的學習情況。

3）聽力訓練。

我們知道這套教材非常重視聽力訓練，尤其在每單元開始的部分，這也體現出英語教學的實效性。本節課我把聽訓練放在重要位置。首先，我利用大屏幕展示說要聽的材料內容，然后放錄音，讓學生根據所聽內容完成習題，最后在核對答案。這樣，通過教師的引導，不僅幫助學生掌握正確的聽力方法，而且也培養了學生良好的聽力習慣。

（4）鞏固訓練。

鞏固訓練是對學生所學知識的一種檢查。本節課的鞏固訓練，我主要采用做調查形式。即設計情景，讓學生以小組合作的形式進行，并且要求學生結合本課所學內容，完成調查表，這一活動不僅調動了學生學習的積極性，同時也進一步加深了學生學習的印象，收到了事半功倍的效果。

以上四個小步驟是實施目標階段，在實施目標階段結束后，就進入了教學程序的第四個環節。

4、達標測試。

達標測試是學生在感知和理解的基礎上，進一步鞏固其所學知識，達到熟練運用程度。

5、反饋矯正。

通過提問的方式，對達標測試中出現的問題及時進行矯正，這一環節有助教師了解教學效果和學生的掌握情況，所以是教學環節中不可缺少的必要的組成部分。

6、歸納總結。

這一環節旨在幫助學生復習、鞏固所學英語語言知識和技能。在這一環節中，我主要采用了提問的方式，這樣一方面進一步強化了學生對新學內容的記憶，另一方面也可以發現問題，以便及時采取補救措施。

7、布置作業。

本節課作業要求學生根據所學內容寫一篇有關家規的文章，目的是為檢查本節課的授課效果，拓展所學知識，同時也再一次對學生進教育，培養學生良好的行為習慣，從而達到情感教育的目的，并實現本節課的情感目標

四、教學評價

在整個教學過程中，通過不同環節的設計，不僅拓展了教學內容，也增加了課堂容量。多媒體課件的使用，曾添了趣味性，也符合初一學生的年齡特點。學生通過做游戲、小組合作，自主學習也表現了很高的參與性，但同時也存在著一些缺憾：由于課堂時間有限，調查報告當堂檢驗組數應增加，這也提醒我在以后的教學活動中要更進一步去研究、去完善，力爭做得更好。