第一篇:滬教版深圳市九年級下冊英語中考復習狀語從句.教案 葉碧潔
狀語從句
授課教師:葉碧潔
授課時間:5月14日
時間狀語從句when, while, as, before, after, till/until, since,whenever
地點狀語從句where, wherever
原因狀語從句because, since, as, for
目的狀語從句so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that
方式狀語從句as, as if / though
結果狀語從句so/such…that…, so that
條件狀語從句if, unless, in case, as long as, provided(that), providing, supposed(that), supposing
讓步狀語從句although, though, as, even if(though)
通過上表可知,某些詞匯可以引導不同類型的狀語從句,例如so that既可以引導目的狀語從句也可以引導結果狀語從句(兩者所表示的含義恰好相反);as引導狀語從句時有四種可能——as可以引導時間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、方式狀語從句和讓步狀語從句,要根據具體語境來確定這些詞匯的實際含義。
狀語從句在復合句中作狀語,其位置較靈活,可以在主句之前、之后或中間(放在句首時狀語從句后面常用逗號,放在句末時狀語從句前面往往不用逗號)。根據狀語從句的含義,狀語從句主要分為時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、方式狀語從句、結果狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句等八種。掌握以上各種狀語從句的關鍵在于把握其相應的引導詞 1.地點狀語從句的用法
地點狀語從句表示地點、方位,這類從句通常由where引導。例如:Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者,事竟成。// They will go where they are happy.他們想到他們覺得快樂的地方去。2.時間狀語從句用法總結
時間狀語從句的引導詞所表示的意思不盡相同,要注意把握不同的時間狀語從句的引導詞所表示的不同時間關系,以及它在具體句子中對應的對應時態、語態等問題。
1.when、as、while引導的時間狀語從句分析:
(1)when引導時間狀語從句時表示“當……的時候”,when既可以指時間段也可指時間點,從句中既可用延續性動詞又可用非延續性動詞,且動作既可和主句的動作同時發生又可在主句的動作之前或之后發生,注意體會如下例句:I’ll call you when I get there.我一到那里就給你打電話。// When the wind blows, all the doors rattle.只要風一吹,這門就吱嘎作響。// He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time.他不再試了,其實他可能下一次就成功。// When I came home my wife was cooking dinner.我回家時,妻子在做晚飯。
如果when引導的時間狀語從句的主語與主句主語相同,而從句的謂語又是be動詞時,那么從句中的主語和be可以省略;當when引導的時間狀語從句的主語與主句主語相同時,往往還可以用“when+分詞”的形式替代該狀語從句。例如:When(you are)in trouble, ask her for help.當你遭遇麻煩的時候去向她求助。// When I came into the room(=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep.當我進入房間的時候,我發現他躺在那兒睡著了。
(2)while引導時間狀語從句時表示“當……的時候”,它強調主句的動作與從句的動作同時持續地進行,用于這一用法時while引導的時間狀語從句和主句中的謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞,或者主句的動作發生在從句動作的進行過程中,主句中的謂語動詞通常是非延續性動詞,例如:Study while you study;play while you play.該學習的時候就學習,該玩的時候就玩。// I met her while I was at school.當我在學校的時候我遇見了她。
(3)as引導時間狀語從句時表示“當……時,一邊……一邊……”,側重表示兩個動作同時發生(包括一個主語同時進行兩個動作),或者一種動作隨著另一種動作的變化而變化。例如:He jumps as he goes along.他邊走邊跳。// I slipped on the ice as I ran home.我跑回家時在冰上滑了一跤。// I saw him as he was getting off the bus.正當他下公共汽車時, 我看見了他。// As the wind rose the noise increased.刮風的時候噪聲增大。
2.before和after 引導的時間狀語從句分析:
before引導時間狀語從句時表示主句的動作發生在從句動作之前,after引導時間狀語從句時表示主句的動作發生在從句動作之后。例如:See me before you leave.在你離開之前來見我。// Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test.在駕駛公共汽車之前,他們必須通過專門測驗。// I saw them after I arrived.在我抵達之后,我見到了他們。// I found his pen after he has left.在他走后,我找到了他的筆。
3.till和 until 引導的時間狀語從句分析: /4
till和 until這兩個詞作連詞和介詞時的意義和用法相同,一般可以換用(放在句首時通常用until的形式,till在口語中更為常見)。till和 until引導時間狀語從句時跟主句里肯定形式或否定形式的、表示延續性動作的謂語動詞連用表示“到??為止”,跟主句里否定形式的、表示非延續性動作的謂語動詞連用表示“直到??才(開始)”,例如:Walk till you come to a white house.一直走到一座白房子為止。// We didn’t discuss the problem until he came back.我們一直等到他回來后才討論問題。
4.since引導的時間狀語從句分析:
since引導的時間狀語從句表示“自從……以來”,其用法主要有兩種:
(1)現在完成時的主句+since引導的一般過去時態的時間狀語從句。例如:He hasn’t been home since he graduated.他畢業后沒回過家。// They have been friends ever since they were in grade school.他們從小學起就一直是好朋友。// What have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你見面以后,你在做什么?
(2)It be(主句中謂語用一般式和用完成式區別不大,后者更具強調意味)+表示一段時間的詞匯+since引導的時間狀語從句。例如:It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我成為研究生已經有2年了。It was three years since we had been there.我們在那兒已呆了三年。
注意:since做介詞時也表示“自從……以來”,其具體用法有兩種情況:
(1)since+表示過去某個時間點的詞匯(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點)。
例如:They have been friends since childhood.他們從幼時起一直是好朋友。She’s been skiing since childhood.她從幼時起就開始滑雪。I have been there many times since the war.自那次戰爭以來,我曾去該地多次。
(2)since+表示一段時間的詞匯+ago。
例如:I have been here since five months ago.五個月以來我一直在這里。
[考題18] — What was the party like?
— Wonderful.It’s been 2 years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.A.after B.before C.when D.since
[答案] D
[解析] since表示“自從……以來”。
[考題19] They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai.A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned
[答案] C
[解析] 題干中的since表示“自從……以來”,主句中的謂語動詞應該表示從他們在上海相遇至今的持續性的動作,因此下劃線處應填入可以表示持續性狀態的have been(其他選項中的made、become、turned所表示的動作都不能延續,意味著結果)。3.原因狀語從句的用法 原因狀語從句表原因
1.because引導的原因狀語從句一般放于主句之后,because表示直接原因,語氣最強,最適合回答 why引導的疑問句。例如:I do it because I like it.我做這件事是因為我喜歡。
注意:“not...because”結構中的not否定的是because引導的整個從句,例如:The country is not strong because it is large.國強不在大。2.since引導的原因狀語從句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、顯然的理由(通常被翻譯成“既然”),較為正式,語氣比because弱。例如:Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.既然今天你休息,你最好幫我補習數學。
注意:seeing(that),now(that),considering(that),in that這幾個詞匯與since引導的原因狀語從句意思相近,都表示“既然”。例如:Seeing(that)he refused to help us, there’s no reason that we should now help him.他既然曾經拒絕幫助我們,我們現在沒有理由要來幫助他。// Now(that)you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.既然你長大了,就不應該依靠你的父母了。// Considering(that)everybody is here, let’s begin our discussion.既然大家都到了,我們就開始討論吧。// In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it.因為有病,他覺得做不了那件事。
3.as 引導原因狀語從句時表示附帶說明的“雙方已知的原因”,語氣比since弱,較為正式,位置較為靈活(常放于主句之前)。例如:As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.既然在下雨,你最好乘出租汽車。// As you are tired, you had better rest.既然累了,你最好休息一下。// I went to bed early, as I was exhausted.我睡得早,因為我筋疲力盡了。
4.for引導的原因狀語從句并不說明主句行為發生的直接原因,只提供一些輔助性的補充說明,for引導的原因狀語從句只能放于主句之后并且必須用逗號將其與主句隔開。例如:He could not have seen me, for I was not there.他不可能見過我,因為我不在那里。4.目的狀語從句的用法
目的狀語從句可以由表示“為了,以便”的so that(有時省略so),in order that和表示“以免,以防”的lest,for fear that,in case,引導lest,for fear that后的目的狀語從句一般要用“可以省略的should+動詞原形”的虛擬語氣形式;in case后的目的狀語從句多用虛擬語氣,但也可用陳述語氣)。例如:They set out early that they might arrive in time.他們早點動身,以便及時到達。// She takes notes carefully in class so that /4
she may use them when she reviews her lessons after class.她在課堂上認真記筆記,以便她能在課后很好地復習功課。// He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard.他盡力大聲叫喊,以便別人能聽見。// I will not make a noise lest I(should)disturb you.我不出聲,以免打攪你。// He is working hard for fear that he(should)fail.他認真學習,以免考不及格。// Take your umbrella in case it rains.帶上雨傘,以防下雨。
如果表示“為了,以便”的目的狀語從句的主語與主句的主語相同,可用in order to或 so as to取代該目的狀語從句,注意體會以下例句:He hurried through his work in order to catch the train.他匆匆干完手中的活,為的是能趕上火車。// I sent the plans in order for you to study them fully before the meeting.我寄上這些計劃以使你會前充分研究一下。// The desks are kept some distance apart, so as to prevent cheating.這些書桌都隔著一段距離擺放,以防作弊。// I came so early as to catch the first train.我起得早,以便能趕上頭班火車。5.條件狀語從句的用法
1.if 表示正面的條件,意為“如果”;unless(=if not)表示負面的條件,意為“除非,如果不”。例如:If you ask him, he will help you.如果你請求他,他會幫助你。// If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.要是你早來幾分鐘就碰到他了。// He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business.他一定會來,除非他有急事。
2.in case,on condition that,providing,provided(that),supposing,suppose(that)等詞匯意思相近,指“假如,假使,在……條件下”(比if更為書面化)。例如:In case he comes, let me know.如果他來的話,告訴我一聲。// I shall give you my dictionary on condition that you return it tomorrow.我將把我的字典給你,如果你明天要還的話。// I will go, providing/provided(that)my expenses are paid.只要我的費用有人付,我就去。// Suppose/Supposing(that)he does not come, what shall we do? 他要是不來,我們該怎么辦?
3.as long as(=so long as)表示充分必要條件,引導語氣強烈的條件狀語從句時,意為“只要”。例如:I will cooperate as long as I am notified on time.只要及時告訴我,我就會合作。// You may use the book so long as you will return it on time.只要你準時還,你就可以借這本書。
6.讓步狀語從句的用法一(表示“雖然,即使,盡管”)
1.although,though,even though,even if都表示“雖然,即使,盡管”之意,though 和although 語氣較弱(其中的though 比although 通俗, 不如although 正式),even if和even though 帶有強調意味而顯得語氣更強。例如:Although they are poor, they are happy.雖然他們很窮,但很快樂。// Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.天氣雖然很冷, 但他沒有穿大衣就出去了。// Though they may not succeed, they will still try.即使他們可能不會成功,但他們仍努力嘗試。// The article is very important though it is short.那篇文章雖然很短,但很重要。// He is better, though not yet cured.他好一點了,雖仍未痊愈。// Even though it was raining, she walked to work.即使下雨,她也是走著去工作的。// I’ll visit him this evening even if I can stay only a few minutes.今晚我將去拜訪他,即使我只能停留一小會兒。
注意:though 引導的讓步狀語從句的用法比較特殊,它可以倒裝,也可以不倒裝,具體用法參見as引導讓步狀語從句的用法。2.as引導讓步狀語從句表示“雖然、即使、盡管”,其引導的讓步狀語從句必須采用倒裝結構,as引導的倒裝形式的讓步狀語從句的基本結構為:形容詞/副詞/名詞(單數可數名詞前一般不帶冠詞,有時也可見單數可數名詞前形容詞與不定冠詞連用、形容詞放在不定冠詞前)/動詞/過去分詞+as+主語+謂語的其他部分。注意體會下列典型例句:Great as the author was, he proved a bad model.這位作者盡管了不起,到頭來卻成了一個壞榜樣。// Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true.這個故事看似荒唐,卻是真的。// Rich as he is, he is not happy.雖然他很富有,但他并不幸福。// Child as he is, he can tell black from white.(倒裝時要省去單個名詞前的冠詞)盡管還是個孩子,他卻能分辨黑白。// Brave(a)man as he is, he trembles at the sight of snakes.他盡管勇敢,可見到蛇還是發抖。// Badly wounded as he was, he remained quite optimistic.盡管傷勢很重,他仍然十分樂觀。// Try as he would, he could not lift the rock.雖然盡了最大努力,但是他仍然不能搬動那塊石頭。
讓步狀語從句的用法二(表示“無論, 不管”)
表示“無論,不管”的讓步狀語從句的引導詞在含義上各有側重,學習其用法時要分別進行把握。
1.“no matter+疑問詞”或“帶后綴ever的疑問詞”可以表示“不管??”的含義,引導讓步狀語從句(前一結構所表示的語氣要稍強于后一結構),例如:However(= No matter how)much I tried, I failed to work out the maths problem.無論怎么努力,我還是解不出這道數學題。// However(=No matter how)hard he may try, he will not attain his goal.無論怎樣努力,他都達不到他的目標。// Whatever(=No matter what)you say, I will not change my mind.無論你說什么,我也絕不改變主意。// Whenever(=No matter when)you come, you will be warmly welcomed.不論什么時候來,你都會受到熱烈歡迎。// Wherever(=No matter where)you go, you will find the same thing.無論到哪里,你都會發現同樣的事情。// Whoever(=No matter who)you are, you have no right to do such a thing.不管你是誰,你都無權做這種事。
2.“whether...or...”可以引導包含選擇范圍的讓步狀語從句,意為“不管??”。例如:I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home.不論你來還是留在家中,我都要去。// Whether she wins or loses, this is her last chance.不管是贏是輸,這都是她的最后一次機會。// Whether we like a particular piece of news or not, all we have to do is to sit in front of the tube and let it happen.不管我們喜歡不喜歡某條新聞,我們所能做的只是坐在電視機前任其播放。/4
7.結果狀語從句的用法
結果狀語從句表示結果,通常位于主句之后。
1.so that可以引導目的狀語從句,也可以引導結果狀語從句。
例如:He worried so that he couldn’t sleep.他急得睡不著。(so that引導結果狀語從句)// It was very cold, so that the river froze.天氣寒冷,河水都結冰了。(so that引導結果狀語從句)// I came to the class early so that I could see the classmate beside me.我趕早來上課,以便早點看到我旁邊的同學。(so that引導目的狀語從句)2.表示“如此??以致??”的“so...that...”和“such...that...”均可引導結果狀語從句,其中的such 是形容詞,修飾名詞;so 是副詞,修飾形容詞或副詞,具體的搭配形式是:
(1)“so+adj./adv.+that”,“so+adj.(+a/an)+n.+that”;
(2)“such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+that”。
例如:He speaks so fast that no one can catch him.他說話太快,無人聽得明白。// There is so rapid an increase in population that a food shortage is caused.人口增長如此迅速,以致造成了糧食短缺。// Our country has so much coal that she can export large quantities.我們國家的煤炭非常豐富,可以大量出口。(so與表示數量的代詞many,few,much,little等連用已經形成固定搭配,這些場合下不能換用such的對應結構表示)// The shop sells so expensive goods that I want to buy nothing in it.這家商店出售的貨物價格昂貴,以致我在里面不想購買任何東西。// He’s such a good person that we mustn't blame him.他是這樣好的人,我們不能怪他。// They are such fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect.他們是非常好的老師,我們對他們極為尊敬。// It is such nice weather that I would like to go to the beach.天氣如此之好,我想去海灘。
8.方式狀語從句的用法
方式狀語從句有表示“像??”的as和表示“好像??”的as if/as though,例如:Let’s study as Lei Feng studied.讓我們像雷鋒那樣學習吧。// Think as I think.像我這樣去想。// He talks as if/though he is drunk.從他談話的樣子來看他好像醉了。
如果結果狀語從句的主語與主句的主語相同,可用so(adj./adv.)as to取代該結果狀語從句,注意體會以下例句:The weather was bad, so as to make a good photo hard to take.天氣惡劣,以致難以拍出來好照片。// He was so kind as to phone for a taxi for the patient.他是如此熱心,以至于他為病人打電話叫了出租車。// How could you be so stupid as to believe him? 你怎么這么笨,竟相信了他的話? /4
第二篇:滬教版深圳市九年級下冊英語中考復習一般將來時態 .教案 葉碧潔
`一般將來時
授課教師:葉碧潔
授課時間:2015年4月23日
一般將來時表示將來某個時間所發生的動作或存在的狀態,也可表示將來經常或反復發生的動作,經常與表示將來的時間狀語連用,如:soon, tomorrow,next week, in a few days等。例如:Where will you be this time tomorrow? 明天這個時候你會在那兒?
(一)一般將來時的構成
一般將來時由“助動詞shall/will+動詞原形”構成。系動詞am, is, are都用動詞原形be。1.shall用于第一人稱后表示一般將來時,一般只限于肯定句和否定句中。shall通常用于第一人稱后,由其構成的一般疑問句用來詢問對方的意見,這時的shall不含將來含義,也不可被will替代。例如:
There’s no one to answer the phone.What shall we do? 沒有人接電話,我們該怎么辦? 2.美國英語中,不論什么人稱和數,一律用“will+動詞原形”。在口語中,will常縮寫為’ll,與主語連寫在一起。如:I’ll, you’ll, he’ll, she’ll, we’ll, they’ll;而shall not常縮寫為shan’t,will not常縮寫為won’t。
(二)一般將來時的各種句式 1.肯定句
主語+shallwill+動詞原形。例如:
I shallwill work next year.明年我將要工作了。2.否定句
主語+shall will+not+動詞原形。例如:
I won’t tell anyone what you said.你說的話我不會告訴任何人。3.一般疑問句
含一般將來時的句子變成一般疑問時只需把will 或shall提到主語前面,既句首,并大寫首字母就可以了。例如:
—Will you leave for Beijing next week? 下周你將前往北京嗎? —Yes, I will.是的,我將要去。
No, I won’t.不,我不去。4.特殊疑問句
變成特殊疑問句的時候,通常結構是“特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句”的語序,也就是“疑問詞+will+主語+動詞原形+其他成分?”。如果是對主語提問,則主語就不在句子中出現。例如:
Who will leave for Beijing next week?下周誰將前往北京?
(三)一般將來時的用法
1.表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如:
I will return the book in a few days.我過幾天會還這本書。2.表示將來經常或反復發生的動作。例如:
They will go to the park every Sunday.他們將每周日去公園。
(四)There be 句型的一般將來時
There be 句型的一般將來時表示“將來有??”。
1.肯定句的結構為:There will be+ 物+ 介詞短語+其他。例如:
There will be cars in people’s home in the future..將來人們的家里會很多的小汽車。2.否定句的結構為:There won’t be + 物+介詞短語+ 其他。例如:
There won’t be any trees in this place in two years.兩年后這個地方就不會有樹了。3.疑問句的結構為:Will there be +物+介詞短語+其他? 例如: —Will there be less pollution? 將來會有更少的污染嗎? —Yes, there will.是的,會的。—No, there won’t.不,不會。
另外,be going to結構也表示將來。
一、be going to 的用法點撥
be going to 是一種固定結構,它后面要接動詞原形,用來表示按計劃或安排要發生的動作,有時也可以表示推測將要或肯定會發生的動作,有“準備;打算”的意思。含有be going to 結構的句子中往往有表示將來的時間狀語。例如:
We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon.今天下午我們打算開班會。(安排)
Look at the black clouds.It's going to rain.看那些烏云,快要下雨了。(推測)
二、be going to 在肯定句中的形式
be going to 結構中的助動詞be很少用原形,它一般有三種形式,即:am , is , are。當主語是 I 時用am ;當主語是第三人稱單數時用is;當主語是其他人稱時用are。例如:
I am going to buy something tomorrow morning.明天早上我要去買些東西。
She is going to see Mr.Wang this afternoon.她打算今天下午去看望王先生。
三、含be going to 的句子變否定句和一般疑問句的變法
由于句子中有助動詞be,因此be going to 的否定句和一般疑問句的構成很容易,即在be(am, is, are)的后面加上not 就構成了否定句;把be(am, is, are)放到句首,在句末加問號就構成了一般疑問句,其答語為:Yes, 主語+ am/is/are./ No, 主語+ isn't/aren't./ No, I'm not.不過 I am...在改為一般疑問句時常常改為“Are you....?”。例如:
They are going to see the car factory next week.(肯定句)
They are not going to see the car factory next week.(否定句)
-Are they going to see the car factory next week?
-Yes, they are.(No, they aren't.)(一般疑問句及其回答)
四、使用be going to 應注意的兩點
1.There be 句型的be going to 結構為:There is / are going to be...(注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改為have。)常用來表示將有某事發生。例如:
There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school.下周六我們學校將有一場足球比賽。
2.come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移動的動詞常用現在進行時表示將要發生的動作,它們很少與be going to 結構連用。例如:
Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孫小姐要來。
第三篇:英語同步練習題考試題試卷教案九年級英語賓語從句狀語從句
中考英語練習賓語從句狀語從句專項訓練
一、單項選擇:
1、Do you know how much hot water ? A.Mum is needed B.does Mum need C.Mum needs D did Mum need
2、Can you tell me ? A.where he is B.where is he C.he is where D.what is he
3、I didn’t know how to London? A.would they go B.are they going C.they would go D.they are going
4、I want to know how long A.has he been back B.has he come back C.he has been back D.he has come back
5、Do you know ? A.what the news are B.what is the news C.what the news is D.what are the news
6、He said he would help me with my maths if he free.A.was B.will be C.would be D.is
7、He will write to you as soon as he to Shanghai.A.gets B.is getting C.will get D.shall get
8、Father music when he young
A.liked…was B.liked…is C.likes…was D.likes…is
9、I liked sports I was young.A.so much as B.so much that C.very much when D.very much because
10、mother got home, I was tidying my room.A. After B.When C.As soon as D.Before
11、The teacher didn’t begin her class the students stopped talking.A.until B.because C.after D.when
12、If it tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great wall.A.doesn’t rain B.won’t rain C.not rains D.isn’t rain
13、Could you tell me we get to the plane? A.how B.whether C.where D.what
14、When they got to the cinema the film for ten minutes.A.had been on B.has begun C.began D.had begun
15、The teacher says she will leave a message on the headmaster’s desk.A.if B.who C that D.what
16、Lucy looks stronger Lily.A.than B.as C.then D.not as
17、I know nothing about it he told me.A.because B.since C.until D.after
18、You must make your new house clean and safe you move in.A.because B.when C.before D.until
19、I was tired I couldn’t walk on.A.so…that B.too…to C.very…that D.very…to
20、I thought he to see his mother if he ______ time.A. will go…has B. will go …will haVE C. would go …would have D. would go …had
二、用所給動詞的正確形式填空:
1、I won’t return the book to the library because I(not finish)reading it.2、As soon as he saw me, he to speak to me.(stop)
3、I hope he(come)back in a week.4、It(rain)hard when I got to the factory this morning.5、The old man told the children(not walk)in the rice fields.6、He told me he(help)her with her maths the next evening.7、She said they(know)each other for quite some time.8、If it(not rain)tomorrow, we(visit)the Palace’s Museum.9、John(write)something when I(go)to see him.10、Our teacher told us that light(travel)much faster than sound.11、When I got to the cinema, the film(begin)
12、Mike asked me if we(ask)any questions the next class.13、Will you come and stay with us for a while when you(finish)doing your homework?
14、Comrade Wang didn’t know if there(be)an English evening that day.15、Please tell me if she(come)again next time.
第四篇:九年級英語賓語從句專題復習教案
九年級英語賓語從句專題復習教案
作者:admin 資源來源:本站原創 點擊數:
【復習內容】賓語從句考點歸納
【復習目標】
1.掌握引導賓語從句的各種連詞
2.掌握賓語從句的語序──主句+連接詞+主語+謂語
3.掌握賓語從句,主句與從句在時態上的呼應。
【重點】語序和時態呼應
【難點】語序和時態呼應
【學生練習】
試一試,你能將下列句子改為賓語從句嗎?
1。She is a careful girl.The teacher said a careful girl.2。Will they win?
I wonder.3。Does the plane stop on the way?
Could you tell me the plane on the way or not?
4。What does he want?
Mother asked me.5。He has bought the dictionary.He said that he the dictionary.6。What is his name?
The teacher asked me.7。What is wrong with your computer?
Mr.Wang knew with your computer.8。I asked, “Are you doing your homework, Meimei?”
I asked Meimei doing homework.9。The baby asked Mother, “Why does the sun rise from the east?”
The baby asked Mother why from the east.10。“Excuse me, how can I get to the post office?” the driver said to the policeman.The driver asked the policeman get to the post office.Key:
1.she, was 2.if, they, will, win 3.whether, stops 4.what, he, wanted 5.had, bought 6.what, his, name, was 7.what, was, wrong 8.if she, was, her 9.why, the, sun, rises 10.how, he(she),could
【教師指導】
一,所謂賓語從句就是句子的賓語一般由名詞、代詞、動名詞或動詞不定式充當,當一個句子充當賓語時,我們把這個句子叫做賓語從句。
賓語從句的三要點:
1、引導詞
2、從句語序
3、從句的時態
二、賓語從句的連接詞或引導詞
1.連詞that,只起連接作用,在從句中不作句子成分,也無詞匯意義,在口語中常被省略。eg.I am afraid(that)you are right.2.連詞if、whether,它們起連接作用,在從句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,在口語中多用if。
eg.Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.He asked me whether or not I was coming.一般情況下,if 和whether可以互換,但以下3種情況只能用whether:
①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.②在介詞前:It depends on(依靠)whether it is going to rain.③與or not連用:They are talking about whether to go there or not.④賓語從句放在句首表示強調時,只能用whether。
Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.3.連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which,連接副詞when, where, why, how,它們起連接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意義。eg.1.He asked ______________________________.(誰能回答這個問題)
2.Do you know__________________________.(他們在等誰)
3.He asked ____________________________________________.(誰的書法是班上最好的)
4.Please tell me ____________________________.(我們什么時候開會)
5.Can you tell me ______________.(他在哪兒)
6.Could you tell me ____________________________.(我該怎么去站)
7.Would you tell me ____________________.(為什么火車遲到了)
三、賓語從句的語序
賓語從句的語序是陳述語序,即“連接詞+主語+謂語+其它成分”。特別強調:它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述語序,而不是疑問句的倒裝結構。
Can you tell me who(m)do we have to see?(╳)
Can you tell me who(m)we have to see?(√)
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在從句中的成分)
陳述句變為賓語從句時,要注意人稱和時態的變化,語序不變。eg.She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” → She said she would leave a message on the desk.四、賓語從句的時態呼應
賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態,常常受到主句謂語時態的制約,此為時態呼應。如果主句謂語是一般現在時或將來時,從句謂語的時態不受限制;如果主句謂語的時態是一般過去時,從句一般要隨著改為相應的過去時態(一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時、過去完成時)。
eg.I thought(that)you are free today.(╳)
I thought(that)you would be free today.(√)
【注意】當賓語從句敘述的是客觀真理時,不管主句謂語的時態如何,從句都用一般現在時。
eg.The teacher told us(that)the earth moves around the sun.五。其他需要說明的問題
1.標點由主句決定,如主句是陳述句、祈使句,則用句號;是疑問句則用問號。
eg.I heard she had been to the Great Wall.Can you tell me which bus I should take?
2、賓語從句的特殊情形
在“Do you think /believe/suppose----?等”結構中,賓語從句如果是由疑問詞引導的,則要用“疑問詞+ do you think/believe/suppose +正常語序?”
如:What has happened to him? Do you think? What do you think has happened to him?
3.賓語從句的否定形式
在think, believe等動詞后面的賓語從句,如果從句的謂語動詞表示否定意義,一般要將否定詞not移到主句的謂語動詞上面去,即通過否定主句的謂語動詞來否定從句的(意義)謂語動詞。此時變反意疑問句時仍將賓語從句視為否定,反意疑問部分用肯定形式。如:
1、I don't think he will come.2、I don't think he will come, will he?
3、I think he will come, won't he?
4.句式的轉變
1、當主句的謂語動詞是hope, decide, wish, agree等,其后接賓語從句,并且從句主語與主句主語一致時,可以簡化成動詞不定式結構。
如:Wei Hua hopes that she will be back soon.Wei Hua hopes to be back soon.2、當know, learn, remember, forget等動詞其后接賓語從句,并且從句主語與主句主語一致時,可以簡化成“疑問詞+不定式”結構。
如:I don't know what I should say.I don't know what to say.3、當tell,learn,show,teach等動詞其后接賓語從句,并且從句主語與主句的間接賓語一致時,可以簡化成“疑問詞+不定式”結構。
如:Could you tell me how I can get there?(句子中的 me 和I指的是同一個人)可以改寫為:Could you tell me how to get there?
【課堂同步檢測】
做一做,你是不是有很大提高呢?
1.-Could you please tell me ___ to do in your spare time?
A.what do you like
B.what you like
C.how would you like.-Could you tell me ___ ?
-He lives in London Street.A.Where Tony lives B.Where does Tony live C.Where did Tony live
3.-I wonder _____for this school trip next Sunday.Can you tell me?
A.where shall we go B.where we shall go C.when we shall go
4.-What did Maria ask just now?
-She wondered ___.A.where Tony lived B.where Tony lives C.where doesTony live
5.-Mr.White ,what did my mom talk with you just now?
-Oh,she wondered ___.A.if you study hard at school
B.how you study at school
C.What did you study at school
6.-Pardon?
-I wonder___this morning.A.how do you come here B.how did you come here
C.how you came here
7.Could you tell me _____? A.when does the train arrive
B.when the train arrives
C.when arrives the train
8.-We never know _____ the old man is.-They say he is a teacher.A.what B.who C.which
9.Could you tell me ___? A.when will Tom come back B.when does Tom come back
C.when Tom will come back
10.Do you know __ during the coming summer holiday?
A.what will Tom do B.what did Tom do
C.what Tom will do
【課外鞏固】
練一練,你已經很棒了,再來最后一搏吧。
1.In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ___ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A.that B.how C.what D.if
2.-I don't know ___ Mr.Green will come to see us.-He will help us with our English.A.why B.when C.how D.where
3.-We never know __ the old man is.-They say he is a teacher.A.what B.who C.which D.where
4.I was told ___ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.A.that how B.how that
C.when that D.that when
5.-Do you know ___? I'm going to see him.-Sorry, I don't know.A.where does Mr.Li live
B.where did Mr.Li live
C.where Mr.Li lives
D.where Mr.Li lived
6.-Where do you think __ he __ the computer?
-Sorry, I have no idea.A./; bought B.has;bought
C.did;buy D.does;buy
7.-Where is Jack?
-He is away to spend his holiday.He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _____.A.that B.which
C.where D.there
一、將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復合句。
1.These flowers are from Guangdong.He said.He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.2.Light travels faster than sound.My teacher told me.My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.3.There will be a meeting in five days.Jack didn't know.Jack didn't know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.【復習小結】
1、變賓語從句的四個要素:引導詞、語序、時態和標點符號
2、牢記賓語從句中的陳述句語序。
3、注意主句與從句時態的一致性(即:當主句是過去式時,從句要用過去范疇的某種時態,客觀真理或自然現象除外)
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第五篇:2014年秋季九年級班英語學科教學工作總結(葉碧潔) (5000字)
飛逝過往 放眼未來
—2014年秋季九年級(1)班英語學科教學工作總結
時間飛逝,緊張而又繁忙的一學期又結束了。本學期,我擔任九(1)班的英語教學工作,在工作中從各方面嚴格要求自己,勤勤懇懇,兢兢業業,使教學工作有計劃,有組織,有步驟地進行。現在我對本
學期的教育教學工作總結如下:
一、基本情況分析:
本學期,我接手的這個班是學生從四年級開始便接手,學生在原來小學階段時成績還是可以,但是由于學生的年級越是往上,成績卻也不容樂觀,加上學生的流動性較大,大都數成績較好的學生都漸漸轉校,造成本學期整體大部分的學生均處于英語基礎不好、對英語學習興趣不大等問題。針對這一情況,我決定重新提高學生的學習興趣,因為興趣是最好的老師,如果學生對你不感興趣,無論你怎樣努力,也是沒有多大效果的。因此,我經常和他們談心,了解他們的心理動態,和他們交朋友,希望能夠走進他們的心靈,從而在學習生活上給予他們更多的幫助。
二、主要成績:(一)教學成績方面
本學期所有的工作,在磕磕碰碰當中,基本上結束得還算圓滿,學生們也進行了三次月考成績,我所任教的班,平均分不太理想,只有個別的學生成績較為樂觀。(二)思想教育方面
本人力求讓學生在學習學科知識的同時,培養綜合素質,形成能力,因此在教學過程中融入了全面發展的理念,雖然不是班主任,但是所做的工作,完全可以與班主任媲美。比如積極插手班級學風、班風建設,在引導學生形成自信健康、積極向上的人生態度,培養終身教學的自學能力,養成良好的學習和生活習慣等方面,都做了大量的實踐探究,學生整體思想素質較以往有極大的提高。
同時我在上課時,力求做到精講多練,課后,我精心設計練習,對所學知識點進行鞏固練習。使講解清晰,準確,條理,做到線索清晰,層次分明,言簡意賅,深入淺出。在課堂上特別注意調動學生的積極性,加強師生交流,充分體現學生的主體作用,讓學生有更多動口動手動腦的機會。同時在每一堂課上都充分考慮每一個層次的學生學習需求和學習能力,讓各個層次的學生都得到提高。現在學生對英語的反應較好。
三、具體做法:
1.堅持認真備課:在上課前,我做到了認真備課。不但備學生而且備教材備教法,根據教材內容及學生的實際,在培養興趣的基礎上訓練學生認讀單詞的能力,要求學生會讀,會寫,在保持興趣的基礎上學習新知識,加大聽寫單詞的力度、設計課的類型、擬定采用的教學方法、認真寫好教案。對每一課都做到“有備而來”,每堂課都在課前做好充分的準備,并制作各種利于吸引學生注意力的有趣教具,課后及時對該課做出總結,寫好教學反思,并認真按搜集每課書的知識要點,歸納成集。
2.增強上課技能,提高教學質量:我在上課時,力求做到精講多練,課后,我精心設計練習,對所學知識點進行鞏固練習。使講解清晰,準確,條理,做到線索清晰,層次分明,言簡意賅,深入淺出。在課堂上特別注意調動學生的積極性,加強師生交流,充分體現學生的主體作用,讓學生有更多動口動手動腦的機會。同時在每一堂課上都充分考慮每一個層次的學生學習需求和學習能力,讓各個層次的學生都得到提高。現在學生對英語的反應較好。3.經常與其他老師交流,學習,從而共同進步:本學期,我借助教研活動,不斷取長補短。在教學上積極與其他老師商討,學習他們的方法,同時,認真聽其他老師的課,學習別人的優點,克服自己的不足,起到很好的效果。4.做到了認真批改作業:在布置作業時,我做到了有針對性,有層次性,對不同層次的學生布置不同的作業。對學生的作業批改及時、認真,將他們在作業過程出現的問題做出分類總結,進行透徹的評講,并針對有關情況及時改進教學方法,做到有的放矢。培養小組長幫助我檢查其他學生的單詞和短語的聽寫。
四、存在的問題:
在教學工作中還有許多需要改進之處,如:我的課堂語言還不夠豐富,導致課堂氣氛太過平淡。后進生學習積極性不高,對于學習基本處于被動局面等等。而學生上課回答問題不積極,參與教學活動的積極性不高。只是一味的聽老師講和做筆記。聽課效率不高。經分析,原因是自己上課方式與學生以前的老師的教學方式不一樣,學生不能適應;課堂上我用的英語過多,語速過快,學生跟不上、聽不懂。而自己也沒有很好的了解學生的實際情況,學生不回答問題或不參與教學活動,只是一味的埋怨和批評,致使學生上課更不敢回答問題,生怕回答錯了以后老師會不高興。
五、改進的措施:
1.英語教學和其他學科一樣,有嚴謹的系統性和連貫性。學生在初
一、初二段所獲得的語言技能,能否在初三年級得到繼續發展,是防止分化的又一個問題。這就給教師提出了更高的要求,即力求把教學搞“實”、搞“活”。所謂“實”就是講究實際效果,把課程標準化為具體的要求,落實到教和學上,對每課時的教學計劃逐項落實。課堂上,少講空話,多做實事,精講多練,以學生為主;對每個單元進行考查、總結,分析存在問題,及時補缺補差,幫助學生過關。平時作業或測驗得到好成績或有進步的,一定在班上進行表揚,給予肯定;對作業錯漏較多的當面批改,及時訂正。所謂“活”就是側重知識的活用訓練,把外語課由“講演課”變成“實踐課”。采用任務型的教學方法,在既緊張而又活潑的氣氛中學習英語,學生在情景中大量實踐,用已知的學習未知的,很容易掌握所學內容。英語和其它功課一樣,需要多練多做。
2.良好的師生關系對培養學生的興趣大有幫助。我以前上課總希望學生能跟上老師的節奏和步伐,學生做不到是就容易沖動、發火,而使課堂氣氛顯得十分沉悶。因此,我將在今后的教學中注意控制自己的情緒,關心學生,尤其差生,同他們交朋友,不歧視他們,不動輒呵斥他們,鼓勵他們的學習自信心和學習熱情。讓他們在自信中學習,在快樂中進步。新課程改革不是紙上談兵,必須要與實踐相結合,今后我要努力學習,積極進取,積極參與課程改革,在課改中不斷學習,不斷實踐,不斷反思。
3.培養良好的英語學習習慣。首先,要培養學生良好的學習習慣,課前多預習,課堂45分鐘讓學生集中注意力聽講,把老師講的內容真正聽懂。不是似懂非懂。課后認真完成配套練習,不懂的地方,多向老師或成績好的學生請教。其次,學生學習要主次分明,主要學科課后時間分配相應的因當多一些,特別是對英語學科,因為他畢竟不是語文。基礎不打好,以后想提高也難。第三,要靈活掌握學過的知識點,學習要講究方法,舉一反三,融會貫通,只有這樣,學生才能把所學的知識串聯起來,不容易忘記。
總之,要讓學生明白,學習英語不是一天兩天的事,是要靠平時慢慢積累起來的。我也會在今后的工作中,多向其他英語教師請教,逐步改進自己的課堂教學模式。讓自己的課堂成為學生學習英語的一片樂土,幫助他們不斷提高成績和運用英語的能力。
執筆人:葉碧潔 2015年1月12日