第一篇：高中英語語法權威解析七---定語從句(附練習題)

第七章 定語從句

定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，有時也可以修飾部分或整個句子。

被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之后，由關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）引出。

關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。

關系副詞有：when, where, why, how。

關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連接作用，同時又可做定語從句的一個成分。當關系代詞做賓語時可以省略。

定語從句中的謂語動詞必須在人稱上和數量上和先行詞保持一致。

定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。1、關系代詞引導的定語從句

1)who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在從句中作主語）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在從句中作賓語）2)whose 用來指人或物，（只用作定語，若指物，它還可以同of which互換），例如：

Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.3)which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（which / that在句中作賓語）

The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.(which / that在句中作賓語)

關系代詞that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法區別：

不用that的情況：

a)在引導非限定性定語從句時

(錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b)介詞后不能用

We depend on the land from which we get our food.c)多用who 的情況

①關系代詞在從句中做主語

A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.②先行詞為those, people 時

Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.③先行詞為all, anyone, ones, one 指人時

One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.④在There be句型中

There is a stranger who wants to see you.⑤在被分隔的定語從句中

A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.⑥在有兩個定語從句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行詞后接兩個以上的并列定語從句時，后一個必須重復前一個關系代詞。

The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.2)只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況

a)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。

All that is needed is a supply of oil.Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.b)先行詞有the only, the very, the just修飾時，只用that。

He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.c)先行詞為序數詞(the last)、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。

The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twin.d)先行詞既有人，又有物時。

He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.e)當主句是以who 或which 開始的特殊疑問句時，用that 以避免重復。Who is the person that is standing at the gate.f)關系代詞在從句中做表語

He is not the man that he used to be.2、關系副詞引導的定語從句

關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點、方式或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。關系副詞when, where, why, how的含義相當于“介詞+ which”結構，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結構交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?

I'm surprised the way how(by which)he works out the problem.注意：

①在非限制性定語從句中，“介詞+ which”結構不能代替關系副詞。

如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.②含有介詞短語的動詞一般不能拆開，介詞仍放在動詞后面。Is this the book which(that)she was looking for?

3、名詞/數詞/代詞 /形容詞最高級 + 介詞 + 關系代詞引導定語從句 She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.4、as, which 引導非限定性定語從句的差別 由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”的意思。As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.用法區別：

(1)as 引導的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。As we all know, he never smokes.(2)as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which。

(3)非限定性定語從句中出現expect, think, suppose 等表示猜測、想象、預料等時。She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.(4)As 的用法 the same? as;such?as 中的as 是一種固定結構, 和??一樣??。I should like to use the same tool as is used here.We should have such a dictionary as he is using.定語從句語法專項練習習題精選

用適當的關系詞填空：

1.I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.2.I'll never forget the day________

we met each other last week.3.Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.4.I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.5.I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.6.This is the school ______I used to study.7.Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week? 8.Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition? 9.Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake? 10.Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake? 11.Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers.12.I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China.13.There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.14.It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.15.It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.16.It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17.The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(認出)you.18.This is the very novel about____we've talked so much.19.This is the way____he did it.20.Who is the student _____was late for school today? 21.Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him? 22.What else was there in my brother____you didn't like? 23.He lives in the room____window faces to the south.24.He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south.25.This is Mr.John for____son I brought a book yesterday.26.This is Mr.John for_____I bought a book yesterday.27.This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.28.And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.29.Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.30.I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spend your weekend.KEYS:

1.when

2.when 3.which

4.that/which

5.that 6.where

7.that/which 8.where 9.which

10.where 11.where

12.which 13.when

14.that

15.that

16.that

17.(that)

18.which

19.(that/in which)

20.that 21.that that

23.whose

24.of which

25.whose 26.whom

27.when

28.that

29.that

30.where

第二篇：高中英語語法權威解析一---名詞性從句(附練習題)

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses）。名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

一． 主語從句

主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1.It 作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較

It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結構，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調，無論強調的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人時也可用who/whom。例如：

a)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.你不去看那場電影真可惜。

b)It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我對你成功與否不感興趣。

c)It is in the morning that the murder took place.謀殺案是在早上發生的。（強調句型）

d)It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗戶。（強調句型）

2.用it 作形式主語的結構(1)It is ＋ 名詞 ＋ 從句

It is a fact that …

事實是…

It is an honor that

…非常榮幸

It is common knowledge that

…是常識(2)It is ＋ 形容詞 ＋ 從句

It is natural that…

很自然…

It is strange that…

奇怪的是…(3)It is ＋ 不及物動詞 ＋ 從句

It seems that…

似乎…

It happened that…

碰巧…

It appears that…

似乎…(4)It ＋ 過去分詞 ＋ 從句

It is reported that…

據報道…

It has been proved that…

已證實…

It is said that…

據說…

3.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況：

（1）if 引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。

（2）It is said /reported…結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

正確表達：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.錯誤表達：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.（3）It happens/occurs…結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

正確表達：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.錯誤表達：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

正確表達：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.錯誤表達：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.（5）含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。例如：

正確表達：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

錯誤表達：Is that will rain in the evening likely?

4.what 與that 在引導主語從句時的區別

what 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語．賓語．表語，而that 則不然。例如：

a)What you said yesterday is right.b)That she is still alive is a consolation

二．賓語從句

賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞之后。

1.作動詞的賓語

(1)由that引導的賓語從句(that 通常可以省略), 例如：

I heard that be joined the army.我聽說他參軍了。

(2)由what, whether(if)引導的賓語從句，例如：

a)She did not know what had happened.她不知道發生了什么。

b)I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能幫我改一下筆記。

(3)動詞＋間接賓語＋賓語從句。例如：

She told me that she would accept my invitation.她對我說她會接受我的邀請。

2.作介詞的賓語，例如：

Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我們的成功取決于我們之間的合作。

3.作形容詞的賓語，例如：

I am afraid(that)I’ve made a mistake.我恐怕我已經犯了一個錯誤。

注意：that 引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。

4.it 可以作為形式賓語

it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。例如：

We heard it that she would get married next month.我聽說她下個朋就會結婚了。

5.后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動詞

這類動詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導的賓語從句。如：

正確表達：I admire their winning the match.錯誤表達：I admire that they won the match.6.不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞

有些動詞不可用于“動詞＋間接賓語＋that從句“結構中，常見的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：

正確表達：He impressed the manager as an honest man.錯誤表達：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7.否定的轉移

若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：

I don’t think this dress fits you well.我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。

三.表語從句

表語從句在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結構是“主語＋連系動詞＋表語從句”。可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導表語從句的that常可省略。另外，常用的還有the reason is that… 和It is because 等結構。例如：

1)The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2)This is why we can’t get the support of the people.3)But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4)The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四.同位語從句

同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。

1.同位語從句的功能

同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容，一般由that引導，例如：

1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2.同位語在句子中的位置

同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位語從句與定語從句的區別

(1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。

(2)定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如： 1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）

名詞性從句專項練習

1．____he does has nothing to do with me.A.whatever B.No matter what C.That D.If 2.The manager came over and asked the customer how____

A.did the quarrel came about

B.the quarrel had come about

C.had the quarrel come about

D.had the quarrel come about 3.Energy is ____makes thing work..A.what B.something C.anything

D.that 4.Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as 5.This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.A.there

B.in which

C.where

D.when 6.They have no idea at all____.A.where he has gone

B.where did he go C.which place has he gone

D.where has he gone

7.The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.A.that

B.which

C.of which

D.of that

8.The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.A.that;had to leave

B.that;should leave

C./;must leave

D.when;should leave 9.___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.A.There;that

B.It;that

C.there;whether D.It;whether 10.The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our

research.A.that

B.which

C.whether

D.if 11.Is _____he said really true?

A.that B.what C.why

D.whether 12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.A.That B.Whether C.If

D.Where 13.It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.A.while

B.if

C.that D.for

14.???_____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.A.Whether

B.This

C.who

D.If

15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A.What B.That

C.Whether

D.If 16.____you don’t like him is none of my business.A.What B.That

C.Who

D.How 17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.A.What;what B.That;that

C.what;that D.That;what 18.____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.A.What

B.It

C.All that

D.That 19.It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.A.believed

B.think

C.say

D.hoped 20.____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A.What

B.That

C.How

D.Where

Keys:

1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA

第三篇：高中英語語法定語從句小結

定語從句

1.① 關系代詞（who,whom,whose,which,that,as）

A.從句中謂語動詞的人稱和數與先行詞一致

one of +動詞復數-------He is one of the students who have been to Shanghai

the only one +動詞單數-------He is the only one of the students who has been to ShanghaiB.who/whom

介詞放在句尾，二者都可用------This is the girl(who/whom)we have been looking for.C.whose=of which

The classroomare broken is unoccupied.The classroomare broken is unoccupied.D.介詞+關系代詞

⑴v.+prep.which he had been⑵n.+prep.They are still living in the little house ’ve been⑶adj.+prep.The woker E.只用that

⑴.先行詞是最高級、序數詞

⑵.先行詞是all,some/any/no/every+thing ,none

或only,any,few,little,no,all,none of,the very+先行詞

⑶.先行詞既有人又有物

⑷.who/which…….that…..?

⑸…… which…….that……

② 關系副詞(when,where,why)

A.when=on which

先行詞：occasion

B.where=in which

先行詞：case,point,situation,condition,stage

C.why=for which

先行詞：reason

2.A． when=and thenwhere=and there

B． as/which

(1)as在句前、句中、句后------which在句后

(2)非限制性定語從句放在主句之后，用as

定語從句是否定句或表示否定時，用which---He came here very late, which was unexpected

(3)As anybody can see

As we had expected

As often happens

As has been said before

As is mentioned above

As I understand

As appears

(4)As+被動語態------Which+主動語態

第四篇：高中英語語法教學設計 定語從句

高中英語語法教學設計：定語從句講解與練習

定語從句在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常

出現在先行詞之后，由關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）引出。關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。關系副詞有：when, where, why等。

18.1 關系代詞引導的定語從句

關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。1）who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。例如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）2）whose 用來指人或物，（只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語）

The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作賓語）

18.2 關系副詞引導的定語從句

關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。1）關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于“介詞+ which”結構，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結構交替使用。例如：

There are occasions when（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。

Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？

2）that代替關系副詞，可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引導的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略。例如：

His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。

18.3 判斷關系代詞與關系副詞

方法一：用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.這是我去年呆過的山村。

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠不會忘記與你共事的日子。

判斷改錯：

（錯）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.（對）I'll never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞 where, when聯系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。

方法二：準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A.where B.that C.on which D.the one

例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.where B.that C.on which D.the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1變為肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2變為肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關系代詞，所以應選D。

而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。

關系詞的選擇依據在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關系副詞（where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語）。

18.4 限制性和非限制性定語從句

1）定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。例如：

This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性）

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）

2）當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾經是我的老師。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.這本小說很動人，我已經讀了三遍。3）非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數。例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態水變為蒸汽，這就叫做蒸發。說明：關系代詞that和關系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。

18.5 介詞+關系詞

1）介詞后面的關系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。

3）某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的“介詞+關系詞”結構可以同關系副詞when 和where 互換。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 18.6 as, which 非限定性定語從句

由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太陽使地球暖起來，這對我們人類很重要。典型例題

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he

答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it 答案B.as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：

（1）as 引導的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。（2）as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動詞，所以正確選項應為B。

as 的用法

例1.the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結構, 和……一樣……。例如：

I have got into the same trouble as he（has）.我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。例2.as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是關系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；例2中，它充當從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。

18.7 先行詞和關系詞二合一

1）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）

2）The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）

18.8 what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever

1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：

What you want has been sent here.你要的動詞都送來了。

Whatever you want makes no difference to me.不管你要什么，跟我沒什么關系。2）who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如：

（錯）Who breaks the law will be punished.（錯）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.（對）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法，與庶民同罪。

（對）Who robbed the bank is not clear.誰搶了銀行還不清楚。3）that 和 what

當that引導定語從句時，通常用作關系代詞，而引導名詞性從句時，是個不充當任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that常可省略。What只能引導名詞性從句，用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。例如：

I think（that）you will like the stamps.我想你會喜歡這些郵票的。

What we need is more practice.我們需要的是更多的實踐。

18.9 關系代詞that 的用法 1）不用that的情況

a）引導非限定性定語從句時。例如：

（錯）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b）介詞后不能用。例如：

We depend on the land from which we get our food.我們依賴土地獲得食物。

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2）只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況

a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b）在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。

c）先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that。

d）先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。.e）先行詞既有人，又有物時。例如：

All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油問題。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。定語從句練習:

1.This is the train ____ we went to Shanghai.A.by which B.by that C.whose D.where 2.--Have you ever been to Rome?

--No, but that's the city________.A.where I most like to visit B.I'd most like to visit

C.which I like to visit most D.where I'd like most to visit 3.He keeps a record of everything

he had seen there.A.he

B.that

C.which

D.what

4.Mr.John said that Suzhou was the first city

he had visited in China.A.that

B.where

C.which

D.what

5.The TV play I watched last night is the best one I have watched this year.A.which

B.what

C.whose

D.that 6.Is this the museum you visited the other day?

A.that

B.where

C.in which

D.the one 7.This is the very film

I've long wished to see.A.which

B.that

C.who

D.whom

8.There is no difficulty

can't be overcome in the world.A.that

B.which

C.who

D.what

9.Who is the person

is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?

A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whom

10.As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem ______they can not work out.A.that B.if C.in order that D.as

11.The house the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery（托兒所）.A.that

B.where

C.what

D.when

12.This is the last time

I shall come here to help you.A.that

B.which

C.when

D.what

13.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of them.A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whom 14.I now know why Mao impresses everyone who meets him whit the way _________-he behaves.A.which

B.what

C.／

D.how 15.This is the baby

tomorrow.A.after whom I shall look B.whom I shall look after

C.whose I shall look after D.after whom I shall look after 16.She was no longer the woman

she was.A.that

B.which

C.what

D.her 17.That's the hotel last year.A.which we stayed B.at that we stayed C.Where we stayed at D.where we stayed 18.The doctor did all to save the wounded boy.A.what he could B.That he could

C.everything which he could D.for which he could do 19.Anyone

this opinion may speak out.A.that againsts B.that against C.who is against D.who are against 20.The place

you are standing used to be an old church.A.which

B.where

C.that

D.when 21.You've made the same mistake you made last time.A.as

B.like

C.which

D.that

22.It is not such an interesting magazine

I thought.A.as

B.that

C.which

D.／ 23.you know, he is a famous musician.A.As

B.which

C.That

D.／

24.Mr Zhou，native language was Chinese, could read and write several foreign languages.A.whose

B.his

C.which

D.that

25.I took my friend to the Summer Palace，we had some photos taken.A.where

B.which

C.that

D.／ 26.Do you remember the day your sister graduated as a Master of Arts? A.which B.on which C.about which

D.／

27.The bus, was already full, was surrounded by an angry crowd.A.which of most

B.most of which C.which of the most D.most of that 28.We all remember the days we studied together at school.A.which B.that C.when D.／

29.Do you know the reason

he didn't come? A.that

B.which

C.for

D.why

30.He is the only one of the three got the new idea.A.who have B.whom have C.who has D.whose had 31.I'm one of the students well in English in my class.A.who does

B.who do

C.which does

D.who did 32．-Have you read the books?

-Yes, I’ve read all the books _____ you gave me.A.which B.what C.that D.who

33.This is the very place _____ the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over sixty years ago.A.that B.which C.where D.there

34.That young girl is not the one _____ she used to be.A.that B.who C.whom D.what

35.He has four dogs, the biggest _____ is called Wang Wang.A.that B.about which C.of which D.which

36.The old lady had one son and two daughters, _____ treated her well, ____ made her very sad.A.all of them;which B.none of whom;which C.both of whom;which D.neither of whom;that

37.The hard-working farmers and their happy life_____ we saw in the countryside made a wonderful impression on us.A.whom B.who C.which D./ 38.The young fellow standing under the tree, ____ is good at English, is from Beijing.A.who B.which C.when D.that

39.We visited the factory _____ makes toys for children.A.where B.which C.in which D.at which

40.They said that the host had enough glasses for each guest, _____ were handed down from his grandfather.A.who B.that C.which D.Whose 41.This is all_____I know about the matter.A.that B.what C.which D.whether 42.This is the job _____they laughed.A.which B.that C.at that D.at which

第五篇：高中英語語法總結-定語從句

嘉興英語教學網收集整理 歡迎使用

高中英語語法總結大全之定語從句

定語從句

定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之后，由關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）引出。

關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

關系副詞有：when, where, why等。

關系代詞引導的定語從句

關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）

2)Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。

3）which, that

它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語）

The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語）

關系副詞引導的定語從句

關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。

1）when, where, why

關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于“介詞+ which”結構，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結構交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？

2）that代替關系副詞

that可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介詞+ which”引導的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。

判斷關系代詞與關系副詞

方法一： 用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判斷改錯（注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示出。）

（錯）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.（對）I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞 where, when聯系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。

方法二： 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。

例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A.whereB.thatC.on whichD.the one

例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.whereB.thatC.on whichD.the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1變為肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2變為肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關系代詞，所以應選D。

而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。

關系詞的選擇依據在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語時，選擇關系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關系副詞(where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語)。

限制性和非限制性定語從句

1)定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，例如：

This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）

2)當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經是我的老師。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.這本小說很動人，我已經讀了

三遍。

3)非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態水變為蒸汽，這就叫做蒸發。

說明：關系代詞that和關系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。

介詞+關系詞

1）介詞后面的關系詞不能省略。

2）that前不能有介詞。

3）某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的“介詞+關系詞”結構可以同關系副詞when 和where 互換。

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

as, which非限定性定語從句

由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例題

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he

答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.thatB.whichC.asD.it

答案B.as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：

(1）as 引導的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。

(2）as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which.。

在本題中，prevent由于是行為動詞，所以正確選項應為B。

As 的用法

例1.the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結構, 和……一樣……。

I have got into the same trouble as he(has).例2.as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是關系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；例2中，它充當從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。

先行詞和關系詞二合一

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)

what/whatever/that...1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)

關系代詞that的用法

1）不用that的情況

a)在引導非限定性定語從句時。

(錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b)介詞后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2)只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況

a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。

c)先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that。

d)先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。.e)先行詞既有人，又有物時。

舉例：

All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油問題。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察