第一篇：高一生物酶與酶促反應(yīng)教學(xué)案016

4.1.2酶與酶促反應(yīng)

高一生物教學(xué)案016 遭到破壞，而失去活性。課型：新授課 編號(hào) 016 時(shí)間 2012.10.24（2）該實(shí)驗(yàn)中能否將斐林試劑改成碘液？

提示：該實(shí)驗(yàn)中不能用碘液代替斐林試劑，因?yàn)榈庖褐荒苁沟?/p>

粉變藍(lán)，而與還原性糖沒有特殊的顏色反應(yīng)，不能檢驗(yàn)蔗糖是第 十一 周 第 二 課時(shí) 總第 016 課時(shí)

否被淀粉酶水解。

備課組長(zhǎng)簽字： 宋雙鋒 段長(zhǎng)簽字：（3）實(shí)驗(yàn)中兩支試管保溫時(shí)，溫度應(yīng)控制在什么范圍內(nèi)？若改主備人：崔志民 一 年級(jí) 生物 備課組

A．生物體內(nèi)的酶不是都由活細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的B．活的生物體的任何一個(gè)細(xì)胞都能產(chǎn)生酶，酶只有在細(xì)胞內(nèi)才能起催化作用 C．絕大多數(shù)酶是在核糖體上合成的，生物體缺乏某種酶就可能出現(xiàn)這種酶缺乏癥 D．同一生物體內(nèi)的各種酶要求的催化條件都相同，其催化效率姓名： 層次：

一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

1、酶的作用和本質(zhì)。

2、酶的特性。

3、酶促反應(yīng)和影響酶促反應(yīng)的因素。

二、學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)

1、酶的作用和本質(zhì)。

2、酶的特性。

3、酶促反應(yīng)和影響酶促反應(yīng)的因素。

三、學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)

1、酶促反應(yīng)和影響酶促反應(yīng)的因素。

四、使用說明 1．自學(xué)課本，從第55頁到第58頁，用紅筆畫出疑難點(diǎn)，2.完成教學(xué)案填空內(nèi)容，習(xí)題。

五、教學(xué)流程

課程導(dǎo)入：吃饅頭時(shí)我們會(huì)感到甜，而我們吃富含纖維素的蔬菜時(shí)卻感覺不到甜味，試分析其原因？

【自主學(xué)習(xí)A級(jí)】探究

一、酶的作用及本質(zhì)

1.酶是指由活細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的、具有催化活性的一類特殊蛋白質(zhì)，生物體內(nèi)所有化學(xué)反應(yīng)都需要酶的參與，那么酶是否一定在細(xì)胞內(nèi)發(fā)揮作用呢？

提示：不是。無論是在細(xì)胞內(nèi)還是細(xì)胞外，只要條件適宜酶都能起催化作用。

2.請(qǐng)結(jié)合教材中酶具有催化性的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，思考下列問題：

（1）實(shí)驗(yàn)中選用蒸餾水的目的是什么？

提示：實(shí)驗(yàn)中設(shè)置加入蒸餾水的試管做對(duì)照組，目的是增強(qiáng)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論的說服力。

（2）酶催化的反應(yīng)中，酶能否使生成物的量增加？

提示：不能。酶只能降低化學(xué)反應(yīng)的活化能，加快反應(yīng)速度，縮短達(dá)到平衡的時(shí)間，但不會(huì)使生成物的量增加。

3.結(jié)合教材中酶具有特異性的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，討論下列問題：

（1）進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，要使用完全冷卻的淀粉溶液，而不能用剛煮沸的淀粉溶液，原因是什么？

提示：若用剛煮沸的淀粉溶液進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，淀粉酶會(huì)因溫度過高

用唾液中的唾液淀粉酶來催化該反應(yīng)，溫度控制范圍和前者相受溫度和pH的影響 同嗎？

解析

提示：兩支試管保溫時(shí)，應(yīng)控制在60 ℃左右，因?yàn)?0 ℃是該（1）酶是活細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的具有催化活性的一類特殊蛋白質(zhì)。種淀粉酶的最適溫度，低于或高于此溫度，都會(huì)降低化學(xué)反應(yīng)（2）不同種類的酶作用條件是不同的，但只要它們的結(jié)構(gòu)不變，的速率。若改用唾液中的唾液淀粉酶來催化該反應(yīng)進(jìn)行，溫度

且條件適宜，都能正常發(fā)揮作用。

就要控制在37 ℃左右，因?yàn)橥僖旱矸勖傅淖钸m溫度是人的體A錯(cuò)誤，酶是由活細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的；B錯(cuò)誤，活細(xì)胞能產(chǎn)生酶，有溫，即37 ℃左右。的酶在細(xì)胞內(nèi)起作用（如呼吸酶），有的酶在細(xì)胞外起作用（如4.根據(jù)如圖曲線試總結(jié)酶與無機(jī)催化劑的相同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)。

消化酶）；C正確，絕大多數(shù)酶屬于蛋白質(zhì)，是在核糖體上合成 的，生物體缺乏某種酶就會(huì)影響機(jī)體內(nèi)的某一化學(xué)反應(yīng)，可能

出現(xiàn)這種酶缺乏癥，如缺少酪氨酸酶引起白化病；D錯(cuò)誤，同提示：（1）相同點(diǎn)：都能加快化一生物體內(nèi)不同的酶要求的催化條件可以不同，如胃蛋白酶、學(xué)反應(yīng)的速率，縮短反應(yīng)完成的胰蛋白酶所需的最適pH相差很大。

時(shí)間。

【自主學(xué)習(xí)B級(jí)】探究

二、影響酶促反應(yīng)的因素

（2）不同點(diǎn)：酶與無機(jī)催化劑相

1． 在日常生活中，使用加酶洗衣粉要比使用普通洗衣粉更容比，催化效率更高。

易清除衣物上的奶漬、油漬，為什么？使用加酶洗衣粉時(shí)，最點(diǎn)撥

好用溫水浸泡，為什么?

1．酶概念的三要素

提示：加酶洗衣粉中含有一部分酶，比如脂肪酶、蛋白酶等，（1）來源：活細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的。死細(xì)胞不產(chǎn)生酶，凡是活細(xì)胞一定

它們能夠分解脂肪、蛋白質(zhì)，使之變成小分子的物質(zhì)，更加容都能產(chǎn)生酶。

易清洗。酶的作用需要適宜的溫度條件。

（2）生理作用：催化作用。酶是生物催化劑。

2.當(dāng)人發(fā)燒時(shí)會(huì)感到全身不適、無力、食欲不振，試從酶的作用（3）化學(xué)本質(zhì)：有機(jī)物。絕大多數(shù)酶是蛋白質(zhì)，極少數(shù)酶是

角度分析產(chǎn)生這些現(xiàn)象的原因。

RNA。

提示：高溫使體內(nèi)酶（包括消化酶）的活性降低，消化能力減2.酶的作用部位

弱，所以食欲不振。

細(xì)胞內(nèi)或細(xì)胞外。

3.酶的作用機(jī)理

酶在化學(xué)反應(yīng)中起的催化作用，主要是降低了反應(yīng)的活化能，酶在反應(yīng)前后質(zhì)量和性質(zhì)不變化。酶只能催化原本能進(jìn)行的反

應(yīng)，而不能催化原本不能進(jìn)行的反應(yīng)。

4.在探究酶具有催化性的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，判斷反應(yīng)進(jìn)行程度的兩種方法

（1）氣泡目測(cè)法：觀察反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的氣泡數(shù)量。

（2）火星復(fù)燃法：觀察帶火星衛(wèi)生香復(fù)燃的劇烈程度。

例

1、下列關(guān)于酶的敘述中正確的是 1 【特別提醒】①低溫和高溫時(shí)酶的活性都降低，但兩者的性質(zhì)A．特異性

不同。②在過酸或過堿環(huán)境中，酶均失去活性而不能恢復(fù)。③B．不具備催化劑的一般特征 同一種酶在不同pH下活性不同，不同的酶的最適pH不同。④C．高效性

反應(yīng)溶液酸堿度的變化不影響酶作用的最適溫度。D．在溫和條件下進(jìn)行

例

2、如圖曲線表示的是溫度和酶活性的關(guān)系，此曲線不能說(B)3.（2011·昆明高一檢測(cè)）酶具有很強(qiáng)的催化功能，其原因明的是 是（）

A.顯著降低了化學(xué)反應(yīng)所需的活化能

B.增加了反應(yīng)物之間的接觸面積

C.顯著提高了化學(xué)反應(yīng)所需的活化能 A.不同的溫度D.減小了反應(yīng)物之間的接觸面積

范圍內(nèi)酶的活(B)4.多酶片中含有蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶，性不同

具有輔助消化的作用，其片劑是糖衣片，B.當(dāng)溫度達(dá)到B時(shí)，酶的活性最高

這樣制作的目的是（）C.A點(diǎn)時(shí)，酶的催化活性很低，但隨著溫度升高，酶的活性可A.補(bǔ)充體內(nèi)糖類物質(zhì)的供應(yīng) 以上升

B.防止胃液的消化作用

D.C點(diǎn)時(shí)酶的活性也很低，當(dāng)溫度降低時(shí)，酶的活性也可以恢C.經(jīng)唾液的消化作用后可迅速起作用 復(fù)上升 D.使其中各種酶緩慢地釋放

解析

(C)5.（2011·鹽城高一檢測(cè)）兩個(gè)學(xué)生在研究溫度對(duì)兩種天然解題時(shí)應(yīng)明確高溫、低溫對(duì)酶活性的影響是不同的。低溫抑制酶（能催化同一種反應(yīng)）的作用后繪制了如下數(shù)據(jù)圖。觀察他酶的活性，而高溫破壞了酶的結(jié)構(gòu)，能使酶失活。

們的數(shù)據(jù)圖，回答問題： 從圖中可以看出隨著溫度的不斷升高，酶的催化活性在上升，等達(dá)到B點(diǎn)時(shí)，酶的催化活性達(dá)到最高，隨著溫度的繼續(xù)上升，酶的催化活性迅速下降。但是A點(diǎn)和C點(diǎn)相比，雖然酶的催化 活性都很低，但是A點(diǎn)是低溫條件，對(duì)酶分子結(jié)構(gòu)無影響，隨 著溫度的上升，其催化活性可不斷上升，而C點(diǎn)是高溫條件，當(dāng)溫度過高時(shí)，會(huì)破壞酶的分子結(jié)構(gòu)，使酶的活性發(fā)生不可逆 的變化。

當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)

(A)1.關(guān)于酶生理功能的敘述，下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的（）

A.能為生物體內(nèi)的化學(xué)反應(yīng)提供能量

B.具有催化作用，比無機(jī)催化劑的催化效率高得多

C.酶與無機(jī)催化劑降低反應(yīng)活化能的效率相同(1)酶A的最適溫度是_____，兩種酶催化的反應(yīng)速率相等的溫D.能促進(jìn)生物體內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的運(yùn)輸 度約是___________。

(2.)根據(jù)如圖所示過氧化氫(2)可能來自于熱泉中的細(xì)菌體內(nèi)的酶是分解速率的曲線，說明酶的___________。

哪一特性（）(3)在0～80 ℃的溫度范圍內(nèi)，隨溫度的升高，酶B 的活性___________。

(4)如果先將酶B置于100 ℃的溫度下，然后逐漸降

低溫度，反應(yīng)速率不變，原

因是

____________________________。小結(jié)：

作業(yè)布置： 完成此教學(xué)案并上交

課后反思：（學(xué)生寫學(xué)后反思，教師寫教后反思）

1、成功之處

2、不足之處

3、改進(jìn)措施

出勤情況：

板書設(shè)計(jì)：

復(fù)備區(qū) 復(fù)備人：

例1C 例2D

1、B

2、C

3、A

4、B

5、答案：（1）40 ℃

℃

（2）酶B（3）逐漸升高

（4）酶在100 ℃時(shí)已失活

第二篇：酶與酶促反應(yīng)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

酶與酶促反應(yīng)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

李培花 靜待花開一生物學(xué)科工作坊

（作者簡(jiǎn)介：李培花，女，漢族，生于1986年，現(xiàn)任教于橫山中學(xué)，二級(jí)教師。2009年7月畢業(yè)于延安大學(xué)，特崗教師，2010年開始擔(dān)任高中生物教學(xué)。性格開朗，心直口快；積極樂觀，勤勉刻苦；默默無聞；兢兢業(yè)業(yè)；治學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，教學(xué)有方，誨人不倦。）

一、教材分析

“酶與酶促反應(yīng)”是蘇教版“分子與細(xì)胞”的第四章第一節(jié)內(nèi)容。前面已學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)了細(xì)胞的結(jié)構(gòu)和物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，但沒有接觸細(xì)胞的代謝。本節(jié)內(nèi)容是在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)了酶的定義和ATP相關(guān)內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的，進(jìn)一步深入了解酶的高效性、專一性和酶的作用條件溫和。同時(shí)穿插實(shí)驗(yàn)的設(shè)計(jì)、實(shí)驗(yàn)變量的判斷、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的原則，并能簡(jiǎn)單分析實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象，為下節(jié)課探究影響酶促反應(yīng)速率的因素做鋪墊。

二、教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)思路

運(yùn)用舊知識(shí)導(dǎo)入法，讓學(xué)生回憶酶的定義和酶具有催化性實(shí)驗(yàn)，提出問題：酶具有催化性，那么它的催化機(jī)理是什么呢？它還有什么性質(zhì)呢？進(jìn)入本節(jié)新課的研學(xué)。首先讓學(xué)生閱讀課本66頁的“知識(shí)海洋”結(jié)合導(dǎo)學(xué)案的6、7內(nèi)容思考：

1、什么是活化能？

2、PPT中曲線中的CA和CB的含義是什么？然后師生共同分析得出酶具有催化的實(shí)質(zhì)是降低了化學(xué)反應(yīng)的活化能。同時(shí)質(zhì)疑：無機(jī)催化劑和酶都有催化性，那么誰得催化效率更高呢？接著讓學(xué)生結(jié)合導(dǎo)學(xué)案8和PPT所示內(nèi)容，分析實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)而得出實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論：酶具有高效性。嘗試分析導(dǎo)學(xué)案9的曲線，師生總結(jié)得出高效性的實(shí)質(zhì)和意義。其次開始講述酶的另一特性----專一性，結(jié)合課本的“酶具有專一性”實(shí)驗(yàn)，設(shè)置問題，讓學(xué)生探討理解專一性的含義，最后以加酶洗衣粉的使用溫度得出酶的作用條件溫和這一特性。

三、教學(xué)目標(biāo)

1、通過實(shí)驗(yàn)認(rèn)識(shí)酶的高效性和專一性，根據(jù)相曲線進(jìn)一步理解酶高效性的實(shí)質(zhì)。

2、通過學(xué)生閱讀教材、導(dǎo)學(xué)案相關(guān)內(nèi)容，嘗試分析實(shí)驗(yàn)中的自變量和因變量，初步掌握控制變量的方法并嘗試設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)。

3、將生物核心素養(yǎng)----科學(xué)探究的方法：觀察法、實(shí)驗(yàn)法和資料分析法滲透在教學(xué)過程中。

四、教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)

1、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：酶的高效性和專一性的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)分析。

2、教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：酶的高效性實(shí)質(zhì)的理解，專一性的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)分析。

五、課前準(zhǔn)備

PPT、導(dǎo)學(xué)案

六、教學(xué)過程

（一）、導(dǎo)課 舊知識(shí)導(dǎo)入法

利用學(xué)生已學(xué)習(xí)的酶的定義，共同回憶其來源、作用和本質(zhì)以及驗(yàn)證催化性的實(shí)驗(yàn)過程，然后質(zhì)疑：酶的催化機(jī)理是什么？進(jìn)入新課研學(xué)

（二）、新課

1、酶的高效性

活動(dòng)安排;(1)、學(xué)生閱讀66頁內(nèi)容的“知識(shí)海洋”，結(jié)合導(dǎo)學(xué)案的6、7，明確活化能的含義，對(duì)照曲線：嘗試說出ca、cb、ba段的含義（圖一）

（2）教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生得出酶催化性的機(jī)理是降低了化學(xué)反應(yīng)的活化能。（圖二）

（3）教師PPT展示圖片及相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)幫助學(xué)生理解酶的高效性

知識(shí)過度：我們都有這樣的體會(huì)：吃饅頭時(shí)，越嚼越甜，那是因?yàn)橥僖褐泻型僖旱矸勖缚梢允沟矸鬯猓责z頭變甜。但是吃肉時(shí)不小心把肉絲卡在牙縫里了，結(jié)果兩天后他還有被消化，為什么？導(dǎo)出酶的特異性（專一性）

2、酶的特異性

活動(dòng)安排：（1）PPT展示酶的特異性的概念，學(xué)生閱讀66頁內(nèi)容的理解特異性的含義。

（2）教師引導(dǎo)如何設(shè)計(jì)驗(yàn)證酶的特異性實(shí)驗(yàn)。

設(shè)計(jì)思路：酶相同底物不同或者底物相同酶不同

（3）學(xué)生閱讀課本65頁實(shí)驗(yàn)，分析討論P(yáng)PT所示的問題：

（4）老師根據(jù)學(xué)生的回答對(duì)其進(jìn)行點(diǎn)評(píng)，補(bǔ)充，最后得出實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論：淀粉酶只能催化淀粉水解，對(duì)蔗糖不起作用，則酶具有特異性。

3、作用條件溫和

教師從學(xué)生熟悉的加酶洗衣粉作為切入點(diǎn)，詢問用怎樣的水溫洗的衣服更加干凈？然后PPT展示酶的另一個(gè)性質(zhì)，作用條件溫和，以及其意義。酶需要在常溫、常壓和適宜的溫度，正好符合生物體內(nèi)的生活環(huán)境。

（三）課堂小結(jié)

師生邊回憶邊完成知識(shí)框架

七、板書設(shè)計(jì)

二、酶的性質(zhì)

1、催化性 活化能含義

2、高效性

實(shí)質(zhì)：降低了反應(yīng)的活化能

3、特異性（專一性）：（一種酶只催化一種底物的分解）

4、作用條件溫和

第三篇：【典型題】酶促反應(yīng)速率問題的研究

[2003年上海高考生物第11題]下圖縱軸為酶反應(yīng)速度，橫軸為底物濃度，其中正確表示酶量增加1倍時(shí)，底物濃度和反應(yīng)速度關(guān)系的是

命題者提供的參考答案是B。但在K12生物論壇的討論中，很多老師認(rèn)為應(yīng)該選A。也有老師說雖然知道應(yīng)該選B，但總覺得理由不充分。筆者認(rèn)為，要正確理解這道題目，首先是必須弄懂酶促反應(yīng)速度（題目中如此，其實(shí)正確的說法，應(yīng)該稱為“酶促反應(yīng)速率”）的含義，其次要有酶促反應(yīng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)的有關(guān)知識(shí)作為基礎(chǔ)。下面，筆者先把那些認(rèn)為應(yīng)該選A的老師提出的理由整理出來，然后介紹酶促反應(yīng)速率的含義以及酶促反應(yīng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)的有關(guān)知識(shí)，并在此基礎(chǔ)上闡述該題正確答案是B的理由。1 許多老師錯(cuò)誤地選A的理由

先觀察A、B選項(xiàng)中任何一條曲線，曲線的前半段，隨橫坐標(biāo)底物濃度的增加，縱坐標(biāo)酶促反應(yīng)速度也增加，說明底物濃度是此時(shí)反應(yīng)速度增加的限制因素。此時(shí)，即使增加酶量也不會(huì)使反應(yīng)速度也增加。而曲線的后半段反應(yīng)速度不再隨底物濃度變化而變化，說明底物足夠，此時(shí)底物濃度已不是反應(yīng)速度增加的限制因素了；此時(shí)，酶的數(shù)量則相對(duì)不足，此時(shí)增加酶量會(huì)使反應(yīng)速度加快。綜上所述，正確的曲線應(yīng)該是最初兩條曲線重合，底物濃度足夠多時(shí)才能體現(xiàn)出酶的數(shù)量對(duì)反應(yīng)速度的影響。2 酶促反應(yīng)速率的概念

酶促反應(yīng)的速率（v），一般是以單位時(shí)間內(nèi)底物被分解的量來表示的。假設(shè)x克蔗糖在t時(shí)間內(nèi)被一定的蔗糖酶水解為葡萄糖和果糖，則x/t即為蔗糖酶反應(yīng)的速率。

酶促反應(yīng)在開始的初期速率較大，一定時(shí)間后，由于反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物濃度逐漸增加，反應(yīng)速率漸漸下降，最后完全停止。如果底物濃度相當(dāng)大，而pH及溫度又保持恒定，則在反應(yīng)初期的一定短時(shí)限內(nèi)，酶的反應(yīng)速率尚不受反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物的影響，可以保持不變。故測(cè)酶的反應(yīng)速率一般只測(cè)反應(yīng)開始后的初速，而不是測(cè)反應(yīng)達(dá)到平衡時(shí)所需要的時(shí)間。3 酶促反應(yīng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)（影響酶反應(yīng)的因素）的相應(yīng)知識(shí)

酶促反應(yīng)的速率是受酶濃度、底物濃度、pH、溫度、反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物、變構(gòu)效應(yīng)、活化劑和抑制劑等因素的影響的。下面僅討論與此題有關(guān)的酶濃度和底物濃度的影響。3.1 酶濃度的影響

在有足夠底物的情況下，而又不受其他因素的影響，則酶的反應(yīng)速率（v）與酶濃度成正比。即

v=k[E]………………………………（1）k為反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)，[E]為酶濃度。

因?yàn)橛械孜镒銐虻臈l件，因此，對(duì)任一酶濃度[E]，由（1）式求出的酶的反應(yīng)速率v應(yīng)當(dāng)就是在該酶濃度下的最大反應(yīng)速率Vmax。3.2 底物濃度的影響（米氏方程）

實(shí)驗(yàn)證明：當(dāng)酶濃度、溫度和pH恒定時(shí)，在底物濃度很低的范圍內(nèi)，反應(yīng)初速與底物濃度成正比；此后，隨著底物濃度的增加，反應(yīng)速率的增加量逐漸減少；最后，當(dāng)?shù)孜餄舛仍黾拥揭欢繒r(shí)，反應(yīng)速率達(dá)到一最大值Vmax，此時(shí)再增加底物濃度也不能使反應(yīng)速率再增加。1931年，Michaelis與Menten根據(jù)中間產(chǎn)物理論提出了能表示整個(gè)反應(yīng)中底物濃度與反應(yīng)速率關(guān)系的公式，稱Michaelis-Menten方程或簡(jiǎn)稱米氏方程： v=Vmax[S]/（Km+[S]）………………（2）

公式中，v為反應(yīng)速率，Vmax為最大速率，Km為米氏常數(shù)。

Km是酶的特征常數(shù)之一，在數(shù)值上等于酶促反應(yīng)速率達(dá)到最大速率一半（v=Vmax/2）時(shí)的底物濃度，單位為mol/L。4 正確答案是B的理由

對(duì)于底物濃度較大時(shí)，增加酶量可以增大反應(yīng)速率這一結(jié)論，大家都沒有異議。現(xiàn)在大家爭(zhēng)議的焦點(diǎn)，就是在底物濃度很小時(shí)，增加酶量能否增大反應(yīng)速率？對(duì)于這一問題的不同回答，決定上述高考題的答案選擇：如果回答是肯定的，那么此題的正確答案是B；反之，正確答案就是A了。下面筆者為大家仔細(xì)分析一下這個(gè)問題。

上述題目中只涉及一種酶，從上面引述的酶促反應(yīng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)的相關(guān)知識(shí)中我們看到，對(duì)于同一種酶來說，Km為定值。題目中涉及的酶濃度有2種，從上面引述的酶促反應(yīng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)的相關(guān)知識(shí)中我們看到，酶的最大反應(yīng)速率Vmax與酶濃度[E]成正比。而根據(jù)米氏方程，酶的反應(yīng)速率v與最大速率Vmax成正比。由此我們可以得出結(jié)論：在底物濃度一定時(shí)，酶促反應(yīng)速率v與酶濃度[E]成正比。即使在底物濃度[S]很小時(shí)，酶的濃度不同，反應(yīng)速率也不會(huì)相同。酶的濃度增加1倍，反應(yīng)速率也會(huì)相應(yīng)增加1倍。

這樣看來，上面這道題只能選B，不能選A，理由是很充足的哦！5 從中學(xué)生物范圍內(nèi)怎樣理解這道題

從上述分析中我們看到，要透徹理解這道，需要有關(guān)酶促反應(yīng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，而這些知識(shí)是中學(xué)教材中沒有涉及到的，甚至中學(xué)生物教師用書上也沒有。因此，盡管這道題并沒有什么錯(cuò)誤（“反應(yīng)速度”的提法不妥除外），但有超綱之嫌。

如果要求在中學(xué)生物知識(shí)的范圍內(nèi)，對(duì)這一道題作出合理的解答，確實(shí)比較困難。下面推薦K12生物論壇中一些老師提出的解釋：這個(gè)題目中影響整體反應(yīng)速度的因素有兩個(gè)：一是底物濃度，一是酶的濃度。所以當(dāng)?shù)孜餄舛炔蛔儠r(shí)，酶的濃度決定反應(yīng)速度；當(dāng)酶的濃度不變時(shí)，底物濃度決定反應(yīng)速度。兩個(gè)濃度都變時(shí)，共同決定反應(yīng)速度。老實(shí)說，筆者盡管傾向于支持上述說法，但也覺得它無法圓滿解釋在底物濃度很低的情況下，為什么增加酶量能夠加快反應(yīng)速度。所以筆者想，這可能也算是一個(gè)沒有辦法的辦法罷。12月19日補(bǔ)記：最近又有人在K12論壇上討論這個(gè)試題，網(wǎng)友“小黑牛”提出了下列觀點(diǎn)，似乎有利于在中學(xué)知識(shí)范圍內(nèi)解釋清楚這個(gè)試題：中間產(chǎn)物學(xué)說（E+S-----ES-------E+C+D）認(rèn)為，酶也是反應(yīng)物，只是在這樣的反應(yīng)中，反應(yīng)了的酶又能重新生成。由于酶也是反應(yīng)物，所以增加反應(yīng)物濃度或增加酶的濃度，反應(yīng)速率都會(huì)增大。參考文獻(xiàn)： 鄭集：普通生物化學(xué)，人民教育出版社 張玉中、閻一林：基礎(chǔ)生物化學(xué)問答，科學(xué)普及出版社

（2011上海高考）下圖實(shí)線表示聯(lián)苯水解酶催化的反應(yīng)速率與酶濃度的關(guān)系，虛線表示在其他條件不變的情況下，底物濃度增加一倍，反應(yīng)速度與酶濃度的關(guān)系，能正確表示兩者關(guān)系的是（）

答案：B

第四篇：二酶的特性 教學(xué)案

酶的特性 教案

唐山市遷西縣第二中學(xué) 裴金利

【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】

1、知識(shí)目標(biāo)

（1）理解酶在細(xì)胞代謝中的特性。

（2）理解影響酶活性的條件。

2、能力目標(biāo)：

4、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)

（1）實(shí)驗(yàn)預(yù)期：根據(jù)自己作出的假設(shè)，預(yù)期會(huì)看見怎樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果？并做記錄。

通過實(shí)驗(yàn)，掌握酶的活性受溫度、PH值的影響。

3、情感目標(biāo)：

通過實(shí)驗(yàn)，感受科學(xué)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性。【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】

影響酶活性的條件實(shí)驗(yàn)、酶的特性。【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】

影響酶活性的條件實(shí)驗(yàn)。

【教學(xué)用具】PPT課件、多媒體、教學(xué)案

【教學(xué)方法】結(jié)合學(xué)案進(jìn)行教學(xué)，主要采用自學(xué)指導(dǎo)法、分組討論法、練習(xí)法、演示法講述法等。【教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】2課時(shí)

第一課時(shí)

一、酶的高效性

大量實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，酶的催化效率大約是無機(jī)催化劑的__________倍。

二、酶的專一性

每種酶只能催化___________化學(xué)反應(yīng)，如過氧化氫酶只能催化過氧化氫的分解，脲酶只能催化尿素的分解。細(xì)胞代謝能夠有條不紊地進(jìn)行，與__________是分不開的。

三、探究影響酶活性的條件

酶活性：酶對(duì)化學(xué)反應(yīng)的催化效率稱為酶活性。

（一）PH對(duì)酶活性的影響探究

1、提出問題：

2、作出假設(shè)：

3、材料用具：

（2）本實(shí)驗(yàn)的自變量是什么？因變量是什么？用什么方法控制自變量？（3）對(duì)照組怎樣設(shè)置？你將設(shè)定哪幾個(gè)PH？怎樣將不同溶液的PH分別調(diào)到設(shè)定

5、實(shí)驗(yàn)方法

6、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果： 結(jié)論：

（二）溫度對(duì)酶活性的影響探究、提出問題：、作出假設(shè)：、材料用具：

的數(shù)值？

4、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)

（1）實(shí)驗(yàn)預(yù)期：根據(jù)自己作出的假設(shè)，預(yù)期會(huì)看見怎樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果？并做記錄。

（2）本實(shí)驗(yàn)的自變量是什么？因變量是什么？用什么方法控制自變量？

（3）對(duì)照組怎樣設(shè)置？你將設(shè)定哪幾個(gè)溫度？怎樣將不同溶液的溫度分別調(diào)到設(shè)定的數(shù)值？

5、實(shí)驗(yàn)方法

6、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果：

結(jié)論：

第二課時(shí)

四、酶的作用條件較溫和

酶所催化的化學(xué)反應(yīng)一般是在____________的條件下進(jìn)行的。在______________________下，酶的活性最高，溫度和pH____________，酶的活性都會(huì)_________。

一般來說，動(dòng)物體內(nèi)的酶最適溫度在___________之間，植物體內(nèi)的酶最適溫度在__________之間，細(xì)菌和真菌體內(nèi)的酶有的最適溫度高達(dá)________。

動(dòng)物體內(nèi)的酶最適pH大多在_________之間，但也有例外，如胃蛋白酶的最適pH為______，植物體內(nèi)的酶最適評(píng)pH大多在____________之間。____________或溫度_____，會(huì)使_______________遭到破壞，使酶________。0℃左右時(shí)，酶的_______，但酶的______________，在適宜的溫度下酶的活性可以_______。因此酶制劑適于在________________下保存。

【課堂練習(xí)】

1、關(guān)于酶的特性，下列表述中錯(cuò)誤的是（）A、酶是活細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的具有催化能力的有機(jī)物 B、化學(xué)反應(yīng)前后，酶的化學(xué)性質(zhì)和數(shù)量不變

C、酶的催化效率很高，但易受溫度和酸堿度影響 D、一旦離開活細(xì)胞，酶就失去催化能力

2、用純唾液和用稀釋10倍的唾液做唾液淀粉酶的催化實(shí)驗(yàn)，其效果完全相同，這說明酶具有（）

A、專一性 B、多樣性 C、高效性 D、多變性

3、能水解脂肪酶的酶是（）A、淀粉酶 B、蛋白酶 C、脂肪酶 D、麥芽糖酶

4、人在發(fā)高燒時(shí)，常常食欲大減，最根本的原因是（）A.所吃食物不能消化 B.胃沒有排空

C.體溫超過合適溫度，消化酶的活性下降 D.吃藥使人沒有了胃口

5、胃蛋白酶在進(jìn)入小腸后就幾乎沒有了催化作用，主要原因是（）

A.pH不適合 B.胃中已經(jīng)起了消化作用，不能再起作用了 C.被小腸中的物質(zhì)包裹起來，所以起不到催化作用 D.小腸中沒有蛋白質(zhì)可被消化 課堂練習(xí)

6、下列有關(guān)酶的敘述錯(cuò)誤的是()

A.組成大多數(shù)酶的基本單位是氨基酸 B.少數(shù)酶是RNA

C.每種酶都具有高效性，專一性 D.酶都具有消化功能

7、將唾液淀粉酶先放入沸水中2分鐘，再放在37℃的恒溫水浴中，酶的催化效率前后變化是()A、不斷降低 B、先升后降 C、先降后升 D、沒有變化

8、加酶洗衣粉中一般含有蛋白酶，請(qǐng)回答下面的問題：（1）這種洗衣粉為什么能夠很好地除去衣物上的奶漬和血漬？

（2）使用這種洗衣粉為什么要用溫水？

（3）含有蛋白酶的洗衣粉不宜用來洗滌下列哪些衣料？（）A.化纖 B.純毛 C.純棉 D.真絲

（4）為了更好地除去衣物上的油漬，在洗衣粉中還可以加入什么酶？

【作業(yè)】 1.加酶洗衣粉不能用沸水溶解，這說明了酶的作用（）A．適用低溫下催化 B．具有高效性 C．需適宜的溫度 D．具有專一性

2.人的血液中碳酸酐酶的1個(gè)分子，每分鐘可催化1900萬個(gè)碳酸分子，這說明酶具有（）

A．多樣性 B．專一性 C．可控性 D．高效性 3.下列有關(guān)酶的敘述正確的是（）

A．都是活細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的，在細(xì)胞內(nèi)起作用

B．酶的產(chǎn)生受遺傳物質(zhì)控制，也可從食物中獲取

C．酶是活細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的具有催化作用的有機(jī)物，其中絕大多數(shù)酶是蛋白質(zhì) D．酶在催化過程中不斷被消耗 4.下列說法正確的是（）A．酶就是蛋白質(zhì)

B．由于酶比無機(jī)催化劑具有更高的催化速率，所以反應(yīng)前后本身的數(shù)量也減少的多 C．酶的活性與PH、溫度等因素有關(guān)

D．酶不能脫離生物體起作用

5.能正確說明酶不同于一般催化劑的催化特性之一的是（）A．酶都是蛋白質(zhì)

B．酶是活細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的，只能在生物體內(nèi)發(fā)揮催化作用 C．酶的活性隨著溫度升高而不斷提高

D．每一種酶只能催化一種或一類物質(zhì)的化學(xué)反應(yīng)

6.唾液淀粉酶進(jìn)入胃后就失去其催化作用，主要原因是（）A．酸堿度不適宜 B．胃蛋白酶抑制了唾液淀粉酶的作用 C．胃中沒有淀粉 D．唾液淀粉酶被分解

7.研究表明：一分子過氧化氫酶能在1分鐘內(nèi)是5×10個(gè)過氧化氫分子分解成氧和水，相當(dāng)于Fe3+催化速度的109倍，但是對(duì)糖的水解卻不起作用，這個(gè)事實(shí)說明酶分別具有（）

A．多樣性，穩(wěn)定性 B．高效性，多樣性 C．高效性，專一性 D．高效性，穩(wěn)定性

8.下圖中，橫軸均表示酶的反應(yīng)條件，縱軸為酶促反應(yīng)速度，能正確反映溫度和PH值與酶促反應(yīng)速度的關(guān)系是（）

A．甲和丙 B．甲和乙 C．都是丙 D．都是丁

甲 乙

丙 丁

9.10℃（X）、40℃（Y）、80℃（Z）條件下，人唾液淀粉酶的活性是（）A．X＞Y＞Z B．Z＞Y＞X C．X＞Z＞Y D．Y＞X＞Z 10.分別用0℃和100℃的溫度處理淀粉酶后，酶都沒有活性，但（）A．經(jīng)過0℃處理的酶的活性能夠恢復(fù) B．經(jīng)過0℃處理的酶空間結(jié)構(gòu)遭到破壞 C．經(jīng)過100℃處理的酶的活性能夠恢復(fù) D．經(jīng)過100℃處理的酶被水解成了氨基酸

5【課后反思】

酶的特性實(shí)驗(yàn)參考資料

探究影響酶活性的條件

（一）PH對(duì)酶活性的影響探究

材料用具：

新鮮的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為20%的肝臟研磨液、質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為3%的過氧化氫溶液、質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為5%鹽酸、質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為5%的NaOH溶液、蒸餾水 試管、量筒、滴管、pH試紙 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法

（1）取三支試管，編號(hào)為1、2、3號(hào)，分別加入2mL質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為3%的過氧化氫溶液。

（2）取三支試管，編號(hào)為1′、2′、3′號(hào)，分別加入2mL蒸餾水、質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為5%鹽酸、質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為5%的NaOH溶液，搖勻。

（3）分別把1′號(hào)試管液體倒入1號(hào)試管、2′號(hào)試管液體倒入2號(hào)試管、3′號(hào)試管液體倒入3號(hào)試管，搖勻。

（4）觀察這三支試管中產(chǎn)生氣泡的情況。

（二）溫度對(duì)酶活性的影響探究 材料用具

質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為2%的新配制的淀粉酶溶液、質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為3%的可溶性淀粉溶液、熱水、蒸餾水、冰塊、碘液

試管、量筒、滴管、燒杯、溫度計(jì)、試管夾、酒精燈、三角架、石棉網(wǎng)、火柴

實(shí)驗(yàn)方法

（1）取三支試管，編號(hào)為1、2、3號(hào)，分別加入2mL質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為3%的可溶性淀粉溶液。

（2）取三支試管，編號(hào)為1′、2′、3′號(hào)，分別加入質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為2%的新配制的淀粉酶溶液。

（3）將裝有淀粉溶液和淀粉酶溶液的試管分為三組：1和1′、2和2′、3和3′，分別放入熱水（約60℃）、沸水和冰塊中，維持各自溫度5min。

（4）分別將淀粉酶溶液注入相同溫度下的淀粉溶液中，搖勻后，維持各自溫度5min。

（5）在三支試管中各滴入1-2滴碘液，搖勻。

（6）觀察這三支試管中溶液的顏色變化。

作業(yè)答案 1-5CDCCD 6-10ACCDA

第五篇：閱讀理解教學(xué)案0

閱讀理解教學(xué)案（理科）

制作人：岳光艷 審核人：明文玲 使用時(shí)間：_____ ——課前預(yù)習(xí)案——

閱讀中幾種題目的對(duì)策: 1）細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題：標(biāo)志：fact（from the fact we could learn）（we learn from the fact that）細(xì)節(jié)實(shí)事題中常見的迷惑手段：?jiǎn)卧~替換；常識(shí)判斷；顛倒因果；偷換概念；擴(kuò)大范圍

2）例證題：標(biāo)志：example,illastration,case/examplify,illastrate,demostrate 返回原文找出該例證（定位）90％向上,10% 向下搜索例證支持的觀點(diǎn)3）詞匯題：標(biāo)志：在題干中明確指出原文中某處的單詞或詞組要求急于解釋判斷該詞是否超綱若未超出大綱則其常見意思必然不是正確答案，其正確答案是根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)處的一個(gè)深刻涵義或生僻涵義若為超綱詞或?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)人不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，則其字面意思或常見意思就是正確答案。4）句子理解題：標(biāo)志：在題干中明確提出原文中某處的一個(gè)句子要求進(jìn)行理解。返回原文找出該句，并對(duì)其意思進(jìn)行精確理解，必要時(shí)進(jìn)行語法分析。正確答案是與原句意思最接近最一致的一個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

——課中探究案——

Body and Food Your body, which has close relations with the food you eat, is the most important thing you own, so it needs proper treatment and proper nourishment(營(yíng)養(yǎng)).The old saying “An apple a day keeps the doctor away ” is not as silly as some people think.The body needs fruit and vegetables because they contain vitamin C.Many people take extra vitamins in pill form, believing that these will make them healthy.But a good diet is made up of nourishing food and this gives all the vitamins you need.The body doesn’t need or use extra vitamins, so why waste money on them?

In the modern western world, many people are too busy to bother about eating properly.They throw anything into their stomachs, eating hurriedly and carelessly.The list of illnesses caused or made worse by bad eating habits is frightening.1.“Your body has close relations with the food you eat.”It really means that

.A.all kinds of food you eat can be made into your body B.your body is made up of the food you eat C.what you eat has a great effect on your health D.the more you eat, the fitter you will feel 2.The old saying referred to in the passage tells us that ______.A.eating apples regularly does lots of good to our health B.the apple is the best among all kinds of fruits C.apples can take the place of doctors

D.an apple is a sure cure for illness 3.In the second paragraph, the writer tries to let us know ______.A.our bodies need food or we can’ t live

B.often eating apples is a good habit C.taking vitamin pills is completely useless

D.a good diet is of great importance for our health 4.In the modern western countries ______.A.people don 't want to pay more attention to their eating B.lots of people’ s illnesses are caused or made worse by bad eating habits C.people throw everything into their stomachs without chewing D.people are only too busy to cook meals for themselves

5.From the passage we can draw a conclusion that if we want to keep healthy, we should ______.A.only eat an apple a day

B.eat improperly C.take as many vitamin pills as possible D.throw something into our stomachs slowly and carefully ——課后鞏固案——

A

Dear Mr.President, I would like to personally thank you for your time and concern for our great country.I would like to take a few minutes to address a few concerns that I have with the United States.First of all, I would like to address the war.In my opinion, we should have never been involved with Iraq to the extent that we are now.I believe we should pull our troops out.However, I think there should be a timetable that we follow but the timetable should not be released because the enemy does not need to know when we are going to pull out.Also, the war takes out a ton of our money, which leads me to my next issue.The economy right now, in the opinion of many Americans is the biggest issue with which we are facing right now.No one can predict what will happen one day or the next.The obvious thing to do is to put 700 billion dollars in the economy, but that bill failed and was rejected by the House of Representatives.Instead of putting 700 billion dollars in, I think the money should be equally distributed among Americans to pay off their debts.I’m not sure if this would work, but I think it is a positive alternative we could take.My final issue I would like to call to your attention is teachers’ salaries.The high school students of today are America’s future.In a way, America’s future depends greatly on the high school teachers of America.Saying this, it is sad that teachers’ salaries are where they are.While teachers are working harder and harder every day to teach high school students, CEOs of big companies that are driving our country’s economy into the ground are getting bonuses.I’m not saying that teachers’ salaries should be the same of CEOs of companies, but I do strongly believe that action should be taken to increase the salaries of teachers because they have one of the most important jobs in America---preparing our country for the future.Once again, thank you for your time and your effort you put into making this great country a better place.Sincerely, Walker 1.What’s the author’s attitude towards the Iraq War?

A.Supportive

B.Objective

C.Negative D.Positive 2.What’s true about the time of pulling the troops out?

A.We should pull the troops out without delay.B.There is no need to have a timetable to follow.C.The public has the right to know the timetable.D.We should keep the time secret from the enemy.3.According to the author, the 700 billion dollars ______________ A.is the biggest issue with which we are facing right now.B.has been accepted by the House of Representatives.C.should be equally shared among Americans.D.should be put in the economy.4.When talking about high school teachers, the author thinks that _______________ A.the teachers’ salaries are not high enough.B.the teachers’ salaries should be as high as CEOs’.C.the teachers work harder than CEOs of companies.D.teaching is more important than any other job in America.5.Which of the topics is NOT included in the letter? A.Election

B.International affair

C.Finance D.Education

B Not too long ago, our teacher, being a “tree-hugger”(as the kids call her), had us write an essay on an environmental issue.I was eager to start, but something made me stop.“What is an environmental issue ?” one kid asked.“What if we don’t care about the environment ?” another complained.“ It’s not like it affects me.”

These comments astounded me.I have always cared about the environment and assumed that others did too.From the surprised look on my teacher’s face, I could tell she felt the same way.In no time, I finished my essay.In my essay I wrote about logging(伐木), which is an important industry, but if we continue to cut down trees without replacing them, it will damage the environment.There are so many things that we can do to save our world.Recycling, of course, is always a good thing, but not everyone has a recycling plant nearby(I don’t).There are other ways to help the environment.Plant a tree.Don’t waste water.I can’t stand it when a person’s excuse for not caring is “Nothing’s going to happen in my lifetime, so why should I care ?” Sure, the chances of something terrible happening are slim, but I want people to realize that if we don’t deal with it, someone will have to eventually.Do you want that to be your children ?

When my teacher told me to read my essay to my class, I was a little embarrassment because I didn’t want everyone to call me “tree-hugger”.I realize now that if being a tree-hugger means you cares about the environment, I’m a tree-hugger 100 percent.I just wish more people were too.1.Why do the students call her teacher “tree-hugger” ?

A．She likes hugging trees.B．She knows a lot about trees.C．She grew up in the country.D．She cares a lot about the environment.2.The underlined word in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by ____.A．helped B．changed C．shocked D．interested 3.Paragraph 5 is mainly about ____.A．what we can recycle

B．how we can save the earth C．why we should protect the earth

D．what damage we are doing to the earth 4.We can infer from the text that _____

A．the students don’t like the teacher

B．the teacher liked the author’s essay C．the author is ashamed of being a tree-hugger D．the author should have written a better essay

C Here is a true story about a famous man who worked in the White House and a criminal.They once faced the same thing: their mother gave them apples when they were young.The criminal said: one day, my mother brought some apples and asked my brother and me: “Which do you want?” “The reddest and biggest one,” my little brother said.My mother stared at him and said to him angrily: “You should learn to give the good things to others;you shouldn’t always think of yourself.” Seeing this, I suddenly changed my idea and then said to my mother: “Mum, please give me the smaller one and give the bigger one to my little brother.” Hearing my words, my mother was very happy.She kissed me on my face and gave the reddest and biggest apple to me as a prize.From then on, I learned to tell lies, fight, steal and rob.In order to get what I wanted, I played hard.As a result, I was sent into prison.The famous man from the White House said: One day, my mother brought some apples.She said to my brother and me: “You all want the reddest and biggest one, right? Well, let’s have a competition.Now I divide the grassland in front of the gate into two and I will give one to each of you and you must shear(修剪)it well.And I will give the reddest and biggest apple to him who does it the most quickly and best.”

After the competition, I won and I got the biggest apple.In our family, as long as you want to get the best things, you must take part in competition.I think it is fair.No matter what you want, you must pay lots of efforts.1.The criminal got the reddest and biggest apple because ______.A．he told the truth that he wanted a smaller one B．his mother loved him more than she loved the younger brother C．elder brother should of course have the bigger one D．he knew how to make his mother happy from her answer 2.We can conclude from the passage that______.A．it’s important to make children aware that no matter what they want, they must pay work B．it’s wrong to ask children to choose apples when they are not old enough C．it’s wrong to ask children not to always think of themselves

D．it’s always necessary to have a competition when we give children apple 3.The writer tells the story by_____.A．organizing it in the order of time B．making a comparison between two men C．providing some scientific information D．describing it in the order of space 4.It is implied in the passage that______.A．we should always try to win competitions which can bring us a lot B．in order to get what we want, we should play hard C．giving children apples will lead them to become criminals D．a(chǎn) mother’s educational method has a great influence on a child’s growing

【小題1】Which of the following is true of the membership card? A．Its number is l0865 305305.B．It belongs to Mr.E.M.Driscoll.C．It is valid through the year of 2010.D．It gets the owner a discount when used.【小題2】If one wants to attend a business lunch in London at l2：00,the latest train that he should take at Oxford leaves at.A．11：45 B．11：15 C．10：35 D．10：05 【小題3】If you would like to have some vegetable beef, what may be your choice? A．French Slam?

B．Chicken-Fried Steak? C．The Super Bird? D．Sandwich with Salad or Soup? 【小題4】The chart shows that from 2005 to 2008，A．the percentage of the Spanish families with a computer rose 35 points B．the percentage of the White families with a computer remained unchanged C．the number of the Black families with a computer was on the decrease D．the number of the Asian families with a computer showed the sharpest increase 【答案】

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標(biāo)題/來源：2013-2014學(xué)年河北石家莊無極中學(xué)高二上期第一次月考英語卷（帶解析），日期：2013/11/4 【題文】One day an out of work mimic(滑稽演員)is visiting the zoo and attempts to earn some money as a street performer.As soon as he starts to draw the crowd，a zoo keeper grabs him and drags him into his office.The zoo keeper explains to the mimic that the zoo's most popular attraction，a gorilla(大猩猩)，has died suddenly and the keeper fears that attendance at the zoo will fall off.He offers the mimic a job to dress up as the gorilla until they can get another one.The mimic accepts.So the next morning the mimic puts on the gorilla suit and enters the cage before the crowd comes.He discovers that it's a great job.He can sleep all he wants，play and make fun of people and he draws bigger crowds than he ever did as a mimic.However，eventually the crowds tire of him and he tires of just swinging on wires.He begins to notice that the people are paying more attention to the lion in the cage next to his.Not wanting to lose the attention of his audience，he climbs to the top of his cage，crawls across a partition(隔離物)，and dangles from the top to the lion's cage.Of course，this makes the lion very angry，but the crowd loves it.At the end of the day the zoo keeper comes and gives the mimic a raise for being such a good attraction.Well，this goes on for some time－the mimic keeps taunting the lion，the crowds grow larger，and his salary keeps going up.Then one terrible day when he is dangling over the angry lion he slips and falls.The mimic is terrified.The lion gathers itself and prepares to attack.The mimic is so scared that he begins to run round and round the cage with the lion close behind.Finally，the mimic starts screaming and yelling，“Help me，help me！”But the lion is quick and attacks.The mimic soon finds himself flat on his back looking up at the angry lion and the lion says，“Shut up，you idiot！Do you want to get us both fired？”

【小題1】The mimic visits the zoo to________.A．take care of the dying gorilla B．beg some money from the zoo keeper C．a(chǎn)sk for a job there D．perform and earn some money there 【小題2】The zoo keeper offers the mimic a job to act as the gorilla because________.A．it is more expensive to hire a real gorilla B．the real gorilla died but the keeper does not want to lose its visitors C．he likes the mimic's performance D．he wants to help the mimic who is out of work 【小題3】What does the mimic feel about the new job at first? A．He likes it because he has enough freedom in the job.B．He likes it but he prefers to working as a mimic.C．He doesn't like it for people do not respect him.D．He doesn't like it because he gets little pay.【小題4】The mimic climbs to the lion's cage because________.A．he finds it more interesting to climb the cage B．he wants to play with the lion C．he wants to attract the attention of his audience D．he has never seen a lion before 【小題5】What does the passage mainly tell us? A．The mimic and his job B．The mimic and his success C．The actor and the mimic D．The mimic and his animals 【答案】

抱歉！您的用戶級(jí)別不夠，不能查看試題答案和解析。普通用戶不能查看試題答案和解析。點(diǎn)擊查看解決辦法。題號(hào)：1775737，題型：閱讀理解，難度：較易 標(biāo)題/來源：2014屆江西南昌三中高三8月第一次月考英語卷（帶解析），日期：2013/11/1 【題文】I was reading these interesting stories behind a group of great logos in the world.Personally Nike is my favorite one – it’s so simple.And I liked the stories behind them, which made me forget all other things.McDonald’s, Apple, Mercedes Benz and Adidas own great logos as well, and they are among my favorites.Nike In the Greek myth, Nike is the goddess of victory and the source of inspiration for soldiers.This logo represents the wing in the famous statue of the Greek goddess.Nike’s logo was designed by Carolyn Davidson in 1971 for $ 35, and was registered as a trademark in 1995.McDonald’s

The logo was designed in 1962 by Jim Schindler to resemble the archshaped(拱形的)signs on the side of the company’s then walk-up hamburger stand.Later on, the two golden arches were combined together to form the M.The McDonald’s name was added to the logo in 1968.Apple There are different stories behind Apple’s logo.The first logo was a reference to the religious story of Adam and Eve, in which the apple represented the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge.One year later, the second logo was designed in 1977 by Steve Jobs and Ronald Wayne, and it described Sir Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree.This logo didn’t stay long.One year later it was replaced almost immediately by graphic designer Rob Janoff’s “rainbow apple”, a rainbow-colored silhouette(輪廓)of an apple with a bite taken out of it.And then the rainbow-colored apple was replaced by the one-colored logo in 1998.It has not been changed so far.Mercedes Benz The Mercedes Benz logo, which was originally created by Gottlieb Daimler in 1909, consists of a simple description of a three-pointed star that represents its rule of the land, the sea and the air.The company was founded by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach.Mercedes is the name of Maybach’s elder daughter, while Benz came as a result of a combination with Benz, Cie and DMG in 1926.Adidas The Adidas logo, which was created by the founder of the company Adi Dassler, represents mountains, pointing towards the challenges that are seen ahead and goals that can be achieved.The logo was used for the first time in 1967.【小題1】What does the author think of the stories of the great logos? A．They are attractive.B．They are practical C．They are boring.D．They are out of date 【小題2】What does Nike’s logo stand for? A．The statue of the Greek goddess.B．The wing of the Greek goddess.C．The goddess of victory.D．The source of inspiration for soldiers.【小題3】We can learn that Apple’s present logo is ______.A．Newton’s sitting under an apple tree B．the rainbow-colored bitten apple C．the religious story of Adam and Eve D．a(chǎn) bitten apple with only one color 【小題4】______ stands for the rule of the land, the sea and the air.A．The Mercedes logo B．The Adidas logo C．Nike’s logo D．Apple’s logo

【小題5】Which of the following time orders describes the births of the great logos? A．McDonald’s – Apple – Nike – Mercedes Benz.B．Nike– Mercedes Benz – McDonald’s – Apple.C．Mercedes Benz –McDonald’s – Nike – Apple.D．Nike– McDonald’s – Apple – Mercedes Benz.【答案】

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標(biāo)題/來源：2014屆江西吉水中學(xué)高三（實(shí)驗(yàn)班）上期10月英語卷（帶解析），日期：2013/11/1 【題文】“Just take a deep breath.” “Don’t think about it.” “You’re more likely to die in a car wreck on the way to the airport than you are in a plane crash.” These are just some words given to people with a fear of flying.But as Tom Cruise, playing Lt.Daniel Kaffee in the movie A Few Good Men, said, “I get sick when I fly because I’m afraid of crashing into a large mountain.I don’t think Daniel will help.”

But there’s a new application that just may.Today, the VALK Foundation, a Dutch group that’s a partnership between KLM Royal Dutch Airlines and the University of Leiden, launches the app(application)in the US.The VALK Foundation was one of the first centers for research and fear-of-flying treatment in the world and is the organizer of three world conferences on fear of flying.The foundation said the app, called Flight App VALK, is the first scientifically-developed, web-based treatment for people who suffer from mild to moderate fear of flying.“The fear-of-flying application we have created aims to transfer all of the knowledge we have developed through our program into a mobile application that will help ease travelers’ fears,” said Dr.Lucas van Gerwen, director of the VALK Foundation.Dr.van Gerwen is also a psychologist and professional pilot with more than 30 years experience.The foundation said up to 30% of adults are fearful fliers.The Flight App is designed to help relax passengers before and during flights by educating users about flight safety and turbulence.It explains the sounds and sensations(感覺)they can expect during departure, flight and landing.And, if a passenger’s flight stress reaches a panic level, they press a special panic button which provides audio and written information to help decrease stress levels.Most importantly, the Flight App can be used during the flight in the airplane mode.Once downloaded, the program does not require Internet connection in the air.【小題1】By saying the words at the beginning of the passage, people are expected to ______.A．decrease their fear of flying B．get rid of their doubt about plane C．have a good time on their flight journey D．use some medicine to cure their fear of flying 【小題2】According to the passage, the VALK Foundation ______.A．is a group focusing on psychology on the flight B．was the first center to do research into fear of flying C．organizes the world conferences on fear of flying annually D．focuses on researching and offering treatment on fear of flying 【小題3】Flight App VALK is aimed to ______.A．help passengers experience the fear of flying B．help relax passengers before and during flights C．treat people who suffer from mild fear of flying D．teach people the basic knowledge of taking flight 【小題4】What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．Many adults are suffering from fear of flying B．It’s convenient for people to use the Flight App C．Many planes will be installed with the Flight App.D．The Flight App can decrease stress levels effectively 【小題5】In which column of a newspaper can we read this passage? A．Culture B．Entertainment C．Technology 【答案】

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D．Education