第一篇:托福聽力筆記技巧+常用符號
托福聽力筆記技巧+常用符號
托福聽力講座部分內(nèi)容很多,學(xué)生往往很難把握這部分聽力內(nèi)容,托福聽力筆記就顯得很重要,那讓我們一起來看看做托福聽力筆記有哪些技巧吧!
托福聽力筆記技巧一:確定記錄內(nèi)核心話題
托福聽力正式開始之前會有一個簡短介紹,之后屏幕上會出現(xiàn)一些和托福聽力內(nèi)容相關(guān)的,可以幫助我們確定托福聽力核心話題的提示,例如,listen to a conversation between a professor and student in a professor and student.從中可以知道下面對話內(nèi)容的場景:biology class,然后會出現(xiàn)一個圖片,里面文字為:Friends of the Earth, Biology class。后面還會有一個對話內(nèi)容的圖片。通過這些文字和圖片,我們可以推斷這個對話的主題為與人類地球有關(guān)的一個結(jié)構(gòu),這樣機(jī)構(gòu)主要會負(fù)責(zé)環(huán)保事宜。確定主題可以讓考生懸著的心落地。
確定托福聽力核心話題后,就是記錄與其相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié),主要的細(xì)節(jié)為what , when, where , who , why和 how等。注意記錄對話和演講中信息引導(dǎo)詞和信息引導(dǎo)句后面的信息,例如,F(xiàn)irst ??, let's look at the ??, Now, Let's move on to ??, in the nest part of lecture ,I 'd like to talk about ??
托福聽力筆記技巧二:記清開頭
托福聽力的開頭部分一般是出主旨題的考點(diǎn),所以我們需要特別注意聽力材料開頭部分關(guān)鍵詞之后的內(nèi)容,也就是我們需要找到的主旨。
我們需要記錄的是“l(fā)et’s talk about?/Today I wanna talk about?/ let’s continue our discussion about?”等之后的名詞性短語,也就是文章的主旨。比如:Today we are going to talk about a film-maker who began making very unique films in the late 1920s。關(guān)鍵詞“we are going to talk about”之后的名詞性短語就是我們需要文章的主旨——一個風(fēng)格獨(dú)特的早期電影人。
托福聽力筆記技巧三:記錄主要分支、分論點(diǎn)
分支和分論點(diǎn)一般在總分結(jié)構(gòu)的文章,以及一些描述事情發(fā)展的條件或者過程中都會涉及。我們需要特別注意教授提到的明確或隱含的分支分類,以及過程類的關(guān)鍵詞。要對分類,過程,對比的具體內(nèi)容敏感,并且進(jìn)行簡要的記錄。
比如關(guān)于章魚的講座中,教授就明確地提到了其保護(hù)自己的三種方式:by changing color, by changing its texture, and by changing its size and shape,之后的講座中就分別詳細(xì)的介紹了
這三種方式是如何進(jìn)行的。在記筆記的過程中,需要記錄三個分支相應(yīng)的主要內(nèi)容。
托福聽力筆記技巧四:記錄舉出的例子
在托福聽力材料中聽到教授舉例的時候往往也是出考點(diǎn)的地方,這時候我們需要注意教授舉例的主要內(nèi)容,以及這個例子想要表達(dá)或者支持的觀點(diǎn)是什么。舉例的信號詞不需多講,最常見的比如:for example, for instance, say等等,聽到這些詞匯的時候我們的耳朵需要特別的敏感。
為了更好的掌握以上托福聽力筆記技巧,我們需要了解以下托福聽力筆記原則:
托福聽力筆記原則1:豎寫原則
每次考試拿3張A4紙,要好好利用這個紙頭。
兩/三折,一個目的是省紙,另外一個目的是不會凌亂
最主要原因是:出題按篇章順序,定位方便
托福聽力筆記原則2:換行原則
每行建議記不超過三個單詞
強(qiáng)迫自己要換行,這樣子每行單詞不超過三個的話就清晰可見,并且可以有效防止筆記自己都看不懂的情況。
托福聽力筆記原則3:名詞為主原則
挑關(guān)鍵詞記~!而且尤其推薦記名詞!
為何記名詞呢?首先是因?yàn)橹髡Z和賓語都是名詞,其次,名詞的不可替換性大。
動詞是邏輯性腦子記更強(qiáng)更快!而且替換行大。
長名詞建議縮寫,七萬不可以因?yàn)橛浌P記而漏聽信息
我們的目標(biāo)不是為了記筆記而記筆記!
托福聽力筆記原則4:縮寫原則
(1)英英
?首字母大寫記:專有名詞
?輔音:去掉所有元音,只留輔音
詞匯太長的不太建議
短的單詞,元音多的可以
manage=mng
message=msg
research=rsch
market=mkt
apartment=apt
?去尾:幾乎所有單詞適用
名詞結(jié)尾的后綴全部去尾
advertisement=ad
information=info
insurance=ins
(2)英中
mountain=山
托福聽力筆記原則5:數(shù)字不記原則
出現(xiàn)年代順序的可以留意
排序題雖然少但是可以關(guān)注
年代對比~!
托福聽力筆記原則6:符號原則
建議擁有自己的符號系統(tǒng)
寒暄類語句不關(guān)注
重復(fù)的信息前面引下來,不需要重復(fù)記。下面,梳理了托福聽力筆記中常用的符號系統(tǒng):
↑表示“上升、快速上升、快速發(fā)展、快速上漲等”
↓表示“下降、減少、急劇下降、急速下跌等”;
↗表示“緩慢上升,緩慢發(fā)展、緩慢上漲等”;
←表示“返回,倒退等”;
→表示“達(dá)到,至,導(dǎo)致,前進(jìn)等”;
+表示“加,增加,此外,另外,又加之”;
—表示“減少,減”;
>表示“多于,大于,強(qiáng)于”;
<表示“少于,小于,不如”;
∵表示“因?yàn)椋捎凇?
∴表示“所以,因此”;
=表示“等于,相同,與??相同”。
t表示thousand;
m;表示million;
b表示 billion;
1st表示first。
第二篇:雅思聽力技巧:用數(shù)學(xué)符號提高效率
http://ielts.100.com
雅思聽力技巧:用數(shù)學(xué)符號提高效率
摘要:雅思聽力:用數(shù)學(xué)符號提高效率由100教育小編提供,希望這篇文章對大家有所幫助,更多關(guān)于雅思口語注意事項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容請訪問100教育雅思板塊。
+ 表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2)表示“多”的比較級:more
+3 表示“多”的最高級:most
-表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.× 表示“錯誤”、“失誤”和“壞”的概念:wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc.> 表示“多于”概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示“高” 概念:superior to,surpass, etc.< 表示“少于”概念:less/smaller,etc.表示“低”概念:inferior to,etc.= 表示“同等”概念:means,that is to say,in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc.表示“對手”概念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.()表示“在......之間”:among, within, etc.≠ 表示“不同”概念:be different from, etc.表示“無敵”概念:matchless, peerless, etc.~ 表示“大約”概念:about/around,or so,approximately, etc./ 表示“否定”,“消除”等概念:cross out, eliminate, etc.為了能夠更快的跟上雅思聽力速度而且準(zhǔn)確的寫出所聽到的詞匯,考生朋友們可以看看以上所介紹的雅思聽力數(shù)學(xué)符號縮寫詞匯形式,既節(jié)省時間也可以幫助考生們更好的理解內(nèi)容。
文章來源:100教育
第三篇:托福聽力技巧歸納之聽VOA
托福聽力技巧歸納之聽VOA 官方網(wǎng)站:
托福聽力技巧歸納之聽VOA。下面為大家總結(jié)了托福聽力水平提高的相關(guān)方法技巧,即經(jīng)常聽VOA,并做了具體說明,供同學(xué)們下載進(jìn)行參考。
經(jīng)常聽VOA能夠提高聽力水平。新托福聽力能力的提高冰凍三尺非一日之寒,我們需要在平常的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴開始托福聽力能力的提高和積累。
我先后考過兩次托福,第一次102分,第二次108分,在第二次考試?yán)锫犃尤粷M分,挺驚喜的。我真正開始投入大量時間準(zhǔn)備托福大概有3個月。由于還在上課,每天準(zhǔn)備托福的時間也就是4小時左右。但平時去教室的路上、坐公交、吃飯時也經(jīng)常是戴著耳機(jī)聽VOA、《科學(xué)美國人》還有《托福高分作文》配套音頻。這種零碎時間加起來平均每天也應(yīng)該有一個小時,閑暇時間也經(jīng)常是關(guān)了字幕看英文電影。
一般情況下,尤其是對于像我這種工科生,大學(xué)里在準(zhǔn)備GT之前是很少會花大量心血準(zhǔn)備英語的。記得有同學(xué)開玩笑說過,如果是高三暑假去考托福就好了。的確,沒有 GT的話,大學(xué)生的英語水平通常是逐年降低的。想讓逐漸降低的英語水平反彈,肯定是需要一番決心的。
做事都要遵循一個循序漸進(jìn)的原則,聽力的提高也不例外。如果一個英語基礎(chǔ)一般的大學(xué)生直接用VOA來練聽力,那多半是堅持不下來的——過高的強(qiáng)度會導(dǎo)致大腦的“罷工”,非常容易走神。我開始練習(xí)聽力時是用老托福的聽力材料,就那種1分多鐘1篇的。這套音頻的語速、內(nèi)容都不算太難理解,而且有對應(yīng)的文章可以看,聽的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)自己哪里跟不上了可以馬上停下來看文章。如果想同時練習(xí)寫作的同學(xué)可以換成《托福高分作文》配套音頻聽。
等到老托福聽力材料已經(jīng)能聽懂80%,就可以提高難度了。作為面向外國人的英語能力測試,老托福的語速、連讀情況和真正美國人說話自然還是有差別。而在老托福的聽力材料之后,我就直接強(qiáng)迫自己聽VOAstandard。這個跨度很大,主要是因?yàn)槲覜]能找到難度居于兩者之間的聽力材料。VOA的語速已經(jīng)比新托福考試要快了,但其價值也正是如此。所謂“求其上上得其上”,如果把VOA都能聽懂,還怕托福聽力嗎?但果不其然,初聽VOA時我大腦出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重的“罷工”現(xiàn)象,常常沒聽幾分鐘就走神了。為了讓自己集中注意力,我開始“聽說”。
第四篇:托福聽力技巧小結(jié)之學(xué)聽開頭信息
官方網(wǎng)站:
托福聽力技巧小結(jié)之學(xué)聽開頭信息
下面為大家整理了托福聽力考試技巧,即要快速抓住開頭信息,供同學(xué)們進(jìn)行參考下載。
托福聽力要學(xué)會抓住開頭信息。托福聽力要學(xué)會抓住關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)這個大家都知道了,那么聽力的這些關(guān)鍵信息都在哪呢?下面的托福聽力技巧就為大家介紹一下如何從開頭攻克聽力,希望對大家提高托福考試聽力成績有幫助。
托福聽力說話者表達(dá)主旨或談話的目的的語句往往出現(xiàn)在開頭的幾句話,是把握全局的重點(diǎn)。
信號詞:(在此建議考生,每天要把所有的信號詞讀個幾遍,強(qiáng)迫自己聽到這個詞馬上反應(yīng)過來這里有考點(diǎn))Today, we’ll focus on/constrated/discuss…。
Today, our topic is…
Let’s…
托福聽力技巧特殊情況(也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)):托福考試聽力開頭會將講一些上次課講的東西,作為復(fù)習(xí),之后才是主旨,我們把這種情況稱為:Miss start
注意:出現(xiàn)Miss Start,上次課講的東西一定要聽,在這部分很可能出細(xì)節(jié)題
Miss Start 信號詞:Before we get started, let’s review what we’ve learned last class…Let’s pick up where we left off last week, OK, as you recall(記得)…
Before we begin our discussion on…(此處為本次主題),Let’s review what we know about…(此處為上次主題)
間接開頭: In your text book, the author says that…(主題出現(xiàn)),I thought we all to/should take sometime to talk about it.(不一定完全一樣,但是類型差不多)
第五篇:托福聽力習(xí)語總結(jié)
主題: 托福聽力筆記(習(xí)語總結(jié))
托福聽力筆記(習(xí)語總結(jié))
lose his cool失去冷靜
cool off 冷靜,天氣變冷
play it cool 冷靜
不介意:not at all, not a bit/little, not in the slightest, not in the least
-不愿讓人做某事:make sb uncomfortable to do sth
-對人寬容go easy on sb.Be lenient with.Be kind to
-擠時間做某事:get around to do sth, take time out/off from doing sth, spare time to do sth, afford time to do sth, squeeze/steal time to do
-健忘slip one's mind/memory.Have a shot memory, not good with..be terrible with..forgetful, absent-minded, scatter-brain, go in one ear and out the other.Wops.-快,馬上:in no time, by and by, on short notice, right now/away/off, in a moment/minute/second
-去哪里,朝哪里去head to/for sw, make for, leave for, set out for, be off to, be away to
-生氣:be put out with sb, be burned up at sb, get one's back up, hit/raise the roof/ceiling, be enraged, get on one's nerve, rub sb the wrong way, annoy/irritate sb.-順便看望:drop/stop/come by/over/in
-太忙heavy/busy/tight schedule
-太熱super/burning/blazing/unbearable/scorcher hot
-聽某人的建議:go by/follow/listen to one's suggestion
-一點(diǎn)也不奇怪:no wonder.Little surprise.-有時,偶而:occasionally, sometimes, every so often, every now and them, every once in a while, at times, from time to time, on and off.-在某方面擅長:know the stuff/ropes/tricks/one's beans
-逐步地:gradually, step by step, bit by bit, little by little, inch by inch , piece by piece, line by line, word by word.-bottom line 說話的核心,well, the bottom line is that…
-check out①檢查,詢問②借書③出院④退房
-come in handy 派上用場,會有用的-for the life of sb無論如何
-get over: ①完成作業(yè)②病全愈③忘掉(不愉快)
-go through ①用完②檢查③經(jīng)歷過④辦手續(xù)
-我認(rèn)為I suspect, 我確認(rèn)I bet, 我估計I expect, 我不認(rèn)為I doubt, 我原以為I thought, 我原以為I was hoping, 我曾經(jīng)是I used to be, 我本應(yīng)該I was supposed to
-on one's way 馬上出發(fā);on the way已經(jīng)在路
-pick up ①取東西②接人③買東西
-put up ①掛起②住宿
-up to :勝任:it's up to sb to do sth, sb is up to doing sth②熬夜sit/be up to do sth③達(dá)到up to sth
托福聽力筆記(聽力句型總結(jié))
-as…as…
as cool as a cucumber, as fit as fiddle, as healthy as horse, as poor as a church mouse, as strong as an ox, as like as two peas(長得象),peas and carrots(形影不離),apples and oranges(大不相同),as proud as peacock, as changeable as moon, as punctual as a church clock, as sly as fox, as light as feather, as hungry as a wolf.-be the last thing +定從,最不希望的,最不需要的,最不愿意的。
-hasn't he, isn't it +ever/though.可不是嗎!(很同意)
-if only 要是…就好了。答案的標(biāo)志是虛擬語氣和wish.-not that, not as…adj….as you think不至于那么過分吧
-不辭辛苦做某事go out of one's way to do.Take great trouble to do sth.Go extra miles to do sth.-吃驚:Jees.Boy!Man!Jesus christ!Dear me!Wow!
-對我都一樣:It makes no difference to me.Does it make any difference.What differencedoes it make.It's all the same to me.-感覺如何:What do you think of sth? How do you like sth? How do you find sth? How do you feel about sth? Would you like A or B? Do you feel like sth? Are you in a mood for anything?
-開玩笑吧:So you say.Pull my leg.-流淚my eyes swim in tears, shed tears of remorse, I can't hold back my tears
-你真了不起:You are somebody.You are a big potato.-提醒:I don't think you'll do… I was wondering if you will do sth.I don't imagine if you do.You have not done sth, have you?
-聽我說:You know why.Tell me why.-我本想做某事(但沒做)I meant to do..should have given.Was supposed to do sth.I have been meaning to..-贊同:You bet.Sure thing.And how.Isn't it though/ever.Go ahead.By all means.-責(zé)備:When will you ever do sth? Do I have to tell you? Don't I tell you sth? Why didn't you…
-怎么了?What's up/matter/wrong with sb? how have you been? How are you coming along/doing? What's new with you?
托福聽力筆記(學(xué)習(xí)場景)
1、論文
-題目難定(太大)too broad a topic
-資料難查(太多)too much material to cover
-多找教授(時間)
-打字困難(機(jī)房)機(jī)少人多,想買機(jī)
2、筆記
-考筆記be based on the lecture/notes
-字難認(rèn)make out/recognize handwriting
3、考試
-永遠(yuǎn)難was supposed to be easy
-不推遲put it off, hold off, delay, postpone
-分?jǐn)?shù)低:及格passing grade,不及格failing grade,好分?jǐn)?shù)perfect grade
-心里不好受down
*take-home exam開卷考試,workshop研討會, seminar研究會
4、評價教授
-小對話中(不好),段子題中(好)
-不遲到punctual/prompt,不早退,常拖堂run over time/late,-要求嚴(yán),出題難,給分低
*聽不懂:be lost/be all at sea/in the dark
*聽懂:figure out/make sense/catch/follow words
*打瞌睡:drop off/doze off, keep watching the clock, keep counting the time.5、作業(yè)
-作業(yè)多:I've had enough of it.(I'll never have enough of it.高興語氣)
*have one's hands full, be tied up, be booked, be up to one's eyes/ears/neck with work.Have a million things to do.Study 48 hours in a day.-想遲交,不遲交:交作業(yè)hand in/ turn in, 遲交extension, 多給時間extra/more time
6、熬夜
-常熬夜:sit up, stay doing sth
-不熬夜 get out of it, wise
7、書店
-有貨沒貨in stock/ out of stock
-印,不印in /out of print
-過時out-dated, 最新的updated/current
-平裝paper back,精裝hard back
8、圖書館
-還書:recall a book, library loan, 續(xù)借renew, 傳記作者biographer, 微縮膠片 microfiche
-罰錢verdue, late return, fine , moratorium(暫停,推遲)
9、電話
-定主題,聽語氣,背套話
* 電話號碼本:yellow pages, telephone directory,干擾static,接通put through
* 占著電話tie up, be off下線斷線,過會打給你get back to sb.10、選課
-先學(xué)入門課intro/basic/prerequisite,再學(xué)高級課,教授得同意approval/permission/signiture
-三大顧慮:too much, too difficult, intro course
-課程難,心情不好
-少選明智,多選犯傻,時刻準(zhǔn)備退課drop
托福聽力筆記(學(xué)習(xí)場景)
1、論文
-題目難定(太大)too broad a topic
-資料難查(太多)too much material to cover
-多找教授(時間)
-打字困難(機(jī)房)機(jī)少人多,想買機(jī)
2、筆記
-考筆記be based on the lecture/notes
-字難認(rèn)make out/recognize handwriting
3、考試
-永遠(yuǎn)難was supposed to be easy
-不推遲put it off, hold off, delay, postpone
-分?jǐn)?shù)低:及格passing grade,不及格failing grade,好分?jǐn)?shù)perfect grade
-心里不好受down
*take-home exam開卷考試,workshop研討會, seminar研究會
4、評價教授
-小對話中(不好),段子題中(好)
-不遲到punctual/prompt,不早退,常拖堂run over time/late,-要求嚴(yán),出題難,給分低
*聽不懂:be lost/be all at sea/in the dark
*聽懂:figure out/make sense/catch/follow words
*打瞌睡:drop off/doze off, keep watching the clock, keep counting the time.5、作業(yè)
-作業(yè)多:I've had enough of it.(I'll never have enough of it.高興語氣)
*have one's hands full, be tied up, be booked, be up to one's eyes/ears/neck with work.Have a million things to do.Study 48 hours in a day.-想遲交,不遲交:交作業(yè)hand in/ turn in, 遲交extension, 多給時間extra/more time
6、熬夜
-常熬夜:sit up, stay doing sth
-不熬夜 get out of it, wise
7、書店
-有貨沒貨in stock/ out of stock
-印,不印in /out of print
-過時out-dated, 最新的updated/current
-平裝paper back,精裝hard back
8、圖書館
-還書:recall a book, library loan, 續(xù)借renew, 傳記作者biographer, 微縮膠片 microfiche
-罰錢verdue, late return, fine , moratorium(暫停,推遲)
9、電話
-定主題,聽語氣,背套話
* 電話號碼本:yellow pages, telephone directory,干擾static,接通put through
* 占著電話tie up, be off下線斷線,過會打給你get back to sb.10、選課
-先學(xué)入門課intro/basic/prerequisite,再學(xué)高級課,教授得同意approval/permission/signiture
-三大顧慮:too much, too difficult, intro course
-課程難,心情不好
-少選明智,多選犯傻,時刻準(zhǔn)備退課drop
托福聽力筆記(學(xué)習(xí)場景)
1、論文
-題目難定(太大)too broad a topic
-資料難查(太多)too much material to cover
-多找教授(時間)
-打字困難(機(jī)房)機(jī)少人多,想買機(jī)
2、筆記
-考筆記be based on the lecture/notes
-字難認(rèn)make out/recognize handwriting
3、考試
-永遠(yuǎn)難was supposed to be easy
-不推遲put it off, hold off, delay, postpone
-分?jǐn)?shù)低:及格passing grade,不及格failing grade,好分?jǐn)?shù)perfect grade
-心里不好受down
*take-home exam開卷考試,workshop研討會, seminar研究會
4、評價教授
-小對話中(不好),段子題中(好)
-不遲到punctual/prompt,不早退,常拖堂run over time/late,-要求嚴(yán),出題難,給分低
*聽不懂:be lost/be all at sea/in the dark
*聽懂:figure out/make sense/catch/follow words
*打瞌睡:drop off/doze off, keep watching the clock, keep counting the time.5、作業(yè)
-作業(yè)多:I've had enough of it.(I'll never have enough of it.高興語氣)
*have one's hands full, be tied up, be booked, be up to one's eyes/ears/neck with work.Have a million things to do.Study 48 hours in a day.-想遲交,不遲交:交作業(yè)hand in/ turn in, 遲交extension, 多給時間extra/more time
6、熬夜
-常熬夜:sit up, stay doing sth
-不熬夜 get out of it, wise
7、書店
-有貨沒貨in stock/ out of stock
-印,不印in /out of print
-過時out-dated, 最新的updated/current
-平裝paper back,精裝hard back
8、圖書館
-還書:recall a book, library loan, 續(xù)借renew, 傳記作者biographer, 微縮膠片 microfiche
-罰錢verdue, late return, fine , moratorium(暫停,推遲)
9、電話
-定主題,聽語氣,背套話
* 電話號碼本:yellow pages, telephone directory,干擾static,接通put through
* 占著電話tie up, be off下線斷線,過會打給你get back to sb.10、選課
-先學(xué)入門課intro/basic/prerequisite,再學(xué)高級課,教授得同意approval/permission/signiture
-三大顧慮:too much, too difficult, intro course
-課程難,心情不好
-少選明智,多選犯傻,時刻準(zhǔn)備退課drop
托福聽力筆記(學(xué)習(xí)場景)
1、論文
-題目難定(太大)too broad a topic
-資料難查(太多)too much material to cover
-多找教授(時間)
-打字困難(機(jī)房)機(jī)少人多,想買機(jī)
2、筆記
-考筆記be based on the lecture/notes
-字難認(rèn)make out/recognize handwriting
3、考試
-永遠(yuǎn)難was supposed to be easy
-不推遲put it off, hold off, delay, postpone
-分?jǐn)?shù)低:及格passing grade,不及格failing grade,好分?jǐn)?shù)perfect grade
-心里不好受down *take-home exam開卷考試,workshop研討會, seminar研究會
4、評價教授
-小對話中(不好),段子題中(好)
-不遲到punctual/prompt,不早退,常拖堂run over time/late,-要求嚴(yán),出題難,給分低
*聽不懂:be lost/be all at sea/in the dark
*聽懂:figure out/make sense/catch/follow words
*打瞌睡:drop off/doze off, keep watching the clock, keep counting the time.5、作業(yè)
-作業(yè)多:I've had enough of it.(I'll never have enough of it.高興語氣)
*have one's hands full, be tied up, be booked, be up to one's eyes/ears/neck with work.Have a million things to do.Study 48 hours in a day.-想遲交,不遲交:交作業(yè)hand in/ turn in, 遲交extension, 多給時間extra/more time
6、熬夜
-常熬夜:sit up, stay doing sth
-不熬夜 get out of it, wise
7、書店
-有貨沒貨in stock/ out of stock
-印,不印in /out of print
-過時out-dated, 最新的updated/current
-平裝paper back,精裝hard back