第一篇：六級翻譯技巧以及話題

英語六級翻譯對很多同學來說都是一個大難點，其實六級翻譯也是有技巧的。下面來看小編為大家整理的2014年12月英語六級翻譯技巧之詞的翻譯，希望對大家有所幫助。

(一)詞的翻譯

1.詞義選擇

所謂詞義選擇，是指詞本來就有這個意思，問題是要我們將其在特定場合的正確意思選出來。正確選詞是保證譯文質量的重要環(huán)節(jié)，如果能做到在詞語意義和字面形式上都對等當然最好，如果不能兼顧，則取意義，舍形式。越是普通的詞，越是擁有繁多的釋義和搭配，翻譯過程中的詞義也就越難以確定。選詞時，要注意詞義的廣狹、所處的語境、詞義的褒貶和感情色彩。

例1

原文：但通常每個家庭都會在除夕夜團聚，一起吃年夜飯。

譯文：However, New Year's Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gatherfor the annual reunion dinner.分析：“年夜飯”此處實際就是每年一度的團圓飯，為了讓譯文更符合英語國家的習慣，這里用的是annual reunion dinner，理解起來更容易。

例2

原文：人們還會在門上粘貼紅色的對聯(lián)(couplets)??譯文：And doors will be decorated with red couplets?

分析：原文中“粘貼”的意思其實就是用對聯(lián)裝飾門窗，如果直譯的話表達不出真實的意圖，因此這里用了“decorate”，表意更直接。

2、詞類轉換

詞類轉換是漢譯英常用的一種手段。漢語的動態(tài)性和具體性特點使其在語言運用上多用動詞。英語則因其靜態(tài)性和抽象性特點在語言使用上呈現(xiàn)出名詞化和介詞化傾向。在漢譯英的過程中，適當轉換詞性，可以使?jié)晌母嫌⒄Z表達習慣。

(1)動詞→名詞

漢語巾動詞使用比較頻繁，而且動詞既沒有時態(tài)變化的約束，也沒有謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的形式之分，動詞甚至可以充當句子的各種成分。相反，英語動詞的使用受到形態(tài)變化規(guī)則的嚴格限制。一個句子往往只有一個謂語動詞，大量原來應該由動詞表達的概念，常需借助于名詞，因為名詞比較不受形態(tài)規(guī)則變化的束縛，使用相對靈活、方便。

例

原文：各地歡度春節(jié)的習俗和傳統(tǒng)有很大差異。

譯文：Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.分析：原句中“歡度”是動詞，但是如果譯文中也用動詞來表達，則整個句子的結構顯得羅嗦，不夠整潔，所以譯文中用了“celebration”來表達，使得整個甸子更勻稱、清晰。

(2)動詞→介詞

介詞與名詞密切相關，英語名詞的廣泛使用使得介詞也得以頻繁出現(xiàn)。而且英語中有些介詞本身是由動詞演變而來的，具有動詞的特征。因此，漢譯英時，有些動詞可以用介詞來表達。

例

原文：但通常每個家庭都會在除夕夜團聚，一起吃年夜飯。

However, New Year's Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.(3)動詞→形容詞

漢語的一些動詞也常常可以用英語的形容詞來表達，這些形容詞通常是與動詞同源的詞這樣的譯文有時比直接使用動詞更地道、標準。

例

原文：在明朝和清朝時期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特別流行。

譯文：It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing dynasties.由于語法結構和修辭的需要，漢語的形容詞和副詞也可以轉譯成英語的名詞。

例

原文??只有這些生靈自由自在地享受著這個黃昏。

譯文?leaving these living things to enj0Y this moment of dusk with full ease and freedom.(5)名詞→動詞

有些情況下，漢語的名詞由英語的動詞表達，此時漢語中修飾名詞的形容詞也隨之改為英語中作狀語使用的副詞。

例

原文：地歡度春節(jié)的習俗和傳統(tǒng)有很大差異。

譯文：Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.分析：原文中“差異”為名詞，為了符合英文的表達習慣，譯文中將其轉換為動詞“vary”，原文中修飾“差異”一詞的形容詞“很大”轉換為了副詞“widely”，使譯文更生動。

3、詞的增補

(1)語法需要

由于漢英兩種語言的差異，漢譯英時往往需要補充漢語里省去的詞語或沒有的詞類，以使譯文符合英語語法的要求。增詞譯法在漢譯英中實際上是添加原文為了語言簡潔而省去的成分，增補的詞多為冠詞(英語所特有)、代詞或名詞(充當句子的主語、賓語、定語等成分)、連詞和介詞等。

例

原文：但通常每個家庭都會在除夕夜團聚，一起吃年夜飯。

譯文：However，New Year's Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.分析：英語中用得最多的介詞有at, by，for，from，in，of，on，to和with。這些介詞是連接英語句子的重要紐帶，在英語中起著極其重要的作用。漢譯英時，要根據上下文搭配靈活地選擇介詞。另外，譯文中增譯“all occasion”來解釋說明“除夕夜”的作用，使得除夕夜的作用更加突出，彰顯r巾國人對于除夕夜的重視。

(2)意思表達需要

例

原文：這是黃河灘上的一幕。

譯文：This is a scene taking place on the shore of the Yellow River.分析：在翻譯“這是黃河灘上的一幕”時，增譯taking place短語，使譯文表達更為生動貼切。

(3)文化背景解釋的需要

中西文化差異的存在使得英語和漢語包含著許多文化色彩濃厚且不易為譯文讀者所理解的詞語。因此，在翻譯過程中需要使用增詞譯法，把棚關文化背景知識翻譯出來。例

原文：三個臭皮匠，勝過諸葛亮。

譯文：The wit of three cobblers combined surpasses that of Zhuge Liang，the master mind.4、詞的減省

所謂詞的減省，就是翻譯時，把原文中一些僅僅為了語法上的需要而存在的詞、詞組加以適當省略，從而達到譯文通順、意思完整而句子精練的目的。漢語中重復的部分可以是主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語等，在譯成英語時需適當刪減，以保持句子的通暢。

例

原文：為驅厄運、迎好運，家家戶戶都會進行大掃除。

譯文：It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to

sweep away misfortune and bring in good luck.分析：刪減了原句中的“進行”一詞。

5、詞的替代

重復是漢語中常用的一種語篇銜接手段，雖然英語中也用重復，但多是利用詞語的重復來體現(xiàn)語義的強調或進行語言潤飾。漢語以重復見長，英語則以省略見長。因此在漢譯英時，可采用替代的方法來避免重復。在英語中主要有三種替代現(xiàn)象：名詞成分替代、謂語成分替代和分句替代。

1.注意時態(tài)

漢語當中多主動，英語當中多被動。

2.注意用詞

翻譯重點考察語言的應用能力，所以在考試時，應盡量避免使用一些過于簡單的詞匯，而應選擇一些更高級的詞匯。比如“have to”可以換成“be obliged to”，“help to”可以換成“contribute to”。

3.注意搭配

這里的搭配主要指一些固定搭配。比如“學習知識”不用“l(fā)earn knowledge”，而必須用“acquire knowledge”;“concern”后面的介詞必須跟“over”而不是“of”等等。

下面給大家總結出了常見的一些搭配:

動詞和名詞的搭配：

raise awareness, adopt measures, take steps, adopt approaches

動詞詞組的搭配：

give a green light to, deepen one’s understanding of, pave the way for

形容詞和名詞的搭配：

compelling reason, ample evidence, harsh punishment

名詞詞組environmental awareness, coverage of crime, health effect

介賓短語的搭配in the media, on the internet, on television, in newspapers

表示某個特定意思的習慣搭配：

lead a fulfilling life, close the rich/poor gap, discriminate between right and wrong

have a higher chance of developing cancer, fail to achieve work-life balance

避免中式英文的直接翻譯

improve the problem →solve the problem or improve the situation

接觸暴力contact with violence→exposure to violence

針對兒童的廣告advertisements about children→advertisements aimed at children.4.懂得變通詞匯

另辟蹊徑，試著用幾個詞去解釋自己突然想不起的單詞或者找同義詞，近義詞來替換。

如“匿名”對應的單詞是“anonymity”，可以用“a unknown name”來代替?！泵阑睂膯卧~“beautify”,可以用“make sth more beautiful”來代替。英語六級翻譯常考詞組有哪些?下面新東方小編為您整理了英語六級翻譯常考詞組100條，請大家熟悉記憶。

1.at the thought of一想到?

2.as a whole(=in general)就整體而論

3.at will 隨心所欲

4.(be)abundant in(be rich in;be well supplied with)富于，富有

5.access(to)(不可數(shù)名詞)能接近，進入，了解

6.Without accident(=safely)安全地，7.of one's own accord(=without being asked;willingly;freely)自愿地 ,主動地

8.in accord with 與?一致.out of one's accord with 同?。不一致

9.with one accord(=with everybody agreeing)一致地

10.in accordance with(=in agreement with)依照，根據

11.on one's own account

1)為了某人的緣故，為了某人自己的利益

2)(=at one's own risk)自行負責

3)(=by oneself)依靠自己

12.take?into account(=consider)把.....考慮進去

13.give sb.an account of 說明，解釋(理由)

14.account for(=give an explanation or reason for)解釋，說明。

15.on account of(=because of)由于，因為。

16.on no account(=in no case, for no reason)絕不要，無論如何不要(放句首時句子要倒裝)

17.accuse?of?(=charge?with;blame sb.for sth.;blame sth.on sb.;complain about)指控，控告

18.be accustomed to(=be in the habit of, be used to)習慣于。

19.be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of)了解;(=to have met socially)熟悉-

20.act on 奉行，按照?行動;act as 扮演;act for 代理

21.adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to)使自己適應于

22.adapt?(for)(=make sth.Suitable for a new need)改編，改寫(以適應新的需要)

23.in addition(=besides)此外，又，加之

24.in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除?外

25.adhere to(=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief)粘附;堅持，遵循

26.adjacent(=next to, close to)毗鄰的，臨近的 27.adjust..(to)(=change slightly)調節(jié);適應;

28.admit of(=be capable of, leave room for)?的可能，留有?的余地。

29.in advance(before in time)預告，事先

30.to advantage 有利的，使優(yōu)點更加突出地

31.have an advantage over 勝過

have the advantage of 由于?處于有利條件

have the advantage of sb。知道某人所不知道的事

32.take advantage of(=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用

33.agree with 贊同(某人意見)agree to 同意

34.in agreement(with)同意，一致

35.ahead of 在?之前，超過?;ahead of time 提前

36.in the air 1)不肯定，不具體.2)在謠傳中

37.above all(=especially, most important of all)尤其是，最重要的 38.in all(=counting everyone or everything, altogether)總共，總計

39.after all 畢竟，到底;

1)(not)at all 一點也不;

2)all at once(=suddenly)突然;

3)once and for all 只此一次;

4)above all 最重要的;

5)first of all 首先;

6)all in all 大體上說;

7)be all in 累極了;

8)all but 幾乎

40.allow for(=take into consideration, take into account)考慮到，估計到

41.amount to(=to be equal to)總計，等于。

42.answer for(undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for)對?負責。

43.answer to(=conform to)適合，符合。

44.be anxious about 為?焦急不安;或anxious for

45.apologize to sb.for sth.為?向?道歉

46.appeal to sb.for sth.為某事向某人呼吁.appeal to sb.對某人有吸引力

47.apply to sb.for sth.為?向?申請;apply for申請;apply to 適用。

48.apply to 與?有關;適用

49.approve of(=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right)贊成，approve vt.批準

50.arise from(=be caused by)由?引起。中國式禮儀

每種文化都有自己的行為準則，中國也不例外。在中國，跟別人打招呼時，你或者點個頭，或者微微鞠個躬。握手也很常見，但你要等到中國朋友先伸手才可以。另外，與西方社會的做法截然相反，中國人不太喜歡被陌生人觸碰。所以不 要輕易地觸碰別人，除非你完全有這樣的必要。最后一點，根據儒家思想(Confiicianism)的觀點，老人在任何情況下都應該受到年輕人的尊敬。你應該總是以老人為先，并對他們表本最大的敬意。

翻譯：Every culture has its rules on how to act，and China is no different.In China,to greet someone, you nod your head，or you bow slightly.Handshakes are also common, but you should wait for your Chinese partner to initiate the motion.In addition，as opposed to those found in Western society，Chinese people do not enjoy being touched by strangers.Don’t touch someone unless you absolutely have to.Finally, from the perspective of Confucianism, the elders are to be respected in every situation by those who are younger.You should always acknowledge the elders first,and show the most respect to them.講解：1.行為準則：有多種譯法，如rules on how to act, rules of conduct或standard of behavior。

2.中國也不例外：可譯為China is no different或China is no exception。

3.打招呼:即greet。

4.截然相反：可譯為as opposed to。

5.在任何情況下：可使用短語in every situation表達。

6.以老人為先：可譯為acknowledge the elders first。

吹糖人

作為中國傳統(tǒng)的民間藝術，吹糖人(Sugar Figure Blowing Art)歷史悠久，然而 隨著中國經濟的發(fā)展，這一藝術正漸漸消失。據說這一民間藝術始于宋朝，當時被稱為戲劇糖果(operacandy)。吹糖人以糖作為基本材料，糖人藝人用自己的方法熬 ft,然g吹或各種人物。藝人先把糖加熱到適當?shù)臏囟龋缓罄恍┨窍?syrup)捏成一團，再用各種技巧做出不同的形狀,并涂上鮮艷的顏色。這種藝術是手、眼、心、呼吸和一定溫度所需時間控制的真正結合。一項技術不過關，整個過程都會失敗。

翻譯：As a truditional Chinese folk art, the Sugar Figure Blowing Art have a long history.But it is gradually disappearing in the process of economic development in China.It is said that this folk drt was formed in the Song Dynasty;at that time it wan called opera candy.The Sugar Figure Blowing Art uses sugar as its basic material, and the artists have their own ways to boil sugar and blow it into various figures.Artists heat up sugar to proper temperature, then pull some syrup and knead it to a ball.Then they make different shapes by using different skills and paint bright colors on the figures.This art is really a combination of hand, eye, heart, breath, and the timing of temperature skill.If there is one skill you couldn’t perform well, the whole procedure will be a failure.解析：1.歷史悠久:可譯為have a long history.2.戲劇糖果:可譯為opera candy.3.以糖作為基本材料：可譯為uses sugar as its basic material。中國民間藝

中國民間藝術與中國哲學統(tǒng)一于“陰陽(yin-yang)生萬物”這一理念。這一理念源于中國原始社會，是對人類的人生感悟的哲學注解。中國人祖先的哲學論斷是“近看自己，遠觀他人”。要理解中華民族民間藝術的原始藝術，這一結論必不 可少。人類的本能欲望是生存并通過繁衍(propagation)繼續(xù)存在。人生來的首要 本能是求生，然后是長壽。從原始社會到今天，陰陽和永生的觀念始終貫穿中國的社會生活和民族文化。中國民間藝術反映了社會的所有基本哲學理念。

翻譯：Chinese folk art and Chinese philosophy are unified in the belief that yin-yang produces all living things in the world.Originated in Chinese primitive society, this was the philosophical explanation of human's perception of life.Chinese ancestors philosophical conclusion was to “l(fā)ook at oneself up close and other creatures from afar”，which is essential to the understanding of the primitive art to the folk art of the nation.To live and to continue life through propagation are the two instinctive desires of human.From birth, a person's first instinct is to survive, and then to live a long life.From primitive society to the present day, the view of yin-yang and perpetual life has permeated in all aspects of social life and the national culture of Chinese society.Chinese folk art reflects all of the basic philosophical concepts.講解：1.陰陽生萬物：可譯為；yin-yang produces all living things in the world。

2.源于：可用originate in，spring from或stem from來表達。

3.人類的人生感悟：可譯為human's perception of life。

4.近看自己，遠觀他人：可譯為look at oneself up close and other creatures from afar。其中l(wèi)ook at sth.up dose意為“近距離觀察某物”。

5.人類的本能欲望：可譯為instinctive desires of human其中instinctive意為“本能的”。

6.貫穿中國的社會生活和民族文化：可譯為be in all aspects of social life and the national culture of Chinese society。

7.所有基本哲學理念：可譯為all of the basic philosophical concepts。

每種文化都有自己的行為準則，中國也不例外。在中國，跟別人打招呼時，你或者點個頭，或者微微鞠個躬。握手也很常見，但你要等到中國朋友先伸手才可以。另外，與西方社會的做法截然相反，中國人不太喜歡被陌生人觸碰。所以不 要輕易地觸碰別人，除非你完全有這樣的必要。最后一點，根據儒家思想(Confiicianism)的觀點，老人在任何情況下都應該受到年輕人的尊敬。你應該總是以老人為先，并對他們表本最大的敬意。

譯文：Every culture has its rules on how to act，and Chinais no different.In China,to greet someone, you nodyour head，or you bow slightly.Handshakes arealso common, but you should wait for your Chinesepartner to initiate the motion.In addition，asopposed to those found in Western society，Chinese people do not enjoy being touched bystrangers.Don’t touch someone unless you absolutely have to.Finally, from the perspectiveof Confucianism, the elders are to be respected in every situation by those who are younger.You should always acknowledge the elders first,and show the most respect to them.解析：1.行為準則：有多種譯法，如rules on how to act, rules of conduct或standard of behavior。

2.中國也不例外：可譯為China is no different或China is no exception。

3.打招呼:即greet。

4.截然相反：可譯為as opposed to。

5.在任何情況下：可使用短語in every situation表達。

6.以老人為先：可譯為acknowledge the elders first。

中文熱詞通常反映社會變化和文化，有些在外國媒體上愈來愈流行。例如，土豪(tuhao)和大媽(dama)都是老詞，但是已獲取了新的意義。土豪以前指欺壓佃戶和仆人的鄉(xiāng)村地主，現(xiàn)在用于指花錢如流水或者喜歡炫耀財富的人，也就是說，土豪有錢，但沒有品位。大媽是對中年婦女的稱呼，但現(xiàn)在特指不久前金價下跌時大量購買黃精的中國婦女。土豪和大媽可能會被人收入新版牛津(Oxford)英語詞典，至今已有約120個中文詞被加進了牛津英語詞典，成為了英語語言的一部分。

翻譯

The Chinese heated words usually reflectsocial changes and culture, some of which are increasingly popular with foreignmedia.Tuhao and dama, for example, are both old words, but they get differentmeanings now。

The word tuhao used to mean rural landlordswho oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to people spendingmoney without limits or those showing off all around.That is to say, tuhaoowns money rather than taste.The word dama is used to describe middle-agedwomen.However, it is regarded as a special word to call those Chinese womenwho rushed to purchase gold when the gold price decreased sharply not long ago。

Tuhaoand dama may be included in the new Oxford dictionary.Up to now, about 120Chinese words have been listed in it and became part of the English language.【真題】—科學發(fā)展

最近，中國科學院(Chinese Academy of Sciences)出版了關于其最新科學發(fā)現(xiàn)與未來一年展望的年度系列報告。系列報告包括三部分：科學發(fā)展報告、高技術發(fā)展報告、中國可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略報告。第一份報告包含中國科學家的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)，諸如新粒子研究與H7N9病毒研究的突破，該報告還突出強調了未來幾年需要關注的問題。第二份報告公布了一些應用科學研究的突破。該報告還突出強調了未來幾年需要關注的問題。第二份報告公布了一些應用科學研究的熱門領域。如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份報告呼吁加強頂層設計，以消除工業(yè)升級中的結構性障礙，并促進節(jié)能減排。

翻譯：ChineseAcademy of Science recently published an annual report about its latestscientific findings and the prospect of the next year.The report consists ofthree parts:science development, more advanced technology development and thesustainable strategy of China.The first one includes the latest findings ofChinese scientists, such as the research of new particle and the breakthroughin the study of H7N9 virus.Furthermore, it highlights some problems we need tofocus in next few years.The second one announces some heated fields in appliedscience.For example, the 3－dimension print and the study of artificialorgans.The third one suggests people enhance the top design in order to getrid of the structural obstacles in industrial upgrading and to promote theenergy-saving and emission-reduction.【真題】—絲綢之路

聞名于世的絲綢之路是一系列連接東西方的路線。絲綢之路延伸6,000多公里，得名于古代中國的絲綢貿易。絲綢之路上的貿易在中國、南亞、歐洲和中東文明發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了重要作用。正是通過絲綢之路，中國的造紙、火藥、指南針、印刷術等四大發(fā)明才被引介到世界各地。同樣，中國的絲綢、茶葉和瓷器（porcelain）也傳遍全球。物質文化的交流是雙向的，歐洲也通過絲綢之路出口各種商品和植物，滿足中國市場的需求。

翻譯：The world-renowned Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the West.It extended more than 6,000 kilometers.The Silk Road was named after ancient China’s silk trade which played an important role in the civilization development of China, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East.It was through the Silk Road that papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing of the four great inventions of ancient China were introduced around the world.Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain spread all over the world.Europe also exported various goods and plants through the Silk Road to meet the needs of the Chinese market.【真題】—治理污染

北京計劃未來三年投資7，600億元治理污染，從減少PM2.5排放入手，這一新公布的計劃旨在減少四種主要污染源，包括500多萬倆機動車的尾氣(exhaust)排放、周邊地區(qū)燃煤、來自北方的沙塵暴和本地的建筑灰塵。另有850億元用于新建或升級城市垃圾處理和污水(sewage)處理設施，加上300億元投資未來三年的植樹造林(forestation)市政府還計劃建造一批水循環(huán)利用工廠，并制止違章建筑，以改善環(huán)境。另外，將更嚴厲地處罰違反限排規(guī)定的行為。

翻譯：Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan to curb environmental pollution in the next three years, starting from reducing the emissions of pm 2.5 emissions.The newly announced plan is intended to reduce the four major sources of pollution, including exhaust emissions of 5 million motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and construction dust in the locality.Another 85 billion yuan is used for establishing or upgrading the facilities of municipal waste treatment and sewage treatment.Besides, 30 billion yuan invests to the afforestation program in the next three years.In order to improve the environment, the municipal government also plans to build a good number of plants which can use recycled water and to stop illegal construction.In addition, Beijing will punish those people who violate the regulations of emission-reduction more severely.中西方對動物的不同解讀

同一種動物在東西方不同的文化背景下所表達的含義不盡相同。在西方人眼里，蝙蝠就是一個邪惡、丑陋的吸血鬼(bloodsucker)。但是在我國南方，舊式住 宅的門上常常雕刻著蝙蝠，因為蝙蝠是好運、健康、財富、幸福的象征。西方人認 為孔雀走起路來總是趾高氣揚，目中無人，頭冠(crown)頻頻擺動，還不時開屏炫耀其美麗，這是“驕傲”、“虛榮”的表現(xiàn)。而中國人認為孔雀開屏是喜慶吉祥的象征，所以人們常用孔雀比喻美麗的人或事物。

翻譯：The same animal in different culture backgrounds between the East and the West respectively expresses different meanings.To the West, bats are evil, ugly bloodsucker;but in southern China, bats are often carved on the doors of the old houses, because they are symbols of fortune, health, wealth and happiness.Westerners generally believe that the peacock always walks around with her nose in the air, swinging its crown repeatedly, and shows off its beautiful tail frequently.These are signs of pride and vanity.In contrast,Chinese think it symbolizes joy and luck that the peacock spreads its tail.So people often compare the peacock to beautiful persons or things.解析：1.東西方不同的文化背景:可譯為different culture backgrounds between the East and the West。

2.上雕刻著:可譯為被動形式be carved on?

3.走起路來總是趾高氣揚，目中無人:可簡譯為always walks around with her nose in the air。with one's nose in the air即有“目中無人地”意思。

4.孔雀開屏:可譯為 the peacock spreads its tail。

5.用...比喻:可譯為compare?to?

京劇被奉為中國的國粹，來源于18世紀晚期的安徽和湖北的當?shù)貏》N。京劇是中國所有劇種中最有影響力和代表性的，在中國乃至世界享有聲譽。京劇完美融合了多種藝術形式。京劇集傳統(tǒng)音樂、舞蹈、詩歌、雜耍、武術于一身，以華麗的戲服、逼真的臉譜和程式化的演出套路而聞名。京劇臉譜上每一種圖形和亮麗的顏色都有象征意義：紅色表示忠誠，藍色表示殘暴，黑色表示正直。

翻譯：Known as China’s national opera, Peking Opera originated in the late 18th century from the basis of some local operas in Anhui and Hubei Provinces.Peking Opera is the most influential and representative of all operas in China.It has won great popularity not only in China but also throughout the world.Peking Opera is a harmonious combination of many art forms.It is a synthesis of traditional music, dancing, poetry, acrobatics and martial arts.It is famous for its exquisite costumes, beautiful make-up or painted face, and established performing conventions and rules.Each of patterns and brilliant colors on the painted face has a symbolic meaning: red suggests loyalty;blue suggests cruelty;black suggests honesty.解析：京劇 Peking Opera

國粹 national opera

有代表性的 representative

完美融合 harmonious combination

雜耍 acrobatics 武術 martial arts

華麗的戲服 exquisite costume

臉譜 make-up or painted face

象征的 symbolic

忠誠 loyalty

殘暴 cruelty

正直 honesty

中國民間藝術與中國哲學統(tǒng)一于“陰陽(yin-yang)生萬物”這一理念。這一理念源于中國原始社會，是對人類的人生感悟的哲學注解。中國人祖先的哲學論斷是“近看自己，遠觀他人”。要理解中華民族民間藝術的原始藝術，這一結論必不 可少。人類的本能欲望是生存并通過繁衍(propagation)繼續(xù)存在。人生來的首要 本能是求生，然后是長壽。從原始社會到今天，陰陽和永生的觀念始終貫穿中國的社會生活和民族文化。中國民間藝術反映了社會的所有基本哲學理念。

參考翻譯：

Chinese folk art and Chinese philosophy are unifiedin the belief that yin-yang produces all living things inthe world.Originated in Chinese primitive society,this was the philosophical explanation of human'sperception of life.Chinese ancestors philosophicalconclusion was to “l(fā)ook at oneself up close and other creatures from afar”，which is essentialto the understanding of the primitive art to the folk art of the nation.To live and to continuelife through propagation are the two instinctive desires of human.From birth, a person's firstinstinct is to survive, and then to live a long life.From primitive society to the present day,the view of yin-yang and perpetual life has permeated in all aspects of social life and thenational culture of Chinese society.Chinese folk art reflects all of the basic philosophicalconcepts.長期以來，飲酒(white spirit)在中國人的生活中一直扮演著重要的角色，無論是帝王還是百姓。飲酒是中國文化的一部分。中國人的祖先在作詩、寫散文時喜歡飲酒，在宴會上還會向親戚朋友敬酒。但飲酒不僅屬于文化人，也是普通人生活中不可缺少的一部分。人們在各種場合飲酒，如生日宴會、餞行宴會、婚禮宴會(wedding banquet)等。搬進新房或生意開業(yè)時，也會邀請人們來吃飯、飲酒。

參考翻譯：

Drinking white spirit has been taking an importantrole in Chinese people's life from emperors toordinary people for a long time.Drinking white spiritis a part of Chinese culture.Chinese ancestorsenjoyed drinking white spirit while writing poems orproses and they also toasted their relatives and friends at the feast.But drinking white spirit isnot only for scholars，it is also an indispensable part of Chinese ordinary people's life.Peopledrink white spirit on various occasions, such as the birthday party，farewell dinner，weddingbanquet, etc.When someone moves into a new house or starts doing business，he/she willinvite people for dinner and drinking white spirit.圍棋是兩位對弈者之間戰(zhàn)略性的棋盤游戲(board game)。圍棋已有 3000多年的歷史，可以說是所有古代棋類游戲的起源。圍棋的規(guī)則很簡單，但是有數(shù)不盡的策略。這就是圍棋的魅力所在。下一盤圍棋的時間短至15分鐘，長至數(shù)天。但是多數(shù)情況下，下一盤圍棋需要一或兩個小時。圍棋是綜合科學、藝術和競賽的游戲。圍棋對于智力發(fā)展、性格培養(yǎng)和靈活的策略學習非常有益。難怪圍棋已經流行了幾千年，并逐漸成為一項國際文化游戲。

參考翻譯：

Weiqi is a strategic board game between twoplayers.With a history of over 3,000 years, thegame can be regarded as the originator of all ancientchess games.The rules of Weiqi are very simple butthere are countless variations of strategies.This iswhere the beauty of the game lies.The time for one round of weiqi can be as short as 15minutes or as long as a few days.In most cases, though, it takes one or two hours to finishone round.Weiqi is a game that combines science, art and competition.It's beneficial forintelligence development, personality cultivation and flexible strategy learning.It's nowonder the game having been popular for thousands of years and is gradually becoming aninternational cultural game.唐朝時期，人們就在昌南建造窯坊(kiln),燒制出一種青白瓷(bluish white porcelain)。青白瓷色彩晶瑩，有“人造玉器”的美稱，因而遠近聞名，并大量出口歐洲。當時，歐洲人還不會制造瓷器，因此中國特別是昌南鎮(zhèn)的瓷器很受歡迎。在歐洲，昌南鎮(zhèn)瓷器是備受珍愛的貴重物品，人們以能獲得一件昌南鎮(zhèn)瓷器為榮。因此，歐洲人就以“昌南”作為瓷器和生產瓷器的“中國”的代稱。久而久之，歐洲人就把昌南的本意忘卻了，只記得它是“瓷器”，即“中國”了。

【參考翻譯】

In the Tang Dynasty, people started to build kilns tomake bluish white porcelain in Changnan.The bluishwhite porcelain was glittering and had thereputation of artificial jade, so it became famoushome and abroad and was exported to Europe inlarge amount.At that time, Europeans were not able to make porcelain,so porcelain fromChina，especially from Changnan，was warmly welcomed.In Europe，porcelain from Changnanwas luxurious article cherished by everyone, and obtaining even one piece of it would makepeople feel very proud.In this way，Europeans used Changnan as the code name for china(porcelain)and the place of its production，China.Gradually, Europeans forgot the originalmeaning of Changnan，only remembering it is “china”，namely“China”.【詞匯解析】

1.燒制出一種青白瓷:可譯為make bluish whiteporcelain，燒制可譯為 make，“青白色的”可譯為bluishwhite。

2.色彩晶螢:可譯為glittering,意為“閃閃發(fā)光的”。

3.遠近聞名:可譯為be famous home and abroad。

4.以?為榮:即be proud of,文中譯為?make people feelproud。

5.久而久之:理解為“逐漸地”，可用gradually來表達。

6.只記得它是瓷器:根據前后句，本句可譯為only remembering it is “china”, 用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語來表達。

臉譜(facial makeup)是指中國傳統(tǒng)戲劇—京劇里男演員臉部的彩色化妝。它在色彩、形式和類型上有一定的格式。臉譜運用紅色、黃色、白色、黑色、紫色、綠色和銀色代表不同的人物性格。各角色的臉譜由油漆、粉和油彩畫成，基本形式是整臉、三塊瓦臉(San Kuai Wa Lian)和碎臉。這些臉譜類型被廣泛用于代 表將軍、官員、英雄、神靈和鬼魅。通過眼睛和鼻子周圍形狀各異的白色小塊, 可以辨別出丑角(Chou actors)。有時這些小塊以黑色勾勒，常稱小花臉。

【參考翻譯】

Facial makeup refers to the colorful painting on theface of the actors in Peking Opera, which is atraditional Chinese opera.It has certain format interms of color,design and type.Red，yellow，white，black，purple，green and silverare the main colors used for facial makeup to represent different characters.The facial designsfor the roles are made by painting, powdering and coloring in the basic forms of ZhengLzan(keeping the basic face pattern)，San Kuai Wa Lian(three-section face)and SuiLian(fragmentary face).These types are widely used to represent generals,officials，heroes,gods and ghosts.The Chou(clown)actors can be recognized by the patch of white in variousshapes painted around the eyes and nose.Sometimes these patches are outlined in black, oftencalled Xiao Hua Lian(partly painted face).【詞匯解析】

1.臉部的彩色化妝:可譯為the colorful painting on theface。

2.在色彩、形式和類型上:可用詞組in terms of表達，譯為in terms of color,design and type。

3.整臉、三塊瓦臉和碎臉:“整臉”是最原始的臉譜形式，利用雙眉把臉分為額 和面兩個部分的臉譜;“三塊瓦臉”是在整臉的基礎上再利用口鼻把面部分為左右的臉譜;“碎臉”是三塊瓦臉的變種，其分界邊緣花形極大，破壞了原有的輪廓。這里可先音譯成漢語拼音，再在括號內加以解釋說明。

4.形狀各異的:即“不同形狀的”，可譯為in various shapes或in different shapes。5.丑角:翻譯為Chou actors，同樣地，括號內可以加注解(Clown)。

6.勾勒:翻譯為outline。

華佗是中國東漢(the Eastern Period)和三國時期(the Three Kingdoms Period)著名的醫(yī)生。他擅長各個醫(yī)學領域，尤其是外科手術。他被后人稱為“外科圣手”(Surgeon Master)”和“外科鼻祖(Founder of Surgery)”。他是一個受過良好教育的人，熟悉古典文學。然而，他拒絕了高官的推薦，決定做一名給老百姓治病的醫(yī)生。他在開處方和治療疾病方面技術精湛。此外，他的名字總是和外科手術相聯(lián)系，因為他被認為是中國第一個外科醫(yī)生。

參考譯文:

Hua Tuo was a renowned Chinese doctor during the Eastern Han Dynasty andthe Three Kingdoms Period.He was good at all fields of medicine，particularly at surgical operations.He was regarded as the “Surgeon Master” and the “Founder of:Surgery”，He was a well-educated man and was familiar with classical literature.However, he refused the recommendation by high officials，and decided to become a doctor to cure the diseases of the common people.He was highly skilled in writing out prescription and curing illness.In addition，his name is always mentioned in relation to surgeiy, as he was considered the first surgeon in China.中國的官方語言普通話在美國的學校中突然熱起來。由于中國經濟在21世紀的快速發(fā)展，美國的公立和私立學校紛紛在外語課程中加入漢語這一科目，或將已有的漢語教學項目進行擴展。據統(tǒng)計，在美國的學校中，有5萬名孩子在學習漢語。但推動漢語項目的發(fā)展不是沒有遇到困難。由于缺乏受過專業(yè)訓練、持有證書的教師，一些學校很難加入漢語教學的競爭。當學校聘用教師時，它們通常直接從中國招聘，這種方式為文化沖突埋下了隱患。

【翻譯譯文】

Mandarin, the official language of China, is suddenly hot in American schools.With the rapid development of China’s economy in the 21th century,both public and private schools in America are scrambling to add Mandarin to their curricula of foreign languages or expandingChinese language programs already in place.By some estimates, as many as 50 000 children nationwide are taking Mandarinin American schools.To develop Chinese-language programs has met some difficulties.A shortage of professionally trained teachers with certificates has madeit difficult for some schools to join the competition.When schools need to employ teachers, they often recruit them fromChina directly, which is a hidden trouble for culture clash.【重點詞匯】

官方語言 official language

普通話 Mandarin

快速的 rapid 課程 curriculum(pl.curricula)

已有的 in place

缺乏 shortage

受過專業(yè)訓練 professionally trained

證書 certificate

招聘 recruit

文化沖突 culture clash

如今，中國正步入老齡化社會，因此獨生子女一代面臨著巨大的工作和生活壓力。中國政府開始適當調整計劃生育政策，允許一些家庭在特殊情況下生育二胎。但調查顯示，很多夫妻迫于不斷加重的經濟壓力，放棄生育二胎。因此，要從根本上解決老齡化的問題不能依靠出生率的上升，最有效的辦法是建立有效的社會保障制度。

【翻譯譯文】

Nowadays, China is stepping into the aging society.Therefore, the only-child generation is facing enormous pressure both from work and life.The Chinese government has begun to adjust the familyplanning policy and allows some families to have a second child under certain circumstances.However, the survey shows thatsome couples abandon to have a second child due to the increasing financial burden.Thus, in order to solve the aging problem,the basic thing is not relying on the increase of birth rate.The best solution is to establish an effective social security system.【重點詞匯】

步入 step into

老齡化社會 aging society

獨生子女一代 the only-child generation

巨大的 enormous

調整 adjust

計劃生育政策 the family planning policy

在特殊情況下 under certain circumstances

由于，迫于 due to

放棄 abandon 依靠 rely on

出生率 birth rate

有效的 effective

社會保障制度 social security system

和平穩(wěn)定是發(fā)展的前提和基礎。上個世紀，人類經歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)，生靈涂炭，經濟社會發(fā)展遭受嚴重挫折。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結束以來，世界經濟能夠快速增長，主要得益于相對和平穩(wěn)定的國際環(huán)境。

我們應該恪守聯(lián)合國憲章宗旨和原則，充分發(fā)揮聯(lián)合國及其安理會在維護和平、締 造和平、建設和平方面的核心作用。堅持通過對話和協(xié)商，以和平方式解決國際爭端。

我們應該堅持國家不論大小、強弱、貧富都是國際社會平等一員，以民主、包容、合作、共贏的精神實現(xiàn)共同安全，做到一國內部的事情一國自主辦、大家共同的事情大家商量辦，堅定不移奉行多邊主義和國際合作，推進國際關系民主化。

Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development.The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks.It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era.We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, peace making and peace building.We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community.We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress.Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all.We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.從某種意義上說，漢語是一種很古老的語言，其最早的漢字已有近四千年的歷史了。漢字在其漫長的發(fā)展史中演化成許多不同的書寫形式，例如篆書、隸書、楷書和行書。中國書法家往往使?jié)h字的字形夸張以取得藝術效果，例如旅游勝地的一些石刻碑文。中國書法是一門研究藝術，隨著各位學習興趣的提高，我們將適時介紹中國書法的流派，以及如何欣賞中國書法的藝術性。

【翻譯譯文】

In a sense, Chinese is a very old language, and its earliest characters date back nearly four thousand years ago.During their long history of development, Chinese characters have evolved into many different script forms, such as the Seal script, Clerical script, Regular script and Running script.Chinese calligraphers usually render

their Chinese characters in ways that exaggerate the form to yield artistic beauty, such as those in stone inscriptions

seen in tourist resorts.Chinese calligraphy is a subject of artistic study.As your interest in Chinese character system

increases in the days to come, we will introduce in due time the different schools of Chinese calligraphy, and how to

appreciate the artistic beauty of Chinese calligraphy.【重點詞匯】

從某種意義上說 in a sense 漢字 Chinese character 演化 evolve 書寫形式 script form 篆書 Seal script 隸書 Clerical script 楷書 Regular script 行書 Running script 書法家 calligrapher 致使 render 取得 yield 旅游勝地 tourist resort 石刻碑文 stone inscription 適時 in due time 欣賞 appreciate 中國神話故事

盡管中國古代神話(mythology)沒有十分完整的情節(jié)，神話人物也沒有系統(tǒng)的家譜(genealogy)，但它們卻有著鮮明的東方文化特色，其中尤為顯著的是它的尚德精神(the spirit of esteeming virtue)。這種尚德精神在與西方神話特別是希臘神話比較時，顯得更加突出。在西方神話尤其是希臘神話中，對神的褒貶標準多以智慧、力量為準則，而中國古代神話對神的褒貶則多以道德為準繩。這種思維方式深植于中國的文化之中。幾千年來，這種尚德精神影響著人們對歷史人物的品評與現(xiàn)實人物的期望。

譯文：

Although ancient Chinese mythology does not have relatively complete plot and mythological figures don't have systematic genealogy, they have distinct features of oriental culture, among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly significant.When compared with Western mythology, especially Greek mythology, this spirit of esteeming virtue is even more prominent.In Western mythology, especially Greek mythology,the criteria for judging whether a god is good or not are mostly the god's wisdom and strength,while in ancient Chinese mythology, the criterion lies in morality.This way of thinking is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.For thousands of years, this spirit of esteeming virtue has affected people's comments on historical figures and expectations of real people.敬茶禮儀

當今社會，客來敬茶已經成為人們日常社交和家庭生活中普遍的往來禮儀。俗話說:酒滿茶半。上茶時應以右手端茶，從客人的右方奉上，并時帶微笑。當然，喝茶的客人也要以禮還禮，雙手接過，點頭致謝。品茶時，講究小口品飲，其妙趣在于意會而不可言傳。另外，可適當稱贊主人茶好?？傊?，敬茶是國人禮儀中待客的一種日常禮節(jié)，也是社會交往的一項內容，不僅是對客人、朋友的尊重, 也能體現(xiàn)自己的修養(yǎng)(self-cultivation)。

翻譯：

Nowadays, offering tea to guests has becomecommon etiquette in daily social interaction andfamily life.As the saying goes, white spirit, full cup;tea, half cup.Tea cup should be held on the righthand and offered to guests with a smile from theirright side.Of course,the guests should pay respect as well, taking over the cup with bothhands and nodding to express his thanks.When tasting tea,you should drink it in small sips,the beauty and fun of which is beyond words.In addition, you could praise the tea of theowner appropriately.In short, offering tea is a daily ritual of Chinese people when receivingguests and it is also part of social interaction.It can not only show respect to guests andfriends, but also reflect your self-cultivation.詞匯詳解：

1.敬茶:可以理解為“獻茶”，故譯為offer tea。

2.俗話說:可譯為as the saying goes,固定譯法。

3.酒滿茶半:可譯為white spirit，full cup;tea，halfcup。在中國的餐桌文化里，酒要倒?jié)M，而茶要倒半杯。

4.以禮還禮:可譯為pay respect as well。

5.講究小口品飲:即drink it in small sips。其中，sip作名詞，意為“小口喝”;也可以作動詞，例如Mike sipped hisdrink quickly.(邁克快速地喝了 一小口飲料。)詞組take a sip表示“喝一小口，抿一口。”

6.日常禮節(jié):可譯為daily ritual。

7.對客人、朋友的尊重:可譯為動詞詞組，即show respect to guests and friends。

景德鎮(zhèn)瓷器

景德鎮(zhèn)(Jingdezhen)位于江西省東北部，以瓷器而聞名，歷來被譽為中國的 “千年瓷都”。在景德鎮(zhèn)出產的各類瓷器中，尤以青花瓷(blue and white porcelain)最為突出。清代是青花瓷的鼎盛時期，景德鎮(zhèn)青花瓷以其燒造精致而獨占鰲頭。新中國成立后，在景德鎮(zhèn)設立了人民瓷廠(People'sPorcelain Factory)專門生產青花瓷。景德鎮(zhèn)青花瓷造型優(yōu)美，色彩絢麗，裝飾精美，是景德鎮(zhèn)四大傳統(tǒng)名瓷之一，素有“永不凋謝的青花”之稱。青花瓷遠銷世界各地，受到世界人民的喜愛。

翻譯：

Jingdezhen，located in the northeast of JiangxiProvince，is famous for porcelain and is honored as“home of porcelain for thousands of years” inChina.Among different types of porcelain producedin Jingdezhen，blue and white porcelain is the mostrenowned.Blue and white porcelain reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty.Blue and whiteporcelain from Jingdezhen ranked first for its fine production.After new China was founded,People's Porcelain Factory was set up in Jingdezhen to produce blue and white porcelainspecially.Blue and white porcelain from Jingdezhen is elegantly shaped，rich in color anddelicately decorated.It is one of the four famous traditional types of porcelain in Jingdezhen,and enjoys the reputation of “ever-green blue and white porcelain”.Blue and white porcelainhas been sold to countries all over the world and is liked by people around the world.詞匯詳解：

1.位于:可譯為be located in,也可用lie in或be situated in等來表達。

2.被譽為:可譯為be honored as，也可譯為be praisedas。

3.清代是青花瓷的鼎盛時期:本句可以理解為“青花瓷在清代達到頂峰”，其中 “達到頂峰”可以用reach its peak表達。

4.專門生產:其中“專門”可譯為specially。

5.色彩約麗:即“色彩豐富”，可譯為rich in color，也可以用形容詞colorful表達。

6.永不凋謝的:可以理解為“常青的”，即ever-green。

丁克家庭

中國有一句俗語叫做“不孝有三，無后為大”。但現(xiàn)在，很多時尚的年輕夫婦選擇不生育孩子的生活方式，組建了丁克家庭。很多夫妻擔心無法給孩子提供優(yōu)越的生活條件，選擇成為丁克家庭?，F(xiàn)在，孩子的教育費用比過去高很多。在大城市，送孩子上好一點的幼兒園要花費巨資，重點中小學的學費更高。還有一些夫妻成為丁克家庭是迫不得已。當他們做好準備生育孩子時，已經錯過了最佳生育年齡。

譯文：

A popular saying has it that “There are three forms of unfilial conduct, of which the worst is to have no descendants.”But now, it is quite fashionable for many young couples to choose a lifestyle without kids and organize the DINK family.Some couples who choose DINK family are fearful that they cannot provide favourable living conditions for children.Nowadays, the cost of educating a child is much higher than that of the past.In a big city, to send a child to a better kindergarten takes a large amount of money and the key primary or secondary schools are even more expensive.Some couples who have chosen DINK family are obliged to do so.When they make preparations for having a baby, it is a pity that they have missed the most fertile years.翻譯詞匯：

不孝有三，無后為大。There are three forms of unfilial conduct, of which the worst is to have no descendants.時尚的 fashionable

生活方式 lifestyle

丁克家庭 DINK family

擔心 fearful

優(yōu)越的 favourable

重點中小學 the key primary or secondary school

迫不得已 be obliged to do sth.做好準備 make preparations for

贍養(yǎng)父母

在大家庭里，老一輩人的意見受到尊重，小一輩人得到全家的呵護。中國憲法規(guī)定贍養(yǎng)父母是成年子女義不容辭的責任。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年輕夫婦給老人提供生活費并幫助他們干家務活兒。在農村，盡管大家庭解體了，許多結了婚的兒子和他的家人還和父母住在同一個院子里。對他們來說，分家不過是分灶而已。結了婚的兒子往往把房子蓋在父母家附近，這樣父母和子女互相幫助、探望都和過去一樣方便。

譯文：

In extended families, the older members’ opinions are respected, and the youngest members are loved and taken good care of by all.China’s Constitution stipulates that grown-up children are duty-bound to support their parents.In the cities, couples who do not live with their aged parents offer them living allowances and help them with the chores.In the countryside, though quite a number of extended families have dissolved, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents.To them, breaking up the extended family means only cooking their meals separately.Most often they have their houses built near their parents’ home, making it convenient for parents and children to help and visit each other as before.翻譯詞匯：

大家庭 extended family

憲法 Constitution

規(guī)定 stipulate

義不容辭的責任 duty-bound

生活費 living allowance

家務活 chore

解體 dissolve

分家 breaking up the extended family

分灶 cook their meals separately

歌謠和神話

遠在文字出現(xiàn)之前，歌謠跟口頭流傳的神話就已大量產生。中國的文學正是開始于此。不過，歌謠本是人們在生活中隨興而發(fā)的東西，上古時代也沒有保存和記載它們的方式，因此也就很快湮滅，不留痕跡。如今，我們只能從一些古書中推斷它們的存在。古書中記載了一些年代非常久遠的歌謠，但是大多出于后人的偽托，能夠斷定出處的歌謠要到《詩經》里才能看見。從這點來看，古代神話對中國文學的影響更為顯著。

翻譯詞匯：

歌謠 ballad

隨興而發(fā) improvise

痕跡 trace

推斷 deduce

年代非常久遠的 time-honored

偽托 derivative

《詩經》 The Book of Songs

譯文：

Long before the emergence of the written word, ballads and myths, passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular.Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions.However, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace.Today, we can only deduce their existence from ancient books, which recorded some time-honored ballads, though most of these are believed to be derivatives of later generations.Ballads in The Book of Songs are the earliest writings that can be dated.From this point of view, ancient mythology has had a greater influence on Chinese literature.中國書法

書法(calligraphy)是中國文化的精髓。書法在中國隨處可見，與日常生活緊密相連。書法作品能裝點客廳、書房和臥室。它是將漢字寫在吸水性良好的宣紙(Xuan paper)上，然后將作品貼在一塊鑲有絲綢邊的厚紙上，安上卷軸（scroll)或用畫框裝裱起來掛在墻上。書法作品通常是一首詩、一副對聯(lián)或主人很喜歡的座右銘。主人親自書寫的作品將體現(xiàn)他的愿望、興趣以及文學或藝術才華。一幅書法作品可以給白色的墻壁增添活力，為賓客友人帶來快樂。

譯文：

Calligraphy is the essence of Chinese culture.It can be found everywhere in China, and is closely linked to daily life.Calligraphic works decorate sitting rooms, studies and bedrooms.The Chinese characters are written on Xuan paper which is good at absorbing ink.The work will be pasted on a piece of thick paper with a silk edge, and then mounted on a scroll or put into a picture frame for hanging on the wall.Usually, a calligraphic work contains a poem, a pair of couplets or a motto the owner likes very much.If the calligraphic work is written by the owner himself, it will demonstrate his wish and interest as well as his literary or artistic talent.A calligraphic work can bring vitality to the white wall,pleasure to guests and friends.翻譯詞匯：

1...的精髓:可譯為the essence of。essence在這里意為“精髓，精華，另外它還有“本質”的意思。

2.隨處可見:文中譯為can be found everywhere，還可以用can be seen everywhere表達。

3.吸水性良好的:可理解為“善于吸水的”，即is good at absorbing ink。

4.安上卷軸:可譯為mounted on a scroll。其中mount意為“安裝”。

5.裝裱起來:可理解為“放進畫框”，譯為put into a picture frame。

6.一副對聯(lián):可譯為a pair of couplets。其中couplet意為“對聯(lián)；對句”。

7.藝術才華:可譯為 artistic talent。

8.增添活力:可譯為bring vitality to，即“為...帶來活力”。

中國禮儀

中國文化中，一個家庭或一個組織中最年長的人享有最多的尊敬、榮譽和尊嚴。對家庭女性而言，最高輩分的長媳比其余的媳婦和兒媳(daughter-in-law)更有權力。年輕人會稱呼年長的人“爺爺”、“奶奶”、“叔叔”和“嬸嬸”以示尊重，即使和那個人沒有血緣關系(blood lineage)。中國人堅持的一個傳統(tǒng)就是當父母上年紀時候要一直親自照顧他們。

譯文：

In Chinese culture, the oldest person in a family or an organization has the most respect, honor, and dignity.For family ladies, the first elder wife holds more power than the next wives and daughters-in-law.The young people will call an older person “Ye Ye”(grandfather), “Nai Nai”(grandmother), “Shu Shu”(uncle), and “Shen Shen”(aunt)as a sign of respect even if there is not blood lineage.A tradition that Chinese people hold on to is taking care of their parents personally when they get older.光棍節(jié)

光棍節(jié)(Singles'Day)-11月11日是在20世紀90年代開始流行的。單身青年互相請客吃飯或送禮物給心上人，以告別單身。贈送禮物的傳統(tǒng)使光棍節(jié)成為購物節(jié)，因為所有銷售商，從賣珠寶的到賣電視的，甚至到賣汽車的，都看到了這個營銷機會，并推出了光棍節(jié)促銷活動。這是美國“網絡星期一(CyberMonday)”—感恩節(jié)周末后的第一天—的翻版，這天圣誕采購開始，是商人售賣最忙碌的一天。

譯文：

Singles，Day —Nov.11 began to gain its popularityin the 1990s.Unattached young people would treateach other to dinner or give gifts to the personhe/she loves to end their single status.That gift-giving helped to turn Singles'Day into a shoppingfestival as sellers of everything from jewelry to TVs，even to cars saw a marketingopportunity and launched Singles'Day sales.It is similar to Monday in the United States—theday after Thanksgiving weekend，when online Christmas shopping begins and merchants havetheir busiest sales day.中國幸運數(shù)字

中國幸運數(shù)字(lucky numbers)的概念與其他文化相似。對廣東人來說，區(qū)別好數(shù)字與壞數(shù)字的關鍵是根據發(fā)音。例如，2是幸運的，因為它和“容易”的發(fā)音相似。3與生活有關。4在漢語里聽起來像“死”。6代表好運。8與“繁榮”有關，所有場合都適用。9與“永恒(eternity)”相聯(lián)系。起初只有皇家(the imperial family)才能用9。例如，故宮就設計有9999個房間。

譯文：

The Chinese concept of lucky numbers is similar tothat of other cultures.The key to distinguish goodor bad numbers for Cantonese is based on sound,For example, the number two is fortunate, becauseit is similar to the sound of “easy”.Three isassociated with living.The number four sounds like “death”in Chinese.Six represents good luck.Eight is associated with “prosperity” and is desirable for all occasions.Nine is associated with“eternity”.Originally it could only be used by the imperial family.For example,the Forbidden Citywas designed with 9,999 rooms.中國神話故事

盡管中國古代神話(mythology)沒有十分完整的情節(jié)，神話人物也沒有系統(tǒng)的家譜(genealogy)，但它們卻有著鮮明的東方文化特色，其中尤為顯著的是它的尚德精神(the spirit of esteeming virtue)。這種尚德精神在與西方神話特別是希臘神話比較時，顯得更加突出。在西方神話尤其是希臘神話中，對神的褒貶標準多以智慧、力量為準則，而中國古代神話對神的褒貶則多以道德為準繩。這種思維方式深植于中國的文化之中。幾千年來，這種尚德精神影響著人們對歷史人物的品評與現(xiàn)實人物的期望。

譯文：

Although ancient Chinese mythology does not have relatively complete plot and mythological figures don't have systematic genealogy, they have distinct features of oriental culture, among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly significant.When compared with Western mythology, especially Greek mythology, this spirit of esteeming virtue is even more prominent.In Western mythology, especially Greek mythology,the criteria for judging whether a god is good or not are mostly the god's wisdom and strength,while in ancient Chinese mythology, the criterion lies in morality.This way of thinking is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.For thousands of years, this spirit of esteeming virtue has affected people's comments on historical figures and expectations of real people.敬茶禮儀

當今社會，客來敬茶已經成為人們日常社交和家庭生活中普遍的往來禮儀。俗話說:酒滿茶半。上茶時應以右手端茶，從客人的右方奉上，并時帶微笑。當然，喝茶的客人也要以禮還禮，雙手接過，點頭致謝。品茶時，講究小口品飲，其妙趣在于意會而不可言傳。另外，可適當稱贊主人茶好。總之，敬茶是國人禮儀中待客的一種日常禮節(jié)，也是社會交往的一項內容，不僅是對客人、朋友的尊重, 也能體現(xiàn)自己的修養(yǎng)(self-cultivation)。

翻譯：

Nowadays, offering tea to guests has becomecommon etiquette in daily social interaction andfamily life.As the saying goes, white spirit, full cup;tea, half cup.Tea cup should be held on the righthand and offered to guests with a smile from theirright side.Of course,the guests should pay respect as well, taking over the cup with bothhands and nodding to express his thanks.When tasting tea,you should drink it in small sips,the beauty and fun of which is beyond words.In addition, you could praise the tea of theowner appropriately.In short, offering tea is a daily ritual of Chinese people when receivingguests and it is also part of social interaction.It can not only show respect to guests andfriends, but also reflect your self-cultivation.詞匯詳解：

1.敬茶:可以理解為“獻茶”，故譯為offer tea。

2.俗話說:可譯為as the saying goes,固定譯法。

3.酒滿茶半:可譯為white spirit，full cup;tea，halfcup。在中國的餐桌文化里，酒要倒?jié)M，而茶要倒半杯。

4.以禮還禮:可譯為pay respect as well。

5.講究小口品飲:即drink it in small sips。其中，sip作名詞，意為“小口喝”;也可以作動詞，例如Mike sipped hisdrink quickly.(邁克快速地喝了 一小口飲料。)詞組take a sip表示“喝一小口，抿一口?！?/p>

6.日常禮節(jié):可譯為daily ritual。

7.對客人、朋友的尊重:可譯為動詞詞組，即show respect to guests and friends。

景德鎮(zhèn)瓷器

景德鎮(zhèn)(Jingdezhen)位于江西省東北部，以瓷器而聞名，歷來被譽為中國的 “千年瓷都”。在景德鎮(zhèn)出產的各類瓷器中，尤以青花瓷(blue and white porcelain)最為突出。清代是青花瓷的鼎盛時期，景德鎮(zhèn)青花瓷以其燒造精致而獨占鰲頭。新中國成立后，在景德鎮(zhèn)設立了人民瓷廠(People'sPorcelain Factory)專門生產青花瓷。景德鎮(zhèn)青花瓷造型優(yōu)美，色彩絢麗，裝飾精美，是景德鎮(zhèn)四大傳統(tǒng)名瓷之一，素有“永不凋謝的青花”之稱。青花瓷遠銷世界各地，受到世界人民的喜愛。

翻譯：

Jingdezhen，located in the northeast of JiangxiProvince，is famous for porcelain and is honored as“home of porcelain for thousands of years” inChina.Among different types of porcelain producedin Jingdezhen，blue and white porcelain is the mostrenowned.Blue and white porcelain reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty.Blue and whiteporcelain from Jingdezhen ranked first for its fine production.After new China was founded,People's Porcelain Factory was set up in Jingdezhen to produce blue and white porcelainspecially.Blue and white porcelain from Jingdezhen is elegantly shaped，rich in color anddelicately decorated.It is one of the four famous traditional types of porcelain in Jingdezhen,and enjoys the reputation of “ever-green blue and white porcelain”.Blue and white porcelainhas been sold to countries all over the world and is liked by people around the world.詞匯詳解：

1.位于:可譯為be located in,也可用lie in或be situated in等來表達。

2.被譽為:可譯為be honored as，也可譯為be praisedas。

3.清代是青花瓷的鼎盛時期:本句可以理解為“青花瓷在清代達到頂峰”，其中 “達到頂峰”可以用reach its peak表達。

4.專門生產:其中“專門”可譯為specially。

5.色彩約麗:即“色彩豐富”，可譯為rich in color，也可以用形容詞colorful表達。

6.永不凋謝的:可以理解為“常青的”，即ever-green。調整后的六級翻譯越來越重視中國的歷史、文化、經濟和社會發(fā)展等主題，所以，在這最后寶貴的2周內，小編建議大家趕快抓緊時間背誦一些與中國節(jié)日、歷史事件、經濟文化、旅游活動、社會發(fā)展等相關的詞匯。正所謂臨陣磨槍，不亮也光，我們要在這最后的一點時間內，大量輸入相關的知識背景，爭取在考場上混個臉熟~嘿嘿~

奪分要點

翻譯一直追求“信”、“達”、“雅”。慶幸的是，六級考試中要求沒有那么高，我們只要做到“信”和“達”就可以啦。對于實力較強的同學，如果想在翻譯題中奪得高分，千萬不要忽視以下四個要點：

1、高級詞匯。翻譯時，盡量表現(xiàn)出自己的語言水平，避免使用一些過于簡單的詞匯，而要選擇一些更高級的詞匯，例如“have to”可以換成“be obliged to”。

2、句式多樣?？梢杂羞x擇性地運用倒裝結構、被動語態(tài)、否定句、虛擬語氣、比較結構、從句、非謂語動詞等句型，讓句式結構更加豐富多彩。

? 例：正是通過絲綢之路，中國的造紙、火藥、指南針、印刷術等四大發(fā)明才被引介到世界各地。

? 一般譯文：The Silk Road introduced four Chinese inventions to the world.They were papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing.? 高分譯文：It was through the Silk Road that the four great inventions of ancient China, namely papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing, were introduced to the world.? 點評：“一般譯文”為兩個主動語態(tài)的簡單句，“高分譯文”將其整合成了一個被動句。把“正是??才??”處理成了“It was? that?”的強調句型，并將“造紙、火藥、指南針、印刷術”處理成了插入語“namely papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing”。

3、長難句。譯文中如果出現(xiàn)1~2個長難句，可以立馬吸引考官的眼球，瞬間讓譯文變身高大上，提升水平檔次。

? 例：物質文化的交流是雙向的，歐洲也通過絲綢之路出口各種商品和植物，滿足中國市場的需求。

? 一般譯文：The exchange of material culture is a two-way process.Europe also exported various goods and plants through the Silk Road.It could meet the needs of the Chinese market.? 高分譯文：As the exchange of material culture is a two-way process, various goods and plants were also exported through the Silk Road from Europe to China to meet the needs of the Chinese market.? 點評：“一般譯文”為三個簡單句，而“高分譯文”將其合并成了一個長句。把“物質文化的交流是雙向的”處理為狀語從句“As the exchange of material culture is a two-way process”，并將“滿足中國市場的需求”作為目的狀語“to meet the needs of the Chinese market”。

4、字跡工整。翻譯過程中難免會進行多次修改，從而影響卷面整潔，所以一定要先打草稿，整潔的卷面有助于增加印象分哦~

這四個妙招同學們肯定都非常熟悉，但卻常常被大家忽視。例如，小明在做翻譯時，總是習慣性地使用基礎詞匯，然后又習慣性地使用簡單句型，當時間緊迫時還會緊張地老寫錯別字，導致在卷面上涂涂改改，影響美觀。不知不覺，小明默默地走上了“低分”之路。所以，教研君要提醒大家，應時刻將這四招牢記于心，并且認真貫徹實施，那么，“高分”就在向你們招手哦~

最后，同學們也來練練手吧，拼一拼誰的詞匯更高級~

1.鋼筋、水泥等生產資料大幅度增長。

2.安徽位于華東的西北部，兼跨長江、淮河流域。

3.除此之外，中國其他各地還有各自獨特的風俗。

4.在中華民族的幾千年的歷史中，產生了很多的民族英雄和革命領袖。

---------答案---------

1.There was substantial growth in the production of capital goods such as rolled steel and cement.2.Anhui Province is situated in the northwest of East China, covering both the Yangtze River valley and the Huaihe River valley.3.Together with the celebration there appear some other special customs in China.4.During the thousands of years of recorded history, the Chinese nation has given birth to many national heroes and revolutionary leaders.

第二篇：六級翻譯

(一）《孫子兵法》（The Art of War）是中國古代最重要的一部軍事著作之一，是我國優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化重要組成部分。孫子（Sun Tzu），即該書作者，在書中揭示的一系列具有普遍意義的軍事規(guī)律，不僅受到軍事家們的推崇，還在經濟領域，領導藝術，人生追求甚至家庭關系等諸多方面，均有廣泛的指導作用?！秾O子兵法》中許多名言警句（epigram），富有哲理，意義深遠，在國內外廣為流傳。如今《孫子兵法》中的語言，在世界軍事史上具有重要地位。

譯點精析：

1、普遍意義的——universal，軍事規(guī)律——military laws

2、具有廣泛的指導作用——play an extensive guiding role.“廣泛的”還可以翻譯為far-reaching或broad

3、人生追求——the pursuit of life

4、名言警句——famous sayings and epigrams5、意義深遠——have profound meanings

6、廣為流傳—— be widely circulated?！绷鱾鳌斑€可用spread表示

參考譯文：The Are of War is one of the most important ancient Chinese military literary works,and serves as an important part of outstanding traditional culture in China.Sun Tzu,The author of the book,revealed a series of universal military laws which are not only valued by militarists but also play an extensive guiding role in several fields such as economy,art of leadership,the pursuit of life and even family relationship.There are a lot of famous sayings and epigrams in The Art of War that are rich in wisdom and have profound meanings and are thus widely circulated both at home and abroad.Nowadays The Art of War has been translated into many languages and it also plays an important role in the military history of the world.（二）太極（Tai Chi）是中國文化史上的一個重要概念。太極拳（traditional Chinese shadow boxing）包含一系列緩慢的動作，旨在修煉身心。它是一種舞蹈卻不需要隨音樂起舞，你只需聆聽內心的節(jié)奏。太極拳是中國武術（martial art）的一種，他創(chuàng)自數(shù)千年前，原本是一種自衛(wèi)的技藝。全世界成千上萬人練習它，主要是由于它對人類健康的神奇作用。因為他將身體動作，平靜、冥想（meditative）心境結合起來，所以他長被稱作“冥想運動（meditation in motion）”。

【譯點精析】

修煉身心——physical and spiritual practice或者physical and mental practice。

不需要音樂起舞——dot no need to dance to music,其中dance...to固定表達，隨著...起舞

一種自衛(wèi)技藝——a self-defensive skill,defensive 譯為防御的，防衛(wèi)的。

它對人類健康的神奇作用——its miraculous effects on human’s health

將身體動作，平靜、冥想（meditative）心境結合起來——combines the body’s movements with the calm and meditative state of mind。將...與...結合起來可譯為combine...with...state of mind心境

【參考譯文】

Tai Chi is a significant notion in Chinese cultural history.Traditional Chinese shadow boxing includes a series of slow movements aiming at the physical and spiritual practice.It is a kind of dance but you do not need to dance to music.You just need to listen to the rhythm of your heart.Traditional Chinese shadow boxing is a kind of Chinese martial art.It was created thousands of years ago and originally used as a selfdefensive skill.It is practiced by thousands of people around the world mostly because of its miraculous effects on human’s health.It is often called “meditation in motion”because it combines the body’s movement-s with the calm and meditative state of mind.（三）電子書（e-book）通常指數(shù)字化出版物，它可以包含文字、圖片、聲音、影像或幾者兼有。現(xiàn)在人們經常使用智能手機（smartphone）、平板電腦（tablet）或者專門為電子書制造的電子閱讀器來閱讀電子書。電子書內容豐富，便于存儲，而且價格低廉，有助于閱讀的普及。從傳統(tǒng)意義上講，電子書是紙質書的電子化，但現(xiàn)在許多電子書并沒有紙質的對應物。電子書以數(shù)字形式存儲，因此人們隨時都可以閱讀。2012年，美國電子書的銷量首次超過精裝書（handcover book）。

[譯點精析]

1、數(shù)字化譯為digitized，而不是digital，是要強調動作概念。

2、專門為...制造譯為specially made for...3、閱讀的普及：the popularity of reading

4、版本的英文表達version，紙質書譯為printed books

5、紙質的對應物：”對應物“可譯為equivalent

6、超過：可用surpassed表示，還可以用exceed表示 沖刺備考建議

首先，在進行翻譯練習時，盡量力求翻譯答案多樣化，特別化。常用的簡單的表達方式盡量不要用了，選擇一些不常用的復雜一點的表達方式會讓我們的翻譯內容顯得更有水平。

其次，掌握重點核心表達，多背搭配，同時利用經典搭配多造句子，完善語法結構。這樣不僅可以擴展思維、開闊思路，同時可以提高自己的寫作水平。

最后，分析歷年真題，強化重點語法知識。如倒裝結構、虛擬語氣、比較結構、定語從句、狀語從句、非謂語動詞等。

翻譯原文：E-books generally refer to digitized publications.They can include words,pictures,sounds,images,or a combination of two or more.Now people often read e-books with smartphones,tablets,or e-books readers that are specially made for e-books.E-books have colorful contents and are convenient to store.Their prices are cheap and they are conductive to the popularity of reading.E-books are traditionally believed as an electronic version of the printed books.but now many e-books exist without any printed equivalent.E-books are stored digitally,so they can be read at any time.In 2012,e-books sales in the United States surpassed hardcover book sales for the first time.（四）孔子是中國著名的思想家，教育家，以及儒教（Confucianism）的創(chuàng)立者。他的學說深刻影響了中國兩千多年的歷史?？鬃右蚱湔軐W家思想而著名，他在當時說過很多著名的言論。這些言論幫助人們認識自然，世界和人類行為。他也幫助過政府和帝王?？鬃咏趟麄內绾纬晒芾碜约旱耐鯂?。孔子的言論主要收錄在《孔子論語》（Analects of Confucius）一書中。它們反映了孔子政治和道德觀。

Confucius is a famous ancient Chinese thinker ,educator ,and founder of Confucianism which deeply influences China for more than two years.Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China.Those sayings helped people learn about nature ,world ,and human behavior.He also helped the government and the emperor.He taught them lessons on how to rule his kingdom successfully.Confucius's thoughts were mainly collected in the Analects of Confucius.They relects Confucius's thoughts on politics and ethics.解析：

第二句的學說即是儒教，所以可以用定語從句將其與第一句連接起來。影響可以說influence，have an influence on···

Be famous for=be known for因···而著名。

Teach sb.Sth.教某人某事

（五）京劇（Peking Opera）已有200多年的歷史，是中國的國劇。與其他地方戲相比，京劇享有更高的聲譽，但其實京劇融合了多種地方戲的元素。京劇演員的臉譜（facial make-up）和戲服都很精美，相比之下舞臺布景則十分簡單，表演者主要應用四種技能：唱、念、做、打。京劇較擅長于表現(xiàn)歷史題材的政治，軍事斗爭，故事大多取自歷史演義和小說話本（historic and fictional stories）。在古代，京劇大多是在戶外演出的，因此演員們形成了一種有穿透力的唱腔，以便每個人都能聽到。

【譯點精析】

1,享有更高的聲譽——enjoys a higher reputation

2, 戲服——costume

3,相比之下——by contrast

4,舞臺布景——backdrop，如果不知道這個詞，也可以用background。

5,政治軍事斗爭——political and military struggle，斗爭還可譯為battle。

6,在戶外——in the open air或者outdoors。

7,形成可用develop表示，而不用shape或form?！庇写┩噶Φ摹白g為piercing。唱腔乍看可能不好翻譯，其實就是歌唱的風格，即style of song。

【參考譯文】

Peking Opera,as the national opera of China,has a history of more than 200 years.Compared with other Chinese local operas,Peking Opera enjoys a higher reputation,but actually it absorbed many elements of other local operas.The facial make-up and costumes of the performers are very delicate;by contrast,the backdrops are quite plain.During performance,the performers mainly utilize four skills:song,speech,dance,and combat.Peking Opera is better at performing political and military struggle with historical themes and the performed stories are mainly from historic and fictional stories.In ancient times,Peking Opera was mostly performed in the open air,so the performers developed a piercing style of song that could be heard by everyone.自駕游（self-driving tour）屬于自助旅游的一種類型，是近年來我國新興的旅游方式，以自由、靈活、富有個性化等突出特點被旅游者接受和喜愛。自駕游在選擇目的地、參與旅程設計和體驗自由等方面，給旅游者提供了極大的靈活性，與傳統(tǒng)的參團旅游（group tour）相比更具有自身的特點和魅力。隨著自駕旅游者增多，自駕游市場已經成形，越來越多的旅行社、汽車俱樂部、汽車租賃公司（car rental companies）看好這個市場，并涉足這一市場的開發(fā)。

【譯點精析】

1、自助旅游——self-help travel/self-service travel

2、新興的旅游方式——a new travel mode/a new way of travel

3、自由、靈活、富有個性化等突出特點——striking characteristics of being free,flexible and personalized。striking——顯著的，突出的

4、提供了極大的靈活性——provides travelers with great flexibility5、目的地——target place/destination

6、看好這個市場，并涉足這一市場的開發(fā)——are optimistic about this market and get involved in the development of the market，其中“看好”——are optimistic about表示“對...持樂觀態(tài)度”“涉足”——get involved in

【參考譯文】

Self—driving tour,a sort of self—help travel,is a new travel mode in China in recent years.It has won traveler's acceptance and love for its striking characteristics of being free,flexible and personalized.It provides travelers with great flexibility in selecting target place,participating in devising travel procedures and experiencing freedom,which endows it with its own characteristics and charm compared with traditional group tour.As self—driving tourists increase,self—driving tour market has taken shape.More and more travel agencies,car clubs and car rental companies are optimistic about this market and get involved in the development of the market.頤和園是世界上保存最完整的皇家園林，也是當今中國最大的皇家園林。它坐落于北京西北部的郊區(qū)，占地290公頃，主要由萬壽山和昆明湖構成。在1998年12月，聯(lián)合國教科文組織(UNESCO)將頤和園列入《世界遺產名錄》。該名錄宣稱“頤和園的人工景觀與自然景觀和諧地融為一體，堪稱中國風景園林設計中的創(chuàng)造性杰作”。

The Summer Palace is regarded as the best-preserved imperial garden in the world,and is the largest of its kind in modern-day China.Situated in the northwestern outskirts of Beijing,the

palace occupies an area of 290 hectares and consists mainly of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake.In December 1998 , UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List.It declared

the Summer Palace an“ outstanding expression of the creative art of Chinese Landscape Garden Design,incorporating the works of humankind and nature in a harmonious whole.”

漢語多重復，而英語則常常需要避免重復，因此在翻譯重復的漢語是，多采用桶詞異譯法，或者采用代詞來進行替代。該句中of its kind來翻譯重復的皇家園林。最后一句，對原文據需進行了調整，原文的兩個分句是因果關系，而譯文采用了伴隨性定語從句來翻譯。

第三篇：六級翻譯

時光的唯一作用就在于它篩出了糟粕，因為只有真正優(yōu)秀的文學作品才能存留下來。那些杰出的偉人不會從這個世界消失，它們的靈魂保存在書本里，云游四方。書是活的聲音，它所包含的智慧今人依然聆聽。因此，我們依然時刻受到過去偉人的影響。那些世界巨匠像過去一樣活在人世間。

The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products;for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.The great and good do not die from this world.Embalmed in books,their spirits walk abroad.The book is a living voice.It is an intellect to which one still listens.The great and the good will be always remembered as time goes by.書籍具有不朽的精神，他們是迄今為止人類所創(chuàng)造持續(xù)最久的產品。宇宙會損壞，塑像會頹廢，但是書籍卻能常存人間。對于思想而言，時間并不重要，它們今天讓然能同多年前第一次在作者的頭腦中剛剛產生時那樣鮮活。當年的話語和思想如今依然通過書本在向我們生動的述說。

Books possess the essence of immortality.They are by far the most lasting products of human effort.The universe can be damaged,temples and statues decay,but books survive.Time is of no account with great thoughts,which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author's minds ages ago.What was then said an thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page.老年為少年之過來人，少年為老年之候補者，老與少，只不過時間上之差別而已。然中國習慣，對老少之間，往往劃有無形界限。在客觀上，有時重老而輕少，有時重少而輕老。在主觀上，老者自恃其老，少年自矜其少。幾千年來，遂形成老者自以為持重練達而菲薄少年為少不更事；而少年自以為新銳精進而輕蔑老者為老朽昏庸。此真所謂偏頗兩失之見也。Old Age and Young The aged are the antecedents of the young, and the young are the candidates of the aged.The difference between age and youth is only a matter of time.But, according to the Chinese custom, there is always an invisible line of demarcation between them.Objectively speaking,sometimes the aged are held in esteem and the young are made light of;sometimes it is just the other way round.Subjectively speaking, the aged are self-conceited because of their good old age, while the young think no small beer of their own youth.For thousands of years it has been assumed that the aged, thinking themselves experienced and more skillful, look down upon the young for their greenness in worldly affairs, while the young, thinking themselves fresh in life and more energetic, call the aged old fogies.Either of these views, of course, is far from being impartial.《紅樓夢》問世二百年以來,通過漢文原文和各種譯文讀過此書的人,不知有多少億！這么多的讀者哪一個是先看批評家的文章,然而再讓批評家牽著鼻子走,按圖索驥地去讀原作呢?我看是絕無僅有的。一切文學作品,特別是象《紅樓夢》這樣偉大的作品,內容異常地豐富,涉及到的社會層面異常地多,簡直象是一個寶山，一座迷宮。而讀者群就更加復雜，他們來讀《紅樓夢》，會各就自己的特點，欣賞該書中的某一個方面，受到鼓舞，受到啟發(fā)，引起了喜愛；也可能受到打擊，引起了憎惡。總之是千差萬別。Ever since the publication of

A Dream of Red Mansions some 200 years ago, hundreds of millions of people have read its Chinese original or its translations in various languages.Of these innumerable people, how many have read the novel by starting with a perusal of the critics' articles and allowing themselves to be led by the nose by the critics as to how to read the novel? Next to none.All literary works, especially a monumental

one like A Dream of Red Mansions, are extremely rich in content and involve diverse social strata-to such an extent that they virtually resemble a mountain of treasure or a labyrinth.And the readers are even more complicated, differing from each other in family background.They will each appreciate a certain aspect of the novel according to their own individuality.They may feel inspired and enlightened, and hence love it, or they may feel hurt, and hence loathe it.In short, there actions vary.一個好青年必須身體健康。無論從事什么行業(yè)，健康的身體才是成功的基礎。它使我們能夠努力工作，堅定不移；使我能夠奮斗，堅持下去。除此之外，我們更能適應當前的工作，能為成功而奮斗，能夠忍受艱苦，能夠報效國家。一個好青年必須培養(yǎng)良好，高尚的品格。很多學問淵博的人誤入歧途。他們對社會甚至對國家的破壞大于貢獻。他們只追求自己的利益，而不知道道德為何物。這個觀點看來，“德行”對一個優(yōu)秀青年更為重要。對于一個好青年來說，學問是自己的事，不能依靠別人。

A good young man must have a healthy body condition.No matter what kind of job you engaged in,a healthy body is the base of success.It makes us work hard and unswervingly;it makes us endeavor and insist.Besides these,we can adapt to the present job better,fight for the success,bear the hardships and serve our country.A good young man must cultivate a fine and lofty character..Many learned people go astray and the harm they have done to the society or even the country exceeds his dedication.They only chased after their personal interests without knowing what the morality is.From this point of view,“morality”is more important to an excellent young man.To a good young man,knowledge is his own business,and he can not depend on others.九寨溝的山水風光，縱有萬麗千奇，一旦離開原始的自然美，就一切都沒有了。”他們的見解是精辟的。當你步入溝中，便可見樹正群海蕩漾生輝，瀑布舒灑碧玉。一到金秋，滿山楓葉絳紅。盛夏，湖山幽翠。仲春，樹綠花艷?四時都呈現(xiàn)出它的天然原始，寧靜幽深。All the beauty of Jiuzhaigou is endowed by nature.If the natural charm were removed, there would be no more of Jiuzhaigou.Mystic lakes and sparkling waterfalls captivate your eyes as you enter the ravine.The trees are their greenest in spring when intensified by colorful flowers.In summer, warm tints spread over the hills and lake lands.As summer merges into autumn, the maple trees turn fiery-red, splashing color through the thickly forested hills.Tranquility pervades primitive Jiuzhaigou throughout the year.近代以來，亞洲經歷了曲折和艱難的發(fā)展歷程。亞洲人們?yōu)楦淖冏约旱拿\，始終以不屈的意志和艱辛的奮斗開辟前進道路。今天，人們所看到的亞洲發(fā)展成就，是勤勞智慧的亞洲人民不屈不撓、鍥而不舍奮斗的結果。

亞洲人民深知，世界上沒有放之四海而皆準的發(fā)展模式，也沒有一成不變的發(fā)展道路，亞洲人民勇于變革創(chuàng)新，不斷開拓進取，探索和開辟適應時代潮流，符合自身實際的發(fā)展道路，為經濟社會發(fā)展打開了廣闊前景。

In modern times, Asia experienced twists and turns in its development.To change their destiny,the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit and with hard struggle.Asia's development achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of the industrious and talented Asian people.The people of Asia are fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging

path of development that is universally applicable.They never shy away from reform and innovation.Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social development.截至2003年12月，歐盟15個成員國來華投資項目數(shù)已達16158個，合同外資金額約650億美元，實際投入378億美元。與此同時，中國的一些大企業(yè)如聯(lián)想、海爾、華為、TCL等，也開始在歐盟投資設廠或成立營銷、研發(fā)中心。歐盟還一直是中國引進先進技術和設備的重要來源。中國與歐盟在先進技術，尤其是高科技產品方面的合作有助于歐盟擴大對華出口，也有利于中國企業(yè)產業(yè)升級、技術更新，符合雙方利益，具有很大的發(fā)展空間。

By the end of December 2003, the 15 members of the EU had altogether invested in 16,158 projects in China with the contractual investment worth of US$ 65 billion and with the actually utilized investment ofUS$ 37.8 billion.At the same time, some of China's big companies like Lenovo, Haier, Huawei Technologyand TCL have started to make investment in the EU member states to establish plants or marketing, R centers.The EU has always been an important source of technology and equipment import for China.The Sino-EU cooperation in the field of advanced technologies,especially the new and high-tech products, helps expand the EU export to China and also helps Chinese enterprises upgrade their industries, renovate their technologies.All these are in the interests of both sides and have considerable space for further growth.盡管全球大量的電子產品和鞋等都是中國制造，但這些產品的設計都是在歐美或日本完成的。中國公司制造自己品牌的產品時，通常是模仿國外。但如今不同了，他們都想開創(chuàng)自己的品牌。隨著中國公司在設計上的改進，跨國公司意識到，他們的產品需要專門針對中國消費者的品味進行“量身定做”了。這些使中國設計產業(yè)開始繁榮起來。

Although large numbers of global electronic products and shoes are made in China,the design of these products are finished by Europe and America of Japan.In the past,the Chinese companies usually imitated foreign countries when producing their own brand products.But nowadays it is all different.They want to create their own brand.Along with the design improvement of the Chinese companies,the multination companies realize that their product need to be “tailored”to be the taste of Chinese consumers.All of these make the Chinese design industry become prosperous.我們的現(xiàn)代化建設，必須從中國的實際出發(fā)。無論是革命還是建設，都要注意學習和借鑒外國經驗。但是，照抄照搬別國經驗、別國模式，從來不能得到成功。這方面我們有過教訓。把馬克思主義的普遍真理同我國的具體實際結合起來，走自己的道路，建設有中國特色的社會主義，這就是我們總結長期歷史經驗得出的基本結論。

Our country's modernization must start from the reality of China.Either on the revolution of the construction we need to learn and draw the experience from the foreign countries.But we will never win the success if we mechanically copy other countries' experience or formats.We have already had the lesson in this aspect.It is the basic conclusion which we summarized the long-term historical experience that we should combine the Marxism's universal truth with out specific situation together,walking on our own roads and building up the socialism with Chineseaharacteristic.

第四篇：六級翻譯

北京有無數(shù)的胡同。胡同的意思就是小巷子。平民百姓在胡同里的生活給古都北京帶來了無窮的魅力。通常，胡同內有一個大雜院，房間夠4到10個家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充滿了友善和人情味。北京的胡同不僅僅是平民百姓的生活環(huán)境，而且還是一門建筑藝術。它反映了社會的變遷。隨著社會和經濟的飛速發(fā)展，很多胡同將成為人們的記憶。

In Beijing,there are many Hutongs, which mean small lanes.The life of ordinary people in these lanes contributes greatly to the charm of Beijing, the ancient capital.Usally, there is a courtyard complex inside the Hutong, with rooms for an average of 4 to 10 families of about 20 members.So life at the Hutong is that of a friendly and interpersonal communication.Hutong is the living environment of ordinary Bejing natives.It is also an art of architecture.It reflects the changes of the society.With the rapid development of the society and economy, many Hutongs will live only in people’s memory.端午節(jié)，又稱龍舟節(jié)，為每年農歷五月初五。端午節(jié)起源于中國，最初是我國以祛病防疫的節(jié)日，后來傳說愛國詩人屈原在這一天死去，也同時成了中國漢族人民紀念屈原的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。端午節(jié)有吃粽子，賽龍舟等主要習俗。特別是賽龍舟的習俗受到普遍的歡迎，因為它不僅是一種體育娛樂活動，更體現(xiàn)出人們心中的愛國主義和集體主義精神

Duanwu Festival, also called The Dragon-boat Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese lunar calendar.It originated in China as a festival for the Chinese people to prevent and get rid of diseases.Later on, it was said that Quyuan, the patriotic poet, died on this day and it became a traditional festival in memory of Quyuan for the Chinese Han people.Eating zongzi and racing dragon boats are the main customs of Duanwu Festival.Especially, dragon boat racing is very popular, for it is not only an activity of sports and recreation, but also embodies people’s patriotism and collectivism.中醫(yī)是我國的傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學，起源于大約6000年前的神農氏時代。中醫(yī)學在長期的發(fā)展過程中，逐漸形成了一套醫(yī)學原則和觀點。中醫(yī)認為“萬物人為貴”。中醫(yī)師通過了解人與自然以及人體各部位之間的種種關系來診斷和治療人的疾病。中醫(yī)有完整的理論體系和臨床治療辦法，其獨特的療效和科學體系贏得了全世界的廣泛贊譽。The Chinese medicine, known as “traditional Chinese medicine” in China, originated about 6000 years ago, in the era of Shennong, a famous herbal medicine master in ancient China.During the long-term development, the traditional Chinese medicine has gradually formed a set of medical principles and concepts.Traditional Chinese medicine holds that nothing compares to a human life.Traditional Chinese medical doctors diagnose and treat the patients’ diseases through finding out the relationship between man and nature, and among the various parts of the human body.Traditional Chinese medicine has developed a complete theoretical system and complete clinical treatment approaches.And it wins widespread praises all over the world because of its unique effectiveness and its scientific nature.文化是一個國家的面孔。在中國文化輸出的過程中，中華民族這個巨人給世界帶去了物質和精神文化大餐。在中國文化對外傳播的歷史道路上，絲綢、瓷器、茶葉、科技發(fā)明這些物質文明符號，帶動了世界的進步，而“四書”、“五經”等典籍所倡導的中庸、守信、謙和、善治等精神則在世界上樹立了中國的精神符號。Culture is a country’s face.During the course of Chinese culture output, the giant of the Chinese nation has taken to the world the cultural feast of both materials and spirit.On the historical path of the foreign communication of the Chinese culture, such signs of material civilization as silk, china, tea, and scientific and technological inventions led the world’s progress.Meanwhile, such spirit as the golden mean, faith keeping, modesty and gentleness and good governance initiated in the classic works of the Four Books, the Five Classics, etc, established the signs of the Chinese spirit in the world.我們將大力促進亞洲和世界發(fā)展繁榮。新世紀以來，中國已成為眾多周邊國家的最大貿易伙伴、最大出口市場、重要投資來源地。中國同亞洲和世界的利益融合達到前所未有的廣度(scope)和深度。當前和今后一個時期，中國經濟將繼續(xù)保持健康發(fā)展的勢頭，國內需求特別是消費需求將持續(xù)擴大，對外投資也將大幅增加。中國越發(fā)展，越能給亞洲和世界帶來發(fā)展機遇。

China will strongly promote development and prosperity in both Asia and the world.Since the beginning of this new century, China has become the largest trading partner, the biggest export market and a major source of investment of many neighboring countries.China’s interests have never been so closely connected with those of the rest of Asia and the world in both scope and depth.At present and in the future period, China will continue to maintain its healthy growth trend.Its domestic demand, particularly consumption-driven demand will continue to grow and its investment in foreign countries will increase greatly.The more China develops, the more developing opportunities it will bring to Asia and the world.建設生態(tài)文明是關系人民福祉、關系民族未來的大計。中國要實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化、信息化、農業(yè)現(xiàn)代化、必須要走出一條新的發(fā)展道路。中國明確把生態(tài)環(huán)境保護擺在更加突出的位置。我們需要金山銀山，更要綠水青山。我們決不能一犧牲生態(tài)環(huán)境為代價換取經濟的一時發(fā)展。我們提出了建設生態(tài)文明、建設美麗中國的戰(zhàn)略任務，給子孫留下天藍、地綠、水凈的美好家園。

The construction of ecological civilization is important for the happiness of the Chinese people and the future of the Chinese nation.To realize industrialization, urbalization, informationization and agricultural modernization, China must find a new development path out.China makes it clear to put the protection of ecological environment in a more outstanding postion.We need mountains pf gold and silver, but we also need green mountains and waters more.We mustn’t gain the temporary economic development at the expense of the ecological environment.Thus, we put forward the strategic task of constructing ecological civilization and a beautiful China, leaving our descendants a beautiful home with blue sky, green land and clear water.中國作為文明古國，同樣有著輝煌的城市發(fā)展史。著名的《清明上河圖》(Riverside Scene during Qingming Festival)，就生動地描繪了12世紀中國商業(yè)城市開封的繁榮景象。中國的城市也具有自身特色。改革開放30多年來，中國工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化步伐明顯加快，城鎮(zhèn)居民從1.7億人增加到7億人，形成了一批有重要影響和發(fā)展活力的城市群(city cluster)，促進了經濟發(fā)展和社會進步。

China, a country with an ancient civilization, also has a brilliant history of urban development.The famous painting Riverside Scene During the Qingming Festival vividly captures the life of Kaifeng, a commercial city in China in the 12^th century.Chinese cities also have their own characteristics.Since the launching of the reform and opening-up program over 30 years ago, China has quickened the pace of industrialization and urbalization, with urban pollution increasing from 170 million to some 700 million, forming a number of city clusters with strong influence and developing vigor, which has promoted economic development and social progress.“學習”這兩個字是由中國的孔夫子首先講的。他是一個偉大的教育家。他自己學習十分努力，又有了多年的教學經驗，就總結出這么一句話：“學而時習之，不亦樂乎？”這是“學習”一詞的來源。任何人要獲得新知識，途徑只有一條，那便是“學”。但要使它成為自己的東西，就必須“習”。孔子的話，在今天仍然具有教育意義。The two characters “xue”and “xi” were first used by China’s Confucius, who was a great educator.Studying hard himself, and having many years’ experience of teaching, he summed up the question in one sentence: “isn’t it enjoyable to learn something and to review it often?” And that’s the origin of the word “xuexi”, which means “study”.There is only one way for anyone to acquire new knowledge, and that’s

“l(fā)earning”.But one must review it to turn it into something of his own.So Confucius’ teaching is still instructive today.在外國民眾看來，最能代表中國文化的就是中餐、中國功夫、大紅燈籠和京劇這樣一些符號。全世界有中國人的地方，大都會有中國餐館，而中國餐館又大都會有大紅燈籠，或是掛著中國功夫的圖片或是播放著中國京劇。很多外國人喜愛這些中國文化的符號。這些老符號有著很大的魅力，有助于傳播中國文化或打造中國形象。

To people from the foreign countries, what can best represent the Chinese culture are such signs as Chinese meals, Chinese gongfu, the red lantern, and Peking opera.In the world, where there are Chinese people, there are Chinese restaurants, where red lanterns or pictures of Chinese gongfu are hung or China’s Peking Opera is played.Many foreigners love these signs of the Chinese culture.These old signs are full of charm, and are beneficial for the transmission of the Chinese culture or the creation of the Chinese iamge.“中國夢”的含義是國家富強、民族復興和人民幸福。中國夢是國家的夢，民族的夢和人民的夢，也是每一個中國人的夢，是個人之夢的集合，是共同的夢。正如習主席所說：“國家好、民族好、大家才會好?！敝袊鴫舫錆M著中華文明“家國天下”的理性光輝。中國夢也是和平之夢，合作之夢，共贏之夢。中國夢今天是夢想，明天將是現(xiàn)實。

The Chinese Dream means a prosperous and strong China, the revival of the Chinese nation and a happy life for the Chinese people.The Chinese Dream is the dream of a country, a nation and a people.It is also a dream of every Chinese.It is a combination of individual dreams and it is a common dream.Just as President Xi puts it, only when the country and the nation are better off can every one of us be better off.The Chinese Dream is filled with the rational brilliance of the Chinese civilization: one nation is one family and each member is responsible for its prosperity.The Chinese Dream is also a dream of peace, cooperation and win-win.Today, it is a dream.Tomorrow it will be reality.

第五篇：六級翻譯總結

六級翻譯概論

1.翻譯內容：

中國歷史、文化、經濟、社會發(fā)展。

2.重大語言錯誤：主干，時態(tài)。

3.解題步驟：

第一步：拆分句子

技巧：如果句子長度多于7個字，逗號獨立成句

第二步：找主干，進行逐句翻譯

第三步：檢查

（1）檢查拼寫是否正確

（2）檢查單復數(shù)是否正確、主謂是否一致（3）檢查句子銜接

詞匯詞組翻譯

1.詞義選擇

(1)根據上下文準確理解漢語詞義 周邊地區(qū)surrounding areas 理想的地方an ideal place 占主導地位play a leading role in/be dominated by(2)根據固定詞組和搭配選擇英語用詞

西方服飾／民族服飾western clothing/national costume 可持續(xù)發(fā)展sustainable development 經濟特區(qū)special ecnomiczone 試驗田experimental plot 改革開放the reform and openning up 以人為本people-oriented “資源節(jié)約和環(huán)境友好型”社會resource-saing and environment-friendly society

2.詞性轉換

漢語的動詞&英語的并列成分、非謂語動詞、從句、名詞、形容詞（詞組）等 Eg.促進節(jié)能減排

promote energy saving / conservation and emission reduction 3.詞語增補(1)無主句

書到后（顧客）應立即付款

You are supposed to pay right after the books are delivered.(2)連詞

（只要）留得青山在，（就）不怕沒柴燒。

As long as the green hills are there, one need not worry about firewood.(3)介詞

2006年

in 2006

4.詞語省略

(1)范疇詞（情況、工作、水平、局面、行為等）

approximately(2)修辭效果（華麗辭藻）

花園里面是人間的樂園，有的是吃不完的的大米白面，穿不完的綾羅綢緞，花不完的金銀財寶。

The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent.(3)表達習慣 修改完善

modify …(to make it perfect去掉)

5.難詞處理

(1)同/近義詞；

(2)解釋

政府應該提供資助給難民。

The government should provide financial support for people who are suffering from disasters.6.成語習語 eg.木已成舟

三個臭皮匠，頂個諸葛亮(1)約定俗成的譯法； The die is cast.Two heads are better than one.(2)根據原文直譯

We are where we are.What's done is done.Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang, the mastermind

句子句法翻譯

三種常考句型結構： 主謂賓：誰干了什么

主系表：什么是什么 / 什么怎么樣 存在句：there be

一、主謂賓

中國人自古以來就在中秋時節(jié)慶祝豐收。?主干

中國人慶祝豐收→主謂賓 ?核心動詞

慶?！鷆elebrate Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn Festival.二、主系表

旗袍（qipao）是一種雅致的中國服裝。?主干

旗袍是服裝 → 主系表 ?核心動詞 是 → is

Qipao is a kind of elegant Chinese dress.三、存在句 有→

①擁有 have ②存在 there be

句子時態(tài)翻譯

如何確定時態(tài)？

PK 現(xiàn)在完成時------楊國威 一、一般過去時

二、現(xiàn)在完成時

eg.聯(lián)合國的“千年（millennium）發(fā)展目標”在中國均已達到或即將達到。

The Millennium Development Goals of the U.N.either have been achieved or will be achieved soon in China.三、現(xiàn)在進行時 ?基本用法

1、正在進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài) e.g.The boys are reading books.2、通常與now / at present / today / these days等時間狀語連用。e.g.He is working at home today.? “正”、“正在”→ 動作正在發(fā)生 → 現(xiàn)在進行時 中國的創(chuàng)新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃發(fā)展?！?016.06 CET6】 China's innovation is having a great boom at an unprecedented rate.中國的大學和研究所正在積極開展創(chuàng)新研究?！?016.06 CET6】

Universities and research institutes in China are actively carrying out innovative researches.中國造產品越來越受歡迎?！?015.12 CET6】

Products made in China are becoming more and more popular.句子語態(tài)翻譯

盡量用被動語態(tài)翻譯

1、被、受、為……所 “被”

?被動語態(tài)基本結構：be動詞 + 動詞過去分詞

?被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)：has / have + been + 動詞過去分詞

至今已有約120個中文詞被加進了牛津英語詞典，成了英語語言的一部分。Up to now, about 120 Chinese words have been added to it, becoming a part of English language.“受”

中國父母還認為，如果孩子能在社會上取得大的成就，父母就會受到尊重。Chinese parents also hold the belief（認為）that if their children could achieve great success in the society, tthe parents themselves would be respected.“為……所” 隨著旅行多了，年輕人在大城市和著名景點花的時間少了，他們反而更為偏遠的地方所吸引。

With more travel, young people spend less time in big cities and famous sights.Instead, they are attracted to more remote places.2、預計、據說、傳說 “預計”

it is estimated that “據說”“傳說”

據說他的風箏用木頭和竹子制作，飛了三天后才落地。

It is said that his kite, made of wood and bamboo, had been flying for three days before landing.“據報道”

It is reported that

3、人們

漢語句子里“人們”（有時會省略）有的時候是泛指，本身并不強調主語、動作主體“人們”，應處理為被動句。

人們還會在門上粘貼紅色的對聯(lián)，對聯(lián)的主題為健康、發(fā)財和好運。

Doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck.4、無標記詞

很有可能這件商品是中國造的。

Chances are /It is probable that the product is made in China.宴席通常至少有一道湯，可以最先或最后上桌。

There is usually at least a bowl of soup, which could be served either at the beginning or at the end of the banquet.使用從句翻譯

從句句型

定語從句

1.作用：對前面的名詞進行修飾限定 2.引導詞：

關系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that 關系副詞：where, why, when, 介詞 + which 另外，北京還將更嚴厲地處罰違反限排規(guī)定的行為。

In addition, Beijing will punish those who violate the regulations of emission limitation more severely.非限制性定語從句

逗號（句號）+ 此、這、那、這種、那種、是、其、其中，有些 → which, whose, some of which 他說以前從沒見過她，這不是真的。

He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.中國人自古以來就在中秋時節(jié)慶祝豐收。這與北美地區(qū)慶祝感恩節(jié)的習俗十分相似。

Since the ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America.狀語從句

1.作用：在句中作狀語

具體可細分為：時間、地點、原因、條件、讓步等從句 2.引導詞： 時間

when, as, while, since, as soon as … 讓步

although, though, even if, even though … 條件

if, unless, as long as … 原因

because, as, since, for …

賓語從句

1.作用：在復合句中充當賓語 2.引導詞：

? that--有時可省略 ?if / whether ?特殊疑問詞（what, why, when …）

主語從句

1.作用：在復合句中充當主語 2.引導詞：均不能省略 ?that ?whether ?特殊疑問詞（what, why, when …）?it

表語從句

1.作用：在句中充當表語 2.引導詞： ?that ?whether ?特殊疑問詞（what, why, when …）

同位語從句

我該不該辭職，這個問題需要考慮。

The question whether I should quit my job requires consideration.使用非謂翻譯

非謂語動詞的分類 1.動詞不定式 2.動名詞

3.分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞）

非謂語動詞的用法

——作主語（可以用it作形式主語）?不定式

確保大熊貓的生存比以往更重要。

To ensure the survival of the giant panda is more important than ever.?動名詞

踢足球對你的健康有益。

Playing football is good for your health.[現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞均不能做句子中的主語]

——作賓語（可以用it作形式賓語）?不定式

最近，中國政府決定將其工業(yè)升級。

Recently, the Chinese government has decided to upgrade its industry.?動名詞

一些有影響的人士甚至建議將旗袍作為中國女性的民族服飾。

Some influential figures even suggest making Qipao a national costume for Chinese women.——作定語 ?不定式

由于其獨特的地位，深圳也是國內外企業(yè)家創(chuàng)業(yè)的理想之地。

Due to its unique status, the city is also an ideal place for the entrepreneurs at home and abroad to start up their businesses.?動名詞

春節(jié)期間閱覽室仍對外開放。

The reading room will remain open during the Spring Festival.漁村 a fishing village ?現(xiàn)在分詞

與此同時，無論在產品還是商業(yè)模式上，中國企業(yè)家也在努力爭做創(chuàng)新的先鋒，以適應國內外消費市場不斷變化和增長的需求。

Meanwhile, in order to adapt to the demand of domestic and overseas consumer markets which is constantly changingand growing … ?過去分詞

中國宴席上典型的菜單包括開席的一套涼菜及其后的熱菜，例如肉類、雞鴨、蔬菜等。

A typical Chinese banquet menu includes cold dishes served at the beginning, followed by hot dishes, such as meat, poultry, vegetables and so on.作狀語

?不定式（表目的）

他們還與各地的科技園合作，使創(chuàng)新成果商業(yè)化。

They are also working collaboratively with science and technology parks in different places to commercialize their innovative achievements.?現(xiàn)在分詞（表原因）

它最先向其他文化敞開大門，對外貿易興旺。

Being the first dynasty to open the door to other cultures, it excelled in foreign trade.?過去分詞（表條件）

再給我五分鐘，我也可以答出這個問題。Given another five minutes, I can also work out this problem.翻譯高分案例

The ideal of rural life reflected in the arts and literature is an important feature of Chinese civilization, which, to a large extent, can be attributed to Taoist affection towards nature.There are two favorite themes in traditional Chinese paintings.One theme depicts various happy scenes of family life, in which, more often than not, the elderly drink tea and play chess, men sow and reap in the fields, women weave cloth and sew clothes, and children play outside.The other theme illustrates all the pleasure you can have living in the countryside.積累---竭力

try one's best to strive to go all out to

屈從 follow 意愿 wishes

報名 sign up / apply / enroll 重點學校 key schools 錄取 be accepted by 堅持 insist stick to

be willing to do 愿意做

顧及 take into consideration

creditable adj.值得稱贊的（≈ worth praising）

attach importance to 重視（≈ take … seriously）

The government has set goals to reduce pollution, enhance energy efficiency, improve educational opportunities and

medical insurance, and expand social security.政府已設定目標減少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和醫(yī)保的機會，并擴大社會保障。

?物質文化遺產 tangible cultural heritage ?非物質文化遺產 intangible cultural heritage