第一篇：韶山英文導(dǎo)游詞

湖南-韶山英文導(dǎo)游詞

更新日期：2009-7-22 16:30:07 點(diǎn)擊： 3355 次

[字體：增大 縮小]

Good morning, Ladies and Gentlemen!

Today, we will go and visit Shaoshan, the hometown of Chairman Mao.Shaoshan is a small mountain village about 100km southwest of Changsha, the capital of Hunan province, with some fairly beautiful scenery and a once typically Hunan village atmosphere, Shaoshan has been irreparably changed by history.On the 26th December 1893, a baby was born in a little house in this village, to a relatively wealthy peasant couple.The child was to grow up to become China's Great Helmsman, Chairman Mao Zedong, and it was in this region that he spent his childhood and youth, attending school and helping his father with his work.As the hometown of the great man of the generation, now Shaoshan is one of the important tourist zones in Hunan province.The major tourist sites including the Former residence of Chairman Mao, Memorial Hall of Mao Zedong, Water-dripping Cave and Steles Forest of Mao's Poems，and so on.The former residence of Chairman Mao is the most interesting site.Entered through a courtyard, the house is of a sunny yellow, mud brick walls, with a nicely thatched roof, and is found on a wooded hillside, above some lush paddy fields.There are 13 and one half rooms in the Former residence, which include one and half central room, a kitchen, a dining room, three family bedrooms and a guest room.Within the rooms are various personal effects of Mao and his parents, as well as photos from Mao's life.This is the central room, used by two families: Mao's family and their neighbor.So we said that there is only one half of the central room belongs to Mao's family.And this is there kitchen, where Chairman Mao often helped his mother doing some housework in his childhood.Go through the kitchen was Chairman Mao's parent's bedroom, there are two photos of Chairman Mao's parents on the inner wall, and it was in this room where Chairman Mao was born.The Dripping Water Cave, about 3 km northwest of the village, is a very popular destination, possibly because of the fact that Mao allegedly spent 11 days here in the early days of the Cultural Revolution Years(1966-76), contemplating the unknown.湖南韶山-毛澤東故居英文導(dǎo)游詞

更新日期：2009-7-22 16:37:02 點(diǎn)擊： 1299 次

[字體：增大 縮小] Shaoshan(Hometown of Mao)

Shaoshan，a mountain village about 100km southwest of Changsha，with some fairly beautiful scenery and a once typically Hunan village atmosphere，has been irreparably changed by history.On the 26th December 1893，a baby was born in a little house in this village，to a relatively wealthy peasant couple.The child was to grow up to become China’s Great Helmsman，Chairman Mao Zedong，and it was in this region that he spent his childhood and youth，attending school and helping his father with his work.The tourist attractions in the village are highly propagandorial，but then this is all part and parcel of the Mao image.Loudspeakers will great you on arrival with revolutionary songs and speeches，the village is guarded by sleepily bored soldiers and the history is only partially represented at best.The revolutionary tourist attractions include the Former Residence of Mao Zedong(Mao zedong guju)，the Ancestral Temple of the Mao Family，now Comrade Mao’s Museum(Mao zedong tongzhi jinianguan)，Stone Steles covered with Mao’s poems，and a Revolutionary Martyr’s Cemetery.The former residence is the most interesting.Entered through a courtyard，the house is of a sunny yellow，mud brick walls，with a nicely thatched roof，and is found on a wooded hillside，above some lush paddy fields.You can visit all of the 13 rooms inside，that include a kitchen，a dining room，three family bedrooms，a guest room and an ancestral hall.Within the rooms are various personal effects of Mao and his parents，as well as photos from Mao’s life.If the propaganda gets too much，the area around the village is of the beautifully simple Hunan countryside，with small peasant houses scattered about the stepped paddyfields and bamboo groves.The Dripping Water Cave(Dishui dong)，about 3km northwest of the village，is a very popular destination，possibly because of the fact that Mao allegedly spent 11 days here in the early days of the Cultural Revolution Years(1966-76)，contemplating the unknown.Even nicer however，is the ascent to Shao Hill Peak(Shaoshan feng)，the conical hill just to the northwest of the village.From the summit(reached on foot [1-2hrs.] or by cable car [RMB20])，you will have some good views over the village and Hunanese countryside.Mao Zedong(help·info)(December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976;Mao Tse-tung in Wade-Giles)was the chairman of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China from 1943 and the chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China from 1945 until his death in 1976.Under his leadership, the Chinese Communist Party(CCP)became the ruling party of Mainland China after victory over Chinese Nationalists, the Kuomintang, in the Chinese Civil War.On October 1, 1949, Mao declared the formation of the People's Republic of China at Tiananmen Square.From the 1950s until his death, Mao initiated various economic and political

campaigns, such as the Anti-Rightist Campaign, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, which resulted in the deaths of tens of millions of people.His knowledge of these deaths is disputed.Introduction

Mao created a mostly unified China free of foreign domination for the first time since the Opium Wars.With Zhu De, Mao co-founded the People's Liberation Army as the Red Army on August 1, 1927 after Chiang Kai-Shek began leading a series of purges against the communists.After gaining power, Mao initiated a transformation of the economic and social system through a process of collectivisation culminating in The Great Leap Forward of 1958-62, which has subsequently been recognised as an economic disaster for China.The changes in social and agricultural policies which he ordered during this period, known in China as Three Years of Natural Disasters, caused the massive famine of 1959–1961.Mao created a totalitarian one-party-state, contributed to the Sino-Soviet Split, and initiated the Cultural Revolution, which purged, tortured, and publicly humiliated millions.These millions included many of those fellow Communists who had forced Mao to end the policies that contributed to the famine of 1959–1961.During the Cultural Revolution, Mao encouraged the wholesale destruction of a large part of China's cultural heritage.Mao Zedong is sometimes referred to as Chairman Mao in the West and in China simply as the Chairman.At the height of his personality cult, Mao was commonly known in China as the “Four Greats”: “Great Teacher, Great Leader, Great Supreme Commander, Great Helmsman”.Mao was an avid reader, particularly of Chinese history and it has been argued that his skill at outmaneuvering his political opponents as well as his belief in the overriding importance of unifying and revolutionizing China, regardless of the sacrifices imposed on his people, owed much to his understanding of Chinese imperial history.His political writings were influential in the development of Marxist thought and he also wrote poetry which retains some popularity in China.Chairman Mao

Mao Zedong(December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976)(also Mao Tse-Tung in Wade-Giles transliteration)was a Chinese Marxist theorist, soldier, poet, and statesman who led China's communist revolution after decades of foreign occupation and civil war in the 20th century.Following the Communist Party of China’s military victory over the Kuomintang in the Chinese Civil War, Mao announced the establishment of the People’s Republic of China on October 1, 1949, in the culturally-significant Tiananmen Square in Beijing.Mao pursued the ideal of strong and prosperous China, endeavoring to build a modern, industrialized nation.However, the disastrous results of Mao's most significant socio-political programs—including the Anti-Rightist Campaign, the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural Revolution—crippled China's development, leading to economic hardship, social turmoil and widespread starvation.This led to the deaths of tens of millions of Chinese people.Until his death, Mao maintained control of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China through both political acumen and a cult of personality, the latter resulting in such sobriquets as Grand Helmsman and Saviour of China.Early Life The eldest child of a moderate family, Mao Zedong was born on December 26, 1893, in a village called Shaoshan in Xiangtan county(湘潭縣), Hunan province, and thus spoke Xiang rather than Mandarin.His ancestors had migrated from Jiangxi province during the Ming Dynasty, married indigenous women, and had settled there as farmers for generations.During the 1911 Revolution, Mao served for months in a local regiment in Hunan.However, having felt unaccustomed to a life of military service, he returned to school in Changsha, where he realized the importance of both health and knowledge.Having graduated from the First Provincial Normal School of Hunan in 1918, Mao traveled with Professor Yang Changji, his high school teacher, also his future father-in-law, to Beijing during the May Fourth Movement in 1919.Professor Yang held a faculty position at National Peking University.Because of Yang's recommendation, Mao worked as an assistant librarian at the University with Li Dazhao as curator of the library.At the same time, Mao registered as a part-time student at Beijing University and audited many lectures and seminars by some famous intellectuals, such as Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, and Qian Xuantong, etc.Over his stay in Beijing, he read as much as possible, which introduced him for the first time to Communist theories.In the meantime, he married Yang Kaihui, Professor Yang Changji's daughter and also his fellow student, despite an existing marriage arranged by his father at home.Mao had never acknowledged this marriage.Later, Mao turned down an opportunity to study in France because of poverty.Later he claimed that it was because he firmly believed that China's problems could be studied and resolved only within China.As distinct from his contemporaries, Mao

went the opposite direction, studying the peasant majority of China's population where he began his life as a professional revolutionist.On July 23, 1921, Mao, at the age of 27, attended the first session of the National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai.Two years later, he was elected one of the five commissars of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China during the third session of the Congress.Mao stayed for a while in Shanghai, an important city that the CPC emphasised for the Revolution.But after the Party had encountered major difficulties in organizing labor union movements, and relations with its nationalist ally, the Kuomintang had become poor, Mao was disillusioned at the revolution there and moved back to his home village of Shaoshan.During his stay at home, Mao rekindled his interest in the revolution, having been informed of the 1925 uprisings in Shanghai and Guangzhou.He then went to Guangdong, the base of the Kuomintang, as a return of his political ambitions.During his stay there, Mao took part in the preparations for the second session of the National Congress of Kuomintang.In early 1927, Mao returned to Hunan where, in an urgent meeting held by the Communist Party of China, he made a report based upon his investigations and study of the recent peasant uprisings in the wake of the Northern Expedition.This report is considered the initial and decisive step toward the successful application of Mao's revolutionary theories in China.Political Ideas It was in Beijing, before he was married to Yang Kaihui, that Mao was introduced to Marxism.“There were three books that left great impressions on my mind”, Mao recollected, “They helped build up my solid faith in Marxism”.Among the three important books was Manifesto of the Communist Party.Nevertheless, it was a gradual process for Mao to become a Marxist.During 1920 in Hunan, Mao contributed several essays to the newspapers advocating the autonomy of Hunan Province as he firmly believed that the provincial autonomy was a prelude to the success of local prosperity, which, in turn, would add to the existence of a stronger and more prosperous China in the world.In 1920, Mao had developed his theory of violent revolution, which he adopted from the experience of the Russian revolutions, and which could probably be attributed to his early reading experience of Outlaws of the Marsh, one of the four masterpieces of Chinese ancient literature.Mao's theory of violent revolution seeks to subvert the alliance of imperialism and feudalism in China.As a rather strategic communist, Mao had not ignored those Chinese nationalists, who he thought to be both economically

and politically vulnerable.Mao concluded that the violent revolution he favored could by no means be steered by the nationalists.And that such violent revolution should be conducted by the proletariat with the help from the Chinese nationalists, and certainly under the supervision of a communist party.In the 1920s, Mao helped to conduct many labor struggles based upon his study, propagation, and organization of the contemporary labor movements.However, these struggles were subdued by the government.And Mao fled Changsha after he was labeled radical activist there.Later, Mao recollected the failures over which he pondered seriously and carefully.Mao finally realized that Chinese labor workers were not able to lead the revolution because they made up just a relatively small portion of China's population, and that unarmed labor struggles could not resolve the problems.Mao began to depend on Chinese peasants who later became staunch supporters of his theory of violent revolution, which eventually distinguished Mao from all his predecessors and contemporaries.Mao himself was from a peasant family and with his natural relationship with the farmers and peasants at home, he developed his reputation among them.And most importantly, he introduced them to marxism, certainly with his own adjustments and modifications.War and Revolution In 1927 Mao conducted the famous Autumn Harvest Uprising in Changsha, Hunan, as commander-in-chief.The army led by Mao, entitled Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants, was defeated and scattered after some fierce battles.Afterwards the exhausted troops were forced to leave Hunan for Sanwan, Jiangxi, where Mao re-organized the scattered soldiers, rearranging them from a military division into a smaller regiment.And Mao ordered that each company must have a party branch office with a commissar as its leader who would give political instructions based upon superior mandates.This military rearrangement in Sanwan, Jiangxi initiated the CPC's absolute control over its military force and has been considered to have the most fundamental and profound impact upon the Chinese revolution.Later on, they moved to Jinggang Mountains, Jiangxi.On the Jinggang mountains, Mao persuaded two local

insurgent leaders who pledged their allegiance to him.And there Mao rejoined his army with that of Zhu De.Thus he created the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army of China, Red Army in short.(the Fourth Front of Workers' and Peasants' Red Army of China).From 1931 to 1934, Mao helped establish the Soviet Republic of China and was elected Chairman of this small republic among the mountainous areas in Jiangxi.Here, Mao was married to He Zizhen.His wife Yang Kaihui, who

sacrificed for the revolution, had been arrested and executed in 1930, just three years after their departure.In Jiangxi, Mao's authoritative domination, especially that of the military force was challenged by the Jiangxi branch of the CPC and military officers.Mao's opponents, among whom the most prominent was Li Wenlin, the founder of the CPC's branch and Red Army in Jiangxi, were against Mao's land policies and proposals to reform the local party branch and army leadership.Mao reacted first by accusing the opponents of opportunism and kulakism and then set off a series of systematic suppressions of them.Later the suppressions were turned into bloody physical elimination.The estimated number of the victims amounted to several thousands.Through the so-called revolutionary terrorism, or red terrorism, Mao's authority and domination in Jiangxi was secured and reassured.However, this had left unforgettable scars on Mao's mind.Mao, with the help of Zhu De, built a modest but effective army, undertook experiments in rural reform and government, and provided refuge for Communists fleeing the rightist purges in the cities.Mao's methods are normally referred to as Guerrilla warfare;but he himself made a distinction between guerrilla warfare(youji zhan)and Mobile Warfare(yundong zhan).Mao's Guerrilla Warfare and Mobile Warfare was based upon the fact of the poor armament and military training of the red army which consisted mainly of impoverished peasants, who, however, were all encouraged by revolutionary passions and aspiring after a communist utopia.Around 1930, there had been more than ten regions, usually entitled “soviet areas”, under control of the CPC.And the number of Red Army soldiers ran to no less than a hundred thousand.The prosperity of “soviet areas” startled and worried Chiang Kai-shek, chairman of the Kuomintang government, who waged five waves of besieging campaigns against the “central soviet area”.More than one million Kuomintang soldiers were involved in these five campaigns, four out of which were defeated by the red army led by Mao.Under increasing pressures from the KMT encirclement campaigns, there was a struggle for power within the Communist leadership.Mao was removed from his important positions and replaced by individuals(including Zhou Enlai)who appeared loyal to the orthodox line advocated by Moscow and represented within the CPC by a group known as the 28 Bolsheviks.Chiang Kai-shek, who had earlier assumed nominal control of China due in part to the Northern Expedition, was determined to eliminate the Communists.By October 1934, he had them surrounded, prompting them to engage in the “Long March,” a retreat from Jiangxi in the southeast to Shaanxi in the northwest of China.It was during this

9,600 kilometer(5,965 mile), year-long journey that Mao emerged as the top Communist leader, aided by the Zunyi Conference and the defection of Zhou Enlai to Mao's side.At this Conference, Mao entered the Standing Committee of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China.From his base in Yan'an, Mao led the Communist resistance against the Japanese in the Second Sino-Japanese War(1937-1945).Mao further consolidated power over the Communist Party in 1942 by launching the Cheng Feng, or “Rectification” campaign against rival CPC members such as Wang Ming, Wang Shiwei, and Ding Ling.Also while in Yan'an, Mao divorced He Zizhen and married the actress Lan Ping, who would become known as Jiang Qing.During the Sino-Japanese War, Mao Zedong's strategies were opposed by both Chiang Kai-shek and the United States.The US regarded Chiang as an important ally, able to help shorten the war by engaging the Japanese occupiers in China.Chiang, in contrast, sought to build the ROC army for the certain conflict with Mao's communist forces after the end of World War II.This fact was not understood well in the US, and precious lend-lease armaments continued to be allocated to the Kuomintang.In turn, Mao spent part of the war(as to whether it was most or only a little is disputed)fighting the Kuomintang for control of certain parts of China.Both the Communists and Nationalists have been criticised for fighting amongst themselves rather than allying against the Japanese Imperial Army.In 1944, the Americans sent a special diplomatic envoy, called the Dixie Mission, to the Communist Party of China.According to Edwin Moise, in Modern China: A History 2nd Edition:

Most of the Americans were favourably impressed.The CPC seemed less corrupt, more unified, and more vigorous in its resistance to Japan than the Guomindang.United States fliers shot down over North China...confirmed to their superiors that the CPC was both strong and popular over a broad area.In the end, the contacts with the USA developed with the CPC led to very little.Then again, modern commentators have refuted such claims.Amongst others, Willy Lam stated that during the war with Japan:

The great majority of casualties sustained by Chinese soldiers were borne by KMT, not Communist divisions.Mao and other guerrilla leaders decided at the time to conserve their strength for the “l(fā)arger struggle” of taking over all of China once the Japanese Imperial Army was decimated by the U.S.-led Allied Forces.After the end of World War II, the US continued to support Chiang Kai-shek, now

openly against the Communist Red Army(led by Mao Zedong)in the civil war for control of China.The US support was part of its view to contain and defeat “world communism.” Likewise, the Soviet Union gave quasi-covert support to Mao(acting as a concerned neighbor more than a military ally, to avoid open conflict with the US)and gave large supplies of arms to the Communist Party of China, although newer Chinese records indicate the Soviet “supplies” were not as large as previously believed, and consistently fell short of the promised amount of aid.On January 21 1949, Kuomintang forces suffered massive losses against Mao's Red Army.In the early morning of December 10 1949, Red Army troops laid siege to Chengdu, the last KMT-occupied city in mainland China, and Chiang Kai-shek evacuated from the mainland to Taiwan(Formosa)that same day.Leadership of China The People's Republic of China was established on October 1, 1949.It was the culmination of over two decades of civil and international war.From 1954 to 1959, Mao was the Chairman of the PRC.During this period, Mao was called Chairman Mao(毛主席)or the Great Leader Chairman Mao(偉大領(lǐng)袖毛主席).The Communist Party assumed control of all media in the country and used it to promote the image of Mao and the Party.The Nationalists under General Chiang Kai-Shek were vilified as were countries such as the United States of America and Japan.The Chinese people were exhorted to devote themselves to build and strengthen their country.In his speech declaring the foundation of the PRC, Mao announced: “The Chinese people have stood up!”

Almost every Chinese had a book called the Quotations From Chairman Mao Tse-Tung(《毛主席語(yǔ)錄》)，which was regarded as a source of infallible truth in discussions or arguments at schools or the workplace.He took up residence in Zhongnanhai, a compound next to the Forbidden City in Beijing, and there he ordered the construction of an indoor swimming pool and other buildings.Mao often did his work either in bed or by the side of the pool, preferring not to wear formal clothes unless absolutely necessary, according to Dr.Li Zhisui, his personal physician.(Li's book, The Private Life of Chairman Mao, is regarded as controversial especially by those sympathetic to Mao.)

Following the consolidation of power, Mao launched a phase of rapid collectivization, lasting until around 1958.The CPC introduced price controls as well as a Chinese character simplification aimed at increasing literacy.Land was taken from landlords and more wealthy peasants and given to poorer peasants.Large scale industrialization projects were also undertaken.Programs pursued during this time include the Hundred Flowers Campaign, in which Mao indicated his supposed willingness to consider different opinions about how

China should be governed.Given the freedom to express themselves, liberal and intellectual Chinese began opposing the Communist Party and questioning its leadership.This was initially tolerated and even encouraged.However, after a few months, Mao's government reversed its policy and persecuted those, totalling perhaps 500,000, who criticized, and were merely alleged to have criticized, the Party in what is called the Anti-Rightist Movement.Authors such as Jung Chang have alleged that the Hundred Flowers Campaign was merely a ruse to root out “dangerous” thinking.Others such as Dr Li Zhisui have suggested that Mao had initially seen the policy as a way of weakening those within his party who opposed him, but was surprised by the extent of criticism and the fact that it began to be directed at his own leadership.It was only then that he used it as a method of identifying and subsequently persecuting those critical of his regime.The Hundred Flowers movement led to the condemnation, silencing, and death of many intellectuals, also linked to Mao's Anti-Rightist Movement, with death tolls possibly in the millions.Great Leap Forward In January 1958, Mao launched the second Five Year Plan known as the Great Leap Forward, a plan intended as an alternative model for economic growth to the Soviet model focusing on heavy industry that was advocated by others in the party.Under this economic program, the relatively small agricultural collectives which had been formed to date were rapidly merged into far larger people's communes, and many of the peasants ordered to work on massive infrastructure projects and the small-scale production of iron and steel.All private food production was banned;livestock and farm implements were brought under collective ownership.Under the Great Leap Forward, Mao and other party leaders ordered the implementation of a variety of unproven and unscientific new agricultural techniques by the new communes.Combined with the diversion of labour to steel production and infrastructure projects and the reduced personal incentives under a commune system this led to an approximately 15% drop in grain production in 1959 followed by further 10% reduction in 1960 and no recovery in 1961.In an effort to win favour with their superiors and avoid being purged, each layer in the party hierarchy exaggerated the amount of grain produced under them and based on the fabricated success, party cadres were ordered to requisition a disproportionately high amount of the true harvest for state use primarily in the cities and urban areas but also for export.The net result, which was compounded in some areas by drought and in others by floods, was that the rural peasants were not left enough to eat and many millions starved to death in what is thought to be the largest famine in human history.This famine was a direct cause of the death of tens of millions of Chinese peasants between 1959 and 1962.Further, many children who became emaciated and malnourished during years of hardship and struggle for surivival, died shortly after the Great Leap Forward came to an end in 1962(Spence, 553).The extent of Mao's knowledge as to the severity of the

situation has been disputed.According to some, most notably Dr.Li Zhisui, Mao was not aware of anything more than a mild food and general supply shortage until late 1959.“But I do not think that when he spoke on July 2, 1959, he knew how bad the disaster had become, and he believed the party was doing everything it could to manage the situation”

Jung Chang and Jon Halliday, in Mao: the Unknown Story, provide ample documentary evidence that Mao knew of the vast suffering and that he was dismissive of it, blaming bad weather or other officials for the famine.“Although slaughter was not his purpose with the Leap, he [Mao] was more than ready for myriad deaths to result, and hinted to his top echelon that they should not be too shocked if they happened(438-439).-Whatever the case, the Great Leap Forward led to millions of deaths in China.Mao lost esteem among many of the top party cadres and was eventually forced to abandon the policy in 1962, also losing some political power to moderate leaders.However, he was able to use his propaganda base to mitigate the damage caused by the failure of the programme, implying that he was only partly to blame.As a result, he was able to remain Secretary of the Communist Party.The Great Leap Forward was a disaster for China.Although the steel quotas were officially reached, almost all of it made in the countryside was useless lumps of iron, as it had been made from assorted scrap metal in home made furnaces with no reliable source of fuel such as coal.According to Zhang Rongmei, a geometry teacher in rural Shanghai during the Great Leap Forward:

We took all the furniture, pots, and pans we had in our house, and all our neighbors did likewise.We put all everything in a big fire and melted down all the metal.Moreover, most of the dams, canals and other infrastructure projects, which millions of peasants and prisoners had been forced to toil on and in many cases die for, proved useless as they had been built without the input of trained engineers, whom Mao had rejected on ideological grounds.In the Party Congress at Lushan in July/August 1959, several leaders expressed concern that the Great Leap Forward was not as successful as planned.The most direct of these was Minister of Defence Peng Dehuai.Mao orchestrated a denouncement of Peng and his supporters, stifling criticism of the Great Leap policies.There is a great deal of controversy over the number of deaths by starvation during the Great Leap Forward.Until the mid 1980s, when official census figures were

finally published by the Chinese Government, little was known about the scale of the disaster in the Chinese countryside, as the handful of Western observers allowed access during this time had been restricted to model villages where they were deceived into believing that Great Leap Forward had been a great success.There was also an assumption that the flow of individual reports of starvation that had been reaching the West, primarily through Hong Kong and Taiwan, must be localised or exaggerated as China was continuing to claim record harvests and was a net exporter of grain through the period.Censuses were carried out in China in 1953, 1964 and 1982.The first attempt to analyse this data in order to estimate the number of famine deaths was carried out by American demographer Dr Judith Banister and published in 1984.Given the lengthy gaps between the censuses and doubts over the reliability of the data, an accurate figure is difficult to ascertain.Nevertheless, Banister concluded that the official data implied that around 15 million excess deaths incurred in China during 1958-61 and that based on her modelling of Chinese demographics during the period and taking account of assumed underreporting during the famine years, the figure was around 30 million.Various other sources have put the figure between 20 and 43 million.On the international front, the period was dominated by the further isolation of China, due to start of the Sino-Soviet split which resulted in Khrushchev withdrawing all Soviet technical experts and aid from the country.The split was triggered by border disputes, and arguments over the control and direction of world communism, and other disputes pertaining to foreign policy.Most of the problems regarding communist unity resulted from the death of Stalin and his replacement by Khrushchev.Stalin had established himself as the successor of ”correct“ Marxist thought well before Mao controlled the Communist Party of China, and therefore Mao never challenged the suitability of any Stalinist doctrine(at least while Stalin was alive).Upon the death of Stalin, Mao believed(perhaps because of seniority)that the leadership of the ”correct“ Marxist doctrine would fall to him.The resulting tension between Khrushchev(at the head of a politically/militarily superior government), and Mao(believing he had a superior understanding of Marxist ideology)eroded the previous patron-client relationship between the USSR and CPC.Partly-surrounded by hostile American military bases(reaching from South Korea, Japan, Okinawa, and Taiwan), China was now confronted with a new Soviet threat from the north and west.Both the internal crisis and the external threat called for extraordinary statesmanship from Mao, but as China entered the new decade the statesmen of the People's Republic were in hostile confrontation with each other.The Great Leap policies were effectively given up following a Politburo meeting in January 1961 and Mao took a more backseat role whilst more moderate leaders such as Liu Shaoqi, who had become State President in 1959 and Deng Xiaoping rescued the economy by disbanding the people's communes, introducing elements of private control of peasant smallholdings and importing grain from Canada and Australia to

mitigate the worst effects of famine.Cultural Revolution

Following these events, other members of the Communist Party, including Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, decided that Mao should be removed from actual power and only remain in a largely ceremonial and symbolic role.They attempted to marginalize Mao, and by 1959, Liu Shaoqi became State President, but Mao remained Chairman.Liu and others began to look at the situation much more realistically, somewhat abandoning the idealism Mao wished for.Facing the prospect of losing his place on the political stage, Mao responded to Liu and Deng's movements by launching the Cultural Revolution in 1966.According to Jung Chang and Jon Halliday, in Mao: the Unknown Story, Mao was bitter that his Great Leap Forward programme had been stopped by Liu and other party leaders, and he was determined to exact revenge.The Cultural Revolution allowed Mao to circumvent the Communist hierarchy by giving power directly to the Red Guards, groups of young people, often teenagers, who set up their own tribunals.The Revolution led to the destruction of much of China's cultural heritage and the imprisonment of a huge number of Chinese intellectuals, as well as creating general economic and social chaos in the country.Millions of lives were ruined during this period, which is depicted by such Chinese films as To Live and Farewell My Concubine.It was during this period that Mao chose Lin Biao to become his successor.Mao and Lin Biao formed an alliance leading up to the Cultural Revolution in order for the purges to succeed.Mao need Lin's clout for his plan to work.In return, Lin was made Mao's successor.Somewhat later, it is unclear whether Lin was planning a military coup or an assassination attempt;he died trying to flee China, probably anticipating his arrest, in a suspicious plane crash over Mongolia.It was declared that Lin was planning to depose Mao, and he was posthumously expelled from the CPC.At this time, Mao lost trust in many of the top CPC figures.In 1969, Mao declared the Cultural Revolution to be over, although the official history of the People's Republic of China marks the end of the Cultural Revolution in 1976 with Mao's death.In the last years of his life, Mao was faced with declining health due to either Parkinson's disease or, according to Li Zhisui, motor neurone disease, as well as lung ailments due to smoking and heart trouble.Mao remained passive as various factions within the Communist Party mobilized for the power struggle anticipated after his death.When Mao could not swim any longer, the indoor swimming pool he had at Zhongnanhai was converted into a giant reception hall, according to Li Zhisui.Death Mao Zedong died at the age of 82, on September 9, 1976 at 10 minutes past midnight in Beijing.Mao had been in poor health for several years and had declined visibly for some months prior to his death.His body lay in state at the Great Hall of the People.A memorial service was held in Tiananmen Square on September 18, 1976.There was a three minute silence observed during this service.His body was later placed into the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong, although he wished to be cremated and had been one of the first high-ranking officials to sign the ”Proposal that all Central Leaders be Cremated after Death“ in November 1956.As anticipated after Mao’s death, there was a power struggle for control of China.On one side were the leftists led by the Gang of Four, who wanted to continue the policy of revolutionary mass mobilization.On the other side were the rightists, which consisted of two groups.One was the restorationists led by Hua Guofeng who advocated a return to central planning along the Soviet model.The other was the reformers, led by Deng Xiaoping, who wanted to overhaul the Chinese economy based on market-oriented policies and to de-emphasize the role of Maoist ideology in determining economic and political policy.Eventually, the moderates won control of the government.Deng Xiaoping defeated Hua Guofeng in a bloodless power struggle shortly afterwards.Cult of Mao

One of the reasons Mao is most remembered is the Cult of Mao, the personality cult that was created around him.Mao presented himself as an enemy of landowners, businessmen, and Western and American imperialism, as well as an ally of impoverished peasants, farmers and workers.Some argue that personality cults go against the basic ideas of Marxism.Stalin, however, circumvented this and began cultivating a cult of personality around himself and Lenin, even though Lenin expressly wished that no monuments be created after his death.Mao said the following about cults at the 1958 Party congress in Chengdu, where he expressed support for the idea of personality cults—even ones like Stalin's:

There are two kinds of personality cults.One is a healthy personality cult, that is, to worship men like Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Stalin.Because they hold the truth in their hands.The other is a false personality cult, i.e.not analysed and blind worship.In 1962, Mao proposed the Socialist Education Movement(SEM)in an attempt to ”protect“ the peasants against the temptations of feudalism and the sprouts of capitalism that he saw re-emerging in the countryside(due to Liu's economic reforms).Large quantities of politicised art were produced and circulated—with Mao at the centre.Numerous posters and musical compositions referred to Mao as ”A red sun in the centre of our hearts“(我們心中的紅太陽(yáng))and a ”Savior of the people“(人民的大救星).The Cult of Mao proved vital in starting the Cultural Revolution.China's youth had mostly been brought up during the Communist era, and they had been told to love Mao.Thus they were his greatest supporters.Their feelings for him were so strong that many followed his urge to challenge all established authority.In October 1966, Mao's Quotations From Chairman Mao Tse-Tung, which was known as the Little Red Book was published.Party members were encouraged to carry a copy with them and possession was almost mandatory as a criterion for membership.Over the years, Mao's image became displayed almost everywhere, present in homes, offices and shops.His quotations were typographically emphasised by putting them in boldface or red type in even the most obscure writings.Legacy Mao's legacy has produced a large amount of controversy.Many Chinese mainlanders continue to regard Mao Zedong as a great revolutionary leader, although they also believe that he made serious mistakes in his later life.According to Deng Xiaoping, Mao was ”seventy-percent right and thirty-percent wrong“, and his ”contributions are primary and his mistakes secondary.“ Some, including members of the Communist Party of China, hold Mao responsible for pulling China away from its biggest ally, the USSR, in the Sino-Soviet Split, while others admire his break with what Mao considered to be ”capitalist-roaders.“ The Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution were also considered to be major disasters in his policy by his critics and even many of his supporters.Mao has also been blamed for not encouraging birth control and for creating a demographic bump, which later Chinese leaders responded to with the one child policy.Supporters of Mao credit him with advancing the social and economic development of Chinese society.They point out that before 1949, for instance, the illiteracy rate in Mainland China was 80 percent, and life expectancy was a meager 35 years.At his death, illiteracy had declined to less than seven percent, and average life expectancy had increased to more than 70 years(alternative statistics also quote improvements, though not nearly as dramatic).In addition to these increases, the total population of China increased 57% to 700 million, from the constant 400 million mark during the span between the Opium War and the Chinese Civil War.Supporters also state that, under Mao's regime, China ended its ”Century of Humiliation“ from Western imperialism and regained its status as a major world power.They also state their belief that Mao also industrialized China to a considerable extent and ensured China's sovereignty during his rule.Some of Mao's supporters view the Kuomintang as having been corrupt and credit Mao with driving them off the Chinese mainland to Taiwan.They also argue that the Maoist era improved women's rights by abolishing

prostitution, a phenomenon that was to return after Deng Xiaoping and post-Maoist CPC leaders increased liberalization of the economy.Indeed, Mao once famously remarked that ”Women hold up half the heavens“.A popular slogan during the Cultural Revolution was, ”Break the chains, unleash the fury of women as a mighty force for revolution!“ Skeptics observe that similar gains in literacy and life expectancy occurred after 1949 in the small neighboring island country of Taiwan, which was ruled by Mao's opponents, namely Chiang Kai-Shek and the Kuomintang, even though they themselves perpetrated substantial repression in their own right.The regime that took over in Taiwan was composed of the same people ruling the Mainland for over 20 years when life expectancy was so low, yet life expectancy there also increased.However, the United States helped Taiwan with aid and infrastructure, along with Japan and other countries.Another comparison has been between India and China, where India was initially ahead of China in some health measures before Mao took over, but Communist-ruled China surpassed capitalist India in virtually every measure of economic and social development, a position supported by a study that Indian economist Amartya Sen wrote.Though it is worth noting that China did not have the same kind of ethnic and social problems that India did, such as the caste system.Mao believed that ”socialism [was] the only way out for China“ because the United States and other Western countries would not allow China to develop using theories such as Imperialism, as described by Lenin.The United States placed a trade embargo on China as a result of its involvement in the Korean War, lasting until Richard Nixon decided that developing relations with China would be useful in also dealing with the Soviet Union.Some people claim that while the Tigers(South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore)obtained favorable trade terms from the United States, most Third World capitalist countries did not, and they saw nothing like the economic growth of the Tigers.The other side of this debate argue that the disparity in per capita income between Taiwan and the mainland today demonstrates that Mao's statement may have been a self-fullfilling proposition.There is more consensus on Mao's role as a military strategist and tactician during the Chinese Civil War and the Korean War.Even among those who find Mao's ideology to be either unworkable or abhorrent, many acknowledge that Mao was a brilliant political and military strategist-Mao's military writings continue to have a large amount of influence both among those who seek to create an insurgency and those who seek to crush one.The ideology of Maoism has influenced many communists around the world, including third world revolutionary movements such as Cambodia's Khmer Rouge, Peru's Shining Path, the revolutionary movement in Nepal, and also claims influence of the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA.China has moved sharply away from Maoism since Mao's death, and most people outside of China who describe themselves as Maoist regard the Deng Xiaoping reforms to be a betrayal of Mao's legacy.Many in mainland China regard Mao as a revolutionary hero in the first half of his life but hold that he was corrupt after gaining power.However, most Chinese liberals eschew Mao's authoritarian tactics.Contemporary views about him in the PRC are affected by bans on some works that criticise Mao(including this article).The controversial Mao: the Unknown Story, by Jung Chang and Jon Halliday, provides a far less flattering picture of Mao than previous historical works do.Chang's book notes that Mao fabricated many myths about his background and youth to enhance his image as a true ”people's hero.“ It likewise contends that details relevant to key events in the Long March(in particular the 1935 Battle of Luding Bridge)were falsified.Open academic discussion of Mao's life is restricted by the official ”70% good, 30% bad“ verdict.As the Chinese government instituted free market economic reform in the early 21st century, it put less emphasis on studying Mao.For example, there was little state recognition of the 25th anniversary of Mao's death.This was a clear contrast with 1993, when the state organized numerous events and seminars commemorating Mao's 100th birthday.Nevertheless, unlike the denunciations of Stalin and ”Stalinism“ by Khrushchev during the Soviet era in Russia, the Chinese government has never officially repudiated the tactics of Mao.Critics of the government who uphold Mao's critique of the current rulers of China as betraying the core principals of socialism are also suppressed by the Chinese government.In the mid-1990s, Mao Zedong's picture began to appear on all new renminbi currency from the People’s Republic of China.This was officially instituted as an anti-counterfeiting measure as Mao's face is widely recognized in contrast to the generic figures that appear in older currency.On March 13, 2006, a story in the People's Daily reported that a proposal had been made to replace Mao's portrait on currency with that of Sun Yat-sen and Deng Xiaoping.Genealogy Mao Zedong had several wives which contributed to a large family.These were:

1.Luo Yixiu(羅一秀, 1889-1910)of Shaoshan: married 1907 to 1910

2.Ma Daiwei(馬代偉,1895-1947)of Xi'an;”the unpopular wife“, no children, married from 1912-1920, believed to have died of cancer

3.Yang Kaihui(楊開(kāi)慧, 1901-1930)of Changsha: married 1921 to 1927, executed by the Kuomintang in 1930

4.He Zizhen(賀子珍, 1910-1984)of Jiangxi: married May 1928 to 1939

5.Jiang Qing:(江青, 1914-1991), married 1939 to Mao's death

His ancestors were:

? Wen Qimei(文七妹, 1867-1919), mother

? Mao Yichang(毛貽昌, 1870-1920), father, courtesy name Mao Shunsheng(毛順生)

? Mao Enpu(毛恩普), paternal grandfather

He had several siblings:

? Mao Zemin(毛澤民, 1895-1943), younger brother

? Mao Zetan(毛澤覃, 1905-1935), younger brother

? Mao Zehong, sister(executed by the Kuomintang in 1930)

Mao Zedong's parents altogether had six sons and two daughters.Two of the sons and both daughters died young, leaving the three brothers Mao Zedong, Mao Zemin, and Mao Zetan.Like all three of Mao Zedong's wives, Mao Zemin and Mao Zetan were communists.Like Yang Kaihui, both Zemin and Zetan were killed in warfare during Mao Zedong's lifetime.Note that the character ze(澤)appears in all of the siblings' given names.This is a common Chinese naming convention.He had several children:

? Mao Anying(毛岸英): son to Yang, married to Liu Siqi(劉思齊), who was born Liu Songlin(劉松林), killed in action during the Korean War

? Mao Anqing(毛岸青): son to Yang, married to Shao Hua(邵華), son Mao Xinyu(毛新宇)

? Li Min(李敏): daughter to He, married to Kong Linghua(孔令華), son Kong Ji'ning(孔繼寧), daughter Kong Dongmei(孔冬梅)

? Li Na(李訥): daughter to Jiang(whose birth given name was Li), married to Wang Jingqing(王景清), son Wang Xiaozhi(王效芝)

Sources suggest that Mao did have other children during his revolutionary days;in most of these cases the children were left with peasant families because it was difficult to take care of the children while focusing on revolution.Two English researchers who retraced the entire Long March route in 2002-2003 located a woman who they believe might well be a missing child abandoned by Mao to peasants in

1935 Ed Jocelyn and Andrew McEwen hope a member of the Mao family will respond to requests for a DNA test.Writings

Mao is the attributed author of Quotations From Chairman Mao Tse-Tung, known in the West as the ”Little Red Book“ and in Cultural-revolution China as the ”Red Treasure Book"(紅寶書(shū)): this is a collection of short extracts from his speeches and articles, edited by Lin Biao and ordered topically.Mao wrote several other philosophical treatises, both before and after he assumed power.These include:

? On Practice(《實(shí)踐論》);1937

? On Contradiction(《矛盾論》);1937

? On Protracted War(《論持久戰(zhàn)》);1938

? On New Democracy(《新民主主義論》);1940

? Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art(《在延安文藝座談會(huì)上的講話》);1942

? On the Correct Handling of the Contradictions Among the People(《正確處理人民內(nèi)部矛盾問(wèn)題》);1957

? In Memory of Norman Bethune(《紀(jì)念白求恩》)

? The Foolish Old Man Who Removed the Mountains(《愚公移山》)

? Serve the People(《為人民服務(wù)》)

Mao was furthermore a skilled calligrapher with a highly personal style, and his calligraphy is still much visible in Mainland China.Poetry

Mao also wrote poetry, mainly in the classical ci and shi forms.His poems are all in the traditional Chinese verse style.Though Mao may not be one of the best Chinese poets, his poems are generally considered well written and of high literary quality.As did most Chinese intellectuals of his generation, Mao received rigorous education in Chinese classical literature, and thus his skill in poetry is of little surprise.His style was deeply influenced by the great Tang Dynasty poets Li Bai and Li He.He is considered to be a romantic poet, in constrast to the realist poets represented by Du Fu.Many of Mao's poems are still very popular in China.They are frequently quoted in popular culture, literature and daily conversations.Some of his most well-known poems are: Changsha(1925), The Double Ninth(1929.10), Loushan Pass(1935), The Long March(1935), Snow(1936.02), The PLA Captures Nanjing(1949.04), Reply to Li Shuyi(1957.05.11), and Ode to the Plum Blossom(1961.12).The general consensus is that his pre-1949 works are better.

第二篇：韶山導(dǎo)游詞

韶山導(dǎo)游詞

好了，現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)大家注意一下，我們馬上就要進(jìn)入韶山了。大家看，前面有一幅對(duì)聯(lián)，左聯(lián)：為有犧牲多壯志，右聯(lián)：敢叫日月?lián)Q新天。大家都知道中國(guó)有四大火爐：長(zhǎng)沙、南京、武漢、重慶。那么除了四大火爐外，最熱的地方是哪兒呢？對(duì)，韶山！因?yàn)樯厣绞羌t太陽(yáng)升起的地方嘛。

韶山旅游區(qū)位于湘潭市、韶山市。1994年被國(guó)務(wù)院確定為國(guó)家級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。總面積214平方公里，人口9.8萬(wàn)，姓毛的人家占70%。韶山的整個(gè)地勢(shì)是由西北向東南逐漸傾斜的，東部為丘陵和較為開(kāi)闊的地帶，西部山峰環(huán)繞，由于長(zhǎng)年的封山育林，峰巒一片蔥郁。韶山最高峰韶峰是南岳衡山的第71峰，第72峰是岳麓峰。韶山是一塊風(fēng)水寶地，關(guān)于它的傳說(shuō)都是美麗的。傳說(shuō)當(dāng)年舜帝南巡，來(lái)到了湖南，來(lái)到了韶山，見(jiàn)此風(fēng)景宜人，心情十分愉快。便令隨從奏起了韶樂(lè)（當(dāng)時(shí)的一種宮庭音樂(lè)），這一奏，忽然一瞬間，只見(jiàn)百鳥(niǎo)歡躍，附近的飛禽走獸都聞聲而起，歡歌起舞。由于附近全是山林地帶，后來(lái)人們便根據(jù)舜帝用韶樂(lè)引來(lái)百鳥(niǎo)的故事，這地方叫做韶山。韶山的韶拆開(kāi)就是音召，正是取這個(gè)意思啦。以韶字命名的還有韶山?jīng)_、韶峰、韶河等。韶山的傳說(shuō)很多，除此之外，還有關(guān)乾隆的。據(jù)說(shuō)，清朝乾隆曾斷言，他說(shuō)韶山是塊風(fēng)水寶地，500年內(nèi)必出真命天子，此人的姓必是“反手掌乾坤”。果然不出所料，1893，誕生了我們的一代偉人毛澤東，同時(shí)也正巧驗(yàn)證了乾隆的話。大家可以試著寫一下，把手掌的“手”字最后一筆反過(guò)來(lái)是什么字，反手掌乾坤就是毛字。

毛主席的母親文氏是湘鄉(xiāng)人，文氏在家中排行老七，別人都叫她文七妹。因?yàn)槲氖霞业淖鎵炘谏厣剑瑸榱饲迕鞴?jié)上墳的時(shí)候有個(gè)落腳的地方，文氏的父親就將文七妹嫁到韶山，嫁給了毛主席的父親毛順生。文氏比毛順生大三歲，俗話說(shuō)：“女大三，抱金磚”，在當(dāng)?shù)孛樕依飾l件還算是可以的。在文氏生下毛澤東的前一天晚上，毛順生做了一個(gè)奇怪的夢(mèng)，夢(mèng)見(jiàn)一條飛龍翹首東望，遲遲不肯離去。在1893年12月26日一個(gè)漆黑的夜晚，電閃雷鳴，狂風(fēng)大作，一代偉人誕生了。毛澤東從小接到外婆家，在外婆家的山后有一塊非常像人形的巨石，人們稱為石觀音，他外婆便把他帶到石觀音面前，拜為干娘，以保佑他茁壯成長(zhǎng)，石兒伢子由此而來(lái)了。

好了，待會(huì)兒，我們要參觀的一個(gè)景點(diǎn)，就是毛主席銅像廣場(chǎng)。毛主席銅像高10.1米，重3.7噸。10.1米意味著10月1號(hào)，中華人民共和國(guó)成立的日子。所以毛主席銅像是取自于開(kāi)國(guó)大典上的一個(gè)形象，主席手執(zhí)發(fā)言稿、身穿中山裝、面帶微笑。韶山?jīng)_的沖意就是山谷中的一塊平地，那么毛主席銅像廣場(chǎng)就處于韶山?jīng)_這塊平地的中心部位。毛主席銅像由南京晨光制造廠制造，由我國(guó)為著名雕刻家劉開(kāi)梁和程允賢先生雕刻，歷時(shí)120天。毛主席銅像于1993年12月6日從南京啟運(yùn)，一路經(jīng)江蘇、安徽、湖北、江西進(jìn)入湖南。當(dāng)運(yùn)載毛主席銅像的汽車隊(duì)開(kāi)到江西井崗山的時(shí)候，突然汽車熄火了。司機(jī)們反復(fù)檢修也沒(méi)查出什么問(wèn)題。這時(shí)一位70多歲的老表說(shuō)：“井崗山是毛主席最早走出深山，拿起槍桿子鬧革命的地方，他老人家想在這兒住一晚看一看。”到了第二天，車子沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)任何檢修，奇跡般地可以開(kāi)動(dòng)了。在江西與湖南交界處的一個(gè)“人”字型山坡上，天正下著瓢潑大雨，進(jìn)井崗山的路很滑，一百多輛車子都受到了不同程度的損傷，有的根本走不動(dòng)，只有運(yùn)載銅像的車子很順利，安然無(wú)恙地開(kāi)過(guò)了井崗山。當(dāng)有記者問(wèn)起司機(jī)時(shí)，司機(jī)說(shuō)：“我想是得到毛主席的保佑了。”所以現(xiàn)在很多的司機(jī)都有在車子前面掛一個(gè)毛主席小像章，以求一路平安。

第三篇：湖南韶山導(dǎo)游詞

湖南韶山導(dǎo)游詞

好了，現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)大家注意一下，我們馬上就要進(jìn)入韶山了。大家看，前面有一幅對(duì)聯(lián)，左聯(lián)：為有犧牲多壯志，右聯(lián)：敢叫日月?lián)Q新天。大家都知道中國(guó)有四大火爐：長(zhǎng)沙、南京、武漢、重慶。那么除了四大火爐外，最熱的地方是哪兒呢？對(duì)，韶山！因?yàn)樯厣绞羌t太陽(yáng)升起的地方嘛。

韶山旅游區(qū)位于湘潭市、韶山市。1994年被國(guó)務(wù)院確定為國(guó)家級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。總面積214平方公里，人口9.8萬(wàn)，姓毛的人家占70%。韶山的整個(gè)地勢(shì)是由西北向東南逐漸傾斜的，東部為丘陵和較為開(kāi)闊的地帶，西部山峰環(huán)繞，由于長(zhǎng)年的封山育林，峰巒一片蔥郁。韶山最高峰韶峰是南岳衡山的第71峰，第72峰是岳麓峰。韶山是一塊風(fēng)水寶地，關(guān)于它的傳說(shuō)都是美麗的。傳說(shuō)當(dāng)年舜帝南巡，來(lái)到了湖南，來(lái)到了韶山，見(jiàn)此風(fēng)景宜人，心情十分愉快。便令隨從奏起了韶樂(lè)（當(dāng)時(shí)的一種宮庭音樂(lè)），這一奏，忽然一瞬間，只見(jiàn)百鳥(niǎo)歡躍，附近的飛禽走獸都聞聲而起，歡歌起舞。由于附近全是山林地帶，后來(lái)人們便根據(jù)舜帝用韶樂(lè)引來(lái)百鳥(niǎo)的故事，這地方叫做韶山。韶山的韶拆開(kāi)就是音召，正是取這個(gè)意思啦。以韶字命名的還有韶山?jīng)_、韶峰、韶河等。韶山的傳說(shuō)很多，除此之外，還有關(guān)乾隆的。據(jù)說(shuō)，清朝乾隆曾斷言，他說(shuō)韶山是塊風(fēng)水寶地，500年內(nèi)必出真命天子，此人的姓必是“反手掌乾坤”。果然不出所料，1893，誕生了我們的一代偉人毛澤東，同時(shí)也正巧驗(yàn)證了乾隆的話。大家可以試著寫一下，把手掌的“手”字最后一筆反過(guò)來(lái)是什么字，反手掌乾坤就是毛字。毛主席的母親文氏是湘鄉(xiāng)人，文氏在家中排行老七，別人都叫她文七妹。因?yàn)槲氖霞业淖鎵炘谏厣剑瑸榱饲迕鞴?jié)上墳的時(shí)候有個(gè)落腳的地方，文氏的父親就將文七妹嫁到韶山，嫁給了毛主席的父親毛順生。文氏比毛順生大三歲，俗話說(shuō)：“女大三，抱金磚”，在當(dāng)?shù)孛樕依飾l件還算是可以的。在文氏生下毛澤東的前一天晚上，毛順生做了一個(gè)奇怪的夢(mèng)，夢(mèng)見(jiàn)一條飛龍翹首東望，遲遲不肯離去。在1893年12月26日一個(gè)漆黑的夜晚，電閃雷鳴，狂風(fēng)大作，一代偉人誕生了。毛澤東從小接到外婆家，在外婆家的山后有一塊非常像人形的巨石，人們稱為石觀音，他外婆便把他帶到石觀音面前，拜為干娘，以保佑他茁壯成長(zhǎng)，石

兒伢子由此而來(lái)了。

毛主席的父親毛順生是個(gè)很精明的生意人，他對(duì)父親的做法非常反感，所以時(shí)常頂撞父

親。有一次，他父親將其生意上的朋友，請(qǐng)到家中做客，叫毛澤東招待一下，但毛澤東死命

不從，便逃出家門，其父親毛順生追出來(lái)，毛澤東便跑到池塘邊威脅父親：“如果再逼我，就跳下去”，毛順生當(dāng)時(shí)非常擔(dān)心，因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)大兒子夭折了，害怕再失去一個(gè)，只好作罷。

毛主席是非常孝順?biāo)赣H的，有一次跟父親斗氣，一連十幾天沒(méi)跟父親說(shuō)話，母親見(jiàn)不過(guò)勸

他，給他父親跪下認(rèn)錯(cuò)，毛澤東跪下說(shuō)：“母親，這只腿是為你而跪的。”

好了，待會(huì)兒，我們要參觀的一個(gè)景點(diǎn)，就是毛主席銅像廣場(chǎng)。毛主席銅像高10.1米，重3.7噸。10.1米意味著10月1號(hào)，中華人民共和國(guó)成立的日子。所以毛主席銅像是取自

于開(kāi)國(guó)大典上的一個(gè)形象，主席手執(zhí)發(fā)言稿、身穿中山裝、面帶微笑。韶山?jīng)_的沖意就是山

谷中的一塊平地，那么毛主席銅像廣場(chǎng)就處于韶山?jīng)_這塊平地的中心部位。毛主席銅像由南

京晨光制造廠制造，由我國(guó)為著名雕刻家劉開(kāi)梁和程允賢先生雕刻，歷時(shí)120天。毛主席銅

像于1993年12月6日從南京啟運(yùn)，一路經(jīng)江蘇、安徽、湖北、江西進(jìn)入湖南。當(dāng)運(yùn)載毛主

席銅像的汽車隊(duì)開(kāi)到江西井崗山的時(shí)候，突然汽車熄火了。司機(jī)們反復(fù)檢修也沒(méi)查出什么問(wèn)

題。這時(shí)一位70多歲的老表說(shuō)：“井崗山是毛主席最早走出深山，拿起槍桿子鬧革命的地

方，他老人家想在這兒住一晚看一看。”到了第二天，車子沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)任何檢修，奇跡般地可

以開(kāi)動(dòng)了。在江西與湖南交界處的一個(gè)“人”字型山坡上，天正下著瓢潑大雨，進(jìn)井崗山的路很滑，一百多輛車子都受到了不同程度的損傷，有的根本走不動(dòng)，只有運(yùn)載銅像的車子很

順利，安然無(wú)恙地開(kāi)過(guò)了井崗山。當(dāng)有記者問(wèn)起司機(jī)時(shí)，司機(jī)說(shuō)：“我想是得到毛主席的保

佑了。”所以現(xiàn)在很多的司機(jī)都有在車子前面掛一個(gè)毛主席小像章，以求一路平安。

關(guān)于毛主席銅像還出了一連串的奇事怪事，不知大家從新聞媒介中知道了多少。在此，小x就給大家說(shuō)說(shuō)吧！毛主席銅像揭幕儀式于1993年12月26日毛主席誕辰100周年之際

正式舉行。江澤民主席親自從北京趕到韶山為毛主席銅像揭彩。當(dāng)天艷陽(yáng)高照萬(wàn)里無(wú)云，但

奇怪的是，上午10:30左右，月亮也出來(lái)了。銅像的左邊是太陽(yáng)，右邊是月亮，太陽(yáng)與月亮

相互照映，照得整片天空通亮。于是形成了千載難逢、非常罕見(jiàn)的天文奇觀――日月同輝。

當(dāng)時(shí)正值12月份，而滿山的杜鵑花頓時(shí)也全部盛開(kāi)了，以毛主席故居山后的開(kāi)得最艷。大

家都知道，杜鵑花一般是在每年的三至四月份期間開(kāi)放，而這次則是在寒冬臘月之際，比以

往的開(kāi)花季節(jié)提前了幾個(gè)月。難道不能說(shuō)是一件有違自然規(guī)律的事情？那時(shí)舜帝南巡、乾隆

預(yù)言，這些都只是傳說(shuō)，沒(méi)有任何歷史根據(jù)、憑證。而日月同輝與杜鵑花開(kāi)，是人們親眼所

見(jiàn)，同時(shí)還有當(dāng)時(shí)攝下的盛況。于是人們說(shuō)：毛主席太偉大了，他能使天隨人意變、花伴天

意開(kāi)。毛主席真神，他的光輝名字和豐功偉業(yè)將與日月同輝、與天地共存！待會(huì)兒，我們到

了韶山就可以看到日月同輝和杜鵑花開(kāi)的相片和實(shí)況錄相。當(dāng)時(shí)還不止這些奇怪的事。1993年12月26日，揭彩的那一刻，有6只彩色的大蝴蝶圍著主席銅像翩翩起舞，久久不肯離去。觀瞻者驚嘆不已，一老人介紹說(shuō)是毛主席的六位親人：楊開(kāi)慧、毛澤民、毛

澤翠、毛岸英、毛楚雄、毛英建來(lái)給主席祝壽了。

各位團(tuán)友，像這樣的一件奇事、怪事單獨(dú)的發(fā)生并不算什么，但一連串的奇事、怪事在同一時(shí)間、同一地點(diǎn)、同一個(gè)人身上，就不得不承認(rèn)這真是太奇特了。主席畢竟是偉人，他

老人家雖然離開(kāi)了我們，但冥冥之中仍活在我們身邊，活在我們心中。所以毛主席銅像被稱

為“東方的一尊神像”。

待會(huì)兒，大家請(qǐng)銅像時(shí)一定要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：第一，毛主席小銅像是由韶山市旅游管理

局在國(guó)營(yíng)韶山故居商場(chǎng)定點(diǎn)發(fā)行的，其它地方的小銅像沒(méi)有唯一的珍藏編號(hào)。真正的毛主席

小銅像是紫銅制成的。其它的有的是玻璃銅、瓷的、石灰的。第二，大家在請(qǐng)毛主席小銅像時(shí)，一定要注意是“請(qǐng)”，而不是買。用買字就是對(duì)毛主席的不尊敬了，韶山人聽(tīng)見(jiàn)了是很不高興的了。第三，如果大家要買一般的紀(jì)念品，在小商販?zhǔn)种芯涂少I到，他們不用交稅，價(jià)格也很便宜。

等一下我們到了定點(diǎn)發(fā)行處會(huì)有專門的講解員為大家講解。好了，大家等會(huì)兒一定不要忘了，如果大家有興趣，一定要把主席請(qǐng)回家了，請(qǐng)一尊神像，帶上主席的一點(diǎn)靈氣，保佑家人平平安安、幸福健康！

第四篇：湖南韶山導(dǎo)游詞

好了，現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)大家注意一下，我們馬上就要進(jìn)入韶山了。大家看，前面有一幅對(duì)聯(lián)，左聯(lián)：為有犧牲多壯志，右聯(lián)：敢叫日月?lián)Q新天。大家都知道中國(guó)有四大火爐：長(zhǎng)沙、南京、武漢、重慶。那么除了四大火爐外，最熱的地方是哪兒呢？對(duì)，韶山！因?yàn)樯厣绞羌t太陽(yáng)升起的地方嘛。

韶山旅游區(qū)位于湘潭市、韶山市。1994年被國(guó)務(wù)院確定為國(guó)家級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。總面積214平方公里，人口9.8萬(wàn)，姓毛的人家占70%。韶山的整個(gè)地勢(shì)是由西北向東南逐漸傾斜的，東部為丘陵和較為開(kāi)闊的地帶，西部山峰環(huán)繞，由于長(zhǎng)年的封山育林，峰巒一片蔥郁。韶山最高峰韶峰是南岳衡山的第71峰，第72峰是岳麓峰。韶山是一塊風(fēng)水寶地，關(guān)于它的傳說(shuō)都是美麗的。傳說(shuō)當(dāng)年舜帝南巡，來(lái)到了湖南，來(lái)到了韶山，見(jiàn)此風(fēng)景宜人，心情十分愉快。便令隨從奏起了韶樂(lè)（當(dāng)時(shí)的一種宮庭音樂(lè)），這一奏，忽然一瞬間，只見(jiàn)百鳥(niǎo)歡躍，附近的飛禽走獸都聞聲而起，歡歌起舞。由于附近全是山林地帶，后來(lái)人們便根據(jù)舜帝用韶樂(lè)引來(lái)百鳥(niǎo)的故事，這地方叫做韶山。韶山的韶拆開(kāi)就是音召，正是取這個(gè)意思啦。以韶字命名的還有韶山?jīng)_、韶峰、韶河等。韶山的傳說(shuō)很多，除此之外，還有關(guān)乾隆的。據(jù)說(shuō)，清朝乾隆曾斷言，他說(shuō)韶山是塊風(fēng)水寶地，500年內(nèi)必出真命天子，此人的姓必是“反手掌乾坤”。果然不出所料，1893，誕生了我們的一代偉人毛澤東，同時(shí)也正巧驗(yàn)證了乾隆的話。大家可以試著寫一下，把手掌的“手”字最后一筆反過(guò)來(lái)是什么字，反手掌乾坤就是毛字。

毛主席的母親文氏是湘鄉(xiāng)人，文氏在家中排行老七，別人都叫她文七妹。因?yàn)槲氖霞业淖鎵炘谏厣剑瑸榱饲迕鞴?jié)上墳的時(shí)候有個(gè)落腳的地方，文氏的父親就將文七妹嫁到韶山，嫁給了毛主席的父親毛順生。文氏比毛順生大三歲，俗話說(shuō)：“女大三，抱金磚”，在當(dāng)?shù)孛樕依飾l件還算是可以的。在文氏生下毛澤東的前一天晚上，毛順生做了一個(gè)奇怪的夢(mèng)，夢(mèng)見(jiàn)一條飛龍翹首東望，遲遲不肯離去。在1893年12月26日一個(gè)漆黑的夜晚，電閃雷鳴，狂風(fēng)大作，一代偉人誕生了。毛澤東從小接到外婆家，在外婆家的山后有一塊非常像人形的巨石，人們稱為石觀音，他外婆便把他帶到石觀音面前，拜為干娘，以保佑他茁壯成長(zhǎng)，石兒伢子由此而來(lái)了。

毛主席的父親毛順生是個(gè)很精明的生意人，他對(duì)父親的做法非常反感，所以時(shí)常頂撞父親。有一次，他父親將其生意上的朋友，請(qǐng)到家中做客，叫毛澤東招待一下，但毛澤東死命不從，便逃出家門，其父親毛順生追出來(lái)，毛澤東便跑到池塘邊威脅父親：“如果再逼我，就跳下去”，毛順生當(dāng)時(shí)非常擔(dān)心，因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)大兒子夭折了，害怕再失去一個(gè)，只好作罷。毛主席是非常孝順?biāo)赣H的，有一次跟父親斗氣，一連十幾天沒(méi)跟父親說(shuō)話，母親見(jiàn)不過(guò)勸他，給他父親跪下認(rèn)錯(cuò)，毛澤東跪下說(shuō)：“母親，這只腿是為你而跪的。”

好了，待會(huì)兒，我們要參觀的一個(gè)景點(diǎn)，就是毛主席銅像廣場(chǎng)。毛主席銅像高10.1米，重3.7噸。10.1米意味著10月1號(hào)，中華人民共和國(guó)成立的日子。所以毛主席銅像是取自于開(kāi)國(guó)大典上的一個(gè)形象，主席手執(zhí)發(fā)言稿、身穿中山裝、面帶微笑。韶山?jīng)_的沖意就是山谷中的一塊平地，那么毛主席銅像廣場(chǎng)就處于韶山?jīng)_這塊平地的中心部位。毛主席銅像由南京晨光制造廠制造，由我國(guó)為著名雕刻家劉開(kāi)梁和程允賢先生雕刻，歷時(shí)120天。毛主席銅像于1993年12月6日從南京啟運(yùn)，一路經(jīng)江蘇、安徽、湖北、江西進(jìn)入湖南。當(dāng)運(yùn)載毛主席銅像的汽車隊(duì)開(kāi)到江西井崗山的時(shí)候，突然汽車熄火了。司機(jī)們反復(fù)檢修也沒(méi)查出什么問(wèn)題。這時(shí)一位70多歲的老表說(shuō)：“井崗山是毛主席最早走出深山，拿起槍桿子鬧革命的地方，他老人家想在這兒住一晚看一看。”到了第二天，車子沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)任何檢修，奇跡般地可以開(kāi)動(dòng)了。在江西與湖南交界處的一個(gè)“人”字型山坡上，天正下著瓢潑大雨，進(jìn)井崗山的路很滑，一百多輛車子都受到了不同程度的損傷，有的根本走不動(dòng)，只有運(yùn)載銅像的車子很順利，安然無(wú)恙地開(kāi)過(guò)了井崗山。當(dāng)有記者問(wèn)起司機(jī)時(shí)，司機(jī)說(shuō)：“我想是得到毛主席的保佑了。”所以現(xiàn)在很多的司機(jī)都有在車子前面掛一個(gè)毛主席小像章，以求一路平安。

衡山導(dǎo)游詞 ·張家界導(dǎo)游詞 ·南岳大廟導(dǎo)游詞 ·天心閣導(dǎo)游詞

關(guān)于毛主席銅像還出了一連串的奇事怪事，不知大家從新聞媒介中知道了多少。在此，小x就給大家說(shuō)說(shuō)吧！毛主席銅像揭幕儀式于1993年12月26日毛主席誕辰100周年之際正式舉行。江澤民主席親自從北京趕到韶山為毛主席銅像揭彩。當(dāng)天艷陽(yáng)高照萬(wàn)里無(wú)云，但奇怪的是，上午10:30左右，月亮也出來(lái)了。銅像的左邊是太陽(yáng)，右邊是月亮，太陽(yáng)與月亮相互照映，照得整片天空通亮。于是形成了千載難逢、非常罕見(jiàn)的天文奇觀――日月同輝。當(dāng)時(shí)正值12月份，而滿山的杜鵑花頓時(shí)也全部盛開(kāi)了，以毛主席故居山后的開(kāi)得最艷。大家都知道，杜鵑花一般是在每年的三至四月份期間開(kāi)放，而這次則是在寒冬臘月之際，比以往的開(kāi)花季節(jié)提前了幾個(gè)月。難道不能說(shuō)是一件有違自然規(guī)律的事情？那時(shí)舜帝南巡、乾隆預(yù)言，這些都只是傳說(shuō)，沒(méi)有任何歷史根據(jù)、憑證。而日月同輝與杜鵑花開(kāi)，是人們親眼所見(jiàn)，同時(shí)還有當(dāng)時(shí)攝下的盛況。于是人們說(shuō)：毛主席太偉大了，他能使天隨人意變、花伴天意開(kāi)。毛主席真神，他的光輝名字和豐功偉業(yè)將與日月同輝、與天地共存！待會(huì)兒，我們到了韶山就可以看到日月同輝和杜鵑花開(kāi)的相片和實(shí)況錄相。當(dāng)時(shí)還不止這些奇怪的事。1993年12月26日，揭彩的那一刻，有6只彩色的大蝴蝶圍著主席銅像翩翩起舞，久久不肯離去。觀瞻者驚嘆不已，一老人介紹說(shuō)是毛主席的六位親人：楊開(kāi)慧、毛澤民、毛澤翠、毛岸英、毛楚雄、毛英建來(lái)給主席祝壽了。

各位團(tuán)友，像這樣的一件奇事、怪事單獨(dú)的發(fā)生并不算什么，但一連串的奇事、怪事在同一時(shí)間、同一地點(diǎn)、同一個(gè)人身上，就不得不承認(rèn)這真是太奇特了。主席畢竟是偉人，他老人家雖然離開(kāi)了我們，但冥冥之中仍活在我們身邊，活在我們心中。所以毛主席銅像被稱為“東方的一尊神像”。

大家到韶山游覽一次，肯定是要帶些紀(jì)念品回去，象主席像章、主席項(xiàng)鏈、鑰匙扣、毛主席集郵冊(cè)等等。這些都是非常常見(jiàn)的、非常普通的。那么到底哪種才是最好的、最具有收藏價(jià)值的呢？我想作為導(dǎo)游，小x有義務(wù)、有責(zé)任為大家引導(dǎo)啦。在韶山最珍貴的紀(jì)念品莫過(guò)于由國(guó)家中央檔案局批準(zhǔn)、發(fā)行的毛主席銅像。這種小銅像是1999年12月10為慶祝澳門回歸而發(fā)行的。（小銅像是銅像廣場(chǎng)銅像形象縮小100倍）到目前為止，已發(fā)行了四個(gè)版本，銅像由中央檔案局統(tǒng)一編號(hào)，從0001號(hào)到9999號(hào)，總共9999枚。為什么只發(fā)行9999而不是9998或10000尊呢？因?yàn)槊飨簧c9特別有緣。大家不妨跟小x一起回憶一下，在1949年9月9日率領(lǐng)解放軍攻入了北京；1976年9月9日，是毛主席逝世的日子。那么還有一個(gè)9字呢，則是九五之尊的意思了，也象征著毛主席的地位是不可動(dòng)搖不可替代的。毛主席銅像一經(jīng)發(fā)行，第一號(hào)0001號(hào)及最后一號(hào)9999號(hào)就馬上被原湖南省委書(shū)記王茂林和國(guó)家主席江澤民請(qǐng)去了。因?yàn)?001表示起點(diǎn)，毛主席出生在韶山，出生在湖南，第0001號(hào)小銅像當(dāng)然要留在湖南了。現(xiàn)在王茂林將0001號(hào)主席銅像捐贈(zèng)給了省博物館保存了。而9999表示九五之尊，理所當(dāng)然只有主席才能擁有了。如果大家細(xì)心的話，有時(shí)偶爾會(huì)在電視上看到江澤民總書(shū)記辦公桌上擺著一尊毛主席小銅像，那就是第9999號(hào)小銅像了。

待會(huì)兒，大家請(qǐng)銅像時(shí)一定要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：第一，毛主席小銅像是由韶山市旅游管理局在國(guó)營(yíng)韶山故居商場(chǎng)定點(diǎn)發(fā)行的，其它地方的小銅像沒(méi)有唯一的珍藏編號(hào)。真正的毛主席小銅像是紫銅制成的。其它的有的是玻璃銅、瓷的、石灰的。第二，大家在請(qǐng)毛主席小銅像時(shí)，一定要注意是“請(qǐng)”，而不是買。用買字就是對(duì)毛主席的不尊敬了，韶山人聽(tīng)見(jiàn)了是很不高興的了。第三，如果大家要買一般的紀(jì)念品，在小商販?zhǔn)种芯涂少I到，他們不用交稅，價(jià)格也很便宜。

等一下我們到了定點(diǎn)發(fā)行處會(huì)有專門的講解員為大家講解。好了，大家等會(huì)兒一定不要忘了，如果大家有興趣，一定要把主席請(qǐng)回家了，請(qǐng)一尊神像，帶上主席的一點(diǎn)靈氣，保佑家人平平安安、幸福健康！

第五篇：韶山英文導(dǎo)游辭

Good morning!Ladies and Gentlemen:

Today, we will go and visit Shaoshan, the hometown of Chairman Mao.Shaoshan is a small mountain village about 100km southwest of Changsha, the capital of Hunan province, with some fairly beautiful scenery and a once typically Hunan village atmosphere, Shaoshan has been irreparably changed by history.On the 26th December 1893, a baby was born in a little house in this village, to a relatively wealthy peasant couple.The child was to grow up to become China“s Great Helmsman, Chairman Mao Zedong, and it was in this region that he spent his childhood and youth, attending school and helping his father with his work.As the hometown of the great man of the generation, now Shaoshan is one of the important tourist zones in Hunan province.The major tourist sites including the Former residence of Chairman Mao, Memorial Hall of Mao Zedong, Water-dripping Cave and Steles Forest of Mao”s poems，and so on.The former residence of Chairman Mao is the most interesting site.Entered through a courtyard, the house is of a sunny yellow, mud brick walls, with a nicely thatched roof, and is found on a wooded hillside, above some lush paddy fields.There are 13 and one half rooms in the Former residence, which include one and half central room, a kitchen, a dining room, three family bedrooms and a guest room.Within the rooms are various personal effects of Mao and his parents, as well as photos from Mao“s life.This is the central room, it was used by two families: Mao’s family and their neighbor.So we said that there is only one half of the central room belongs to Mao’s family.And this is there kitchen, where Chairman Mao often helped his mother doing some housework in his childhood.Go through the kitchen was Chairman Mao’s parent”s bedroom, there are two photos of Chairman Mao’s parents on the inner wall, and it was in this room where Chairman Mao was born.The Dripping Water Cave, about 3 km northwest of the village, is a very popular destination, possibly because of the fact that Mao allegedly spent 11 days here in the early days of the Cultural Revolution Years(1966-76), contemplating the unknown.