第一篇：愛沙尼亞總統在聯大一般性辯論人權發言

愛沙尼亞總統在聯大一般性辯論強調網絡安全和互聯網自由（聯合國新聞）

2013年9月25日 愛沙尼亞總統伊爾韋斯9月25日在第68屆聯大一般性辯論發言指出，互聯網上和網下的言論自由不僅是民主的基石，也是一項基本人權。伊爾韋斯強調，國際法可在推動建設一個開放可及的網絡空間方面發揮至關重要的作用。

各國首腦和政要云集的第68屆聯大一般性辯論25日進入第二天。當天，愛沙尼亞總統伊爾韋斯（Hendrik Ilves）是第一個在聯大全體會議上發言的與會領導人。

各國首腦和政要云集的第68屆聯大一般性辯論25日進入第二天。當天，愛沙尼亞總統伊爾韋斯（Hendrik Ilves）是第一個在聯大全體會議上發言的與會領導人。

伊爾韋斯在談及網絡安全和互聯網自由問題時指出，網絡犯罪對于國家的安全和福祉都可產生重要影響。在打擊互聯網犯罪的過程中，提高全世界所有人——從私人電腦用戶到大型關鍵基礎設施云的供應商，從政治領導人到國家政府——對這一問題的意識，并努力加以預防是問題的關鍵所在。

伊爾韋斯說：“網絡安全和互聯網自由這兩個問題有著內在聯系，同時也是相輔相成的。不僅如此，國際社會還需在因特網的治理問題上采取一種多利益攸關者的管理模式。言論自由不管是在網上還是在網下，都是任何民主的基石，同時也是一項基本人權，去年人權理事會重申了這一原則。聯合國政府專家組也再次重申，在推動建設一個開放可及的網絡空間方面，國際法至關重要，我對此感到高興。”

伊爾韋斯表示，到目前為止，歐洲理事會于2001年通過的預防網絡犯罪的《瑞士公約》仍是在這一問題上唯一具有法律約束力的國際文書，如有更多國家加入，該公約就可發揮更大作用。

此外，伊爾韋斯在講話中還重點談到了敘利亞問題，稱敘利亞沖突是當前“世界上最不可持續的局勢”。伊爾韋斯表示，在任何情形下使用化學武器都是令人無法接受的并且必須予以譴責，敘利亞的化學武器必須通過核查的方式迅速加以銷毀。禁止化學武器組織和安理會應當為通過具有法律約束力的方式解決這一問題開展行動，最好是以《聯合國憲章》第七章為依據，通過強制性制裁手段盡快采取行動。

第二篇：胡錦濤在第64屆聯大一般性辯論時的講話(全文)

2009年9月23日，國家主席胡錦濤在美國紐約出席第64屆聯大一般性辯論時發表題為《同舟共濟共創未來》的重要講話。講話全文如下：

同舟共濟 共創未來

——在第64屆聯大一般性辯論時的講話（2009年9月23日，美國紐約）

中華人民共和國主席胡錦濤

主席先生，各位同事，女士們，先生們：

當今世界正處在大發展大變革大調整時期，和平、發展、合作的時代潮流更加強勁。世界多極化、經濟全球化深入發展，多邊主義和國際關系民主化深入人心，開放合作、互利共贏成為國際社會廣泛共識，國與國相互依存更加緊密。

同時，國際金融危機影響仍在持續，世界經濟復蘇前景還不明朗，全球失業和貧困人口數量上升，發展不平衡更加突出，氣候變化、糧食安全、能源資源安全、公共衛生安全等全球性問題進一步顯現，恐怖主義、大規模殺傷性武器擴散、跨國有組織犯罪、重大傳染性疾病等非傳統安全威脅依然存在，一些熱點問題長期得不到解決，地區局部沖突此起彼伏，國際形勢中的不穩定不確定因素給世界和平與發展帶來嚴峻挑戰。

面對前所未有的機遇和挑戰，國際社會應該繼續攜手并進，秉持和平、發展、合作、共贏、包容理念，推動建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界，為人類和平與發展的崇高事業不懈努力。

第一，用更廣闊的視野審視安全，維護世界和平穩定。在人類歷史上，各國安全從未像今天這樣緊密相連。安全內涵不斷擴大，傳統安全威脅和非傳統安全威脅相互交織，涉及政治、軍事、經濟、文化等諸多領域，對各國構成共同挑戰，需要采用綜合手段共同應對。安全不是孤立的、零和的、絕對的，沒有世界和地區和平穩定，就沒有一國安全穩定。

我們應該堅持互信、互利、平等、協作的新安全觀，既維護本國安全，又尊重別國安全關切，促進人類共同安全。堅持聯合國憲章宗旨和原則，堅持用和平方式解決地區熱點問題和國際爭端，反對任意使用武力或以武力相威脅。支持聯合國在國際安全領域繼續發揮重要作用。堅持平等、互利、合作精神，保障全球經濟金融穩定。堅持反對一切形式的恐怖主義、分裂主義、極端主義，不斷深化國際安全合作。

全面禁止和徹底銷毀核武器，建立無核武器世界，是中國的一貫主張。國際社會應該切實推進核裁軍進程，消除核武器擴散風險，促進核能和平利用及其國際合作。

第二，用更全面的觀點看待發展，促進共同繁榮。在經濟全球化深入發展的大背景下，各國發展息息相關。沒有發展中國家普遍發展和平等參與，就沒有世界共同繁榮，就無法建立更加公正合理的國際經濟秩序。受國際金融危機沖擊，發展中國家外部發展環境惡化，經濟增長普遍減速，發展遇到嚴重困難。

我們應該把促進共同發展作為解決全球發展不平衡和實現可持續發展的重要途徑。聯合國應該加大對發展問題的投入，促進經濟全球化朝著均衡、普惠、共贏方向發展，努力營造有利于發展中國家發展的國際環境。國際金融機構應該把新增資源首先用于幫助發展中國家脫困，以更加靈活多樣、更加便利快捷的方式提供貸款支持。國際金融體系改革應該著力提高發展中國家代表性和發言權。

我們應該采取負責任的應對國際金融危機舉措，堅定反對保護主義，積極推動多哈回合談判早日取得全面、均衡的成果。發達國家應該向發展中國家開放市場、減免關稅，兌現官方發展援助和減債承諾，特別是加大對最不發達國家援助力度，重點解決其面臨的饑餓、醫療、教育等問題。

發展中國家應該立足自主發展，探索有利于實現發展、消除貧困的發展模式。發展中國家之間應該擴大貿易和投資合作，相互開放市場，提升南南合作水平。

第三，用更開放的態度開展合作，推動互利共贏。在氣候變化、糧食安全、能源資源安全、公共衛生安全等全球性挑戰面前，任何國家都不可能獨善其身。加強國際合作，是應對挑戰、確保和睦安寧的必由之路。我們應該樹立共贏理念，把本國人民利益同世界人民共同利益結合起來，擴大各方利益匯合點。

氣候變化是人類生存和發展面臨的嚴峻挑戰之一。國際合作是應對氣候變化的關鍵。我們應該堅持《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》及其《京都議定書》主渠道地位，堅持共同但有區別的責任原則，堅持“巴厘路線圖”的授權，推動哥本哈根大會取得成功，努力實現互利共贏。

糧食和能源問題事關各國民生、發展、穩定。我們應該加大農業投入，發展先進技術，抑制市場投機，增加糧食援助，加強農業和糧食合作。加強能源開發利用方面的互利合作，加緊研發新能源和可再生能源，構建先進能源技術研發和推廣體系，實現能源供應多元化。

甲型流感持續蔓延，已成為國際社會共同面臨的全球性公共衛生挑戰。中國愿為發展中國家防控甲型流感提供力所能及的幫助。

第四，用更寬廣的胸襟相互包容，實現和諧共處。不同文明交流借鑒、兼容并蓄，是社會進步的不竭動力。國家不分大小、強弱、貧富一律平等。我們應該承認各國文化傳統、社會制度、價值觀念的差異，尊重各國自主選擇發展道路的權利。積極促進和保障人權，加強對話，消除隔閡。倡導開放包容精神，使不同文明和發展模式在競爭比較中取長補短、在求同存異中共同發展。

主席先生、各位同事！

中國人民即將迎來中華人民共和國成立60周年。60年前，中國人民經過長期艱苦奮斗實現了民族獨立、人民解放，建立起人民當家做主的新中國。30年前，中國人民開始了改革開放和社會主義現代化建設的偉大歷史征程。中國社會迸發出前所未有的活力和創造力。而今的中國，綜合國力顯著增強，人民生活總體上達到小康水平。中國發展對世界和平與發展作出了重大貢獻。

歷史是繼續前進的基礎，是開創未來的啟示。我們清醒地認識到，中國仍然是發展中國家，我們在發展進程中遇到的矛盾和問題無論規模還是復雜性都世所罕見。中國要全面建成惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會，進而基本實現現代化、實現全體人民共同富裕，還有很長的路要走。中國將繼續從本國國情出發，堅持走中國特色社會主義道路，堅持以經濟建設為中心，堅持改革開放，全面推進經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設以及生態文明建設，真正做到發展為了人民、發展依靠人民、發展成果由人民共享，努力實現以人為本、全面協調可持續的科學發展。

中國的前途命運日益緊密地同世界的前途命運聯系在一起。中國越是發展，對世界的貢獻就越大，給世界帶來的機遇也越大。中國將始終不渝走和平發展道路，始終不渝奉行互利共贏的開放戰略，堅持在和平共處五項原則的基礎上同所有國家發展友好合作。中國過去、現在、將來都是維護世界和平、促進共同發展的積極力量。

中國作為一個負責任的發展中大國，歷來把促進共同發展作為外交政策的重要內容，盡力向其他發展中國家提供支持和幫助，已兌現對聯合國《千年宣言》所作承諾。截至目前，中國向120多個國家提供了援助，累計免除49個重債窮國和最不發達國家債務，對40多個最不發達國家的商品給予零關稅待遇。

國際金融危機發生以來，中國在面臨巨大困難的情況下，保持人民幣匯率基本穩定，為維護國際貿易健康發展發揮了重要作用。我們積極參與國際金融公司貿易融資計劃，向國際貨幣基金組織提供融資支持并主要用于幫助發展中國家。我們同有關發展中國家簽署雙邊貨幣互換協議。我們設立“中國-東盟投資合作基金”，為上海合作組織成員國提供信貸支持，積極參與東亞區域外匯儲備庫建設。

為進一步幫助發展中國家，中國還將采取以下舉措。

——繼續加強對受國際金融危機影響嚴重的發展中國家的支持，認真落實有關增資融資計劃，加強貿易和投資合作，增強有關國家抵御金融風險和可持續發展能力。

——繼續落實中國在聯合國千年發展目標高級別會議上提出的幫助發展中國家加快發展的舉措，促進聯合國千年發展目標的實現。

——繼續落實中非合作論壇北京峰會確定的各項援非舉措，增加對非援助，減免非洲重債窮國和最不發達國家債務，擴大對非貿易和投資，在農業、衛生、教育、防災減災等領域向非洲國家提供人力和技術支持，加大面向非洲的人力資源培訓。

——繼續參與和推動地區貨幣金融合作，維護地區金融和經濟形勢穩定，促進地區金融合作和貿易發展。

主席先生、各位同事！

同舟共濟、互利共贏是時代對我們的客觀要求，也是實現各國共同發展繁榮的必由之路。讓我們攜起手來，共同分享發展機遇，共同應對各種挑戰，為建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界而不懈努力！

謝謝各位。

第三篇：總理溫家寶23日在紐約聯合國總部出席第65屆聯大一般性辯論

總理溫家寶23日在紐約聯合國總部出席第65屆聯大一般性辯論，發表題為《認識一個真實的中國》的講話。

“中國是聯合國大家庭中的一員，中國的發展變化受到國際社會的高度關注。我愿就如何認識一個真實的中國，談談我的看法。”

溫家寶說，中國對自己通過艱苦奮斗取得的成就感到自豪。同時，我們對今天中國在世界上的位置和作用，也有著清醒的認識。

他指出，中國國內生產總值位居世界第三，但人均水平較低，只相當于發達國家的十分之一左右。中國經濟已保持30多年的快速增長，但進一步發展受到能源、資源和環境的制約。中國若干重要產品產量位居世界前列，但總體上仍處于全球產業鏈的低端。中國已經成為國際貿易大國，但出口產品技術含量和附加值低，核心技術仍然大量依賴進口。中國沿海地區和一些大中城市呈現現代化的繁榮，但中西部和廣大農村的不少地區仍然相當落后，還有1.5億人口生活在聯合國設定的貧困線之下。中國民生有了很大改善，但社會保障體系不健全，就業壓力很大。中國社會政治生活日趨活躍，公民基本權利得到較好的維護，但民主法制還不夠健全，社會不公和貪污腐敗等問題依然存在。

“中國現代化走到今天，先進落后并存，新舊矛盾交織，面臨諸多前所未有的挑戰。中國仍然處于社會主義初級階段，仍然屬于發展中國家。這就是我們的基本國情，這就是一個真實的中國。”

溫家寶說，中國的戰略目標是到本世紀中葉基本實現現代化。展望今后幾十年，中國人民將堅定不移地沿著改革開放、和平發展的道路前進。這條道路改變了中國的命運，給全體人民帶來了福祉。我們必須堅持它、完善它，而沒有任何理由改變它。

溫家寶表示，中國將繼續集中精力發展經濟。中國將繼續深化體制改革。中國將繼續擴大對外開放。我們將繼續發展教育科技。我們將繼續弘揚中華優秀文化。

“中國將堅定不移地走和平發展道路。和平發展的精髓是什么？就是爭取和平的國際環境來發展自己，又以自己的發展來促進世界的和平。這也是中國特色社會主義的題中應有之義。”

溫家寶說，中國將繼續尋求和擴大同世界各國的利益交匯點。中國的發展，不會損害任何人，也不會威脅任何人。中國絕不走“國強必霸”的路子。中國講友好，也講原則。在涉及主權、領土完整等問題上，中國決不退讓，決不妥協。2 中國堅定不移地支持聯合國在國際事務中發揮主導作用。中國永遠是發展中國家的好伙伴、好兄弟。

“中國發展，世界機遇；中國好了，世界得利。歷史將會進一步證明這一點。”

溫家寶在結束這篇講話時說，一個和平發展的中國，一個充滿活力的中國，一個敢于擔當的中國，永遠與世界同行。

第四篇：認識一個真實的中國2010年溫家寶總理在第65屆聯大一般性辯論上發言(中英文對照)

認識一個真實的中國

——在第65屆聯大一般性辯論上的講話

中華人民共和國國務院總理

2010年9月23日 紐約

Getting to Know the Real China

--Statement by H.E.Wen Jiabao

Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China

At the General Debate of the 65th Session of the UN General Assembly New York, 23 September 2010

主席先生，各位同事：

Mr.President,Dear Colleagues,中國是聯合國大家庭中的一員，中國的發展變化受到國際社會的高度關注。我愿就如何認識一個真實的中國，談談我的看法。

China is a member of the big family of the United Nations, and China's

development and changes have attracted worldwide attention.I wish to take this opportunity to share with you my observations on how one should get to know the real China.中華人民共和國成立以來，特別是改革開放30多年來，中國這個古老的東方大國發生了翻天覆地的變化。國家經濟實力和綜合國力大為增強，人民生活顯著改善，社會文明程度大幅提升，國際交流與合作不斷擴大。中國已經實現了由解決溫飽到總體上達到小康的歷史性跨越。

Since the founding of the People's Republic, and especially since the start of reform and opening up more than 30 years ago, profound changes have taken place in China, a big, ancient country in the East.Its economic and overall national strength has substantially increased.The livelihood of its people has markedly improved.Its social and cultural programs have made considerable progress.And its exchanges and cooperation with the outside world have kept expanding.In sum, my country has made a historic leap from mere subsistence to moderate prosperity.中國對自己通過艱苦奮斗而取得的成就感到自豪。同時，我們對今天中國在世界上的位置和作用，也有著清醒的認識。

We in China are proud of our achievements accomplished through strenuous efforts.At the same time, we are clear-headed about our place and role in today's world.中國國內生產總值位居世界第三，但人均水平較低，只相當于發達國家的十分之一左右。中國經濟已保持30多年的快速增長，但進一步發展受到能源、資源和環境的制約。中國若干重要產品產量位居世界前列，但總體上仍處于全球產業鏈的低端。中國已經成為國際貿易大國，但出口產品技術含量和附加值低，核心技術仍然大量依賴進口。中國沿海地區和一些大中城市呈現出現代化的繁榮，但中西部和廣大農村的不少地方仍然相當落后，還有1.5億人口生活在聯合國設定的貧困線之下。中國民生有了很大改善，但社會保障體系不健全，就業壓力很大。中國社會政治生活日趨活躍，公民基本權利得到較好的維護，但民主法制還不夠健全，社會不公和貪污腐敗等問題依然存在。

China's GDP is the third largest in the world, but in per capita terms, it is only one-tenth of that of developed countries.China has enjoyed over 30 years of fast growth, but its further development faces energy, resources and

environmental constraints.China is a leading producer of many important products, but it remains at the lower end of the global industrial chain.China is a big trading nation, but its exports are low in technology content and value added.In many cases, we have to rely on imports to meet the demand for core technologies.China's coastal areas and some of the big and medium-sized cities thrive in modernization, but many places in the central and western regions and the vast rural areas are still rather backward, and we have 150 million people living below the poverty line set by the United Nations.The Chinese people's livelihood has made significant improvement, but we do not yet have a full-fledged social security system, and we are confronted with high employment pressure.Our people are more and more actively engaged in the country's social and political development, and citizens' basic rights and

interests are better protected, yet our democracy and legal system still have room for improvement and such social ills as inequity and corruption still exist.中國現代化走到今天，先進落后并存，新舊矛盾交織，面臨諸多前所未有的挑戰。中國仍然處于社會主義初級階段，仍然屬于發展中國家。這就是我們的基本國情，這就是一個真實的中國。

China, which has come a long way in modernization, is fairly advanced in some areas of development but remains backward in others.And it faces

unprecedented challenges brought by problems both old and new.Taken as a whole, China is still in the primary stage of socialism and remains a developing country.These are our basic national conditions.This is the real China.中國的戰略目標是到本世紀中葉，基本實現現代化。展望今后幾十年，中國人民將堅定不移地沿著改革開放、和平發展的道路前進。這條道路改變了中國的命運，給全體人民帶來了福祉。我們必須堅持它、完善它，而沒有任何理由改變它。

China has set the strategic goal of basically achieving modernization by the middle of this century.Looking into the coming decades,the Chinese people will

continue to move forward along the path of reform and opening up and peaceful development.This path has changed China's destiny and has

benefited people throughout the country.We must stay on this path and make further improvement.There is no reason whatsoever for us to deviate from it.中國將繼續集中精力發展經濟。發展仍然是中國的第一要務，是解決一切問題的基礎。中國的發展主要依靠自己的力量。中國工業化城鎮化的推進，數以億計農民進入城鎮，將創造有史以來最為巨大的國內需求，開辟極其廣闊的市場和發展空間，為中國和世界經濟增長提供持久而強勁的動力。中國將下大力轉變經濟發展方式，調整經濟結構，走出一條均衡和可持續的發展道路。

China will continue to focus on developing the economy.Development is our top priority, as it constitutes the basis for addressing all issues.We will mainly rely on our own efforts in pursuing development.With the progress in China's industrialization and urbanization, hundreds of millions of farmers will move to towns and cities.This will create more domestic demand than ever, open up broad market and development space, and serve as a powerful engine

sustaining the growth of the Chinese economy and the world economy at large.We will work hard to transform the economic development pattern, restructure the economy and set out on a path of balanced and sustainable development.中國將繼續深化體制改革。我們要不斷完善社會主義市場經濟體制。毫不動搖地鞏固和發展公有制經濟，毫不動搖地鼓勵、支持、引導非公有制經濟發展。更加注重保障和改善民生，改革收入分配制度，完善養老、醫療、失業等社會保障體系，扭轉城鄉、地區和貧富差距擴大的趨勢，使每一個公民都能夠分享改革開放和發展的成果。在深化經濟體制改革的同時，要推進和搞好政治體制改革。只有這樣，經濟體制改革才能最終成功，現代化建設才能不斷發展。我們要尊重和保障人權，維護社會公平正義，實現人的自由和全面發展，這是民主法治國家的重要標志，也是國家長治久安的基本保障。

China will continue to deepen institutional reform.We will make consistent effort to improve the socialist market economy.We will unswervingly

strengthen and develop the public sector of the economy, and also unswervingly encourage,support and guide the development of the non-public sector.We will pay greater attention to ensuring and improving people's well-being.We will further reform the income distribution system and improve the social security system, including old-age support, medical care and unemployment benefit programs.We will endeavor to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, between different regions and between the rich and the poor.We want to make sure that each and every citizen shares the benefit of China's reform,opening up and development.While deepening economic restructuring, we will also push forward political restructuring.Otherwise, we cannot achieve the ultimate goal of economic reform and we will lose what we have gained from our

modernization drive.We respect and protect human rights,uphold social equity and justice, and strive to achieve the free and all-round development for our people.This is the important hallmark of a democratic country under the rule of law.It is also a basic guarantee for a country's lasting peace and stability.中國將繼續擴大對外開放。互利共贏，是我們必須長期堅持的開放戰略。我們要遵循國際通行的規則，擴大同世界各國的經貿往來。我們要進一步改善外商投資環境，優化利用外資結構，創新對外投資與合作方式。中國致力于推動建設公正公平、包容有序的國際金融新秩序和開放自由的國際貿易體系，反對各種形式的保護主義。在中國現代化的進程中，我們不僅要在經濟和科技領域繼續吸收和利用世界先進的東西，而且要在社會管理和文化建設等領域大膽借鑒人類文明的成果。

China will be even more open to the world.Mutually-beneficial cooperation for win-win progress is a long-term strategy that we will stick to in opening up to the world.We will follow established international rules in expanding business ties with other countries.We will continue to improve the environment for

foreign investors,optimize the structure of foreign capital utilization and explore new ways for overseas investment and cooperation.We are committed to promoting the establishment of a fair, equitable, inclusive and well-managed new international financial order and an open and free international trading regime.We are against protectionism in all its manifestations.In the course of modernization, we will not only continue to bring in and utilize advanced achievements from the rest of the world in the economic, scientific and technological fields, but also boldly draw upon the achievements of human civilization in the fields of social management and cultural development.我們將繼續發展教育科技。中國縮小同世界先進水平的差距，增強發展的后勁，根本靠什么？一靠教育，二靠科技。中國已經制訂了發展教育、發展科技的兩個中長期規劃綱要。我們要著力抓好這兩個規劃綱要的實施，爭取在2020年左右，基本建成人力資源強國和創新型國家。

China will continue to develop education,science and technology.How can China narrow the development gap with the advanced countries and enhance the sustainability of its strong growth? I believe two things are of fundamental importance: first, education, and second, science and technology.China has formulated medium-and long-term development programs on education and on science and technology respectively.Going forward, we will focus our efforts on implementing these two programs and build China into a country

strong in human resources and innovation by 2020.我們將繼續弘揚中華優秀文化。國家發展、民族振興，不僅需要強大的經濟力量，更需要強大的文化力量。五千年中華文明所凝結的道德和智慧，屬于中國，也屬于世界。我們要大力發展文化事業，加快建立與社會主義現代化建設相適應、與中華民族傳統美德相承接的思想道德體系。我們尊重世界文明的多樣性，加強不同文明之間的對話與交流，構建人類共有的精神家園。中華民族不僅能夠創造經濟奇跡，也一定能夠創造新的文化輝煌。

China will continue to carry forward its fine culture.The development of a

country and rejuvenation of a nation require not only great economic strength, but more importantly great cultural strength.The moral values and wisdom drawn from the 5,000-year Chinese civilization belong not only to China but also to the world.We will vigorously develop cultural programs and accelerate the development of a moral and ethical code that is commensurate with our socialist modernization drive and consistent with the traditional virtues of our nation.We respect the diversity of civilizations and will increase dialogue and exchanges

with other civilizations to forge a common cultural bond for humanity.The

Chinese nation,who has created an economic miracle,will create a new cultural splendor as well.人類進入21世紀，世界并不太平。但靠戰爭最終解決問題已經過時了。和平與發展，仍然是當今世界的兩大主題。

The world of the 21st century is far from tranquil, but gone are the days when problems were ultimately settled by war.Peace and development remain the defining features of our time.中國將堅定不移地走和平發展道路。和平發展的精髓是什么？就是爭取和平的國際環境來發展自己，又以自己的發展促進世界的和平。這也是中國特色社會主義的題中應有之義。China will stay firmly committed to peaceful development.You may ask what is the essence of peaceful development.It is to foster a peaceful international environment for our development and at the same time contribute to world peace through our development.This is something inherent in the concept of socialism with Chinese characteristics.中國在追求自身發展的進程中，將繼續以促進人類的共同發展和繁榮為己任。中國將繼續尋求和擴大同世界各國的利益交匯點。中國的發展，不會損害任何人，也不會威脅任何人。中國絕不走“國強必霸”的路子。

In the course of development, China will continue to take it as its own duty to promote the common progress and prosperity of mankind.We will seek and expand converging interests with other countries.China's development will not harm anyone or pose a threat to anyone.There were powers who sought hegemony once they grew strong.China will never follow in their footsteps.中國講友好，也講原則，堅定不移地維護國家的核心利益。在涉及主權、統一及領土完整的問題上，中國決不退讓，決不妥協。

China values friendship and also sticks to principles.It firmly upholds its national core interests.When it comes to sovereignty, national unity and territorial integrity, China will not yield or compromise.中國堅定不移地支持聯合國在國際事務中發揮主導作用。中國將繼續遵守《聯合國憲章》，認真履行國際公約的各項義務。中國將一如既往地加強同發展中國家的合作，支持擴大發展中國家在國際事務中的發言權。中國永遠是發展中國家的好伙伴、好兄弟！

China will continue to firmly support the leading role of the United Nations in international affairs.We will, as always, abide by the UN Charter and fulfill in good faith our obligations under international conventions.We will intensify cooperation with fellow developing countries, and support their greater say in international affairs.We will remain forever a good partner and brother of developing countries.中國的穩定和發展，有利于建設和平的國際環境，有利于建設民主的國際秩序，有利于建設繁榮的世界經濟，也有利于建設和諧的文明世界。中國發展，世界機遇；中國好了，世界得利。歷史將會進一步證明這一點。

China's stability and development is conducive to a more peaceful international environment, a more democratic international order,a more prosperous global economy and a more harmonious and civilized world.China's development is an

opportunity to the world.And the world stands to gain from a China that is better off.History will continue to prove this.一個和平發展的中國，一個充滿活力的中國，一個敢于擔當的中國，永遠與世界同行。讓我們攜起手來，為世界的持久和平與繁榮而奮斗！

A China that develops peacefully, a China that is full of vigor and vitality and a China that is willing and ready to fulfill its responsibilities will always move forward together with the world.Let us join hands to work for a world of enduring peace and prosperity.謝謝大家！

第五篇：溫家寶在第63屆聯合國大會一般性辯論上的發言

堅持改革開放 堅持和平發展

━━在第６３屆聯合國大會一般性辯論上的發言

中華人民共和國國務院總理 溫家寶

（２００８年９月２４日）

主席先生：

今年，對于中國來說，是不平凡的一年。我們經歷了兩件大事：第一件事是汶川特大地震災害造成了巨大的生命財產損失。中國人民在災難面前表現了堅強、勇敢、團結和不屈不撓的精神。目前，受災群眾得到了妥善安置，恢復重建工作正在有條不紊地展開。第二件事是北京奧運會成功舉辦。這一體育盛會不僅為來自世界各地的運動員展示風采創造了良好的條件，而且讓世界更多地了解中國，讓中國更多地了解世界。在抗震救災和舉辦奧運會的過程中，我們得到了國際社會的廣泛理解、支持和幫助。在此，我代表中國政府和人民表示誠摯的感謝。

世界都在關注北京奧運會后中國政治經濟走向。我可以明確地告訴大家，中國將繼續堅定不移地走和平發展道路，繼續堅持改革開放不動搖，繼續貫徹獨立自主的和平外交政策。這符合中國人民的根本利益，也符合世界人民的根本利益，順應世界潮流。

這次北京奧運會是在中國這樣一個最大的發展中國家舉行的。國際社會對中國政府和人民為此做出的努力給予了高度評價。奧運會的成功舉辦，使中國人民受到了極大的鼓舞，增強了實現現代化的信心和力量。同時，我們清醒地看到，中國有１３億人口，雖然經濟總量已經位居世界前列，但人均收入水平仍排在世界１００位之后，城鄉發展和區域發展很不平衡，農村特別是西部地區農村還很落后，還有數以千萬計的人口沒有解決溫飽。中國仍然是一個發展中國家，生產力不發達的狀況沒有根本改變，進一步發展還受到資源、能源、環境等瓶頸的制約。中國的社會主義市場經濟體制還不完善，民主法制還不健全，一些社會問題還比較突出。中國實現現代化的任務還很繁重，道路還很漫長。擺在我們面前的機遇和挑戰都是空前的。抓住機遇，迎接挑戰，聚精會神搞建設，一心一意謀發展，這就是中國政府和中國人民的理念和行動。

中國發展靠什么？靠改革開放。今年是中國改革開放３０周年。改革開放從根本上改變了中國長期封閉落后和沉悶僵化的狀況，打破了束縛人們的思想桎梏，調動了億萬人民群眾的積極性，大大解放了生產力，有力地推動了經濟社會的大發展，給中國大地帶來了蓬勃生機和活力。中國３０年的變化，得益于改革開放。中國要實現富強民主文明和諧的現代化目標，仍然要靠改革開放。改革開放是決定當代中國命運的關鍵抉擇，也是決定中國未來前途的戰略方向。中國堅持改革開放的政策是堅定不移的。中華民族自古以來就有崇尚革新、兼收并蓄、博采眾長的優秀傳統和智慧。今天，中國人更從３０年改革開放的切身經驗中體會到，只有不斷而深入地推進經濟體制、政治體制等各項改革，才是經濟發展和社會進步的永恒動力；只有全面而持久地擴大對外開放，才是國家富強和民族繁榮的正確道路。這不但是實踐探索的結論，也是歷史經驗的總結。

主席先生：

世界需要和平，和平才能發展。中國要實現自己的發展目標，渴望有一個和平的國際環境。中國政府堅定不移地奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策，愿同各國加強合作，共同促進人類和平與發展的崇高事業。

尊重主權和互不干涉內政是國與國之間發展關系的前提。近代屈辱的歷史使中國人民懂得，一個國家喪失主權，人民就沒有尊嚴和地位。中國堅決捍衛來之不易的國家主權和領土完整，決不允許任何外來干涉。同時，中國堅持平等相待，尊重別國的主權和領土完整，尊重各國人民自主選擇的社會制度和發展道路。

中國愿意在平等互利基礎上，同所有國家發展友好關系，不以意識形態和社會制度定親疏。在國際事務中，我們依照事情本身的是非曲直獨立作出判斷，根據國家利益和世界人民的福祉決定自己的立場，不盲從，不屈服于任何勢力。在國際關系中，中國不結盟，更不當頭，而且永遠不結盟、不當頭。

和平解決國際爭端是聯合國的宗旨，也是國際法的基本原則。中國堅持以對話和協商的方式處理與其它國家的歷史遺留問題和現實分歧。同時，作為聯合國安理會常任理事國，中國將一如既往地為推動和平解決國際熱點問題和地區沖突發揮積極的建設性作用。

中國的發展是和平的發展，不會損害任何人，也不會威脅任何人。中國現在不稱霸，將來也絕不稱霸。中國保持和發展適當的軍事力量，完全是為了維護國家主權和領土完整。當代中華民族的自信和榮光是建立在經濟發展、社會公正、國民素質和道德力量的基礎之上的。中國將以自身的發展促進世界的和平與發展。

主席先生：

在人類漫長的發展史上，世界各國的命運從未像今天這樣緊密相連，休戚與共。面對氣候變暖、環境惡化、資源緊缺、疫病和自然災害頻發、恐怖主義蔓延等一系列威脅人類生存和發展的全球性問題，面對當前金融、能源、糧食三大難題交織爆發的嚴峻局面，任何一個國家都無法置身其外，也難以單獨應對。特別是當前國際金融動蕩，已經波及許多國家，影響還會加劇，各國應當通力合作，迎接挑戰。全世界的人們，包括各國的領導者，只要消除敵視、隔閡和偏見，以包容開放的胸懷坦誠相待，攜手前行，人類一定會戰勝各種困難，也一定會擁有一個更加光明美好的未來。中國作為一個負責的發展中大國，愿與國際社會一道，加強合作，共同分享機遇，應對挑戰，為推動實現世界的和諧與可持續發展貢獻力量。

謝謝大家！

Full text of Chinese premier's speech

at General Debate of 63rd Session of UN General Assembly

UNITED NATIONS, Sept.25(Xinhua)--The following is the full text of the speech delivered by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao at the General Debate of the 63rd Session of the UN General Assembly on Wednesday.China Committed to Reform and Opening-up and Peaceful Development

Speech by H.E.Wen Jiabao

Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China At the General Debate of the 63rd Session of the UN General Assembly 24 September 2008 Mr.President，For China, this has been a special year.We experienced two major events.One was the devastating earthquake in Wenchuan, which caused grave losses of life and property.In the face of the disaster, the Chinese people showed great strength, courage, solidarity and resilience.By now, the people affected by the earthquake have been properly relocated and recovery and reconstruction work is well underway.The other was the successful hosting of the Beijing Olympic Games.This grand sporting event provided a good opportunity for athletes from around the world to show true sportsmanship.It also enabled the world to learn more about China and China more about the world.In our fight against the earthquake disaster and our efforts to host the Games, we received understanding, support and assistance from the international community.I wish to take this opportunity to express sincere gratitude on behalf of the Chinese Government and people.Now the whole world wants to know in what direction China is heading, both politically and economically, after the Beijing Olympic Games.Let me tell you in unequivocal terms that China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development, unswervingly pursue reform and opening-up, and continue to adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace.This is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of all other countries.It is also in keeping with the trend of the world.The just concluded Olympic Games was held in China, the largest developing country in the world.The international community has highly commended the efforts made by the Chinese Government and people for the Games.And its success has greatly inspired the Chinese people and given them even more confidence and strength to achieve modernization of the country.At the same time, however, we are soberly aware that China is a country with 1.3 billion people.Though its total GDP is one of the highest in the world, it trails behind more than 100 countries in terms of per capita income.Development between urban and rural areas and among different regions in China is unbalanced.The rural areas, particularly those in western China, are underdeveloped.Tens of millions of Chinese lack adequate food and clothing.China is still a developing country, where productivity remains low and further development is constrained by the shortage of resources and energy and environmental consequences.Our socialist market economic system, democracy and the rule of law need to be further improved, and certain outstanding social issues are yet to be resolved.To achieve China's modernization is a daunting task and we still have a long way to go.Both the opportunities and challenges that we face are unprecedented.We will seize the opportunities, rise up to challenges, dedicate ourselves to nation-building and focus on development.This is what the Chinese Government and people have been thinking and doing.People may ask: How does China achieve its development? The answer is through reform and opening-up.This year marks the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up policy, a policy that fundamentally changed the closed, backward, and ossified situation which had existed in China for years.It is a policy that freed people's mind and aroused their initiative, liberated the productive forces, generated great economic and social progress, and instilled vigor and vitality into the country.Without this policy, there would not have been such changes in China in the last 30 years.To achieve the goal of modernization and build a strong, prosperous, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious country, we will stick to the reform and opening-up policy.It is a choice of vital importance to the development of China today.It is also a strategy that will shape China's future.We are firm in carrying this policy forward.The Chinese nation has all along cherished the fine tradition and benefited from the wisdom of being open to new ideas and drawing on the strengths of others.The Chinese people have learned from 30 years of reform and opening-up that only continued economic and political restructuring and reform in other fields can lead to sustained economic growth and social progress, and only continued opening-up in an all-round way can lead the country to greater national strength and prosperity.This is the conclusion we have drawn both from our practice and exploration and from historical experiences.Mr.President，The world needs peace, for only with peace can there be development.China earnestly hopes to have a peaceful international environment in order to achieve its development goals.The Chinese Government is committed to an independent foreign policy of peace and stands ready to work with other countries to advance the noble cause of peace and progress of mankind.Respect for sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries is the prerequisite for sound state-to-state relations.The Chinese people have learned from their modern history of humiliation that when a country loses sovereignty, its people lose dignity and status.China is firm in upholding its hard-won sovereignty and territorial integrity and will never tolerate any external interference.Following the principle of treating each other as equals, China also respects the sovereignty and territorial integrity of other countries as well as the independent choice of their people for social systems and development paths.China is ready to develop friendly relations with all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit rather than on ideology or political system.In handling international affairs, we make our own judgment on the merit of each case and take our position in light of our national interests and the wellbeing of the world's people.We will neither blindly follow the position of others nor give way to the pressure of any forces.In international relations, China does not seek to build alliance or become a leader and will never do so in the future.Peaceful settlement of international disputes is a founding purpose of the United Nations and a basic principle of international law.China is committed to addressing issues left over from history and current differences with other countries through dialogue and negotiation.As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China will continue to play an active and constructive role in promoting peaceful settlement of international hotspot issues and regional conflicts.China's development is peaceful in nature.It will not harm anyone or pose a threat to anyone.China does not seek hegemony now, nor will it do so in the future.China keeps and develops an appropriate level of military capability solely for the purpose of safeguarding China's sovereignty and territorial integrity.The confidence and pride of the Chinese nation today are based on China's economic development, social justice, civility of the people and moral strength.China will, through its own development, contribute to peace and development of the world.Mr.President，In the long history of mankind, the destinies of countries have never been so closely linked as they are today.Given the global nature of issues threatening the survival and development of mankind such as climate change, environmental degradation, resources constraints, frequent outbreaks of diseases and natural disasters and the spread of terrorism, and in the face of the intertwining challenges of finance, energy and food, no country can expect to stay away from the difficulties or handle the problems all by itself.In particular, the international financial instability has spread to many countries now and its impact will grow even greater.All countries should work together to meet the challenges.So long as people of all countries, especially their leaders, can do away with hostility, estrangement and prejudice, treat each other with sincerity and an open mind, and forge ahead hand in hand, mankind will overcome all difficulties and embrace a brighter future.China, as a responsible major developing country, is ready to work with other members of the international community to strengthen cooperation, share opportunities, meet challenges and contribute to the harmonious and sustainable development of the world.Thank you.Full text of Chinese premier's speech

at General Debate of 63rd Session of UN General Assembly

UNITED NATIONS, Sept.25(Xinhua)--The following is the full text of the speech delivered by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao at the General Debate of the 63rd Session of the UN General Assembly on Wednesday.China Committed to Reform and Opening-up and Peaceful Development

Speech by H.E.Wen Jiabao

Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China At the General Debate of the 63rd Session of the UN General Assembly 24 September 2008 Mr.President，For China, this has been a special year.We experienced two major events.One was the devastating earthquake in Wenchuan, which caused grave losses of life and property.In the face of the disaster, the Chinese people showed great strength, courage, solidarity and resilience.By now, the people affected by the earthquake have been properly relocated and recovery and reconstruction work is well underway.The other was the successful hosting of the Beijing Olympic Games.This grand sporting event provided a good opportunity for athletes from around the world to show true sportsmanship.It also enabled the world to learn more about China and China more about the world.In our fight against the earthquake disaster and our efforts to host the Games, we received understanding, support and assistance from the international community.I wish to take this opportunity to express sincere gratitude on behalf of the Chinese Government and people.Now the whole world wants to know in what direction China is heading, both politically and economically, after the Beijing Olympic Games.Let me tell you in unequivocal terms that China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development, unswervingly pursue reform and opening-up, and continue to adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace.This is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of all other countries.It is also in keeping with the trend of the world.The just concluded Olympic Games was held in China, the largest developing country in the world.The international community has highly commended the efforts made by the Chinese Government and people for the Games.And its success has greatly inspired the Chinese people and given them even more confidence and strength to achieve modernization of the country.At the same time, however, we are soberly aware that China is a country with 1.3 billion people.Though its total GDP is one of the highest in the world, it trails behind more than 100 countries in terms of per capita income.Development between urban and rural areas and among different regions in China is unbalanced.The rural areas, particularly those in western China, are underdeveloped.Tens of millions of Chinese lack adequate food and clothing.China is still a developing country, where productivity remains low and further development is constrained by the shortage of resources and energy and environmental consequences.Our socialist market economic system, democracy and the rule of law need to be further improved, and certain outstanding social issues are yet to be resolved.To achieve China's modernization is a daunting task and we still have a long way to go.Both the opportunities and challenges that we face are unprecedented.We will seize the opportunities, rise up to challenges, dedicate ourselves to nation-building and focus on development.This is what the Chinese Government and people have been thinking and doing.People may ask: How does China achieve its development? The answer is through reform and opening-up.This year marks the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up policy, a policy that fundamentally changed the closed, backward, and ossified situation which had existed in China for years.It is a policy that freed people's mind and aroused their initiative, liberated the productive forces, generated great economic and social progress, and instilled vigor and vitality into the country.Without this policy, there would not have been such changes in China in the last 30 years.To achieve the goal of modernization and build a strong, prosperous, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious country, we will stick to the reform and opening-up policy.It is a choice of vital importance to the development of China today.It is also a strategy that will shape China's future.We are firm in carrying this policy forward.The Chinese nation has all along cherished the fine tradition and benefited from the wisdom of being open to new ideas and drawing on the strengths of others.The Chinese people have learned from 30 years of reform and opening-up that only continued economic and political restructuring and reform in other fields can lead to sustained economic growth and social progress, and only continued opening-up in an all-round way can lead the country to greater national strength and prosperity.This is the conclusion we have drawn both from our practice and exploration and from historical experiences.Mr.President，The world needs peace, for only with peace can there be development.China earnestly hopes to have a peaceful international environment in order to achieve its development goals.The Chinese Government is committed to an independent foreign policy of peace and stands ready to work with other countries to advance the noble cause of peace and progress of mankind.Respect for sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries is the prerequisite for sound state-to-state relations.The Chinese people have learned from their modern history of humiliation that when a country loses sovereignty, its people lose dignity and status.China is firm in upholding its hard-won sovereignty and territorial integrity and will never tolerate any external interference.Following the principle of treating each other as equals, China also respects the sovereignty and territorial integrity of other countries as well as the independent choice of their people for social systems and development paths.China is ready to develop friendly relations with all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit rather than on ideology or political system.In handling international affairs, we make our own judgment on the merit of each case and take our position in light of our national interests and the wellbeing of the world's people.We will neither blindly follow the position of others nor give way to the pressure of any forces.In international relations, China does not seek to build alliance or become a leader and will never do so in the future.Peaceful settlement of international disputes is a founding purpose of the United Nations and a basic principle of international law.China is committed to addressing issues left over from history and current differences with other countries through dialogue and negotiation.As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China will continue to play an active and constructive role in promoting peaceful settlement of international hotspot issues and regional conflicts.China's development is peaceful in nature.It will not harm anyone or pose a threat to anyone.China does not seek hegemony now, nor will it do so in the future.China keeps and develops an appropriate level of military capability solely for the purpose of safeguarding China's sovereignty and territorial integrity.The confidence and pride of the Chinese nation today are based on China's economic development, social justice, civility of the people and moral strength.China will, through its own development, contribute to peace and development of the world.Mr.President，In the long history of mankind, the destinies of countries have never been so closely linked as they are today.Given the global nature of issues threatening the survival and development of mankind such as climate change, environmental degradation, resources constraints, frequent outbreaks of diseases and natural disasters and the spread of terrorism, and in the face of the intertwining challenges of finance, energy and food, no country can expect to stay away from the difficulties or handle the problems all by itself.In particular, the international financial instability has spread to many countries now and its impact will grow even greater.All countries should work together to meet the challenges.So long as people of all countries, especially their leaders, can do away with hostility, estrangement and prejudice, treat each other with sincerity and an open mind, and forge ahead hand in hand, mankind will overcome all difficulties and embrace a brighter future.China, as a responsible major developing country, is ready to work with other members of the international community to strengthen cooperation, share opportunities, meet challenges and contribute to the harmonious and sustainable development of the world.Thank you.Full text of Premier Wen's speech at Harvard

'Turning Your Eyes to China'

DEAN KIM CLARK: It's a great pleasure and a privilege to welcome you here today to this historic occasion.On behalf of the faculty and the staff and the students of the Harvard Business School I welcome all of you to our campus.We're certainly pleased to have Premier Wen here today on this great occasion.It's my good fortune to be able to introduce to you today my good friend, Bill Kirby, who is Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.Bill.DEAN KIRBY: Thank you very much, Kim.The Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard joins in welcoming all of you and our distinguished guests from the People's Republic of China.Today is a very important occasion, an opportunity for dialogue between members of the Harvard community and the leader of one of the most rapidly transforming and transformative countries in the world, whose future is closely intertwined with our own.And in this global era, universities serve an increasingly important function.We are points of connection and communication between citizens of different regions of the world.Harvard is honored to welcome Premier Wen and his delegation.As the first line of “The Analects” tells us, “How very glad we are to welcome friends from afar.” Our guest speaker today is, as you know, the Premier of the People's Republic of China, Premier Wen Jiabao.Seated to the Premier's left is Mr.Li Zhaoxing, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic.Next to Minister Li is Ma Kai, Minister of the National Development and Reform Commission.To Mr.Ma Kai's left is Mr.Wei Liqun, who is Director of the Research Office of the State Council.And seated next to the Director is the Honorable Yang Jiechi, the Ambassador of the People's Republic of China to the United States.And let me introduce the gentleman to my right.We have already had the pleasure of hearing from Dean Kim Clark of the Harvard Business School.And the gentleman to his right, Professor Dwight Perkins, the Director of the Harvard University Asia Center.To Professor Perkins' right is Professor Wilt Edema, Director of Harvard's Fairbank Center for East Asian Research, and to his right is the Honorable Clark Randt, the United States Ambassador to the People's Republic of China.Welcome, Ambassador Grant.Thank you all for coming, and may I now introduce our next speaker, ladies and gentlemen, the President of Harvard University, Lawrence Summers.PRESIDENT SUMMERS: Thanks very much, Bill.On a day like this I am particularly glad to have a distinguished scholar of Chinese history as the Dean of our Faculty of Arts and Sciences.Premier Wen, we are honored to have you here today.On behalf of the entire Harvard community and especially the 350 Chinese students at Harvard, and the nearly 500 scholars, teachers and professors at Harvard, I am delighted to welcome you to our university.When the history of our era is written a century or two from now I suspect that the end of the Cold War, the fall of the Berlin Wall, may be the second story in that history.The first story in that history may be the dramatic developments on the Asian continent over the last quarter century and the next, and at the center of that story is your country, China.This is surely a moment of promise, of risk, and of opportunity in China.And our distinguished speaker, Wen Jiabao, is poised to lead China into a new era with great potential for growth and prosperity.A geologist by training and an experienced public servant over more than three decades, Premier Wen has the very well-established reputation of being a very able and very well-trusted statesman.He and I had a chance to meet, it was my very great privilege to meet with him, when I traveled to China several years ago on behalf of the U.S.government, and I am now delighted to welcome to Harvard University Premier Wen.Premier Wen, we look forward to your remarks.PREMIER WEN: Mr.President, ladies and gentlemen.I would like to begin by sincerely thanking President Summers for his kind invitation.Harvard is a world famous institution of higher learning, attracting the best minds and bringing them up generation after generation.In its 367 years of history, Harvard has produced seven American presidents and more than 40 Nobel Laureates.You have reason to be proud of your university.It is my great pleasure today to stand on your rostrum and have this face-to-face exchange with you.I like young people very much.Because young people are always so energetic and they have the least conservative ideas, and they represent the future of our world.And this year during the outbreak of the SARS epidemic, I thought about the students.I cared a lot for them, and I wanted to gain strength from them.So that was why I went to our Tsinghua University to have lunch with them.And also I went to Beijing University and I had a chat with the students in the library.At that time probably you could not have imagined what an atmosphere we were in, but I felt that the young people were as hopeful as ever.They always dream about a beautiful future.They pointed to the trees outside the window and said to me, “People like to say that when all the leaves grow, when the tree becomes green all over, this crisis will be over.And they also said that they would all rather be the green leaves themselves, and they asked me, Premier, in this big tree, which part of the tree are you? I immediately replied, ”I'm also one of the leaves like you.“

I think the developments proved to be like they predicted.When spring came back, when the trees became green, this outbreak was driven away.As the speaker today, of course I think I need to explain myself a little bit to my audience, and I owe you this because in this way we can have a heart-to-heart discussion.As you know, as you probably know, I'm the son of a schoolteacher.I spent my childhood mostly in the smoke and fire of war.I was not as fortunate as you as a child.When Japanese aggressors drove all the people in my place to the Central Plaza, I had to huddle closely against my mother.Later on, my whole family and house were all burned up, and even the primary school that my grandpa built himself all went up in flames.In my work life, most of the time I worked in areas under the most harsh conditions in China.Therefore I know my country and my people quite well and I love them so deeply.The title of my speech today is ”Turning Your Eyes To China.“ China and the United States are far apart, and they differ, they differ greatly in the level of economic development and culture.[At this point a protester interrupted.]

Please allow me to continue with my speech.Ladies and gentlemen, I will not be disrupted.Because I'm deeply convinced that the 300 million American people do have friendly feelings towards the Chinese people.And I'm deeply convinced the development and improvement of China-U.S.relations will not only serve the interests of our two peoples but is also conducive to peace and stability of the whole world.I know that China and the United States are far apart geographically and they differ greatly in the level of economic development and a cultural background.I hope my speech will help increase our mutual understanding.In order to understand the true China, a changing society full of promises, it is necessary to get to know her yesterday, her today, and her tomorrow.China yesterday was a big ancient country that created a splendid civilization.As we all know in history of mankind there appeared the Mesopotamian civilization in West Asia, the ancient Egyptian civilization along the Nile in North Africa, the ancient Greek-Roman civilization along the northern bank of the Mediterranean, the ancient Indian civilization in the Indus River Valley in South Asia, and the Chinese civilization originating in the Yellow and Yangtze River Valleys.Owing to earthquake, flood, plague and famine, or to alien invasion or internal turmoil, some of these ancient civilizations withered away, some were destroyed and others became assimilated into other civilizations.Only the Chinese civilization, thanks to its strong cohesive power and inexhaustible appeal, has survived many vicissitudes intact.The 5,000-year-long civilization is the source of pride of every Chinese.The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course.More than 2,000 years ago there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius.Taoism, represented by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term, ”the masters' hundred schools.“ From Confucius to Dr.Sun Yat-sen, the traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic.For example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, on seeking harmony without uniformity and on the idea that the world is for all.Especially, patriotism as embodied in the saying, ”everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country;“ the populist ideas that, people are the foundation of the country and that people are more important than the monarch;the code of conduct of, don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you;and the traditional virtues taught from generation to generation: long suffering and hard working diligence and frugality in household management, and respecting teachers and valuing education.All these have played a great role in binding and regulating the family, the country and the society.On this year's Teacher's Day, which fell on the 10th of September, I specially went to see Professor Ji Xianlin of Peking University in his hospital ward.Professor Ji, 92 years old, is a great scholar in both Chinese and Western learning, and specializing in Oriental studies.I enjoy reading his prose.And he had a very good habit that is even in his hospital he would keep a journal, in fact a very beautiful essay about what he saw and did and felt for that particular day.And he studied a special Oriental language and probably he is among the very few in the world who actually knows this language.In our conversation we talked about the movement of Eastern learning spreading to the West, and also Western learning spreading to the East in modern times.In the 17th and 18th centuries, foreign missionaries translated Chinese classics into European languages and introduced them to Europe, and this aroused great interest in some eminent scholars and enlightenment thinkers there.Among them, Descartes, Leibniz, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Goethe and Kant all studied the traditional Chinese culture.In my younger days I read Voltaire's writings.He said that a thinker who wanted to study the history of this planet should first turn his eyes to the East, China included.He once said that when people in many other countries are debating about the origin of the human species the Chinese are already seriously writing about their history.Interestingly, one and a half centuries ago, R.W.Emerson, a famous American philosopher and outstanding Harvard graduate, also fell for the traditional Chinese culture.He quoted profusely from Confucius and Mencius in his essays.He placed Confucius on a par with Socrates and Jesus Christ, saying that we read the moral teachings of the Confucius school with profit today, though they were addressed to a state of society unlike ours.Rereading these words of Voltaire and Emerson today, I cannot but admire their wisdom and far sight.China today is a country in reform and opening up, and a rising power dedicated to peace.The late Dr.John King Fairbank used the following words to describe China's overpopulation and land scarcity.On the land owned by one farmer in the U.S., there might live hundreds of people forming a village in China.He went on to say that although the Americans were mostly farmers in the past, they never felt such pressure of population density.A large population and underdevelopment are the two facts China has to face.Since China has 1.3 billion people, I often like to say, I often like to make a very easy but at the same time very complicated division and multiplication.That is, any small individual problem multiplied by 1.3 billion becomes a big, big problem.And any considerable amount of financial and material resources divided by 1.3 billion becomes a very low per capita level.And becomes really small.This is a reality the Chinese leaders have to keep firmly in mind at all times.We can rely on no one else except ourselves to resolve the problems facing our 1.3 billion people.Since the founding of the People's Republic, we have achieved much in our national reconstruction.At the same time we have made a few detours and missed some opportunities.By 1978, with the adoption of the reform and opening up policies, we had ultimately found the right path of development.The Chinese people's path of independently building socialism with Chinese characteristics.The essence of this path of development is to mobilize all positive factors, emancipate and develop the productive forces, and respect and protect the freedom of the Chinese people to pursue happiness.China's reform and opening up have spread from rural areas to the cities, from the economic field to the political, cultural, and social arenas.Each and every step forward is designed in the final analysis to release the gushing vitality of labor, knowledge, technology, managerial expertise and capital, and allow all sources of social wealth to flow to the fullest extent.For quite some time in the past, China had a structure of highly centralized planned economy.With deepening restructuring towards the socialist market economy and progress in a development of democratic politics, there was gradual lifting of the former improper restrictions, visible and invisible, on people's freedom in the choice of occupation, mobility, enterprise, investment, information, travel, faith and lifestyles.This has brought extensive and profound changes never seen before in China's history.On one hand, the enthusiasm of the work force in both cities and countryside has been set free.In particular, hundreds of millions of farmers are now able to leave their old villages and move into towns and the cities, especially in the coastal areas.And tens of millions of intellectuals are now able to bring their talent and creativity into full play.On the other hand, the massive assets owned by the state can now be revitalized.A private capital pool in the amount of trillions of yuan can take shape, and more than 500 billion U.S.dollars' worth of overseas capital can flow in.This combination of capital and labor results in a drama of industrialization and urbanization of a size rarely seen in human history being staged on 9.6 million square kilometers of land called China.Here lies the secret of the 9.4 percent annual growth rate that Chinese economy has been able to maintain in the past 25 years.The tremendous wealth created by China in the past quarter of a century has not only enabled our 1.3 billion countrymen to meet their basic needs for food, clothing and shelter and basically realize a modestly comfortable standard of living but also contributed to world development.China owes all this progress to the policy of reform and opening up and in the final analysis to the freedom-inspired creativity of the Chinese people.It has become so clear to me that, at the current stage, China has an abundant supply of labor in proportion to her limited natural resources and short capital.If no effective measures are taken to protect the fundamental rights of our massive labor force, and in particular the farmer workers coming to the cities, they may end up a miserable plight as described in the novels by Charles Dickens and Theodore Dreiser.Without effective protection of the citizens' rights to property, it will be difficult to attract and accumulate valuable capital.Therefore the Chinese government is committed to protecting the fundamental rights of all the working and the right to property, both public and private.This has been explicitly provided for in China's laws and put into practice.China's reform and opening-up is exactly aimed at promoting human rights in China.The two are mutually dependent and reinforcing.Reform and opening-up creates conditions for the advancement of human rights, and the advancement of human rights invigorates the former.If one separates the two and thinks that China only goes after economic growth and ignores the protection of human rights, such a view does not square with the facts.Just as President FDR said, true individual freedom cannot exist without economic security and independence, and necessitous men are not free men.I am not suggesting that China's human rights situation is impeccable.The Chinese government has all along been making earnest efforts to correct the malpractices and negative factors of one kind or another in the human rights field.It is extremely important and difficult in China to combine development, reform and stability.Seeing is believing.If our friends come to China and see for themselves, they will be able to judge objectively and appreciate the progress made there in human rights and the Chinese government's hard work in upholding human rights since the beginning of reform and opening-up.China is a large developing country.It is neither proper nor possible for us to rely on foreign countries for development.We must and we can only rely on our own efforts.In other words, while opening still wider to the outside world, we must more fully and more consciously depend on our own structural innovation, on constantly expanding the domestic market, on converting the huge savings of our citizens into investment, and on improving the quality of the population and scientific and technological progress to solve the problems of resources and the environment.Here lies the essence of China's relative peaceful rise and development.Of course, China is still a developing country.There is an obvious gap between its urban and rural areas and between its eastern and western regions.If you travel to the coastal cities in China's southeast, you will see modern size skyscrapers, busy traffic, and brightly lit streets.But that is not what China is all about.In vast rural areas of China, especially in the central and western rural parts, there are still many backward places.Not long ago, Secretary Evans of Commerce had a talk with me about China/U.S.economic relations and trade.Before he met with me he went to see some rural areas in China's west and in our meeting he showed me two pictures he shot in his visit and reflected the state of backwardness in those quarters.And in fact he felt strongly about what he saw.He said that he would never forget the people that he met within that trip.I said to him that out of the total of 2,500 counties in China I have personally been to 1,800 of them and I've been to the poorest areas in China.I said to him that what you saw in fact is not the poorest of areas and I said that if you can see what China really is then our discussion today would be very easy.And our conversation did indeed turn out to be very interesting and useful.In those poor and remote mountain villages folks still use manual labor and animals to till the land.They live in houses made of sun-dried mud bricks.In times of severe drought there will be scarcity of drinking water for people and animals.I often remember in my mind two lines from a poem written by Mr.Chen Banjao in 18th century.That is:

The rustling of bamboo outside my door Sounds like the moaning of the needy poor.As the premier of China I'm often torn with anxiety and unable to eat or sleep with ease when I think of the fact that there are still 30 million farmers lacking food, clothing and shelter, 23 million city dwellers living on subsistence allowances and 60 million disabled and handicapped people in need of social security aid.For China to reach the level of developed countries it will still take the sustained hard work of several generations, a dozen generations or even dozens of generations.China tomorrow will continue to be a major country that loves peace and has a great deal to look forward.Peace loving has been a time-honored quality of the Chinese nation.The very first emperor of the Qin Dynasty commanded the building of the Great Wall 2,000 years ago for defense purposes.The Tang Dynasty opened up the Silk Road one thousand years ago in order to sell silk, tea and porcelain to other parts of the world.Five hundred years ago, Zheng He, the famous diplomat navigator of the Ming Dynasty, led seven maritime expeditions to seek friendly ties with other countries, taking along China's exquisite products, advanced farming and handicraft skills.The great Russian writer Leo Tolstoy once called the Chinese nation the oldest and largest nation, and, the most peace-loving nation in the world.As the modern times began, the ignorance, corruption and self-imposed seclusion of the feudal dynasties led China to prolonged social stagnation, declining national strength and repeated invasions by the foreign powers.Despite compounded disasters and humiliation, the Chinese nation never gave up, and managed to emerge from each setback stronger than before.A nation learns a lot more in times of disaster and setback than in normal times.Now, China has laid down her three-step strategy towards modernization.From now to the year 2020, China will complete the building of a comfortable society in an all-round way.By 2049, the year the People's Republic will celebrate its centenary, we will have reached the level of a medium-developed country.We have no illusions but believe that on our way forward, we shall encounter many difficulties foreseeable and unpredictable and face all kinds of tough challenges.We cannot afford to lose such a sense of crisis.Of course, the Chinese government and people are confident enough to overcome all the difficulties and achieve our ambitious goals through our vigorous efforts.This is because the overriding trend of the present-day world is towards peace and development.China's development is blessed with a rare period of strategic opportunities.And if we don't grasp it, it will slip away.We are determined to secure a peaceful international environment and a stable domestic environment in which to concentrate on our own development, and with it to help promote world peace and development.This is because the socialism China adheres to is brimming with vigor and vitality.From the day when I became Prime Minister, I made an analogy.I said that socialism is like an ocean that takes in all the rivers and will never go dry.While planting our feet solidly on our national conditions we will boldly press ahead with reform and opening-up, and boldly absorb all fine achievements of human civilizations.There is no limit to the life and exuberance of a socialism that is good at self-readjustment and self-improvement.This is because 25 years of reform and opening-up has given China a considerable material accumulation, and her economy has gained a foothold in the world.The motivation of China's millions to pursue happiness and create wealth is an inexhaustible reservoir of drive for the country's modernization.This is because the Chinese nation has rich and profound cultural reserves.Harmony without uniformity is a great idea put forth by ancient Chinese thinkers.It means harmony without sameness, and difference without conflict.Harmony entails co-existence and co-prosperity, while difference conduces to mutual complementation and mutual support.To approach and address issues from such a perspective will not only help enhance relations with friendly countries, but also serve to resolve contradictions in the international community.Ladies and Gentlemen, A deeper mutual understanding is a two-way process.I hope American people, young people in this country, will turn their eyes to China.I also trust that our young people will turn their eyes more to the United States.The United States is a great country.Since the days of the early settlers the Americans with their toughness, frontier spirit, pragmatism, innovation, and their respect for knowledge, admission of talents, their scientific tradition and rule of law, have forged the prosperity of this country.The composure, courage and readiness to help one another shown by the American people in the face of the September 11th terrorist attacks are truly admirable.Entering the 21st century, mankind is confronted with more complicated economic and social problems.The cultural element will have a more important role to play in the new century.Different nations may speak different languages, but the people's hearts and feelings are interlinked.Different cultures may present manifold features, yet they often share the same rational core elements that can always be passed on by people.The civilizations of different nations are all fruits of human wisdom and contribution to human progress;they call for mutual respect.Conflicts triggered by ignorance or prejudice are sometimes more dreadful than those caused by contradictory interests.We propose to seek common in a spirit of equality and tolerance, and carry on extensive inter-civilization dialogue and closer cultural exchanges.In his poem, ”Malvern Hill," the famous American poet Herman Melville wrote:

Wag the world how it will.Leaves must be green in Spring.The youth represents the future of the nation and the world.Faced with the bright prospect of China-U.S.relations in the new century, I hope the young people of China and the young people of the United States will join their hands more closely.Ladies and Gentlemen, Chinese forefathers formulated their goals as follows:

To ordain conscience for Heaven and Earth.To secure life and fortune for the people.To continue lost teachings for past sages.To establish peace for all future generations.Today, mankind is in the middle of a period of drastic social change.It would be a wise approach for all countries to carry forward their fine cultural heritages by tracing back their origin, passing on the essentials, learning from one another and breaking new ground.My appeal is that we work together with our wisdom and strength for the progress and development of human civilization.Our success will do credit to our forbears and bring benefit to our posterity.In this way, our children and their children will be able to live in a more peaceful, more tranquil and more prosperous world.I am convinced that such an immensely bright and beautiful tomorrow will arrive.Thank you for your attention.Now I'll be happy to take questions from you.You may raise your hands.DEAN KIRBY: Thank you, Premier Wen, for your wide ranging and very interesting historical perspective.And as a historian I have many questions I would like to ask you, but it's not my turn.We have several questions that have been submitted by our students, and I just have to tell you that students ask much harder questions than deans.So if I may read you one question that has been submitted by our students.Premier Wen, what do you feel are the prospects for democracy in China? Do you envisage any changes in the role of the Communist Party? For example, do you envisage contested direct elections for township, county, and provincial governments?

PREMIER WEN: There's no question that to develop democracy, the objective of our endeavor, all our efforts will be aimed at building China into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and modern country.We once said that without democracy there will be no socialism.To develop socialist democracy some specific measures will have to be taken.First, we need to improve the election system.Just now you mentioned election in China.Among China's 680,000 villages we carry out direct election for the Villager's Committee.And direct/indirect election is carried out at counties and the municipalities where they don't have districts.And we also have indirect election for officials at provincial and central level.Because conditions are not ripe yet for direct election of senior officials, China is such a big country and our economic development is so uneven, to start with I think the educational level of the population is not high enough.Second, we should let the people supervise the work of the government and be critical of the performance of the government.Only when we allow the people to supervise the performance of the government, the government cannot afford to slack in its efforts in serving the people.And only when the government accepts the criticism from the public we can ensure the success of all policy.In China it would be a time-consuming process to develop China's democracy perfectly.But if you look at the U.S.history it is also time consuming for U.S.to develop its democracy from the days of the Declaration of Independence in the year 1776 to the Civil War in 1860s, and to the incidents of Martin Luther King in the 1960s.Just now in the speech I quoted President Roosevelt.He said the necessitous men were not free men.In fact in preparing his Declaration of Independence President Jefferson also placed the right to development before anything else.President Jefferson put the right to life before anything else.So we need to work to improve the living standards of 1.3 billion Chinese people.This is a big challenge ahead.Thank you.People sometimes have mixed feelings about giving a speech in Harvard.They like to come here very much because Harvard is so famous as a gathering place of the best brains in the world.But at the same time they also feel afraid because they know from the faculty and students there will be touch questions.Before I arrived here I kept recalling one remark my mother always said to me.According to my mother a person should try to be truthful, honest, sincere and candid.If a people can reach these standards then he will find himself with a very highest state of mind.I may not be able to give you good answers, yet I always speak from my mind and tell you the truth.DEAN KIRBY: A question from the floor.Yes ma'am.WOMAN: My name is Changju.I'm from the Harvard School of Education, and I came here two years ago.I got my Bachelor of Arts degree from Beijing University, from the English Department.And my question is, we are very excited that Beijing is going to host the 2008 Olympic Games, and when Premier Wen has said that we're going to do our best to host the Olympic Games, so I was wondering what kind of aspects are you talking about.Thank you.PREMIER WEN: It seems that she is more nervous than I am.I don't know about the audience if there are more Chinese students or more American students.But since you mentioned the Olympic Games that is to be hosted by China, it reminds me of a sad story in the past.Before China was liberated, before PRC was founded in '49, we at that time were only able to send one athlete by name of Yo Jangjin, he was a short distance runner, to participate in the Olympic Games.The game was held in the United States so he took a ship and had a long journey.He was already exhausted after the long journey when he reached the United States.He was the only representative of China in the Olympic Games.He did not win any medal but he had the support and attention and care of the entire Chinese population.Now it's a different story.The Olympic Games is going to be held in China.This is because China has developed itself to a great extent, and China already has the respect of the international community.I said we will stage an excellent game in China.This will mean that it will be of very high standard.But at the same time I have to say that China is still a developing country.We have to practice economy.We cannot squander the resources away.Thank you.DEAN KIRBY: The gentleman far up in the white shirt, there sir?

MAN: I hope it's OK if I speak in English for this question.You mentioned in your visit with President Bush a couple of days ago that you are hoping to encourage American imports into China to balance the trade deficit.And I was wondering what steps China will be taking to encourage American imports into China.PREMIER WEN: Indeed the Americans have a strong interest in seeing more U.S.products to be sold in Chinese market.And I also discussed this with President Bush yesterday.It will be fair to draw attention to the fact that in recent two years the U.S.export to China has grown.Last year while the U.S.export to the rest of the world grew at a rate of only two to three percent, U.S.export to China grew by 15 percent.And the first 10 months of this year U.S.export to China grew by 26 percent.We have to recognize the fact that in the trade relationship United States does run a quite significant deficit with China.I had a very good discussion with President Bush.The two of us did not get bogged down on the small details, so precisely as described by the famous poem in China, was the ascent to the top of the Mountain Tai, where the other peaks are simply dwarfed.I proposed to President Bush five principles on further expansion of our economic cooperation in trade.And the first principle is mutual benefits and a win-win situation.We need to think broadly.Each side must take into account the interests of the other side.Second, we need to find a solution to the trade imbalance problem through the expansion of trade.To cut back China's export to the U.S.market is not a good solution.The better solution is for U.S.to increase its export to China.