第一篇：2010秋中高級口譯口試漢譯英真題

2010秋中高級口譯口試漢譯英真題

漢譯英：

（此題摘自江總書記于一九九九年十月二十二日在英國劍橋大學的演講）

Passage 1:

中華民族歷來尊重人的尊嚴和價值。還在遙遠的古代，我們的先人就已提出“民為貴”的思想，認為“天生萬物，唯人為貴”，社會的發展和進步，取決于人的發展和進步，取決于人的尊嚴的維護和價值的發揮。今天中國所煥發出來的巨大活力，是中國人民擁有廣泛自由、民主的生動寫照。

中國確保十三億多人的生存權和發展權，是對世界人權事業的重大貢獻。集體人權與個人人權、經濟文化權利與公民政治權利緊密結合和協調發展，這適合中國國情，是中國人權事業發展的必然道路。

(參考答案)

The Chinese nation has always respected human dignity and value.Even in the ancient days, our ancestors came up with the idea of “people being the most important,” believe that “man is the most valuable among all the things that heaven fosters.” The progress and development of a society hinge on human progress and development and depend on how well human dignity is maintained and how much human value is realized.The immense vitality displayed by China today is a vivid reflection of the broad freedoms and democtatic rights enjoyed by the Chinese people.Chins has a population of over 1.3 billion, and to ensure our people the rights to subsistence and development is in itself a major contribution to the progress of the world human rights cause.Collective and individual human rights should be considered together and their coordinated development should be pursued, and the same considerations should be given to the development of economic and cultural rights on the one hand and of civil and political rights on the other.This is dictated by China’s specific national conditions and therefore, is the only way to progress in human rights cause in Chins.2010秋中高級口譯口試英譯漢真題

英譯漢：

Passage 2:

On behalf of all the membership of the United Nations, I hereby reaffirm the role of this international organization.When ti was created more than 60 years ago, the United Nations reflected humanity’s greatest hopes for a just and peaceful global community.It still embodies that dream.We remain the only world institution with the legitinacy and scope that derive from global membership, and a mandate that encompasses development, secutiry and human rights as well as the envoronment.I restate that we are an organization without independent military capability, and we dispose of relatively modest resources in the economic realm.Yet our influence and impact on the world is far greater than many believe to be the case, and often more than we ourselves realize.This influence derives not from any exercise of power, but from the force of the values we represent.Among these values are the maintenance of the world order and the establishment of world harmony.（參考答案）

我謹代表聯合國所有成員國，在此重申這個國際組織的作用。聯合國60多年前成立時，反映了人類建立一個公正和平的國際社會的殷切希望。聯合國至盡仍然代表了這個夢想。我們仍然是唯一具有產生于會籍普遍性的合法性和規模，并具有包括發展、安全和人權以及環境在內的使命的全球性機構。

我重申，這是一個沒有獨立軍事能力的組織，在經濟領域也只處理相對不多的資源。然而，我們對世界的影響卻比許多人所認為的要大得多，而且常常比我們自己所意識到的還要多。這種影響不是產生于權利的行使，而是產生于我們所代表的價值觀念的力量。我們的價值觀；包括維護國際次序，建立和諧世界。

第二篇：中級口譯漢譯英真題集

2000.3 中華民族歷來愛好自由與和平。中國人始終希望天下太平，希望同各國人民友好相處。中國人民在近代飽受戰爭和侵略的痛苦，更深感自由與和平的珍貴。任何一個國家建設和發展，都需要一個和平穩定的國際國內環境。任何一個國家和民族的自由，都是一切個人自由的前提和基礎。我們希望各國人民都生活在沒有戰爭和暴力的世界里，希望各國人民都能享有不被人壓迫、歧視和欺凌的自由。

The Chinese people have been a freedom-and-peace-loving nation.They have always hoped for the world to be at peace and the peoples of various countries to co-exist peacefully.Having suffered from wars and foreign aggression in modern times, the Chinese people treasure freedom and peace all the more.Every nation needs a peaceful and stable international and domestic environment for its construction and development.The freedom of a country or nation is the prerequisite and base of the freedom of any individual.We hope that all nations can live in a world free from war and violence and that people from all parts of the world can enjoy freedom without oppression, discrimination, bullying and humiliation.2000.9 中國政府在宣布實行和平統一的方針時，是基于一個前提，即當時的臺灣當局堅持世界上只有一個中國、臺灣是中國的一部分。同時中國政府考慮到美國政府承認了世界上只有一個中國、臺灣是中國的一部分、中華人民共和國政府是中國的唯一合法政府。中國政府在實行和平統一方針的同時始終表明，以何種方式解決臺灣問題是中國的內政，并無義務承諾放棄使用武力。

The declaration by the Chinese government to implement the policy of peaceful reunification was based on the prerequisite that the then Taiwan authorities insisted that there is only on China in the world and that Taiwan is a part of China.At the same time, the Chinese government took into consideration the fact that the US government recognized that there is only one China in the world, that Taiwan is a part of China and that the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the only legitimate government of China.While implementing the policy of peaceful reunification, the Chinese government has all along made it clear that it is an internal affair of China to decide on what method to use to resolve the Taiwan issue and that we have no obligation to commit ourselves to rule out the use of force.2001.3 據調查，我國有40 ％的青少年除了課本外不看其他書籍。對此，我感到極為震驚。雖然有關人士聲稱調查具有科學性，我仍不敢相信。不過盡管懷疑，事實卻是，越來越多的年輕人在業余時間已不再讀書，而是看電視、跳舞、打電子游戲機，或者“侃大山”。高爾基說過：“書籍是人類進步的階梯。”眾所周知，書籍是人類智慧的結晶。盡管現代傳媒（如電視、計算機）在信息的傳播速度上有許多優勢，但到目前為止，還沒有哪一種在傳播知識的深度方面能取代書籍。

According to a survey, about 40% of our country's youth do not read any books other than their textbooks.I am shocked at the result.I remain suspicious of the survey, though the people concerned claim it to be scientific.Despite my suspicion, the fact is that more and more young people, instead of reading, spend their spare time watching TV, going to dance parties, playing video games or chitchatting.Gorgy once said: “Books are steps toward human progress.”As we all know, books is a crystallization of human wisdom.Although modern media such as TV and computers enjoy advantages in the speed of information dissemination, so far none of them can replace books in respect of the depth of knowledge being spread.2001.9 本屆會議將圍繞“新世紀、新挑戰：參與、合作、促進共同繁榮”的主題，審議5 個方面的議題，以期促進亞太地區和全球經貿的發展。

今年的APEC 會議將主要側重兩個方面：一是加強APEC 成員之間的合作，共同應對可能出現的經濟衰退，重樹信心；二是繼續推進APEC 貿易投資自由化進程，推動WTO盡早開始新一輪談判。

This year's meeting will, centering round the theme of “Meeting new challenges in the new century: achieving common prosperity through participation and cooperation, review the agenda covering 5 areas with a view to promoting the economic and trade development in the Asia-Pacific region and the world at large.This year's APEC meeting will focus on 2 key missions: one is to strengthen the cooperation among APEC members in dealing with a possible economic slowdown to build up new confidence;the other is to continue to advance the process of APEC trade and investment liberalization and facilitation and urge the WTO to initiate a new round talks as soon as possible.2002.3 我總以為，在中國效率最高的會議要數學校召集的家長會。家長會完全符合 廉政建設”的要求，與會的家長絕不會像參加行業、單位的一些會議，先看看會議地點是不是設在風景旅游區，會后發不發紀念品之類，然后方決定是否參加。其他會議都難得準時，惟有家長會絕對正點召開。在家長會上，家長們個個全神貫注地傾聽、記錄，生怕漏 一點內容。不少會議都可列入可開可不開之列，但對于學校和家長而言，家長會則是必不可少的。I always believe that the most efficient meeting in China is the parents' meeting called by the school.The parents' meeting, is in full conformity with the requirements for the “building of an honest and clean government”.With respect to meetings organized by a certain trade or the unit where one works, the person wants to know whether the venue of a meeting is in a scenic area frequented by tourists and whether gifts of souvenirs will be handed out after the meeting before he decides whether to go or not to go.But for the parents' meeting, nobody will ever think of that.While other meetings are rarely convened on time, the parents' meeting invariably starts with punctuality.At the parents' meeting, every parent listens and takes notes with rapt attention lest he or she might miss anything.For many meetings,it does not really matter whether they are to be held or not, but to the school and the parents, the parents' meeting is absolutely necessary.2002.9 到2007 年，上海市人均國內生產總值預計將達到7500 美元。這一目標的實現，最直接的應該是老百姓住得更寬敞、更舒適了。因為從市民的“衣、食、住、行”消費來講，住房是一個重要因素，而且占了大頭。屆時，上海人均住房面積將會大幅增加。除此之外，老百姓的服務性消費，如教育、信息、旅游等消費 會大量增長。用一句話來表述，那便是未來老百姓的生活會更好，那時老百姓的生活將和中等發達國家的居民一樣。

The per capita GDP in Shanghai is expected to reach US $7500 by 2007.The common people should benefit most directly from the attainment of this goal.They will live more comfortably in bigger space.Among the basic necessities of life food, clothing,shelter and transportation housing is an important element, accounting for a big portion in the money they spend.In 2007, the average per capita living space in Shanghai will increase by a big margin.In addition,the common people's spending on such services as education, information and traveling will grow substantially.To put it in a nutshell, in the future the common people will live a better life,a life of the same standard as enjoyed by those in the middle-ranking developed countries.2004.3 中華民族歷來珍惜和平。中國的崛起，是和平的崛起，是依靠自己力量來發展自己。中外關系中，我們一貫主張以鄰為伴、與人為善，同各國發展友好合作關系。

中國現在是、今后相當長時間內仍將是一個發展中國家。中國有13億人口，這是最大的國情。中國國內生產總值已居全球第六位，但人均水平卻排在第138位。我們還面臨不容忽視的失業、貧困和發展不平衡等問題。中國要趕上發達國家，還需要幾代人、十幾代人的艱辛努力。

Chinese nation has always cherished peace.China’s rise, an achievement we accomplished by our own efforts, symbolizes that peace has risen to the dominating position.In getting along with the foreign countries, we consistently adopted the policy of making partnership and being friendly to the neighboring countries with an aim to seek a friendly cooperation with them.China is and will continue, in a quite long time, to be a developing country.China has a population of 1.3 billion, which is the most prominent part in our national conditions.It is then no doubt that China ranks 138th per capita while its GDP totals 6th globally.We are now still facing such serious problems as unemployment, poverty, and unbalanced regional development.To catch up with the developed countries, several, even dozens of generation’s efforts are still expected.2004.9 本公司成立于1988年。經過不斷發展，目前公司下屬全資專業從事工程施工的單位有 4家，公司參股的企業有3家。公司擁有一大批技術人員和管理人員，其中有中高級專業職 稱的占65％。雄厚的技術力量和科學的管理為公司的健康發展奠定了堅實的基礎。不斷深化的社會主義市場經濟為公司的生存和發展提供了更大的機遇和空間。近年 來，公司先 參與承建了一大批上海市重大工程，為建設國際大都市作出了應有的貢獻。

Our company was established /set up in 1988.Through years of continuous development, it currently has 4 wholly-owned enterprises specializing in engineering and construction and 3 enterprises in which it holds equity interests.Our company has a large number of technical and managerial personnel.Among them 65% hold intermediate and senior professional titles.The strong technical force and scientific management have laid a solid foundation for the healthy development of the company.http://www.tmdps.cn/ An ever-growing socialist market economy has provided a bigger opportunity and space for the existence/survival and expansion /development of our company.In recent years/over the years，we have participated in /undertaken the construction of a large number of major projects in shanghai, making our contribution in shaping /building shanghai into an international metropolis.2005.3 有人把香港說成是“文化沙漠”。實際上，香港有著其獨特的文化氛圍。在 電影制作方面，香港名列世界前茅，其流行歌曲在全球華人中有著廣泛的影響，而且還有8所知名的大學。

這座城市特殊的歷史和地理因素造就了一種多樣化的文化。每年一度由政府 主辦的藝術嘉年華為當地藝術家展示其獨創性提供了一個廣闊的平臺，并鼓勵更 多人參與文化藝術創作，為中國的文華繁榮作出了許多創新和突破。

2005.9 中國有句古話：“相知無遠近，萬里尚為鄰”。中國與亞洲各國山水相連，共同鑄就了燦爛的亞洲文明；古老而美麗的“絲綢之路”，譜寫了中歐千年往來 的美好篇章。中國與亞歐各國的互利合作正在步入一個全新的階段。中國已成為 亞歐和世界經濟發展中的積極力量，我們堅定走和平發展的道路，致力于同亞 歐各國發展富有活力和長期穩定的全面合作關系，與亞歐各國相互支持，攜手前 進，共創美好的未來。

In China, there is an old saying which goes like this, “Long distance never separates close friends.” A ready link connecting this country and many other ones, like the Silk Road, in Asia and Europe helps a lot in bringing about the splendid civilization in Asia and the frequent exchanges and communication between China and the Continent in the past years.Now, we are going a step further in our cooperation based on mutual benefits, enjoying a brand-new bilateral relation.China, a devoted part in promoting the economic development in the 2 continents, will keep her track on the road of peace and development.A corresponding effort made by this country in building a dynamic and long-term cooperation in all fields across Asia and Europe, together with all the other efforts from the 2 continents, will definitely contribute a big part in making the bright future.

第三篇：新東方中高級口譯口試詞匯必備文本

第一章 社會

SECTION Ⅰ： 英譯中 A abortion 人工流產、墮胎 abuse of power 濫用職權 academic society 學術社團 altruism 利他主義、利他

an aging population 人口老齡化 asylum 庇護 B

D

demography, larithmics人口學、人口統計學 size 數量

growth 增長情況 density 密度 distribution 分布

social demography 社會人口學 economic demography 經濟人口學 DINK 丁克一族 discrimination 歧視

benevolent 樂善好施的

a benevolent fund 施善基金

a charitable foundation 慈善基金

eleemosynary relief施舍性的救濟

philanthropic contributions慈善捐獻

bigamy重婚

birth rate 人口出生率

burglar-proof door/antitheft door 防盜門

C

casuistry 判斷是非

chain effect/domino effect 連鎖反應、多米諾骨牌效應

charitable 慈善的、仁慈的 civic morality 社會公德

community 社區

community service 社區服務

corruption 貪污

court of ethics 道德法庭

crime 犯罪

arson縱火、縱火罪

crimes committed by Mafia-like gangs 黑惡勢力犯罪

drug rehabilitation centers戒毒所

drug traffickers 毒梟

drug-related crimes 毒品犯罪

embezzlement 盜用公款

juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪

organized crime 有組織犯罪

robbery 搶劫

sexual harassment 性騷擾

shop-lifting在商店行竊

smuggling 走私

theft 偷竊行為

age discrimination 年齡歧視

discrimination against women 歧視婦女 feminism 男女平等主義、女權運動 feminist movement 女權運動

femininity 婦女特質、柔弱型、溫柔 gender/sexual discrimination 性別歧視 job discrimination 工作歧視

male chauvinism 大男子主義、男權主義思想masculinity 男性陽剛之氣 disparity 不一致、不同、不等 drug abuse 吸毒 E

egalitarian 主張人人平等的、平等主義 emotion quotient 情商 F

forum 論壇

favorable location 地理優勢 family 家庭

immediate family 直接家庭成員

extended family 大家庭、擴大的家庭 family tree 家譜、家譜圖 relative 親屬、親戚 foster father 養父

legal guardian 法定監護人 stepmother 繼母 in-law 姻親

ex-husband 前夫

adopted daughter 養女 nephew 侄子、外甥 niece 侄女、外甥女

cousin 堂兄弟姊妹、表兄弟姊妹

G gambling 賭博

gay 同性戀者、同性戀者的 grant-in-aid 補助金、贈款 geographic location 地理位置 geographic advantage 地理優勢 grey income 灰色收入 H hardened professional慣犯

have an extramarital affair/ have an ultra-marriage affairs 婚外戀

fine 罰款 jury 陪審團 juror 陪審員

life sentence 判處無期徒刑 notary 公證人 notarization 公證 M

make public expose 曝光

material/spiritual culture 物質、精神文化 minimum wage 最低工資

hedonism 享樂主義

home for the aged/ seniors? home 敬老院

I

illiteracy 文盲

income disparity 收入分化、貧富分化

infant mortality 嬰兒死亡率

IPR/ intellectual property rights 知識產權

piracy 非法翻印、盜版

bootleg 盜版

copyright royalty 版稅、版權費

fight against illegal publication 打非

underground publications 地下出版物

anti-fake label 防偽標識

L

law of the jungle 弱肉強食法則

lawsuit 訴訟

lawyer 律師

attorney 律師

appeal to a higher court 上訴

charge 控告

drop a lawsuit 撤銷控告

court of appeals 上訴法庭

solicitor 初級律師，只能在低級法庭出庭的律師

suspect 犯罪嫌疑人

defendant 被告

plaintiff 起訴人、原告

capital punishment 死刑

guilty 有罪

verdict 裁決、判決書

serve one?s term in prison 服刑

bail 保釋

money worship 拜金主義 morality 道德 P

Pandora?s box潘多拉魔盒 pluralism 多元文化論

polarization of rich and poor 貧富懸殊 popularity rate 普及率 poverty alleviation 扶貧

poverty relief office 扶貧辦公室 R

racism 種族主義

acculturation 文化適應

assimilation 同化、同化作用

anti-racism education 反種族主義教育 colonialism 殖民主義 ethnic cleansing種族清理

ethnic group 同種、同文化之民族 ethnocentrism 民族優越感 race 人種

stereotype 成見

genocide 有計劃的滅種和屠殺 anti-Semite反猶分子、反猶分子的 racial discrimination 種族歧視 bias 偏見

reinstatement 復員、復職 S

sabotage 陰謀破壞、怠工、破壞 single-parent family 單親家庭 social evils 社會丑惡現象 social welfare 社會福利 food stamps 食品救濟券

foreign aid 外援

medicaid 醫療補助

medicare and medicaid醫保（保健醫療制度和醫療補助制度）

social security 社會保障

U

urban legend 都市傳奇

V

values 價值觀

vicious circle 惡性循環

virtuous circle 良性循環

保持國民經濟發展的良好勢頭

maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy

暴發戶 new rich;upstart

保護傘 protective umbrella

本命年 one's year of birth considered in relation to the Twelve Terrestrial Branches；

本土化localization

奔小康 strive for a relatively comfortable life

本本主義 bookishness

閉門羹 given a cold shoulder

views on life 人生觀

W

way of life/ life style 生活方式

SECTION Ⅱ： 中譯英 8

愛國運動 patriotic movement

AA制 Dutch treatment/ go Dutch

A 股市場 A-share market

愛國民主人士 patriotic democratic personages

愛國統一戰線 patriotic united front

安家費 settling-in allowance

暗箱操作 black case work

按資排輩 to assign priority according to seniority

保證婦女、未成年人和殘疾人的合法權益

protect legitimate rights and interest of women, minors and the handicapped

白熱化 be white-hot

拜把兄弟 sworn brothers

擺架子 put on airs

白馬王子 prince charming

拜年 pay new year?s call

擺譜 put on airs/ show off/ keep up appearance

班車 shuttle bus

斑馬線 zebra stripe

搬遷戶 a relocated unit or household

半托/日托 daycare

半脫產 a partial sabbatical from work就是一邊學習，一邊工作。

搬運工人 transport worker

幫倒忙 trying to help but causing more trouble in the process

傍大款A girl finds a sugar daddy;be a mistress for a rich man;lean on a moneybags

包車 to charter a vehicle;a chartered vehicle 避稅 evade tax

避嫌 avoid doing anything that may arouse suspicion 便當 fast food

博彩、博彩業 lottery industry

薄利多銷 small profits but quick returns;small profits and good sales 殘疾人 the disabled;the differently abled 成年 grow up;come of age 城市居民 city dweller;urbanite

大齡青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age 單親 single parent 抵制運動 boycott

吊銷執照 revoke license

獨生子女 the only child in one?s family

分工協作 coordination and distribution of responsibilities 福利彩票 welfare lotteries

公民、市民 citizen;city resident 戶口簿 resident?s booklet

紀念活動 commemorative activity

家政服務 household management service 結婚 get married 離婚 divorce 再婚remarry

居委會 neighborhood committee;residence committee 流動人口 transient population 民工 migrant labor 名人celebrity

謀生 make a living

農村剩余勞動力 surplus rural labor 派出所 local police station

貧富分化 polarization of wealth 乞丐 beggar

棄嬰 abandoned child;foundling 青春期 puberty 青少年時代 adolescence 全國人口普查 nationwide census 全民健身運動 nationwide fitness campaign 人口素質 quality of population 日常活動 daily activities 日常生活 daily life;everyday life 掃黃運動 anti-porn drive/campaign 社會保險 social insurance

人口自然增長 natural growth of the population 人口負增長 negative population growth 人口零增長zero population growth 生育 natality

計劃生育 family planning

優生優育 better natal and prenatal care and better upbringing 生育能力 fertility

無生育力 infertile;barren;sterile 優生學 eugenics

人才 talent;talented person 社會地位 social status

社會福利彩票 social welfare lotteries

社會穩定 social stability

社交 socialize

社交活動 social activities

滲透、顛覆和分裂活動 infiltrative, subversive and splittist activities

生活津貼 allowance for living expenses ??

生活困難 be badly off

生活條件 living conditions

適者生存 survival of the fittest

壽命 life span

水貨 smuggled goods

送溫暖工程 heart-warming project

提高思想道德素質 upgrade the ideological and ethical standards

體力勞動 physical labor;manual work

體育彩票 sports lotteries

同胞 compatriot

文明祥和 civility and harmony

務工農民 migrant rural workers

希望工程 Hope Project

選民 voter;electorate

嚴重暴力犯罪 violent crimes

移民 immigrant

優秀傳統 fine tradition

暫住證 temporary residence permit

職稱 professional title

人口 population

人口控制 population control

人口質量 population quality

人口密度 population density

人口結構 population composition 人才庫 talent bank;brain bank 人才交流talent exchange 人才流動talent flow 人才市場 talent market 人才流失 brain bleed 人才外流brain drain

人才斷層 gap in talents ???

歷史上的社會制度 social systems in history 25：23 史學 science of history 原始社會 primitive society 母系社會 matriarchal society 父系社會 patriarchal society 奴隸社會 slave society 封建社會 feudal society

資本主義社會 capitalist society 社會主義社會 socialist society 共產主義社會 communist society 社會制度 social systems 君主制monarchy

議會制 parliamentarism

民主集中制 democratic centralism 所有制 system of ownership 公有制 public ownership 私有制 private ownership

全民所有制 ownership by the whole people 集體所有制 collective ownership

中國歷史上的一些重大事件 major events in Chinese history

秦始皇統一中國 unification of the country by Emperor Qin Shi Huang 鴉片戰爭 Opium War

太平天國 Tianping Heavenly Kingdom 戊戌變法 the reform movement of 1898

辛亥革命 the 1911 revolution

新民主主義革命 new democratic revolution

五四運動 the May 4th of 1919

南昌起義 Nanchang Uprising

9.18事變 September 18th incident

長征 Long March

西安事變 Xi?an Incident

盧溝橋事變 Lugouqiao Incident

南京大屠殺 Nanking massacre1937

抗日戰爭 war of resistance against Japan

authorization bill授權書 B

bad loans不良貸款 banking銀行業

bankruptcy protection破產保護 boom迅速發展 brand names品牌 budget預算

budget deficit預算赤字 budget surplus預算盈余

解放戰爭 Chinese people?s war of liberation

土地改革 land reform;Agrarian reform

整風運動 rectification movement

大躍進 the Great Leap Forward

文化大革命 the cultural revolution

十一屆三中全會 the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee

CHAPTER 2 REFORM & ECONOMY經濟與改革

SECTION Ⅰ： 英譯中15

A

a prudent monetary policy 穩健的貨幣政策

absolute advantage絕對優勢

accounting會計學、賬目清算、財會

accountant會計

accounting fraud作假帳

accounting scandal財務丑聞

financial statement財務報表

keep the public informed of the financial affairs財務公開

acquire購置、獲取、購買、取得所有權

acquisition of assets購置資產

active balance順差

aggregate demand 總需求

aggregate supply 總供給

allocation of financial resources金融資源配置

ample supply 供應充裕

an average annual increase/ annual return年均利潤

anti-dumping measures 反傾銷措施

areas for the market access市場準入領域

asset資產

associate company 聯營公司

autarky 自給自足、經濟獨立

budgetary items預算項目 business cycle商業周期 business fraud商業欺詐

business mechanism創業機制

business prototype商業原型、商業模型 C

capital 資本、資金、資產 capital flow資金流量 cash bonuses現金獎勵 cash flow 現金流量 cashier's check 本票

certificated public accountant注冊會計師 commerce clause 商業條款 commercialization 商品化 commodity商品

common law習慣法、不成文法 company公司

corporate 公司、企業

conglomerate company集團企業、跨行業大企業firm公司，尤指合股合伙公司 enterprise企業、公司、事業 business 工商企業、商務業務

establishment公司、企業、商業機構 house 商業機構、出版公司 outfit 企業、商業組織 venture企業

comparative advantage相對優勢

competition and comparison競爭比較 competition mechanism競爭機制 competition競爭 contract 合同

consumer?s association消費者協會 consumer confidence消費者信心 consumer expectations消費預期 conventional industries傳統產業 core competitiveness核心競爭力 cost 成本

cost effectiveness成本效應 cutting edge優勢 D dealer經銷商

emerging market新興市場

employment insurance就業保險金

annexation and reorganization of enterprises企業兼并重組 corporate/ entrepreneurial culture企業文化 corporate/ enterprise image企業形象 cross-national corporation跨國公司

enterprising spirit;pioneering spirit創業精神 entrepreneur企業家

entrepreneurship企業家身份

foreign capital enterprise外資企業

deflation通貨緊縮

deposit定金、保證金

deprecation 貶值

depression蕭條、經濟不景氣的一段時間

duate 貶值

discount rate貼現率

distribution 流通分配

diversification of investment投資多元化

double, triple, quadruple兩倍、三倍、四倍

E

economic globalization 經濟全球化

economic growth經濟增長

economic leverage經濟杠桿作用

economic regulation經濟調節

economic returns經濟回報、經濟效應

economics經濟學

economic ills經濟弊病

effective corporate management有效的公司管理

loose and tight management張弛有度的 PR（the public relation）公關

risk management風險管理

transparency management透明管理

the two-tier management system雙層管理體制

top-down management自上而下的管理模式

make one?s own management decisions自主經營

managerial and technical staff管理技術人員

managerial expertise管理知識

elasticity彈性、可塑性、靈活度

electronic dealing電子交易

electronic business電子商務

elite精英

foreign invested venture外資企業 individual initiative個人主動性 initial capital 啟動資金

listing of a company 企業上市 multinational corporation跨國公司 team spirit團隊精神 transformation轉型

transnational corporation跨國公司 registered capital注冊資本

overseas funded enterprises外資企業 F

fair competition公平競爭 federation 聯邦

financial fraud金融欺詐 financial crisis金融危機 financial market金融市場 bullion market金銀買賣市場 cash market現金市場 debt market債務市場 discount market貼現市場 equity market股本市場

foreign exchange and derivatives market外匯及衍生產品市場foreign exchange market外匯市場 global financial system全球金融體系 insurance market保險市場 securities market證券市場 fiscal 財政的

fiscal and monetary levers財經和貨幣杠桿 fiscal budget財政預算

fiscal policy財經政策、財務方針 fiscal year 財政

fiscal lever財政杠桿 fiscal levy財政稅收

financial deficit財政赤字 fiscal revenue財政收入 national revenue財政收入 fixed assets固定資產

fund capital/venture capital 資金、資本、風險資金 future market 期貨市場 G generate profit創利

equipment manufacturing industry裝備制造業 heavy industry重工業

information industry信息產業

knowledge-intensive industry知識密集性產業 light industry輕工業 lottery industry博彩業

manufacturing industry制造業 monopoly industries壟斷行業 rubber industry橡膠工業 secondary industry第二產業

GNP at factor cost按成本要素計算的國內生產總值

go public上市

go to chapter 11申請破產保護

go under倒閉

government spending政府開支

grey income灰色收入

Great Depression 大蕭條

Gross domestic product 國內生產總值

Gross national product 國民生產總值

H

head-hunter 獵頭公司

hedge保護、防御手段

hedge fund對沖基金

high return高收益、高回報

holiday economy假日經濟

human capital 人力資本

hyper-inflation惡性通貨膨脹

I

immediate yield直接匯報

incentive動力

industry工業、產業、行業

advertising industry廣告業

aerospace industry 航空和航天工業

aircraft industry飛機制造工業

basic industry基礎工業、重工業

book industry圖書出版業

brewing industry啤酒釀造工業、釀制工業

capital-and-technology-intensive industries資金技術密集型產業

car industry汽車制造工業

electronic industry電子工業

entertainment industry娛樂業

service industry developing in all areas 服務業全面發展 textile industry紡織行業 tertiary industry第三產業 tourist industry旅游業 industrialization 工業化 infrastructure基礎設施 interest cut降息

interest group利益集團 interest rate 利率

international competitiveness 國際競爭力 international settlement國際結算 J

joint effort共同努力 joint venture合資企業 joint stock system股份制 K

Keynes 凱恩斯

Keynesian theory凱恩斯經濟理論 L

labor 勞動力

labor intensive industries勞動密集型產業 late charge 滯納金 leasing 出租業務 legal person法人

legitimacy合理性、合法性

legitimate rights and interests正當權益 liability of fault過失責任

limited liability corporation有限責任公司 listed companies上市公司 logistics物流 M

M&A Macroeconomic control 宏觀調控 Macroeconomics宏觀經濟學

make ends meet收支平衡、日子過得去 marginal return邊際報酬 market市場

market diversification市場多元化 market economy市場經濟

market intelligence 市場情報、市場調查 market saturation市場飽和

patent專利

patent grant專利許可 patent law專利法規 pension退休金、養老金

per capita GDP人均國內生產總值 per capita income 人均收入 performance業績

plunge;dip;down 猛跌、小跌、下跌 portfolio一組投資 positioning定位

market share市場占有率、市場份額

market supervision 市場監管

marketization市場化

market-oriented employment mechanisms市場導向的就業機制

mass production批量生產

mechanism機制

merger合并

merger and bankruptcy兼并破產

merit價值

microeconomics微觀經濟學

modern market economy現代市場經濟

monetary貨幣的

European monetary integration歐洲貨幣一體化

convertible currency可兌換貨幣

monetary lever貨幣杠桿

monetary policy 貨幣政策

monetization貨幣化

withdrawal of currency from circulation貨幣回籠

monopoly壟斷

multi-functionality多功能性

multi-lateral trade negotiation多邊貿易談判

O

old age pension養老保險制度

oligarchy寡頭政治、寡頭政治的執政團

oligopoly求過于供的市場情況

on-the-job training 崗位培訓

opportunity cost機會成本

optimize優化

overheating過熱

P

paragon模范、典范

potential market潛在市場

practical productive forces現實生產力 primary productive forces第一生產力

printing and packaging business 包裝印刷業 private enterprise私營企業 private property私人財產 private sector私營部分 privatization私有化 produce農產品 productivity生產力 profit利潤

promotion促銷 propaganda宣傳

proprietary intellectual property rights自主知識產權protectionism保護主義 public sector公共部門 public services公共服務 purchasing power購買力 Q

quality control質檢 R

raffle 抽獎售貨

real economy實體經濟 recession 衰退、不景氣 regime政權、機制 rent 租金

regional protectionism地方保護主義 resources資源

restructure改組、重組 retail gap零售空間 S

saturation;be saturated n./ adj.飽和 sales volume n.銷售額 satellite town n.衛星城 savings n.儲蓄

scale operation n.規模經營 scarcity n.缺乏 securities n.證券

stock , bond, securities 股票，債券，證券

securities, options and futures 證券、期權及期貨 A share A股

speculative ad,j.投機性的 stabilize prices v.穩定物價

start / build… from scratch v.從零開始； 白手起家 storage and transport n.儲運

strategic planning n.戰略部署，戰略計劃 strong（currency）adj.（貨幣）堅挺 strong demand n.需求強勁 subsidy n.補助金，津貼 sunrise industry n.朝陽產業 sunset industry n.夕陽產業

B share B 股

bear market 熊市

bull market 牛市

China's Securities Regulatory Commission（csrc）中國證監會

joint stock company 參股公司

long-term government bonds 長期國債

long-term treasury bonds for construction 長期建設國債

rally 反彈，股市價格和成交額在下跌后顯著的上升

the Dow Jones industrial average 道瓊斯工業指數

the Nasdaq composite index 納斯達克綜合指數

the Nikkei average 日京指數

s & p（Standard and Poor's composite Index））標準普爾指數

London SE（stock exchange）倫敦證券交易所

New York se 紐約證券交易所

Shanghai se 上海證券交易所

Shenzhen se 深圳證券交易所

seeking financing by listing on the stock market 上市融資

securities investment 證券投資

state stock reduction;reduce state's stake in listed companies 國有股減持

state-held shares 國有股

stock index 股票指數

stock option 股票期權

treasury bonds（t-bonds）國庫券

the securities and futures ordinance（sfo）證券及期貨條例

separation of powers n.權利分離

SEC（securities and exchange commission）（美）證券交易委員會

slump n./v.（經濟）衰退，滑坡

soar / surge / climb n./v.（價格）上漲

soho（small office;home office）soho一族（小型辦公室和家庭辦公室）

solvency [ ] n.償付能力

sources of investment n.投資主體

supply n.供給

supply side economics n.供方經濟學 T-hour service n.全天候服務 tangible benefits n.實惠

technology-intensive product n.技術密集產品 tender-invitation n.招商

the distribution（allocation）of resources n.資源配置 the economic structure n.經濟結構 the industrial structure n.產業結構

the macro-control system n.宏觀調控體系 the market system n.市場體系 the open economy n.開放型經濟

the order of the market economy n.市場經濟秩序 the potentially largest market潛在的最大市場 the world trade organization世貿組織 trade n./v.貿易

ASEAN（Association of South-East Asian Nations）東南亞國家聯盟ASEAN Free Trade Area 東盟自由貿易區 EU（European Union）歐盟

chamber of import and export trade 進出口商會 diary product 奶制品

durable consumer goods, consumer durables 耐用消費品 FMCG（fast-moving consumer goods）快速消費品 grassland farming 牧業 horticultural product 園藝品 ice-free harbor 不凍港

L/C（letter of credit）信用證 lamb 羊羔

milk powder奶粉 mutton 羊肉

produce 農產品

protectionism 保護主義 quotation of prices 報價單 retail market 零售市場

sea and air shipping service 海上和空中運輸服務 single-product export country 單一產品出口國 steel 鋼鐵

the most competitive products 拳頭產品 timber 木材

timber product 木器

SECTION Ⅱ： 中譯英30

按勞分配 distribution according to one?s performance 按資排輩 to assign priority according to seniority 保稅區bounded zone

奔小康 strive for relatively comfortable life 博鰲亞洲論壇Boao Forum for Asia 不良貸款 bad loans

產品本土化 product localization 產業不景氣 industrial depression

產業的升級換代 upgrading of industries trade balance 貿易平衡

trade bloc 貿易集團（如：歐盟）

trade conflicts 貿易沖突

trade in commodities and services 商品和服務貿易

trade monopolies and regional blockades 行業壟斷和地區封鎖

trade sanction 貿易制裁

trade deficit（surplus）貿易逆差 / 順差

trade volume 貿易額

wholesale market 批發市場

wool export 羊毛出口

traditional industries n.傳統產業

transaction n.交易

triple n./v./adj.增長兩倍

turnover n.銷售額

TV shots n.電視廣告

TQC（Total Quality Control）n.全面質量管理

U

unemployment insurance失業保險

unemployment rate失業率

urban economics城市經濟學

utility設施

V

venture capital風險資金

veto 否決

vicious circle惡性循環

Virtual Economy虛擬經濟

virtuous circle良性循環

W

welfare state福利國家

work force職工總數、勞動力

world multi-polarization世界多極化

產業格局 industrial pattern

產業結構升級 upgrading of an industrial structure 超負荷運轉 overloaded operation 承包責任制 the contract responsibility 城市經濟學 urban economics

城鄉居民收入 income of urban and rural residents 城鎮化 urbanization

城鎮居民可支配收入 urban per capita disposable income 持續快速健康發展 sustained, rapid and sound development 充足的發展空間 ample room for development 重復生產 duplication of production 出口加工區 export processing zone

出口商品和服務 goods and services for export 儲運 storage and transport 傳統產業 traditional industries

傳銷 pyramid sales;multi-level marketing 創業機制business mechanism

刺激經濟活動 stimulate economic activities 刺激有效需求 stimulate effective demand

促進全球經濟一體化 foster integration with the global economy 大幅度躍升 rise by a big margin 大開發 the large-scale development 帶動經濟增長 spur economic growth 獨資公司 exclusively-funded venture 翻兩番 quadruple

繁榮與穩定 prosperity and stability

非公有制經濟 non-public sectors of the economy 風險資金 venture capital 房地產 real estate 首付 down-payment 業主 home owner

房產權威部門 housing authority

住房貸款 housing loan

房屋空置率 housing vacancy rate

個人購房貸款 individual housing loan

按揭 mortgage

物業 property management

房地產開發商 real estate developer

未售出的存量房 stockpile of unsold houses

房契、產權 title

改革的力度 the momentum of reform

改組、重組 restructure

高新技術產業 high and new technology industries

個人消費貸款 individual consumption loan

個體、私營 self-employed or private enterprises

更具活力更加開放的經濟體系 a more open and viable economic system

工業園區 industrial park

公司法人責任制 the corporate legal person responsibility system

公投 referendum

公有制經濟 the public sector of the economy

股份制 joint-stock system

固定資產投資 investment in the fixed assets

國際信托投資 international trust and investment

國民經濟 the national economy

國民經濟的支柱 pillar of the national economy

國民經濟命脈 the lifeline of the national economy

國有經濟的布局和結構 layout and structure of the state sector

國有企業 state-owned enterprises（SOE）

國有企業改革和發展 the reform and development of state-owned enterprises

合法經營 lawful business operations

黑市 black market

基礎設施 infrastructure

減員增效downsize staffs and improve efficiency

節約的，經濟的economical

經濟弊病economic ills

經濟帶economic belts

經濟發展的良好勢頭a good momentum of economic growth

經濟杠桿作用economic leverage

經濟結構戰略性調整strategic adjustment of the economic structure

經濟全球化 economic globalization

經濟特區 special economic zones（SEZ）

經濟文化交流 economic and cultural exchanges

經濟效益好 good economic returns

經濟增長 economic growth

經濟總量 economic aggregate

可持續發展 sustainable development

跨越式發展 leapfrog development

擴大內需 expand domestic demand

拉動經濟增長 fuel economic growth

勞動力 labor

勞務輸出 export of labor services

兩岸經濟合作 cross-straits economic cooperation

民營科技企業 non-public scientific and technological enterprises

南北差距 the north-south gap

農村富余勞動力 surplus rural labor

農業的市場競爭力 competitiveness of agriculture in the market

泡沫經濟bubble economy

貧富懸殊 income disparity

貧困地區 impoverished areas

貧困人口 impoverished people

瓶頸制約 bottleneck restrictions

取得領先地位 assume leadership

取締非法收入 outlaw illegal gains

人民幣非常堅挺 the RMB is very strong/ firm

三資企業（中外合資企業、中外合作企業、外商獨資企業）

Sino-foreign joint ventures, cooperative businesses and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises in China

社會經濟穩定 social and economic stability

社會就業比較充分a higher rate of employment

社會生產落后 the backwardness of social production

社會主義市場經濟 socialist market economy

社會主義現代化建設 socialist modernization

深化國有企業改革to deepen SOE（state-owned enterprises）reform

生活富裕 an affluent life

世界經濟波動world economic fluctuations

市場經濟秩序 the order of the market economy

市政工程 municipal works;public works

試點工程、試點項目 pilot project

收入懸殊 excessive disparity in income

私營部分 private sector

私營企業 private enterprise

商業銀行 commercial banks 建設銀行 construction bank 工商銀行 industrial & commercial bank 中國銀行 bank of China 農業銀行 agricultural bank 交通銀行bank of communications 招商銀行 merchants bank 稅收taxation 農業稅 agricultural tax 保稅區 bonded area 消費稅 consumption tax 個人所得稅 personal income tax 財產稅 property tax 保護關稅 protective duty/tariff 歲入稅；關稅收入revenue tax 營業稅 sales tax 關稅 tariff 逃稅、漏稅 tax evasion 免稅期 tax holiday 納稅人 tax payer 稅收政策 tax policy 稅收減除 tax relief 脫貧致富shake off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity 拓寬消費領域expand the scope of consumption 投資 investment 投資地點investment destination 投資環境investment environment 投資機構investment institutions 投資熱investment fever 投資者investor 投資政策investment policy W 外商直接投資foreign direct investment 外向型經濟outward-looking economy 外資企業overseas-funded enterprises;foreign-funded company 完善的社會主義市場經濟體制full-fledged socialist market economy 溫飽 having only adequate food and clothing 穩定物價 stabilize prices 穩健的貨幣政策the sound monetary policy 外匯 foreign exchange 外匯儲備 reign exchange reserves 外匯管理局 SAFE（State Administration of Foreign Exchange）

外匯管制 foreign exchange control

外匯匯率 foreign exchange rate

外商直接投資 direct foreign investment

X

西部地區China's western region

西部大開發 the large-scale development of China?s western region

下崗失業人員再就業reemploy laid-off workers

消費需求的不足insufficient consumer spending

消費者權益日 International Day for Consumers' Rights and Interests

國際交流和合作international exchanges and cooperation

新的經濟增長點new growth areas in the economy

需求疲軟weak demand

Y

亞洲金融危機the Asian financial crisis

衣食住用行food, clothing, housing, transport and daily necessities

優化消費結構optimize the consumption structure

Z

招商inviting tenders;leasing

振興裝備制造業revival of the equipment manufacturing industry

政府資助項目government-sponsored programs

質檢QC（quality check）

中部地區the central region

中長期國外投資medium-and long-term foreign investment

中國出口商品交易會（廣交會）China Export Commodities Fair（Guangzhou Fair）

中國加入世貿組織China's entry into the WTO

中國購物中心論壇 China Shopping Center Forum

中國電信 China Telecom

中國聯通 China Unicom

中國移動 China Mobile

中信（中國國際信托投資公司）Citic group

中央銀行 the Central Bank / PBOC

專賣店 exclusive agency;franchised store

資源消耗低low resources consumption

資源優化配置 optimize resource allocation

自負盈虧responsible for one's own profits and losses

自給自足autarky

自由貿易free trade

自由貿易區free trade zone

自由職業人員free-lance professionals

重點項目 key project

國家重點工程national key projects

南水北調 South-to-North water diversion

西電東送 West-East electricity transmission project

西氣東輸 West-East natural gas transmission project

第三章 文化，藝術，娛樂

Section I 英譯中

音樂

aria n.獨唱曲，詠嘆調

background music n.背景音樂

band n.樂隊

baritone n.男中音

bass n.低音部，男低音，低音樂器

beat n.節奏，鼓點

brass n.銅管樂器，或銅管樂隊

Broadway musicals n.百老匯音樂劇

canon n.卡農，一種樂曲形式，其中同樣的旋律被一個或多個聲部重復，同一調或相關調彼此在時間上重合 chord n.和弦，和音

composer n.作家，作曲家

concerto n.協奏曲

conductor n.管弦樂隊、合唱隊指揮

contemporary music n.當代音樂

crescendo n.聲音漸增，漸強

decrescendo n.漸弱

dissonanc n.不諧和音，不一致

duet n.二重奏

finale n.（戲劇的）最后一場，結局，終曲，（電視劇）最后一集

flat n.[音]降半音

fox trot n.狐步舞，狐步舞曲

fugue n.[音]賦格曲

genre n.類型，流派

acid jazz 酸性爵士

alternative 另類（非主流）音樂，如gay music（同性戀音樂）

bluegrass 藍草音樂--起源于美國南方的民間音樂，特色為音樂輕快和象爵士樂那樣即興演奏

blues 布魯斯歌曲（藍調音樂）

Celtic 凱爾特音樂（尤指愛爾蘭風格）

classical 古典樂

country 鄉村音樂

dance 勁爆蹦迪音樂

easy listening輕音樂

electronica 電子音樂

environmental music 環境音樂

experimental 實驗音樂

folk 民族音樂

fusion 融合音樂

heavy metal / hard rock 重金屬搖滾

hip-hop / urban 嘻蹦樂，又譯嘻哈

house 電子樂的一種（注：Hip Hop或Rap源于紐約黑人區，House Music源于芝加哥，但多為白人所作，同時House Music主要為強調Bass Line及Drums的音樂花招，并不涉及文化覺醒或社會運動等主題。）

Indie-Rock獨立音樂（屬于另類音樂）

jazz 爵士樂

Jazz Blues 爵士布魯斯

Latin 拉丁樂

musicals 音樂劇

New Age 新時代樂風--以在某些樂器上寧靜的即興創作為特征的現代音樂，例如風琴、吉它或合成器。以夢幻般的悅耳音樂和民族器樂的樂風而聞名

Punk /New wave 朋克 / 新浪潮

R & B 節奏布魯斯

Rap 說唱

Reggae 雷鬼樂，一種風格獨特的牙買加音樂

Retro 懷舊音樂

Soft rock 慢搖滾

soul music（美國黑人）爵士靈歌，結合了福音唱詩以及節奏布魯斯音樂的特點

soundtrack 電影配樂

swing 搖擺樂，形成于1935年前后的一種流行舞蹈音樂，以爵士樂為基礎，但運用更簡單的和聲和節奏形式以及更大的管樂隊

Techno 強烈動感的電子音樂

Trance 非常Hi的電子舞曲，迷幻電子樂

gospel n.福音音樂

harmony n.[音]和弦，和聲，悅耳的聲音組合 hymn n.贊美詩，圣歌v.唱贊美歌

improvisation n.即席創作

lip synching v./n.對口型，假唱

lyrics n.抒情詩，歌詞

march n.[音] 進行曲

melody n.旋律

opera n.歌劇

opus n.作品

orchestra n.管弦樂隊

a large musical ensemble consisting of string, woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments

percussion n.打擊樂器，鼓點

polka n.波爾卡舞曲

pop music n.流行音樂，通俗音樂

quartet n.四重奏，四重唱

Renaissance n.文藝復興，有文藝復興時期的藝術風格的音樂

the period in Western Europe from 1400-1600;the style of music from this period

repertoire n.（準備好演出的）節目，保留劇目

an inventory of compositions mastered and performed by a musician or ensemble

Requiem Mass n.安魂曲

a Mass for the dead

rhumba n.（=rumba）倫巴舞蹈，倫巴樂曲

a ballroom dance based on the Afro Cuban rumba

rhythm n.節奏，韻律

rock n.搖滾樂

salsa n.薩爾薩舞曲，拉丁美洲一種流行舞曲

samba n.桑巴舞（一種源自非洲的巴西舞）

score n.樂譜

solo n.獨奏曲，獨唱

sonata n.[音]奏鳴曲

a multimovement composition for solo instrument, or instruments and keyboard accompaniment

soprano n.女高音

symphony n.交響樂，交響曲

tango n.探戈

an Argentinean dance in duple meter with long, gliding steps

tempo n.（音樂）速度、拍子，發展速度

the speed of the music, based on the beat

tenor n.[音] 男高音

a high pitched male voice

theme n.[音] 主題，主題曲，主旋律

theme and variations n.[音]主題與變奏

trio n.三重唱

vocal range n.音域

waltz n.華爾茲舞，華爾茲舞曲

SECTION II: 中譯英

2.1 中國文化

四大發明 the four great inventions of ancient China

[擴展]

火藥gunpowder

印刷術 printing

造紙術paper-making

指南針the compass

中國古代哲學家 Ancient Chinese Philosophers

孔子 Confucius

孟子Mencius

老子 Lao Tzu

莊子Chuang Tzu

墨子Mo Tzu

孫子Sun Tzu

（注：see attached for famous quotations of Ancient Chinese Philosophers 引言見附錄）

道Tao , “the way”，the principle of the workings of the universe

仁 humaneness（also mean: humanity, benevolence, goodness, virtue）

四書The Four Books

《大學 》The Great Learning

《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean

《論語》The Analects of Confucius

《孟子》The Mencius

書法五大書體five major styles of calligraphy

篆書 seal script / seal character

隸書 official script / clerical script

行書 running script / semi-cursive script

草書 cursive script

楷書 regular script / standard script

中國畫 traditional Chinese painting

水墨畫Chinese brush painting;ink and wash painting

工筆 traditional Chinese realistic painting

六藝： six classical arts

[擴展]

禮rites

樂music

射archery

御riding

書writing

數arithmetic

孫子兵法The Art of War

漢字 Chinese character

（漢字）筆畫 stroke

偏旁部首 radical

書寫體系 writing system

漢藏語系Sino-Tibetan

漢學家Sinologist / Sinologue

中國熱 Sinomania

同宗同源 of the same origin

華夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors

單音節 single syllable

漢語有 “合理的邏輯性” Chinese language is “soberly logical”（Edward Sapir, American linguist）

漢語四聲調the four tones of Chinese characters

level tone陽平

rising tone陰平

falling-rising tone上聲

falling tone去聲

武術 martial art

中國武術 Kung fu

武術門派 styles or schools of martial art

習武健身practice martial art for fitness

古代格斗術ancient form of combat

中國武術協會 Chinese Martial Art Association

武林高手top martial artist

氣功Qigong, deep breathing exercises

柔道 judo

空手道Karate

跆拳道tae kwon do

拳擊boxing

摔跤wrestling

擊劍fencing

仗劍走天涯walk the earth（with a sword）

武俠小說 tales of roving knights;kung fu novels

中國文學Chinese literature

《三國演義》Three Kingdoms

《西游記》 Journey to the West;Pilgrimage to the West

《紅樓夢》Dream of the Red Mansions

《山海經》 the Classic of Mountains and Rivers

《資治通鑒》History as a Mirror；Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers

《西廂記》 the Romance of West Chamber

《水滸傳》 Heroes of the Marshes;Tales of the Water Margin

《聊齋志異》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio;Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio

《圍城》Fortress Besieged

《阿Q正傳》 The True Story of Ah Q

春秋 the Spring and Autumn Annals

史記 Historical Records

詩經 The Books of Songs；the Book of Odes

書經 The Books of History

易經 I Ching;the Book of Changes

禮記 the Book of Rites

孝經Book of Filial Piety

三字經 three-character scripture； three-word chant

八股文 eight-part essay;stereotyped writing

五言絕句 five-character quatrain

七言律詩 seven-character octave

中國建筑 Chinese architecture

四合院 quadrangle, the traditional Chinese single-story houses with rows of rooms around the four sides of a courtyard

蒙古包（Mongolian）yurt

碑刻，碑文，碑銘inscriptions on a tablet

碑林the forest of steles, tablet forest

道觀Taoist temple

殿hall

烽火臺 beacon tower

鼓樓 drum tower

華表 ornamental column

回廊corridor

祭壇 altar

假山rockeries

角樓watchtower

廊 corridor

牌樓 pailou, decorated archway

橋bridges

石舫 stone boat

石窟 grotto

水榭 pavilion on the water

塔 pagoda;tower

臺 terrace

壇altar

亭閣 pavilion

鐘樓 bell tower

柱pillar, column, post 陵墓 emperor?s mausoleum/tomb

重要文化遺產major cultural heritage 優秀民間藝術outstanding folk arts 文物cultural relics 中國結 Chinese knot 旗袍Cheongsam 中山裝Chinese tunic suit 唐裝traditional Chinese garments（clothing），Tang suit 景泰藍cloisonné

朝廷使者 royal court envoy 文人 men of letters 雅士 refined scholars 文化產業culture industry 文化底蘊cultural deposits 文化事業cultural undertaking 文化交流cross-cultural communication 文化沖突culture shock 民族文化national culture 民間文化folk culture 城鎮文化urban culture 鄉村文化rural culture 當地文化native culture 表演藝術performing art 現代流行藝術popular art, pop art 純藝術high art 高雅藝術refined art 電影藝術cinematographic art 戲劇藝術theatrical art [擴展] 生（男性正面角色）male（the positive male role）

旦（女性正面角色）female（the positive female role）

凈（性格鮮明的男性配角）a supporting male role with striking character 丑（幽默滑稽或反面角色）a clown or a negative role 花臉painted role 獨角戲 monodrama；one-man show 歌舞喜劇musical 滑稽場面，搞笑小噱頭shtick 滑稽短劇skit 京劇票友 amateur performer of Beijing Opera / Peking Opera fan 京劇人物臉譜Peking Opera Mask 口技 ventriloquism

木偶戲 puppet show

旁白voice over

皮影戲 shadow play;leather-silhouette show

說書 story-telling

疊羅漢 make a human pyramid

折子戲 opera highlights

踩高蹺stilt walk

啞劇 pantomime;mime

啞劇演員 pantomimist

戲劇小品 skit

馬戲circus show

單口相聲monologue comic talk, standup comedy

特技表演stunt

相聲witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk

雜技 acrobatics

京韻大鼓the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment

秦腔shaanxi opera

篆刻sealcutting

陰文characters cut in intaglio

陽文characters cut in relief

圖章 seal

刻刀graver

拓碑 making rubbings from stone inscriptions

拓片 rubbing

工藝，手藝 workmanship / craftsmanship

手工藝品 handicraft

木雕wood carving

黃楊木雕boxwood craft

雕漆carved lacquerware

石雕stone carving

微雕 miniature engraving

象牙雕ivory carving

竹雕bamboo engraving

貝雕shell carving

冰雕 ice sculpture

彩塑painted sculpture

瓷釉enamel

刺繡embroidery

卷軸scroll

蠟染batik

泥人 clay figure

漆畫lacquer painting

漆器Lacquer ware

青瓷色Celadon

雙面繡two-sided embroidery

水墨畫Landscape/ ink painting

蘇繡Suzhou embroidery

檀香扇sandalwood fan

唐三彩Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty

陶器 pottery

制陶業Ceramics

文房四寶The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study---a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper

硯刻inkslab engraving

宜興陶Yixing pottery

折扇Folding fan

枝編工藝Wickerwork

織錦，掛毯Tapestry

紙工藝品papier mache

中國畫Chinese painting

民間傳說 folklores

寓言fable

傳說 legend

神話mythology

玉皇大帝God of Heaven

八仙 the Eight Immortals

嫦娥 Chang?e, the Chinese moon goddess

伏羲 Fu Xi, God of Fishery and Husbandry

福祿壽三星god of fortune, god of prosperity, god and longevity

財神 god of fortune

灶神 god of the kitchen

共工 Gonggong, God of Water

后羿 Houyi（a legendary hero who shot down nine suns）

黃帝 Yellow Emperor

夸父 Kuafu（a fabled sun-chasing giant）

女媧 Nuwa : a goddess who patches up the sky

盤古 Pan Gu , creator of the universe

神農 Patron of Agriculture

禹 Yu , the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty

祝融 Zhurong, God of Fire

古為今用，洋為中用make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china 賦詩inscribe a poem

對對聯matching an antithetical couplet

陽歷Solar calendar

公歷Gregorian calendar

陰歷Lunar calendar

天干heavenly stem

地支earthly branch

閏年leap year

二十四節氣the twenty-four solar terms

十二生肖zodiac

Rat 鼠

Ox 牛

Tiger 虎

Hare 兔

Dragon 龍

Snake 蛇

Horse 馬

Sheep 羊

Monkey 猴

Rooster 雞

Dog 狗

Pig豬

猴年 year of monkey

本命年 one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches

傳統節日traditional holidays

春節 Spring Festival

拜年pay a New Year visit

爆竹，鞭炮firecracker

除夕 Eve of Chinese New Year

春聯 Spring couplets

辭舊迎新 ring out the old year and ring in the new

餃子 Jiaozi, boiled dumpling

鍋貼 pot sticker

廟會 temple fair

鳴鐘辭舊歲ring out the old year

年畫（traditional）New Year pictures

年夜飯 the Eve Feast;family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year?s Eve

年終大掃除 year-end household cleaning

守歲 stay up late on the New Year?s Eve

團圓飯 family reunion dinner

壓歲錢 New Year gift-money;money given to children as a New Year gift

舞龍dragon dance

元宵節 Lantern Festival（15th day of the first lunar month）

元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings

花燈festival lantern

燈謎lantern riddle

獅子舞 lion dance

踩高蹺stilt walking

清明節 Pure Brightness Festival / Tomb-sweeping Day（April the 5th）

掃墓sweep tomb sites of loved ones

古文明研究中心 Research Center for Ancient Civilizations 中外學者 Chinese and overseas scholars 考古學家 archaeologists 人類學家 anthropologist 歷史學家 historian 地理學家geographer

江南水鄉 the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River 水鄉景色 riverside scenery 2.2 體育，娛樂

2008夏季奧運會 2008 summer Olympics

祭祖offer sacrifices to the ancestors

踏青go for an outing in spring

端午節 Dragon Boat Festival（5th of the fifth lunar month）

賽龍舟dragon boat race

粽子 zongzi（pyramid-shaped dumpling made by glutinous rice wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves）

Departed soul 亡靈

忠臣loyal minister

詩人屈原Quyuan the poet

中秋節 Moon Festival / Mid-Autumn Day（15th of the eight lunar month）

月餅 mooncake

賞月 appreciate the glorious full moon

團圓 reunion

桂花 sweet osmanthus

重陽節 Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day

賞菊 admire the beauty of chrysanthemum

登高 climb mountain

中藥TCM traditional Chinese medicine（詳見HEALTH一章）

秦始皇帝 First Emperor, Emperor Chin

皇太后 Empress Dowager

漢高祖劉邦founder of the Han Dynasty（206BC-220AD）

成吉思汗 Genghis Khan;Temujin

才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies

文明搖籃 cradle of civilization

夏朝 Xia Dynasty

明清兩代（of）Ming and Qing dynasties

中華文明 Chinese civilization

文明搖籃 cradle of civilization

地名：特別注意四川和陜拼法

四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan

陜西 Shaanxi 主辦2008年奧運會 host the 2008 Olympic Games 奧運會火炬 Olympic torch 奧運村 Olympic village 奧運選手 Olympian

奧運會核心精神 the core spirit of the Olympic games 更快、更高、更強 Citius, Altius, Fortius 東道國 host country 主辦城市 host city

冬奧會 Olympic Winter Games

國際奧委會 IOC（International Olympic Committee）會歌 anthem 會徽 emblem 申辦 bid

申辦成功 win the bidding 板球 criket

公開賽 open / open tournament 錦標賽 championships

國家體育總局 State Physical Culture Administration 健美運動 bodybuilding 教練 coach / trainer 舉重 weight lifting 馬術 equitation

球類運動 ball games 賽馬 horse race 射擊 shooting 射箭 archery

室內運動 indoor sports 室外運動 outdoor sports

體育道德、運動家精神 sportsmanship 田徑 track and field 跳高 high jump

跳遠 long jump

馬拉松 marathon

職業選手 professional athlete

自行車賽 cycling

跨欄 hurdle race

體操 gymnastics

接力賽 relay race

冰球 hockey

娛樂 recreation / entertainment

[擴展]

豆沙sweet bean paste 蛋黃egg yolk

咸蛋黃 marinated egg yolk 海鮮seafood 扇貝scallop 大蔥scallion 蔥green onion 肉餡minced meat 魚糜minced fillet 蝦糜minced shrimp

《伯爾尼公約》（有關保護文學和藝術作品版權的公約）Berne Convention

比基尼 bikini

茶道 sado

敞蓬車 convertible

寵物醫院 pet clinic

傳媒 media

吹風會 briefing

大開眼界 open one's eyes;broaden one's horizon;be an eye-opener

大眾傳媒 mass media（of communications）

發燒友 zealot;enthusiastic fan

狗仔隊 paparazzo（singular），paparazzi（plural）

廣告妙語 punch line

吉尼斯世界記錄 Guinness Book of Records

家庭影院 home theater

票房 box office

潑水節 Water-Sprinkling Festival

群眾精神文化生活people's cultural life

人體彩繪 body painting

迪斯尼樂園 Disneyland

米老鼠 Mickey mouse

唐老鴨 Donald Duck

特技演員stunt man

替身演員 stand-in;double

選美 beauty contest, beauty pageant

綜藝節目 variety show

2.3 飲食文化

各大菜系 major styles of cooking / cuisine

粽子Zongzi: a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves（eaten on the Dragon Boat Festival）

月餅moon cake

蜜餞candied preserved fruit / sweetened preserved plums 餃子Jiaozi boiled dumpling 八寶飯8-treasure rice 鯉魚carp

青魚black carp 草魚grass carp

歐洲鯽魚crucian carp 鯽魚golden carp 鱸魚bass

桂魚Chinese perch 石斑魚garoupa

三文魚/ 大麻哈魚salmon 金槍魚tuna 鱈魚cod

年糕rice cakea room with one bed for one person n.單人房（一張床）

twin rooma room for two persons with a double bed n.雙人房（一張床）

triple rooma room directly facing the ocean n.面朝海洋的房間

ocean view-a room from which it is possible to secure a view of the ocean（usually located on the side of the hotel）海景房

wet bar小吧臺 n.（旅館房間里有自來水和水槽的小吧臺）

book/ reserve a room v.訂房

booth n.餐廳中的包廂或火車座

bowling alley n.保齡球場

check in v.入住

check out v.結賬、退房

close-circuit television n.閉路電視

deposit n.預定金

discotheque n.迪斯科舞廳

front desk;reception desk n.前臺

gym n.健身房

hotel registration form n.旅館登記表

karaoke n.卡拉OK

lobby n.大堂

make a reservation 預訂

massage parlor n.按摩室，（掛按摩院招牌的）妓院

pool table n.臺球桌

stay at v.在……下榻

2.air transportation n.空運，坐飛機旅行

connecting flight n.轉接班機

direct flight n.直航（不換飛機，但中途可能有停）

electronic ticket n.電子機票

non-stop flight n.直達航班

baggage allowance n.免費行李配額

coach class n.經濟艙

commercial carriers n.客運飛機，列車等

first class n.頭等艙

air mile n.空英里，空中飛行的長度單位，相當于一國際海里（6,076.115英尺）

travel insurance n.旅行保險

PAI（personal accident insurance）n.人身意外傷害險

force majeure n.不可抗力（如風暴，戰爭等）

3.car rental n.租車

van n.廂式車； 商旅車

compact adj./ n.小型轎車

mid-sized adj.中型汽車

full-sized adj.大型轎車（六人坐）

sedan 四門轎車

convertible 敞蓬車

drop-off charge n.甲地租車，乙地還車所收取的費用

Value Added Tax（VAT）n.增值稅（歐洲國家對貨品和服務所課征的營業稅，一般可退還給游客）

4.hotel n.旅館

apartment hotel n.酒店式公寓

B & Bthe Sun Watching Peak

玉皇頂 Peak of the Heavenly Emperor

黃山 Mount Huangshan;Yellow Mountain 紫金山天文臺 Purple Mountain Observatory 南天門The Heavenly Southern Gate 午門meridian gate

天壇 the Temple of Heaven 紫禁城the Forbidden City 故宮the Imperial Place

故宮博物院 the Palace Museum 護城河Moat 回音壁echo wall

居庸關Juyongguan pass 長壽山the longevity hill 九龍壁the nine dragon wall 黃龍洞the yellow dragon cave 大清真寺great mosque

黃帝陵Huang Di Mausoleum 十三陵Ming Tombs

中山陵Dr.Sun Yat-sen?s Mausoleum

成吉思汗陵 Mausoleum of Genghis Khan 魯迅故居Luxun?s former residence（重慶）渣滓洞 Cinder Cave（重慶）紅巖村 Red Crag Village（延安）寶塔山 Pagoda Hill 東方威尼斯Oriental Venice 蘇州園林 Suzhou gardens 獅子林 Lion Grove Garden 怡園 Joyous Garden 留園lingering Garden

網師園 Garden of the Master of Nets

耦園（諧音偶，佳偶之意）Garden of Couple?s Retreat西湖 West Lake 蘇堤 Su Causeway

白堤 Bai Causeway

斷橋 Broken Bridge

外西湖 Outer West Lake

九寨溝jiuzhaigou

布達拉宮Potala Palace

日月潭 Lake Sun Moon

3）名勝古跡places of scenic beauty and historical interests / scenic spots and historical sites

[擴展]

堡fort, fortress

避暑山莊 mountain resort 避暑勝地 summer resort 冬季旅游勝地Winter resort 度假勝地 holiday resort 佛教勝地 Buddhist resort 滑雪勝地Ski resort 冰山iceberg 火山 volcano 青山green hill

場所site, venue, locale, seat

城堡castle

長廊The Long Corridor

殿hall

拱頂vault

鼓樓 drum-tower

荷塘lotus pond

湖石假山Lakeside rocks and rockeries

祭壇 altar

角樓watchtower

九曲橋Bridge of Nine Turnings

廊 corridor

陵墓 emperor?s mausoleum/tomb

樓 tower;mansion

牌樓pailou, decorated archway

橋bridges

水榭 pavilion on the water

塔 pagoda;tower

臺 terrace

壇altar

梯staircase

亭閣 pavilion

亭臺樓閣pavilions, terraces, and towers;a general reference to the elaborate Chinese architecture

溪streams

行宮A temporary imperial palace

鐘樓bell-tower

柱pillar, column, post

碑刻，碑文，碑銘inscriptions on a tablet

碑林the forest of steles, tablet forest

碑座 pedestal of the tablet

壁畫 murals;fresco 出土unearth

道觀Taoist temple

道教名山Taoist mountain 堤防embankment 地下軍團buried legion 雕塑Sculptures 雕像 statue 頂點Summit

定情之物token of love 洞穴/巖洞 cave;cavern 仿古制品 antique replica 復制品Replica

高超工藝 superior workmanship 孤柏Lone cypress

古董antique, antiquity, curio 古跡place of historical interest

古建筑群 ancient architectural / building complex 古墓 ancient tomb

古松Age-old pine trees 古玩店 antique/curio shop 國家公園 national park 海平面Sea level

號稱五岳之首 rank first of the five great mountains in china 后裔Descendant 回廊corridor

甲骨文 inscription on bones and tortoiseshells 假山rockeries

建筑風格Architectural style

江南水鄉 south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River 景象Spectacle

領略自然景觀的魅力 appreciate the charms of natural landscape

蜜月度假勝地 honeymoon resort

名山 famous mountain / mountain resort

名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers

摩崖石刻Carved out of a cliff

瀑布 waterfall, fall

小瀑布 cascade

飛瀑plunging waterfall

曲阜Qufu

曲徑winding path

人文景觀places of historic figures and cultural heritage

雪山Snow-capped mountain 釉面磚Glazed tile

御花園 imperial garden

園林建筑Garden architecture 原始森林virgin forest 藻類algae

植物園botanical garden 主題公園 theme park

自然景觀natural attraction;natural landscape / scenery 綜合建筑building complex

人造物品Artifact

日出Sunrise

日落Sunset

溶洞water-eroded cave

溶巖景色，喀斯特地貌Karst scenery

石舫 stone boat

石灰池Calcified pond

石灰巖洞limestone cave

石窟 grotto

石牌Stone steles

石橋Stone bridge

石筍stalagmite

石像Portrait stone

世界第八大奇跡eighth wonder of the world

世界七大奇跡seven wonders of the world

世界文化遺產保護地World Heritage Sites（WHS）

世界之窗 Window of the World

書法真跡 calligraphic relics

水鄉景色 riverside scenery

私家園林Private garden

四大奇觀Four wonders

縮影Miniature

天下第一洞The most spectacular cave unparalleled elsewhere in the world

天下第一泉The finest spring under heaven

武當功夫 Wudang martial arts

險峰perilous peaks

香格里拉Shangri-la（earthly paradise or utopia--generally secluded and peaceful）

鑲嵌inlay

修復Renovate

雪峰snow-topped peaks 坐佛Sitting Buddha

5）歷史人文 history and human culture [擴展]

春秋時期The Spring and Autumn Period 吐蕃王國 Tubo Kingdom 王朝dynasty

舊石器時代Paleolithic times

新石器時代 the Neolithic Age;New Stone Age' 瑪雅文化 Mayan civilization

母系氏族社會 matriarchal clan society 清朝帝王Qing emperors

文成公主Tang Princess Wencheng

春秋時代The Spring and Autumn Period

大思想家和教育家A great thinker and educator 慈禧太后Empress Dowager CiXi 祭祀offer sacrifices 君主monarch

皇妃Imperial concubine 丞相Prime minister 太監Court eunuch 古裝Ancient costume 朝代dynasty

歷代various dynasty 少數民族ethnic minority 蒙古族Mongolian 藏族Tibetan 維吾爾族Uygur

納西族Naxi minority

阿壩藏族自治州Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 古代器具Ancient utensils 考古學家archaeologist

發掘unearth 吉尼斯世界紀錄The Guinness Book of World Records 公元 AD（Anno Domini）公元前 BC（Before Christ）誕生地 Birthplace 歷史文物 historical relics 歷史遺跡 historical site 青銅器Bronze ware 文人men of letters 雅士refined scholars

景色如畫 picturesque views

樂不思蜀too delighted to be homesick

琳瑯滿目 a superb collection of beautiful things;an eyeful of goodies 鱗次櫛比 row upon row of;packed with

玲瓏剔透 exquisitely carved/ made/ wrought 流連忘返 linger on;too delighted to leave 綠水青山 green hills and clear waters

迷人 enchanting / bewitching / fascinating 墨客騷人 men of letters

奇峰異石 picturesque peaks and rocks 文物cultural relics

西域western countries

6）經典描繪語句 classic descriptions

[擴展]

八方來客 tourists from all parts of the world

保存完好 well-preserved

波光粼粼的湖sparkling lake

蒼松翠柏 green pines and cypresses

層巒疊嶂 range upon range of mountains / the hills rise around…

姹紫嫣紅 a blaze of bright colors/ colorful

崇山峻嶺 steep mountains

船移景換 each turn of the boat affords a different scenery / view

純潔 purity

雕梁畫棟 carved beams and painted pillars

洞天福地 scenery of exceptional charm

陡峭的precipitous

陰云蔽日 overcast

飛流急湍 whirlpools and rapids

峰回路轉 the paths running sinuously amid the peaks

高超工藝 / 工藝精湛exquisite workmanship / superior craftsmanship

古香古色of antique beauty

宏偉的Majestic

宏偉挺拔 towering magnificence

湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills

華麗的gorgeous

吉利的propitious

極目遠眺 look as far as the eye can see

金碧輝煌 splendid and magnificent

盡收眼底 hold a panoramic view

驚嘆不已（be）marveled;marvel at…

驚濤拍岸 raging waves pound on the banks 奇花異草 exotic flowers and herbs 奇珍異寶 rare treasure 巧妙設計well-designed

青山不斷 green hills roll on endlessly 清澈見底limpid 曲折tortuous

群山環抱 surrounded by mountains / hills

日出（日落）的壯麗景色 the glory of the sunrise（sunset）如畫picturesque 如詩poetic

山巒迭翠 range upon range of green hills

山水風光 scenery with mountains and rivers;landscape 閃閃發光glittering，sparkling, winkling 賞心悅目 delightful

天方夜譚（lit.）the Arabian nights（褒義）exotic

（貶義）a sheer fallacy

天下奇觀wonder;marvelous spectacle 蜿蜒流淌的河水winding river 蜿蜒曲折 winding/ zigzagging

萬紫千紅 a variety of colors;a riot of colors 巍然屹立 towering

蔚為壯觀splendid/ spectacular

聞名遐邇 known far and wide;well-known;famous;world-renowned 無邊無際boundless

無可抗拒的overpowering

熙熙攘攘 crowded/ hustle and bustle 俠義心腸chivalrous 仙境wonderland

鮮花盛開flowers in blossom

相映成趣 form delightful contrast

心曠神怡 completely relaxed and happy/ delighted

雄偉險峻 precipitous

懸崖絕壁cliff/precipice

絢麗多姿 colorful

煙波浩渺 a wide expanse of misty waters

一覽無余 hold all views in sight/ in a single glance

依山傍水 nestling under a mountain and near a river

意猶未盡linger on

優雅的exquisite, graceful, elegant

誘人景色 inviting views

魚米之鄉a land of milk and honey

郁郁蔥蔥luxuriantly green

枝繁葉茂 luxuriant

莊嚴grandeur

莊嚴肅穆solemn

壯麗景色 spectacular scene

忽暗忽明，幻影迭顯 mysteriously veiled in mountain mist

船行水上，人游畫中 people tour in ?pictures? while boats sail on water

上有天堂，下有蘇杭 In heaven there is the paradise, and on earth there are Suzhou and Hangzhou./ As there is the paradise in heaven, so there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth.五岳歸來不看山，黃山歸來不看岳 Trips to China?s five great mountains render trips to other mountains unnecessary, and a trip to Huangshan renders trips to the five great mountains unnecessary.桂林山水甲天下，陽朔山水甲桂林 Guilin landscape tops those elsewhere,and Yangshuo landscape tops that of Guilin.五岳 china?s five great /sacred/ divine mountains

天下第一奇山 the most fantastic mountain under heaven

黃山四絕 the four unique scenic features: picturesque rocks, legendary pines, the sea of clouds and hot springs

2.3 古代世界七大奇跡

1.巴比倫空中花園 The Hanging Gardens of Babylon

2.阿爾忒彌斯神廟 The Temple of Artemis（Diana）at Ephesus

3.宙斯神像 The Statue of Zeus

4.摩索拉斯陵墓 The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

5.羅德島太陽神巨像 The Colossus of Rhodes

6.亞歷山大燈塔 The Pharos（Lighthouse）of Alexandria

7.埃及金字塔 The Pyramids of Egypt

2.4中國部分世界自然和文化遺產名錄

1.長城 the Great Wall of China

2.紫禁城 the Forbidden City

3.敦煌莫高窟 Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang

4.周口店北京人遺址 Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site

5.泰山Mount Tai

6.黃山 Mount Huangshan

7.武陵源風景名勝區 Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Area

8.九寨溝風景名勝區 Jiuzhaigou Scenic and Historic Area

9.黃龍風景名勝區 Huanglong Scenic and Historic Area

10.承德避暑山莊 Changde Imperial Mountain Resort

11.孔府Confucius Family Mansion

12.孔廟Confucius Temple

13.孔林 Confucius Cemetry

14.武當山古建筑群 Ancient Building Comoplex at Wudangshan

15.布達拉宮 Potala Palace and Jokhang Temple

16.廬山風景名勝區 Lushan National Park

17.峨眉山、樂山大佛 Mount Emei and Leshan Giant Buddha

18.武夷山風景區 Mount Wuyi

第五章 外交和軍事

SECTION I: 英譯中

1.1外事禮儀

A

acknowledge v.承認

a gathering permeated with a spirit of cordial friendship 充滿親切友情的聚會

a rewarding trip 不虛此行

accommodate vt.供給…住宿，招待； vi.適應，配合

add a new page to the history of 給…的歷史增加了新的一頁

agenda n.議程

alumnus（alumni）;alumna（alumnae）n.校友

B

banquet n.宴會

BBQ party n.燒烤會

Bon Appetite!int.祝你胃口好！

Bon Voyage!int.旅途愉快！

buffet n.自助餐

buffet reception n.冷餐招待會

C

cheek-to-cheek embrace 貼臉擁抱

cheers int.干杯

closing speech n.閉幕致辭

cocktail party n.雞尾酒會

colleague（s）n.同仁

commerce ties n.商業關系 coexistence n.共存，共處

congenial atmosphere n.融洽氣氛

I?ve long heard of you 久仰

impromptu speech n.即席講話

in the company of …/ accompanied by… 在…的陪同下

costume party;masquerade n.化裝舞會

courtesy call n.禮節性拜會

D dinner / dinner party n.晚宴

distinguished guest n.貴賓； 佳賓

draw to a close 即將結束

E eloquent remark n.雄辯的（動人的）演講

entertain v.招待

extraordinary arrangement n.特殊安排；精心安排 eye salute n.注目禮

F farewell ceremony n.歡送儀式

feel honored and privileged 感到榮幸

feel pleased and honored 感到愉快和榮幸

feel proud and honored 感到驕傲和榮幸

fellow citizens n.同胞們

foreign affairs office n.外事辦

fulfill one?s ambitions 展鴻圖；酬壯志

G generous hospitality 盛情款待

genuine friendship 真摯友誼

give a dinner for a visitor from afar 接風洗塵

goodwill visit n.友好訪問

gracious invitation n.盛情邀請

gracious remark n.熱情的演講，評論

Guest of Honor n.主賓

gun salute n./v.禮炮

H heartfelt gratefulness n.由衷的感謝

hearty embrace n.熱烈擁抱

hearty gratitude n.衷心的感謝

heritage n.傳統

hospitality n.好客

host a farewell dinner for someone 為…餞行

host country n.主辦國；東道主國家

host n.主人

I

inauguration n.開幕式；就職典禮

incomparable hospitality n.無比盛情的款待

itinerary n.活動日程，路線

K, L

kind words of welcome n.友好的歡迎詞

lasting friendship n.長久的友誼

long-awaited guest n.盼望已久的客人

look back at the past 回顧過去

look into the future 展望未來

luncheon n.午餐會

M, N, O

motorcade n.車隊

nodding acquaintance n.泛泛之交

occasion n.場合；時刻

opening address n.開幕致辭

opening ceremony n.開幕式

P

pay a return visit v.回拜

picnic party n.野餐會

propose a toast v.祝酒

R

receive;play host to v.接待

receptionist n.接待員

reception n.招待會

regard n.尊重；敬意

regards n.問候

renew old friendships（and establish new contacts）友）

S

seating arrangement n.席位安排

signing ceremony n.簽約式

sincere gratitude n.真摯的感謝

speech of welcome / address of welcome n.歡迎詞

state banquet n.國宴

sworn friend n.刎頸之交

T

take this opportunity 趁此機會

toaster n.祝酒者

重溫舊情

（結交新

toast n.祝酒詞 U unequalled adj.無與倫比的 unprecedented adj.前所未有的 W warm reception n.熱情接待 warm welcome n.熱情歡迎 wedding reception n.喜宴

welcoming banquet n.歡迎宴會 welcoming ceremony n.歡迎儀式

common interest n.共同利益 common prosperity n.共同繁榮 communiqué n.聯合公報

community of nations n.國際社會 compassion n.同情，憐憫 consolidate v.鞏固

constrain vt.約束；強迫

containment n.遏制，遏制政策

contradictory;self-contradictory adj.矛盾；自相矛盾 convention n.大會；條約； 協定； 慣例

1.2兩國關系

A

a resolution n.決議

abundant accomplishment n.豐碩的成果

accord with /agree with/conform to/meet v.符合 acknowledge vt.承認

assert v.宣稱； 維護

attempt n./ v.嘗試

B

beckon v.召喚

boost v.促進，刺激，增進

bilateral adj.雙邊的

bilateral channels n.雙邊渠道

bilateral cooperation n.雙邊合作

bilateral diplomatic activities n.雙邊外交

bilateral relations n.雙邊關系

bully v.欺侮；以強凌弱

C

cast off v.丟棄，擺脫

cause n.原因、理想、事業、目標

channel n.渠道

channels of dialog n.對話渠道

chaos n.混亂

clash n.沖突

coercion n.強迫，高壓政治

collapse n.潰敗；崩潰

commitment n.承諾，義務

common aspiration n.共同希望

common causes n.共同目標；共同理想

common desire n.共同愿望

common developmen n.共同發展

convergence n.集中

counterpart n.相應的、對等的人或物

counterproductive adj.起反作用的； 反效果的 courtesy n.禮貌

crises n.危機；危險期 D

dawning n.黎明；開端 decline n./vi.下降；衰落 defy vt./n.挑戰；公然挑釁 delay v./ n.耽擱；拖延 decency n.合宜，得體 delightful adj.令人愉快的 deteriorate vt.使惡化；變糟 deterioration n.衰敗 disparity n.不等；不同 dispute n./ v.爭端 diverse adj.多變的

diversity n.多樣化；氣象萬千 dominate v.壓倒；統治；占優勢 E

emancipate vt.釋放； 解放 embody vt.體現

embrace v./ n.擁抱；信奉 encroach on 侵犯，蠶食 encroachment n.侵犯 endeavor n.努力

enduring adj.持久的；不朽的 enrich vt.充實

equitable adj.公平的；公正的 era n.紀元

erupt v.突然爆發

escalation n.升級

exacerbate vt.惡化，使…加劇 F flaunt v./n.炫耀；標榜

fluctuation n.波動；起伏不定 foil vt.阻撓；挫敗

formulation n.明確表達；簡潔陳述 foundation n.基礎；基金會 G guarantee n./vt.保證

justice n.正義 L, M

legitimate adj.合法的

maintain v.維持；堅持認為

make great contribution to 對…有重大貢獻 malignant adj.惡性的；致命的 manifold n./ adj.多方面的 meddle v.干涉

memorable adj.令人難忘的 mentality n.心理，思維狀態

guidance n.指導

gunboat policy（尖船利炮）強權政策

H

hamper v.妨礙；牽制

harness v 管理，支配，控制

hereby adv.在此

hostility n.敵意、敵對狀態

I

ideal arena n.理想的場所，舞臺

impair v.損害

impetus n.動力

implement n.貫徹

in a friendly manner adv.以友好的方式

in a wide range of areas（就）廣泛領域

incapacitate v.使不能勝任

incentive n.動機；動力

in-depth adj.徹底、深入的 integral adj.整體的

international community 國際社會

intervention n.干涉

interventionist n./ adj.主張干涉他國內政者

intimidate v.恐嚇，威逼

intricacy n.錯綜復雜

irresistible adj.不可抗拒的 J

jeopardize v.危及

joint communiqué n.聯合公報

joint declaration n.聯合聲明

joint efforts n.協力

juncture n.時刻、關頭；接合點

jurisdiction n.權限；管轄權； 管轄區域

might n.勢力，兵力 mighty adj.強大的 mimic vt./adj.模仿

mistrust n.不信任；疑心 multilateral adj.多邊的 mutual benefit 互利互惠

mutual complementarities 互補 mutual confidence 相互信任 mutual consultation 共同協商 mutual courtesy 禮尚往來 mutual promotion 相互促進 mutual respect 相互尊重 mutual supervision 互相監督 mutual trust 相互信任

mutual understanding 相互理解 N, O

negotiation n.談判；協商 objective n.目標；目的 obstacles n.干擾；障礙 obstruct n./v.阻礙 origin n.起源；淵源

overshadow v.弱化；使…黯然失色 P

paralysis n.癱瘓，麻痹

partnership n.合作、合伙關系 peace-loving adj.愛好和平的 perish v.毀滅、死亡 permeate v.滲透

phenomenal adj.非凡的；杰出的 pioneering adj.開拓性的 pool（efforts）v.協力

potential n.潛力；adj.潛在的 prejudice n.偏見； v.損害

prerequisite n.先決條件； adj.首要的，必要的 prescribe v.指示； 規定

prevailing adj.占優勢的；盛行的 prior to 在…之前

profound adj.深刻的，意義深遠的 proliferation n.擴散

promising adj.有前途的，有希望的

promote/facilitate/enhance/strengthen/ advance v.加強；促進

strengthen the bond 加強聯系；加固紐帶 subordinate n./ adj.次要、下屬、從屬的

subsequent adj.后來的，接著發生的，連續的 summit

n.峰會；首腦會議

symbol / symbolize n./ v象征 T

thereby adv.從而

threat v./n.威脅，恐嚇 trailblazer n.開拓者

prudence n.審慎；慎重

pursue v.追求

R recognition n.承認，認可

reflect v.反映

refrain v.節制；制止

regime n.政權，體制

resentment n.不滿、怨恨

resolutely adv.堅決地； 果敢地

resolution n.決心；決議

respectable adj.可敬的

respective adj.分別的，各自的restructure v.重組；體制改革

reunification n.統一

rhetoric n./adj.修辭； 空話

rival n./v.競爭對手

rivalry n.競爭；敵對狀態

S safeguard v./ n.捍衛

sanction v./ n.制裁

score v.取得（成績、成果…）

setback n.挫折；退步

signify v.表征，意味著

solidarity n.團結

sound adj.健全的source n.來源

sponsor n./v.贊助；主辦

stability n.穩定

status quo n.現狀

steadfastly adv.踏實地；堅定地

straightforward adj.坦率的；直截了當

trailblazing adj.開拓性 trample n./ v.踐踏

tranquil adj.安靜、寧靜的 transcend vt.凌駕； 超越 trans-century adj.跨世紀的 transition n.轉變、過渡 turmoil n.**；沖突 tackle v.處理；對付 take shape v.成形 tense adj.緊張的 U

undermine v.破壞

undesirable adj.不受歡迎的 union n.聯盟；工會

unswervingly adv.堅定不移地 V

vigorous adj.強健的； 精力充沛的 volatile adj.不穩定的；多變的 SECTION II: 中譯英 中國外交

1.“走出去”（戰略）going global 2.安全security, safety 3.霸權hegemony

4.閉關鎖國的過去closed-door past 5.閉關政策closed-door policy 6.標準criteria

7.博大深遠extensive and profound 8.不對抗non-confrontatio 9.不合理irrationality 10.不結盟non-alignment

11.不可克服的困難insurmountable difficulty

12.不平等inequality 13.不懈的努力 unremitting efforts 14.采取具體步驟 undertake concrete step 15.差距gap 16.嘗試attempt 17.充滿活力dynamism 18.崇高的事業lofty cause 19.崇高理想grand ideal 20.處理分歧address differences 21.穿梭外交shuttle diplomacy

53.高層次、全方位的對話high-level and all-directional dialogue 54.高峰論壇summit（forum）55.高級官員senior officials 56.隔閡estrangement

57.各國人民的福祉well-being of all nations 58.公告proclamation 59.公平fairness

60.公正，正義justice 61.共識 consensus 62.共贏all-win 22.打破障礙beak down barriers

23.單邊的 unilateral

24.單邊主義 unilateralism

25.鄧小平外交思想 Deng Xiaoping's diplomatic thoughts

26.低估 underestimate / underestimation

27.地方矛盾regional conflicts

28.地球村global village

29.地區差異 regional disparity

30.地區**（沖突）regional turmoil（conflicts）

31.獨立自主的和平外交政策independent foreign policy of peace

32.獨立自主原則principles of independence

33.度假外交holiday-making diplomacy

34.對手opponent;rival

35.對外工作external work

36.多邊外交multilateral diplomatic activities

37.多邊政策multilateralism

38.多極化multi-polarization

39.多極時代multipolar times

40.多極世界 multipolar world

41.多極性multi-polarity

42.繁榮prosperity

43.繁榮昌盛flourish

44.仿效imitation

45.分工division of responsibilities

46.分裂活動splittist activities

47.分歧 issues of difference

48.否決權veto right

49.復雜多變的國際形勢a complex and volatile international situation

50.復雜化complication

51.復雜性complexity

52.改善，改進ameliorate 63.國家元首head of state 1.國與國state-to-state

2.過渡期the transitional period 3.過分go overboard

4.合法權益the legitimate rights and interests 5.合作關系cooperative relationship 6.和睦關系harmonious relationship 7.和平peace

8.和平方式peaceful means

9.和平共處peaceful coexistence 10.和平外交 peace diplomacy 11.后果；結果 consequence

12.互不干涉內部事務noninterference in each other's internal affairs 13.互不往來non-communication 14.互惠合同reciprocal contract

15.互利合作的伙伴partners of mutual benefit and cooperation 16.懷疑suspicion

17.環太平洋國家Pacific rim countries 18.緩解（沖突）buffer（conflicts）

19.恢復行使主權 resume the exercise of sovereignty（over…）20.回顧過去 in retrospect 21.機制mechanism

22.積極防御active defense 23.積極影響positive impact 24.基石cornerstone

25.極大的希望great expectation 26.集合；凝聚aggregation 27.肩負shoulder

28.艱巨任務arduous task

29.建設性的戰略伙伴關系a constructive strategic partnership 30.交換意見exchange notes

31.交流觀點exchange views 32.結交新友establish new contacts 33.竭力仿效emulate 34.解決分歧resolve differences 35.進步 progress;advancement 36.舉世聞名word-renowned 37.軍事機密 military intelligence（secrets）38.考驗 test 39.肯定傳統affirm old tradition 40.框架framework

72.譴責 condemn

73.強權外交 power diplomacy

74.強權政策 power politics

75.強制執行enforcement

76.侵犯violate;encroach on;an encroachment on

77.求同存異seek common ground while reserving/shelving/putting aside differences

78.曲折twists and turns

79.屈服 yield to

80.趨勢 trend 41.擴大共識expand the common ground

42.來之不易hard-won

43.樂觀精神optimism

44.禮尚往來reciprocity in courtesy;reciprocal（mutual）courtesy

45.禮儀； 行為準則 decencies

46.良好誠意good faith

47.良好周邊環境a favorable climate in areas around china

48.良知 conscience

49.兩岸關系cross-strait relations

50.領土完整territorial integrity

51.領土爭端border or territorial disputes

52.履行國際義務fulfill international obligations

53.盟國ally;allies

54.民間外交people-to-people diplomacy

55.模式mode

56.摩擦friction

57.睦鄰友好good-neighborliness

58.睦鄰友好關系good-neighbor relationship

59.排除干擾與障礙remove interferences and obstacles

60.排他性集團exclusive group

61.排外主義exclusivism

62.批準ratify

63.平等互利equality and mutual benefit

64.平等互利原則principle of equality and mutual benefit

65.平等伙伴關系equal partnership

66.平等協商equal consultation

67.齊心協力concerted effort

68.歧視discrimination

69.起積極作用make positive contribution to

70.千年millennium

71.前景prospect;future 81.全方位合作all-round cooperation

82.全面的；全方位的all-round;all-around 83.全面接觸comprehensive engagement 84.全面提高all-round improvement 85.全球化globalization

86.全世界 the world at large;the world over 87.權利和義務rights and interests 88.讓步（make）concessions 89.人道主義者humanitarian 90.融合fusion

91.三邊的 trilateral

92.深切哀悼 convey profound condolences to 93.審時度勢 size up the situation 94.使命mission

95.事業 undertaking, cause 96.勢頭momentum

97.樹立共有的樂觀精神 build shared optimism 98.雙邊的bilateral

99.雙邊關系bilateral relations 100.雙邊合作bilateral cooperation 101.雙邊渠道bilateral channels

102.雙邊外交bilateral diplomatic activities 103.雙贏局面win-win situation

104.順利平穩過渡smooth transition of power 105.坦誠深入的candid and in-depth 106.條約 treaty 107.停滯不前 halt

108.同等尊嚴equal dignity 109.突破break-through 110.團結 unity

111.外部封鎖external blockade

112.外交diplomacy

113.外交慣例diplomatic practice

114.外交豁免權diplomatic immunity

115.外交晴雨表diplomatic barometer

116.外交使節diplomatic envoy

117.外交休兵diplomatic truce

118.完全不信任downright distrust

119.完全平等complete equality

120.頑疾stubborn ills

121.為大眾謀利seek a common good

122.維護香港的繁榮與穩定 maintain the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong

123.維護正義的 justice-upholding

124.文化交流cultural exchange

125.文化使節cultural ambassador

126.文化搖籃cradle of civilization

127.無情的事實inexorable facts

128.無秩序狀態disorder

129.現狀current state

130.詳細談論elaborate on

131.協調harmonize

132.協定agreement

133.結盟alliance

134.協議protocol

135.協作coordination

136.攜手 join（our）hands;hand-in-hand

137.新的世界形態a new world pattern

138.新殖民主義neo-colonialism

139.宣稱； 維護assert

140.宣告，聲明 declaration

141.亞太地區the Asia-Pacific region

142.嚴峻的考驗 severe test

143.唁電message of condolences

144.一貫的政策 consistent policy

145.以史為鑒，面向未來 take history as guidance and look into the future

146.意識形態ideology

147.永不屈服never yielding

148.增進increase, strengthen, promote, expand, boost

149.增進了解enhance mutual understanding

150.戰略關系strategic relationship

151.戰略協作伙伴關系strategic partnership of coordination

152.正常化normalization

153.正確的對外方針correct foreign policy

154.正式訪問an official visit

155.政權交接 transfer of government

156.政權交接the transfer of government

157.政治對話political dialogs

158.政治和道義上的支持political and moral support

159.中長期的合作 medium and long term cooperation

160.中日和平友好條約the Sino-Japanese Treaty for Peace and Friendship

161.種族隔離apartheid;racial segregation

162.種族矛盾racial tensions

163.種族歧視racial discrimination

164.著手處理approach（a problem）

165.重新評估reuation

166.主權國家sovereign states

167.駐軍 garrison

168.自決自主 self-determination

169.自我封閉 self-reclusive

170.最不發達國家Least-developed countries（LDCs）

171.和平共處五項基本原則the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

·--平等互利Equality and mutual benefit

·--互相尊重和主權領土完整mutual respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity

·--互不侵犯Non-aggression

·--互不干涉內政Non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries

·--和平共處Peaceful coexistence

第六章 生態、自然和環保

SECTION I: 英譯中

A

a killing frost 嚴寒

abrasion n.侵蝕；磨損

acid rain n.酸雨

[詳析]

Acid rain is an air pollution produced when acid chemicals are incorporated into rain, snow, fog or mist.The “acid” in acid rain comes from sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, products of burning coal and other fuels and from certain industrial processes.acidification n.土地酸化

afforestation n.綠化造林

agricultural ecology 農業生態學

air emission standards 空氣排放標準

air pollution 空氣污染

air pollution emission 空氣污染排放（物）

algae n.藻類，海藻

alternative fuels--替代燃料

[詳析]

Alternative fuels include compressed natural gas, alcohols, liquefied petroleum gas（LPG），and electricity.altitude n.海拔

carbon dioxide（CO2）n.二氧化碳

carbon monoxide（CO）n.一氧化碳

Clean Air Act n.清潔空氣法案

[詳析]

The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments are the most far-reaching revisions of the 1970 law.In this summary, we refer to the 1990 amendments as the 1990 Clean Air Act.clean energy n.清潔能源

clean fuels n.清潔燃料

[詳析]

ample rainfall n.充足的雨量

annual temperature range 年氣溫幅度

anomalies n.反常（現象）

aquatic life 水生植物

arid adj.干旱的

artificial rain n.人工降雨

ash n.灰燼

atmosphere（The）n.大氣層

Autumnal Equinox（fall equinox）秋分（9月22日左右）

[擴展]

Vernal Equinox（spring equinox）春分（3月21日左右）

B

biosphere n.生物圈

[詳析]

The terrestrial biosphere includes the living biota（plants and animals）

and the litter and soil organic matter on land, and the marine biosphere includes the biota and detritus in the oceans.biota n.[生態]生物區

[詳析]

Biota means the animal and plant（fauna and flora）life of a given area.barrier effect of mountains 山的阻隔效應、柵欄效應

beachgoer n.海灘游客

biomes n.生物群系

black hole n.黑洞

[詳析]

Black hole is a place where the gravity is so strong that light can't even escape from it.how would you know where to look for it? it can also be interpreted as gateways to an alternative universe.C

canopy n.樹冠，華蓋

car exhaust n.汽車尾氣

Low-pollution fuels that can replace ordinary gasoline climate n.氣候

climatic anomaly 氣候異常 climatic zones 氣候帶 ［glossary］ [擴展]

Temperate 溫帶（氣候）

the cool temperate zone 寒溫帶 the warm temperate zone 暖溫帶 Tropical 熱帶（氣候）

Subtropical 亞熱帶（氣候）Tundra 苔原（氣候）Equatorial 赤道（氣候）Arid 干旱（氣候）

Mediterranean 地中海式（氣候）Polar（arctic）極地（氣候）Mountains 高山（氣候）Plateau 高原（氣候）Maritime 海洋性（氣候）

Continental climate 大陸氣候 clint n.石芽

coastline n.海岸線 combustion n.燃燒 comet n.彗星

confluence n.匯流（處）[詳析]

A confluence is where a river joins another river.contamination n.污染 continental plate 大陸板塊 continental shelves 大陸架 contingency n.偶發事件 convection n對流

corrasion n.侵蝕

cost-effective adj.成本效益好的，合算的 cumulonimbus clouds n.積雨云

D

daily maximum temperatures n.日最高氣溫

daily minimum temperatures n.日最低氣溫

death toll n.死亡人數

debris flow 泥石流

decomposition n.分解，腐爛

deep water n.深冷水區

deforestation n.森林砍伐

[例子]

Efforts have been made to stop deforestation----the removal of forest stands by cutting and burning to provide land for agricultural purposes, residential or industrial building sites, roads, etc.or by harvesting the trees for building materials or fuel.desertification n.（土壤）沙漠化，荒漠化

[例子]

Overgrazing of rangelands, large-scale cutting of forests and woodlands, drought, and burning of extensive areas all serve to destroy or degrade the land cover and cause desertification.domestic sewage n.生活污水

drought n.旱災

dust storm n.沙塵暴

E

earthquake n.地震

earthquake magnitude 震級

eco-agriculture 生態農業

ecological impact 生態影響

ecosystem n.生態系統

[詳析]

An ecosystem is defined as place having unique physical features, encompassing air, water, and land, and habitats supporting plant and animal life.eco-technology 生態技術

eddy n./ v.旋渦，起旋渦

El Nino Southern Oscillation（ENSO）（氣候學）厄爾尼諾南徊現象

[詳析]

厄爾尼諾是西班牙語“El Nino”的音譯。厄爾尼諾洋流南美洲西海岸海洋表面的一支暖洋流，那時海底不再有冷的、豐富營養的海水，能引起鯨魚和魚類的死亡并且影響大部分太平洋地區的氣候。在南美厄瓜多爾和秘魯沿岸，海水每年都會出現季節性增暖現象，因為這種現象發生在圣誕節前后，則被當地漁民稱為厄爾尼諾-即“圣嬰”（上帝之子）的意思。現在厄爾尼諾一詞已被氣象和海洋學家用來專門指發生在赤道太平洋東部和中部海水大范圍持續異常增暖的現象（在海洋氣象學中規定，該海域海水表層溫度高出氣候平均值0.5℃以上，且持續時間超過6個月以上時定為厄爾尼諾出現）。

The term El Nino means ?Christ Child? and was first used by Peruvian fishermen in the late 1800?s to describe the warm current appearing off the western coast of Peru around Christmas time.El Nino, and its sister eventare the extreme phases of the southern oscillation, with El Nino referring to a warming of the eastern tropical Pacific, and La Nina a cooling.又見L 詞條中La Nina phenomenon 拉尼娜現象

emission n.排氣（如汽車廢氣等）；排放物

environment n.環境

[詳析]

Environment refers to the sum of all external conditions affecting the life, development, and survival of an organism.Environment Abstracts 《環境文摘》簡稱EA

environmental auditing 環境審核

environmental awareness 環保意識

environmental benefit 環境效益

environmental degradation 環境惡化

environmental hazards 環境危機

environmental lapse rate 氣溫垂直遞減率（如由山地地形引起）

environmental management 環境管理

environmental threats 環境威脅

environmentalist n.環境保護主義者

epicenter n.震中

Equator n.赤道

equatorial zone 赤道地區

existing environmental regulations 現有環境規范條例

extinct species 滅絕的物種

F

fjord n.峽灣

firn n.積雪；萬年雪；冰原

[詳析]

Material that is transitional between snow and glacier ice.It is formed from snow after passing through one summer melt season and becomes glacier ice after its permeability to liquid water falls to zero.flood n.洪水；洪災

food chain 食物鏈

[詳析]

A sequence of organisms, each of which uses the next lower member of the sequence as a food source.forest coverage rate 森林覆蓋率

forestation n.造林

fossil fuel 礦物燃料如石油、煤、天然氣等，由古代生物衍生而成 [詳析]

Any hydrocarbon deposit that can be burned for heat or power, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.freshwater pollution 淡水污染

fungi（plural form of fungus）n.真菌（包括酵母、霉菌、擔子菌和蘑菇等）

[詳析]

Molds, mildews, yeasts, mushrooms, and puffballs, a group of organisms that lack chlorophyll and therefore are not photosynthetic.［glossary］ [擴展]

molds n.霉菌

bacteria n.細菌

viruses n.病毒

G

galaxy n.星系，銀河

[詳析]

1.A galaxy refers to a system of about 100 billion stars.2.The Milky Way 銀河系

genera n.（生物學）屬，類

geothermal energy n.地熱能

glacier n.冰河

global warming 全球變暖

[例句]

Worldwide temperatures have been rising which suggests a global warming.全世界溫度上升，說明全球正在變暖。

GMT（Greenwich Mean Time）格林威治平時

gorge n.山峽

[例句] Geological early-warning system has been set up in three gorges.在三峽建了地質預警系統

grain for green 退耕還林（還草）

grassland n 草地，草原

greenhouse effect n.溫室效應

[詳析]There is concern that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide and methane, may enhance the greenhouse effect and cause global warming.greenhouse gases n.溫室氣體

ground cover n.地被植物

[詳析] Ground cover refers to plants grown to keep soil from eroding.ground depression n.面沉降；地面塌陷

groundwater n.地下水

[詳析]

It means the supply of fresh water found beneath the surface of the Earth（usually in aquifers）that often supplies wells and springs.H

habitat n.自然環境，棲息地

Hazardous air pollutants（HAPs）危害性空氣污染物

[詳析]

chemicals that cause serious health and environmental effects.hazardous chemicals 有害化學物質

hazardous substance 危險品，有害物質

hazardous waste 危險廢棄物

haze n.薄霧，霾

headland n.岬

heat island effect 熱島效應

[詳析]

Cities form heat islands due to increased carbon dioxide.herbivore n.食草動物

[詳析]

Herbivore is an animal that feeds on plants.Himalayas 喜馬拉雅山（脈）

hot springs 溫泉

[擴展]

geysers 間歇泉

human exposure 人體照射

hydrocarbon n.氮氫化合物，烴

hydrology n.水文地理學

I

ice age 冰河時期，冰川代

[詳析]

Ice Age refers to the latest glacial epoch, the Pleistocene Epoch.ice sheet（continental glacier）（地）大冰原；冰盾

[詳析]

During the Pleistocene Epoch, ice sheets covered large parts of North America and northern Europe but they are now confined to polar regions（e.g., Greenland and Antarctica）。

ice shelf（海）冰架

industrial solid wastes工業固體廢物

infiltration（soil）n.滲透

[詳析]

Infiltration means movement of water from the ground surface into the soil.infrared n.紅外線

[詳析]

light that is so red humans cannot see it

infrared radiation 紅外線輻射

[詳析]

Abbreviated IR;also called “longwave radiation”.（簡寫為IR，又稱長波輻射）

insolation n.暴曬；（醫）中暑

international energy forum 國際能源論壇

international energy foundation 國際能源組織

isotherm n.等溫線

[詳析]

A line that joins places with the same temperature.isotope n.[化]同位素

K

karst n.喀斯特地形（由于腐蝕而產生裂隙，落水洞，潛流和洞穴的不規則的石灰巖地區）

a karst cave 水蝕石灰洞； 溶洞

L

La Nina phenomenon（氣候）拉尼娜現象

[詳析]

拉尼娜：拉尼娜是西班牙語“La Nina”-“小女孩”的意思。氣象和海洋學家用來專門指發生在赤道太平洋東部和中部海水大范圍持續異常變冷的現象（海水表層溫度低出氣候平均值0.5℃以上，且持續時間超過6個月以上）。拉尼娜也稱反厄爾尼諾現象。厄爾尼諾與拉尼娜現象通常交替出現，對氣候的影響大致相反，通過海洋與大氣之間的能量交換，改變大氣環流而影響氣候的變化。從近50年的監測資料看，厄爾尼諾出現頻率多于拉尼娜，強度也大于拉尼娜。

又見E 詞條中El Nino Southern Oscillation（ENSO）（氣候學）厄爾尼諾南徊現象

land subsidence 地面沉降

lapse rate（山區）氣溫垂直遞減梯度

latitudes 緯度

longitudes 經度

life zone（生）生物帶

lava n.熔巖，火山巖

leading-edge research 尖端研究

lightning n.閃電

limestone scenery 巖溶景色

[詳析]

Limestone scenery, or karst, forms some of the most attractive scenery in Britain.litter v.亂扔垃圾

litter n.（樹林里的）枯枝落葉層

local topography 當地地形

M

marine pollution n.海洋污染

marsh n.濕地，沼澤

[詳析]

Marsh is a type of wetland that does not accumulate appreciable peat deposits and is dominated by herbaceous vegetation.marsh gas；methane n.沼氣

mean annual temperatures n.年平均氣溫

mean monthly temperatures n.月平均氣溫

Mediterranean n./adj.地中海（的）

melting Snow n.融雪

meteor shower n.流星雨

micro-climates n.小氣候

microorganism n.微生物

mid and high latitudes 中高緯度地區

mineral n.礦物

mist n.薄霧

moist air 潮濕空氣

moldy adj.霉爛的 monsoon n.季候風；（印度等地的）雨季，季風

[詳析]

The monsoons are strongest in the southern and eastern sides of Asia, but also occur along the coasts of tropical regions wherever the planetary circulation is not strong enough to inhibit them.mosquito control n.蚊蟲控制

mountainous region n.山區

mouth n.入河口（入海口）

[詳析]

A mouth is where a river meets the sea or an ocean.N

natural selection n.[生]自然選擇，物競天擇說

[詳析]

The process of survival of the fittest by which organisms that adapt to their environment survive while those that do not adapt disappear.Natural disasters/ hazards n.自然災害、危害

[擴展]

debris flow n.泥石流

drought n.干旱

dust storm n.沙塵暴

extratropical cyclone n.溫帶氣旋

earthquake n.地震

flooding n.洪水，水災

forest fire n.森林火災

hail n.冰雹

hurricane n.颶風

hurricane warning n.颶風警報

hurricane watch n.颶風監視

storm surge n.風暴潮

tidal wave（a tsunami）n.海嘯

tornado n.旋風，龍卷風

tropical cyclone n.熱帶氣旋

tropical storm n.熱帶風暴

typhoon n.臺風

volcano erupting n.火山暴發

natural reserve / natural preservation zone 自然保護區

natural resource protection areas 自然資源保護區

nature-nurture 先天與后天；遺傳與環境

nebula（pl.nebulae）n.星云

nitrogen dioxide n.二氧化氮

Nitrogen oxide n.一氧化氮

noise pollution n.噪音污染

nutrient adj.有營養的 O

opacity n.不透明性

[詳析]

A glass window has almost 0% opacity, whereas a concrete wall has 100% opacity.ocean currents 洋流

ocean tide 海潮

oceanic plate 海洋板塊

oil spill 石油泄漏

organism n.生物體，有機體

P

pest n.害蟲，瘟疫

pesticide n.殺蟲劑

photosynthesis n.光合作用

planet n.行星

[擴展]

Planet Earth 地球

Planet Jupiter 木星

Planet mars 火星

Planet Mercury 水星

Planet Neptune 海王星

Planet Pluto 冥王星

Planet Saturn 土星

Planet Uranus 天王星

Planet Venus 金星

plankton n.浮游生物

[詳析]

plankton refers to passively floating or weakly motile aquatic plants（phytoplankton 浮游植物）and animals（zooplankton浮游動物）。

polar adj.（南，北）極的 Pollutant n.污染物質

Pollution Abstracts 《污染文摘》簡稱PA

pollution index n.污染指數

power plant n.發電站，發電廠

precipitation n.降水（暴雨、雪、凍雪或冰雹降落到地表的任何形式的水）

[詳析]Any or all forms of liquid or solid water particles that fall from the atmosphere and reach the Earth's surface.It includes drizzle, rain, snow, snow pellets, snow grains, ice crystals, ice pellets, and hail.primary energy n.一次能源

primary pollutant n.一次污染物

protect natural habitats 保護生存環境

PST = Pacific Standard Time太平洋標準時間

[擴展]

GMT = Greenwich Mean Time（time at 0 long.）格林尼治平時

EST = Eastern Standard Time（美國）東部時間

Q

Qinghai-Tibet plateau 青藏高原

quake n.震動； 地震

R

radiation protection 輻射防護

radioactive materials 放射性物質

rainfall n.下雨，雨量

rare or endangered species 珍稀瀕危物種

recycle n.回收

red tide（rapid propagation of sea algae）n.紅潮

reflectivity n.反射率

release n.釋放

renewable resources可再生資源

reservoir n.水庫，蓄水池

[例子]：

One of the goals is to have Three Gorges Dam act as a reservoir during China?s flood season.residue n.殘余物

resource degradation n.資源消耗

respiration n.呼吸，呼吸作用

Richter Scale n.里氏地震強度表

river basin 流域

S

salt marshes n.鹽沼

sand dunes n.沙丘

seasonal variation n.季節性波動

secondary pollutant n.二次污染物

seismic（earthquake）activity n.地震

seismic waves n.地震波

sewage treatment/ disposal n.污水處理

shelterbelt n.防護林

shrubland n.灌木林地

silviculture n.造林學，林學

[詳析]

Silviculture refers to management of forest land for timber.smog n.工業煙霧，煙霧污染

[詳析]

a mixture of pollutants, principally ground-level ozone, produced by chemical reactions in the air involving smog-forming chemicals.soil alkalinization n.土壤堿化

soil erosion n.土壤侵蝕

solar cycle n.太陽活動周期

solar wind n.太陽風

[詳析]

The wind from the Sun.source（the start of a river）n.源頭

space trash n.太空垃圾

Stalactite n.地鐘乳

[詳析]

Water dripping from the roofs of caves leave behind microscopic particles of calcium carbonate.These build up as icicle shaped stalactites.stalagmite n.石筍

stratosphere n.[氣]同溫層，最上層，最高階段（也是Las Vegas 賭城同名最高酒店）

sulfur dioxide n.二氧化硫

sunspot n.太陽黑子

[詳析]

A relatively dark, sharply defined region on the solar disk

Supernova n.超新星

surface albedo n.表面反照率

surface water n.地表水

swamp n.沼澤，濕地，煤層聚水

T

temperate adj.溫和的

temperate climate n.溫和的氣候

temperature variations n.氣溫變化

the amount of rainfall n.降雨量

the biological diversity n.生物多樣性

the eye n.風眼

[詳析]

the central part of the tropical storm

the Ganges 恒河

the ozone layer n.臭氧層

the Pacific Ring of Fire n.太平洋火環（世界上最主要的火山帶，系環繞太平洋的邊緣分布，號稱 “火環”）

thermal pollution n.熱污染

thermal power plants n.熱電站

three-D climate n.立體氣候

又見E 詞條中environmental lapse rate 氣溫垂直遞減率（如由山地地形引起）

Three Gorges Project n.三峽工程

Three Gorges reservoir n.三峽水庫

tree-hugger n.環境保護狂（有時甚至以抱樹的方式來護樹或宣示捍衛樹木的決心--的環保人士）

tropical rain forest n.熱帶雨林

tropical storm n.熱帶風暴

thunder n.雷，雷聲

toxic chemicals n.有毒化學物質

tributaries n.支流

tropical storm n.熱帶風暴

temperature inversion n.溫度逆增、逆溫現象

[詳析]

Temperature inversion is one of the weather conditions that are often associated with serious smog episodes in some portions of the country

tephra n.火山灰

[詳析]

Any rock material produced by a volcano.tundra n.苔原，凍土

[詳析]

A type of ecosystem dominated by lichens, mosses, grasses, and woody plants.It is found at high latitudes（arctic tundra）and high altitudes（alpine tundra）。

traffic congestion 交通擁塞

U

UV（ultraviolet）n.紫外線

[詳析]

Light that is so blue humans cannot see it.A band of the electromagnetic spectrum between the visible and the X-ray.Photons of ultraviolet light are more energetic than photons of visible light.UNCED 聯合國環境與發展大會（環發大會）

unlead gas n.無鉛汽油

urban refuse n.城市垃圾

urbanization n.城市化

urbanite n.都市人

V

vapor n./ v.蒸發

vegetation cover n.植被覆蓋

velocity n.迅速，快速； 周轉率

visibility n.可見度

volcanic eruption n.火山噴發

volcanoes n.火山

[擴展]

extinct volcano n.死火山

dormant volcano n.休眠火山

active volcano n.活火山

W

waste disposal n.廢物處理

water loss and soil erosion n.水土流失

water pollution n.水污染

watershed n.分水嶺

weather n.天氣

wetlands n.濕地

[詳析]

An area that is regularly saturated by surface water or groundwater and subsequently is characterized by a prence of vegetation that is adapted for life in saturated-soil conditions.wild fauna and flora n.野生動植物

wilderness n.荒野，未開墾的荒地

wildfire n.野火

wood ear n.木耳

woodland n.林地

World Environment Day（June 5）世界環境日

World Meteorological Day（March 23）世界氣象日

World Oceans Day（June 8）世界海洋日

World Water Day（March 22）世界水日

Z

zoo n.動物園

zoology n.動物學，生態

zooplankton n.浮游動物

SECTION II: 中譯英

1.白色污染 white pollution（non-degradable white plastics）

2.保護生存環境 protect natural habitats

3.城市垃圾 urban refuse

4.地面沉降 land subsidence;ground depression

5.二次污染物 secondary pollutant

6.二氧化氮 nitrogen dioxide

7.二氧化硫 sulfur dioxide

8.二氧化碳 carbon dioxide

9.防風治沙 check wind and control sand

10.防護林 shelterbelt

11.防治沙漠化 combat desertification

12.封山育林 set apart hills for forestry

13.工業固體廢物 industrial solid wastes

14.國際生物多樣性日 International Biodiversity Day（Dec.29）

15.國家環保基本方針 China?s guiding principle for environmental protection

16.國家環保總局 SEPA（State Environmental Protection Administration）

17.海洋生物 marine life

18.化害為利；變廢為寶 turn the harmful into the beneficial and waste into valuable

19.環保產品 environment-friendly products

20.環保意識 environmental awareness

21.環境惡化 environmental degradation

22.環境污染綜合防治 integrated control of environmental pollution

23.環境效益 environmental benefit

24.環境指標 environmental criteria

25.減少擁擠 decongestion

26.交通噪音 traffic noise

27.可再生資源 renewable resources

28.立體氣候 3-D climate

29.環發大會 UN Conference on Environment and Development（UNCED）

30.綠化運動 afforestation drive

綠色奧運green Olympic Games

1.綠色能源 green energy resource（e.g.the solar power 如：太陽能）

2.綠色企業 green enterprise

3.綠色食品 green food

4.牧場 pasture

5.牧放（吃草）graze

6.青藏高原 Qinghai-Tibet plateau

7.清潔能源 clean energy

8.全球變暖 global warming

9.熱帶風暴 tropical storm

10.熱帶雨林 tropical rain forest

11.熱島效應 heat island effect

12.熱污染 thermal pollution

13.人工降雨 artificial rain

14.三峽工程 Three Gorges Project

15.三峽工程three gorges project

16.三峽水庫 Three Gorges reservoir

17.森林覆蓋率 forest coverage

18.沙塵暴 dust storm;sand storm

19.沙漠化 desertification

20.生活污水 domestic sewage

21.生態技術 eco-technology

22.生態農業 eco-agriculture

23.生態示范區 ecodemonstration region / environment-friendly region

24.受災地區 disaster-affected area

25.水產資源 aquatic resources

26.水土流失 water loss and soil erosion

27.死亡率 mortality

28.死亡人數 death toll

29.酸雨 acid rain

30.太空垃圾 space trash

31.天然牧場 natural grazing ground

32.土地沙化 desertification

33.土地酸化 acidification

34.土壤堿化 soil alkalinization

35.土壤侵蝕 soil erosion

36.退耕還林還草 grain for green / return cultivated land to forestry or pasture

37.退田還林 restore the reclaimed land to forest

38.危險廢物 hazardous wastes

39.溫室氣體 greenhouse gases

40.污染指數 pollution index

41.污水處理 sewage treatment/ disposal

42.無公害蔬菜 “green” vegetable

43.無鉛汽油 unlead gas

44.先天與后天；遺傳與環境 nature-nurture

45.養蠶 sericulture

46.養蜂 beekeeping

47.養魚 fish culture;pisciculture

48.野生動植物 wild fauna and flora

49.一次能源 primary energy

50.一次污染物 primary pollutant

51.預防為主、防治結合的政策 policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control

52.珍稀瀕危物種 rare or endangered species

53.植樹節 National Tree-Planting Day

54.資源消耗 resource degradation

55.自然保護區 natural reserve;natural preservation zone

56.自然資源保護區 natural resource protection areas

57.綜合整治 comprehensive improvement

58.氣象學 meteorology

1）攝氏 centigrade;Celsius

2）華氏 Fahrenheit

3）雷 thunder

4）雹 hailstorm

5）霜 frost

6）霧 fog

7）對流 convection

8）天氣 weather 9）氣候 climate 10）氣候學 climatology 11）季風 monsoon 12）地中海氣候 Mediterranean climate 13）秋老虎 Indian summer 90.中國節氣 Solar Terms 1）立春 Beginning of Spring 2）雨水Rain Water 3）驚蟄Waking of Insects 4）春分Spring Equinox 5）清明Pure Brightness;Clear Brightness 6）谷雨Grain Rain 7）立夏Beginning of Summer 8）小滿Grain Full 9）芒種Grain in Ear 10）夏至Summer Solstice 11）小暑Slight Heat 12）大暑Great Heat 13）立秋Beginning of Autumn 14）處暑Limit of Heat 15）白露White Dew 16）秋分Autumnal Equinox 17）寒露Cold Dew 18）霜降Forest?s Descent

19）立冬Beginning of winter 20）小雪Slight Snow 21）大雪Great Snow 22）冬至Winter Solstice 23）小寒Slight Cold 24）大寒Great Cold 第七章 科技

SECTION I: 英譯中

2D（Two dimensional graphics images and animated images）平面

3D（Three dimensional graphics images and animated images）三維

3D Rendering 三維渲染

A aerial top dressing 空中施肥

advanced technology 先進技術

analog electronic technology 模擬電子技術

animation n.動畫片

AOL（America Online）美國在線

Apple Corporation 蘋果公司

artificial intelligence（AI）n.人工智能

[詳析] A field of science that has attempted to improve computers by trying to incorporate characteristics of human intelligence, such as the ability to understand natural language and to perform reasoning under certain conditions of uncertainty.artificial life（AL or Alife）n.人工生命

[詳析] New discipline that studies “natural” life by attempting to recreate biological phenomena from scratch within computers and other “artificial” media.Alife complements the traditional analytic approach of traditional biology with a synthetic approach in which, rather than studying biological phenomena by taking apart living organisms to see how they work, one attempts to put together systems that behave like living organisms.ASCII（American Standard Code for Information Interchange computer character set）美國信息交換標準碼

ATM（Automatic Teller Machines）自動柜員機

audio card n.聲卡

audio conference n.音頻會議； 電話會議

B

Biotechnology n.生物工程

Application which involves the deliberate manipulation of the DNA molecules, the substance within cells that carries the “recipe” for the organism and is inherited by offspring from parents.B2B and B2C 企業對企業（商家對商家），及企業對消費者的電子商務

bandwidth 帶寬

bar codes n.條形碼

[詳析]Alternate standards for marking products or other items for reading by laser beams

BBS（Bulletin Board Systems）公告板系統，論壇

bookmark n.電子書簽

browser n.瀏覽器

bullet train n.子彈頭列車

C

cache memory n.高速緩沖存儲器

caller ID display 來電顯示

camcorder n.便攜式攝像機

CD Burning 光盤刻錄

CDMA/TDMA 碼分多址（一種擴頻多址數字式通信技術）

[詳析] Code Division Multiple Access and Time Division Multiple Access dual-mode cellular telephones that aid in the receiving of fax and computer network data on computers and PDAs.CD-RW or CD-Rewritable 可重刻

chat lines or chat rooms n.聊天室

CPU（Central Processing Unit）n.中央處理器

cyberspace n.電腦空間

conductor n.導體

convection n.對流

cortex n.大腦皮層

cryonics n.人體冷凍法

[詳析] a branch of science that aims to develop reversible suspended animation.cutting-edge n.優勢；前沿，極其重要的狀態或位置

D

database n.數據庫

desktop videoconferencing n.（桌面）視頻會議

dial-up connection n.撥號連接

Digital Video（DV）/ Camcorder n.數碼攝像機

distance education（DE）n.遠程教育

E, F

E-Learning（or Web-based training）n.電子學習

encryption n.加密

firewall n.防火墻

Flash 由macromedia公司推出的交互式矢量圖和 Web 動畫的標準

frontier science and technology 科技發展前沿

FTP（File Transfer Protocol used for downloading files on the Internet）文件傳輸協議

genetic engineering n.遺傳工程

[詳析] the process of transferring DNA from one organism into another that results in a genetic modification;the production of a transgenic organism

H, I

hacker（phreaker）n.黑客，駭客

hard drive n.硬盤驅動器

hemisphere n.大腦半球

high scientific and technological content 科技含量高

home page n.主頁

insulator n.絕緣體

interactive television（ITV）n.互動電視

IBM= International Business Machines Corporation 美國國際商用機器公司

internet surfing n.網上沖浪

internet n.互聯網

intranet n.企業內部互聯網（局域網）

ISO（International Organization for Standardization）國際標準化組織

J,K, L

joystick（電腦游戲等）操縱桿

[詳析]A remote control device that can be used in place of a keyboard or a mouse to allow for interactions between a computer and its user.Joysticks are commonly used for computer games and usually connect through a serial port.jukebox n.自動點唱機

Kiosk n.多功能信息商亭

[詳析]A multimedia display system such as those used in marketing displays at conferences and in stores

LCD（Liquid Crystal Display）液晶顯示器

M

Mac（Macintosh）n.蘋果機

maglev train（magnetic levitation train）n.磁懸浮

manned spaceflight n.載人航天飛行

MD（minidisk）n.小型磁盤

MIDI（Musical Instrument Digital Interface）n.迷笛，數碼音樂

microcircuit n.微電路

modem n.?貓?，調制解調器

multimedia n.多媒體

[詳析]The ability to combine audio, visual, and possibly other types of hardware into a presentation

molecular science n.分子科學

N

natural sciences n.自然科學

nerd n.不善社交、專心致志搞科研或精于科研的人；書呆子

[詳析] A person with no social skills, usually obsessed with science or technology（geek is more computer specific）。Nerds are known for their pocket protectors, taped glasses, and plaid shirts.Many nerds are also geeks, using the net as a safe screen to hide behind while practicing their social skills.neuron n.神經元

new and high technology industries n.高新技術產業

notebook computer n.筆記本電腦

O,P

Omega point n.歐米伽點

[詳析] a possible future state when intelligence controls the universe totally, and the amount of information processed and stored goes asymptotically towards infinity.P2P（Peer to Peer Networking）n.對等網絡

PC（Personal Computer）n.個人電腦

PDA（Personal Digital Assistant）n.個人數字助理，掌上電腦

Pentium 奔騰，Intel公司生產的CPU芯片

第四篇：考試經驗：中高級口譯口試備考心得

考試經驗：中高級口譯口試備考心得

先來介紹一下英語中級口譯考試吧。想要拿到英語中級口譯證書，需要過筆試和口試。英語中級口譯考試每年舉行兩場，筆試在每年3月和9月的下午舉行，口試則在之后的幾個禮拜里舉行。上午則是高級口譯考試。過了筆試的話，就可以報口試，一共可以考4次。沒有在這4次里通過的話，則需要再次考筆試，才能有資格考口試。

來說一下口試的測試題型吧。口試采用段落翻譯的形式，即微型演講文翻譯的形式。翻譯總量為四篇短文，其中兩篇為“英譯漢”，兩篇為“漢譯英”。英譯漢與漢譯英總量為650個詞左右。每篇短文分為四個句段進行口譯，每一句段播放后，有15~30秒的間隙供我們口譯成目標語。這15~30秒的時間由口譯錄音信號控制，大家到時候練習的時候就知道了。到時候，還會發一張口譯記錄紙，用來在聽錄音時做一下必要的筆記。

從選材范圍看，口試選取一般話題范圍內的對話、致辭、講話、講座等材料，題材帶有普遍性，圍繞社會、時代與日常生活內容，難度適中。

準備這次口試，我買的書不多，用到就是《英語中級口譯資格證書 口譯實考試卷解析》 第三版（最新的是第四版）和《中級口譯教程》。

《英語中級口譯資格證書 口譯實考試卷解析》這本書包含筆試和口試的歷年真題，而《中級口譯教程》則是官方指定用書，必然有它的權威性，有好幾次口試的短文出自這本書，所以此書的重要性不言而喻了。

說一下《中級口譯教程》的使用。這本書從第二單位開始了，講了14個的不同的主題，每個主題下面又分四篇短文，每篇短文前都有單詞詞組提煉。我覺得單是這本書的信息量已經很巨大了，如果把此書背得滾瓜爛熟，口試就只是一個小case了。我那時候時間有限，只是把這本書背了一遍，再粗粗地看了幾遍。練第一篇的時候，我的挫折感很大。錄音放了一句話，我要翻譯的時候，又是想單詞，又是語法，常常連錄音的內容都忘記了。我感覺直接進行口譯，難度很大，所以我改變策略——降低難度，先從背誦文章開始。我會大聲朗讀、大聲背誦，記清楚里面的語法和詞匯。堅持背誦了五個單元左右，我對口譯沒有那么恐懼了，雖然準確率還是不高，但是已經很有感覺了。接下來，就是嘗試口譯了。錄音放一句，我口譯一句。這段過程其實是很枯燥的，有好幾次我想放棄，覺得不考也沒關系。可是，想想自己已經念了那么多，放棄了，以前的努力就白費了，真不劃算，所以還是硬著頭皮上了。這樣堅持下來，效果是喜人的。

當然除了學習教程和練習真題，我還會聽點VOA或者BBC。數量不多，每天一篇就行，但是要保證是精聽或聽寫。這樣的話，我既可以了解時事，還可以增加英語詞匯。其中聽寫新聞，可以幫助鍛煉大腦的瞬時記憶能力，之前我會忘記錄音語句，一個是因為詞匯量和語法的問題，一個就是因為瞬時記憶能力不高。所以堅持了一段時間聽寫新聞，明顯感覺自己能記清楚了。學有余力的同學們，可以再多做幾篇，效果肯定更好。

除了多聽、多練、多說這些萬年不變的攻克英語考試的法寶之外，英語口譯考試也考查同學們的心理素質。口試考試采用的個別面試的形式，雖然試題有錄音播放，但是會有兩個老師監考并對你打分。假如我們準備充分，但是一緊張就忘詞的話，就會影響口試成績了。所以，大家要鍛煉自己的膽量，比如不要放過公開演講的機會等等。

以上只是我個人準備中級口譯口試的方法，供大家參考，大家應該在自我實踐中，找到最適合自己的方法。但是有一點很重要：不管你選擇的是怎么樣的方法，唯有堅持，才能成功。

中高級口譯考試是全國含金量比較高的素質英語考試之一，其試題難度大，題量多。如果沒有扎實的英語基礎和有針對性的復習，想要通過考試還是很有難度滴~~因此如果你沒通過考試要仔細想想自己是由于基礎不夠好還是因為復習沒有針對性捏？

如果基礎不牢靠的話就要加強基本功的訓練哦。基本功包括聽說讀寫譯五部分，而中高級口譯考試包括三大部分，分別為翻譯，聽力和閱讀，因此這個考試全面考察了考生的基本功。自己分析一下究竟自己的薄弱環節是什么？無論想提高哪一項踏實認真的態度是必須要有滴！

想提高聽力水平的話，每天堅持聽VOA,BBC是個不錯的方法，如果想精聽的話可以來滬江網參加VOA聽寫節目。當然了，看英文電影，聽英文歌曲也是個不錯的方法，既放松又能提高聽力水平。光聽還是不行的，及時歸納總結時事詞匯也是很有必要的。

閱讀的話建議多看英文報紙和瀏覽國外的權威網站。其實在滬江英語站也有不少很好的雙語文章呢~。如果想讓閱讀更有意思的話也可以挑戰一下英文原版小說，開始的時候可以挑些簡單的來看，慢慢地你就會發現自己的詞匯量增加了，閱讀水平真的提高了。

英文報刊報紙閱讀網址大全 美國100強雜志網站分類大全 翻譯是五項技能里要求最高的一項，即需要做到中英文互相流暢的轉換。兩種語言的功底都要過硬哦！如果是短時間想突破翻譯的話，可以總結中文和英文兩種語言的差別，了解一些翻譯技巧。英語表達方式通常被形象得比喻為“樹形”結構，有主有次，層次清晰而中文的則被形容為“葡萄”式的，這是因為中文更加注重語義，強調“意合”。另外英語多長句，漢語多短句，英語多被動，漢語多主動。這些在翻譯中都是要注意的地方，防止出現不倫不類的譯文哦~~

>>>口譯備考專題| 翻譯技巧掌握<<<

如果是由于“裸考”造成的沒通過，那可就要好好研究一下中高口的題型嘍！做多幾套真題，總結做題的技巧和方法很重要。而且由于中高口考試是素質英語考試，因此有針對性得復習一些熱門詞匯還是很重要的。

第五篇：中高級口譯口試常見句式總結 精華

中高級口譯口試常見句式總結

中高級口譯考試的口試部分，向來以題目難度大，要求苛刻而著稱。整個考試，特別是高級口譯的口試，對考生聽說譯的基本功要求都很高。當然，在苦練基本功之余，考生們也不妨花點時間，了解口試中各類題材的特點和常用句型，取得事半功倍的效果。

第一大類、大會講話類（Conference Address）

大會講話為中高級口譯考試必考題材，特別是高口，幾乎是無講話不成題。這類題材是最能體現套路句型威力的一部分，一旦抓住展現背誦成果的機會，將給大家的應考帶來很大的優勢。反過來說，如果這個部分完全不熟悉句型套路，翻船也幾乎是一定的了。

1、講話類可以是很口語的句子。

比如：“今天我很高興在這里跟大家談談求職面試的話題”。聽到這句話后，考生立刻作出判斷——這是非正式類句型，不用大詞，力求口語化。所以以下的句型是要脫口而出的，“I’m glad to talk to all of you about job interviews.”這個句型簡單，所以輸

出一定要十分流暢，毫不猶豫。

2、講話類也可以很正式。

比如：“今天我很高興在這里就中國在知識產權保護領域所做出的努力，向大會發表講話。”我們立刻判斷出幾點：A跨國交往B較為正式C需要比較唬人的句型。所以立刻反應出這樣一句：“ Today I’m honored and privileged to take this opportunity to address the conference on the topic of China’s efforts in protecting Intelligent Property

Rights.”

在這個句型里，honored and privileged 是套話，不僅要背誦，還要念得好聽到位。To take this opportunity 是原句中沒有的一層意思，建議考生炫一下，展示自己曾經背過，心中有料。Address的用法特別需要強調，后面往往跟conference，audience 等的表示場合的集合名詞，不大跟表示個人的短語，如 distinguished guests here 等，更不能跟everybody here，you guys 等不嚴肅的稱謂，原因顯而易見。

以上兩個句子，只是在監考老師“不想認真考儀式講話”的時候，一帶而過進入正題用的，如果他們要板起臉來考考句子的話，就很可能會出現以下的句型。

3、“值此a-XXXX(往往為金風送爽，春暖花開，秋高氣爽等四字格)之際，我謹代表b-XXX,并以我個人的名義，向各位遠道/從百忙中撥冗前來參加今天的c-XXXX的各位嘉賓們，表

達我的d-XXX。”

雖然考試中，考儀式類講話也未見得會這么復雜，但是我們還是要做好準備。除了整句要背，而且是背到不假思索、滾瓜爛熟，還要會關注其中的變量（variables），即XXX的部

分。我們一個一個的看看：

a.后面跟的四字格往往在中文的部分已經讓人望而卻步，很多考生甚至在四字格一出來，已經心理崩潰，無心戀戰了。其實這樣的四字格有一個很聰明的處理辦法——把它們作為時間狀語放在句子的最后，而不是在整句的開頭去拼命想要翻一個文采驚人的版本，因為這恰恰是很多考生考場失語的主因。當其他的句子成分都已經成功解決之后，這個時間狀語只要點到跟季節有關的詞，如Spring, Autumn之類的，過關已經足夠，如果能再加上 when the agreeable breezes of the beautiful Autumn bring us another harvest season 等等和原文不是那么貼近，但是比較像樣的句子，已經是錦上添花了。

b.往往會出現某要人的名字及頭銜，如“公司總經理張先生”等。這里只要注意“先姓名，后頭銜”的原則，就不會有問題了。比如上面的例子，最好口譯為“Mr.Zhang, the general manager of our company”。我們要盡量避免漢語的語序，如：“the general manger of our company, Mr.Zhang”。當然，如果用了后面的這個版本，雖然不是很地道，但是過

關還是可以的。

c.往往有某活動，某會議這樣的詞匯。口譯中常用的詞匯當然少不了。口試中meeting, conference 都已經不樂意考了。如今一出手往往就是Seminar（研討會），Symposium(學術報告會)，forum(論壇)，gathering/ evening(晚會)等等，所以各種類型的會議名稱

大家一定也要成竹在胸。

d.大家要多準備幾個“表達”的語匯。最常見的當然是 to extend my heartfelt thanks/ my deepest appreciations，其次我們可以說to extend my greetings(表達問候)，to extend my warmest welcome(表達熱烈的歡迎)，to extend my sincere/ earnest congratulations(表達衷心祝賀)等，這些都是口譯考試中常常出現的套語。

除了背誦句型之外，大家也要關注筆記。因為這個部分的句子往往更長，考生大多需要借助筆記。為了降低筆記壓力，這些背誦過的句型，大家不妨減少動筆次數。最佳的策略就是“多記變量，少記常量”。更具體的問題，歡迎大家在課堂上展開討論了。