第一篇：高中英語主謂一致講解及練習

高中英語主謂一致

一）主謂一致的種類

1．語法形式上的一致

1)主語為單數形式（一個單數名詞，一個ving（短語），一個to do（短語）或一個從句），謂語動詞用單數形式；主語為復數形式（復數名詞，兩個或兩個以上的ving（短語）、to do（短語）或從句），謂語動詞也用復數形式。如： The number of the students present is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.Giving Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.2）當主語后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復數視主語而定。如： The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.3）不定代詞作主語，主語是one，another，the other，either，somebody，anybody，everybody，nobody，someone，anyone，everyone, no one，something，anything，everything，nothing等，謂語用單數。Nobody knows exactly how many species of plants and animals are on Earth.Everyone was calm.4）復數形式的名詞作主語。主語是glasses, shorts, shoes, scissors, gloves, trousers等復數名詞，謂語用復數。但其前有“pair/ kind/ type of ”時，謂語動詞的數一般與pair，kind, type等的一致。The trousers are all right.Now please try on the shirt.A pair of Funky Swanky jeans costs 80yuan ,available in all Funky Swanky shops now.2．意義上一致

1）主語形式雖為單數，但意義為復數，謂語動詞用復數。如：The crowd were shouting.單數形式代表復數內容的詞有：people, police, cattle等。People often use body language on purpose.The police are searching for the thief.2)某些集體名詞，如family, audience，class，club，company，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數形式，如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復數形式。如：

His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.3）不定代詞any, either, neither, none, all some, more, the rest, half等作主語時，有以下兩種情況：

單獨作主語時，視其在文中的意義，動詞用單數(指代不可數名詞)或復數（指代復數名詞）形式，例如： Now all has been changed.All are present.either, neither單獨作主語時，謂語通常用單數。

但后接of時，若of的賓語為不可數名詞，動詞當然用單數形式，若of的賓語為復數名詞或代詞時，動詞可以是單數，也可以是復數，在正式文體中，單數形式的動詞更常用。如： Do(es)any of you know his address ? None of them has(have)seen the film.4）復數形式的單、復數同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致原則，作用單數意義時，謂語用單數，反之，謂語用復數。這類名詞有：means（方法），works（工廠），species（種類），Chinese，Japanese等。單、復數同形的名詞deer，sheep做主語時，謂語動詞應根據意義決定單、復數。如： A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.如： The(This)glass works was set up in 1980.(這家玻璃廠建于1980年。)The（These）glass works are near the railway station.（這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。）

5）主語形式為復數，而意義上卻是單數，謂語動詞用單數，形復意單的單詞有news和一些以ics結尾的學科名稱，如physics，politics, economics等。如：The news was so surprising.6）當名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書名等復數名詞時，往往可以根據意義一致的原則，把這些復數名詞看作一個整體，謂語用單數形式。如： Three years has passed since then.Ten pounds is enough.7）“名詞+and+名詞”做主語，并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數形式，這時and后面的名詞前沒有冠詞。如： The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.8）“分數/百分數+of+名詞”作主語，要根據of后的名詞確定謂語動詞的單復數。名詞為不可數名詞或單數可數名詞時，謂語用單數；名詞為復數時，謂語用復數。

80% of e-mails on the Internet are in English.Two thirds of the apple is rotten.Two thirds of the apples are rotten.9)名詞化的形容詞作主語

如果主語由“the+形容詞（或過去分詞）”結構擔任時，謂語通常用復數，這類詞有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少數的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時指個別，則用單數。如：

The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known engineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個體時，就要與名詞man, person或表示人的單數連和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier 10)不定代詞“each,/every+單數名詞+and+單數名詞”或“each,/every+單數名詞+and+ each,/every+單數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。如：

Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.In other words, every action and movement in Beijing Opera is important.11)從句作主語

由what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞通常用單數，但由what引導的主語從句所指的具體內容是復數意義時，謂語動詞一般用復數形式，例如： What we need is more time What we need are doctors.12)“a number of+名詞復數”，謂語用復數，“the number of +復數名詞”謂語用單數。

13）“a quantity of +不可數名詞/可數名詞”作主語，謂語動詞的數取決于名詞是否可數。“quantities of +不可數名詞/ 可數名詞” 作主語，謂語用復數。A large quantity of beer was drunk.A large quantity of nuts are on the table.(large)Quantities of nuts are on the table.3．就近原則,即謂語動詞的單、復數形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。

1)用連詞or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數應根據就近一致的原則。如： Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.2)如果主語由more than one…或many a…構成，盡管從意義上看是復數內容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數形式。如： More than one student has read the book.Many a girl has been there.但是，“more +復數名詞+than one”結構之后，謂語動詞一般多用復數形式。如： More members than one are against your plan.3）在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture.There is a station and a free car park

1.Three ______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A.hundreds people B.hundred people C.hundreds peoples D.hundred peoples 2.Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand out 3.I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.A.am B.is C.are D.be 4.The Olympic Games in the year 2008 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all.A.is to hold;is B.is to be held;was C.are to hold;is D.are to be held;is 5.There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up.A.were;it B.are;them C.was;it D.is;them 6.Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city.A.is exploited B.are exploited C.had exploited D.have exploited 7.Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now.A.is B.was C.are D.were 8.Mathematics _______ the language of science.A.are B.are going to be C.is D.is to be 9.Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country.A.is B.are C.was D.were 10.________ either of your parents come to see you recently? A.Have B.Had C.Has D.Is 11.What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books.A.is B.are C.have D.has 12.The whole family _______ TV attentively.A.are watching B.is watching C.is seeing D.are seeing 13.Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday.A.was B.were C.have been D.would be 14.At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.A.were B.was C.is D.sits 15.If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.A.are not preserved B.is not preserved C.were preserved D.have not been preserved 16.There ______ little change in that middle school.A.have B.had C.have been D.has been 17.What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all.A.going to be B./ C.is D.that 18.Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water.A.is covered B.is covering C.were covered D.are covered 19.The following ______ some other mental diseases.A.being B.are C.was D.were 20.Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out.A.are B.is C.am D.were 21.“ The Kites” ______ us a story of the kite’s history.A.have told B.tells C.were told D.was told 22.You and I _____ twin sisters.A.were B.are C.is D.am 23.A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers.A.are telling B.is telling C.are given D.were given 24.Thousands of tons of rubbish ________ over a large period of time.A.rots away B.rot away C.has rotted away D.are rotted away 25.Mayor as well as volunteer workers _______ the newly-built stadium.A.is cleaning B.are cleaning C.were cleaning D.have cleaned 26.Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln.A.have known B.knows C.is known D.are known 27.The defence works ______ built long ago to keep the enemy away.A.were B.has been C.had been D.was 28.“ Have you all studied the passage‘Using the Mind against Disease’？” “______.”

A.Nobody of us has B.Nobody of us have C.None of us has D.None of us did 29.A group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position.A.were advancing B.were advanced C.was advancing D.advancing 30.Everyone, men and women, old and young ______ sports and games.A.is enjoy B.were enjoying C.enjoys D.enjoy

1.解析：選B.hundred一詞前面有具體數詞修飾時不加-s 2.解析：選D.當either ?or 連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞在人稱和數上和后一個主語保持一致。“be+不定式”表示按計劃或安排將要發生的動作。

3.解析：選A.who 為引導定語從句的關系代詞，其先行詞是I , 所以謂語動詞要用am.4.解析：選D.主語the Olympic Games 意為：奧運會，謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數形式；后半部分為which引導的非限制情定語從句，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。

5.解析：選C.there be句型中be動詞的單復數取決于其后的主語，a lot of rubbish(不可數名詞)，因此后面謂語動詞要用單數。

6.解析：選A.主語為coal, 是不可數名詞。根據題意，此處要用被動語態。

7.解析：選A.主語Stories of the Long March 是書名，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數形式。8.解析：選C.此處mathematics 為學科名詞，作主語時謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數形式。9.解析：選B.both----and---連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數形式。10.解析：選C.either 是主語部分的中心詞，助動詞要與either要數上保持一致。

11.解析：選B.what 引導的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞要根據后面的名詞的數來決定，此處要用非第三人稱單數形式。

12.解析：選A.此處指：家里的各個成員，所以謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數形式。13.解析：選A.此處nothing句子的主語，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數形式。14.解析：選A.此句為倒裝句，句子的主語是a soldier and two young people.15.解析：選B.此處主語law and order 指的是同一個概念，所以謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數形式.16.解析：選D.此處there be結構中的主語little change是不可數名詞。17.解析：選C.本句是主語從句，缺謂語，所以要用第三人稱單數形式。

18.解析：選A.本句缺謂語，主語percent后面是不可數名詞，所以要用第三人稱單數形式。19.解析：選B.本句的表語 是復數形式，所以謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數形。20.解析：選C.根據 就近一致性原則，謂語用am.21.解析：選B.本句的主語是書名，從整體考慮，謂語是第三人稱單數形。22.解析：選B.用and連接兩個并列主語時，謂語用非第三人稱單數形.23.解析：選B.本句主語是同一個人，謂語用第三人稱單數形式。

24.解析：選B.本句主語是tons, 是復數形式，rot是不及物動詞，不可用被動形式。25.解析：選A.本句主語Mayor是單數形式，謂語用第三人稱單數形式。

26.解析：選B.主語many a student 意思是復數，形式是單數。謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數形。27.解析：選D.主語works 是集合名詞，當成整體考慮，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數形。Long ago 表示過去.28.解析：選C.因為問句是完成時態，答句要用完成時態回答，另外主語不可用nobody of us.29.解析：選A.主語a group of 在本句中表示具體每個人。

30.解析：選C.本句主語是不定代詞everyone，為單數主語，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數形。

第二篇：高中英語主謂一致

高中英語主謂一致

一）主謂一致的種類

1．語法形式上的一致

主語為單數形式，謂語動詞用單數形式；主語為復數形式，謂語動詞也用復數形式。如： The number of the students present is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.2．意義上一致

1）主語形式雖為單數，但意義為復數，謂語動詞用復數。如：The crowd were shouting.單數形式代表復數內容的詞有：people, police, cattle等。2）主語形式為復數，而意義上卻是單數，謂語動詞用單數。如：The news was so surprising.形復意單的單詞有news和一些以ics結尾的學科名稱，如physics，politics, economics等。

3．就近原則

即謂語動詞的單、復數形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等連接的并列主語，如果一個是單數，一個是復數，謂語動詞與靠近它的主語一致。如：

Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.（二）主謂一致的應用 1．名詞作主語

1）某些集體名詞，如family, team等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數形式，如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復數形式。如：

His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.這類名詞有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。

名詞population一詞的使用情況類似。“a group(crowd)of +復數名詞”等短語之后的謂語動詞也同樣可用單數或復數，前者強調整體，后者強調各個部分。

2）某些集體名詞，如people, police, cattle等，只當復數看待，謂語動詞必須用復數。如： The police are searching for the thief.3）單、復數同形的名詞主語時，謂語動詞應根據意義決定單、復數。如： A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.4）名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語時，動詞一般用單數。如：

The doctor’s is across the street.My uncle’s is not far from here.常見的省略名詞有：the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等。

表示店鋪的名詞，一般作集體名詞看待，但用作主語時，謂語動詞往往用復數。如： Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.5）當名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書名等復數名詞時，往往可以根據意義一致的原則，把這些復數名詞看作一個整體，謂語用單數形式。如：

Three years has passed since then.6）不定代詞each, every, no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多主語時，謂語動詞仍用單數形式。如： Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.7）如果主語有more than one…或many a…構成，盡管從意義上看是復數內容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數形式。如：

More than one student has read the book.Many a girl has been there.但是，“more +復數名詞+than one”結構之后，謂語動詞一般多用復數形式。如： More members than one are against your plan.8）一些有兩個部分構成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主語用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞”構成時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式。如：

A pair of shoes was on the desk.9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（這種書），其謂語動詞用單數；短語this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口語)（這一類人），但this kind of men的謂語動詞用單數，men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語動詞用復數，all kinds of后跟復數名詞，謂語動詞用復數形式。如：

This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.10）復數形式的單、復數同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致原則，作用單數意義時，謂語用單數，反之，謂語用復數。這類名詞有：means（方法），works（工廠），species（種類），Chinese，Japanese等。如：

The(This)glass works was set up in 1980.(這家玻璃廠建于1980年。)The（These）glass works are near the railway station.（這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。）當它們前面有a, such a , this, that修飾時，謂語用單數；有all, such, these, those修飾時，謂語用復數，但means, no means, the means等詞前沒有以上修飾詞時，可用作單數，也可用作復數。

11）如果名詞詞組中心詞是all，most, half, rest等詞語，所指的復數意義，謂語動詞用復數形式；反之，用單數。如：

All of my classmates like music.All of the water is gone.12)在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture.2．由連接詞連接的名詞作主語

1）用and或both…and連接并列主語，謂語動詞通常用復數形式。如： Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.但是，并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數形式，這時and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。如：

Truth and honesty is the best policy.The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.2）當主語后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復數而定。如：

The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.３）以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數應根據就近一致的原則。如：

Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.3．代詞作主語

1）名詞性物主代詞作主語時，既可以用作單數，也可以用作復數，這取決于它所代替的是單數還是復數。如：

Ours(Our Party)is a great party.Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes)are brown.2）such, the same起指示代詞作用時，應根據其所指的內容來決定單、復數。如： Such is our plan.Such are his words.3）關系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。如：

Those who want to go please put up your hands.Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.4）疑問代詞who, what, which作主語時，謂語動詞可根據說話人所要表達的意思決定單、復數。如：

Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu.Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu.What produce(s)heat ?

5）不定代詞any, either, neither, none, all some, more等作主語時，有以下兩種情況：

單獨作主語時，視其在文中的意義，動詞用單數或復數形式，例如： Now all has been changed.All are present.either, neither單獨作主語時，謂語通常用單數。

但后接of時，若of的賓語為不可數名詞，動詞當然用單數形式，若of的賓語為復數名詞或代詞時，動詞可以是單數，也可以是復數，在正式文體中，單數形式的動詞更常用。如：

Do(es)any of you know his address ? None of them has(have)seen the film.4．分數、量詞作主語

1）“分數或百分數+名詞”構成的短語以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名詞”構成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數保持一致，這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語，例如：

Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和這種情況類似的還有“a number of+名詞復數”，但是，“the number of +名詞”的中心詞卻是number, 試比較：

A number of students have gone home.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.注意：(large)quantities of修飾可數或不可數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復數，例如：

Quantities of food(nuts)were on the table.短語in quantity, in large quantities意為“大量”；in small quantities意為“少量”。2）a great deal of , a large amount of修飾不可數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數；large amounts of修飾不可數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數，例如：

A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.3）表示數量的one and a half后，名詞要用復數形式，但是其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式，例如：

One and a half bananas is left on the table.4）half of,(a)part of修飾可數名詞單數及不可數名詞時，謂語動詞用單數，修飾可數名詞復數時，謂語動詞用復數。

5．名詞化的形容詞作主語

如果主語由“the+形容詞（或過去分詞）”結構擔任時，謂語通常用復數，這類詞有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少數的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時指個別，則用單數。如：

The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known engineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個體時，就要與名詞man, person或表示人的單數連和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier 6．從句作主語

1）由what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞通常用單數，但所指的具體內容是復數意義時，謂語動詞一般用復數形式，例如：

What we need is more time.What we need are doctors.2）在“one of+復數名詞++who/that/which”引導的從句結構中，關系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復數名詞而不是one，因此，從句中的動詞應該是復數形式。如：

This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.但是當one之前有the only等修飾語時，關系代詞的先行詞是one，而不是靠近它的復數名詞，因此從句的動詞應是單數形式。如：

She was the only one of the girls who was late.

第三篇：主謂一致練習

定語從句專項練習題1.Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west.Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.A.running;that B.run;who C.running;who D.run;that 2.This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.A.when B.where C.that D.on which 3.Mr.Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.A.where B.when C.which D.how 4.The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________.A.that the little girl asks him B.the little girl asks him to C.for the little girl to ask him D.what the little girl asks him 5.—How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? —Oh, that’s easy.I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided.A.which B.in which C.of which D.whose 6.October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.A.when B.that C.what D.which 7.The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.A.when B.where C.which D.whose 8.There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.A.which B.where C.when D.what 9.I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.A.which B.what C.that D.when 10.The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.A.as B.when C.until D.before 11.________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China.We must unify it.A.It B.As C.Which D.What 12.I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.A.when, which B.that, which C.which, that D.when, that 13.The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store.A.that which B.one that C.that of which D.this of which 14.There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.A.that B.what C.which D.as 15.The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A.all whose homes B.all of whose homes C.all their homes D.all of their homes 16.The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.A.who B.when C.on which D.which 17.Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year? A.where B.that C.the one that D.the one where

18.Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.A.when B.that C.who D.where 19.The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift.A.that B.as C.which D.and 20.He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________ time he learned much spoken English.A.that B.this C.which D.same 答案與解析：

1.A.主語與run(延伸)是主動關系，所以用現在分詞。Those指街道，所以不用who而用that來引導定語從句。2.B.因為在此題中where引導定語從句，表示“在這種種況下”，與in which相當。3.A.因為先行詞是Beijing而不是this autumn所以用where引導定語從句。

4.B.答案B是省略了關系代詞that的定語從句，另外，to后還省略了動詞原形paint。5.C.因為of which引導定語從句，并在從句中作定語。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。6.D.因為這是個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面一句話的內容。

7.B.因為表示“階段、程度、地步”的the point在定語從句中作地點狀語，所以用where引導定

語從句。8.B.因為先行詞是research centers并在定語從句中作狀語，所以用where。

9.C.因為當先行詞是表示事物的all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing等時，多用that引導定語從句。

10.因為先行詞是the time，且在定語從句中作狀語，所以用when引導。此題的先行詞與定語從句被主句謂語分開了，要善于辨別。11.B.先行詞是Taiwan is a part of China整個主句，一般由as或which引導定語從句，但which引導的定語從句只能放在主句之后，另外，as有“正如”之意，而which沒有，所以用as。順便說說，原句改為：It is known to everybody that Taiwan is?= What is known to everybody is that Taiwan is?

12.A.兩空都是考查定語從句，先行詞分別是the day和Shen Zhou V was launched, the day在定語從句中作狀語，用when引導；后句是非限制性定語從句，不能用that，要用which。13.A.因為替代不可數名詞(the bread)只能用that，排除B和D；又因為先行詞that(the bread)在定語從句中作buy的賓語，用which，所以選A。14.D.當定語從句的先行詞前有such, so, as等詞語時，由as引導，并且as在定語從句中作主語或賓語，as在此題中作dream of的賓語。注意：在表示“如此?以致?”的such /so?that?結構中，that不作任何句子成份。15.B.考查非限制性定語從句，all of whose homes = all of their homes他們所有的房子。16.D.因為先行詞是前面整個句子，且在從句中作主語，所以用which。of course是插入語。17.D.將疑問句改為陳述句：this research center is?顯然缺少先行詞，必須加上代詞the one來作先行詞，又因定語從句不缺主語或賓語，所以用關系副詞where。假若在this后加the，就選where，請想想這是為什么。18.A.因為先行詞是the days，并在定語從句中作狀語。19.B.當先行詞前有so時，用as引導定語從句，as在從句中作主語或賓語。假若在lift后加上it，答案就是that了，請想想這是為什么。

20.C.因前后均的句子，必須要選連詞，排除B和D；又因在介詞后不能用that來引導定語從 主謂一致練習

1.About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.A.are/is B.are/are C.is/are D.are 2.Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____.A.is/years

B.are/year old C.is/years old D.are/years of age 3.Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground.A.play

B.are playing C.plays D.is playing 4.The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand.A.are

B.has C.have

D.is 5.Thirty dollars _____ too expensive.A.are

B.is C.were

D.be 6.The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.A.is

B.are

C.was D.has 7.The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now.A.are speaking

B.is speaking

C.were making a speech D.have a speech 8.“If anybody _____, please put down _____ name,” said the teacher to the monitor.A.wants to buy the book/his B.want to buy the book/their

C.will buy the book/one's

D.wants to have the book bought/her 9.Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room.A.are B.is stayed

C.is

D.are left 10.Having arrived at the station, _____.A.it was found that the train had left

B.the train had left

C.the train was found left

D.he found that the train had left 11.Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower”.A.stands

B.standing

C.which stands D.stand 12.Either of you _____ going there tonight.A.will

B.was

C.is

D.are 13.You as well _____ right.A.I are

B.I am

C.as I am D.as I are 14.All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term.A.are

B.is

C.were D.was 15.-Shall I wait here for three hours?

-Yes.Three hours _____ to wait for such a doctor.A.are not very long for you

B.is not long enough for you

C.was not long enough for you

D.will be too long for you 16.Where to get the materials and how to get them _____ at the meeting.A.have not discussed

B.have not been discussed

C.has not discussed

D.has not been discussed 17.I took mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very important for me to make further research in this field.A.what is

B.they are

C.this

D.which are 18.Every student and every teacher _____.A.are going to attend the meeting B.have attended the meeting

C.has attended the meeting

D.is attended the meeting 19.Three fourths of the bread _____ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _____ left on the table.A.was eaten/were

B.were eaten/was

C.were eaten/were D.was eaten/was 20.This pair of shoes _____.A.is her

B.is hers C.are hers

D.are her

21.There ______ no life on the moon.A.is said to have

B.are said to have

C.is said to be

D.are said to be

22.A group of ______ are eating ______ and ______ at the foot of the hill

A.sheep;grass;leaves

B.sheeps grasses

leaves

C.sheep;grass leaf

D.sheeps grass leafs

23.My family raise a lot of _______, including two______.A.cattles cows

B.cows cattle C.cattle cows

D.cow, cattles

24.What he says and what he does_______.A.does not agree

B.do not agree C.does not agree with D.not agree

25.The boy and the girl each ______ toys.A.have their own B.has their own C.have her own D.has her own

26.She is the only one among the ______ writers who ______stories for children.A.woman, writes B.women write C.women writes

D.woman write

27.The railway station is ______from our school.A.two hour`s drive

B.two hours` drive

C.two hour drive

D.two hours drive

28.Mike and John`s ______.A.father is a teacher

B.fathers are teachers

C.father are teachers

D.fathers are teacher

29.A great deal of talking and listening that ______ under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless.A.is occurred

B.are occurred

C.occurs

D.occur

30._______ the classroom needs to be cleaned.A.Either the offices or

B.The offices and C.Both the office and

D.The office and

31.Three-fourths of the homework ______today.A.has finished B.has been finished C.have finished D.have been finished

32.More than 60 percent of the world`s radio programmes ______in England.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.be

33.______work has been done to improve the people`s living standard A.A great deal of

B.A great many

C.A large number of

D.Many

34.The rest of the magazines ______ within half an hour.A.is sold out

B.are sold out

C.was sold out D.were sold out

35.There ______ a lot of sugar in the jar.A.has B.have C.is D.are

36.“All ______present and all ______going on well”, our monitor said.A.is is

B.are, are

C.are is

D.is are

37.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.were.38.Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.A.are studying

B.have studied C.studies D.study

39.The rich______ not always happy.A.are B.is C.will

D.may

40.______can be done ______done.A.All, have been B.All that ,have been

C.All has

D.All that ,has been

41.Either of the plans ______equally dangerous.A.are

B.is C.has

D.have

42.The police ______the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A.is searching

B.were searching for

C.are searching

D.was searching for

43.Your trousers ______dirty, you must have______ washed.A.is it

B.are it

C.are them D.is them

44.The Olympic games ______held every four ______.A.is years

B.are years C.is year

D.are year

45.He is the oly one of the students who______elected.A.are

B.have C.has

D.is

46.______a good enough price for this book

A.Two yuans are

B.Two yuan are

C.Two yuans is

D.Two yuan is

47.No bird and no beast ______in the lonely island A.are seen

B.is seen

C.see

D.sees

48.Every means ______prevent the water from______ A.are used to

polluting

B.get used to polluting C.is used to , polluted

D.is used to ,being polluted

49.Each of the ______in the ship.A.passenger has his own room B.passengers have their own room C.passenger have their own room D.passengers has his own room

50.What we need ______good textbooks.A.is

B.are

C.have

D.has

第四篇：主謂一致講解教案

主謂一致講解 教案

一、授課時間：2012年1月4日

二、授課內容：語法點主謂一致講解

三、授課重難點：

1、授課重點：主謂一致三原則：語法一致；意義一致;就近一致原則

2、授課難點：主謂一致常考題型

四：授課過程 Step I 課程引入

由三個例句導入主謂一致的概念 1.I am a student.2.They are students.3.She is a teacher.我們可以看出主語不同，謂語動詞的形式就不同

主謂一致：謂語動詞的人稱和數隨著主語的人稱和數的變化而變化。Step II 講述

一、主謂一致遵循三個原則：語法一致；意義一致;就近一致原則

分別對每個原則中的每一項進行講解，并且舉出例句，和學生互動。

1.語法一致原則：指主語是單數形式，謂語動詞用單數形式，主語是復數形式，謂語也用復數形式。

Tom is a good student.湯姆是個好學生。

They often play football on the playground.他們經常在操場上踢足球。2.意義一致：指主語形式上為單數，但意義為復數，因此謂語動詞用復數形式；或主語形式上為復數,但表示單數意義，這是謂語動詞用單數形式。

My family are having lunch now.我們一家人現在正吃午飯。

Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.這本書20美元太貴了。

3.就近一致：指謂語動詞用單數形式還是用復數形式，取決于最靠近他的主語。例如：

Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學生也喜歡踢足球。

There is a pen and some books on the desk.課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。

4.就遠一致：指謂語動詞用單數形式還是用復數形式，取決于離他遠的主語。9.當主語部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like 等介詞或介詞短語時，謂語動詞用單數形式；但“名詞+as well as+名詞”時，謂語動詞一般應與第一個名詞一致。

Mike with his father has been to England.邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。

Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。

The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.二、主謂一致細致講解

（一）語法一致原則：

1.單數名詞(代詞)，不可數名詞作主語時，謂語用單數形式，復數名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復數形式。

The desk is Tom’s.這張桌子是湯姆的。

Some water is in the bottle.一些水在瓶子里。

The students are playing football on the playground.這些學生正在操場上踢足球。

2.由and 或both...and連接的兩個可數名詞或不可數名詞做主語時，謂語動一般用復數。

Tom and mike are good friends.Both bread and butter are sold out.Meat and rice are my favourite food.3.不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主語，謂語動詞用單數。Is everyone here today.今天大家到齊了嗎？ Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。Nobody was in.沒有人在家。

4.each, either, neither, another, the other 作主語，謂語動詞用單數。Each of them has an English dictionary.他們每人都有一本英語詞典。Neither answer is correct.兩個答案都不正確。

尤其注意主語是each/every+單數名詞+and(each/every)+單數名詞時，謂語動詞用單數。

Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。

Every man and every woman is at work.每個男人和女人都在工作。

5.a number of +名詞復數，動詞要用復數形式;.而the number of +復數名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數。(重點）

A number of trees are cut down.The number of the students is over eight hundred.6.“a lot of,lots of,plenty of ,most of +名詞”作主語，謂語動詞的單復數形式取決于所加的名詞。

Plenty of the water was polluted.A lot of students pass the exam.7.某些只有復數的名詞如trousers,shoes,gloves,glasses等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數；但是由“a pair of +此類復數名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用單數； 由“pairs of +此類復數名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用復數； The shoes are for you.A pair of glasses is lying on the table.Fifteen pairs of shoes are made every day.8.動詞不定式，動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。

To see is to believe 眼見為實。

Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。

9.在定語從句中，關系代詞that, who,which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數與先行詞保持一致.This is the man who wants to see you.The girls who are coming soon are my students.10.由what引導的主語從句，主句謂語動詞一般用單數形式，但如果表示復數意義，主句謂語動詞則用復數形式。What we need now is time.What he left me are only some old books.3

(二）意義一致：

1.由and連接的兩個單數名詞作主語時，一般用復數形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個人，事物，或概念時，謂語動詞用單數。這兩種情況區分如下：a/the+單數名詞+and+單數名詞，指的是同一個人或物；a/the+單數名詞+and+a/the+單數名詞，指兩個人或物。The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個人)The writer and the teacher are coming.作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個人)2.表示時間，價格，重量，數目，長度，數學運算等的詞或短語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用單數形式。例如：

Two months is a long holiday.兩個月是一個長假。Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy.2 0英鎊并不太重。

Ten miles isn’t a long distance.1 0英里并不是一段很長的距離。Five minus four is one.5減4等于1。

3.people,police等集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數形式。

People here are very friendly.這兒的人很友好。

4.family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語，若指一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數形式，若指一個具體成員時，謂語動詞復數形式。（難點）His family isn’t large.他家的人不多。

My family all like watching TV.我們一家人都喜歡看電視。

5.以—s 結尾的名詞本身不表示復數意義，謂語通常用單數形式，如news, maths, physics等，No news is good news.沒有消息就是好消息。

Maths is very popular in our class 在我們班數學很受歡迎。

6.none作主語時，謂語動詞多用復數形式，但作為單數看待時，謂語動詞用單數形式,取 決于后面所接的名詞。

None of the advice was accepted.None of the children of the family are interested in art.7.some,any,all,more,most,the rest of ,分數或百分數作主語時，謂語動詞要與它們指代的名詞保持一致。

Two thirds of the apples remain green.Three fifths of the money was spent on clothes.8.the+形容詞表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復數形式，表示抽象概念時，用單數形式.The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.The beautiful lives forever.美是永存的。9.the+姓氏表示一家人時，謂語動詞用復數形式。The Whites are watching TV.(三）鄰近一致原則（就近原則）

1、由or, either?or?，neither?nor?, not only?but also?, not?but?,連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，根據就近原則決定謂語動詞形式。（重點）

Either my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.2．以here，there開關的句子，若主語在兩個或兩個以上，謂語動詞通常與臨近的主語一致

There is a book and three pens on the desk.There are three pens and a book on the desk.Here are some books and paper for you.Here is a letter for you.Step III 練習

1.Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.A.were B.is C.was D.are

2.Two days _______enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.A.isn’t B.is C.are’t D.are 3.—How many lessons do you usually haver a day?

—Six lessons a day.And each of then _____45 minutes.A.last B.lasts C.have D.are 4.Neither Liping nor I _______a basketball player.A.am B.is C.be D.are 5.There ______ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy.A.is B.aren’t C.isn’t D.are

6.The number of the students in our school ____1200.A.is B.are C.has D.have 7.Maths _______ my favourite subject.A.be B.is C.am D.are 8.The boy with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake rocked the city.A.were sleeping B.is sleeping

C.was sleeping D.are asle 9.Every one except Tom and John _____there when the meeting began.A.are B.is C.were D.was 10.That place is not interesting at all, ____of us wants to go there.A.Neither B.Both C.All D.Some Step IV 總結 1.主謂一致的概念 2.主謂一致的三個原則 3.主謂一致的常考題型 Step V 作業

主謂一致練習題

1.The old ____well looked after by the government in China.A.is B.are C.has been D.was 2.The secretary and manager ____very busy now.A.is B.are C.was D.were 3.Both the secretary and the manager _____agreed to attend the meeting.A.has B.have C.are D.was 4.Tom as well as two of his classmates _____invited to the party.A.was B.were C.have been D.had been 5.Either you or I _____going to the teachers‘ office after class.A.am B.is C.are D.will 6.Most of his spare time ____spent in reading.A.are B.were C.was D.have been

第五篇：高中英語主謂一致

專題十七

主謂一致

考點知識清單

“一致”是指句子之間或詞語之間在人稱、數、性等方面保持的協調關系。在英語中最主要的一致關系是主語與謂語動詞之間數的一致。謂語動詞的數必須和主語的人稱和數一致，這就叫主謂一致。

在判定一個句子主謂語是否一致時，要遵循下列三個原則：語法一致、意義一致和就近一致。“語法一致”也就是平常說的從語法形式上取得一致，即主語為單數形式，謂語動詞也采用單數形式；主語為復數形式，謂語動詞亦為復數形式。“意義一致”就是從意義著眼來處理主謂語一致問題。有時，主語形式為單數，但意義為復數，謂語動詞依意義而定，也采用復數形式。“就近一致”是指謂語動詞的人稱和數往往和其最近的主語保持一致。

知識梳理

考點一

單數名詞作主語時的主謂一致

單數名詞作主語，謂語動詞通常用單數形式，但是有些單數名詞形式卻含有復數意義，這時謂語動詞要用復數形式。

1．集合名詞與謂語動詞的一致

(1)集合名詞作主語，如果表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數形式；如表示成員則用復數。常見的這部分名詞有：army，audience，class，club，committee，company，crowd，family，group，government，organization，party，personnel，public，staff，team，union，crew等。如：

pl們a的yi足n球g 隊w踢e得ll很.好。?Our football team is 我?n gt hbeant hcso manindg a back he．re for supper?Our football team are havrie?我們的足球隊員們正在洗澡，然后將回到這吃晚飯。

?

er我y的 l家ar庭g很e大。?My family is v．?His family are wait．in他g的 f家o人r 在hi等m他。

?

The personnel are unhappy about these changes．所有職員都對這些變革不滿意。

注意

若以上集合名詞表示組成該集合體的分散個體時，與其對應的人稱代詞也應該使用they，them或their。如：

My family did all they could for me．

我的家人為我做了他們所能做的一切。

The audience were waving their hands．

觀眾都揮舞著他們的手。

(2)但是有些集合名詞．如：cattle，folk，people，police，poultry(家禽)等作主語，總是跟復數動詞形式。如：

The people hope to live a happy life．人民希望過上好日子。

The police have caught the criminal．警察已經逮捕了那個罪犯。

Cattle feed on grass．牛以草為食。

(3)有些表示某類別的總稱的集合名詞，如：machinery(機械)，clothing(衣服)，luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，equipment(設備)，jewelry(珠寶)等作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數。如：

My luggage was sent by air．我的行李是航空郵寄的。

The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain．我們工廠的設備都是從英國進口的。

The furniture in my room is old now．現在我屋里的家具舊了。

2．單復數同形的名詞與謂語動詞的一致

單復數同形的名詞作主語，要根據上下文的意義以及修飾這些詞的詞來確定其謂語形式。常見的這部分名詞有aircraft，crossroads，deer，fish，headquarters。means，series，sheep，species，works等。如：

The crossroads is／are dangerous．這個(些)十字路口很危險。

Every means has been tried．各種方法都試過了。

All possible means have been tried．所有可能的方法都試過了。

A steel works has just been built there．那兒剛建了一座鋼廠。

Lots of aircraft were sent there．很多飛機被派往那兒。

注意

fishes表示“各種各樣的魚”。

3．表示成雙成套的名詞，如：trousers，shoes，glasses，compasses等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。如：

His black trousers are too long．他的黑褲子太長。Your glasses are on your nose．你的眼鏡在你鼻梁上。

若這類名詞與pair連用時，謂語動詞往往與pair一致。如：

This pair of compasses is made in Beijing．這副圓規是北京制造的。

A pair of glasses costs quite a lot now．現在一副眼鏡值很多錢。

There are two pairs of gloves on the desk．桌上有兩副手套。

考點二

復數名詞作主語時的主謂一致

1．以“-s”結尾的書刊名、國名、組織名作主語時的主謂一致

以“-s”結尾的書刊名、國名、組織名、游戲名、運動名(如billiards臺球)作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數形式。如：

Roots was a novel about a slave family．《根》是一本有關奴隸家庭的小說。

Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories．《一千零一夜》充滿了有趣的故事。

2．表示群島、瀑布、山脈等以“-s”結尾的專有名詞作主語時的主謂一致

表示群島、瀑布、山脈等以“-s”結尾的專有名詞作主語時，謂語動詞往往用復數。如：

The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean．菲律賓群島位于太平洋。

Rocky Mountains stand in the west of North America．

落基山脈坐落在北美洲西部。

3．以-ics結尾的名詞的主謂一致

以-ics結尾的名詞指一門學科時，常用單數謂語動詞形式。但是，當這些名詞表示實際內容時，謂語動詞則用復數形式。如：

economics經濟學

electronics電子學

physics物理學

politics政治學

mathematics數學

statistics統計學

His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend．

他的政治觀點是他的朋友關心的問題。

Politics is his favorite subject．政治學是他最喜歡的學科。

Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the United States end in divorce． 統計數字表明，大約百分之四十的美國人的婚姻以離婚而告終。

Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn．統計學是一門很難學的課程。

注意

①plastics(塑料)作主語時，其謂語動詞大都采用復數形式。如：

Plastics have taken the place of many materials now．

如今塑料已取代了許多材料。

plastics表示“塑料學”時，其謂語動詞只能使用單數形式。如：

Plastics is an important branch of chemistry．塑料學是化學的一個重要分支。

②名詞clothes，works(作“著作”講)，goods，contents，the Olympic Games的謂語動詞律律用復數。如：

Clothes keep people warm．衣服使人保暖。

His works have been translated into several foreign languages．

他的著作已經被翻譯成了好幾種外語。

若表示“一套衣服”，可用a suit of clothes。clothes不可與不定冠詞a或數詞連用。

若表示“一部作品”用a work，“兩部作品”用two works。

考點三

“名詞(或代詞)+介詞短語”作主語時的主謂一致

1．有時主語與謂語動詞之間插入一個介詞短語，該短語對謂語動詞不產生影響。如：

Several theories on this subject have been proposed．

關于這個學科的幾種理論已經有人提出。

The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly．

對森林大火的危險不可掉以輕心。

2．當主語后面跟有with，together with，along with，accompanied by，like，in addition to，as well as，as much as，more than，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等連接的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單復數不受這些詞語的影響。如：

The rock singer，along with his bodyguard，was rushed away from the theater．

這位搖滾歌星被他的保鏢保護著迅速地跑出了劇院。

Mr．Robbins，accompanied by his wife and children，is arriving tonight． 羅伯遜先生在夫人和孩子的陪伴下今晚到達。My license，rather than my credit cards，was lost．

是我的駕駛執照而不是我的信用卡丟了。

No one but your parents was there then．除了你的父母，當時那里沒人。

Mr Green besides his daughters likes sports．格林先生和他的女兒都喜歡體育。

Tom，together with Mary and Alice，is going to swim this afternoon．

湯姆，瑪麗和艾麗絲今天下午將一起去游泳。

考點四

“名詞(或代詞)+of+名詞”作主語時的主謂一致

1．由“some of，plenty of，a lot of，lots of，most of，the rest of，all of，half of，part of，the remainder of或分數、百分數+of+名詞”等短語作主語時，謂語動詞常與of后的名詞保持數的一致。一般來說，如果of后面所接名詞為復數形式，謂語動詞為復數；如果of后面所接名詞為單數形式或不可數名詞，謂語就用單數形式。如：

Most of the teachers are against the proposal．大部分教師反對這個提議。

Some of the students are for the plan．有些學生贊同這個計劃。

The rest of the lecture is dull．講座的其余部分是枯燥的。

The rest of the bicycles are on sale today．剩余的自行車今天出售。

Half of the apple is rotten．這個蘋果的一半腐爛變質了。

Half of the apples are rotten．這些蘋果有一半腐爛變質了。

Masses of information has been revealed．大量的情報已被泄露出去了。Masses of books are kept in the library．圖書館里存放有很多的書。

About one third of the books are worth reading.大約三分之一的書值得一讀。Over 30％ of the students were absent from the meeting．

超過百分之三十的學生沒有參加這個會。

Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea．地球表面的四分之三是海。

Only 40％ of the work was done yesterday．昨天只完成了百分之四十的工作。

注意

當上面有些詞單獨作主語時，其主謂語一致關系一般要遵循意義一致的原則。如：

All was silent．萬籟俱寂。

All were silent．大家都靜默著。

Thirty people in my class are Arabs and the remainder are Canadians．

我們班有30個學生是阿拉伯人，剩下的是加拿大人。

All has been tried．一切都試過了。

All are here now．大家都到齊了。

注意

population表示“人口”，即一個國家或地區的居民數目，它作主語時謂語動詞要用單數形式。當它前面有分數或百分數時，population是指一個國家或地區的全體居民，它作主語時，謂語動詞可用單數也可用復數形式，但當后面出現復數名詞與其呼應時，謂語動詞最好用復數形式。如：

The population of Canada is about 29 million．

加拿大的人口約為2 900萬。

Just under a third of the population now smokes／smoke in this country．

在這個國家目前吸煙人數不到總人口的三分之一。

About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants．

這個國家大約百分之八十的人口是農民。

2．由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名詞+of this kind”等，以及由與kind意義相似的type，sort，form，part，piece，section等構成的類似短語作主語時，謂語動詞與of前的名詞保持數的一致。如：

A kind of birds has been discovered by them．他們發現了一種鳥。A part of the book is not interesting．這本書里有一部分內容沒趣。Parts of the book are very instructive． 這本書有幾部分內容很有教育意義。

These are two different forms of the same thing．

這些是同一事物兩種不同的形式。

This kind of apples is h?ighly priced.?種蘋果定價很高。Apples of this kind are． ?highly priced

3．當none of后面接的是可數名詞時，謂語動詞用單復數都可以；如接的是不可數名詞，就只能用單數形式。但是當either／neither of...構成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數形式(在口語中也可視為復數)。如：

None of them is／are aware of the danger．他們中沒有人意識到那個危險。

None of the money was paid to me．連一分錢也沒有付給我。

Either of the girls is Ann’s sister．那兩個女孩中有一個是安的姐姐。

Neither of them is going to give up the chance．

他們兩個都不打算放棄那個機會。

4．當“a number of／a variety of／varieties of+可數名詞復數”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式。但“the number of(表數目)和the variety of(表種類)等+可數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。如：

A number of new houses have been built there．在那兒已建起許多新房子。

There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop． 那個商店出售各種各樣的商品。

The number of the people who know the secret is very limited． 知道這個秘密的人數很有限。

The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising．

那個商店商品的品種多得驚人。

5．“a large amount of+不可數名詞”作主語，謂語用單數。

“large amounts of+不可數名詞”作主語，謂語用復數。

“a large quantity of+不可數名詞”作主語，謂語用單數。

“a large quantity of+復數名詞”作主語，謂語常用復數。

“large quantities of+不可數名詞／復數名詞”作主語，謂語用復數。

“a good／great deal of+不可數名詞”作主語，謂語用單數。

A large amount of clean water is wasted every day．

每天有大量干凈的水被浪費掉。

Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market．

大量的資金投在當地的市場上。

Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year．

這個城市每年要消費大量的啤酒。

A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge．

很多錢花在建這座橋上。

A large quantity of materials were spent on the building．

建這個大樓耗費了大量的建筑材料。

A good deal of work has to be done today．今天有大量的工作要做。

考點五

由并列連詞連接的名詞作主語時的主謂一致

1．由and或both...and...連接兩個單數名詞作主語時，指的是復數概念，謂語動詞用復數形式(不可數名詞同樣)。如：

Mr．and Mrs．Smith are engineers．史密斯夫婦是工程師。

Fire and water do not agree．水火不相容。

Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop，店里出售咖啡和啤酒。

注意

如果and連接的兩個詞是指同一個人、同一事物或同一概念，則兩個名詞共用一個冠詞，謂語動詞必須用單數。如：

The teacher and writer is her friend．

這位教師兼作家是她的朋友。

比較

cda ucgo．hltd?My friend and lawyer has a??我的律師，同樣也是我的朋友，得了重感冒。?a vceo ．lcdaught a ba?My friend and my lawyer hd?我的朋友和我的律師兩人都得了重感冒。?

兩個名詞前都加冠詞或其他限定詞，則謂語動詞要用復數形式。

常作為一個整體概念來看待的組合有下面這些，謂語用單數。

bread and butter黃油面包

bread and cheese涂奶酪的面包

a knife and fork一副刀叉

a watch and chain一只系有表帶的手表

a cart and horse一輛馬車

needle and thread針線

law and order法律和秩序

Bread and butter is her favourite food.黃油面包是她最喜歡吃的食物。

Trial and error is the source of our knowledge．

反復實驗(不斷摸索)是我們知識的來源。

Time and tide waits for no man．歲月不待人。

The stars and stripes is the national flag of USA．星條旗是美國國旗。

2．由and連接的兩個或三個單數主語前如果有every，each，no，many a修飾時，謂語動詞要用單數形式。

Each teacher and(each)student was given a book．

每一位教師和學生都得到了一本書。

Every hour and(every)minute is important．每一小時或每一分鐘都很重要。

No employer and no employee knows how to deal with it．

沒有一位雇主和雇員知道如何處理這件事。

Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much．

許多老師和學生很喜歡這本書。

3．or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...等連接的并列成分作主語時，根據就近一致的原則處理。離謂語動詞近的主語部分是單數，就用單數；離謂語動詞近的主語是復數，謂語動詞就用復數。如：

Either the teacher or the students are to blame．或者老師或者學生們應受到指責。

Not only the students but also their teacher doesn’t know about it．

不僅學生們不知道這件事，他們的老師也不知道。He or I am to do it．這事或者他去做或者我去做。

Neither you nor I．nor anybody else knows how to do it． 無論是你，我還是其他任何人都不知道怎么做。

4．主語由肯定否定兩部分構成時，謂語與肯定的一致。如：

Not you but I am to answer for it．／I，not you，am to answer for it．

對此負責的是我而不是你。

考點六

名詞性從句作主語時的主謂一致

．what從句作主語時的主謂一致

what引導的從句作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數。但如果其后是系表結構，表語為復數名詞，謂語動詞用復數形式。如：

What she said is correct．她說的是正確的。

What he gave me are five English books．他給我的是5本英語書。

What he needs is money．他需要的是錢。

2．that等其他詞引導的名詞性從句作主語時的主謂一致

由that等其他詞引導的名詞性從句作主語時，其謂語動詞用單數形式。如： That he is a spy is true．千真萬確，他是一個間諜。

Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided．

他們還沒有決定是否舉行晚會。

Who is responsible for the accident is not clear．

還不太清楚誰對這場事故負責。

考點七

動名詞或不定式短語作主語時的主謂一致

單個動名詞短語或不定式作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數。如：

Playing with fire is dangerous．玩火危險。

Your giving up the chance was a great surprise to us．

你放棄這個機會使我們大家都非常吃驚。

若用and連接兩個動名詞、不定式短語或主語從句，表示兩個不同的概念，則謂語動詞用復數形式。若表示同一概念，則謂語動詞用單數形式。如：

Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit．早起早睡是個好習慣。

When and where the building will be built hasn’t been decided．

何時何地建大樓還未定下來。

Making mistakes and learning to correct them are a part of life．

犯錯誤和學會改正錯誤是生活的一部分。

What you eat and how much you exercise are important factors in a weight loss program．你所吃的與你鍛煉的量對你的減肥計劃都是重要的因素。

考點八

某些表示數量的名詞詞組作主語時的主謂一致

1．當名詞詞組中心詞為表示金錢、時間、度量、距離、價格等復數名詞時，往往可根據意義一致的原則，把這些復數名詞看作一個整體。謂語動詞采用單數形式。如：

Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt．25美元買那件襯衣太貴了。

Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test．50分鐘完成這個測試是不夠的。

Ten miles seems like a long walk to me．對我來說，10英里步行似乎很遠。

2．在四則運算中，謂語動詞多用單數，也有用復數的。減法和除法常用單數。

Two and ten is／are twelve．2加10等于12。

Two times eight is／are sixteen．2乘以8等于16。minus 12 is 6．18減12等于6。

Two hundred and sixty-one divided by nine equals twenty-nine．261除以9等于29。

考點九

名詞化的形容詞作主語時的主謂一致

1．當某些形容詞和過去分詞同定冠詞the連用表示某類人作主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式；當某些形容詞同定冠詞連用表示某類事物或表示某一類抽象概念作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。如：

The poor live a hard life．窮人的日子不好過。

The sick and wounded were sent home．病人和傷員被送回家。

the poor窮人

the living活著的人 the rich富人

the dead死人

the wounded傷員

the young年輕人 The beautiful lives forever．美是永存的。

The old gives place to the new．新陳代謝。

但是，也有例外的情況。有些形容詞加上定冠詞也可指一個人。如在句中指一個人時，謂語動詞用單數。如：

The accused asked the judge for mercy．被告請求法官寬恕。

2．以-sh，-ch和-ese等結尾的表示“國家的，民族的”這類形容詞與定冠詞the連用，表示整個民族，謂語動詞用復數形式。常見的這類詞有：the Chinese，the English，the British，the French，the Japanese，the Dutch，the Polish，the Swedish等。如：

The Chinese are hard-working．中國人是勤勞的。

The English are said to be conservative．據說英國人是保守的。

The Chinese are kind and friendly．中國人民友好善良。

比較

That Chinese is a singer．那個中國人是個歌唱家。

Chinese is a beautiful language．漢語是一種優美的語言。

考點十

there be結構中的主謂一致

there be結構中的主謂一致關系，謂語動詞通常和最鄰近的那個主語一致。如：

There is a book，two ball-pens and several notebooks on the desk．

桌子上有一本書、兩支圓珠筆和幾個筆記本。

There are four chairs and a table in the room．房間里擺有4把椅子和一張桌子。

考點十一

不定代詞each, one, no one, somebody等詞作主語時的主謂一致

不定代詞“each，one，no one，some(any，no，every)+body(one或thing)”在句中作主

語或作限定詞時，謂語動詞一律用單數形式。如：

Each boy gets a prize．每個孩子都得到了獎品。

Every dog has his day．人人都有得意的時候。

Someone wants to buy the house．有人要買這所房子。

Everything is ready，isn’t it?一切都準備好了，是吧?

Each of the books costs five yuan.每本書五塊錢。

Somebody is using the phone．有人在用著電話。

He has two sons．One is a teacher；the other is an engineer．

他有兩個兒子。一個是老師，另一個是工程師。

注意

each，all，both用作同位語時，謂語動詞仍應與主語保持一致。如：

We each have an English-Chinese dictionary．

我們每人有一本英漢詞典。

The students are all hardworking．這些學生都很勤奮。

They both like pop music．他們倆都喜歡流行音樂。

考點十二

其他主謂一致情況

1．倒裝句中的主謂一致

在主語和謂語倒裝的句子中，動詞的數應和它后面的主語的數一致。如：

On the wall are some famous paintings．墻上有一些著名的畫。

Between the two windows hangs a picture．兩扇窗戶間有一幅畫。

2．表示數量的“one and a half+復數名詞”作主語時，其謂語要用單數形式。如：

One and a half bananas is left on the table．桌子上還剩有一個半香蕉。

One and a half hours is enough．一個半小時足夠了。

3．“a／an+單數名詞+or two”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。如：

A student or two has failed the exam．一兩個學生考試不及格。

“one or two+復數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。如：

One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon．

昨天下午有一兩個學生在植樹。

4．在“It+be+被強調部分+that／who...”結構中，be用單數形式is或was，如被強調部分是主語，that／who后的謂語與被強調部分的人稱、數保持一致。如：

It is I who am a student．我是學生。

It is they who have worked there for five years．是他們在那兒工作了5年。

5．定語從句中，關系代詞who，which，that等作主語時，其人稱和數的變化隨先行詞而定。如：

Those who have seen the film please put up your hands．看過這部電影的人請舉手。

The man who is speaking at the meeting is our chairman．

在會上講話的人是我們的主席。

6．who，which，what等疑問代詞及such作主語時，謂語動詞要根據其后的名詞表語來決定其單復數形式。如：

Who is the girl over there?那邊的那個女孩是誰?

Who are the girls over there?那邊那些女孩子是誰?

Which is your book，this one or that one?哪本是你的書，這本還是那本?

Such is my plan．這就是我的計劃。

Such are his words．這就是他的話。

7．“the majority of+復數名詞”作主語時，用復數謂語。the majority單獨作主語時，謂語既可用單數，也可用復數形式。如：

The majority of boys like football．大多數男孩喜愛足球。

The majority was／were in favour of banning smoking．大多數人支持禁煙。

The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio．多數人喜歡電視勝過廣播。

8．“an average of+復數名詞”作主語與復數動詞連用，意思是“平均有……”；“the average of+復數名詞”作主語與單數動詞連用，意思是“……的平均數”。如：

An average of 3，000 people come to visit this famous school every year．

每年平均有三千人來這所名校參觀。

The average of 14，3 and 1 is 6．14，3和1的平均數是6。

9．“a total of+復數名詞”作主語與復數動詞連用，意思是“總共有……”；“the total of+復數名詞”作主語與單數動詞連用，意思是“……的總數”。如：

A total of 300 letters were received last month 上個月總共收到了三百封信。

The total of letters received last month was 300．上個月收到的信總數是三百封。

10．當man(人類)，the world(世界上的人，人類)作主語時，謂語用單數。如：

Only man knows how to cook．只有人類懂得烹飪。

Only man is capable of speech+只有人類才具有說話的能力。

All the world knows that the earth is round．世界上的人都知道地球是圓的。11．“more+復數名詞+than one”結構謂語常用復數。如： More members than one have protested against the plan． 反對這項提議的會員不止一個。

12．當many a...或more than one+名詞作主語時，盡管其意義是復數概念，但它的謂語動詞仍采取單數形式。如：

Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose．

許多人認為沒有目的的生活是毫無意義的。

More than one person is involved in the matter．不止一人卷入到這件事中。

13．在“one+of／in／out of+復數名詞”結構中，一般采用語法一致的原則，即用單數動詞。如果one改成two，three等數詞，謂語用復數。

One of the students in our class is from Tibet．我們班有一位學生來自西藏。

One in／out of twenty was badly damaged．每二十個中有一個嚴重受損。

Three in／out of ten students have failed in the exam．

每十個學生中就有三個考試不過關。

方法技巧清單

方法技巧

方法一

分清主語，用準謂語

1．主語后跟with，together with，along with，but，except，besides，as well as，rather than，including，no less than，as much as等短語時，謂語應與前面的主語保持一致。

2．動名詞、不定式或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。

3．確定倒裝句謂語的單復數要找準主語。

[例1] A perfect gift with many flowers _______ _to the beautiful girl．

A．is sent

B．are sent

C．has sent

D．has been sent

[解析] 句子的真正主語為a perfect gift，所以謂語動詞須用第三人稱單數形式；根據題干大意此處要用現在完成時態。

[答案] D

[例2] In my opinion，What Zhai Zhigang，Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng _______ _good to our country’s international position．

A．did do does

B．did does do

C．does did do

D．do do did

[解析] 句子的主語是what引導的主語從句，即：what Zhai Zhigang，Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng did。謂語動詞用單數，借助于助動詞does強調謂語，后用動詞原形do。

[答案] B

[例3] Next to me sat an old lady and a country girl who _______ __looking at the foreigners in the air．

A．are

B．is

C．were D．was

[解析] 本句是倒裝句，an old lady and a country girl是主句的主語，也是who引導的定語從句的先行詞。定語從句的謂語應與先行詞保持一致。

[答案] C

方法二

分清并列連詞

1．兩個單數名詞(主語)用and或both...and...連接時，謂語用復數，但要注意前后兩個名詞都帶有冠詞。

2.并列主語由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...，not...but...等連接時，謂語動詞常與鄰近的主語保持人稱和數的一致。

[例1] Not only Tom but also Peter and Mary _______ __planning to go．

A．is

B．was

C．are

D．has been

[解析] 由連接詞either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...等連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞必須和緊靠它的名詞或代詞的人稱和數保持一致。此題中的謂語動詞應和Peter and Mary一致，故謂語動詞用復數are，因此C是正確的。

[答案] C

[例2] The writer and the educator _______ __visited our school．

A．have

B．has

C．had

D.are

[解析] The writer and the educator是兩個人，謂語動詞用復數。句意：那位作家和那位教育家參觀了我們的學校。如果換成The writer and educator，就是一個人了，即“那位作家兼教育家”，謂語動詞用單數。

[答案] A

方法三

記熟一些習慣用法

1．“many a以及more than one+單數名詞”作主語．謂語用單數。

2．“a／an+單數名詞+or two”作主語，謂語用單數；而“one or two+復數名詞”作主語，謂語用復數。3．不定代詞anybody，anything，something，everybody，no one，nothing等作主語，謂語用單數。4．表示“時間、距離、價格”等復數名詞作主語時，謂語用單數。5．“one and a half+復數名詞”作主語時，謂語用單數。

6．each...and each...；every...and every...；no...and no...；many a...and many a...等作主語時，謂語用單數。

7．“分數或百分數+of+名詞”作主語，謂語與of后的名詞保持數的一致。

[例1]

_______ _of the land in that district _______ __covered with trees and grass．

A．Two fifth；is

B．Two fifth；are

C．Two fifths；is

D．Two fifths；are

[解析] 首先“五分之二”應為two fifths，故答案應為C、D中的一個；當“分數+of+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的數要與of后的名詞保持數的一致，這里的名詞是the land。

[答案] C

[例2] The number of the students of this school _______ __large．

A．are

B．are not

C．isn’t

D．aren’t

[解析] 在“the number of+復數名詞”的結構中，“of+復數名詞”的介詞短語作后置定語，the number是中心名詞，所以謂語動詞應用單數形式。

[答案] C

[例3] Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who _______ __to visit the museum _______ _asked to be at the school gate before 6：30 in the morning．

A．are；are

B．is；is

C．are；is

D．is；are

[解析] 本題是一個帶有定語從句的復合句，定語從句修飾的是teachers，關系詞在從句中作主語，應與先行詞的數保持一致，故從句謂語用復數。句子主語是Every boy and every girl，當主語后面跟有with，together with，as well as等連接的詞時，其謂語動詞的單復數不受這些詞語的影響。every...and every...作主語，謂語用單數。

[答案] C