第一篇：購物四級作文翻譯

Online Shopping

Nowadays, with the rapid development of information technology, online shopping has gained great popularity among more and more web users.For example, it is fashionable for youngsters to purchase daily essentials, such as books, clothes, electrical equipment, on some famous website, like Taobao, EBay and Alibaba.Undoubtedly speaking, online shopping has many advantages.Firstly, compared with traditional shopping, it’s very convenient.What you need to do is just clicking your mouse and waiting instead of going out by foot or driving.Secondly, more choices than real store are another attraction to customers.However, in spite of convenience and more choices of online shopping, we cannot turn a blind eye to its disadvantages.Obviously, quality problem is its first disadvantage.It’s common that articles aren’t so good just as they are described online that customers always buy fake commodities.In addition, it’s

troublesome and annoying for many customers to make a change when they are not satisfied with what they bought online.As a college student, I like online shopping but I expected that effective measures should be taken to make it better。Specifically speaking, government should work out strict regulations and rules to prevent unfaithful and unlawful activities of online shop owners.Only by this way can online shopping become really safe and attract an increasing number of customers.網(wǎng)上購物

如今,隨著信息技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,網(wǎng)上購物已經(jīng)深受越來越多的網(wǎng)民。例如,它是時(shí)尚的年輕人購買日常必需品,如書籍、衣服、電器設(shè)備,在一些著名的網(wǎng)站,例如淘寶,易趣網(wǎng)和阿里巴巴。

毫無疑問來說,網(wǎng)上購物也有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。首先,相對于傳統(tǒng)的購物,非常方便。你所要做的只是點(diǎn)擊你的鼠標(biāo)和等待,而不是出去步行或駕駛。其次,更多的選擇而非真實(shí)的商店是另一個(gè)吸引顧客。然而,盡管更多的選擇,操作方便、在線購物,我們不能視而不見缺點(diǎn)。很明顯,質(zhì)量問題是其第一不利。這是常見的文章并不太好就像它們被描述網(wǎng)上顧客總是買假冒偽劣商品。此外,它的麻煩和煩惱的為廣大客戶來改變當(dāng)他們不滿意他們在網(wǎng)上購買。

作為一名大學(xué)生,我喜歡網(wǎng)上購物,但我認(rèn)為應(yīng)采取有效措施使它better.Specifically來說,政府應(yīng)該制定嚴(yán)格的法規(guī)和規(guī)章,防止違法行為的不忠的在線商店的主人。只有這樣才能成為真正的網(wǎng)上購物安全,吸引著越來越多的客戶

Nowadays with the ever rapid development and increasing popularity of the information technology , shopping on the internet has been a fashion especially among the youngsters.Online shopping has made our daily life more convenient and comfortable.For example ,shopping on the internet can save students a great deal of time on the way between home and store, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work.The internet has shorten the distance between manufacturers and consumers and thus we can even buy goods in other countries.On the other hand , lack of the face to face deal makes online shopping less reliable and trustworthy.What’ s more the delivery will increase the risk of items’ damage.In my opinion, shopping on the internet is a irreversible trend.More and more people will be accustomed to it.It will be much more popular in the near future.And at the same time we should take some measures to make it perfect.現(xiàn)今的永恒的迅速發(fā)展和日益普及的信息技術(shù),網(wǎng)上購物已經(jīng)時(shí)尚尤其是年輕人。

網(wǎng)上購物使我們的日常生活更方便和舒適。例如,網(wǎng)上購物可以節(jié)省學(xué)生大量的時(shí)間在路上在家庭和商店,所以他們能夠集中更多的時(shí)間和精力放在學(xué)習(xí)上。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已縮短廠家和消費(fèi)者之間的距離,因此,我們甚至可以在其他國家購買商品。另一方面,缺乏面對面,使網(wǎng)上購物交易不太可靠的,值得信任。什么交貨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加的項(xiàng)目”的傷害。

在我看來,網(wǎng)上購物是一個(gè)不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的趨勢。越來越多的人會習(xí)慣它。這將是更受歡迎的,在不久的將來。同時(shí)我們應(yīng)該采取一些措施,使其完美。

第二篇：英語四級作文：網(wǎng)上購物

信工作室

英語四級作文：網(wǎng)上購物

信

1.現(xiàn)在流行網(wǎng)上購物

2.網(wǎng)上購物的利弊

3.我的看法

Nowadays with the ever rapid development and increasing popularity of the

information technology , shopping on the internet has been a fashion especially among the youngsters.Online shopping has made our daily life more convenient and comfortable.For example , shopping on the internet can save students a great deal of time on the way between home and store, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work.The internet has shorten the distance between manufacturers and consumers and thus we can even buy goods in other countries.On the other hand , lack of the face to face deal makes online shopping less reliable and trustworthy.What’ s more the delivery will increase the risk of items’ damage.In my opinion, shopping on the internet is a irreversible trend.More and more people will be accustomed to it.It will be much more popular in the near future.And at the same time we should take some measures to make it perfect

第三篇：四級翻譯

Confucius）是春秋時(shí)期（the Spring and Autumn Period）的大思想家、大教育家和儒家學(xué)派（Confucianism）的創(chuàng)始人，是古代中國人心目中的圣人。孔子的言論和生平活動記錄在由他的弟子或再傳弟子編成的《論語》（The Analects）一書中。《論語》是中國古代文化的經(jīng)典著作。在孔子之后幾千年的中國歷史上，沒有哪一位思想家、文學(xué)家和政治家不受《論語》的影響。不研究《論語》，就不能真正把握中國幾千年的傳統(tǒng)文化。

As a great thinker,educator and founder of Confucianism during the Spring and Autumn Period,Confucius is a sage to the ancient Chinese people.His words and life storywere recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects.As an enduring classic of Chinese culture, The Analects has influenced allthinkers, writers and politicians in the thousand years’ Chinese history after Confucius.No scholar could trulyunderstand this long-standing culture or the inner world of the ancient Chinesewithout this book.NO.2 大約在兩千多年前，中國就出現(xiàn)了蠟染（wax printing）。在中國服飾中，蠟染是一種流傳時(shí)間長、流行范圍大、使用領(lǐng)域廣的服裝工藝。蠟染是在布匹著色的過程中，以蜂蠟（beeswax）作為防止染色的材料。蜂蠟干了之后，會產(chǎn)生一些裂紋，這些裂紋在染色過程中滲透進(jìn)靛藍(lán)色，于是形成了如冰花式樣的美妙紋理。這樣自然天成的紋理可以說是蠟染的靈魂所在。

Wax printingappeared in China about 2,000 years ago.Wax printing has long been awidespread technique used in the history of Chinese fashion.During the dyeingprocess, beeswax is applied to prevent some parts of the cloth form being dyed.When the beeswax dries, it develops cracks, which absorb indigo in the processof dyeing, thus forming the beautiful natural lines resembling breaking ice.These naturally formed lines represent the beauty and soul of wax printing.NO.3 景泰藍(lán)（cloisonné）是馳名中外的傳統(tǒng)工藝，它集青銅藝術(shù)、瓷器和雕刻諸種工藝制作技巧于一身，是一門地道的北京絕活。它是收藏家收藏的佳品，也是人們居家使用的精美物品。這項(xiàng)工藝始創(chuàng)于明代景泰年間，初創(chuàng)時(shí)的顏色主要是藍(lán)色，故得名“景泰藍(lán)”。到了成化年間，景泰藍(lán)技術(shù)進(jìn)一步成熟，這個(gè)時(shí)期的作品沉穩(wěn)凝重又透明靈動，而且銅胎也極為講究。

Cloisonné is a traditional art widely known in and outsideChina.It is a kind of superb local expertise form of Beijing, which combinesthe skills of bronze art, porcelain, carving and other types of folk arts.Itis deemed valuable in the eyes of collectors, as well as refined ornaments fordaily use.The making of cloisonné first appearedduring the Jingtai reign of the Ming Dynasty, with the main colour used beingblue, hence the name “Jingtai Blue” as it became known later on.By the time of the Chenghua reign, thetechniques for making cloisonné were further

lacking ineloquence or vividness.Moreover, its cast was always made of choice copper.NO.4 西塘在浙江嘉興，位于上海和杭州之間。這個(gè)占地規(guī)模并不大的古鎮(zhèn)有著悠久的歷史，它初建于春秋時(shí)期（the Spring and Autumn Period），位于吳國和越國的交界處。西塘的大致規(guī)模在宋代之前就已經(jīng)形成，今所見西塘著名的橋梁望仙橋（Wangxian Bridge）就是宋代的遺跡。在明清時(shí)期，西塘既是遠(yuǎn)近聞名的魚米之鄉(xiāng)，又是著名的絲綢制造之地，還以制陶業(yè)（ceramics）而享譽(yù)全國。

Xitang is located inJiaxing, Zhejiang Province, between Shanghai and Hangzhou.Though small insize, this ancient town boasts a long history.It was first built during theSpring and Autumn Period, at the border between the states of Wu and Yue.Thepresent layout had already taken shape before the Song Dynasty, and the famousWangxian Bridge in Xitang is a legacy of the Song Dynasty.By the Ming and QingDynasties, Xitang had become a well-known trade center for farm products, silksand ceramics, all produced in the surrounding areas and famous throughout thecountry.NO.5 秧歌舞（Yangko dance）是中國漢族的一種傳統(tǒng)民間舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動作迅速有力。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會蜂擁到街上觀看秧歌舞表演。近年來，中國東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了秧歌隊(duì)，隊(duì)員常年通過跳舞來保持健康，同時(shí)他們也樂在其中。

The Yangko dance isa traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in the northernprovinces.Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and theirmovements are vigorous and quick.During holidays, such as the lunar New Yearand the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongsthey swarm into the streets to watch Yangko dance performances, no matter howcold it is outside.In recent years, elderly people in some cities in NortheastChina have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancersenjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round.NO.6 中國的青銅器時(shí)代（Bronze Age）從夏開始，經(jīng)歷商、西周到春秋時(shí)期（the Spring and Autumn Period），前后持續(xù)了一千五百多年的時(shí)間。大量出土的青銅器物表明，中國創(chuàng)造了燦爛的青銅文明。這些青銅器物不僅有豐富的政治和宗教內(nèi)涵，而且還具有很高的藝術(shù)價(jià)值。今藏于中國歷史博物館的大盂鼎（the Great Ding for Yu）是中國青銅器時(shí)代的代表性作品之一。它是西周康王（King Kang）時(shí)期的作品，距今大約有三千多年。The Bronze Age inChina lasted more than 1,500 years, from the Xia through the

numbers of unearthedartifacts indicate a high level of ancient bronze civilization in the country.They feature rich political and religious themes, and are of high artisticvalue.A representative example is the Great Ding for Yu, which is nowpreserved in the Museum of Chinese History.It was cast about 3,000 years agoduring the reign of King Kang of Western Zhou Dynasty.NO.7 1911 年，中國爆發(fā)了歷史上的第一次資產(chǎn)階級革命——辛亥革命（the Revolution of 1911），它推翻了中國封建社會的最后一個(gè)朝代——清朝，廢除了中國延續(xù)了2000 多年的封建帝制，建立了中國的第一個(gè)民主共和國——中華民國。民國政府成立以后，要求全國人民都剪掉頭上的辮子（queues），選擇自己喜歡的發(fā)型。至此，在中國延續(xù)了280 多年的辮子法令終于被解除。

In 1911, the firstbourgeois revolution in Chinese history — the Revolution of 1911 broke out.The last dynasty of the Chinesefeudal society, Qing Dynasty, was over-thrown and the monarch system that had ahistory of more than 2,000 years was abolished.The Republic of China, thefirst democratic republic in China, was founded in 1912.After its foundation,the government of Republic of China had required the citizens to cut off theirqueues and make the haircut they liked.Since then, the wearing-queue orderthat had lasted for more than 280 years in China has been abolished.NO.8 出現(xiàn)在中國五代時(shí)期的婦女纏足（foot-binding），雖然最初是宮廷舞女為了方便跳舞而采用的一種行為，但由于有人認(rèn)為腳裹起來更好看，所有很多人就開始效仿起來。到了宋代，封建社會的綱常思想非常嚴(yán)重，受到男尊女卑的封建禮教的影響，女子裹腳的風(fēng)氣被傳承下來，并逐漸成為一種習(xí)俗。為了與婦女的小腳相適應(yīng)，宋代還出現(xiàn)了專門為裹足婦女制作的弓鞋（gongxie）。

The practice offoot-binding for women appeared in the Five Dynasties, but in the beginning, itwas only adopted by the court dancers for convenience while dancing.Sincepeople thought the foot-binding made women’s feet look more beautiful, many females rushed to follow suit.Bythe Song Dynasty, due to the importance of feudal ethical thoughts andinfluence of the feudal male superiority conception, the practice offoot-binding was inherited and became a custom.In the Song Dynasty, to meetthe needs of women’s small feet, a kind of speciallydesigned shoes gongxie was made.NO.9 據(jù)中國古代史書記載，治水有功的大禹通過禪讓制接替舜成為部落聯(lián)盟首領(lǐng)。但大禹死后，他的兒子夏啟卻破壞禪讓的傳統(tǒng)，自立為國王，建立了中國歷史上第一個(gè)奴隸制國家——夏。從此，王位實(shí)行世襲制度，中國社會從此步入階級社會。夏代處在中國社會從原始社

會向奴隸社會過渡的時(shí)期，社會生活的各個(gè)方面依然保存著原始社會的種種痕跡。According to theChinese ancient documents, the legendary leader Shun abdicated and handed overhis leadership to Da Yu who had made great contribution to controlling theflood of the Yellow River of China.When Da Yu died, his son Xia Qi breachedthe tradition of demise system and set himself as the king.Xia, the firstslavery nation in Chinese history, was founded.Since then, the hereditarysystem had been practiced.Thus, China stepped into a class society.The XiaDynasty was a transition from primitive society to slave society.At that time,all aspects of social life still reserved traces of primitive society.NO.10 北京烤鴨是自封建帝王時(shí)代就在北京城流行的著名菜肴，如今它被認(rèn)為是中國的一道國菜。這道菜以它薄而脆的酥皮，以及廚師們在客人面前片鴨子的真實(shí)情形而著稱。專門用于制作烤鴨的鴨子在養(yǎng)殖65 天后就被屠宰了，鴨子在烤制前要先用調(diào)料腌制（season），然后才送進(jìn)燜爐或者掛爐.鴨肉通常配上蔥（scallion）、黃瓜和甜面醬，用薄餅卷著食用。Peking duck is afamous dish that has been popular since the imperial erain Beijing, and is now considered a national dish of China.The dish is prizedfor the thin, crisp skin with authentic vision of the dish serving sliced infront of the diners by the cook.Ducks bred specially for the dish areslaughtered after 65 days and seasoned before being roasted in a closed or hungoven.The meat is usually eaten with pancakes, scallion, cucumbers and sweetbean sauce.收起

As is shown in the graph… 如圖所示…

The graph shows that… 圖表顯示…

As can be seen from the table,… 從表格中可以看出…

From the chart, we know that… 從這張表中,我們可知…

All these data clearly prove the fact that… 所有這些數(shù)據(jù)明顯證明這一事實(shí),即…

The increase of ….In the city has reached to 20%.….在這個(gè)城市的增長已達(dá)到20%.In 1985, the number remained the same.1985年,這個(gè)數(shù)字保持不變.There was a gradual decline in 1989.1989年,出現(xiàn)了逐漸下降的情況

一.開頭段常用提出現(xiàn)象句型

1.Nowadays more and more…are commonly and widely…in everyday life.如今，在日常生活中，越來越多…被廣泛…

2.In recent years…is gaining growing popularity with…

近年來，…受到越來越多…的歡迎

3.Recent years have been a boom in…

近年來，出現(xiàn)了迅速增長。

4.Nowadays, there are many…

如今，出現(xiàn)了許多…

5.Nowadays,…h(huán)as become a very common matter in…

如今，…已經(jīng)成為在…的常見現(xiàn)象。

6.Nowadays, there is a growing tendency in…

如今，在…方面出現(xiàn)了上升趨勢。

7.Recently…h(huán)as aoused wide concern…/has been brought into focus.最近，…引起了廣泛關(guān)注/受到了人們的關(guān)注。

8.Most of us may have such experience that…

我們當(dāng)中許多人可能都有…這種經(jīng)歷。

二.開頭段常用引出他人觀點(diǎn)的句型

9.In reaction to the phenomenon of…, some people say…

針對…現(xiàn)象，有人說…

10.When asked about…most people say…

當(dāng)被問到…，大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為…

11.When it comes to…, some people think…

關(guān)于…,有人認(rèn)為…

12.Now, it is widely believed that…

現(xiàn)在，許多人認(rèn)為…

三.開頭/中間段常用引出兩種不同觀點(diǎn)的句型

13.There is a public debate today over… some people believed that…Others claim that…

如今社會上出現(xiàn)了關(guān)于…的爭論。有些人認(rèn)為…另一些人則聲稱…

14.When it comes to/talking about…, quite a few people believe that …but other people think differently.當(dāng)談及…時(shí)，有相當(dāng)一部分人認(rèn)為…然而，另一些人則有不同的想法。

15.People’s opinion wary when they talk about…Some maintain that…Others believe that…

當(dāng)談及…時(shí)，人們觀點(diǎn)不一。有人堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為…另有人認(rèn)為…

四.開頭段常用引出故事/事件句型

16.At about…o’clock in the…,when I…, I saw…

…點(diǎn)在…,當(dāng)我正…的時(shí)候，我看見…

17.It was a …morning, when a …suddenly…

五.中間段常用引出優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)/不足/影響句型

18.The advantages of…lies in many ways.…有許多有點(diǎn)/好處。

19….as in the case with many issues, has both merits and demetits.正如許多事物一樣，…也是既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)又有不足的。

20….will bring about an unfavorable effects/influence on…

…會為…造成不好的影響。

21.…may give rise to/result in a number of problems.…會導(dǎo)致一系列的問題。

六.中間段/結(jié)尾段常用引出原因句型

22.Why…? Three factors can explain this.First… Second…Third…

為什么…?有三個(gè)因素可以解釋。首先，…其次…，第三…

23.As for/Among the factors for…,…counts for the half, the rest depends on…

就導(dǎo)致…的因素而言，…是一部分原因，另一部分原因是…

七.中間/結(jié)尾段常用引出解決方法句型

24.How to…? The key words are as follows.To begins with, …Next, …Finally, …

如何…?關(guān)鍵措施如下。首先…其次…最后…

25.Such …would not …if we knew the following ways to handle …First,… Second,…Third…(虛擬語氣)

如果我們掌握了以下處理…的方法，如此的…可能不會…第一個(gè)方法是…第二個(gè)方法是…第三個(gè)方法是…

八.結(jié)尾段常用引出“我”的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)的句型

26.As far as I am concerned, I agree with…

就我個(gè)人而言，我支持…

27.As to me, the former/latter opinion is more acceptable.對我來說，前/后一種觀點(diǎn)更可以接受。

28.For my part, I am on the side of…

對我來所，我站在…那邊。

29.As I see it, …

就我看來，…

30.From my perspective, I…

就我而言，我…

九.圖表作文開頭段常用引出總體趨勢的句型

31.As can be seen from the line/bar/chart/table that…increased/rose/grew/dramatically from…

從圖表可見，自…以來，…出現(xiàn)了極大的增長。

第四篇：四級翻譯

Part Ⅳ Translation(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese to English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.2016年12月英語四級翻譯真題及參考答案（卷一）

紅色

在中國文化中，紅色通常象征著好運(yùn)、長壽和幸福，在春節(jié)和其他喜慶場合，紅色到處可見。人們把現(xiàn)金作為禮物送給家人或親密朋友時(shí)，通常放在紅信封里。紅色在中國流行的另一個(gè)原因是人們把它與中國革命和共產(chǎn)黨相聯(lián)系。然而，紅色并不總是代表好運(yùn)與快樂。因?yàn)閺那八勒叩拿殖Ｓ眉t色書寫，用紅墨水寫中國人名被看成是一種冒犯行為。

2016年12月英語四級翻譯真題及參考答案（卷二）

在中國文化中，黃顏色是一種很重要的顏色，因?yàn)樗哂歇?dú)特的象征意義。在封建(feudal)社會中，它象征統(tǒng)治者的權(quán)力和權(quán)威。那時(shí)，黃色是專為皇帝使用的顏色，皇家宮殿全都漆成黃色，皇袍總是黃色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黃色衣服的。在中國，黃色也是收獲的象征。秋天莊稼成熟時(shí)，田野變得一片金黃。人們興高采烈，慶祝豐收。

要點(diǎn)1：黃顏色是一種很重要的顏色yellow is an important color, 相信這句大家都能譯的出來，不過要注意：“黃顏色”不需要寫yellow color，因?yàn)閥ellow本來就是黃色。要點(diǎn)2：它具有獨(dú)特的象征意義which carries a unique symbolic meaning.要點(diǎn)3：它象征著統(tǒng)治者的權(quán)利和權(quán)威It embodies rulers’ power and authority.此處，統(tǒng)治者可以接受的譯法還有：governor, dominator都是可以的。象征還可以寫成symbolize,represent.要點(diǎn)4：皇家宮殿全都漆成黃色royal palaces were painted with yellow.皇家宮殿royal palaces，皇帝emperor，黃袍imperial robes.要點(diǎn)5：普通老百姓是禁止穿黃色衣服的average people were not allowed to wear yellow clothes，禁止還可以用：ban, forbid.要點(diǎn)6：秋天莊稼成熟時(shí)，田野變得一片金黃When crops are ripe in Fall, the farmlands become a piece of golden yellow.2016年12月英語四級翻譯真題及參考答案（卷三）

白色

隨著中國的改革開放，如今很多年輕人都喜歡舉行西式婚禮。新娘在婚禮上穿著白色婚紗，因?yàn)榘咨徽J(rèn)為是純潔的象征。然而，在中國傳統(tǒng)文化中，白色經(jīng)常是葬禮上使用的顏色。因此務(wù)必記住，白花一定不要用作祝人康復(fù)的禮物，尤其不要送給老年人或危重病人。同樣，禮金也不能裝在白色信封里，而要裝在紅色信封里。

參考范文：

William Pu

Sunday，December 18, 2016

1、模擬題

上個(gè)世紀(jì)90年代以來，氣候問題日漸被世人關(guān)注并演化成為一個(gè)全球政治議題。20年的氣候談判展現(xiàn)出氣候政治博弈的復(fù)雜局面，利益主體的分化和博弈主題的擴(kuò)展造成了氣候政治合作這一全球性難題。在這樣的背景下，我國應(yīng)當(dāng)做出如下戰(zhàn)略選擇加以應(yīng)對：一是掌握主動，堅(jiān)持低碳發(fā)展；二是積極應(yīng)對，爭取話語優(yōu)勢；三是廣泛參與，改造游戲規(guī)則。

參考譯文

Since the 1990's, climate problems have become a global concern as a topic on the world political agenda.Climate negotiations in the past 20 years have ended in a complicated situation of political game on climate, and the differentiation of the interest subjects and the extension of the theme of the game have become a global dilemma in the political cooperation on climate.Under such circumstances, China should respond with the following strategic choices: 1.taking the initiative in our own hands and sticking to low-carbon emission development;2.making active responses and striving for a bigger say;and 3.taking an extensive participation, and trying to reform the game rule

2、徐霞客一生周游考察了十六個(gè)省，足跡幾乎遍及全國。他在考察的過程中，從不盲目迷信書本上的結(jié)論。他發(fā)現(xiàn)前人研究地理的記載有許多很不可靠的地方。為了進(jìn)行真實(shí)細(xì)致的考察，他很少乘車坐船，幾乎全靠雙腳翻山越嶺，長途跋涉；為了弄清大自然的真相，他總是挑選道路艱險(xiǎn)的山區(qū)，人跡稀少的森林進(jìn)行考察，發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多奇山秀景。

Xu Xiake toured and investigated 16 provinces in his lifetime, covering almost the whole country.When he was carrying out his investigations, he never took blind belief in the conclusions in the books.Instead he found a lot of unreliable points in the geographic records taken by his predecessors.In order to make his investigations reliable and thorough, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat.Instead, he took long, arduous trips on foot almost all the time, climbing mountains and hills.In order to learn the truth of nature, he always chose to conduct investigations in mountainous roads and lonely woods, where he discovered a lot of magnificent peaks and beautiful sights.3、一檔在國內(nèi)異常火爆的電視比賽節(jié)目，引發(fā)了不少人的焦慮——大家書寫漢字的能力正在不斷衰退。

電腦和智能手機(jī)的迅速發(fā)展和普及，致使很多年輕人都拿起了筆卻寫不來字。若不借助電子產(chǎn)品的提醒，不少人連常用的那一萬多個(gè)漢字都會想不起該怎么寫。

復(fù)雜的漢字書寫體系是中國古代文化遺留下來的瑰寶，而這一體系正不可避免地面臨著退化的命運(yùn)。參考譯文：

A televised contest that has become hugely popular in China has led to nationwide hand-wringing over the population’s increasing inability to write Chinese characters.The rapid rise of computers and smartphones has left most young people barely able to write by hand, with many unable to recall the estimated 10,000 characters used in daily life without an electronic prompt.The country’s complex writing system, a highly prized treasure of its ancient culture, is entering an inexorable decline.4、從10月1日起，中國“草根英雄”（也稱“感動2013人物”）第三季度網(wǎng)絡(luò)人物評選正式啟動。

評選活動由新華社發(fā)起并主辦。網(wǎng)友可以通過網(wǎng)站、微博和手機(jī)應(yīng)用三種方式為心中最愛的“草根英雄”投票。

評選將從20位候選人中選出10位主要事跡在道德和社會領(lǐng)域引起過廣泛關(guān)注的網(wǎng)絡(luò)人物。

陜西省28年治沙73000公頃“逐夢大漠”的牛玉琴，即是候選人之一。參考譯文：

Online voting kicked off on October 1st to select China’s grassroots heroes or “Good Samaritans” for the third quarter of 2013.Initiated and sponsored by Xinhua News Agency, netizens can vote for their favorites online or via microblogs and mobile applications.A total of 10 individuals will be selected from 20 candidates known for actions that have drawn attention to moral and societal issues.Shaanxi Province’s Niu Yuqin, who over the last 28 years has planted over 73,000 hectares of trees to control desertification, is among the candidates.5、在中國，喝茶是一種儀式（ritual），一種精致的品味（refined taste）的展示。人們在飲茶的同時(shí)，也領(lǐng)略品茶的情趣之意。喝茶聊天是中國人最流行的打發(fā)時(shí)間的方式。過去，他們是以進(jìn)有名的茶館而開始一天的生活。中國的茶館相當(dāng)于法國的咖啡館和英國的酒館。人們到這里不僅是為了喝茶，也是為了議論當(dāng)?shù)氐男侣勜浘驼卧掝}進(jìn)行激烈的辯論。

參考譯文：

Tea drinking in China is a ritual and a demonstration of the refined taste.While drinking tea, people also take delight in the essence of tea itself.Chatting over a pot of tea is a very popular way of pastime among Chinese.In the past, they would start the day with a visit to a well-known teahouse.Chinese teahouses would be the equivalent of French cafes and English pubs.People come here not just for tea, but also to discuss local news or to have intensive debates on political matters.6、旅游業(yè)是近二十年來在世界各地迅速發(fā)展的一個(gè)行業(yè)，現(xiàn)在正引起中國公眾越來越多的注意。許多人給報(bào)紙寫信，就促進(jìn)中國旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展提出了種種建議。人們的看法是，發(fā)展旅游業(yè)將有助于促進(jìn)中國人民和其他國家人民之間的相互了解和友誼，并將有利于文化、科學(xué)、技術(shù)方面的交流。還會有助于為中國的偉大事業(yè)積累資金。

參考譯文：

Tourism, a fast developing business over the last two decades in all parts of the world, is now receiving increasing attention among the Chinese public.Many people have written to the press making suggestions for the promotion of tourism in China.It is believed that the development of tourism will help promote mutual understanding and friendship between the people of China and other countries, and facilitate exchanges in the field of culture, science and technology.Moreover, it will help accumulate funds for China’s great cause.7、意大利著名旅行家馬可。波羅(Marco Pole)曾這樣敘述他印象中的杭州：“這是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人覺得自己社在天堂。”在中國，也流傳著這樣的話：“上有天堂，下有蘇杭。”杭州的名氣主要在于風(fēng)景如畫的西湖。西湖一年四季都美不勝收，宋代著名詩人蘇東坡用“淡妝濃抹總相宜”的詩句來贊譽(yù)西湖。在杭州，您可以飽覽西湖的秀色，也不妨漫步(stroll)街頭鬧市，品嘗一下杭州的名菜名點(diǎn)，還可購上幾樣名特土產(chǎn)。

參考譯文：

The famous Italian traveler Marco Pole was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the most fascinating city in the world where one feels that one is in paradise.” In China, there has been a century-old popular saying praising the city: In Heaven there is Paradise;OnEarth there are Suzhou and Hangzhou.” Hangzhou’s fame lies mainly in its picturesque West Lake.As it is beautiful all the year round, the West Lake was compared by Su Dongpo, a celebrated poet of the Song Dynasty, to a beauty “who is always charming in either light or heavy makeup.” In Hangzhou, you will not only find the lake a perfect delight to the eye but also find it a joy to stroll along the busy streets, taste famous Hangzhou dishes and buy some special local products.8、目前，人類的生存環(huán)境正在遭到破壞，美麗的大自然已經(jīng)不那么美麗了。保護(hù)野生動物，也就是保護(hù)人婁自己。我強(qiáng)烈呼吁：不要再捕殺黑猩猩，不要再捕殺野生動物了，讓我們?nèi)祟惗嘁恍┑厍蛏系呐笥眩嘟o我們下一代保留一些野生動物吧!否則，地球?qū)缭谌祟愂?中，人類將毀滅在自己手中。

參考譯文：

At present, man’s living environment is being ruined, and beautiful nature is no longer so beautiful.Protection of wild life is protection of man himself.So I appeal strongly to all to stop killing the chimpanzee or any other wild animal.Let us human beings have more friends on the earth, and

leave more wild life for future generations.Or the earth would be destroyed by man, and man by man himself.9、農(nóng)歷八月十五日是中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日——中秋節(jié)。在這天，每個(gè)家庭都團(tuán)聚在一起，一家人共同觀賞象征豐裕、和諧和幸運(yùn)的圓月。此時(shí)，大人們吃著美味的月餅，品著熱騰騰的香茗，而孩子們則在一旁拉著燈籠盡情玩耍。中秋節(jié)最早可能是一個(gè)慶祝豐收的節(jié)日。后來，月宮里美麗的仙女嫦娥的神話故事賦予了它神話色彩。此后，每年中秋月圓之時(shí)，人們向月宮仙女嫦娥祈福的傳說便流傳開來。

參考譯文：

“Zhong Qiu Jie”, which is also known as the Mid-Autumn Festival, is celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar.It is a time for family members and loved ones to get together and enjoy the full moon-a symbol of abundance, harmony and luck.Adults will usually indulge in fragrant mooncakes of many varieties with a good cup of piping hot Chinese tea, while the little ones run around with their lanterns.“Zhong Qiu Jie” probably began as a harvest festival.The festival was later given a mythological flavour with legends of Chang-E, the beautiful lady in the moon.Thus started the legend of the lady in the moon to whom people would pray at the Mid-Autumn Festival.10、端午節(jié)，又稱為五五節(jié)，因?yàn)槎宋绻?jié)是在農(nóng)歷的五月五日，它是中國重要的節(jié)慶之一。這個(gè)節(jié)日是為了紀(jì)念楚國(the Chu Emperor)的大夫屈原，他因?yàn)閷Τ?court)的貪污腐敗感到絕望而投河自盡。鎮(zhèn)上的人紛紛沖上船去救他，卻沒有成功。后來大家把米撒到水里，希望把饑餓的魚群從他的軀體邊引開。多年以后，屈原逝世的故事逐漸演變成賽龍舟和吃粽子(一種包在竹葉中的米食)的傳統(tǒng)。

參考譯文：

The Dragon Boat Festival, also called Double Fifth Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth moon of the lunar calendar.It is one of the most important Chinese festivals.The festival commemorates Qu Yuan, a minister in the service of the Chu Emperor.Despairing over corruption at court, Qu threw himself into a river.Townspeople jumped into their boats and tried in vain to save him.Then, hoping to distract hungry fish from his body, the people scattered rice on the water.Over the years, the story of Qu’s demise transformed into the traditions of racing dragon boats and eating zongzi – a kind of rice wrapped in bamboo leaves.11、春節(jié)是中國最重要的節(jié)日，也是大家所熟悉的中國新年。對于中國人來說，這個(gè)節(jié)日的重要性如同圣誕節(jié)對于西方人。具體的節(jié)慶日期是由農(nóng)歷（lunar calendar）而不是由公歷（Gregorian calendar）決定的。所以，春節(jié)的節(jié)慶日期一般在元月下旬與二月上旬之間。新年的準(zhǔn)備活動自臘月底（農(nóng)歷年底）開始，人們忙于掃塵，還清債務(wù)，理發(fā)，置新衣。人們也會在家中或到廟里燒香（burn incense）祭祖，祈求老天爺保佑平安。

譯文：The most important holiday in China is the Spring Festival, which is also known as the Chinese New Year.To the Chinese people it is as important as Christmas to the westerners.The date for this annual celebration is determined by the lunar calendar rather than the Gregorian calendar, so the timing of the holiday varies form late January to early February.Preparations for the New Year begin on the final days of the last lunar month when most families clean their homes, pay their debts, have their hair cut and buy new clothes.People also burn incense at home or in the temples to pay respect to their ancestors and to pray to the God for a happy life in the coming year.

12、原文：中國日益擴(kuò)大的國際接觸對其進(jìn)步一直是至關(guān)重要的。中國能夠在已取得的經(jīng)濟(jì)成功的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，關(guān)鍵是它進(jìn)入了世界市場。讓我們看幾個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字。1979年以來，外貿(mào)占中國國民生產(chǎn)總值（Gross National Product/GNP）的比重從10%上升到45%。融入世界市場已成為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的一個(gè)基本事實(shí)。繼之而來的是融入世界投資體系。外國資金大量流入中國，外資存量（reserve of foreign funds）從1989年的50億美元上升到1994年的近900億美元。

譯文：China’s growing international engagement has been vital to her progress.The key to sustaining and building on early economic success was China’s move into the world markets.Let’s consider a couple of statistics.Since 1979 foreign trade, as a share of China’s GNP has risen from 10% to 45%.Integration in the world markets became a bare fact of Chinese economic life.With that came integration into the world investment system.Foreign funds flowed into China in a spectacular way.The reserve of foreign funds grew form ＄ 5 billion in 1989 to nearly 90 billion by 1994.

13、我們中國是世界上最大的國家之一，它的領(lǐng)土和整個(gè)歐洲的面積差不多相等。在這個(gè)廣大的領(lǐng)土之上，有廣大的肥田沃地給我們以衣食之源；有縱橫全國的大小山脈，生長了廣大的森林，貯藏了豐富的礦產(chǎn)；有很多的江河湖澤，給我們以舟揖和灌溉之利；有很長的海岸線，給我們以交通海外各民族的方便。（136字）難點(diǎn)注釋：

1）廣大的肥田沃地large areas of fertile land

2)給我們以衣食之源provide us with food and clothing

3）縱橫全國的大小山脈mountain ranges across its length and breadth

4）廣大的森林，豐富的礦產(chǎn)with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits

5）給我們以舟揖和灌溉之利provide us with water transport and irrigation

6）交通海外各民族的方便facilitate communication with nations beyond the seas 參考譯文：

China is one of the largest countries in the world，her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe.In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing，mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits，many rivers and lakes which provide us with water transport and irrigation，and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas.14、一周七天不間斷的學(xué)習(xí)，這些學(xué)生的生活的每一分鐘都在為高考準(zhǔn)備，因?yàn)楦呖紱Q定了他們的命運(yùn)。對于那些來自貧困或者農(nóng)村家庭的孩子們來說，在這場考試中好好表現(xiàn)，毫無置疑是他們爬上社會階梯并成功的唯一的方法。競爭是激烈的，大部分的高中生最后不得不被分配到職業(yè)學(xué)校去。（128字）

每一分鐘都在為高考準(zhǔn)備are regimented(嚴(yán)格地管制)almost every minute of the day as they prepare for 不得不被分配到be relegated（歸入，把降低到）to 參考譯文：

Studying seven days a week, the students’ lives are regimented(嚴(yán)格地管制)almost every minute of the day as they prepare for the end-of-year exam that can determine their fate.For many students from poor or rural backgrounds, a strong performance on the test is the only way to climb the social ladder and excel without connections.Competition is fierce and the majority of high school seniors will be relegated（歸入，把降低到）to vocational schools.

15、污染已成為問題，因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)今人口越來越多，社會越來越工業(yè)化的世界上，人類正在污染他們居住的環(huán)境。許多科學(xué)家認(rèn)為人類最大的錯(cuò)誤是把發(fā)展和進(jìn)步等同起來。現(xiàn)在人們以懷疑的態(tài)度看待“發(fā)展性”的產(chǎn)業(yè)，因?yàn)樗鼈兊母弊饔脮茐沫h(huán)境，破壞各種生命之間的關(guān)系。人口的增長導(dǎo)致對世界上有限的空氣、水和土地的需求不斷增長。伴隨著人口增長的是越來越多的人渴望更高的生活水平。于是對電、水和商品的更大需求必然造成有更多的廢物要處理。這個(gè)問題已經(jīng)引起人們對生物及其環(huán)境的日益關(guān)注。許多人認(rèn)為，人類沒有盡快地解決這一問題，卻只顧謀求私利，以致于到了無可挽救的地步以后才充分認(rèn)識到這種兵貴神速。

參考譯文：

Pollution is a problem because man in an increasingly populated and industrialized world is upsetting the environment in which he lives.2)Many scientists maintain that one of man’s greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement.3)Now “growth” industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life.4)The growing population makes increasing demands on the world’s fixed supply of air water and land.5)This rise in population is accompanied by the desire of more and more people for a better standard of living, in an ever increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of.6)The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their environment.7)Many believe that man is not solving these problems quickly enough and that his selfish pursuit of possessions takes him past the point of no return before he fully appreciates the damage.16、現(xiàn)在大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)壓力相當(dāng)重。除了大四，他們開始找工作了，其余的學(xué)生總是忙于學(xué)習(xí)，而不愿參加校園團(tuán)體和俱樂部，不愿參加體育鍛煉和其他課外活動，不愿與他們的朋友玩玩，不愿關(guān)心和學(xué)習(xí)沒有關(guān)系的事。總之，他們就像一個(gè)機(jī)器人。壓力大，時(shí)間少，功課多。看到同寢室里的人都上圖書館去學(xué)習(xí)，到深夜閉館才回，而自己卻去看電影，他們就會有一種內(nèi)疚感。一想到白天什么事都沒干，心里就感到不安，會整夜因此睡不著覺。他們學(xué)習(xí)太緊張，幾乎沒有時(shí)間好好品嘗生活，干些其他事，成為一個(gè)全面發(fā)展的人。讀大學(xué)使他們失去太多的個(gè)人幸福和健康。

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College students now bear heavy academic pressure.2)You will find them—except seniors who are beginning to look for a job—always too busy in studies to join campus organizations too busy to take part in sports and other extracurricular activities too busy to share the interests of their friends and too busy to pay attention to anything that is not connected with their studies.3)In short they have become nothing but a robot.4)They are under pressure to do too much work in too little time.5)If their roommates are studying in the library until it closes at midnight while they go to a movie they will feel guilty.6)The very idea of doing nothing during the day will make them uncomfortable and sleepless all night.7)They study so hard that they have hardly had time to savor life and to pursue other interests to grow as well-rounded people.8)The pursuit of college education costs them too much personal happiness and health.17、新年春節(jié)剛過，農(nóng)村的破舊小車站就擠滿了成千上萬的農(nóng)民。他們只有一個(gè)目的，到城市去。八十年代處，農(nóng)村的改革，使得千千萬萬的農(nóng)民從土地上解放了出來，紛紛跑到城市找工作。自那以后，這種大規(guī)模的民工潮一直使城市感到頭痛。這不僅是因?yàn)閷Τ鞘性O(shè)施造成了極大的壓力，而且他們擔(dān)心會引發(fā)許多社會矛盾。所以外來民工往往補(bǔ)被看成二等公民，不能成為城市居民，孩子不能在城市讀書。但是另一方面，城市和經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)區(qū)的發(fā)展急切需要大批勞力到工廠和建設(shè)工地。而且政府也感到如果不讓農(nóng)民出來。而農(nóng)民的不滿加劇，會導(dǎo)致社會**。

參考譯文“

Only a few days after the Lunar New Year in dilapidated little railway stations throughout the countryside millions of peasants are gathering with a single purpose to get to the cities.3,4)Even since the early 1980s when the agricultural reform freed millions of farmers to seek city jobs the mass not just because of the pressure it puts on infrastructure.5)Many fear that migration on such a giant scale will lead to social strain,6)As a result they have treated the migrants as second-class citizens.6)For instance workers form the rural heartland are denied the right to settle down as permanent residents and to send their children to city schools.7)But on the other hand in booming cities and special economic zones factories and construction sites need all the labor they can get.8,9)And the government believe that if the rural masses did not get a share of and poor countryside would further widen leading to a building-up resentment that might fuel social unrest.

18、不同的人對退休持不同的態(tài)度。有些人認(rèn)為退休后可以好好享受晚年的生活。但真的退下來了，他們則有點(diǎn)失望。看到自己就要被拋到廢物堆里，他們不甘認(rèn)命，設(shè)法另找事干來發(fā)揮自己的于熱，以繼續(xù)得到收入。另一些人則對一生中這樣一個(gè)重大變動早有準(zhǔn)備。他們一生為工作操勞，現(xiàn)在筋疲力盡了，渴望退休后能放松拉緊的弦，好好休息。由于不再需要每天早晨去趕公共汽車了，不再要為晉級慮。就可以有足夠的時(shí)間去追求童年時(shí)的夢想，如寫寫書、畫畫圖、種種花、周游各地。總的來說，沒有像男的一樣感到可怕。

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Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to person.2)Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, 3)but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed.4)Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provede.5)Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives.6)Tired out after all exhausting life revolving around work they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved.7)As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream such as writing painting growing flowers and traveling around.8)On the whole female workers tend to have a more favorable attitude towards retirement than male workers.9)Withdrawal from employment to complete domesticity is a far less threatening experience for a woman than for a man.19、當(dāng)我們從全球的角度來看環(huán)境問題時(shí)，首先注意的是環(huán)境問題引起人們的各種擔(dān)心。發(fā)達(dá)國家擔(dān)心的是大氣和水的污染，能源的緊張，城市對農(nóng)村面積的不斷蠶食。發(fā)展中國家最擔(dān)心的是營養(yǎng)不良，人口增長，水源不足，缺少教育和就業(yè)機(jī)會。

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When we examine environmental problems in a global context the first thing that impresses us is the variety of concerns they evode.2, 3)Whereas in the developed world the focus is on air and water pollution the energy shortage and chewing up of the rural areas by urban sprawl the concern of the developing countries will most likely center on malnutrition population growth insufficiency of water the lack of education and jobs.20、這次長江流域的水災(zāi)是44年來最嚴(yán)重的。官方的數(shù)字表明已有2000多人死亡，1380萬人被迫離開家園。占中國總耕地面積3%的450萬公頃的農(nóng)作物被毀。工廠被迫停工，產(chǎn)量受到影響。客運(yùn)的貨運(yùn)也被迫中斷。在未來的許多歲月里，人民都會感受到洪災(zāi)對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的總體影響。盡管損失如此嚴(yán)重，舉國上下，展民與洪水的斗爭是非常值得稱贊的。在抗洪斗爭中，中國人民顯示了令人嘆服的守堤防洪的能力，例如這次國家調(diào)動了160萬軍隊(duì)去幫助守護(hù)大堤，將被洪水淹沒地區(qū)的百姓遷走。事實(shí)上，差不多有數(shù)百萬平民百姓參加了這一人類巨大的斗爭。

參考譯文：

The floods in the Yangtze River basin are the worst in 44 years.2)Official figures indicate that more than 2000 people have been drowned and 13.8 million have been driven from their jhomes.3)Crops have been destroyed on 4.5 million hectares.3 percent of China’s total cropland.4)Industrial output has suffered as factories have had to shut.5)The transportation of goods and people has been disrupted.6)The overall effect on China’s economy will be felt for many months.7/8)Despite the serious damage China deserves a lot credit for the nationwide effort to deal with flooding during which the Chinese have demonstrated a remarkable capacity for shoring up dikes and protecting themselves from flooding.9)For example 1.6 million troops have been mobilized to help protect the dikes and to move people out of areas being flooded.10)Literally millions of civilians are involved in this enormous human effort.

第五篇：四級翻譯

在中國，農(nóng)歷九月九日為傳統(tǒng)的重陽節(jié)。九九重陽因?yàn)榕c“久久”同音，有長久長壽的含意，況且秋季也是一年收獲的黃金季節(jié)，重陽佳節(jié)，寓意深遠(yuǎn)。在1989年，我國把每年的九月九日定為老人節(jié)，這是傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代的巧妙結(jié)合，使傳統(tǒng)的重陽節(jié)成為尊老、敬老、愛老、助老的老年人的節(jié)日。在重陽節(jié)這一天不少家庭的晚輩會陪伴年老的長輩到郊外活動或?yàn)槔先藴?zhǔn)備一些可口的飲食。

The Double Ninth Festival comes on September the ninth on the lunar calendar in China.The traditional festival sounds like “everlasting” in Chinese and thus implies a long life.What’s more, autumn is a golden season for harvest, which renders the festival meaningful.In 1989, September the ninth was designated as the day for the old in China, which is a tactful combination of traditional and modern practice, and becomes a festival for respecting, loving and helping the old.In the festival the younger generation of many families will accompany the elder on the trip to the suburb or prepare some delicious food for them.看到涂紅畫綠的臉譜（facial painting），你一定會想到戲曲。臉譜是中國戲曲藝術(shù)的重要組成部分，也是中華傳統(tǒng)文化的瑰寶。京劇臉譜，是具有中華民族特色的一種的化妝方法。在京劇中每個(gè)歷史人物都有一種大概的譜式，就像唱歌要按照樂譜一樣，所以稱為“臉譜”。京劇臉譜與角色的性格有關(guān)：紅色表示忠勇正義；黑色表示剛烈正直；藍(lán)色表示桀驁不馴的人；白色象征陰險(xiǎn)狡詐的人。

2014年6月四級翻譯預(yù)測參考范文：

You are sure to associate the colorful facial painting with Chinese operas when you lay eyes on it.As an important part of the art of Chinese operas, the facial painting is also what is treasured in Chinese traditional culture.Beijing opera facial makeup is typical of Chinese nationality.Every historical figure’s face corresponds to a certain facial pattern in Beijing opera, which functions as “樂譜”（the music for singers to follow）, hence the use of the term “臉譜（facial makeup）”.Beijing opera makeup reflects the character’s nature: red signifies loyalty, bravery and justice;black moral integrity and honesty, blue tendency towards rebellion;white a subtle character.