第一篇:三種不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)現(xiàn)象
三種不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)現(xiàn)象
英語中名詞分為可數(shù)和不可數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞一般有:專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞,但有時(shí)它們也以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),此時(shí)往往有了新的含義。
一 專有名詞的復(fù)數(shù)現(xiàn)象 1.表示某某夫婦或某某一家。
The Blacks will call on us this afternoon.2.表示若干同名或同姓的人。
There are two Toms in our class.注:專有名詞變復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則與普通名詞相同,但是以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞一般只需直接加-s.如;Three Marys 三個(gè)叫瑪麗的人。
3.一些具有復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞。如:the West Indies 西印度群島,the Himalayas 喜馬拉雅山脈,the Midlands 英格蘭中部。
二 物質(zhì)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)現(xiàn)象。
1. 有些物質(zhì)名詞用作復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示與原來不同的事物。如:paper(紙)――papers(證件,論文),custom(風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣)――customs(海關(guān)),arm(胳膊)――arms(武器,裝備),air(空氣)――airs(神氣)等等。例如:
You will have to show your papers at the gate.在門口你得出示證件。
2.有些物質(zhì)名詞用作復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示不同的種類。如:food, wine, metal, wheat, rice 等。例句:The wines of France are among the best in the world.法國(guó)的葡萄酒是世界上最好的。
3.有一些物質(zhì)名詞用作復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示有大量該物質(zhì)組成的事物。如:sand(沙子)—sands(沙灘,沙漠);water(水)――waters(水域,水體);time(時(shí)間)—times(時(shí)代);wood(樹木)---woods(森林).等等。例句:
Don’t fish in troubled waters.你不要混水摸魚,趁人之危。
4.某些表示飲料的物質(zhì)名詞往往以復(fù)數(shù)形式代替單數(shù)詞。這類詞有coffees, teas 等等。例句:
He ordered two coffees and a sandwich.他要了兩份咖啡和一份三明治。
三.抽象名詞的復(fù)數(shù)現(xiàn)象
1.某些抽象名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示與原來意思相關(guān)的個(gè)體復(fù)數(shù)。如:beauty(美麗,美貌)―― beauties(美人);youth(青春,青年時(shí)期)――youths(青年們);necessity(必要性)―― necessities(必需品).等。例句:
Five hundred youths from all over the country will attend this morning.來自全國(guó)的五百多名青年將參加本次會(huì)議。
2.某些抽象名詞用作復(fù)數(shù)形式將該抽象名詞的含義具體化。如:difficulty(困難)――difficulties(難題);worry(煩惱)――worries(令人煩惱的事);joy(歡樂)――joys(使人高興的事);failure(失敗)――failures(失敗的事,失敗的人)等等。例句: They are failures as artists, but successes as teachers.作為藝術(shù)家他們是失敗者,但作為教師是成功者。
3.有些抽象名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式用來表示數(shù)量之多,以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如:congratulations, regards, respects, thanks, wishes, apologies, smiles, pities, fears, hopes, kindnesses 等。例句: I offered my congratulations on her success.我對(duì)她的成功表示了祝賀。He was in all smiles.他滿臉笑容。
authority權(quán)威---authorities 當(dāng)局
green 綠色---greens 蔬菜
look臉色,看---looks 面容,美貌
pain 痛苦---pains 辛苦,努力
spirit精神---spirits 情緒,酒精
experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)---experiences 經(jīng)歷 manner 態(tài)度,方式---manners禮貌
iron 鐵---irons 鐐銬,熨斗 scale 尺度---scales 天平
attention注意---attentions 殷勤 step步---steps 一段樓梯
force 武力---forces軍隊(duì) wood木材---woods森林
ruin毀滅----ruins廢墟 system系統(tǒng),制度---systems系統(tǒng)分析
snow雪---snows積雪
P93 Ⅳ I’m embarrassed to admit that women are less capable than men of resisting the temptation of fashion.2 It means that you make friends with different people in order to find a new identity for yourself.Vocabulary: 1.are likely to, are prone to/ break up, collapse/ as a whole/ powerless against, completely controlled by/ not surprising, only too natural 2.obsessive/ moodiness/ tolerable/ beneficial/ satisfying 3.C D A A B 4.delayed/ Feverishly/ fa?ade/ confronted/ premise 5.1)preface prefix prepare precondition preview previous predict premature preschool 2)prolong progress prospect prominent propose 3)foresee forehead forecast 4)paraphrase parallel parasite parataxis 5)persuade persist perfect
6)dialogue dialect
P97 1 against an for
future
done
be
more not
other
10of their
as
likely 14 if
themselves 3
第二篇:常用不可數(shù)名詞、不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)
常用不可數(shù)名詞
bread面包
beer啤酒
cloth布
coffee咖啡
cream奶油
dust塵土
gin杜松子酒
glass玻璃
gold黃金
ice冰
jam果醬
oil油
paper紙
sand沙
soap肥皂
stone石頭
water水
juice飲料
wine葡萄酒
wood木頭
advice忠告
beauty美麗
courage勇氣
death死亡
experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)
fear擔(dān)心
help幫助
hope希望
horror恐懼
information消息
knowledge知識(shí)
tea茶
mercy仁慈
pity同情
relief救濟(jì)
people人物 suspicion猜疑
work工作
baggage行李
camping露營(yíng)
damage傷害
furniture家具
luggage 行李
parking停車
shopping購物
weather天氣
money金錢
a bit of news一件消息
a cake of soap一塊肥皂
a drop of oil一滴油
a grain of sand一粒沙子
a pane of glass一塊玻璃
a piece of advice一條忠告
a pot of jam一罐果醬
a sheet of paper一頁紙
a box of milk一盒牛奶
* 如果一個(gè)名詞所代表的事物,“切”成兩半之后仍為該物,那它就是不可數(shù)名詞;反之則為可數(shù)名詞。(water、bike)
只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞語有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。
名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化
1)child---children
foot---feet
tooth---teeth
mouse---mice
man---men
woman---women 2)單復(fù)同形 如:
deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters 3)集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。
如: people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù),不能說 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British。4)以s結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)的名詞,如:
a.maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞,為不可數(shù)名詞,是單數(shù)。b.news 是不可數(shù)名詞。
第三篇:可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則
可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則
英語中的名詞指的是一種抽象的或者具體的事物,它有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分。所謂可數(shù)名詞指的就是在數(shù)量上可以計(jì)數(shù),可以數(shù)出數(shù)量的事物;所謂不可數(shù)名詞是指不能以數(shù)目來計(jì)算,不可以分成個(gè)體的概念、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情或表示物質(zhì)材料的東西。
一、可數(shù)名詞在它之前可以加上冠詞a/an(以元音字母a,e,i,o,u開頭的字母前冠詞用an)。而不可數(shù)名詞前面是不可以直接加冠詞的。可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)律如下:
a.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;讀音:清輔音后讀[s],濁輔音和元音后讀[z]。
b.以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;讀音:[iz]。
c.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, baby-babies 嬰兒 ;讀音:[z]。
以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾,直接加-s,如:monkey-monkeys,toy-toys 讀音:[s]。d.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives, leaf---leaves樹葉;讀音:[z]。e.以“o”結(jié)尾的詞,分兩種情況
1)有生命的加-es 讀音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes,tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes 2)無生命的加-s 讀音:[z] 如:photo-photos,radio-radios f.以ce,se,ze,de,ge結(jié)尾,加-s,如:exercise-exercises,讀音:[z]。
g.不規(guī)則名詞:小老鼠爬燈臺(tái),偷油吃下不來。男人當(dāng)警察,保護(hù)婦女跟兒童;
英國(guó)人的牙咬了法國(guó)人的腳; 養(yǎng)了一頭日本羊,送給了中國(guó)人;
養(yǎng)了一頭鹿跟鵝,賣給了瑞士人。
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, goose---geese鵝,mouse(老鼠)-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, ox-oxen(公牛)h.除此之外,還有一部分名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形,如: fish魚,deer鹿,sheep綿羊,news 新聞,goods 商品,fish,people 人,human人類 i.有一些名詞則只有復(fù)數(shù)形式:trousers褲子,pants褲子,shorts短褲 glasses眼鏡,compasses圓規(guī),scales天平,pliers鉗子,clips剪子 j.“某國(guó)人”的復(fù)數(shù)有三種類型:
(1)Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 三國(guó)人單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)同形,不需加s;(2)Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman復(fù)數(shù)要把 man 變?yōu)閙en;
注意:German的復(fù)數(shù)是Germans,它的man不是詞根,而是由Germany演變過來的。(3)其他各國(guó)人以–an,-ian結(jié)尾的均直接加s。如:Americans, Australians, Indians等。
可依照這個(gè)口訣記憶:中日瑞士均不變,英法荷蘭都要變,其他”s”加后面。
第四篇:可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則
可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則
英語中的名詞指的是一種抽象的或者具體的事物,它有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分。所謂可數(shù)名詞指的就是在數(shù)量上可以計(jì)數(shù),可以數(shù)出數(shù)量的事物;所謂不可數(shù)名詞是指不能以數(shù)目來計(jì)算,不可以分成個(gè)體的概念、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情或表示物質(zhì)材料的東西。
一、可數(shù)名詞在它之前可以加上冠詞a/an(以元音字母a,e,i,o,u開頭的字母前冠詞用an)。而不可數(shù)名詞前面是不可以直接加冠詞的。可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)律如下:
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;讀音:清輔音后讀[s],濁輔音和元音后讀[z]。
2.以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;讀音:[iz]。
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, baby-babies 嬰兒 ;讀音:[z]。
以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾,直接加-s,如:monkey-monkeys,toy-toys;讀音:[s]。
4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives, leaf---leaves樹葉;讀音:[z]。
5.以“o”結(jié)尾的詞,分兩種情況
1)有生命的加-es 讀音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes,tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes 2)無生命的加-s 讀音:[z] 如:photo-photos,radio-radios 6.不規(guī)則名詞:小老鼠爬燈臺(tái),偷油吃下不來。男人當(dāng)警察,保護(hù)婦女跟兒童;英國(guó)人的牙咬了法國(guó)人的腳; 養(yǎng)了一頭日本羊,送給了中國(guó)人; 養(yǎng)了一頭鹿跟鵝,賣給了瑞士人。
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, goose---geese鵝,mouse(老鼠)-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, ox-oxen(公牛)
7.除此之外,還有一部分名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形,如: fish魚,deer鹿,sheep綿羊,news 新聞,goods 商品,fish,people 人,human人類 8.有一些名詞則只有復(fù)數(shù)形式:trousers褲子,pants褲子,shorts短褲 glasses眼鏡,compasses圓規(guī),scales天平,pliers鉗子,clips剪子 9.“某國(guó)人”的復(fù)數(shù)有三種類型:
(1)Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 三國(guó)人單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)同形,不需加s;(2)Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman復(fù)數(shù)要把 man 變?yōu)閙en;
注意:German的復(fù)數(shù)是Germans,它的man不是詞根,而是由Germany演變過來的。
(3)其他各國(guó)人以–an,-ian結(jié)尾的均直接加s。如:Americans, Australians, Indians等。
可依照這個(gè)口訣記憶:中日瑞士均不變,英法荷蘭都要變,其他”s”加后面。可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則練習(xí)題
一、1、orange
2、class
3、text
4、monkey
5、piano
6、child
7、shelf
8、bed
9、country
10、family
11、toy
12、foot
13、Japanese
14、radio
15、photo
16、army
17、tomato
18、fox
19、woman 20、knife
22、sheep
二、1.house __________ 2.village ____________3.map ___________ 4.orange _____________5.bag _________ 6.exercise ___________ 7.brush __________ 8.family _______________ 9.bus __________ 10.city __________ 11.box __________ 12.baby ______________ 13.class ________14.factory ________15.glass ___________ 16.dictionary _____________ 17.watch __________18.woman _________ 19.match ___________20.man _____________ 21.wish _______ 22.German _________23.tomato _______24.policeman _______________ 25.kilo _________26.human _______27.potato ___________ 28.Chinese ______________ 29.shelf __________30.Japanese _______ 31.leaf _________ 32.American ____________33.life _________ 34.tooth _______35.wife ___________36.foot _______________ 37.knife _________38.sheep ____________39.half _____________ 40.scarf____________ 41.postman___________43.staff__________box_________pencil__________ watch________star____________door__________bag______ window________________bowl___________book_________dog___________ cat__________tree______eye___________flower_________chair_________ people_______girl____________man_________ear___________woman__________ policeman__________ policewoman_________ tooth___________goose_____________doctor___________ teacher___________child_________ student___________photo______________map____________picture__________ desk__________ life____________leaf_______________half____________shelf_______________ wolf___________ bird_____________panda___________lion______________fish___________ deer_________ sheep________candy_____________family___________baby_____________ toy_________ car__________bus__________cup____________bottle_____________ lake____________ hill___________wall_____________stamp____________Chinese_________ festival_____________mountain____________floor__________noodle__________ fruit_______________dumpling________apple_________pear_________ vegetable___________ grape_______________banana___________cherry____________watermelon____________orange____________ox___________ foot________arm_________leg_________necklace_________game____________ computer___________mouse_________fish_________ tomato__________potato__________onion____________cabbage__________plane______kite_________ship________chopstick_________spoon____________cloth____________pant____________shirt_________hat_________cap___________sweater____________ sock____________gift____________eraser__________present________lantern_______sister__________brother_____light_________key______monkey___________ tiger___________rabbit_________snake___________animal__________ frog__________shoe_________knife____________an____________glass____________ rose____________brush________bear_________son_________uncle___________ aunt_________
第五篇:不可數(shù)名詞 集體名詞 不規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
不可數(shù)名詞 集體名詞 不規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
不可數(shù)名詞 集體名詞 不規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
【不可數(shù)名詞】
1、最常見的不可數(shù)名詞有:advice, baggage, change(零錢), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic
2、其它不可數(shù)名詞還有:absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work(工作)
【集合名詞】
有些集合名詞,ommittee,council,crew,crowd,family,gang,government,group,mob,staff,team, union等,在意義上是復(fù)數(shù),但在語法形式上是單數(shù),這類名詞作主語的主謂一致問題往往遵循“語法一致”或“意義一致”原則。
例如:
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.A council of elders governs the tribe.The present government is trying to control inflation.The school staff are expected to supervise school meals.(一)通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞
包括police,people, cattle, militia, vermin等,這些集體名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
The British police have only very limited powers.The militia were called out to guard the borderland.It seems the cattle on the sides of the dikes were the only living creatures in these desolate surroundings.(二)通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞
通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞,包括poultry,foliage,machinery, equipment,furniture, merchandise等,這類名詞后的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:
Poultry is expensive at this time of year.That green foliage was restful.The merchandise has arrived undamaged.All the machinery in the factory is made in China.The suite of furniture he bought was of contemporary style.The equipment of the photographic studio was expensive.(三)可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞
可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞,包括audience, committee, crew, family, government,jury等。
例如:
The audience was/were enthusiastic on the opening night of the play.The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.The jury is/are about to announce the winners.The government has/have discussed the matter for a long time.【不規(guī)則名詞】
名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:與 man 和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men 和-women。如: an Englishman,two Englishmen.但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;Bowman是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans。
2)單復(fù)同形 如: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 但除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters 3)集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如: people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù),不能說 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說 a pers on,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名詞,表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí),作復(fù)數(shù)用。如: The Chinese are industries and brave.中國(guó)人民是勤勞勇敢的。
4)以s結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)的名詞,如: a.maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞,為不可數(shù)名詞,是單數(shù)。b.news 是不可數(shù)名詞。c.the United States,the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。The United Nations was organized in 1945.聯(lián)合國(guó)是1945年組建起來的。d.以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名,劇名,報(bào)紙,雜志名,也可視為單數(shù)。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.>是一本非常有趣的故事書。
5)表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西,如:glasses(眼鏡)trousers, clothes 若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對(duì),雙);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers
6)另外還有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思,如:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚 【雙寫】 在不特殊的情況下,當(dāng)原形最后一個(gè)音節(jié)為重讀閉音節(jié)時(shí),需要雙寫。比如:swim——swimming run——running put——putting begin——begging 想不起來都是雙寫的.不一定都只有一個(gè)元音字母
【規(guī)律】
除了最后一個(gè)雙寫比較有規(guī)律之外,都沒有規(guī)律,要多讀多練,慢慢就都記住了。不要花太多時(shí)間在找規(guī)律上,遇見一個(gè)記一個(gè)。