第一篇：考博英語詞匯題

詞匯題匯總（練習）A scientific law is liable at any time to need modifying.This happens when fact is discovered which seems to_____ what the law would lead one to expect.A.prove B.support C.contradict D.discourage 2 The scientific and medical prizes have proved to be the least______, while those for literature and peace by their very nature have been the most exposed to critical differences.A.radical B.prominent C.confidential D.controversial 3 After several nuclear disasters, a ______ has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.A.quarrel B.suspicion C.verdict D.controversy 4 Our interests seem to ______ at this point.A.constrain B.condense C.conduct D.converge 5 Rescue teams from all over the world ______ on the earthquake-stricken area after the news s-pread that the quake, which measured 7.9 on the Richter scale, had claimed a toll of 15000 lives.A.diversified B.disseminated C.converged D.accelerated 6 The ______ of electrical energy into thermal energy is a process that is easily carried out at 100% efficiency.A.conversion B.convention C.conversation D.version 7 Without Bob’s testimony, evidence of bribery is lacking and ______ in the case will be impossible.A.verdict B.sentence C.conviction D.acquittal 8 The two countries have developed a ______ relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade.A.managerial B.lethal C.metric D.cordial 9 Chemistry is closely______ with other studies: physics, biology and so on.A.corresponded B.concerned C.correlated D.cooperated 10 It is not enough to observe behaviors and _____ them with physiological events that occur at the same time.A.correlate B.comply C.correspond D.pertain 11 Being the manager of a large corporation, he has a great deal of ______ to deal with every day.A.correspondents B.correspondence C.incidence D.dependence 12 Since its inception, Pakistan has strived desperately to ______India, cultivating ties with any state willing to help it.A.counteract B.counterfeited C.counterchange D.counterbalance 13 A briefcase full of counterfeit money was found on the counter.A.forged B.currency C.substituted D.cash 14 He displayed a complete lack of courtesy and tact in dealing with his employer.A.tenacity B.curiosity C.civility D.hostility 15 What is missing from TV news_______ would fill a book.A.coverage B.dissemination C.declaration D.consultation 16 The none of students in the class likes the mistress, who is used to being_____ of everything they do.A.emotional B.optimistic C.interested D.critical 17 The ______ question in this case is whether the accused had a motive for this crime or not.A.crucial B.forcible C.supreme D.valuable 18 In a divorce, the mother usually is granted______ of her children.A.support B.retention C.perseverance D.custody 19 Any person who is in ______ while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has been declared guilty.A.jeopardy B.custody C.suspicion D.probation 20 The jurors came to a deadlock in the defendant’s trial for murder.A.a decision of guilty B.a decision to punish by electrocution C.an impasse D.an unusual verdict 21 The source, who spoke on condition of anonymity, ______ to discuss the implication of that conclusion.A.receded B.implied C.complied D.declined 22 Because of a recent obstacle in production, sales have dropped and accordingly profits have______.A.declined B.increased C.broken D.maintained 23 If somebody is _____, he is given a medal or other honor as an official reward for what he has done.A.confirmed B.decorated C.appreciated D.nominated 24 He won by______ because his opponent refused to play.A.defect B.default C.deficit D.refusal 25 The ____now seems to stand as the primary to a new era of strong economic growth.A.defect B.descent C.deficit D.defeat 26 It was their______ decision to leave their country, and as a result, they lost their citizenship.A.compulsory B.deliberate C.carefree D.modest 27 A ______ plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities.A.deliberate B.disincentive C.functional D.fantastic 28 The supply of apples exceeds the _____ this year.A.request B.claim C.requirement D.demand 29 “Do you like your boss?” “No, he is too_______.”

A.in demand B.demande C.on demand D.demanding 30 I can’t understand how he can feel that his colleagues are always ready to denounce him.A.compliment B.criticize C.flatter D.challenge 31 Because of the bombing that killed six people, Washington has been urging the spokesman to______ terrorism more severely.A.charge B.censor C.blame D.denounce 32 The degree of downward slope of a beach depends o its composition of deposits as well as on the action of waves across its surface.A.sentiment B.sediment C.semester D.segment 33 Nobody at work is very happy, because last week’s sales figures were pretty _____.A.destroying B.depressing C.deceasing D.declining 34 I want to talk about all these points in_____ order of importance.A.declining

B.descending

C.plunging

D.falling

Sometimes a dictionary designates a noun as attributive, which means that it can be used to describe another noun or name its attributes.A.conveys

B.defines

C.indicates

D.explains

If you call the 911 emergency number, they will______ firemen, policemen, and paramedics immediately.A.assign

B.detach

C.attach

D.dispatch 37 The bus moved slowly in the thick fog.We arrived at our______ almost two hours later.A.designation

B.destiny

C.destination

D.dignity

He was ______ to take over the duties and responsibilities of his father from an early age.A.deduced

B.damped

C.diminished

D.destined

My grandmother has been ill for two months, so her health has______.A.deteriorated

B.diminished

C.dwindled

D.lessened

Smuggling is a ______ activity which might bring destruction to our economy;therefore, it must be banned.A.pertinent

B.fruitful

C.detrimental

D.casual

The Coriolis force causes all moving projectiles on Earth to be _____ from a straight line.A.distracted

B.deviated

C.intrigued

D.permeated 42 In ancient Egyptian paintings, royal figures were differentiated by making them several times larger than others.A.distinguished

B.estranged

C.deferred

D.enlarged

The ______ of the occasion was spoiled when she fell down the steps.A.privacy

B.dignity

C.morality

D.secrecy 44 Even if I won a million-dollar lottery, I would continue to live_____.A.subtly B.frugally C.explicitly D.cautiously 45 His wife says that he was more frugal in his youth than later years.A.listless B.robust C.thrifty D.gullible 46 To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must______ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.A.improve B.enhance C.guarantee D.gear 47 Desperation, hunger, thirst, and resentment all make it more likely that people will______ a more powerful figure who promised them help and/or salvation.A.be prone to B.give in to C.live up to D.put an end to 48 She ______ at the thought of being parted from her family for so long.A.suffered B.grieved C.discriminate D.scared 49 It______ me to see him in such a bad health.He was such an energetic and strong young man only several months ago.A.depressed B.upset C.harmed D.grieved 50 I’m surprised they are no longer on speaking terms.It’s not like either of them to bear a _______.A.grudge B.hatred C.disgust D.curse 51 Participants in the Shanghai Cooperation Forum______ regional teamwork to promote investment and economic development.A.cursed B.echoed C.bounced D.hailed 52 The snow_____ my plan to visit my aunt in the countryside.A.confused B.bewildered C.conversed D.hampered 53 The trucks _____ heavy goods from factories to the ports.A.pull B.haul C.drag D.push 54 Cigarette smoking is a great health _____ and may lead to fatal diseases.A.opposition B.protagonist C.fault D.hazard 55 The manager stubbornly_____ the section director from reducing his staff despite the failing business of the company.A.hindered B.adapted C.imposed D.permitted 56 It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all _____ to the flow of ideas shall be removed.A.prophecies B.transactions C.argument D.hindrances 57 Some birds______ when they look for animals to kill on the ground.A.hosed B.rolled C.hovered D.revolved 58 The full _____ of changes in computer technology will be felt within the next few years.A.affect B.impact C.action D.importance 59 The degree of economic growth is an ______ of the level of living.A.index B.advantage C.access D.aspect 60 The policeman tried to ______ the teenage driver to obey the traffic laws rather than fine him directly.A.induce B.abduct C.indulge D.lure 61 Since the package was______, the damage was paid for.A.ensured B.insured C.assured D.promised 62 The point at ______ at the meeting is whether they are to import the assembly line.A.argument B.controversy C.issue D.conflict 63 Lawyer have a terrible habit of using Latin and industry ______ to mystify people and themselves more valuable.A.inflections B.dialects C.accent D.jargon 64 As the cat lay asleep, dreaming her whiskers______.A.twitched B.twisted C.jerked D.jogged 65 The manager______ facts and figures to make it seem that the company was prosperous.A.beguiled B.besmirched C.juxtaposed D.juggled 66 The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a_______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion.A.long B.forever C.lasting D.lively 67 His talent for music remained latent until his wife bought him a guitar.A.hidden B.sophisticated C.delicate D.profound 68 When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his _____ can be distributed.A.paradoxes B.legacies C.platitudes D.analogies 69 Now the public has an unprecedented chance to peer over the shoulders of archaeologists and historians and get a firsthand look at the_____ of the Mongols and their Asian predecessors.A.legacy B.bequest C.converse D.miracle 70 The farmer put up iron fences around the flower______ garden neighbor’s sheep should break in.A.on condition that B.now that C.lest D.but 71 _____ any one should think it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.A.In order that B.Lest C.If D.Providing 72 After the concert, the clean-up crew found the ground______ with papers, bottles and cans.A.scrubbed B.used C.littered D.dispersed 73 I don’t understand why people_____ such a beautiful garden with cans and bottles.A.located B.provided C.protected D.littered 74 Please put your empty cigarette packets and paper bags in the______ bins provided.A.junk B.litter C.scrap D.deposit 75 Laura, who comes from a wealthy family, spends most of her time enjoying herself, but takes _____ pains with her lessons.A.little B.few C.a little D.a few 76 What he told me was a _____ of downright lies.A.load B.mob C.pack D.flock 77 A _____ refers to an animal that is born from its mother’s body, not from an egg, and drinks its mother’s milk as a baby.A.mammoth B.penguin C.mosquito D.mammal 78 He expected the House to pass the bill by a comfortable______.A.maple B.marble C.marsh D.margin 79 The tiger continued to ______ us by walking round and round our tent.A.trap B.transplant C.menace D.provoke 80 A______ of this approach is that the variables are visually presented in a style that can be understood by generalists and specialists alike.A.value B.merit C.factor D.worth 81 Americans are highly_____, and therefore may find it difficult to become deeply involved with others.A.moving B.mobile C.movable D.motional 82 The two psychologists had to modify the American Sign Language somewhat in order to accommodate the chimpanzees’ spontaneous gestures.A.change B.abort C.shorten D.enhance 83 The whole program is well designed, but some details need further _____by some experts.A.proofing B.modifying C.demonstrating D.polishing 84 A scientific law is liable at anytime to need_____, that is an eternal truth.A.modifying B.changing C.revising D.adjusting 85 The integration of staff for training has led to a good exchange of ideas, greater enthusiasm, and higher staff_____.A.moral B.mortal C.morale D.mores 86 Another popular misconception is the _____ that great talent is usually highly specifiC.A.notion B.dilemma C.domain D.analogy 87 On behalf of my company, I am______ to you and your colleagues for your generous help.A.subjected B.inclined C.available D.obliged 88 They were tired, but not any less enthusiastic_____ that account.A.on B.by C.for D.with 89 The Barbie doll comes with a whole range of_______ that you can dress her in.A.outlooks B.outlines C.outskirts D.outfits 90 Such an _____act of hostility can only lead to war.A.overt B.episodic C.ample D.ultimate 91 Furthermore, if I were to leave him, he would______, for he cannot endure to be separated from me for more than one hour.A.prevail B.preside C.perish D.persecute 92 There’s one girl at my school who everybody______ because she doesn’t wear what everybody else wears;they are horrible to her.A.picks out B.picks over C.picks on D.picks off 93 Players will be_____ against four others worldwide in a timed competition to answer trivia questions from the 1950s to present day.A.trifled B.wreathed C.instigated D.pitted 94 The criminal’s _____ for leniency was ignored by the jurors.A.protest B.demand C.plea D.defence 95 When the rent was due, the poor man______ for more time.A.pleaded B.squashed C.exerted D.cursed 96 The couple had been trying to satisfy all the needs of their only youngster, who had been ____ for more pocket money all the time.A.supposing B.pleading C.trailing D.devising 97 He told a story about his sister who was in a sad______ when she was ill and had no money.A.plight B.polarization C.plague D.pigment 98 In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe______ Europe into a great war.A.pitched B.imposed C.inserted D.plunged 99 In 1816, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Northern Europe______ Europe into a bloody war.A.imposed B.plunged C.pitched D.inserted 100 It is not too late, but_____ action is needed.A.right B.urgent C.hurry D.prompt

答案（未必正確，請按自己查找對的理解）: 1-5CADAC.6-10CBDCA.11-15CAAAA.16-20ABCCC.21-25BAAAD.26-30CADCD.31-35AABBD.36-40CBBCD.41-45BCABC.46-50DBBDA.51-55DDBDA.56-60DCBAA.61-65BCDCD.66-70CABAC.71-75BCDBA.76-80ADDCB.81-85BABAC.86-90ADADA.91-95CCDCA.96-100BADBD

第二篇：考博英語詞匯

考博英語詞匯（1）

第一部分 詞匯記憶策略 1．全腦活化

人類左右腦分析比較：

左腦：意識、低速、一般閱讀、知識、知覺、知性、邏輯

右腦：無意識、超高速、速讀、創造力、視覺、聽覺、觸覺、嗅覺、味覺、圖像、色彩、直覺

右腦具備左腦沒有的特殊機能： 1． 超高速大量記憶機制 2． 圖像化機能 3． 超高速演算機能 4． 共振共鳴機能 2．舉例說明：

***0***2131425 3．詞匯記憶策略：聯想法、串聯法、構詞法、近義詞、近形詞、易混淆詞、加減詞、固定搭配

? euthanasia, chrysanthemum ? flower----rose, lily, tulip, peony, carnation, camellia, azalea, narcissus, chrysanthemum, forget-me-not, poinsettia, …

? receive---deceive---conceive(-ceive= take;con-= 共同)? tumble---stumble（tumble…into/through 跌倒；stumble…over / on 腳下拌到東西而跌倒）

? stationary---stationery（文具，如筆pen,鉛筆pencil中含有“e”, 故見到“e”就想起是文具。）

? genius---genuine(含有us的是天才，因為我們是天才啊！另一個就是“真正的”), ? form---deform確（形狀；變形）? attach to

第二部分 實例練習1．聯想法

carnation, narcissus, coroner, chandelier, hippocampus, assassinate, antarctic, armour，abalone, flounder, cult, beau 2．串聯法 network: Internet---cyberspace---email---e-commerce---website---on-line---homepage---browse---retrieve---log on… 3．構詞法

-age（狀態、特性、行為）

page/rage, advantage/disadvantage, message/massage, courage/encourage, voltage/mileage, village/cottage, luggage/carriage, garage coverage, cabbage, shortage, leakage, breakage, passage, postage, bondage（bond 結束、約束、債券；bondage就含有“束縛、奴役”的意思）, damage, garbage（garb 衣服）, manage ,spillage, usage, storage, savage, sausage(sauce), dosage language, image, heritage, engage-ward inward, outward, forward, backward, toward, upward, downward, seaward, skyward,---coward, reward, award，a-(構成作表語用的形容詞；構成動詞。。)apart, aloud, around, away, afar, aboard, across alike, acute, alive, asleep, aware amaze, amend, amuse, arise, ascribe, avail, await, awake, award, abound, abridge, amount affirm, acclaim, accompany, account, arrange, array, arrest, arrow 4．近義詞

Merchants 煤商

Dealers 買進賣出商人 Businessmen（廣義）商人 Tradesmen（英）店主

Scene 特別的景象，如泰山的日出

Scenery一國一地的自然風光

Views特別的景象

Nature 強調大自然的感召力，不著重具體的自然景象

Urgent 緊急

Hasty 草率

Instant 立刻

Prompt 快速；及時

Contend 競爭；斗爭 Compete比賽；競爭 Struggle斗爭

Conflict 斗爭

Hinder Preclude Detain Retard Hamper Protract Postpone Cancel Delay Adjourn

Blame for Condemn for Accuse of Criticize for Announce Publish Advertise Inform

Substitute Selection Preference Alternative

Fraud Deceive Cheat Dupe

Decline Deny Reject Refuse

Reliable Confident Faithful Dependent

Income Wages Salary Pay Buyers Shoppers Customers Clients Particular Peculiar Special Unusual

Preliminary Primary Elementary Fundamental

Perplex Puzzle Confuse

Fatigued Tired Exhausted Bored

Thieves Burglars Robbers Bandits

Synthetic False Imitation Counterfeit Artificial

Mortal Fatal Deadly

Imaginative Imaginable Imagined Imaginary

Reproach Scold Compliment Reprimand

Empty Blank Vacant Bare ．近形詞 fiction fraction friction function

tumble stumble scramble humble tremble resume consume assume presume

resumption consumption assumption presumption bore core pore sore

simplify modify verify rectify

justify testify rectify verify

transcription subscription prescription description

attribute contribute distribute tribute

attitude altitude aptitude

descriptive prescriptive

interference interruption intervention interaction

transaction transmission transformation transition

contact intact

possibility validity reliability security

conceivable perceivable arise rise raise arouse

respectful respectable respected respective

detain attain retain certain contain

room doom boom loom

intense intentional intensive intending intended

assure ensure insure reassure

sometimes some time sometime some times

hatch catch patch match bare rare care dare fare hare

banish vanish diminish admonish

durability flexibility versatility 5 hostility fold include

gold cooperate hold form coordinate mold deform correlate sold inform correspond told transform

conform observe migrant

reserve immigrant contempt conserve immigrate attempt preserve immigration prompt deserve emigrant

emigrate except prior emigration accept superior concept inferior edge percept senior hedge

junior wedge receive

pledge deceive sparrow

conceive swallow deduce perceive hollow reduce

sorrow produce achieve narrow induce believe pillow seduce grieve

relieve bold preclude

cold exclude 自測題：

1.不看講義，試一試你的記憶力。利用聯想法，你能記住多少剛才所學的詞：1．____________________ 2.__________________ 3._________________ 4._____________________ 5.__________________ 6._________________ 7._____________________ 8.__________________ 9._________________ 10.____________________ 11._________________ 12.________________ 2.列出以下單詞的近義詞： 1.income 2.mortal 3.urgent 4.synthetic 5.deceive 6.retard 7.empty 8.confuse

9.buyer 10.contend

3.列出以下單詞的近形詞：

1.tumble 2.description 3.justify 4.attain 5.attribute 6.prior

漢英對照近義詞

Merchants

煤商 Dealers

買進賣出商人 Businessmen（廣義）商人 Tradesmen

（英）店主

Scene

特別的景象，如泰山的日出 Scenery 一國一地的自然風光 Views 特別的景象 Nature 強調大自然的感召力，不著重具體的自然景象

Urgent 緊急 Hasty

草率 Instant 立刻 Prompt 快速；及時

Contend 搏斗；爭奪(compete against sb.in order to gain sth.)

Compete 比賽；競爭(try to be more successful than another person or organization in business)compete with sb.for sth./ compete for office（爭奪公職）/ against Struggle 斗爭(try hard to achieve sth.)struggle against difficulties/ struggle for freedom Conflict

斗爭（兩種觀點、信仰不能同時存在，不能都正確。）a conflict of opinion（分歧）;The two accounts of what had happened conflicted with each other.（關于發生的事情，兩個報道截然不同。）

Hinder: make it difficult for sb.to do sth.Or for sth.to develop High invest rates will hinder economic growth.Preclude:(formal)prevent sth.or make sth.impossible Age alone will not preclude him from standing as a candidate.Detain:(officially)prevent sb.from leaving some place（拘留；扣押）

Delay sb.who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽擱；留住）He was detained by a flat tire on his way home.The police detained the man to make further inquiries.Retard:(formal)to delay the development of sth.or to make sth.happen more slowly than expected.（妨礙；推遲）

Cold weather retards the growth of many plants.Bad roads retard the car（失修的公路阻滯了車速。）

Hamper: restrict sb.movement, activities, achievements by causing difficulties for them.Women's progress in the workplace is still hampered by male's attitudes.Hamper sb.from getting elected.Protract: last a long time, esp.longer than usual Protracted negotiations 曠日持久的談判

Protract one's stay for some weeks 多呆了幾個星期 Postpone: change an event, action to a later time or date Gail and Lisa have decided to postpone having a family for a while.The match had to be postponed.Cancel: arrange that a planned activity or event will not now happen.The football game had been cancelled due to rain.Delay: wait until a later time to do sth.Don't delay claiming or you may lose benefit.Adjourn: finish or stop for a short time The chairman has the power to adjourn the meeting at any time.Blame for

把……歸于 Condemn for 譴責 Accuse sb.of sth.指責 Criticize for

批判

Announce

宣布；通知 Publish

發表；出版 Advertise

為……做廣告 Inform

告知(inform sb.of sth.)

Substitute: sth.new or different that you use instead of sth.else that you used previously.替代品；替補

Substitute teacher 代課教師

Selection: the careful choice of a particular person or thing from among a group of similar people or things.Preference: if you like a preference for sth.you like it more than another thing.Alternative: sth.that you can choose to do or use instead of sth.else

Fraud: a method of illegally getting money from sb., often by using clever and complicated methods.Deceive: make sb.believe sth.that is not true in order to get what you want.Cheat: behave in a dishonest way in order to win or to get an advantage, esp.in competitive, game, exams.Dupe: trick or deceive sb.哄騙；詐騙

Consumers are being duped into buying faulty electronic goods.Decline: refuse to do sth.（比較婉轉，禮貌拒絕邀請）

Deny: She denied working for the enemy = She said she was not working for the enemy(NOT: She refused to work for the enemy.)Reject:拒絕申請，觀點，計劃 Refuse: 拒絕邀請

Turn down 拒絕（口語）

Reliable 可靠的；可信賴的（側重于始終如一。）Confident 有信心的 Faithful 忠實的；可靠的（側重于“忠于……”a reliable person, a faithful fighter

Dependent 從屬的；依靠的Income 總收入 Wages 按周或日付酬 Salary 月薪；年薪 Pay 工資

Buyers 買主

Shoppers 家庭中外出購物的人 Customers 顧客 Clients 委托人

Particular: special enough to mention separately Peculiar: strange, unfamiliar, and a little surprising, esp.in a way that is unpleasant or worrying.Taste peculiar Special: not ordinary but different in some way and often better or more important.a special diet unusual: different from what is usual special---specially or especially specially: used when you do sth.that is different from what you usually do for a particular purpose(with a passive form of a verb: a specially made)especially: to emphasize sth.is more worth mentioning or more important than the other things,(…, especially when…)Preliminary 初步的；開始的（強調開始之前有準備工作）Primary 最初的；→主要的；基本的；→沒有預備 Elementary 初步的；簡單的 Fundamental 基礎的

Perplex（常用被動）困惑；茫然；費解

Make you feel worried and confused because it is difficult to understand.e.g.I was somewhat perplexed by his response.Puzzle: confuse sb.or make them feel slightly anxious because they do not understand sth.e.g.What puzzles me is how the burglar got into the house without setting off the alarm.Confuse（常用被動）

Make sb.feel that they cannot think clearly or do not understand.e.g.Don't give me so much information.---you are confusing me.I was confused.Fatigued: very tired.e.g.fatigued after her long journey, Bill fell into a deep sleep.Tired: feeling that you want tosleep or rest.Exhausted: extremely tired and having no energy.Bored: tired and impatient because you do not think sth.is interesting, or because you have nothing to do.e.g.Children easily get bored.Thieves 小偷；竊賊 Burglars 潛入室內的盜賊 Robbers 強盜；賊

Bandits 土匪；強盜（常出沒在山區、森林）

Synthetic 合成的 False 假的；人造的（強調替代品，與原物不一樣，如假牙，人造瓚石）Imitation 仿造的(Beware of imitation 謹防假冒)Counterfeit 比Imitation 更貶義

Artificial 人造的（強調生產方式，如：人工降雨）

Mortal : causing death or likely to cause death e.g.mortal injures / blow / combat Fatal: resulting in sb's death e.g.fatal accident / illness / injures Deadly : like dead in appearance e.g.His face has a deadly paleness

likely to cause death e.g.deadly person lethal: causing death, or having the power to cause death e.g.a lethal dose of a drug

Imaginative: new and interesting idea used in a clever way;good at thingking of new, interesting ideas and at forming pictures in one's mind

e.g.imaginative writer;imaginative child Imaginable: emphasize that sth.is the best, worst example of sth.that it is possible to imagine All, every, only Imagined: forming a picture or idea in your mind about what sth.could be like.Imaginary: not really, but produced from pictures or ideas in your mind.e.g.all the characters in this book are imaginary.Reproach: ~sb.for /with sth.~ for doing sth.blame or criticize someone in a way that shows you are disappointed, but not angry e.g.Jake reproached her bitterly for abandoning him.Scold: angrily criticize someone, esp.a child, about sth.that have done.Compliment: ~ sb.on sth.Say sth.nice to sb.in order to praise him Reprimand: ~ sb.for sth.tell sb.officially that sth.they have done is very wrong.Rebuke: speak to sb.severely, about sth.they have done wrong.[ ~ sb.for V-ing] Chide:(literary)to speak angrily to sb.because you do not approve of sth.they have done.Compliment Complement : show up the good qualities in sb.or sth.or make them seem more attractive.Empty: having nothing inside;not having people inside;not being used e.g.an empty table in the corner [ empty nest: the situation that parents are in when all their children have left home] Blank: without any writing, print, or recorded sound;showing no understanding;e.g.go blank: suddenly unable to remember sth.for TV;stop showing any images Vacant: vacant seat, room → empty and available for sb.to use Vacant job, position → empty and available for sb.to start with Bare: empty, not covered by anything or not having any decoration;not covered by clothes, by trees or grass Deceived 欺騙 Deserted 遺棄 Desperated 絕望 Disappointed 失望

近形詞

fiction 小說 fraction 一部分 friction 摩擦

function 功能；職責

tumble 跌倒 stumble 拌倒

scramble 攀登；爭奪 humble 謙虛；羞辱 tremble 顫抖；擔心

resume 中斷后重新開始 consume 消耗

assume 假定；假設；采用(think that sth.is true although you have no proof of it.E.g.~ responsibilities / power: start to do a job esp.an important one)

presume 推測；冒昧(think you can be sure of sth.because it is likely, although there is no proof.E.g.~ sb./ sth.to be sth./ be ~ed to do sth./ ~ to do sth.resumption 恢復 consumption 消費 assumption 假定；臆斷；傲慢(the assumption of responsibilities: the act of starting to have control or power)(His air of assumption made him disliked.)presumption 傲慢；推測；假定(disrespectful or impolite behavior that shows you are too confident)

bore

V.鉆孔

n.孔 core

v.使厭煩 n.令人討厭的事 pore

v.注視 n.毛孔

a.多孔的 sore

a.疼痛的n.痛處；潰瘍

simplify 簡化 modify 更改

對某物作稍微修改使其完善 verify 證實

rectify 糾正；把不滿意的狀況變成合乎人們所期待的狀況

justify 證明……是有道理的 testify 證明

rectify 糾正；把不滿意的狀況變成合乎人們所期待的狀況 verify 證實 transcription: 抄寫；翻譯；副本 subscription：

捐贈；訂閱；認購； prescription 藥方；指令 description： 描述；描繪

attribute

把……歸因于（to）contribute 捐贈；投稿

contribute… to 有助于 distribute 分發；分配 tribute

貢品；勒索的錢財；頌詞

attitude 態度 altitude 高度 aptitude 天資；傾向 latitude 緯度 multitude 人群（a multitude of …許多）

descriptive 說明的 prescriptive 規范的；約定俗成的

interference 干預（強調妨礙）interruption 打斷 intervention 介于；在中間起作用 interaction 相互作用

transaction 辦理；交易；學報；相反作用 transmission 傳送；傳播；發送 transformation 轉換；改革 transition 變遷；過渡時期

contact 接觸；交往；有影響的熟人（tact 圓滑，乖巧，外交手腕）intact

完整無缺的

possibility 可能性 validity 有效性；正確性 reliability 可靠性 security 保障；安全感

conceivable 可想象的；可相信的 able to be belileved or imagined.E.g.every conceivable means perceivable 可感知的；可認識的

arise: begin to happen(problem, difficulty)e.g.arise from= caused by rise: increase, go upwards, rise, become successful raise: e.g.raise a question;waise your voice arouse: make you become interesting, expect sth.;make sb.angry, afraid;wake sb.When things and prices move upwards on their own, they rise.People or government raise / increase the price.E.g.The government is raising the tax.Respectful 尊重別人的；有禮貌的 Respectable 值得人們尊重的；正派的 Respected 受到人們尊重的 Respective 各自的；各個的

detain:(officially)prevent sb.from leaving some place（拘留；扣押）

Delay sb.who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽擱；留住）

Attain: succeed in reaching a particular level or in getting sth.after trying for a long time.Retain: keep sb.or continue to have sth.e.g.retain a sense of dignity Certain: 一定 Contain: 容納

Room

房間 Doom 厄運；毀滅；定罪 Boom 高潮，迅速發展 Loom 織布機

Intense 強烈的

Intentional 有意的；故意的 Intensive 精細的；強化的 Intending 打算；意欲 intended

assure : tell sb.that sth.with definitely happen.e.g.~sb.that …

be ~ed of: feel certain that sth.will happen ensure: make sure that it does happen(AmE.Insure)e.g.Please ensure that the lights are switched off before leaving the building.Assure can be used in this meaning, but it mainly used in : success, safety.E.g.The band's latest release has assured their success in the rock world.insure: against sth.bad happening to it by paying money to an insurance company.reassure: tell sb.that there is nothing to worry about.e.g.The doctor reassured me that there would be no pain.sometimes 有時 some time 一些時間 sometime 曾經；有朝一日 some times 幾次

hatch 孵化 catch 捉 patch 縫補 match 匹配

bare 赤裸裸的；沒有陳設的（揭露）rare 稀薄的；稀少的；煎的 care 小心；關心 dare 敢于 fare 車船費；乘客；伙食 hare 野兔

banish 禁止出入；驅逐出境；清除；消除（疾病）vanish 突然不見； 逐漸消失 diminish 減少；貶低

admonish 警告；告誡；忠告

durability 耐用性 flexibility 變通性；靈活性 versatility 多才多藝；多功能 hostility 敵意；敵視

co-col-com-con-cor-with(共同)cooperate 合作 coordinate 協調 correlate 相關 correspond 相符合

collaborate 協作（與cooperate 同，但多用于科學和藝術）

observe 觀察

reserve 保留座位 conserve 保護；節省 preserve 保留 deserve 值得

prior 首先的 superior 優先的

inferior 次要的 senior 高級的 junior 初級的 exterior 外部的 interior 內部的

sparrow 麻雀 swallow 燕子 hollow 空的 sorrow 悲傷 narrow 窄的 pillow 枕頭 arrow 箭

bold 勇敢的 cold 冷的 fold 折疊；褶 gold 金 hold 握 mold 模式 sold 賣出 told 告訴

migrant

移居者 immigrant 入境移民 immigrate 作為移民定居 immigration 移居；（總稱）外來移民emigrant

出境移民 emigrate

移居外國 emigration 遷移出境；（總稱）移民edge 邊沿

hedge 矮樹籬笆；障礙物

wedge

鍥子；鍥形物；事情的起因 pledge 誓言；典押；保人

deduce 推斷；演繹 reduce 減少 produce 生產

induce 引誘；引起；導致；歸納 seduce 唆使；引入歧途

preclude 排除；杜絕；阻止 exclude 除外

include 包括

form 形式 deform 變形 inform 通知 transform 轉變 conform 一致

contempt 輕視 attempt 企圖 prompt 促使；推動；激起

敏捷的

except 除…… accept 接受 concept 概念 percept 感知；認知

receive 收到 deceive 欺騙 conceive 含有 perceive 知覺；意識到；把……看作……

(perceive … as … / take … as … / regard … as … / see … as …)achieve 獲得 believe 相信

grieve 悲痛 relieve 放松

lilac n.淺紫色

antique violet n.古紫色 pansy n.紫羅蘭色 white n.白色

off-white n.灰白色 ivory n.象牙色

snowy white n.雪白色 oyster white n.乳白色 gray n.灰色

charcoal gray n.炭灰色 smoky gray n.煙灰色 misty gray n.霧灰色

第三篇：考博英語詞匯解答技巧

考博英語詞匯解答技巧

一、動 詞

動詞及短語動詞是博士生入學英語考試詞匯部分的一個重要測試項目。該項目對考生的測試點包括：1)動詞的認知能力和辨別能力；2)動詞用法的掌握程度；3)動詞搭配關系的熟練程度。據初步統計在碩士研究生入學考試5500個詞匯中，大約有五分之一是動詞及動詞詞組。因此，掌握好這批詞匯直接關系到能否通過博士生入學英語詞匯部分的考試。

在動詞部分中，考生首先應該具備較好的認知能力，即遇見一個動詞后，能夠較快地確定它的前兩個或前三個詞義。如：evolve v.，第一個詞義是“使發展”，第二個詞義是“使進化”，第三個詞義是“推論”。在考試中，檢查考生這一能力的題是比較多的；考生應該能夠根據上下文確定動詞的有關詞義。在具備認知能力的基礎上，考生還需掌握這些詞匯的基本用法。如：forbid v.后面不能用to smoke，只能用動詞+ing的形式，即smoking；Occur v.(發生)，只能用于主動語態，不能以被動的形式出現。最后，還要熟悉動詞的基本搭配關系。如：concentrate和associate兩個動詞，其后面的介詞一般只能是on和with。以下是按照上面三種情況出現的詞匯題：

1.The diplomatic relations between the two countries have ____.A.ticked away B.gone out C.broken off D.rung up 2.The Constitution also provides that the organ of state must practice democratic centralism.A.supplies B.specifies C.presents D.withhold 3.As a result, they had to ___ answering their letter by three days.A.decide B.refrain C.surpass D.delay 第一句表示“外交關系終止”需用動詞詞組“break off“。

第二句中的 ”provide"，第一個詞義是“提供”或“供應”，第二個詞義是“規定”。四個選擇項中，“specify” 含有“規定”的意思，因此B是正確答案。第三句中只有“delay”一詞的后面可以采用動名詞，所以應該選擇D。

考生在平時復習時，可以有意識地按照以上三點記憶動詞和短語動詞。在準備動詞詞匯部分時，考生還需注意以下幾點。

1.不規則動詞的詞形變化: 有一定數量的動詞，其過去式和過去分詞與原形不同。這部分詞匯在測試中起到較強的干擾作用。在5500詞匯中類似動詞較多，以下僅舉部分例子：

動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 bear忍受 bore borne，born bend彎曲 bent bent bid 表示 bade, bid bidden bid breed 繁殖 bred bred abide 遵守abode，abided abode，abided arise 升起 arose arisen awake喚醒 awoke woke, awaken fling 扔，拋 flung flung forbid禁止 forbade, forbad forbidden freeze 結冰 froze frozen shred 撕碎shredded, shred shredded，shred cast 投，擲 cast cast creep 爬 crept crept dwell 留居dwelt, dwelled dwelt, dwelled 2.動詞詞形相近，詞義不同: 有些動詞在詞形上相似，但其詞義是不同的。考生在平時復習時，需注意對它們的辨別。例： compliment vt.贊美

He is complimented for his fine work.complement vt.補充

They need to complement the factory with more workers.adapt vt.使適應 We have to adapt our thinking to the new circumstances.adopt vt.采用

They have adopted close planting.類似的動詞還有：

inquire vt.打聽，詢問 require vt.要求，命令 compel vt.強迫，迫使屈從 impel vt.促成，推動 compress vt.擠壓 comprise vt.包括 confirm v.證實 conform v.符合 affect vt.影響 effect vt.產生，引起 award vt.授予！給予 reward vt.獎賞，報答 ensure vt.保證，擔保 insure vt.給??保險 rescue vt.援救，營救 secure vt.保護，使??安全 extinguish vt.熄滅 distinguish vt.區別，辨別 wander vt.漫游 wonder vt.驚嘆

contract vt.締結，訂約 contact vt.使接觸 respect vt.尊重 suspect vt.猜想 類似的形近義不同的動詞還有一些，注意了它們之間的詞義差別，也有利于我們對這些動詞的記憶與辨認。

3.動詞詞義相近，用法不同 consist vt.一般用于主動態

This class consists of forty students.compose vt.常用于被動語

This country is composed of ten nations.insist v.后面需用介詞on。

He insisted on going to the hospital tomorrow.persist v.后面需用介詞in。

He persisted in working on this experiment.arrive vi.后面需采用at, in, on等介詞。He arrived in Bejing yesterday.reach vt.及物動詞，直接跟賓語 They reached the village yesterday.4.動詞后需用動名詞: 有一批動詞的后面只能使用動名詞。在詞匯考試部分中,有時要求考生能夠正確判斷動詞的這一用法。這類常見動詞有：

anticipate avoid delay envy escape miss mind risk band enjoy complete imagine consider deny practice acknowledge appreciate favor facilitate postpone quit resent resume include favor deny 例：He will consider giving us a chance to do the experiment.resume permit 5.動詞后需用不定式: 英語動詞中，還有一些動詞的后面只能使用不定式。這類常見動詞有： claim arrange demand determine expect intend pretend promise afford refuse decide seek agree care learn manage presume desire consent prepare resolve undertake consented decided 例：She refused to offer her help.agreed intended 6.動詞后可用動名詞或不定式: 還有一些動詞的后面即可以使用動名詞，也可以使用不定式。常見這類動詞有: continue dislike prefer begin like propose remember deserve regret intend neglect attempt forget 7.動詞固定搭配: 動詞的固定搭配是英語測試中的一個很重要的項目。動詞的搭配關系主要反映在動詞與介詞、動詞與名詞的關系上。下面分組做一簡單的介紹： 1)動詞與介詞的搭配: call for 要求,需要 call off取消，放棄 carry off 奪取,奪去 come by得到，獲得 come up to達到,符合cut down削減,降低 break down損害,分解 break off終止,中斷 break out逃出,爆發 break through突破，突圍 bring about 產生,引起 bring forward 提出，提議 drop off 減弱, 減少 drop out退出, 離隊

get over克服 give away泄漏 get across使人了解 get at夠得著 2)動詞與名詞的搭配

arrive at a conclusion 得出結論 take in to consideration考慮到 commit a crime 犯罪 make a decision 決定

reach an agreement達成協議 break one's promise 違約 take action 采取行動 keep balance 保持平衡

catch one's breath 喘氣 accept a challenge 應戰 take a risk 承擔風險 keep sb.company 陪伴某人 keep one's head 保持鎮定 lose heart 失去勇氣 take shape 成型，形成 resist temptation 抵制誘惑 3)動詞與名詞和介詞的搭配 have control over 對??控制 attach importance to 重視

hold an inquiry into sth.某事進行調查 gain an advantage over 勝過，優于 make the acquaintance of sb.結識某人 make an apology to sb.向某人道歉 make comments on sth.評論某事 lose contact with 與??失去聯系 express sympathy for 對某人表示慰問

二.名詞(一)名詞的特點

英語和其他語種一樣，其名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞以及連詞都有各自不同的特點。在學習名詞時，應注意名詞的一些特點。奉節著重談一下名詞的構成和名詞的復數。1.名詞的構成

(1)除了英語本族語及少量外來語等拼寫簡單的名詞外，名詞多數是由希臘及拉丁詞根加上前綴、后綴構成。大量的名詞后綴是表示性質、狀態和行為的。如：-ance importance(重要性)-ence independence(獨立)-ion selection(選擇)-ition addition(增加)-sion conclusion(結論)-ation hydration(水化)-ity productivity(生產力)-ment movement(運動)-ship hardship(艱難)-ness weariness(厭倦)-y difficulty(困難)表示“??人”、“??者”的后綴，除了-er、-or、-ar、-ee、-eer、-ese、-ess等大家熟悉的以外，還有：-ian musician(音樂家)-ain captain(船長)-ant occupant(居住者)-ent dependent(依賴他人者)-ary secretary(書記，秘書)-yer lawyer(律師)sawyer(鋸木工)-ate candidate(候選人)-al rival(對手)-ist socialist(社會主義者)-icist physicist(物理學家)表示地點、處所的有：-age orphanage(孤兒院)-ium auditorium(禮堂)-ary granary(谷倉)-ery surgery(手術室)-ory laboratory(實驗室)表示科技學科名稱及觀測試驗方法或技術的有：-graphy seismography(地震測量法)-ic logic(邏輯學)-ics electronics(電子學)-logy zoology(動物學)在認知名詞時，也切忌望文生義。如下列單詞，似乎不是名詞，但它們確實是名詞。請寫出它們的詞義：

1.wireless___ 2.captive___ 2.coefficient ___ 4.graduate ___ 5.alternative____ 6.exclusive____ 7.combustible____ 8.functionary ____(2)有些名詞是由其他詞類轉換而來。如由形容詞轉來的the old(老年人)，the wounded(受傷者，傷員)，the sick(病人)；由短語動詞come out轉來的outcome(結果)，cry out轉來的outcry(強烈反對)，還有well－being(福利)，等等。2.詞的復數

改-y為-i+-es，在-o后加-es或-s，改-f為-v+-es，大家都已熟知。研究生英語 大綱及有關詞匯表所列名詞中有一些大家不太熟悉的名詞復數形式。現介紹如下：(1)以-f結尾的名詞，構成復數時只加-s，如：

cliffs(懸崖)griefs(憂愁)gulfs(海灣)proofs(證據)有些以-f結尾的名詞可有兩種復數形式。如： dwarf-dwarfs／dwarves(侏儒)hoof-hoofs／hooves(蹄)handkerchief--handkerchiefs／handkerchieves(手帕)(2)源自拉丁語、希臘語及法語的一部分外來詞的復數形式仍然保留不變。1)來自拉丁語的： stratum／strata(地層)larva／larvae(昆蟲的幼蟲)stimulus／stimuli(刺激)bacterium／bacteria(細菌)2)來自希臘語的：

analysis／analyses(分析)hypothesis／hypotheses(假設)synopsis／synopses(概要, 大意)thesis／theses(論文，論題)criterion／criteria(標準)phenomenon／phenomena(現象)(3)一些外來詞兼有原有復數形式和英語規則復數形式。外來詞 原有復數 英語規則復數

nucleus(拉)nuclei nucleuses(原子核)syllabus(拉)syllabi syllabuses(大綱, 課程表)medium(拉)media mediums(媒體)symposium(拉)symposia symposiums(座談會)appendix(拉)appendices appendixes(附錄，盲腸)plateau(法)plateaux plateaus(高地)(4)復合名詞的復數形式。

1).daughter-in-law----daughters-in-law)2).looker-on--lookers-on(旁觀者)3).man-servant--menservants(男仆)4).air-raid--air-raids(空襲)stand-by-stand-bys(可依靠的人或物)(5)一些名詞的單復數意義不同。kindness(善意)---kindnesses(善行)anxiety(焦慮)----anxieties(令人憂慮之事)security(安全)----securities(證券，債券)(6)有些名詞的復數形式兼有單數形式的意義和新的意義。colour顏色 colours顏色／軍旗 letter字母;信

letters字母;信／文學,學問 manner方式，方法 manners方式，方法／禮貌 pain痛 pains痛／努力 scale鱗；尺度 scales鱗；尺度／磅秤(二)同義詞學習

我們在學習名詞時碰到的問題主要是認知方面的。準確地掌握名詞所表示的概念的外延和內涵是學會正確使用名詞的基礎。學習同義詞是幫助我們更好地認知、理解、掌握名詞的方法之一。學習同義詞時要注意不能從中文釋義出發，而應仔細研究英文原文定義及注釋，搞清名詞所表示的概念的內涵和外延。例如：

The reproductive potentialities of aphides are unmatched in the insect world.A.1atent capacity B.power C.strength D.mentality potentialities，latent capacity，power，strength和mentality這些詞都有“力”這個 概念的內涵，相當于邏輯上講的“各個種概念都具有屬概念的內涵”。但這些詞又有各自特有的內涵，這些內涵又屬于“力”的不同外延。potentiality：power or quality which is potential，and needs development，指潛能，潛力；與latent capacity“隱藏的能力”一致。power：1)ability to do or act指行動的能力;2)faculty of the body or mind指精力，體力，智力；3)strength or force指力，力氣；4)energy or force that can be used to work指動力，機力；5)right，control，authority指權，權力，勢力。Strength: 1)quality of being strong指力量、強度；2)power measured by numbers of persons present or persons who can be used指實力，兵力或人數。mentality：general intellectual character；degree of intellectual power指精神力，智力。

在于解了上述各詞的共同點(即“屬概念”的內涵)，又明白了它們各自的特有屬性(即“種概念”的內涵)后，區別它們也就不難了：potentiality和latent capacity的內涵一樣，是同義詞；power是最基本的“行動能力”，又具有“力”的不同外延如精力、體力、智力、動力、機力、權力、勢力；strength除了具有“力”的不同外延如實力、兵力外，則強調力量的“quality'’；mentality則主要指智力及其 “degree”。

此外，表示“環境”的名詞也有好幾個。settings具體指舞臺背景，故事發生地點，背景音樂等。它和environment在此時是一個意思，即外部環境。circumstance的單、復數都是指外部的環境，相關的人或事，有影響力的人或事。condition的復數表示環境、情形等外部狀況，和circumstances同義。surrounding的單、復數也是指周圍事物，即“環境”。但要表示舞臺背景，故事背景，背景音樂等意思，還是得用“setting(s)”。總之，學習同義詞時要多研讀英文釋義，認真體會，才能獲得真經。

三、形容詞

形容詞是博士入學英浯考試詞匯部分的一個重要測試項目。因為形容詞是英語三大實詞之一，是英語語言文字中意義較豐富、用法較積極的一部分。該項目的測試點包括：1)形容詞的認知能力和辨別能力；2)詞形及詞義相近的形容詞的區分；3)形容詞和介詞的搭配。在國家頒布的碩士生和博士生英語教學大綱附錄的詞匯表中有相當比例的形容詞及與其緊密相關的副詞，在各種研究生入學考試和模擬考試中也涉及為數不少的形容詞。掌握好形容詞有助于考生考試時答題順利，也為全面掌握英語這門語言打下基礎。考生平時學習中應注意積累大量詞匯，每學一個單詞要知道它的詞性、主要詞義及其與介詞的搭配。認知能力和辨別能力是基礎、就是說，見到一組形容詞首先要清楚它們的基本含義和用法；其次是辨別這組形容詞詞義和用法的不同；再次是把這些詞義和用法與句子具體的語境結合起來，最后就可確定題目的正確答案。此類題目出現頻率較高。例如：

1.TV sets are rapidly becoming accessible to the people in the remote areas.A.doubtful B.obtainable C.imaginary D.negligible 2.All the off-shore explorers were in good mood when they read ____ letters from their family.A.affectionate B.intimate C.passionate D.considerate 3.All the girls seem to be ____ of her beauty and intelligence.A.envious B.indifferent C.distinct D.enthusiastic 例句1題干中 “accessible”詞義為“可以接近的，可以弄到的”，選項中doubtful為“持懷疑態度的”；obtainable“可以獲得的”；imaginary“想象中的”。答案顯然是B。例句2中的四個選項的拼寫有些類似。根據語境和閱讀，我們可以確定句子需要一個含有“充滿感情的”含義的詞，affectionate便是答案了。例句3中只有envious(嫉妒的，羨幕的)和介詞of搭配。

考生在考前復習時要注意下面幾個方面的問題，它們極易成為出題的重點：

1.注意詞形相近的形容詞。如：conspicuous，miraculous，meticulous，incredulous，2.注意積累大量的同義詞和反義詞。如wonderful的同義詞有：marvelous, excellent，extraordinary，remarkable，miraculous，prodigious等。如generous的反義詞有：miserly，mean，stingy，selfish等。

3.注意把形容詞的學習和動詞的學習結合起來。如：indicate-indicative；receive--receptive；inquire-inquisitive等。

4.注意把形容詞的學習和名詞結合起。如：defect-defective，intention-intentional等。

5.注意以-1y結尾的單詞的詞性。名詞加-1y多構成形容詞。如：heavenly，womanly，worldly等。

6.注意有的單詞在拼寫不變的情況下既是名詞，又是形容詞。如：choice goods上等品；quality apple優等蘋果；minute particles微小的顆粒。7.注意有些不規則形容詞的比較級和最高級的變化形式。如：

原級 比較級 最高級 good better best bad worse worst little less(1esser)least far farther(further)farthest(furthest)考生在復習當中要注意學會用歸納法和聯想法記憶單詞。下面舉幾個形容詞和介詞搭配的例子。

1.與介詞搭配的形容詞：

guilty, jealous, envious, ignorant, hopeful, aware, conscious, considerate, thoughtful, desirous, short, irrespective, exclusive, independent, tolerant, worthy, capable, sure, certain, confident, critical, characteristic, suspicious, dubious, wary 等等 2.與介詞 to 搭配的形容詞: accessible, available, accustomed, adjacent, advantageous, beneficial, alert, alien, agreeable, comparative, attentive, awake, pertinent, relevant, subject, susceptible, contrary 等等 3.與介詞 with 搭配的形容詞: consistent, compatible, identical, popular, satisfied等等

扼要介紹以上內容，希望起到拋磚引玉的作用。英語考試大綱中沒有明確規定哪些詞匯和短語需要熟練掌握，哪些只需要認識。因此，考生要盡可能多地熟練掌握考試大綱所涉及的詞匯和詞組。

四、副 詞

副詞也是博士生入學英語考試中的一個重要項目。在這部分詞類中，要求考生能夠正確地識別副詞的形式以及詞義。在這一章中，我們將介紹副詞的分類、用法、構成及特點，幫助考生熟悉考試的形式。(一)副詞的分類

副詞按其詞義和作用可分為下列幾類：

1.時間副詞，如：yesterday，tomorrow，today，last，ago，recently，immediately，nowadays，still，just等。

2.頻率副詞，如：never, sometimes, often, usually, hardly, seldom，always, frequently等。

3.地點、方向副詞，如：here，there，outside，west，left，straight，over，on, in, out，off, somewhere，anywhere，up，down，over，away等。

4.方式副詞，如：awkwardly，largely，neatly，quickly，well，together，slowly，fast等。

5.強調副詞，如：very，quite，too，more，extremely，so，pretty，terribly，wholly，almost，entirely，even，only等。

6.疑問、連接副詞，如：when，where，why，how，whenever，however，wherever等。(二)副詞的用法

1.修飾動詞: The girl threw the ball quickly.2.修飾形容詞: The job is too hard to him.3.修飾其他副詞: He drives rather fast.4.修飾小品詞: They let her well behind.5.修飾不定代詞和數詞：

Nearly everybody came to out party.7.修飾名詞：Life here is full of Joy.9.修飾全句：

Ordinarily we eat breakfast at seven.(三)副詞的構成

1.大多數副詞是由形容詞加后綴-ly 構成的。如：politely，sadly；當形容詞以-y結尾時。在加-1y之前，先變-y為-i：heavily，busily；以-1e結尾時去-e加-y即可： simply，ably；以-ll結尾時，只需加-y: dully，shrilly；以-ic結尾時，則在-ic之后加-ally: economically，basically等。

2.由名詞加-ly構成的副詞，如：weekly，monthly，yearly。3.由數詞加-1y構成的副詞，如：firstly。4.由不定代詞加-1y構成的副詞，如：mostly。5.由介詞加-ly構成的副詞，如：overly。

6.由短語加-1y構成的副詞, 如: matter-of-factly。7.由各種詞類加前綴-a或后綴-fashion，-ways，-style構成的副詞，如：alike，round，aloud，sideways，cowboy-style等。

8.有些副詞由介詞或地點名詞加后綴-ward(s)構成，意義是“向?”。如: backward(s)，downward(s)，forward(s)，northward(s)，onward(s)，upward(s)等。

9.另外，有些副詞是由名詞加后綴-wise構成，表示方向、位置、狀態、樣子等，如：clockwise，crabwise，lengthwise等。

四、與形容詞同形的副詞

有些形容詞與副詞同形，但有著不同的句法功能。如： We had an early breakfast.We had breakfast early.early在第一句中是形容詞，做定語；在第二句中是副詞，做狀語。有些表示時間的如：daily，weekly，quarterly，monthly，yearly也能做如此用法。(五)兼有兩種形式的副詞

有些副詞有兩種形式：一是與形容詞同形，二是由該形容詞加-1y構成。這兩種不同的形式，有些含義相同，有些略有不同，有些完全不同。如： 1.close做“近”解：

He lives close to the school.He was following close behind.做其他解釋時用closely： Watch what I do closely.The prisons were closely guarded..2.dead做“突然地, 完全地”解： She stopped dead.在非正式用語中作“完全地”“直接地”解： He was dead tired.The wind was dead against us.deadly做“死一般地”或“非常”解，例如：deadly pale，deadly serious，deadly dull等。3.direct做“直線地”“不繞圈子地”解： The train goes there direct.The next flight doesn’t go direct to Rome;it goes by way of Paris.做“直接地”(即“間接地”的反義詞)解時用directly： He was looking directly at us.She answered me very directly and openly.directly也可以做“立即”或“馬上”解： Answer me directly.Let's meet directly after lunch.有些詞，如：above，in, on，around，away，off等，在與動詞搭配時，其后面沒有賓語，這些詞是做副詞。請看以下例句： They looked around.Let’s go on with the work.上面兩句中的around和on都是副詞。(六)副詞的詞序

1.副詞修飾形容詞、副詞時，通常放在被修飾詞的前面。The building is very high.He came long before the appointed time.2.副詞修飾動詞。

不及物動詞+副詞：She speaks well.及物動詞+受詞+副詞：She speaks English well.3.地點副詞和時間副詞可置于句首或句末，放在句首時語氣較強。I was born in Zhejiang in 1963.4.頻度副詞的位置。

在一般動詞前：They always say so.有be動詞時，在be動詞后： I am always busy.有助動詞時，在助動詞和本動詞之間：This job will never be finished.5.兩個以上的副詞詞序。單位較小者+單位較大者：

The school is situated at the fifth street, Beijing, China.6.兩個以上不種類的副詞詞序。地點+狀態+次數+時間：

She arrived there safely the other day.程度十狀態+地點十時間：

They played fairly well there yesterday.五、介 詞

介詞是英語中最活躍的詞類之一。一些常用介詞的搭配能力非常強，可用來表示各種不同的意思，大部分的習慣用語都是由介詞和其他詞構成的，所以介詞出現在英語測試的各個項目中。對介詞的測試點主要包括：1)一些主要介詞的基本意思的掌握程度；2)介詞與其他詞特別是動詞、形容詞和名詞的搭配的掌握程度。所以在準備介詞詞匯時，考生應該注意以下幾點：

1.介詞在句子中不能獨立充當一個成分，而是需要和一個名詞或相當于名詞的結構一起構成介詞短語，從而在句子中充當一個成分。能和介詞一起構成介詞短語的有： 1)名詞。如：

The car crashed into the train, and two men in it were killed on the spot.2)代詞。如：

“What does your car look like?” “That is similar in shape with yours.” 3)動名詞(短語)。如：

The prosecutor accused the man of smuggling.4)由連接代(副)詞引起的從句或不定式短語。如： I am preparing for what to say in the interview.2.關于介詞和動詞的搭配，考生應該注意：

1)在什么動詞后需要跟什么介詞，如：rely on依靠，指望；consult with和?商議；remark on就??發表看法，評論。2)同一個動詞在什么情況下跟不同的介詞，如：match to使和??相等／match up調諧，相配；使互相吻合／match up to跟上??的水平(形勢等)；gear to使合適／gear up促進，增加。

3.不同的形容詞后有時需跟特定的介詞，如：be strict with 對?嚴格； be sick for 思念；be loyal to忠于。

4.不同的名詞后也常常需跟不同的介詞。如：confidence in對?的信心；satisfaction with對??滿意；loyalty to對??的忠誠。

5.介詞還可以和名詞構成成語。如：for instance例如；in proportion成比例，按正確比例，按本來大小(看事物)，客觀地；in general通常，大體上，一般而言。

六.連 詞

連詞是一種虛詞，不能獨立擔任句子成分，只起連接詞與詞、短語與短語以及句子與句子的作用。連詞一般分為并列連詞(連接平行的詞、詞組或分句)和從屬連詞(用來引起分句)。除了連詞外，許多連接代詞、連接副詞、關系代詞和關系副詞都可以用來引起一個從句。還有一些副詞，如anyway，therefore，also，still等也有類似的作用。另外，有些詞組，如: on the other hand，for that reason等也可以幫助前后文更加連貫。考生在準備連詞時應注意以下幾個問題。

1.連接兩個分句，一個連詞就夠了。容易出錯的典型例子是： Although he was tired, but he went to work.Because she liked him, so she went out with him.在上面所提到的兩個例子中，我們可以選用although或but，because或so，不能 同時使用兩個連詞。但是連接三個分句時，可以用兩個連詞。如：

Although he was tired, he went to work, but he didn't stay there long.類似的錯誤還有把that和where，how或whether連在一起用。如： I asked him that how he was working.l wondered that where he lived.2.關系代詞who，whom和which的一個特殊用法是可以連接分句。所以它們既是代詞，又是連詞。容易出錯的典型例子是： He never listens to the advice which I give it to her.在該句中it是多余的，which連接兩個分句，同時又代替it而成為第二個分句的賓語。3.That經常用來代替which和who，但是不常用that來代替where和when。容易 出錯的典型例子是: The house that she lives is very small.正確的句子應該是：

The house where she lives is very small.The house that she lives in is very small.4.連詞不能單獨和一個分句連用。連接詞要連接兩個分句，而這兩個分句一般要 寫成一句話，即不能寫成中間用句號隔開的兩個獨立的句子。容易出錯的典型例子是： When I came back home.It was late.正確的句子應該是：

When I came back home it was late.

第四篇：浙江大學考博英語詞匯部分

浙江大學考博英語詞匯部分（全）

發布: 2008-5-13 14:54 | 作者: 陸向武 | 來源: kaobo.cn | 查看: 829次

1.Hoping that he might be able to _____the problem,I asked Manio to look at the engine.A.shed light on

B.make light of C.bring light to

D.set light to

2.His_____ and unwillingless to learn from others prevent him from being an effective member of the team.A.arrogance B.dignity C.humility D.solitude 3.The economy grew at its fastest rate since 1980 thanks to a(n)______in world trade.A.inflation B.stimulus C.bulge D.boom

4.He decided he was going to take______ for the murder of his sister

A.refuge B.testify C.certify D.allege

5.No one expected him to ____against his former employer.A.dedare B.testify C.certify D.allege 6.Rachel was the_____choice for the job thanks to her communication skills

A.unanimous B.genuine C.harmnious D.agreeable

7.The police detective put together the pieces of evidence to form on ____ account.A.senstive B.genuine C.expressive D.coherent

8.You should have your eyes examined_____to be sure of your eyesight.A.periodically B.persistently C.continuously D.continually

9.You should treat those remarks with the ___ that they deserve don’t give them a second thought.A.negative B.disgrace C.contempt D.sarcasm The book is a rain attempt to ____ the name of one of the worst dictators in modern history.A.worship B.glorify C.adore D.cherish The government is seeking to ___ itself from the latest financial.A.detach B.extract C.derive D.ease Heavy rainful in the south of England means that flooding is____ A.imminent B.momentous C.transient D.prospective He____ his assistant to pick up the plans from the office.A.dispose B.dispensed C.dispatched D.dispersed I didn't ignore her_____ just didn't recognize her.A.attentively B.intensively C.intentionally D.intensely You will only be allowed to leave early in_____ circumstances

A.exceptional B.concidental C.peculiar D.imperative

參考答案：A A D B B A D A A B B A C C A

浙江大學考博英語04年春詞匯題

1.It is important to keep the factory working at ____ efficiency all the time.A optimistic B optimum C optical D optional

2.We need to take steps to counter the _____ decline in our export market.A lingering B chronic C lengthy D abiding

3.Her handwriting is so bad that it is barely____

A legible B intelligible C distinctive D conceivable

4.We are going to____ what were learned so for by doing some revision exercise today.A consolidate B reinforce C affirm D conform

5.Kerin made one last____attempt to persuade Sandra to go with him and then left

A considerable B trival C futile D resultant 6.The school agree to ___ their decision until they had spoken to his parents.A convert B retain C deter D expel

7.Repullican Party member were confidently ____ victory even as the first few votes come in

A acclaining B reclaining C exclaining D proclaiming 8.The___between the two sets of figures suggests that someone had been stealing money from the bank

A discrepancy B conflict C contrast D divergence

9.The idea that a good night sleep will cure everything is a complete _____

A defect B fallacy C fraud D abuse Before a bill can become law it has to have the full ____ of both Houses of Parliament.A justification B warrant C endorsement D verification 11 The image is ____ by a series of lenses within the telescope A maginfied B signified C extended D expanded Strangely enough the most obvious explanation did not ___ Juckie until the next day

A stumble on B occur to C come up with D stand up to The government wants a 3% inflation rate,but is this a ___ objective?

A reflective B flexible C feeble D feasible She has still ___ by what happened in Bancelona,although she had left 20years earlier

A haunted B frequented C recalled D sustained The hands on my alarm clock are____.So I can tell time in the dark

A imminent B luminous C illumination D illustrative

參考答案：B B A A C B D A B C A B D A B

浙江大學考博英語04年秋詞匯題

（大部分與03年秋以及04年春詞匯部分重復，不同的有）1.You can't cure a common cold, but you can ____ the symptoms.A moderate B alleviate C dilute D subdue 2.For years scientists have been ___ by the strange circles that have appeared in cornfields.A tangled B terrified C evoked D baffled

3.The flood was a___ from which Bangladesh has never really recored.A calamity B downfall C reverse D scandal Our company's management____negotiations on a new union contract

A launched B triggered C terminated D preserved

參考答案：B D A A

浙江大學考博英語05年春詞匯題

1.If wool is submerged in hot water,it tend to___

A snap B shrink C fade D condense 2.His last play was ___ by the critics as a masterpiece

A claimed B proclaimed C exclaimed D acclaimed

3.It is the builder’s job to make sure that the house conforms to the architects___ in every way.A regulations B specialities C essentials D specifications 4.Your letter has been___ to the authority concerned.A transited B transfered C transported D transmitted

5.Among her many___ are loyalty ,courage andtruthfulness

A virtues B morals C characters D graces The soldiers___ their arms as thay marched.A swayed B swung C swerved D swelled

7.The country's constitution___ the ideals of equality and freedom.A embodies B symbolizes C marks D represents

8.It was ___ whether the patient will survive the operation A vague B suspicious C ambiguous D doubtful 9, The brochure______us into thinking that our hotel was only five minutes from the beach A trapped B frightened C engaged D misled “I'm far too busy to talk to you now.”

he said,in his usual____manner.A rigid B steep C abrupt D stern 11 He's rich and keeps____about how much money he's got to impress people

A exaggerating B boasting C admiring D inspiring She was____enough to realize right from the start that he was lying.A initiative B pervasive C imaginative D perceptive The two countries___ their peace efforts after a break of two and a half years

A rebuked B renewed C reviewed D reclaimed People always greet each other warmly,____ their different origins and beliefs.A in regard to B in contrast with C with respect to D regardless of The express train from London___ on time.A pulled up B pulled over C pulled in D pulled through

參考答案：B D D B A B A D D C B D B D C

第五篇：考博英語詞匯和翻譯練習題

考博英語練習題

1.Daily nutrition, weight, and physical activities in the family will largely determine whether your children are _____ to children diabetes.A.likely B.susceptible C.influential D.Sustainable 2.The accusations we bring against others should be ____ ourselves;they should not ____ complacency and easy judgments on our part concerning our own moral conduct.A.denigration of.., exclude B.instructions to...equate C.parodies of...satirize D.warnings to...justify 【翻譯練習】

1、英譯漢參考譯文

The researchers, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, say when people are living together they share behaviors, such as eating meals together and watching TV.The scientists also note that marriage provides a number of health benefits, including decreased cigarette smoking and lower mortality.2、漢譯英

上海舉行的峰會可以促進六國之間的友好合作關系。【參考答案】 1.B 【句子大意】每日汲取的營養成分，體重和在家鍛煉很大程度上決定您的孩子是否容易患上兒童糖尿病。

【精析】likely“很可能的，合適的”；susceptible“易受影響的”；influential“有影響的，有勢力的”；sustainable“可以忍受的，足可支撐的”；故選B項。2.D 【句子大意】那些對他人的控告應該視為對我們自己的一個警告；我們不能夠僅憑自身道德行徑就有理由去妄下定論并且驕傲自滿。

【精析】denigration of 詆毀，貶損；exclude排除，排斥；instructions教導，說明；equate使相等，視為平等；parodies of模仿，效仿；satirize諷刺，挖苦；Warnings to警告；justify證明合法。根據原文，可根據第一句話，首先排除AC選項，對他人的控告不能是對自身的一種詆毀，或效仿。故選D項。【翻譯參考答案】

1、英譯漢參考譯文

北卡羅來納大學教堂山分校(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)的研究人員說，兩個人生活在一起就會一同行動，比如說一塊兒吃飯看電視。科學家們還強調，婚姻會帶來許多健康方面的好處，比如說少抽煙，死亡率也會降低。

2、漢譯英參考答案

The Summit Sessions held in Shanghai could foster better relations and cooperation between the six counties.================================= 1.Dozens of scientific groups all over the world have been ______ the goal of a practical and economical way to use sunlight to split water molecules.A.chasing B.reaching C.pursuing D.winning 2.Scientists believe that a conclusion which is drawn readily before all of the relevant data are collected, analyzed and contemplated is called ______.A.insincere B.premise C.presumption D.premature 【翻譯練習】

1、英譯漢

The Wall Street bank said it earned $1bn, or $1.69 a share, in the second quarter, up from $683m, or $1.13 a share, a year earlier.Strong fixed-income trading results offset a sharp drop in debt-underwriting revenue.2、漢譯英

只有那些不怕困難的人，才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。【參考答案】 1.C 許多世界各地的科學團體一直追求利用太陽光分解水分子這一經濟實用方式的目標。【解析】動詞詞義辨析。chase“追逐，追捕”；reach“達到，抵達，伸出”；pursue“繼續，追求，追趕”；win“贏得，在??中獲勝”。由關鍵詞have been“一直在（表示持續狀態”及“goal”可推知“追求目標”符合，由此知C項正確。2.C 【句意】科學家們認為在所有的相關數據被收集、分析和考慮之前輕易得出的結論被稱為推定。

【解析】名詞及形容詞詞義辨析。insincere“（形容詞）不誠實的，虛假的”；premise“前提，假設”；presumption“假定，推定”；premature“早產兒，過早發生的事物”。由關鍵詞conclusion“結論”及“before all of the relevant data are collected, analyzed and contemplated”可推知“稱為推定”符合，由此知C項正確。【翻譯參考答案】

1、英譯漢參考譯文

這家華爾街銀行表示，第二季度它的每股收益為10億美元，合每股1.69美元，高于上年同期的6.83億美元，即每股1.13美元。強勁的固定收益交易業績抵消了債券承銷收入的大幅下降。

2、漢譯英參考答案

Only those who are not afraid of any difficulties have the chance of achieving outstanding results in their work.================================ 1.The Chinese language differs _____ from the English language because of their different writing system and pronunciation.A)considerably B)consistently C)confidently D)continually 2.Everyone is trying to _____ how the fire started.A)figure out B)make out C)turn out D)clear out 【翻譯練習】

1、英譯漢

We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series.There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life.To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have.2、漢譯英

那種情況出現時,這種反應并不錯，這是人類用道德觀念進行推理的本能在起作用。這種本能應得到鼓勵, 而不應遭到嘲弄。【參考答案】 1.A 【句意】漢語與英語有很大的不同，因為兩者的文字和發音不同。

【解析】詞義辨析題。considerably相當；consistently始終；confidently 自信地；continually不斷地。2.A 【句意】每個人都試圖弄懂是如何起火的。

【解析】詞組辨析題。figure out 猜測，弄懂；make out起草，理解；turn out生產，變成；clear out 離開，騰出，清理。

1、英譯漢參考譯文

正是因為不停地追求進取，我們才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件隨之而來，如此連綿不絕，永無止境。對于往前看的人來說，眼前總有一番新天地。雖然我們蝸居于這顆小行星上，整日忙于瑣事且生命短暫，但我們生來就有不盡的希望，如天上繁星，遙不可及。只要生命猶在，希望便會不止。真正的幸福在于怎樣開始，而不是如何結束，在于我們的希翼，而并非擁有。

2、漢譯英參考答案

When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.================================= 1.Now that the excitement of celebrating has had a chance to _____, it's time to turn the Olympic ideal into reality.A)cut off B)carry off C)turn off D)wear off 2._____, wings for the common man had to await the dawn of the space age to go back to the simplicity of their beginnings.A)Consequently B)Regularly C)Ironically

D)Comprehensively 【翻譯練習】

1、英譯漢

The 21st century is named as the era of “Internet as the king”.Cyberspace will be an important strategic resource in this century.Network economy has great influence on the traditional economic theories and even changes them.Network economy has obvious scale effect.A greater scale promises more clients, products of more standard level, more business opportunities and thus much more interests.No matter how miraculous the Internet is, it cannot exist independently without traditional economy.Without traditional economy, network economy will be like the fountain without water and the trees without roots, which will not make a sustainable development.2、漢譯英

他在科研上取得的成就要比預期的大。【1.11）參考答案 1.D 【句意】既然慶祝的興奮感已經消失了，現在是把奧林匹克理想變成現實的時候了。

【解析】詞組辨析題。cut off 斷掉，切斷；carry off 奪得，奪走；turn off 關掉；wear off 消失，磨掉。2.C 【句意】諷刺的是，為了回到自身飛翔的單純起點，普通人類不得不等待太空時代的到來。【解析】詞義辨析題。consequently 因此；regularly 經常；ironically 諷刺地，出人意外的；comprehensively 全面地，透徹地，此句含有一個前后的邏輯關系，故選C。

1、英譯漢參考譯文

21世紀被人們稱為“網絡稱雄”的時代，網絡空間(cyberspace)將是本世紀重要的戰略資源。網絡經濟對傳統經濟理論有著重大的影響，且甚至會改變它們。網絡經濟具有明顯的規模效應。一個較大的規模預示著更多客戶、更標準化的產品、更多的商業機會和因此而產生的過多利益。然而，不論網絡如何神奇，它都不能脫離傳統經濟而獨立存在。脫離了傳統經濟，網絡經濟將不會有持續性發展，這就如同無水之源、無本之木。

2、漢譯英參考答案

The success he has achieved in scientific research is greater than expected.=============================== 1.Some cultures have customs that ____ the clothing fashions of people in certain social classes.A)modify B)alter C)regulate D)revise 2.The ______ beauty of the mountain has made it a world-famous resort.Every year numerous tourists from home and abroad come to visit it.A)perpetual B)perplexed C)preserved D)perished 【翻譯練習】

1、英譯漢

In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——even while building materials have changed dramatically.2、漢譯英

很難說哪個方案更為切實可行。【參考答案】 1.C 【句意】某些文化有一些習俗，這些習俗規定了某些社會階層中人們的穿衣時尚。【解析】動詞辨析題。四個選項意思分別是：modify“修改，更改；修飾”；alter“改變，更改”；regulate “控制，管理；調整；調節”；revise“修訂，修改；復習”。制度的管理和規定經常用regulate，modify是指略微的修改，alter范圍較廣，指任何的改變，revise通常指修訂課本。所以選項C是最佳答案。2.C 【句意】山區未被破壞的美景使它成為世界聞名的度假勝地。每年，都有大量國內外的游客慕名來訪。

【解析】形容詞辨析題。四個選項意思分別是：perpetual “永久的，終身的；不斷的，常發生的”；perplexed “困惑的，茫然不知所措的”；preserved “保護的”；perished “消亡的，毀壞的”。根據句子的上下文意思判斷，只有選項C符合題意。【翻譯參考答案】

1、英譯漢參考譯文

為了使結構達到必要的大小和強度去滿足它的目的，建筑學上使用了一些支撐的方法，因為這些方法都是基于物理定律，所以盡管建筑材料已經發生了巨大變化，這些方法卻自人們發現它們以來就沒有什么變化。

2、漢譯英參考答案

It’s hard to say which plan is more practicable.=============================== 1.Fred tried to get to the door, but the table was ______.A.in a way B.on the way C.in the way D.by the way 2.______ a sudden burst of rain, the children came home with wet clothes.A.For B.Due to C.Owning to D.Thanks to 【翻譯練習】

1、英譯漢 Taihu Lake, a freshwater lake located in the eastern part of China with an area of 2250 square kilometers, is the third largest freshwater lake in China, next to Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake.There are about 90 islands in Taihu Lake ranging in size from a few square meters to a few square kilometers.2、漢譯英 對我們來說，生活要是沒有廣大的城市地區似乎是不可想象的，但實際上城市還是相對近代才發展起來的。【參考答案】 1.C 【句意】Fred打算到門口去，但桌子擋住了道。【解析】詞組辨析。in a way“在某種程度上”；on the way“在??途中”；in the way“妨礙，擋道”；by the way“順便說說”。根據題干中表示轉折的but和做主語的the table“桌子”可以推斷出答案選項為C。2.C 【句意】由于突降陣雨，孩子們回家后衣服都淋濕了。

【解析】近義詞用法辨析。for引導的表示原因的狀語從句不能放在句首，而且前面一般用逗號與主句分開；Owing to做狀語時強調因果關系，修飾整個句子，可在句首或者句末，用逗號隔開；Due to作狀語時與owing to同義，但一般不與其他成分隔開；Thanks to表示原因時一般出于感謝；故答案選項為C。【翻譯參考答案】

1、英譯漢參考譯文

太湖是中國東部的一個淡水湖，占地面積 2250平方公里，是中國三大淡水湖，僅次于 鄱陽和洞庭。太湖約有90個島嶼，大小從幾平方米到幾平方公里不等。

2、漢譯英參考答案

Life without large urban areas may seem inconceivable to us, but actually cities are relatively recent development.================================= 1.The new media law that has sparked a furor in the country requires all broadcast and digital media to provide “balanced coverage“ and is seen by critics as an attempt to __ the press.A.muzzle B.underpin C.sidestep D.reassure 2.______ whether the loan proposal is made by a government, state enterprise or private corporation, an appraisal of the economic and political situation of the borrower's country must be made to assess the risk involved.A.Depending on B.Notwithstanding C.irrespective of D.On account of 【翻譯練習】 1.英譯漢

The Chinese government announced the annual August 8 as the ”National Fitness Day“ to promote physical activities throughout the country.This move not only popularizes the concept of keeping fit around the nation, but also diversifies the methods of taking exercise.2.漢譯英

你應該仔細核對全部資料，以避免嚴重錯誤。【參考答案】 1.A 【句意】新媒體法激起了公憤，它要求所有廣播和數碼媒體做到“均衡報道”，這被看做是一種壓制新聞自由的舉措。

【精析】Muzzle“使緘默；封鎖...的言論”，underpin“鞏固；支持”，sidestep“回避；側向躲避”，reassure“使安心；使放心”。根據題意，答案選A。2.C 【句意】無論是政府貸款，國企貸款，還是私企貸款，都應該對借方國家的經濟和政治形勢有所評估，以預計貸款風險。

【精析】Depending on“根據，取決于”，notwithstanding“盡管；仍然”，irrespective of“不論；不考慮；不顧”，on account of“由于；因為”，根據題意，答案選C。【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

中囯政府宣布每年的8月8日為“全民健身日”(National Fitness Day)，推動全民健身。這一舉動不僅在全國范圍內普及了健康理念，還使人們鍛煉的方式更加多樣化。2.漢譯英參考答案

You should check all the data carefully so as to avoid serious mistakes.================================= 1.We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it ________ when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.A.compacted B.dispersed C.delayed D.restricted 2.Allen will soon find out that real life is seldom as simple as it is ________in commercials.A.drafted B.depicted C.alleged D.permeated 【翻譯練習】 1.英譯漢

long before the emergence of the written word, ballads, accompanied by music and dance,and myths, passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular.Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions.however, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace.2.漢譯英

即使你說服不了他，也不要灰心喪氣。【參考答案】 1.D 【句意】我們都享有選擇的自由，而不喜歡在社會的法律和道德界限內看到自由被約束。【解析】動詞(過去分詞)辨析。A.compacted “v.壓縮（compact的過去式和過去分詞）；壓緊”；B.dispersed “v.分散；傳播（disperse的過去分詞）”；C.delayed “v.延遲（delay的過去式）”；D.restricted “v.限制（restrict的過去式和過去分詞）”。2.B 【句意】艾倫將很快發現實際生活很少想廣告中描繪的那樣簡單。

【解析】動詞(過去分詞)辨析。A.drafted “v.設計；挑選；拉開（draft的過去式和過去分詞）”；B.depicted “vt.描述；描畫（depict的過去式和過去分詞）”；C.alleged“v.宣稱（allege的過去式和過去分詞）；斷言adj.所謂的；聲稱的；被斷言的”；D.permeated “v.彌漫(permeate的過去式和過去分詞)；遍布；滲入；滲透”。【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

與舞蹈和音樂相伴的歌謠跟口頭流傳的神話，遠在文字出現之前就已大量產生。中國的文學正是發端于此。不過歌謠本是人們在生活中隨興而發的東西，上古時代也沒有保存和記載它們的手段，因之也就很快湮滅，不留痕跡。2.漢譯英參考答案

Don’t feel discouraged even if you should fail in persuading him.================================= 1.I had eaten Chinese food often, but I could not have imagined how_______ and extravagant a real Chinese banquet could be.A.fabulous B.gracious C.handsome D.prominent 2.I told him that I would ______ him to act for me while I was away from office.A.identify B.authorize C.rationalize D.justify 【翻譯練習】 1.英譯漢

as it turns out, showering or bathing daily wreaks havoc on something hilariously called the horny layer.hot water, soap and abrasive surfaces strip off the horny layer, exposing living cells to the elements.2.漢譯英

這件事至今還沒有得出正確的結論。【參考答案】 1.A 【句意】我之前常吃中餐，但是還是不能想象真正的中式宴會能有多么好，多么奢侈。【解析】形容詞辨析。A.fabulous“adj.難以置信的；傳說的，寓言中的；極好的”；B.gracious“adj.親切的；高尚的；和藹的；雅致的”；C.handsome“adj.（男子）英俊的；可觀的；大方的，慷慨的；健美而端莊的”；D.prominent“adj.突出的，顯著的；杰出的；卓越的”。2.B 【句意】我告知他在我不在辦公室期間，我會授權他代表我。

【解析】動詞辨析。A.identify“vt.確定；鑒定；識別，辨認出；使參與；把?看成一樣 vi.確定；認同；一致” B.authorize“vt.批準，認可；授權給；委托代替”；C.rationalize “vt.使??合理化；使??有理化；為??找借口vi.實行合理化；作辯解；合理地思考”；D.justify “vt.證明?是正當的；替?辯護vi.證明合法；整理版面”。【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

其實每天洗澡會嚴重破壞身上的角質層。熱水、肥皂和搓澡巾會使角質層脫落，讓我們的皮膚暴露在外。2.漢譯英參考答案

So far no correct conclusion has been drawn on the matter.================================= 1.As I have mentioned, an important source of human stress is the _______between the demands of the individual and those of his society.A.splash B.smash C.crash D.clash 2.From his directions, it shouldn't be difficult to _____ the beach house in the map, even though you have never been there before.A.determine B.locate C.unearth D.ascertain 【翻譯練習】 1.英譯漢

Another problem which the world will face is to get rid of refuse(廢料).One solution is to burn refuse at very high temperatures in incinerators(焚化爐).A development of this, which may prove very useful in the future, is to use these incinerators to generate steam power.2.漢譯英

你對下一步該做些什么，清楚了嗎? =============================== 1.The head window of the car is made of safety glass that won't _____if it is broken.A.shatter B.shudder C.crush D.crumple 2.The mechanic jacked up the car and then ______ to change the tire.A.advanced B.went C.proceeded D.moved 【翻譯練習】 1.英譯漢

About 350 years ago Galileo made a telescope and looked through it at the sun.What he saw both surprised and frightened him, for he saw dark spots on the sun which at once suggested to him that God had not made the world quite as perfect as he had previously believed.2.漢譯英

他在這次旅行中的所見所聞給他留下了深刻的印象。【參考答案】 1.D 【句意】正如我所提到的，人類壓力的一個重要來源是個人需求與社會需求之間的沖突。【解析】詞義辨析。A項“splash濺潑聲，濺潑；濺上的斑點等；濺潑的量；少量液體”；B項“smash破碎，破碎時發出的聲音；撞車；網球的高壓球；極為轟動的戲劇、歌曲、影片等”；C項“crash撞擊（聲），破裂（聲）；撞車，（車輛等）碰撞”；D項“dash(金屬等的）刺耳的撞擊聲；（兩群人之間的）打斗，打架，沖突；爭論，爭執；（顏色）不協調；交鋒，交戰，比賽”。2.B 【句意】根據他的指示，你不難在地圖上找出那海濱別墅的地點，雖然你從來沒有去過那個地方。

【解析】詞義辨析。A項“determine v.確定某事物，決定；確定，測定”；B項“locate 找出，把??設置，在，使坐落于”；C項“unearth發掘，掘出”；D項“ascertain確定，查明”。

【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯英參考譯文

世界將面對著的另一問題是處理廢物。有一個解決辦法就是在焚化爐中用高溫的廢物燒掉。這種方法的一個新發展，可能在將來證明極為有用，即是以這些焚火爐來產生蒸汽動力。2.漢譯英參考答案

Are you clear about what you should do next? ================================ 1.A 【句意】該車頭窗是由安全玻璃構成的，在打破后不會粉碎的。【解析】詞義辨析。A項“shatter(使果物）突然而劇烈地裂成碎片，粉碎”；B項“shudder(因寒冷、恐懼等）發枓、戰栗；劇烈地搖晃”；C項“crush壓（或擠）壞，壓；搗（或碾）碎某物”；D項“crumple(使）起皺”。2.C 【句意】這位機修工用千斤頂頂起汽車，然后換輪胎。

【解析】詞義辨析。A項“advance前進；進步；向前移動或推進；推進某人、計劃等”；B項“go去”；C項“proceed開始，繼續進行，發生”；D項“move移動，搬動”。【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

大約在三百五十年前，伽利略制造了臺望遠鏡，并用它來觀察太陽。他所看到的景象使他感到既吃驚又害怕，因為他看到太陽上有一些黑點，這使他立刻聯想到上帝創造的世界并不象他以前所相信的那么完美。2.漢譯英參考答案

What he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression.================================ 1.______ in their island community, the various tribes used languages which became more and more similar to each other's.A)Managed B)Shrunk C)Assumed D)Isolated 2.If full credits were given to this part it could ____ a high grade for the student in his physical course.A)belong to B)be due to C)be subject to D)contribute to 【翻譯練習】 1.英譯漢

After the concert Mom and Dad came backstage.The way they walked － heads high, faces flushed － I knew they were pleased.My mother gave me a big hug.Dad slipped an arm around me and held me close.”You were just great,“ he said.Then he shook my hand and was slow to let it go.2.漢譯英

酒后駕車會導致災難性的交通事故。【參考答案】 1.D 【句意】孤零零地待在這個島國，島上不同的部落成員使用的語言越來越相似。

【解析】動詞辨析題。四個選項意思分別是：manage “營，管理；控制；辦理；設法對付”，詞組manage without “在沒有??下應付過去”；shrink “收縮，退縮”，詞組shrink back “退縮，害怕”；assume“假設，臆斷，猜想；假裝；承擔，擔任”，詞組assume responsibility“承擔責任”；isolate “使隔離，使孤立，使脫離”。首先排除選項A和C，和題意完全不符，shrink一般指衣服的收縮。isolate則是指地理位置的孤立，所以選項D符合題意。2.D 【句意】如果學生在這部分得到滿分的話，那么他物理課程的學分就會很高。

【解析】動詞詞組辨析題。四個選項意思分別是：belong to “屬于；是(某團體、國家等)的成員”；be due to“由于；應歸于”；be subject to “受支配，從屬于，常遭受??”；contribute to “有助于；貢獻”。根據句子的意思判斷，只有選項D符合題意。【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

音樂會后，爸媽來到后臺。他們走路的樣子，昂著頭，精神煥發--我知道他們很開心。媽媽緊緊地抱住我。爸爸伸出一只手臂，牢牢地摟住我：“你太棒了。”說完，他使勁地握著我的手，不愿松開。2.漢譯英參考答案

Drunken driving will result in disastrous traffic accidents.================================= 1.It is our firm ______ that a step forward has been taken and will bring the country back to economic prosperity.A)conviction B)empowerment C)imperative D)proposition 2.Due to sluggish market conditions, the factory's workforce has ______ from over 4 000 to a few hundred.A)proclaimed B)dwindled C)repressed D)indulged 【翻譯練習】 1.英譯漢

At the theater nervousness overtook me as I realized how much I wanted to make my parents proud.Finally, it was my turn.I walked to the lone chair on stage and performed ”Are You Lonesome Tonight?“ without a mistake.The applause spilled out, with a few hands still clapping after others had stopped.I was lightheaded, glad my ordeal was over.2.漢譯英

真愛之路永不平坦。(莎士比亞 Shakespeare)【參考答案】 1.A 【句意】我們堅信：我們已經向前邁出了一大步，而且我們國家會重新走上經濟繁榮的道路。【解析】名詞辨析題。四個選項的意思分別是：conviction“堅信，深信；定罪”；empowerment “權力”，詞組be empowered to do “授權做某事”；imperative “緊急的事；祈使”；proposition“主張，建議”，其動詞是propose，詞組propose at toast to sb.指“為某人干杯”。選項C首先排除，這里應該填入名詞，而不是形容詞，這件事不是我們的權力，所以empowerment也不對，conviction和proposition意思都可以，但是，conviction 更加強調程度，所以選項A是正確答案。2.B

【句意】受不景氣的市場環境影響，工廠的勞動力從4000多人銳減到幾百人.【解析】動詞辨析題。四個選項的意思分別是：proclaim “宣布，聲明”；dwindle “銳減”；repress “壓抑(感情)；鎮壓”；indulge“使(自己)沉迷于；放縱，嬌縱”，詞組indulge in sth.“沉湎于某物”。表示程度下降的只有dwindle，所以選項B正確。【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

在劇場里，當我意識到我是多么想讓父母感到驕傲時，我極為緊張。最后，終于輪到我了。我走向舞臺中央的那張椅子，演奏了一曲“今晚你孤獨嗎？”，一個音符也沒拉錯。頓時，掌聲四起，難以停息。我 頭有點暈暈的，慶幸我的苦難終于結束。2.漢譯英參考答案

The course of true love never did run smooth.=================================1.Last year our school football team won four ______ games.A)obsessive B)concessive C)successive D)excessive 2.I can't possibly mark your homework;your handwriting is ______.A)illogical B)illiterate C)illusive D)illegible 【翻譯練習】 1.英譯漢

The evening of the concert Mom wore glittery earrings and more makeup than I could remember.Dad got out of work early, put on a suit and tie, and slicked down his hair with Vitalis.They were ready an hour early, so we sat in the living room chatting nervously.I got the unspoken message that playing this one song was a dream come true for them.2.漢譯英

他沒有辜負教練的期望。【參考答案】 1.C 【句意】去年，我們校足球隊連勝4場。

【解析】 形容詞辨析題，四個選項的意思分別是：obsessive “著迷的”；concessive“讓步的，許可的”;successive “連續的”；excessive “過量的”。根據句子的意思判斷，只有選項C符合題意。2.D 【句意】我無法給你的作業評分，你的字跡都很難辨認。

【解析】形容詞辨析。四個選項分別是：illogical “不合邏輯的”；illiterate“不識字的，文盲”illusive “虛假的”；illegible “難以辨認的”。根據句子的意思，只有選項D符合。【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

音樂會那天晚上，媽媽戴上亮晶晶的耳環，臉上沒見她這么打扮過。爸爸早早就下了班，扎上領帶，一身套裝，頭發用發油梳得溜光。他們提前一小時就準備好了，我們便坐在客廳里緊張地聊天。此時我感到，演奏這么一首歌是實現他倆的一個夢想。2.漢譯英參考答案

He lived up to the expectations of his coach.================================ 1.Arithmetic is the one fundamental science, ______ all other physical sciences.A)undermining B)undertaking C)underscoring D)underlying 2.In the professions where women ______ numerically, it would be reasonable to expect them to hold senior positions.A)tolerate B)integrate C)predominate D)accumulate 【翻譯練習】 1.英譯漢

I was speechless.I had rarely heard Dad speak with such feeling about anything, much less the accordion.From then on, I practiced without my parents’ making me.2.漢譯英

沒帶任何解釋，他的申請就被拒絕了。【參考答案】 1.D 【句意】算術是最基本的一門科學，它是其他所有自然科學的基礎。

【解析】形近詞辨析題。四個選項的意思分別是：undermine“破壞，毀壞”；undertake “從事??工作”；underscore“強調”；underlie “是??的原因；成為??的基礎”。根據句子的意思判斷，只有選項D 符合題意。2.C 【句意】對于那些婦女在數量上占優勢的職位，婦女擔當一些重要職位也是合情合理的。【解析】形容詞辨析。四個選項的意思分別是：tolerate “容忍”；integrate “使融入”；predominate“數量上占優勢”；accumulate “增加”。根據句子的意思判斷，只有選項C符合題意。句子中有numerically所以predominate為最佳選項。1.英譯漢參考譯文

我不吱聲了。我很少聽到爸爸如此語重心長地跟我談事情，更不用說是為了拉手風琴的事。從那以后，我練琴再也不用父母盯著。2.漢譯英參考答案

His application was denied without any explanation.================================= 1.She always fancied about going abroad, but when she arrived in Germany she found it hard to ______ herself to the new working conditions.A.cater B.suit

C.alternate D.Accommodate 2.She was afraid ______the dog in case it became dangerous.A.of exciting B.to excite C.that she excited D.to be exciting 【翻譯練習】 1.英譯漢

Such humiliation paled, though, beside the impending fall recital.I would have to play a solo on a local movie theater's stage.I wanted to skip the whole thing.Emotions boiled over in the car one Sunday afternoon.”I don't want to play a solo.“ I said.”You have to,“ replied my father.2.漢譯英

宗教信仰自由受法律保護。【參考答案】 1.D 【句意】她總是幻想出國，但是當她到了德國之后發現她很難適應這里新的工作環境。【解析】動詞辨析。A.cater “v.投合，迎合；滿足需要；提供飲食及服務”；B.suit “v.適合；使適應”；C.alternate “v使交替；使輪流”；D.accommodate “v.容納；使適應，改變......以適應；調整以適應??”。2.B 【句意】她不敢讓這條狗興奮，以免它變得危險。

【解析】短語搭配。be afraid 后面接不定式：be afraid to do sth.表示“害怕／不敢做某事”，接動名詞: be afraid of doing sth.表示“一向害怕做某事，表示習慣”。根據后文的in case“以防”可知，是之后出現的事—it became dangerous，讓她不敢去“excite the dog”，因此，B項更符合語境。【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

不過，這種羞辱與即將來臨的秋季演奏會相比，算不得什么。我得在當地一家影劇院舞臺上獨奏一曲。我想逃避這一切。一個星期天的下午，不滿的情緒終于在車上爆發了。“我不想獨奏，”我說。“你必須去，”父親說。2.漢譯英參考答案

The freedom of religious belief is protected by law.================================ 1.There are serious problems of land _____in some arid regions of Northwest China.A.degradation B.fertilization C.enhancement D.dilemmas 2.After the sudden death of his mother, his aunt served as a _____mother until he was 18 years old.A.adopted B.effective C.surrogate D.interim 【翻譯練習】 1.英譯漢

Throughout the summer, Mr.Zelli's lessons grew more difficult.It took me a week and a half to master them now.All the while I could hear my buddies outside playing heated games of stickball.I'd also hear an occasional taunt;”Hey, where's your monkey and cup?“ 2.漢譯英

世界上沒有兩片葉子是相同的。【參考答案】 1.A 【句意】在中國西北的一些干旱地區土壤退化問題很嚴重。【解析】名詞辨析。A.degradation “n.退化；降格，降級”；墮落；B.fertilization “n.施肥；肥沃”；C.enhancement “n.增加；放大”；D.dilemmas “n.困境；進退兩難；兩刀論法”。2.C 【句意】在他母親死后，他的姑媽在他十八歲之前暫時作為他的母親。【解析】形容詞辨析。A.adopted “adj.被收養的；被采用的，有收養關系的”；B.effective “adj.有效的，起作用的；實際的，實在的；給人深刻印象”；C.surrogate “adj.代理的，代替的n.替代，代理”；D.interim “adj.辦臨時的，暫時的；中間的；間歇的”。1.英譯漢參考譯文

整個夏天，澤利先生的課越來越難。現在要一個半星期才能掌握。練琴時，我總是聽到伙伴們在外面玩棍球的嬉鬧聲。偶爾還聽到奚落：“嗨，你的猴子和獎杯哪里去了。2.漢英語參考答案

No two leaves are identical in the world.================================ 1.It was a long time before scientists could______ the mystery of the atom.A.penetrate B.pierce C.permeate D.pervade 2.The results of the several rounds of polls indicate that those who haven't vote yet are______ towards abolishing the entrance examination.A.sliding B.backing up C.standing by D.tilting 【翻譯練習】 1.英譯漢

One July evening I was giving an almost flawless rendition of ”Come Back to Sorrento,“ and my parents called me to an open window.An elderly neighbor, rarely seen outside her house, was leaning against our car humming dreamily to the tune.When I finished, she smiled broadly and called out, ”I remember that song as a child in Italy.Beautiful, just beautiful.“ 2.漢譯英

他讀了很多書，古今中外都有。【參考答案】 1.A 【句意】科學家用了很長時間才發現了原子的秘密。【解析】動詞辨析。A.penetrate“vi.滲透；了解；洞察；領悟vt.滲透；穿透；洞察”；B.pierce“vt.刺穿；洞察；響徹；深深地打動vi.進入；透入”；C.permeate “vt.（思想、感情、態度）感染，傳播；彌漫；擴散”；D.pervade“vt.遍及；彌漫”。根據句意，A項“penetrate了解”符合句意。2.D 【句意】幾輪投票的結果顯示那些人還沒有投票的人傾向于廢除入學考試。【解析】動詞（短語）辨析。用現在分詞表示現在進行時態。A.slide “v.滑動 使滑行”；B.back up“支持，援助；（資料）備份；倒退；裱”；C.stand by“支持；袖手旁觀；準備；站在旁邊”；D.tilt“vi.傾斜；翹起；以言詞或文字抨擊”，固定搭配“tilt toward傾向；使偏向”。因此，D項符合句意和搭配。【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

七月的一個傍晚，我正在拉“重回索聯托”，拉得幾乎完美無缺。父母突然把我叫到窗前。一位極少出門、上了年紀的老鄰居，正靠在我們的車旁，跟著曲子沉醉地哼唱著。當我拉完時，她咧開嘴笑了，大聲說：“小時候在意大利我聽到過這首歌曲，我還記得。太棒了，真是棒極了。

2.漢譯英參考答案

He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.================================ 1.It is said that the custom of shaking hands originated when primitive men held out empty hands to indicate that they had no ______ weapons and were thus amicably disposed.A.lethal B.concealed C.murderous D.secret 2.Some teenager harbor a generalized resentment against society, which ______ them the right and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.A.deprives B.restricts C.rejects D.denies 【翻譯練習】 1.英譯漢

”Very nice, better than last week,“ he'd say.Then I would follow into a medley of his favorites, ”Red River Valley“ and ”Home on the Range," and he would drift off to sleep, the newspaper folded on his lap.I took it as a compliment that he could relax under the spell of my playing.2.漢譯英

從這個意義上說兒童和大人享有同樣的權利。【參考答案】 1.B 【句意】據說握手的習俗起源于原始人類伸出空手來表明他們沒有隱藏的武器，以示友好。【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。lethal“致命的，致死的”；concealed“隱蔽的，隱匿的”；murderous“殺人的，殘忍的，兇殘的，蓄意謀殺的”；secret“秘密的，機密的”。由關鍵詞held out empty hands“伸出空手”知“隱藏的”符合題意，故B項正確。2.D 【句意】一些十幾歲的孩子們往往對社會有普遍的逆反心理，雖然他們發育成熟，但社會拒絕給予他們同成年人一樣的權利和優惠。【解析】動詞詞義辨析。deprive“使喪失，剝奪”，deprive sb.of sth.“剝奪某人某物”；restrict“限制，約束，限定”，沒有restrict sb.sth.的搭配；reject“拒絕，排斥，抵制，丟棄”，沒有reject sb.sth.的搭配；deny“否定，拒絕給予，拒絕??的要求”，deny sb.sth.“拒絕給某人某物”。由關鍵詞teenager、resentment、right and privileges of adults及詞組的搭配知“拒絕”符合題意，故D項正確。【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文 他會說，“不錯，比上星期好，”然后我會接著拉他喜歡的曲子“紅河谷”和“山上的家”。聽著聽著，他慢慢睡著了，報紙疊在腿上。我把這看作是一種贊揚：他能在我美妙的演奏中放松。

2.漢譯英參考答案

In this sense, children and adults have equal rights.================================ 1.One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its abilities to ______ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.A.invent B.stimulate C.renovate D.advocate 2.It is doubtful whether anyone can be a truly ______ observer of events.A.inadequate B.impassive C.genius D.impartial 【翻譯練習】 1.英譯漢

Only music carried Dad away from his world of tools and projects.On a Sunday drive, he turned the radio on immediately.At red lights, I'd notice his foot tapping in time.He seemed to hang on every note.2.漢譯英

她的眼睛由于興奮而閃閃發光。【參考答案】 1.B 【句意】科學理論的一個重要特征是能夠激發進一步的研究以及在某一專門領域的更深層次的思考。

【解析】動詞辨析。invent“發明，創造，虛構”；stimulate“刺激，鼓舞，激勵”；renovate“更新，修復，刷新”；advocate“提倡，主張，擁護”。根據題干后置定語中的關鍵詞further research“進一步的研究”和further thinking“更深層次的思考”可知答案選項為B。2.D 【句意】是否任何一個人都能夠成為一個真正公正的事件觀察者還有待確定。【解析】詞義辨析——形容詞和名詞辨析。inadequate“不充分的，不恰當的”；impassive“冷漠的，無感覺的”；genius“天才，天賦，精神”；impartial“公平的，公正的”。根據題干關鍵詞doubtful“不能確定的”和truly“真正地”可知答案選項為D。【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

只有音樂會讓爸爸遠離他的工具和計劃的世界。一個星期天駕車外出，一上車他就打開了收音機。遇到紅燈時，我注意到他的腳在打著拍子，似乎能跟得上每一個節拍。2.漢譯英參考答案

Her eyes sparkled with excitement.================================= 1.Many artists believe that successful imitation far from being symptomatic of a lack of originality, is the step in learning to be ______.A.elegant B.confident C.creative D.imaginary 2.No one could come up with an easy solution to the government’s predicament----labor______ which is caused by the world financial crisis.A.decline B.vacancy C.rarity D.shortage 【翻譯練習】 1.英譯漢

Dad was a supervisor in a company that serviced jet engines.Weekends, he tinkered in the cellar, turning scraps of plywood into a utility cabinet or fixing a broken toy with spare parts.Quiet and shy, he was never more comfortable than when at his workbench.2.漢譯英

鄧鐵濤是中醫界的泰斗。【參考答案】 1.C

【句意】很多藝術家認為，成功的模仿是學習創新的第一步，而遠不是缺乏創意的表現。【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。elegant“高雅的，講究的，簡潔的”；confident“自信的，確信的”；creative“創造性的”；imaginary“虛構的，想像的”。由關鍵詞successful imitation、originality“獨創性”及learning to be知應填跟originality意思相近的形容詞，故C項正確。2.D

【句意】沒人能想出一種簡單的方法去解決政府的困境——即世界金融危機導致勞動力短缺。

【解析】名詞義辨析。decline“下降，衰退”；vacancy“空缺，空白”；rarity“罕見，珍貴”；shortage“缺乏，缺少，不足”。由關鍵詞world financial crisis“世界金融危機”可知D項正確。

【翻譯參考答案】 1.英譯漢參考譯文

爸爸是一家為噴氣式飛機引擎提供服務的公司的主管。周末，他在地下室里修修補補，把膠合板的邊角料做成一個實用的小柜子，或者用一些零件把壞了的玩具修好。他不喜張揚，不愛說話。最讓他感到舒服的，莫過于在工作臺旁邊。2.漢譯英參考答案

Deng Tietao is a leading authority in the community of TCM.================================= 1.In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed ________ in Chicago and New York City.A)homogeneously B)simultaneously C)spontaneously D)harmoniously 2.The court considers a financial________ to be an appropriate way of punishing him.A)option

B)duty

C)obligation D)penalty 【翻譯練習】

1.We’ll be all right _______________（只要我們能到達下一個加油站）.2..英譯漢

We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances(drugs)is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.【參考答案】 1.B [譯文]在過去的十年里，摩天大樓在芝加哥和紐約城同時獲得了發展。[精析] 四個選項的單詞含義分別為：同類地；同時地；自發地；和諧地。2.D [譯文] 法官認為罰款是處罰他的合適選擇。

[精析] 四個選項的單詞含義分別為：選項；責任；義務；處罰。【翻譯參考答案】

1.if only we can get to the next petrol-station 解析：本題“只要”不能用as long as，as long as保留時間方面的含義，它引導的條件句中的謂語動詞通常是延續動詞或系動詞，如：I’ll let you use the room as long as you keep it clean.（只要你能保持房間清潔，我就讓你用這個房間。）如果條件句中的謂語動詞表示短暫性的動作，最好用if only。本句中“到達”就是一個瞬間動詞，因此不選用as long as。2【參考譯文】

我們生活在一個物質(藥物)在醫療和社交方面的使用都很廣泛的社會里：阿斯匹林緩解頭痛，葡萄酒有助于社交，早晨用來提神的咖啡，香煙用來放松神經。

=============================== 1.We work to make money, but it is a _______that people who work hard and long often do not make the most money.A)dilemma B)conflict C)prejudice D)paradox 2.Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very _______.A)intriguing B)indefinite

C)obscure D)dubious 【翻譯練習】

1.In this night，if we can make good use of time，_______（當然毫無疑問地我們會成功）.2.英譯漢

In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.【參考答案】

1.D 【句意】我們工作為了掙錢，但是矛盾的是，工作努力并且時間長的人通常并非是掙錢最多的。

【解析】名詞辨析。A.dilemma“n.困境；進退兩難；兩刀論法”；B.conflict “n.沖突，矛盾；斗爭；爭執”；C.prejudice “n.偏見；侵害”；D.paradox “n.悖論，反論；似非而是的論點；自相矛盾的人或事”。

2.C 【句意】因為教授演講的主題非常晦澀，很少人能理解。【解析】形容詞辨析。A.intriguing “adj.有趣的，迷人的”；B.indefinite “adj.不確定的；無限的；模糊的”；C.obscure“adj.昏暗的，朦朧的；晦澀的，不清楚的；隱蔽的；不著名的，無名的”；D.dubious“adj.可疑的；曖昧的；無把握的；半信半疑的”。【翻譯參考譯文】

1.there can surely be no doubt that we will succeed 解析：in this light是一個慣用表達，意思是“這樣說來”；make good use of指“善用時間”。如there can be no doubt that we would succeed，就只將“毫無疑問”譯了出來，卻沒能體現“當然”。那么在there can結構中“當然”應該放在什么位置呢？通常surely/ certainly都放在情態動詞之后，系動詞之前。注意：“成功”也可以說get somewhere；反之，不成功、一事無成、毫無進展就用get nowhere。如：The new policy will get the company nowhere.（新的政策將使公司前途晦暗。）2.【參考譯文】

在那人口老齡化,長壽技術和社會態度變化等同時產生著影響的澳大利亞,其他一些州也要制定類似涉及安樂死的相應法律.================================= 1.I intend to move that our committee ______ Jim as chairman, and I hope that you will second my motion.[A] will appoint [B] appoints [C] appoint [D] appointed 2.Our country had made great efforts to promote the family-planning policy, but ______ the birth rate is getting higher and higher.[A] as it were [B] as it is

[C] as it was [D] as is it 【翻譯練習】

1.The government should enforce laws strictly.On the other hand，the public also should ________________（培養減少污染的好習慣）.2.英譯漢

There are, of course, exceptions.Small--minded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US.Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.【參考答案】

1.C 【句意】我打算向委員會提議，任命吉姆為主席，而且我希望你能附議我的動議。【解析】本題考查虛擬語氣。Move提議，建議，后接should+動詞原形，should可以省略。2.B 【句意】我們國家已經大力推進計劃生育政策，但實際上，出生率越來越高。【解析】as it is“照現狀看，看樣子，實際上”；as it was為as it is的過去式；as it were“似乎，可以說是”，往往含有“不符合實際或比喻”的意思。【翻譯參考答案】

1.develop the good habit of reducing pollution 解析：本題考查詞義辨析。“培養”的英文對應詞是cultivate，但cultivate是指通過犁地等來耕作土地或指對人的養育、培育，如：to cultivate a love of art（培養對藝術的愛好）；to cultivate a new generation（培育新一代）。句中的意思是說，政府應嚴格執法，另一方面，大眾也應該養成減少污染的好習慣。“習慣”是要大眾自己養成的，而不是說大眾要培養什么其他人，所以應用develop這個詞，表示逐漸形成，使行為朝著某一特定目標發展。2.【參考譯文】

當然也有例外。在美國，心胸狹隘的官員，舉止粗魯的招待和毫無禮貌的出租車司機也并非罕見。盡管有不如意的地方，但因為人們常常得出美國人好客的觀察意見，因而也就值得議論一番了。

================================= 1.Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this_____, produces artificial cold surrounding it.A.consumption B.absorption C.transition D.interaction 2.Furniture has become cheaper, but simultaneously there has been a_____in quality.A.decline B.diversion C.taboo D.Tendency 【翻譯練習】

1._______________（他們來幫忙）encouraged me.2.英譯漢

After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.【參考答案】

1.B 【句意】由固體變為液體，水吸收周圍所有物質的熱量，這一吸收過程使得周圍溫度下降。

【解析】名詞辨析。A.consumption“n.消費；消耗；肺癆”；B.absorption“n.吸收；全神貫注，專心致志”；C.transition“n.過渡；轉變；[分子生物] 轉換；變調”；D.interaction “n.相互作用；[數] 交互作用”。

2.A【句意】家具的價格變便宜了，同時質量也下降了。【解析】名詞辨析。A.decline“n.下降；衰退；斜面”；B.diversion“n.轉移；消遣；分散注意力”；C.taboo“n.禁忌；禁止”；D.tendency“n.傾向，趨勢；癖好”。【翻譯參考答案】 1.Their coming to help 解析：原中文句是一個完整的“主、謂、賓”結構，但這種漢語語法結構按照字面直接譯成英語They came to help的話，就不符合英語語法規范，因為后半句已經出現了謂語動詞encouraged，所以這里我們要采用詞性轉譯法，把“他們來幫忙”處理成動名詞作主語的形式。其實，還有一種方法是把“他們來幫忙”處理成that引導的主語從句That they came to help，在句子作主語。2.【參考譯文】

經過了六個月的爭論以及最后16個小時激烈的議會辯論，澳大利亞北部地區當局成為了世界上第一個允許醫生給希望死去的絕癥病人實施安樂死的立法當局。

================================ 1.Years after the accident he was still_____by images of death and destruction.A.twisted B.haunted C.dipped D.submerged 2.It is a generous and receptive intelligence that was ______ from attaining its full scope by bad training, poor school and lack of opportunity.A.foiled B.thwarted C.balked

D.Inhabited 【翻譯練習】

1.I was sorry ________________（沒看上這部電影）.2.英譯漢

Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.1.B【句意】事故發生后好多年死亡和毀滅的景象仍然縈繞于他的腦海中。【解析】詞義辨析。A項“twist纏繞，盤繞；扭曲，擠壓；轉動，旋轉”；B項“haunt(指鬼魂）常出沒于（某處)；經常浮現于（某人）腦際”；C項“dip浸，泡，蘸”；D項“submerge(使）進入，液面、海面之下，淹沒；完全覆蓋”。

2.C【句意】糟糕的訓練、較差的學校以及機會的缺失妨礙了一個寬宏大量并樂于接受的大腦完全被開發。

【解析】詞義辨析。A項“foil阻止（某人）執行計劃；阻撓，挫敗”；B項“thwart 阻撓（某人）成事；阻止（計劃等）實現”；C項“balk故意妨礙或阻止（某事物）”；D項“inhabit居住于，棲居于；占據”。【翻譯參考答案】

1.to have missed this film 解析：本題考查了反譯法和不定式完成時的用法。“沒看上這部電影，所以我才感到遺憾”，因此動作發生在謂語動詞之前，所以要用完成時態。如果用正譯法將句子需填入部分譯成not to have seen this film就不符合英語表達習慣，沒有答案的效果好。2.【參考譯文】

一些機構終于松了一口氣，但是其他一些機構，包括教堂，倡導生命之權的團體和澳大利亞醫學協會，尖銳地抨擊這個法案，指責法案的通過過于匆忙。但是大勢已定，不可逆轉。================================= 1.The lawyer thought that piece of evidence was ______ early in the investigation but it turned out to be vital in convicting the man of theft.A.insignificant B.unchangeable C.unsuitable D.inevitable 2.We are going to ______ what were learned so far by some revision exercise today.A.consolidate B.reinforce C.affirm D.conform 【翻譯練習】

1._______________（完成作業后），they went to the library.2.英譯漢

With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households.【參考答案】

1.A【句意】律師在調查初期認為那個證據是無關緊要的，但它最后卻在定這個男子盜竊罪上成為至關重要的證據。

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。insignificant“無關緊要，不重要的，無意義的”；unchangeable“不變的，不能改變的”；unsuitable“不適合的，不適宜的，不相稱的”；inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。由關鍵詞but的轉折關系及vital“至關重要的”的對比知應填跟vital意思相反的詞，故A項正確。

2.A【句意】我們今天將通過做一些復習練習來鞏固目前學習的內容。【解析】動詞詞義辨析。consolidate“鞏固，使固定，聯合”；reinforce“加強，加固，強化，補充”；affirm“肯定，斷言”；conform“使遵守，使一致，使順從”。由關鍵詞“what were learned”及“exercise”可推知這里指“鞏固學習內容”，故A項正確。【翻譯參考答案】

1.Having finished their homework 解析：我們知道，現在分詞在句中可以表示原因、時間、條件、結果等。本題考查了現在分詞短語作時間狀語的用法。由后半句可知，“完成作業”發生在“他們去圖書館”之前，因此，現在分詞短語需要用完成時態。如果分詞動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生，就用一般式，如：Seeing the picture，he couldn’t help thinking of her.（一看到照片，他就禁不住想起她。）2.【參考譯文】

隨著經濟的增長，出現了集中化：全國1．19億公民，其中整整76％的人口定居城市：在這里，原來的社區和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒棄，取而代之的是與外界疏于往來的、只由兩代人組成的核心家庭。