第一篇：2010年政府工作報告(中英對照版)——政治英漢翻譯必備

2010年政府工作報告（中英對照）

2010年3月5日上午9時，第十一屆全國人民代表大會第三次會議在人民大會堂開幕，國務院總理溫家寶作政府工作報告。

在第十一屆全國人民代表大會第三次會議上的政府工作報告 國務院總理溫家寶

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT--Delivered at the Third Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2010 Wen Jiabao——Premier of the State Council

各位代表，Fellow Deputies, 現在，我代表國務院向大會作政府工作報告，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also invite the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)to provide comments and suggestions.一、2009年工作回顧

I.Review of Work in 2009 2009年是新世紀以來我國經濟發展最為困難的一年。去年這個時候，國際金融危機還在擴散蔓延，世界經濟深度衰退，我國經濟受到嚴重沖擊，出口大幅下降，不少企業經營困難，有的甚至停產倒閉，失業人員大量增加，農民工大批返鄉，經濟增速陡然下滑。在異常困難的情況下，全國各族人民在中國共產黨的堅強領導下，堅定信心，迎難而上，頑強拼搏，從容應對國際金融危機沖擊，在世界率先實現經濟回升向好，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得新的重大成就。國內生產總值達到33.5萬億元，比上年增長8.7%；財政收入6.85萬億元，增長11.7%；糧食產量5.31億噸，再創歷史新高，實現連續6年增產；城鎮新增就業1102萬人；城鎮居民人均可支配收入17175元，農村居民人均純收入5153元，實際增長9.8%和8.5%。我國在全面建設小康社會道路上又邁出堅實的一步。實踐再次證明，任何艱難險阻都擋不住中華民族偉大復興的歷史進程。

The year 2009 was the most difficult year for our country's economic development since the beginning of the new century.This time last year the global financial crisis was still spreading, and the world economy was in a deep recession.Our economy was severely affected;our exports decreased significantly;a large number of enterprises had operating difficulties, and some even suspended production or closed down;the number of unemployed people increased significantly;many migrant workers had to return to their home villages;and the pace of our economic growth suddenly slowed down.In these unusually difficult circumstances, the people of all our ethnic groups fortified their confidence, tackled difficulties head on, worked tenaciously, and responded calmly to the impact of the global financial crisis under the firm leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC).Our economy was the first in the world to have made a turnaround, and we made major new achievements in reform and opening up as well as socialist modernization.GDP reached 33.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.7% over the previous year(here and below).Fiscal revenue was 6.85 trillion yuan, up 11.7%.Grain production was 531 million tons, a new record and an increase for the sixth consecutive year.A total of 11.02 million urban jobs were created.The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 17,175 yuan, and the net per capita income of rural residents was 5,153 yuan, up 9.8% and 8.5% respectively in real terms.We took another steady step along the path of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Events again proved that no difficulties or obstacles can impede the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.過去的一年，極不平凡，令人振奮。我們隆重慶祝新中國成立60周年。撫今追昔，偉大祖國的輝煌成就極大地激發了全國人民的自信心和自豪感，極大地增強了中華民族的向心力和凝聚力，極大地提升了我國的國際地位和影響力，必將激勵我們在中國特色社會主義道路上繼續奮勇前進。

The past year was truly extraordinary and inspiring.We held a grand celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China.The outstanding achievements we made in that time have greatly boosted the confidence and pride of the people, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and raised China's international standing and influence.All this definitely encourages us to continue to forge ahead on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.一年來，我們主要做了以下工作：

Over the last year, we mainly undertook the following work.（一）加強和改善宏觀調控，促進經濟平穩較快發展。我們實行積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，全面實施并不斷完善應對國際金融危機的一攬子計劃。大規模增加財政支出和實行結構性減稅，保持貨幣信貸快速增長，提高貨幣政策的可持續性，擴大直接融資規模，滿足經濟社會發展的資金需求，有效擴大了內需，很快扭轉了經濟增速下滑趨勢。1.Strengthening and improving macro-control and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We carried out a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We comprehensively implemented and constantly improved the package plan for addressing the global financial crisis.We significantly increased government spending, implemented structural tax reductions, rapidly increased supplies of money and credit, made our monetary policy more sustainable, and increased the amount of direct financing.We thus ensured funding for economic and social development, effectively boosted domestic demand, and quickly reversed the slowdown in economic growth.著力擴大居民消費。我們鼓勵消費的政策領域之寬、力度之大、受惠面之廣前所未有。中央財政投入資金450億元，補貼家電汽車摩托車下鄉、汽車家電以舊換新和農機具購置。減半征收小排量汽車購置稅，減免住房交易相關稅收，支持自住性住房消費。全年汽車銷售1364萬輛，增長46.2%；商品房銷售9.37億平方米，增長42.1%；社會消費品零售總額實際增長16.9%，消費對經濟增長的拉動作用明顯增強。

We vigorously expanded consumer spending.Our policies to encourage consumption covered more areas, were stronger and benefited more people than ever before.The central government provided 45 billion yuan in subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and motor vehicles, including motorbikes.Part of the subsidies also supported trading-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We halved the purchase tax on small-displacement automobiles.We reduced or exempted taxes on buying and selling homes to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences.Throughout the year 13.64 million motor vehicles were sold, an increase of 46.2%;commodity housing sales amounted to 937 million square meters, up 42.1%;and total retail sales of consumer goods increased 16.9% in real terms: Consumption played a much bigger role in fueling economic growth.促進投資快速增長。我們發揮政府投資“四兩撥千斤”的作用，引導帶動社會投資。實施兩年新增4萬億元的投資計劃。2009年中央政府公共投資9243億元，比上年預算增加5038億元，其中，保障性住房、農村民生工程、社會事業投資占44%，自主創新、結構調整、節能減排和生態建設占16%，重大基礎設施建設占23%，災后恢復重建占14%。全社會固定資產投資增長30.1%，投資結構進一步優化。投資快速增長有效彌補了外需下降的缺口，加強了薄弱環節，為經濟社會長遠發展奠定了堅實的基礎。

We promoted rapid growth in investment.We guided and stimulated non-government investment by means of well-leveraged government investment.We implemented a plan to invest an additional 4 trillion yuan over two years.In 2009, the central government's public investment was 924.3 billion yuan, 503.8 billion yuan more than in the previous year's budget.Of this, 44% was invested in.low-income housing, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs;16% in independent innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions, and ecological improvement;23% in major infrastructure projects;and 14% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Fixed asset investment increased.30.1% nationwide.We further improved the investment structure.Rapid investment growth effectively compensated for the shortfall created by shrinking external demand, strengthened weak links, and laid a solid foundation for long-term economic and social development

我們加快推進汶川地震災后恢復重建，重災區已完成投資6545億元，占規劃總投資的65.5%。國家的大力支持，全國人民的無私援助，災區群眾的艱苦奮斗，使遭受重大創傷的災區呈現出嶄新面貌。一座座新城拔地而起，一個個村莊煥發出蓬勃生機。這充分體現了中華民族的無疆大愛，有力彰顯了社會主義制度的無比優越。

We accelerated the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work.We have already invested 654.5 billion yuan, 65.5% of the total planned investment, in the worst hit areas.Thanks to the government's strong support, the selfless assistance of people throughout the country, and the hard work of residents of the earthquake area, the badly damaged areas have taken on a brand-new appearance, with new towns rising straight out of the ground, and villages brimming with vitality.All this fully reflects the boundless love of the Chinese nation and powerfully demonstrates the incomparable superiority of the socialist system.（二）大力調整經濟結構，夯實長遠發展基礎。我們把保增長與調結構緊密結合起來，加快解決制約經濟發展的結構性矛盾。

2.Vigorously carrying out economic restructuring, and shoring up the foundation for long-term development.We closely integrated sustaining economic growth with economic restructuring, and moved more quickly to resolve structural problems limiting economic development.“三農”工作進一步加強。中央財政用于“三農”的支出7253億元，增長21.8%。大幅度提高糧食最低收購價。啟動實施全國新增千億斤糧食生產能力建設規劃。繼續改善農村生產生活條件，農村飲水安全工程使6069萬農民受益，新增510萬沼氣用戶，新建和改造農村公路38萬公里、農村電網線路26.6萬公里，又有80萬戶農村危房得到改造，9.2萬戶游牧民實現了定居。我們加大扶貧力度，貧困地區的生產生活條件得到明顯改善。

We further strengthened the work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.The central government used 725.3 billion yuan to support agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, an increase of 21.8%.We raised the minimum grain purchase prices by a large margin.We began implementation of 'the plan to increase grain production capacity by 50 million tons nationwide.We continued to improve living and working conditions in rural areas.We implemented rural drinking water safety projects that benefited 60.69 million people, increased the number of methane gas users by 5.1.million, built and upgraded 380,000 kilometers of roads and 266,000 kilometers of electric power lines and renovated 800,000 dilapidated houses in the countryside, and helped build permanent housing for 92,000 nomadic families.We also intensified our efforts to fight poverty.As a result, working and living conditions notably improved in poverty-stricken areas.產業結構調整力度加大。制定并實施十大重點產業調整振興規劃。鼓勵企業加快技術改造，安排200億元技改專項資金支持4441個技改項目。重點行業兼并重組取得新進展。下大力氣抑制部分行業產能過剩和重復建設，關停小火電機組2617萬千瓦，淘汰落后的煉鋼產能1691萬噸、煉鐵產能2113萬噸、水泥產能7416萬噸、焦炭產能1809萬噸。加快實施國家科技重大專項，中央財政用于科技的支出1512億元，增長30%。積極支持自主創新產品推廣應用，清潔能源、第三代移動通信等一批新興產業快速發展。大力加強基礎設施建設，新建鐵路投入運營5557公里，高速公路新建通車4719公里，城市軌道交通建設加快，新建、改擴建民用機場35個；新增發電裝機8970萬千瓦，西氣東輸二線西段工程實現供氣，南水北調工程建設加快推進，6183座病險水庫除險加固工程開工建設。

We intensified industrial restructuring.We formulated and implemented a plan for restructuring and invigorating ten key industries.We encouraged enterprises to accelerate technological upgrading, and provided 20 billion yuan to support 4,441 technological upgrading projects.Further progress was made in mergers and reorganization in key industries.We made great efforts to restrict excess production capacity and redundant development in some industries.We closed down 26.17 million kilowatts of small thermal power stations, and eliminated backward facilities with total production tons in the steelmaking industry, 21.13 million tons in the iron-smelting 74.16 million tons in the cement industry, and 18.09 million tons in the coke industry.We accelerated the implementation of major national science and technology projects，and spent 151.2 billion yuan of central government funds on science and technology, an increase of 30%.We vigorously supported the widespread use of domestically innovated products, and the development of emerging industries such as clean energy and third-generation mobile communications.We vigorously strengthened infrastructure development;put 5,557 kilometers of newly built railway lines into operation;opened 4,719 kilometers of new expressways to traffic, accelerated urban rail development;and built, renovated or expanded 35 civil airports.We increased the installed power-generating capacity by 89.7 million kilowatts, began supplying gas through the western section of the second line of the project for shipping natural gas from west to east, accelerated construction on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and began reinforcing 6,183 dangerous reservoirs.節能減排和環境保護扎實推進。安排預算內資金，支持重點節能工程、循環經濟等項目2983個；實施節能產品惠民工程，推廣節能空調500多萬臺、高效照明燈具1.5億只。繼續推進林業重點生態工程建設，完成造林8827萬畝，森林覆蓋率達到20.36%。綜合治理水土流失面積4.8萬平方公里。加強“三河三湖”等重點流域水污染防治和工業廢水廢氣廢渣治理。“十一五”前四年累計單位國內生產總值能耗下降14.38%，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別下降9.66%和13.14%。積極開展應對氣候變化工作，明確提出2020年我國控制溫室氣體排放行動目標和政策措施。氣象預報預警和地震監測工作得到加強，災害防御能力不斷提升。We made solid progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions and protecting the environment.We supported 2,983 key energy conservation and recycling projects through budgetary investment.We implemented a project to promote energy-efficient products for the benefit of the people, putting into use more than 5 million energy-saving air-conditioners and 150 million energy-efficient light bulbs.We continued to develop key ecological projects in the forestry industry, and completed the afforestation of 5.88 million hectares, thereby raising the percentage of land covered by forest to 20.36%.Through combined measures, we brought soil erosion on 48,000 square kilometers of land under control.We strengthened the prevention and treatment of water pollution in the key watersheds of the Huai, Hai, and Liao rivers and Tai, Chao, and Dianchi lakes, and improved the control of wastewater, gases and residues from industry.Over the first four years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 14.38%，and chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions decreased 9.66% and 13.14% respectively.We made vigorous efforts to respond to climate change, and set forth our country's targets, policies and measures for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.We improved our weather forecasting and early warning;as well as earthquake monitoring, and constantly improved our disaster prevention and protection capabilities.區域協調發展邁出新步伐。深入實施區域發展總體戰略，制定若干區域發展重大規劃和政策。中西部和東北地區加快開放開發，積極承接產業轉移，發展基礎不斷夯實；東部地區加快結構和自主創新，經濟發展活力增強。區域發展呈現布局改善、結構優化、協調性提高的良好態勢。

We took new steps in balancing development between regions.We thoroughly implemented the overall strategy for regional development;and formulated several major regional development plans and policies.The central and western regions and northeast China accelerated opening up and development, welcomed industries relocated from other parts of the country, and continuously strengthened their foundation for development.The eastern region accelerated restructuring and independent innovation, and the vitality of its economic development increased.A favorable situation emerged in which regional development was better distributed, structured and coordinated.（三）堅持深化改革開放，不斷完善有利于科學發展的體制機制。我們把深化改革開放作為應對國際金融危機的強大動力，努力消除體制障礙，不斷提高對外開放水平。

3.Steadfastly deepening reform and opening up, and constantly improving institutions and mechanisms conducive to developing scientifically.We deepened reform and opening up to respond more powerfully to the global financial crisis, worked hard to remove institutional obstacles and continued to open wider to the outside world.重點領域和關鍵環節改革加快推進。增值稅轉型全面實施。成品油價格和稅費改革順利推進，新的成品油價格形成機制規范運行。國家開發銀行商業化轉型和農業銀行股份制改革扎實推進，跨境貿易人民幣結算試點啟動實施。創業板正式推出，為自主創新及其他成長型創業企業開辟了新的融資渠道。地方政府機構改革有序開展，事業單位分類改革試點穩步進行。集體林權制度改革全面推開，15億畝林地確權到戶，占全國集體林地面積的60%，這是繼土地家庭承包之后我國農村經營制度的又一重大變革。

We accelerated reform in key areas and links.We comprehensively carried out VAT reform.The reform of the prices of refined oil products and taxes and fees on them was implemented smoothly, and a new mechanism for pricing them worked well.We made solid progress in commercializing the China Development Bank and introducing the joint stock system in the Agricultural Bank of China, and launched a pilot project to use the renminbi as the settlement currency for cross-border trade.The ChiNext stock market was officially launched, which opened a new financing channel for enterprises based on independent innovation and other growth enterprises.We proceeded with the reform of local government departments in an orderly manner, and steadily carried out a trial of reforming institutions by type.We comprehensively launched the reform of tenure in collective forests.We devolved tenure in 100 million hectares of forest land to rural households, equaling 60% of the country's total area of collective forests.This is another major reform of China's rural operation system, and follows in the footsteps of the household land contract responsibility system.開放型經濟水平不斷提高。出臺一系列穩定外需的政策措施，采取符合國際慣例的方式支持出口企業，完成短期出口信用保險承保900億美元，安排421億美元大型成套設備出口融資保險。鼓勵增加進口。去年下半年開始進出口降幅明顯收窄，國際市場份額得到鞏固，全年進出口總額2.2萬億美元。扭轉利用外資下降局面，全年實際利用外商直接投資900億美元。企業“走出去”逆勢上揚，非金融類對外直接投資和對外工程承包營業額分別達433億美元和777億美元。積極參與國際宏觀經濟政策對話協調和經貿金融合作，在共同應對國際金融危機中發揮了建設性作用。

We constantly raised the level of the open economy.We introduced policies and measures to stabilize foreign demand, adopted methods that conform to international practices to support export companies, completed the issuance of short-term export credit insurance worth US$ 90 billion, and arranged $42.1 billion of export financing insurance for complete sets of large equipment.We encouraged increases in imports: Since the second half of last year;falls in imports and exports have clearly eased, and we have consolidated our share of international markets.Last year imports and exports totaled $2.2 trillion.We reversed the decline in utilized foreign investment, and actual utilized foreign direct investment amounted to $90 billion for the entire year.More enterprises “went global” in spite of the adverse situation;non-financial outward direct investment amounted to $43.3 billion, and receipts from overseas project contracting operations reached $77.7 billion.We actively participated in international macroeconomic policy dialogue and coordination as well as economic, trade and financial cooperation, and played a constructive role in the joint response to the global financial crisis.（四）著力改善民生，加快發展社會事業。在應對國際金融危機的困難情況下，我們更加注重保障和改善民生，切實解決人民群眾最關心、最直接、最現實的利益問題。

4.Striving to improve people's wellbeing and accelerating the development of social programs.In the difficult circumstances of responding to the global financial crisis, we gave greater priority to ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and effectively solved the most practical problems of the greatest and most direct concern to the people.實施更加積極的就業政策。強化政府促進就業的責任。中央財政安排就業專項資金426億元，比上年增長59%。實施困難企業緩繳社會保險費或降低部分費率、再就業稅收減免及提供相關補貼等政策，鼓勵企業穩定和增加就業。開展系列就業服務活動，多渠道開辟公益性就業崗位，促進高校畢業生到基層就業、應征入伍和到企事業單位就業見習。全年組織2100萬城鄉勞動者參加職業培訓。這些措施促進了就業的基本穩定。

We implemented a more active employment policy.We increased the responsibility of the government for stimulating employment.The central government allocated 42.6 billion yuan in special employment funds, an increase of 59%.For distressed enterprises, we postponed and in some cases reduced their payment of social security contributions.We also reduced or exempted reemployment tax and provided related subsidies to encourage enterprises to maintain or increase their levels of employment.We launched a series of employment service activities, created public-service jobs through multiple channels, and encouraged college graduates to take jobs at the primary level, enlist in the army, or join enterprises and institutions as interns.We provided job training for 21 million urban and rural workers.These measures helped bring about basic employment stability.加快完善社會保障體系。普遍建立養老保險省級統籌制度，出臺包括農民工在內的城鎮企業職工養老保險關系轉移接續辦法。在320個縣開展新型農村社會養老保險試點，推動我國社會保障制度建設邁出歷史性步伐。中央財政安排社會保障資金2906億元，比上年增長16.6%。企業退休人員基本養老金連續5年增加，去年又人均提高10%。農村五保戶供養水平、優撫對象撫恤補助標準、城鄉低保對象保障水平都有新的提高。中央財政安排保障性安居工程補助資金551億元，比上年增長2倍。新建、改擴建各類保障性住房200萬套，棚戶區改造解決住房130萬套。全國社會保障基金積累6927億元，比上年增長44.2%。社會保障體系得到加強。

We accelerated improvements in the social security system.We established a nationwide pension planning system at the provincial level, and introduced a method for transferring pension accounts for workers of urban enterprises, some of whom are rural migrant workers.We launched a pilot project for a new rural pension insurance system in 320 counties-a historic step forward in the development of China's social security system.The central government allocated 290.6 billion yuan in social security funds, an increase of 16.6%.Pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the fifth consecutive year and registered another 10% rise per person.We provided better care for childless and infirm rural residents receiving guarantees of food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses.We increased subsidies for entitled groups and subsistence allowances for both urban and rural recipients.The central government used 55.1 billion yuan to develop low-income housing projects, a two-fold increase over the previous year.We built, renovated or expanded 2 million low-income housing units of various types, and renovated or built 1:3 million housing units in run-down areas.Nationwide, social security funds reached 692.'7 billion yuan, an increase of 44.2%.We strengthened the social security system.進一步促進教育公平。大幅度增加全國教育支出，其中中央財政支出1981億元，比上年增長23.6%。全面落實城鄉義務教育政策，中央下達農村義務教育經費666億元，提前一年實現農村中小學生人均公用經費500元和300元的目標。實行義務教育階段教師績效工資制度。中等職業學校農村家庭經濟困難學生和涉農專業學生免學費政策開始實施。國家助學制度不斷完善，資助學生2871萬人，基本保障了困難家庭的孩子不因貧困而失學。

We made education more equitable.We increased education spending nationwide significantly, including central government spending of 198.1 billion yuan, an increase of 23.6%.We comprehensively implemented the urban and rural compulsory education policy, spent 66.6 billion yuan of central government funds on rural compulsory education, and reached the target of raising public spending for rural secondary and primary school students to an average of 500 yuan and 300 yuan per student respectively a year ahead of schedule.We implemented a performance-based pay system for compulsory education teachers.We started to implement the policy of free tuition for rural students attending secondary vocational schools whose families have financial difficulties and students in such schools who are studying agriculture-related majors.We constantly improved the national student financial aid system;which benefited 28.71 million students and basically ensured that no children from poor families were denied schooling due to financial difficulties.穩步推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展。組織實施醫藥衛生體制改革。中央財政醫療衛生支出1277億元，比上年增長49.5%。城鎮職工和城鎮居民基本醫療保險參保4.01億人，新型農村合作醫療制度覆蓋8.3億人。中央財政安排429億元，解決關閉破產國有企業退休人員醫療保險問題。基本藥物制度在30％的基層醫療衛生機構實施。中央財政支持建設了一批縣級醫院、鄉鎮中心衛生院和社區衛生服務中心。啟動實施擴大乙肝疫苗接種等重大公共衛生服務專項。加強食品、藥品安全專項整治。面對突如其來的甲型HlN1流感疫情，我們依法科學有序地開展防控工作，有效保障了人民群眾生命安全，維護了社會正常秩序。

We made steady progress in the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields.We organized the implementation of the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems.The central government spent 127.7 billion yuan on medical and health care, an increase of 49.5%.A total of 401 million urban workers and non-working urban residents subscribed to basic medical insurance;and coverage of the new type of rural cooperative medical care system reached $30 million people.The central government allocated 42.9 billion yuan to solve the problem of medical insurance for retired workers from closed and bankrupt state-owned enterprises.The basic drug system has been implemented in 30% of primary-level medical and health care institutions.Central government funds were used to support the construction of a number of county-level hospitals, town and township central hospitals, and community health service centers.We launched major public health service projects, including one to increase vaccinations against hepatitis B.We intensified special campaigns for food and drug safety.Faced with the sudden outbreak of influenza A(H1N1), we carried out scientific and orderly prevention and control work in accordance with the law, and thereby effectively protected people's lives and maintained normal order in society.在國際金融危機嚴重沖擊、世界經濟負增長的背景下，我國取得這樣的成績極為不易。這是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央統攬全局、正確領導的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民和衷共濟、團結奮斗的結果。在這里，我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯的感謝！

It was not at all easy for our country to make all these achievements against the backdrop of the severe impact of the global financial crisis and the negative growth of the world economy: They were the result of the overall planning and correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary as well as the concerted and strenuous efforts of the whole Party, the entire army, and the people of all of our ethnic groups.On behalf of the Mate Council, I hereby express our sincere gratitude to the people of all of our ethnic groups and to the democratic parties, mass organizations, and people from all sectors of society.I also express our sincere thanks to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas, as well as to foreign governments, international organizations, and friends in other countries that take an interest in and support China's modernization.一年來，我們認真貫徹落實科學發展觀，積極應對國際金融危機，全面做好政府工作，有以下幾點體會：必須堅持運用市場機制和宏觀調控兩種手段，在堅持市場經濟改革方向、發揮市場配置資源基礎性作用、激發市場活力的同時，充分發揮我國社會主義制度決策高效、組織有力、集中力量辦大事的優勢。必須堅持處理好短期和長期兩方面關系，注重遠近結合、標本兼治，既克服短期困難、解決突出矛盾，又加強重點領域和薄弱環節、為長遠發展奠定基礎。必須堅持統籌國內國際兩個大局，把擴大內需作為長期戰略方針，堅定不移地實行互利共贏的開放戰略，加快形成內需外需協調拉動經濟增長的格局。必須堅持發展經濟與改善民生、維護社會公平正義的內在統一，圍繞改善民生謀發展，把改善民生作為經濟發展的出發點、落腳點和持久動力，著眼維護公平正義，讓全體人民共享改革發展成果，促進社會和諧穩定。必須堅持發揮中央和地方兩個積極性，既強調統一思想、顧全大局，又鼓勵因地制宜、探索創新，形成共克時艱的強大合力。這些經驗對我們堅持中國特色社會主義道路，提高駕馭社會主義市場經濟能力，推進現代化進程，具有重要而深遠的意義。

In the course of the past year, as we conscientiously applied the Scientific Outlook on Development;vigorously responded to the global financial crisis and completed all of our government work, we came to the following conclusions: We must continue to make use of both market mechanisms and macro-control, that is, at the same time as we keep our reforms oriented toward a market economy, let market forces play their basic role in allocating resources, and stimulate the market's vitality, we must make best use of the socialist system's advantages, which enable us to make decisions efficiently, organize effectively, and concentrate resources to accomplish large undertakings.We must balance long-and short-term interests, take into account long-and short-term needs, and address both the symptoms and root causes of problems.We must overcome short-term difficulties and solve major problems as well as strengthen key areas and weak links in order to lay a foundation for long-term development.We must continue to consider domestic and international situations, make it a long-term strategic policy to boost domestic demand, adhere to the win-win strategy of opening up, and quickly formulate a pattern in which domestic demand and foreign demand drive economic growth in concert.We must always remember that developing the economy is inseparable from improving people's wellbeing and safeguarding social fairness and justice;make improving people's wellbeing the focus of development, and the starting point, goal, and lasting driving force of economic development;strive to safeguard fairness and justice;ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development;and promote social harmony and stability.We must give free rein to the initiative of both the central and local authorities.While stressing unity of thinking and keeping overall interests in mind, we also need to encourage everyone to proceed in light of local conditions and make explorations and innovations, in order to form a powerful, concerted force for overcoming present difficulties.All of these experiences are of vital and profound significance for keeping to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, improving our ability to run the socialist market economy, and pushing ahead the process of modernization.二、2010年主要任務 II.Main Tasks for 2010

今年是繼續應對國際金融危機、保持經濟平穩較快發展、加快轉變經濟發展方式的關鍵一年，是全面實現“十一五”規劃目標、為“十二五”發展打好基礎的重要一年。

This is a crucial year for continuing to deal with the global financial crisis, maintaining steady and rapid economic development, and accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development.It is also an important year for achieving all the targets of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and laying a solid foundation for development on the basis of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.今年發展環境雖然有可能好于去年，但是面臨的形勢極為復雜。各種積極變化和不利影響此長彼消，短期問題和長期矛盾相互交織，國內因素和國際因素相互影響，經濟社會發展中“兩難”問題增多。從國際看，世界經濟有望恢復性增長，國際金融市場漸趨穩定，經濟全球化深入發展的大趨勢沒有改變，世界經濟格局大變革、大調整孕育著新的發展機遇。同時，世界經濟復蘇的基礎仍然脆弱，金融領域風險沒有完全消除，各國刺激政策退出抉擇艱難，國際大宗商品價格和主要貨幣匯率可能加劇波動，貿易保護主義明顯抬頭，加上氣候變化、糧食安全、能源資源等全球性問題錯綜復雜，外部環境不穩定、不確定因素依然很多。從國內看，我國仍處在重要戰略機遇期。經濟回升向好的基礎進一步鞏固，市場信心增強，擴大內需和改善民生的政策效應繼續顯現，企業適應市場變化的能力和競爭力不斷提高。但是，經濟社會發展中仍然存在一些突出矛盾和問題。經濟增長內生動力不足，自主創新能力不強，部分行業產能過剩矛盾突出，結構調整難度加大；就業壓力總體上持續增加和結構性用工短缺的矛盾并存；農業穩定發展和農民持續增收的基礎不穩固；財政金融領域潛在風險增加；醫療、教育、住房、收入分配、社會管理等方面的突出問題亟待解決。我們必須全面、正確判斷形勢，決不能把經濟回升向好的趨勢等同于經濟運行根本好轉。要增強憂患意識，充分利用有利條件和積極因素，努力化解矛盾，更加周密地做好應對各種風險和挑戰的準備，牢牢把握工作的主動權。

Although this year's development environment may be better than last year’s, we still face a very complex situation.Some positive changes and negative influences are growing while others are diminishing.Short-term and long-term problems are interwoven, domestic and international factors mutually affect each other, and the dilemmas facing economic and social development are increasing.Internationally, the global economy will hopefully turn around.International financial markets are stabilizing, and the overall trend toward increased economic globalization has not changed.Considerable changes and adjustments in the world economic structure will bring new development opportunities.At the same time, many destabilizing factors and uncertainties remain in our external environment.The foundation for global economic recovery remains weak;financial risks have not been completely eliminated;individual countries face difficult choices in phasing out their stimulus policies;larger fluctuations may occur in the prices of major commodities and exchange rates among the major currencies;trade protectionism is clearly reasserting itself;and global problems such as climate change, food security and energy and resource supplies remain complex.Domestically, our country is still in an important period of strategic opportunities.The foundation for economic turnaround is becoming stronger, market confidence has increased, the policy we adopted to boost domestic demand and improve people's wellbeing continues to show results, and enterprises are constantly becoming more competitive and better able to adapt to market changes.Nevertheless, there are still some serious problems affecting economic and social development.There is insufficient internal impetus driving economic growth;our independent innovation capability is not strong;there is still considerable excess production capacity in some industries and it is becoming more difficult to restructure them;while the pressure on employment is constantly growing overall, there is a structural shortage of labor;the foundation for keeping agricultural production and farmers' incomes growing steadily is weak;latent risks in the banking and public finance sectors are increasing;and major problems in the areas of healthcare, education, housing, income distribution and public administration urgently require solutions.We must make a comprehensive and correct judgment of the situation, and we must not interpret the economic turnaround as a fundamental improvement in the economic situation.We need to strengthen our awareness of potential dangers, make full use of favorable conditions and positive factors, strive to resolve problems, make even more thorough preparations to deal with risks and challenges of all kinds, and firmly keep the initiative in our work.做好今年的政府工作，要認真貫徹黨的十七大和十七屆三中、四中全會精神，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，著力搞好宏觀調控和保持經濟平穩較快發展，著力加快經濟發展方式轉變和經濟結構調整，著力推進改革開放和自主創新，著力改善民生和促進社會和諧穩定，全面推進社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設以及生態文明建設，加快全面建設小康社會進程，努力實現經濟社會又好又快發展。To do a good job of our government work this year, we need to conscientiously implement the guiding principles of the Seventeenth National Party Congress and the third and fourth plenary sessions of the Seventeenth Central ommittee;take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide;thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development;strive to apply macro-control appropriately and maintain steady and rapid economic development;work hard to accelerate economic restructuring and the transformation of the pattern of economic development;press ahead with reform and opening up and with independent innovation;strive to improve people's wellbeing and to promote social harmony and stability;make headway with our efforts to encourage socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological development;pick up the pace of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects;and work hard to achieve sound, rapid economic and social development.今年經濟社會發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長8％左右；城鎮新增就業900萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率控制在4.6％以內；居民消費價格漲幅3％左右；國際收支狀況改善。這里要著重說明，提出國內生產總值增長8％左右，主要是強調好字當頭，引導各方面把工作重點放到轉變經濟發展方式、調整經濟結構上來。提出居民消費價格漲幅3％左右，綜合考慮了去年價格變動的翹尾因素、國際大宗商品價格的傳導效應、國內貨幣信貸增長的滯后影響以及居民的承受能力，并為資源環境稅費和資源性產品價格改革留有一定空間。This year the main targets we have set for economic and social development are: increasing GDP by approximately 8%, creating jobs for more than 9 million people entering the urban workforce, keeping the urban registered unemployment rate no higher than 4.6%, holding the rise in consumer prices to around 3%, and improving the balance of payments.Here I would like to stress that in targeting a GDP increase of around 8%, we are emphasizing sound development, and we need to guide all sectors to focus on transforming the pattern of economic development and restructuring the economy in their work.By targeting an increase in consumer prices of around 3%, we are giving full consideration to the carry-over effects of last year's price changes, the reverberations caused by price changes for major international commodities, the continued impact of increases in domestic supplies of money and credit;and consumers' ability to bear price increases, while also leaving room for reform in resource and environment taxes and fees and in the pricing of resource products.今年要重點抓好八個方面工作：

This year we will focus on the following eight areas.（一）提高宏觀調控水平，保持經濟平穩較快發展

1.Exercising better macro-control and maintaining steady and rapid economic development

要繼續實施積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，保持政策的連續性和穩定性，根據新形勢新情況不斷提高政策的針對性和靈活性，把握好政策實施的力度、節奏和重點。處理好保持經濟平穩較快發展、調整經濟結構和管理好通脹預期的關系。既要保持足夠的政策力度、鞏固經濟回升向好的勢頭，又要加快經濟結構調整、推動經濟發展方式轉變取得實質性進展，還要管理好通脹預期、穩定物價總水平。

We need to continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We need to maintain continuity and stability in our policies while constantly making them better-targeted and more flexible as circumstances and conditions change, and keep a good grasp of the intensity, pace and focus of their implementation.We need to skillfully handle the relationship between maintaining steady and rapid economic development, restructuring the economy and managing inflation expectations.We not only need to maintain sufficient policy intensity and consolidate the momentum of the economic turnaround, but we also need to accelerate economic restructuring and make substantive progress in transforming the pattern of economic development.In addition, we need to manage inflation expectations well and keep the overall level of prices stable.繼續實施積極的財政政策。

We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy.一是保持適度的財政赤字和國債規模。今年擬安排財政赤字10500億元，其中中央財政赤字8500億元，繼續代發地方債2000億元并納入地方財政預算。這樣的安排主要是考慮到今年財政收支矛盾仍然十分突出。從財政收入看，上一年一次性特殊增收措施沒有或減少了，還要繼續實施結構性減稅政策，財政收入增長不會太快；從財政支出看，繼續實施應對國際金融危機的一攬子計劃，完成在建項目、加強薄弱環節、推進改革、改善民生、維護穩定等都需要增加投入。First, we will keep the deficit and government bonds at appropriate levels.This year, we have projected a deficit of 1.05 trillion yuan, which consists of 850 billion yuan in central government deficit and 200 billion yuan in local government bonds, which will be included in local government budgets.These arrangements are based mainly on the consideration that this year revenue will fall significantly short of expenditures.Regarding revenue, last year's one-off measures to increase revenue will either not be repeated or will be decreased.We also need to continue to implement the policy of structural tax reductions;consequently, revenue will not increase very quickly.Regarding expenditures, we will continue to implement the package plan for dealing with the global financial crisis, and increase spending to complete work on projects now under construction, strengthen weak links, carry forward reform, improve people's wellbeing and maintain stability.二是繼續實施結構性減稅政策，促進擴大內需和經濟結構調整。

Second, we will continue to implement the structural tax reduction policy to expand domestic demand and promote economic restructuring.三是優化財政支出結構，有保有壓，把錢花在刀刃上。繼續向“三農”、民生、社會事業等領域傾斜，支持節能環保、自主創新和欠發達地區的建設。嚴格控制一般性支出，大力壓縮公用經費。

Third, we will improve the structure of expenditures, maintain expenditures in some areas while reducing them in others, and spend our money where it counts the most.We will continue to give preference to agriculture, farmers, and rural areas, and to improving people's wellbeing and developing social programs.We will support energy conservation, environmental protection, independent innovation, and development in underdeveloped areas.We will strictly control regular expenditures, and do all we can to reduce public spending.四是切實加強政府性債務管理，增強內外部約束力，有效防范和化解潛在財政風險。同時，要依法加強稅收征管和非稅收入管理，嚴厲打擊偷騙稅行為，做到應收盡收。

Fourth, we will effectively improve government debt management, strengthen internal and external restraints, and effectively guard against and fend off latent public finance risks.In addition, we need to strengthen tax collection and supervision as well as supervision of non-tax revenue in accordance with the law, strictly crack down on tax fraud, and collect all due taxes.繼續實施適度寬松的貨幣政策。

We will continue to implement a moderately easy monetary policy.一是保持貨幣信貸合理充裕。今年廣義貨幣M2增長目標為17％左右，新增人民幣貸款7.5萬億元左右。這兩個指標雖然都低于去年實際執行結果，但仍然是一個適度寬松的政策目標，能夠滿足經濟社會發展的合理資金需求。同時也有利于管理好通脹預期、提高金融支持經濟發展的可持續性。

First, we will ensure that there are proper and sufficient supplies of money and credit.This year's target for expanding the broad money supply(M2)is around 17%, and we will increase the total quantity of renminbi loans by approximately 7.5 trillion yuan.Although both of these increases are less than the actual increases last year, they are still moderately easy policy goals, and they can satisfy reasonable financial demands of economic and social development.In addition, these goals are beneficial for managing inflation expectations and making financial support for economic development more sustainable.二是優化信貸結構。落實有保有控的信貸政策，加強對重點領域和薄弱環節的支持，有效緩解農戶和小企業融資難問題，嚴格控制對“兩高”行業和產能過剩行業的貸款。強化貸后管理，確保信貸資金支持實體經濟。

Second, we will improve the credit structure.We will implement a credit policy that guarantees credit in some areas and limits it in others;increase support for important areas and weak links;effectively alleviate the difficulties farmers and small businesses have in obtaining financing;and strictly control loans to industries that are energy-intensive, highly polluting or saddled with overcapacity.We will strengthen post-loan supervision and ensure that loans are used to support the real economy.三是積極擴大直接融資。完善多層次資本市場體系，擴大股權和債券融資規模，更好地滿足多樣化投融資需求。

Third, we will actively expand direct financing.We will improve the system of multilevel capital markets, increase financing by selling equities and issuing bonds, and better satisfy the diverse demand for investment and financing.四是加強風險管理，提高金融監管有效性。探索建立宏觀審慎管理制度，強化對跨境資本流動的有效監控，防范各類金融風險。繼續完善人民幣匯率形成機制，保持人民幣匯率在合理、均衡水平上的基本穩定。

Fourth, we will strengthen risk management and make financial oversight and supervision more effective.We will explore ways to establish a system of prudent macro management, strengthen the monitoring of the cross-border flow of capital, and guard against all kinds of financial risks.We will continue to improve the mechanism for setting the renminbi exchange rate and keep it basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.積極擴大居民消費需求。繼續提高農民收入、企業退休人員基本養老金、部分優撫對象待遇和城鄉居民最低生活保障水平，增強居民特別是中低收入者消費能力。鞏固擴大傳統消費，積極培育信息、旅游、文化、健身、培訓、養老、家庭服務等消費熱點，促進消費結構優化升級。擴大消費信貸。加強商貿流通體系等基礎設施建設，積極發展電子商務。整頓和規范市場秩序，努力營造便利、安全、放心的消費環境。繼續實施和完善鼓勵消費的各項政策措施。大幅提高家電下鄉產品最高限價，增加品種和型號，擴大補貼范圍，完善補貼標準和辦法，加強對中標企業的管理和考核，提高產品質量和服務水平；完善家電、汽車以舊換新和汽車、摩托車下鄉政策，小排量汽車購置稅按7.5％征收。我們一定要落實好這些政策措施，把好事辦好，真正讓廣大群眾得到實惠。

We will energetically expand consumer demand.We will continue to increase farmers' incomes, basic pensions of enterprise retirees, allowances to some entitled groups, subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents, and people's purchasing power, especially low-and middle-income earners.We will strengthen and expand traditional consumption, and promote the upgrading of the consumption structure by actively cultivating areas of high consumption, such as information, tourism, culture, fitness, training, services for the elderly and household services.We will increase consumer credit.We will strengthen infrastructure, such as the logistics system, and vigorously develop e-commerce.We will overhaul and standardize markets to create a convenient, safe and worry-free environment for consumers.We will continue to implement and improve all of our policies and measures for encouraging consumption.We will considerably raise the maximum price limits for home appliances sold, in the countryside, increase types of appliances and models eligible for subsidies, expand the scope of subsidies, improve the criteria for qualifying for subsidies and the way subsidies are granted, strengthen supervision and evaluation of enterprises that win bids for contracts, and raise the quality of products and services.We will improve the policies for getting consumers to trade-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and getting rural residents to buy motor vehicles, and set the purchase tax for small-displacement automobiles at 7.5%.We must implement these policies and measures, do meaningful work and do it well, and make sure the benefits reach the people.著力優化投資結構。各級政府投資都要集中力量保重點，嚴格控制新開工項目，資金安排主要用于項目續建和收尾，切實防止出現“半拉子”工程。扎實推進地震災區恢復重建，保質保量完成任務。鼓勵擴大民間投資，完善和落實促進民間投資的相關政策。加強和改進投資管理，嚴格執行用地、節能、環保、安全等市場準入標準和產業政策，切實防止重復建設。對有財政資金投入的建設項目，要加強全程監督，堅決避免以擴大內需為名，搞勞民傷財的形象工程和政績工程。堅持科學民主決策，確保公共投資真正用于推進經濟社會發展和改善人民生活，經得起實踐和歷史的檢驗。

We will strive to improve the investment structure.Government investment at all levels needs to be concentrated in the most important areas, and the launching of new projects must be strictly controlled.It should be used mainly for carrying on and completing projects, and we need to ensure that projects are not stopped midway.We will steadily move forward with the recovery and reconstruction of quake-hit areas, and make sure quality and quantity targets are met.We will encourage greater non-government investment, and improve and implement policies to achieve this goal.We will strengthen and improve the supervision of investment;strictly enforce market entry standards and industrial policies concerning land use, energy conservation, environmental protection, and safety;and effectively prevent redundant construction.For projects financed through the public treasury, relevant departments need to exercise oversight of the entire course of the project, and we must prevent the construction of image and vanity projects that waste manpower and money in the name of boosting domestic demand.We will adhere to scientific and democratic decision making, and ensure that public funds are spent on projects that promote economic and social development and improve people's lives and that will stand the test of practice and history.（二）加快轉變經濟發展方式，調整優化經濟結構

2.Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and adjusting and optimizing the economic structure

轉變經濟發展方式刻不容緩。要大力推動經濟進入創新驅動、內生增長的發展軌道。We urgently need to transform the pattern of economic development.We will work hard to put economic development onto the track of endogenous growth driven by innovation.繼續推進重點產業調整振興。

We will continue to promote restructuring and revitalization in key industries.一是加大技術改造力度。用好技改專項資金，引導企業開發新產品和節能降耗。

First, we will intensify technological upgrading.We will effectively use funds for technological upgrading to guide enterprises in developing new products, saving energy and reducing resource consumption.二是促進企業兼并重組。打破行業壟斷和地區封鎖，推動優勢企業兼并困難企業，加快淘汰落后產能。

Second, we will encourage mergers and reorganization of enterprises.We will break industry monopolies;remove regional blockades, support superior enterprises in acquiring ones in financial difficulties;and close down backward production facilities more quickly.三是全面提升產品質量。引導企業以品牌、標準、服務和效益為重點，健全質量管理體系，強化社會責任。切實加強市場監管和誠信體系建設，努力把我國產品質量提高到新水平。Third, we will comprehensively raise product quality.We will guide enterprises to improve their quality management systems;focusing on brands, standards, service, and performance, and to enhance their sense of social responsibility: We will effectively strengthen the market oversight and credibility systems, and strive to raise the quality of China's products to a new level.大力培育戰略性新興產業。國際金融危機正在催生新的科技革命和產業革命。發展戰略性新興產業，搶占經濟科技制高點，決定國家的未來，必須抓住機遇，明確重點，有所作為。要大力發展新能源、新材料、節能環保、生物醫藥、信息網絡和高端制造產業。積極推進新能源汽車、“三網”融合取得實質性進展，加快物聯網的研發應用。加大對戰略性新興產業的投入和政策支持。

We will foster emerging industries of strategic importance.The global financial crisis is hastening the birth of a new technological and industrial revolution.It is of decisive importance for the future of our country that we develop emerging industries of strategic importance and capture the economic, scientific and technological high ground;therefore, we must seize opportunities, identify priorities, and achieve results.We need to vigorously develop new energy sources, new materials, energy conservation, environmental protection, biomedicine, information networks, and high-end manufacturing industries.We will make substantive progress in developing motor vehicles powered by new energy sources and in integrating telecommunications networks, cable television networks, and the Internet, and accelerate R&D in and application of the Internet of Things.We will also increase investment in and policy support for emerging industries of strategic importance.進一步促進中小企業發展。

We will further promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.一是建立和完善中小企業服務體系。抓緊修訂中小企業劃分標準，加快中小企業公共服務平臺、信息服務網絡和小企業創業基地建設，進一步減少、簡化行政審批，堅決清理和取消不合理收費。First, we will set up a sound service system for small and medium-sized enterprises.We will promptly revise the criteria for classifying such enterprises, accelerate the development of a public service platform and an information service network for them and bases for small business startups, continue to reduce and streamline administrative examination and approval procedures, and resolutely sort out fees and eliminate unreasonable ones.二是繼續落實財政對中小企業支持政策。中央財政扶持中小企業發展專項資金安排106億元。對部分小型微利企業實行所得稅優惠政策。中央財政預算內技術改造專項投資要覆蓋中小企業，地方政府也要加大投入。

Second, we will continue to implement the policy of fiscal support for small and medium-sized enterprises.The central government will allocate 10.6 billion yuan to support their development.A preferential income tax policy for small enterprises with low profits will be implemented.Small and medium-sized enterprises will be eligible to receive money from special funds for technological upgrading in the central budget, and local governments should also increase investment in technological upgrading.三是加強對中小企業的金融支持。完善小企業信貸考核體系。鼓勵建立小企業貸款風險補償基金。中小企業貸款稅前全額撥備損失準備金。發展多層次中小企業信用擔保體系，落實好對符合條件的中小企業信用擔保機構免征營業稅、準備金提取和代償損失在稅前扣除的政策。拓寬中小企業融資渠道，切實解決中小企業特別是小企業融資難問題。

Third, we will provide better financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises.We will improve the credit assessment system for small enterprises, and encourage the establishment of a loan risk compensation fund for them.We will allow full tax deductions for loan loss reserves for loans to small and medium-sized enterprises.We will develop a multilevel system of credit guarantees for these enterprises, and implement the policy of exempting business tax for qualified credit guarantee agencies serving them and allow those agencies to exempt withdrawals from reserve funds and compensation for losses from taxation.We will expand channels for small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain financing in order to effectively solve their financing problems, especially those of small enterprises.加快發展服務業。進一步提高服務業發展水平和在國民經濟中的比重。大力發展金融、物流、信息、研發、工業設計、商務、節能環保服務等面向生產的服務業，促進服務業與現代制造業有機融合。大力發展市政公用事業、房地產和物業服務、社區服務等面向民生的服務業，加快發展旅游業，積極拓展新型服務領域。農村服務業基礎薄弱、發展潛力大，要加快構建和完善以生產銷售、科技信息和金融服務為主體的農村生產生活服務體系。加快建立公開平等規范的服務業準入制度，鼓勵社會資本進入。進一步完善促進服務業發展的政策，逐步實現國家鼓勵類服務業用電、用水、用氣、用熱與工業基本同價。

We will accelerate the development of the service sector.We will further raise the development level of the service sector and its proportion of the national economy.We will vigorously develop production-oriented service industries, including finance, logistics, information, R&D, industrial design, commerce, energy conservation, and environmental protection services, and promote the intimate integration of service industries with modern manufacturing industries.We will also develop public utilities, real estate, and property management services, community services and other service industries closely related to people's wellbeing.We will accelerate the development of tourism and expand new types of services.In view of the weak foundation and great potential of the service sector in rural areas, we need to accelerate the establishment of a sound system of rural workplace and consumer services, mainly revolving around production, sales, scientific and technological information, and financial services.We will speed up the establishment of an open, fair, and standardized system for licensing service providers and encourage the participation of non-government capital.We will further improve policies for promoting development in the service sector, and gradually lower the electricity, water, gas, and heat rates for service industries encouraged by the state to the same levels charged to industrial enterprises.打好節能減排攻堅戰和持久戰。

We will strive to conserve energy and reduce emissions.一要以工業、交通、建筑為重點，大力推進節能，提高能源效率。扎實推進十大重點節能工程、千家企業節能行動和節能產品惠民工程，形成全社會節能的良好風尚。今年要新增8000萬噸標準煤的節能能力。所有新建、改建、擴建燃煤機組必須同步建成并運行煙氣脫硫設施。First, we will energetically promote energy conservation and raise the efficiency of energy consumption, especially in industry, transportation, and construction.We will make solid progress in the ten major energy conservation projects, the campaign to save energy in 1,000 enterprises, and the project to promote energy-efficient products that benefit the people, and make saving energy a good habit throughout society.We will increase our energy-saving capacity by an equivalent of 80 million tons of standard coal.Every newly built, renovated or expanded coal-fired power generating unit must be equipped with and continuously employ desulphurization equipment.二要加強環境保護。積極推進重點流域區域環境治理及城鎮污水垃圾處理、農業面源污染治理、重金屬污染綜合整治等工作。新增城鎮污水日處理能力1500萬立方米、垃圾日處理能力6萬噸。

Second, we will strengthen environmental protection.We will work to improve the environment in key watersheds and regions, treat urban sewage and garbage, deal with pollution from non-point agricultural sources, and comprehensively clean up heavy metal pollution.In urban areas, the daily sewage treatment capacity will increase by 15 million cubic meters and the daily garbage disposal capacity will grow by 60,000 tons.三要積極發展循環經濟和節能環保產業。支持循環經濟技術研發、示范推廣和能力建設。抓好節能、節水、節地、節材工作。推進礦產資源綜合利用、工業廢物回收利用、余熱余壓發電和生活垃圾資源化利用。

Third, we will energetically develop a circular economy and the energy conservation and environmental protection industries.For the circular economy, we will support R&D in technology, demonstrations and applications, and capacity building.We will save energy, water, land and materials.We will comprehensively utilize mineral resources, recycle industrial waste, use by-product heat and pressure to generate electricity, and transform household solid waste into resources.四要積極應對氣候變化。大力開發低碳技術，推廣高效節能技術，積極發展新能源和可再生能源，加強智能電網建設。加快國土綠化進程，增加森林碳匯，新增造林面積不低于8880萬畝。要努力建設以低碳排放為特征的產業體系和消費模式，積極參與應對氣候變化國際合作，推動全球應對氣候變化取得新進展。

Fourth, we will actively respond to climate change.We will improve our ability to adapt to it and ameliorate its effects.We will work hard to develop low-carbon technologies;promote application of highly efficient, energy-conserving technologies;develop new and renewable energies;and intensify development of smart power grids.We will accelerate afforestation, increase forest carbon sinks and expand our forests by at least 5.92 million hectares.We need to energetically build an industrial system and consumption pattern with low carbon emissions.We will participate in international cooperation to address climate changes and work for further progress in the global fight against climate change.推進區域經濟協調發展。繼續深入推進西部大開發，全面振興東北地區等老工業基地，大力促進中部地區崛起，積極支持東部地區率先發展。認真落實促進區域經濟社會發展的各項規劃和政策。加快推進主體功能區建設。重點抓好西藏和四省藏區、新疆經濟社會發展政策的制定和實施工作。加強對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區和貧困地區的支持。實施區域發展總體戰略，重在發揮各地比較優勢，有針對性地解決各地發展中的突出矛盾和問題；重在扭轉區域經濟社會發展差距擴大的趨勢，增強發展的協調性；重在加快完善公共財政體系，促進基本公共服務均等化。

We will promote balanced economic development between regions.We will continue to develop the western region on a large scale, comprehensively reinvigorate the old industrial bases in northeast China and elsewhere, energize the development of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.We will conscientiously implement all plans and policies for promoting regional economic and social development.We will accelerate growth of development priority zones.We will focus on formulating and implementing policies for economic and social development in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces.We will increase support for old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas.When implementing the overall strategy for regional development, we will emphasize exploiting different regions' comparative advantages and making well-targeted efforts to solve major problems arising in the course of development in each region.We will focus on reversing the growing gap in economic and social development between regions, balancing their development better, accelerating the improvement of the public finance system, and snaking access to basic public services more equal.（三）加大統籌城鄉發展力度，強化農業農村發展基礎

3.Improving the balance between urban and rural development and strengthening the foundation for the development of agriculture and rural areas

在連續6年增產增收之后，更要毫不松懈地抓好“三農”工作。要按照統籌城鄉發展的要求，堅持把解決好“三農”問題作為全部工作的重中之重，進一步強化強農惠農政策，協調推進工業化、城鎮化和農業農村現代化，鞏固和發展農業農村好形勢。

After six consecutive years of increases in grain output and rural incomes, it is vital we sustain our good work in the areas of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.In accordance with the requirements for balancing urban and rural development, we need to make solving problems faced by agriculture, rural areas, and farmers a top priority in all our work;further strengthen our policies to aid agriculture and bene t farmers;coordinate industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural and rural modernization;and consolidate and build upon the good situation in agriculture and rural areas.促進農業穩定發展和農民持續增收。穩定糧食生產，擴大油料種植面積，增加重要緊缺農產品供應，大規模開展糧棉油糖高產創建，大規模開展園藝產品生產和畜牧水產養殖標準化創建，保障“米袋子”、“菜籃子”安全。繼續實施對種糧農民直接補貼，增加農資綜合補貼、良種補貼、農機具購置補貼，中央財政擬安排補貼資金1335億元，比上年增加60.4億元。進一步提高糧食最低收購價，早秈稻、中晚秈稻、粳稻每斤分別提高3分、5分和1毛錢，小麥每斤提高3分錢，繼續實施重要農產品臨時收儲政策，讓農民得到更多實惠。加強對產糧大縣、養豬大縣、養牛大縣的財政扶持。大力發展農產品加工業，推進農業產業化經營，支持批發市場和農貿市場升級改造，推動生產與市場對接。促進農民就業創業，多渠道增加農民收入。進一步加大扶貧開發力度。我們要堅持不懈地消除貧困落后，讓農民群眾早日過上富裕安康的生活。

We will promote the steady development of agriculture and a continuous increase in rural incomes.We will keep grain production stable;expand the total area sown with oilseed;increase supplies of important agricultural products in short supply;implement a large-scale effort to increase the production of grain, cotton, oilseed, and sugar;standardize farming practices in horticulture, animal husbandry, and aquaculture;and ensure the security of the “rice bag”(grain supply)and “vegetable basket”(non-staple food supply).We will continue to provide direct subsidies for grain producers, and increase general subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies and subsidies for purchasing superior crop varieties and agricultural machinery and tools.The central government will allocate 133.5 billion yuan for this purpose, a year-on-year increase of 6.04 billion yuan.We will further raise minimum grain purchase prices.The minimum prices of early indica rice, middle-season and late indica rice and japonica rice will be raised by 0.06 yuan, 0.1 yuan and 0.2 yuan per kilogram respectively, and the minimum price of wheat will be raised by 0.06 yuan per kilogram.We will continue to implement the policy of purchasing and temporarily stockpiling major agricultural products and give farmers more tangible bene ts.We will increase scal support for major grain-producing, pork-producing, and cattle farming counties.We will vigorously develop the processing industry for agricultural products, promote industrialization in agriculture, support the upgrading and renovation of wholesale markets and markets for farm produce, and promote closer linkage between production and the market.We will help rural residents nd jobs or start their own businesses, and increase rural incomes through a variety of channels.We will intensify poverty alleviation and development and work tirelessly to eradicate poverty and backwardness so that rural residents can soon live a prosperous and happy life.加強農業基礎設施建設。堅持財政支出優先支持農業農村發展，預算內固定資產投資優先投向農業基礎設施和農村民生工程，土地出讓收益優先用于農業土地開發和農村基礎設施建設。中央財政擬安排“三農”投入8183億元，比上年增加930億元，地方各級財政也要增加投入。以主產區為重點，全面實施全國新增千億斤糧食生產能力建設規劃。以農田水利為重點，加強農業基礎設施建設，加快大中型灌區的配套改造，擴大節水灌溉面積，建設高標準農田，完成大中型和重點小型病險水庫除險加固任務。以良種培育為重點，加快農業科技創新和推廣，實施好轉基因生物新品種培育科技重大專項。積極推進現代農業示范區建設。加快建設鄉鎮和區域性農技推廣、動植物疫病防控、農產品質量監管等公共服務機構。We will strengthen agricultural infrastructure.We will continue to give high priority in government spending to supporting agricultural and rural development.In the budget, our priority for xed asset investment will be agricultural infrastructure and projects that improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and our priority for use of proceeds from the transfer of land-use rights will be developing agricultural land and building rural infrastructure.The central government plans to allocate 818.3 billion yuan for agriculture, farmers, and rural areas, an increase of 93 billion yuan over last year, and local governments at all levels will also increase their investment.We will comprehensively implement the plan to increase grain production by 50 billion kilograms nationwide, with the emphasis on major grain-producing regions.Focusing on water conservancy, we will improve agricultural infrastructure, accelerate related upgrades of large and mediumsized irrigated areas, expand the area in which water-conserving irrigation methods are used, create high-grade cropland, and nish reinforcing dilapidated large, medium-sized, and key small reservoirs.With the focus on breeding improved crop varieties, we will accelerate innovation in agricultural technology and the widespread adoption of scienti c and technological advances, and carry out a major science and technology project to create new crop varieties using gene transfer technology.We will move forward with the construction of modem agriculture demonstration sites.We will accelerate the development of public services for extending agricultural technology, preventing and controlling animal and plant diseases, and providing quality oversight of agricultural products in townships, towns and regions.深化農村改革。毫不動搖地堅持農村基本經營制度，加快完善有關法律法規和政策，現有土地承包關系要保持穩定并長久不變。加強土地承包經營權流轉的管理和服務，在依法自愿有償流轉基礎上發展多種形式規模經營。繼續推進農村綜合改革。完善集體林權制度改革配套政策。啟動國有林場改革。繼續推進草原基本經營制度改革。發展農民專業合作社，提高農業組織化程度。加快培育小型農村金融機構，積極推廣農村小額信用貸款，切實改善農村金融服務。深入推進鄉鎮機構改革。

We will deepen rural reform.We will uphold the basic rural operation system;quickly improve relevant laws, regulations and policies;and maintain existing land contract relationships over the long term.We will strengthen supervision of and services for the transfer of contracted land use rights, and develop diverse large-scale farming operations on the basis of legal, voluntary, and compensated transfers of land-use rights.We will continue to carry out comprehensive rural reform, improve supporting policies for the reform of tenure in collective forests, and launch the reform of state tree farms.We will continue to reform the basic system for the use of grasslands, develop specialized farmer cooperatives, improve the organization of agriculture, more quickly develop small rural nancial institutions, actively promote micro-credit loans in rural areas, and improve rural nancial services.We will also deepen reforms in township and town government departments.統籌推進城鎮化和新農村建設。堅持走中國特色城鎮化道路，促進大中小城市和小城鎮協調發展，著力提高城鎮綜合承載能力，發揮城市對農村的輻射帶動作用，促進城鎮化和新農村建設良性互動。壯大縣域經濟，大力加強縣城和中心鎮基礎設施和環境建設，引導非農產業和農村人口有序向小城鎮集聚，鼓勵返鄉農民工就地創業。城鄉建設都要堅持最嚴格的耕地保護制度和最嚴格的節約用地制度，切實保護農民合法權益。推進戶籍制度改革，放寬中小城市和小城鎮落戶條件。有計劃有步驟地解決好農民工在城鎮的就業和生活問題，逐步實現農民工在勞動報酬、子女就學、公共衛生、住房租購以及社會保障方面與城鎮居民享有同等待遇。進一步增加農村生產生活設施建設投入，啟動新一輪農村電網改造，擴大農村沼氣建設規模，今年再解決6000萬農村人口的安全飲水問題，實施農村清潔工程，改善農村生產生活條件。我們要讓符合條件的農業轉移人口逐步變為城鎮居民，也要讓農民有一個幸福生活的美好家園。

We will balance promoting urbanization and building a new countryside.We will keep to the path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics.We will promote balanced development between towns and large, small and medium-sized cities;increase the overall carrying capacity of cities and towns;ensure that cities stimulate the development of surrounding rural areas;and promote positive interaction between urbanization and the building of a new countryside.We will strengthen county economies, improve infrastructure and environmental protection in county towns and hub towns, guide an orderly ow of nonagricultural industries and rural people to small towns, and encourage returned rural migrant workers to start businesses in their hometowns.When developing urban and rural areas, we must adhere to the strictest possible systems for protecting arable land and economizing land use to genuinely safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers.We will carry out reform of the household registration system and relax requirements for household registration in towns and small and medium-sized cities.We will solve employment and living problems rural migrant workers face in cities and towns in a planned and step-by-step manner, and gradually ensure that they receive the same treatment as urban residents in areas such as pay, children's education, healthcare, housing, and social security.We will further increase spending on the development of rural work and living facilities, begin a new round of upgrades of rural power grids, expand the construction of rural methane facilities, provide safe drinking water to another 60 million rural people, carry out the project to build a clean countryside, and improve working and living conditions there.We will allow eligible workers who have left agricultural work to gradually become urban residents, and develop a beautiful rural environment where farmers can live a happy life.（四）全面實施科教興國戰略和人才強國戰略

4.Fully implementing the strategies of reinvigorating China through science and education and strengthening the nation through human resource development

教育、科技和人才，是國家強盛、民族振興的基石，也是綜合國力的核心。

Education, science, and human resources are the cornerstones of national prosperity and rejuvenation, and are also at the core of overall national strength.優先發展教育事業。強國必先強教。只有一流的教育，才能培養一流人才，建設一流國家。要抓緊啟動實施國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要。著重抓好五個方面：

We will give high priority to the development of education For a country to become strong, it must rst strengthen education.First-class educatian is a prerequisite for cultivating high-caliber personnel and buildirtg a great country.We will promptly begin to implement the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development.We will focus on the following ve areas.一是推進教育改革。要解放思想，大膽突破，勇于創新，鼓勵試驗，對辦學體制、教學內容、教育方法、評價制度等進行系統改革。堅持育人為本，大力推進素質教育。探索適應不同類型教育和人才成長的學校管理體制和辦學模式，提高辦學和人才培養水平。鼓勵社會力量興辦教育，滿足群眾多樣化的教育需求。

First, we will advance education reform.We need to emancipate our minds, boldly make breakthroughs and innovations, encourage experimentation, and carry out a systematic reform of the system for operating schools, curricula, teaching methods, and evaluation systems.We will continue to give top priority to cultivating the integrity of students and vigorously promote well-rounded education.We will explore systems of school management and ways of providing education that are suitable for different types of education and the development of people with different skills, so that we run schools better and turn out better graduates.We will encourage nongovernmental sectors to run schools in order to meet people's diverse demands for education.二是促進義務教育均衡發展。在合理布局的基礎上，加快推進中西部地區初中校舍改造和全國中小學校舍安全工程，盡快使所有學校的校舍、設備和師資達到規定標準。為農村中小學班級配備多媒體遠程教學設備，讓廣大農村和偏遠地區的孩子共享優質教育資源。加強學前教育和特殊教育學校建設。加大對少數民族和民族地區教育的支持。

Second, we will promote the balanced development of compulsory education.On the basis of a rational allocation of resources, we will accelerate the renovation of itmior secondary school buildings in the central and western regions.We will also accelerate implementation of the nationwide program for safe primary and secondary school buildings, and engtire that buildings, equipment and teaching staff in all schools reach established standards as soon as possible.We will provide multimedia distance learning facilities for rural primary and secondary schools so that children living in the vast rural and remote areas have access to quality education resources.We will improve preschool education and develop special education schools.We will increase educational support for ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas.三是繼續加強職業教育。以就業為目標，整合教育資源，改進教學方式，著力培養學生的就業創業能力。

Third, we will continue to strengthen vocational education.With the goal of helping students nd jobs, we will integrate education resources, improve teaching methods;and focus on nurturing students' employability and entrepreneurial abilities.四是推進高等學校管理體制和招生制度改革。進一步落實高等學校辦學自主權，鼓勵高等學校適應就業和經濟社會發展需要，調整專業和課程設置，推動高等學校人才培養、科技創新和學術發展緊密結合，激勵教師專注于教育，努力建設有特色、高水平大學。創建若干一流大學，培養杰出人才。中央財政要加大對中西部高等教育發展的支持。

Fourth, we will reform the management and adMissions systems of institutions of higher learning.We will give them more decision-making power, encourage them to adjust their majors and curricula to Meet employment needs and the needs of economic and social development;more intimately integrate personnel training;scienti c and technological innovatioit, and academic development;inspire their teachers to concentrate on education;and become high-level universities with their own distinctive features.We will develop a number of rst-class universities that produce outstanding personnel.The central government will increase support for the development of higher education in the central and western regions.五是加強教師隊伍建設。從多方面采取措施，吸引優秀人才投身教育事業，鼓勵他們終身從教。重點加強農村義務教育學校教師和校長培訓，鼓勵優秀教師到農村貧困地區從教。加強師德教育，增強教師的責任感和使命感。教育寄托著億萬家庭對美好生活的期盼，關系著民族素質和國家未來。不普及和提高教育，國家不可能強盛。這個道理我們要永遠銘記。Fifth, we will improve the ranks of our teachers.We will take a variety of measures to attract outstanding personnel to pursue careers in education and devote their lives to it.We will focus on strengthening training for teachers and principals of rural compulsory education schools, and encourage excellent teachers to teach in impoverished rural areas.We will intensify education to improve the professional ethics of our teachers, and enhance their sense of responsibility and mission.Hundreds of millions of families place their hopes for a better life on education, and education has a direct bearing on the quality of the nation and the future of the country.A country cannot become strong and prosperous if it does not make education universal and improve its quality.We must always keep this in mind.大力發展科學技術。要認真貫徹自主創新的方針，全面推進創新型國家建設，加快實施科技重大專項。著力突破帶動技術革命、促進產業振興的關鍵科技問題，突破提高健康水平、保障改善民生的重大公益性科技問題，突破增強國際競爭力、維護國家安全的戰略高技術問題。前瞻部署生物、納米、量子調控、信息網絡、氣候變化、空天海洋等領域基礎研究和前沿技術研究。深化科技體制改革，著力解決科技與經濟脫節的問題，推動以企業為主體、市場為導向、產學研相結合的技術創新體系建設，促進科技資源優化配置、開放共享和高效利用。要大力實施知識產權戰略，加強知識產權創造、應用和保護。進一步激發廣大科技工作者和全社會的創新活力。

We will vigorously develop science and technology.We need to earnestly implement the policy of independent innovation, comprehensively build an innovative country, and accelerate the implementation of our major science and technology programs.We need to concentrate on making breakthroughs in key scienti c and technological problems that can drive the technological revolution forward and promote industrial invigoration, in major scienti c and technological problems related to public welfare that can improve people's health and the quality of their lives, and in problems in strategic, high-tech elds that can enhance our country's international competitiveness and safeguard our national security.We will make farsighted arrangements for basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies in the elds of biology, nano science, quantum control, information networks, climate change, aerospace and oceanography.We will deepen the reform of the system for managing science and technology;strive to bridge the gap between science and technology and the economy;promote the development of a system of technological innovation in which enterprises play the leading role, the market provides orientation, and the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes are integrated;and promote optimal allocation, open sharing, and highly ef cient use of scienti c and technological resources.We will vigorously implement the strategy for intellectual property rights and strengthen the creation, application and protection of them.We will further arouse the creativity of scientists, engineers and all of society.加快人才資源開發。人才是第一資源。要統籌推進各類人才隊伍建設，突出培養創新型科技人才、經濟社會發展重點領域專門人才和高技能人才，積極引進海外高層次人才。建立健全政府、社會、用人單位和個人等多元化的人才培養投入機制，充分發揮市場配置人才資源的基礎性作用，努力營造人才輩出、人盡其才的制度環境，建設人力資源強國。

We will accelerate the development of human resources.Talented personnel are the primary resources.We need to develop all types of human resources in a coordinated and all-round way, with the focus on producing innovative scientists and engineers, and experts and professionals in key areas of economic and social development, and energetically attract high caliber personnel from overseas.We will set up a mechanism for diversifying mding for personnel training, so that the government, nongovernmental bodies, employers and employees all do their part.We will make full use of the basic role of market forces in allocating human resources, strive,Aa.etreate an institutional environment conducive to bringing forth talented people in large numbas atttL tapping their full potential, and make our country rich in human resources.（五）大力加強文化建設

5.Energetically promoting cultural progress

國家發展、民族振興，不僅需要強大的經濟力量，更需要強大的文化力量。文化是一個民族的精神和靈魂，是一個民族真正有力量的決定性因素，可以深刻影響一個國家發展的進程，改變一個民族的命運。沒有先進文化的發展，沒有全民族文明素質的提高，就不可能真正實現現代化。解放思想、改革開放的時代精神，已經成為推動社會前進的先進文化力量，使中華民族充滿生機與活力。

To develop the country and rejuvenate the nation, we must not only be economically strong, but more importantly, be culturally strong.Culture is the spirit and soul of a nation, and the determining factor of whether it is truly strong or not.It can profoundly affect the progress of a country's development and change the destiny of a nation.If we do not develop an advanced culture and improve the whole nation's cultural and ethical levels, we cannot truly modernize.Emancipating our minds, and reform and opening up embody the spirit of our times, and they have become an advanced cultural force driving social progress and have lled the Chinese nation with vigor and vitality.一年來，我們大力發展公益性文化事業，加快推進文化體制改革，加強公共文化服務體系建設，促進文化產業快速成長，繁榮文化市場，有效擴大了內需。新的一年，我們要更加重視和大力加強文化建設。繼承和弘揚中華民族優秀傳統文化，吸收和借鑒世界各國文明成果，建設中華民族共有精神家園。政府要更好地履行發展公益性文化事業的責任，保障人民群眾的基本需求和權益。文化基礎設施建設和公共文化資源配置要向基層、特別是農村和中西部地區傾斜，推進美術館、圖書館、文化館、博物館免費開放，豐富人民群眾的精神文化生活。要繼續推進文化體制改革，扶持公益性文化事業，發展文化產業，鼓勵文化創新，培育骨干文化企業，生產更多健康向上的文化產品，滿足人民群眾多樣化的文化需求。促進哲學社會科學、廣播影視、新聞出版、檔案事業發展，繁榮文學藝術創作，加強文物保護。積極開展對外文化交流，增強中華文化國際影響力。大力發展公共體育事業，廣泛開展全民健身運動，提高人民的身體素質。中華民族不僅能夠創造經濟奇跡，也一定能夠創造新的文化輝煌。Over the past year, we vigorously developed non-pro t cultural programs, sped up the reform of the cultural management system, improved the system of public cultural services, stimulated the rapid growth of our culture industry, brought prosperity to the culture market, and effectively expanded domestic demand.In the new year, we need to pay greater attention to and vigorously promote cultural progress.We will draw upon and carry forward the ne traditional culture of the Chinese nation, draw on and make use of the achievements of the cultures of other countries, and build a home of spirit shared by the whole Chinese nation.Our government needs to better carry out its responsibility for developing non-pro t cultural programs and ensure that the people's basic demands are met and that their rights and interests are protected.We will give high priority to the primary, level, especially rural areas and the central and western regions in developing cultural infrastructure and allocating public cultural resources;make admission to more art galleries, libraries, cultural centers and museums free of charge;and enrich the people's intellectual and cultural lives.We will continue to reform the cultural management system, support non-pro t cultural programs, develop the culture industry, encourage cultural innovation, foster leading cultural enterprises, and produce more healthy and inspirational cultural works to meet the diverse cultural needs of our people.We will promote the development of philosophy, the social sciences, radio, television, lm, the press, publishing, and archives;make literary and artistic creation ourish;and strengthen the protection of our cultural heritage.We will vigorously develop cultural exchanges with foreign countries, and make Chinese culture more in uential internationally.We will energetically develop recreational sports, launch an extensive exercise campaign for the general public, and improve the people's health.The Chinese nation can not only create economic miracles but also make brilliant new cultural achievements.（六）著力保障和改善民生，促進社會和諧進步

6.Vigorously ensuring and improving people's wellbeing, and promoting social harmony and progress

改善民生是經濟發展的根本目的。只有著力保障和改善民生，經濟發展才有持久的動力，社會進步才有牢固的基礎，國家才能長治久安。

Improving people's wellbeing is the fundamental goal of economic development.We can ensure that there is sustained impetus for economic development, a solid foundation for social progress, and lasting stability for the country only by working hard to ensure and improve people's wellbeing.千方百計擴大就業。這是保障和改善民生的頭等大事。今年就業形勢依然嚴峻，工作上不能有絲毫松懈。要繼續實施積極的就業政策。中央財政擬投入433億元用于促進就業。重點做好高校畢業生、農民工、就業困難人員就業和退伍轉業軍人就業安置工作。2009年到期的“五緩四減三補貼”就業扶持政策延長一年。加強政策支持和就業指導，鼓勵高校畢業生到城鄉基層、中西部地區和中小企業就業；拓寬就業、擇業、創業渠道，鼓勵自主創業、自謀職業等多種形式的靈活就業，以創業帶動就業。建立健全公共投資帶動就業的機制。繼續加強職業技能培訓，重點提高農民工和城鄉新增勞動力的就業能力。完善就業服務體系，健全勞動力輸出輸入地區協調協作機制，引導勞動力特別是農民工有序流動。加快建立統一規范的人力資源市場。維護勞動者合法權益，構建和諧的勞動關系。我們要通過持之以恒的努力，創造更多的就業機會，讓廣大勞動者各盡所能、各得其所。

We will do everything in our power to increase employment.This is the top priority in our work of ensuring and improving people's wellbeing.This year the employment situation will still be serious, and we cannot slacken our efforts in the slightest.We need to continue to implement a proactive employment policy.The central government will allocate 43.3 billion yuan to stimulate employment.Emphasis will be given to helping college graduates, rural migrant workers, people experiencing employment dif culty, and demobilized military personnel nd jobs.The “ ve-four-three” employment support policies, originally scheduled to expire in 2009, will be extended for another year.[These policies allow quali ed enterprises to postpone their payments of ve types of social security contributions;reduce urban workers' contributions to four types of insurance funds, namely medical insurance, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, and maternity insurance;and continue three types of subsidized, enterprise-based job training programs.Tr.] We will increase policy support and employment guidance to encourage college graduates to take community-level jobs in urban and rural areas, and jobs in the central and western regions and in small and medium-sized enterprises.We will expand channels for seeking employment and starting businesses.We will encourage different forms of exible employment, including starting businesses and nding jobs independently.We will also encourage job growth through the creation of new businesses.We will establish a sound mechanism for stimulating employment through public investment.We will continue to strengthen vocational training, with the focus on increasing the employability of rural migrant workers and new members of the workforce in urban and rural areas.We will improve the employment services system, strengthen coordination and cooperation between labor-exporting and labor-importing regions, and guide workers in an orderly ow, especially rural migrant workers.We will accelerate the development of a uni ed and standardized human resources market.We will safeguard the lawful rights and interests of workers and establish harmonious labor relations.We will work tirelessly to create more job opportunities and to enable workers to tap their full potential and find suitable jobs.加快完善覆蓋城鄉居民的社會保障體系。扎實推進新型農村社會養老保險試點，試點范圍擴大到23%的縣。加快解決未參保集體企業退休人員基本養老保障等遺留問題。將全國130萬“老工傷”人員全部納入工傷保險范圍。積極推進農民工參加社會保險。加強城鄉低保工作，切實做到動態管理、應保盡保。加強殘疾人社會保障和服務體系建設，進一步落實好扶殘助殘的各項政策，為他們平等參與社會生活創造更好的環境。企業退休人員基本養老金今年再提高10%。各級政府要進一步增加社會保障投入，中央財政擬安排3185億元。要多渠道增加全國社會保障基金，加強監管，實現保值增值。我們要加快構建更加完善的社會保障安全網，使人民生活有基本保障、無后顧之憂。

We will move faster to improve the social security system for both urban and rural residents.We will move steadily forward with the pilot program for a new old-age insurance system for rural residents by expanding it to 23% of the country's counties.We will act more quickly to solve longstanding problems, including the lack of basic old-age pensions for retirees of collectively owned enterprises that do not participate in group pension programs.Workers: compensation will be extended to all of the 1.3 million workers injured previous jobs who are not receiving bene ts We will work to extend coverage of social security to rural migrant workers., We will strengthen our work concerning subsistence allowances in both urban and rural areas, and ensure that it is managed in a manner that re ects changing conditions and that everyone who is entitled to such allowances receives them.We will work harder to build the social security and social services system for people with a disability, further implement policies for assisting and supporting them, and create a better environment for them to participate in social activities on an equal footing.We will increase basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees by 10%.Governments at all levels need to spend more on social security, and the central government will appropriate 318.5 billion yuan for this purpose.We will increase the country's social security funds through multiple channels and strengthen oversight and supervision to maintain and increase their value.We will move faster to build a better social safety net to provide basic security to people and free them from worries.改革收入分配制度。合理的收入分配制度是社會公平正義的重要體現。我們不僅要通過發展經濟，把社會財富這個“蛋糕”做大，也要通過合理的收入分配制度把“蛋糕”分好。要堅持和完善按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存的分配制度，兼顧效率與公平，走共同富裕的道路。

We will reform the income distribution system.A rational income distribution system is an important manifestation of social fairness and justice.We will not only make the “pie” of social wealth bigger by developing the economy, but also distribute it well on the basis of a rational income distribution system.We need to uphold and improve the system in which distribution according to work is dominant and multiple forms of distribution coexist, give due consideration to ef ciency and fairness, and take the path to common prosperity.一要抓緊制定調整國民收入分配格局的政策措施，逐步提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。加大財政、稅收在收入初次分配和再分配中的調節作用。創造條件讓更多群眾擁有財產性收入。

First, we will promptly formulate policies and measures to adjust the distribution of national income, and gradually increase the proportion, of income individuals receive from the distribution of national income and the proportion of the primary distribution of income that goes to wages and salaries.We will strengthen the role of scal and taxation policies in adjusting the primary and secondary distribution of income.We will create conditions for more people to earn income from property.二要深化壟斷行業收入分配制度改革。完善對壟斷行業工資總額和工資水平的雙重調控政策。嚴格規范國有企業、金融機構經營管理人員特別是高管的收入，完善監管辦法。Second, we will deepen the reform of the income distribution system of monopoly industries.We will improve the policy of dual control over total payroll and wage scales in these industries.We will set strict standards for the income of executives, especially senior ones, of state-owned enterprises and financial institutions, and improve related oversight and supervision rules.三要進一步規范收入分配秩序。堅決打擊取締非法收入，規范灰色收入，逐步形成公開透明、公正合理的收入分配秩序，堅決扭轉收入差距擴大的趨勢。

Third, we will further standardize the pattern of income distribution.We will rmly crack down on and ban illegal income;regulate off-the-books income;gradually form a transparent, fair and rational pattern of income distribution;and resolutely reverse the widening income gap.促進房地產市場平穩健康發展。要堅決遏制部分城市房價過快上漲勢頭，滿足人民群眾的基本住房需求。

We will promote the steady and sound development of the real estate market.We will resolutely curb the precipitous rise of housing prices in some cities and satisfy people's basic need for housing.一是繼續大規模實施保障性安居工程。中央財政擬安排保障性住房專項補助資金632億元，比上年增加81億元。建設保障性住房300萬套，各類棚戶區改造住房280萬套。擴大農村危房改造試點范圍。各級政府要切實負起責任，嚴格執行年度建設計劃，確保土地、資金和優惠政策落實到位。

First, we will continue to carry out low-income housing projects on a large scale.The central government will allocate 63.2 billion yuan for low-income housing, an increase of 8.1 billion yuan over last year.We will build 3 million housing units for low-income families and renovate 2 8 million housing units in run-down areas.We will expand the pilot program for renovating dilapidated houses in rural areas.Governments at all levels must genuinely take responsibility to ensure that the annual construction plan is strictly carried out and that policies concerning land, funding, and preferential treatment are implemented well.二是繼續支持居民自住性住房消費。增加中低價位、中小套型普通商品房用地供應，加快普通商品房項目審批和建設進度。規范發展二手房市場，倡導住房租賃消費。盤活住房租賃市場。

Second, we will continue to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences.We will increase the land supply for building small and medium-sized condominiums to be sold at low and medium price levels, and expedite the approval procedure for and construction of such housing projects.We will standardize and develop the market for used homes, encourage home renting, and stimulate rental housing market.三是抑制投機性購房。加大差別化信貸、稅收政策執行力度。完善商品房預售制度。Third, we will lrein in speculative housing purchases.We will intensify the implimentation of differentiated credit and tax policies.We will improve the advance purchase system for commodity housing.四是大力整頓和規范房地產市場秩序。完善土地收入管理使用辦法，抑制土地價格過快上漲。加大對圈地不建、捂盤惜售、哄抬房價等違法違規行為的查處力度。

Fourth, we will work to rectify and standardize the real estate market.We will improve the methods for managing and using income from land, and keep land prices from rising too fast.We will make greater efforts to deal with violations of laws and regulations such as keeping land unused, property hoarding, and price rigging.加快推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展。積極穩妥推進醫藥衛生體制改革，全面落實五項重點工作。繼續擴大基本醫療保障覆蓋面。今年要把城鎮居民基本醫保和新農合的財政補助標準提高到120元，比上年增長50%，并適當提高個人繳費標準。開展農村兒童白血病、先天性心臟病醫療保障試點，盡力為這些不幸的兒童和家庭提供更多幫助。在60％政府舉辦的基層醫療衛生機構實施基本藥物制度，其他醫療機構也要優先選用基本藥物。推進基本藥物集中采購和統一配送。基本完成城鄉基層醫療衛生機構建設規劃，大規模開展適宜人才培養和培訓。進一步完善支持村衛生室建設和鄉村醫生發展的政策措施。完善基層醫療衛生機構補償機制，落實崗位績效工資。開展社區首診試點，推動形成基層醫療衛生機構和醫院功能區分合理、協作配合、互相轉診的服務體系。切實加強甲型H1N1流感等重大傳染病防控和慢性病、職業病、地方病防治，提高突發公共衛生事件應急處置能力。開展公立醫院改革試點，堅持基本醫療的公益性方向，創新體制機制，充分調動醫務人員積極性，提高服務質量，控制醫療費用，改善醫患關系。大力支持社會資本興辦醫療衛生機構，在服務準入、醫保定點等方面一視同仁。扶持和促進中醫藥、民族醫藥事業發展。醫藥衛生事業改革發展關系人民身體健康和家庭幸福，我們要克服一切困難，把這個世界性難題解決好。

We will accelerate the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare elds.We will actively yet prudently carry forward the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems, and comprehensively accomplish ve key tasks.We will continue to expand the coverage of guaranteed basic medical care.This year we will raise government subsidies on basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and on the new type of rural cooperative medical care system to 120 yuan per person per year, up 50% over last year, and appropriately increase rates for individual contributions.We will carry out a pilot program for ensuring that rural children with leukemia or congenital heart disease receive medical treatment and provide more assistance to these less fortunate children and their families.We will install the basic drug system in 60% of community medical institutions and urge other medical institutions to give high priority to the use of basic drugs.We will promote the centralized purchase and uni ed distribution of basic drugs.We will basically complete the plan for building community medical institutions in urban and rural areas, undertake personnel education and training on a large scale, and further improve the policies and measures for supporting the development of village clinics and rural doctors.We will improve the mechanism for subsidizing community medical institutions and link salaries to performance.We will carry out a pilot program for making community medical institutions the rst option in medical treatment and work to create a service system in which hospitals and community medical institutions(each with its own well-de ned functions)coordinate and collaborate with each other and refer cases to each other.We will strengthen prevention and control of in uenza A(H1N1)and other major communicable diseases as well as chronic, occupational, and endemic diseases, and enhance our ability to handle public health emergencies.We will carry out a pilot reform of public hospitals;maintain the non pro t nature of bask medical services;make institutional and procedural innovations;boost the morale of medical workers;raise the quality of service;control medical costs;and improve relations between medical service providers and consumers.We will energetically support the use of non-government capital to run medical and healthcare institutions, and such institutions will be treated the same as public hospitals in obtaining operating licenses and providing medical services covered by the public medical insurance system.We will support and promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine and folk medicines of ethnic minorities.The reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare elds affects the health of the people and the happiness of their families;therefore, we must overcome all dif culties and solve this universal problem.做好人口和計劃生育工作。繼續穩定低生育水平。做好流動人口計劃生育服務工作。落實好農村婦女婦科疾病定期檢查和住院分娩補助政策。加強出生缺陷干預，開展免費孕前優生健康檢查試點，做好孕產婦和嬰幼兒保健工作。繼續實施農村部分計劃生育家庭獎勵扶助制度和西部地區少生快富工程。切實保護好婦女和未成年人權益。加強應對人口老齡化戰略研究，加快建立健全養老社會服務體系，讓老年人安享晚年生活。

We will do a good job in population and family planning work We will continue to maintain a low birthrate.We will provide good family planning services for the oating population.We will provide regular gynecological examinations and subsidize hospital childbirths for rural women.We will strengthen intervention in birth defects;carry out a pilot program of free pre-pregnancy checkups;and provide quality health services for infants, pre-school children, and prenatal and nursing women.We will continue to reward and support eligible rural families that comply with family planning regulations, and carry out the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” project in the western region.We will take effective measures to protect the rights and interests of women and minors.We will intensify strategic research on coping with an aging population and move more quickly to create a sound system of old-age services so that people can live a happy life in their old age.（七）堅定不移推進改革，進一步擴大開放

7.Firmly advancing reform and further expanding opening up

今年要繼續深化重點領域和關鍵環節改革，努力實現新的突破。

This year we will continue to deepen reform in key areas and crucial links and work hard to achieve new breakthroughs.我們要繼續推進國有經濟布局和結構戰略性調整。加快大型國有企業特別是中央企業母公司的公司制改革，實現產權多元化，完善法人治理結構。加快推進壟斷性行業改革，推進公用事業改革，切實放寬市場準入，積極引入競爭機制。著力營造多種所有制經濟公平競爭的市場環境，更好地促進非公有制經濟發展。

We will continue to make strategic adjustments in the distribution and structure of the state-owned sector.We will speed up the reform to introduce the corporate system in large state-owned enterprises, especially parent companies of enterprises under the central government, and we will diversify their ownership and improve their corporate governance.We will accelerate the reform of monopoly industries;promote reforms in public utilities;effectively expand market access;and actively introduce competitive mechanisms.We will create a market environment for fair competition among economic entities under diverse forms of ownership and facilitate stronger growth of the non-public sector.深化資源性產品價格和環保收費改革，作為節約能源資源、保護環境、實現可持續發展的重要舉措。要擴大用電大戶與發電企業直接交易試點，推行居民用電用水階梯價格制度，健全可再生能源發電定價和費用分攤機制。完善農業用水價格政策。改革污水處理、垃圾處理收費制度。擴大排污權交易試點。在推進這些改革中要注意協調好各方面利益關系，決不能讓低收入群眾的基本生活受到影響。

We will deepen the reform of prices for resource products and environmental protection charges.This is an important measure for conserving energy and resources, protecting the environment, and achieving sustainable development.We will expand the trial of direct transactions between major electricity consumers and producers;introduce tiered prices for household consumption of electricity and water;and improve the mechanism of price setting and cost sharing for electricity generated from renewable energy.We will improve the pricing policy for water used in apiculture.We will reform the system of sewage and garbage treatment charges.We will expand the trial of pollution rights trading.While pushing forward these reforms, we will balance the interests of different parties and ensure that the basic living conditions of people with low incomes are not adversely affected.要繼續推進財稅體制改革。健全公共財政體系。完善財政轉移支付制度，加大一般性轉移支付，增強地方政府提供基本公共服務的能力。健全省以下財政管理體制，完善縣級基本財力保障機制，推進省直管縣財政管理方式改革。全面編制中央和地方政府性基金預算，試編社會保險基金預算，完善國有資本經營預算制度。繼續做好增值稅轉型工作。推進資源稅改革。統一內外資企業和個人城建稅、教育費附加制度。

We will continue to reform the scal and taxation systems.We will strengthen the public nance system.We will improve the system of transfer payments, increase general transfer payments, and enhance the ability of local governments to provide basic public services.We will strengthen the scal management system at and below the provincial level, set up a mechanism to ensure basic funding for county governments, and carry forward reforms that place county nances directly under the management of provincial governments.We will draw up budgets for all funds controlled by central and local governments, prepare budgets for social security funds on a trial basis, and improve the budget system for the use of state capital.We will continue to make progress in VAT reform.We will carry forward the reform of resource taxes.We will extend the urban construction and maintenance tax and education surcharges to foreign enterprises and nationals.健全金融體系是應對國際金融危機沖擊的重要舉措。要繼續完善國有控股金融機構公司治理，改善經營管理機制，提高風險管控能力。繼續推動政策性金融機構改革。穩步推進資產管理公司轉型。深化農村信用社改革。推動中小金融機構規范發展。大力發展金融市場，鼓勵金融創新。推進跨境貿易人民幣結算試點，逐步發展境外人民幣金融業務。推進存款保險制度建設。加快發展農業保險。

Improving the nancial system is an important measure for countering the impact of the global nancial crisis.We will continue to improve corporate governance in nancial institutions in which the state holds a controlling stake, improve their business management, and raise their ability to manage and control risks.We will continue the reform of policy-based nancial institutions.We will steadily promote the transformation of asset management companies.We will deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives.We will promote orderly development of small and medium-sized nancial institutions.We will vigorously develop the nancial market and encourage nancial innovation.We will promote pilot projects for the use of the renminbi in cross-border trade, and gradually develop overseas nancial activities using the renminbi.We will continue building the deposit insurance system.We will speed up the development of agricultural insurance.要按照政事分開、事企分開和管辦分離的要求，在科學分類的基礎上，積極穩妥推進事業單位改革。

We will actively yet prudently push forward the reform of institutions on the basis of scienti c classi cations and in accordance with the requirements that government and business functions be spun off from institutions, and that supervision be separated from day-to-day operations.我們的改革是全面的改革，包括經濟體制改革、政治體制改革以及其他各領域的改革。沒有政治體制改革，經濟體制改革和現代化建設就不可能成功。要發展社會主義民主，切實保障人民當家作主的民主權利，特別是選舉權、知情權、參與權、表達權和監督權。進一步擴大基層民主，健全基層自治組織和民主管理制度，讓廣大群眾更好地參與管理基層公共事務。要堅持依法治國、依法行政。進一步健全法制，特別要重視那些規范和監督權力運行的法律制度建設。創新政府立法工作的方法和機制，擴大立法工作的公眾參與。

The reforms we are undertaking, including economic and political restructuring and reforms in other areas, are comprehensive.Without political restructuring, it would not be possible for economic restructuring and the modernization drive to succeed.We will develop socialist democracy, and effectively safeguard the democratic rights of the people as masters of the country, particularly their rights to vote and to stay informed about, participate and in, express views on, and oversee government affairs.We will further expand primary-level democracy, strengthen primary-level self-governing bodies, and improve the system of democratic administration at the primary level so that the people can better participate in the management of local public affairs.We will uphold the rule of law and continue to run the government in accordance with the law.We will further improve the legal system, particularly laws concerning the standardization and oversight of the exercise of power.We will innovatively revise the methods and mechanisms of the government's legislative Work and expand public participation in it.我們要全面適應國際形勢變化和國內發展要求，拓展對外開放的廣度和深度。

We will fully adapt to changes in the international situation, meet the needs of domestic development, and expand the breadth and depth of opening up.穩定發展對外貿易。今年的主要著力點是拓市場、調結構、促平衡。堅持實施市場多元化戰略和以質取勝戰略，落實和完善出口退稅、出口信貸、出口信用保險等各項政策措施，繼續改善海關、質檢、外匯等方面的服務。鞏固傳統市場，大力開拓新興市場。優化出口產品結構，穩定勞動密集型產品出口，擴大機電產品和高新技術產品出口，大力發展服務貿易和服務外包，努力培育出口品牌和營銷網絡，繼續嚴格控制“兩高一資”產品出口。積極推進加工貿易轉型升級。促進進出口平衡發展，重點擴大先進技術裝備、關鍵零部件和國內緊缺物資進口，穩定各項進口促進政策和便利化措施，敦促發達國家放寬高新技術產品出口限制。We will steadily develop foreign trade.This year the main focus is on opening new markets and adjusting the foreign trade.We will adhere to the strategy of diversifying markets and the strategy of competing on quality;implement and improve policies and measures on export tax rebates, export credit, and export credit insurance;and continue to improve services related to customs, quality inspection, and foreign exchange.We will strengthen traditional markets and vigorously develop new markets.We will improve the export mix;stabilize exports of labor-intensive products;increase exports of electromechanical products as well as new-and high-technology products;energetically develop trade in services and service outsourcing;strive to cultivate exports of brand-name products and develop marketing networks and continue to strictly limit exports of resource products and products whose production consumes large quantities of energy and resources or is highly polluting.We will vigorously promote the transformation and upgrading of the processing trade.We will promote the balanced development of imports and exports;focus on increasing imports of advanced technology and equipment, key spare parts, and goods in short supply domestically;keep all policies and measures for promoting and facilitating imports stable;and urge developed countries to ease export restrictions on new-and high-technology products to China.推動利用外資和對外投資協調發展。優化利用外資結構，鼓勵外資投向高端制造業、高新技術產業、現代服務業、新能源和節能環保產業，鼓勵跨國公司在華設立地區總部等各類功能性機構，鼓勵中外企業加強研發合作。鼓勵外資參與國內企業改組改造和兼并重組，加快建立外資并購安全審查制度。促進“引資”與“引智”相結合。引導外資向中西部地區轉移和增加投資。加快實施“走出去”戰略，鼓勵符合國外市場需求的行業有序向境外轉移產能，支持有條件的企業開展海外并購，深化境外資源互利合作，提高對外承包工程和勞務合作的質量。進一步簡化各類審批手續，落實企業境外投資自主權。“走出去”的企業要依法經營，規避風險，防止惡性競爭，維護國家整體利益和良好形象。

We will promote coordination between using other countries' investment in China and making Chinese investment overseas.We will optimize the utilization of foreign investment;encourage more foreign investment in high-end manufacturing, new-and high-technology industries, modern service industries, and the new energy, energy-conservation and environmental protection industries;encourage multinational corporations to set up regional headquarters and other functional agencies in China;and encourage Chinese and foreign enterprises to strengthen cooperation in MD.We will encourage the use of foreign investment for restructuring, upgrading, merging, and reorganizing Chinese companies, and quickly establish a security review system for mergers and acquisitions involving foreign investment.We will work to attract both investment and talent from overseas.We will guide foreign investors to transfer and increase their investments to the central and western regions.We will accelerate the implementation of the “go global” strategy;encourage Chinese industries whose products are in demand in foreign markets to transfer their production capacity overseas in an orderly manner;support quali ed enterprises to carry out overseas mergers and acquisitions;deepen mutually bene cial cooperation concerning foreign resources;and improve the quality of overseas contracted projects and labor service cooperation.We will further simplify examination and approval procedures, and give enterprises decision-making power over their overseas investments.Enterprises that have “gone global” should operate in accordance with the law, avoid risks, prevent vicious competition, and safeguard the country's overall interests and good image.深化多邊雙邊經貿合作。加強和改善與發達國家的經貿關系，深化與發展中國家的互利合作，認真落實中非務實合作八項新舉措。發揮經濟高層對話和雙邊經貿聯委會作用。加快自由貿易區建設步伐。積極參與多哈回合談判，推動早日達成更加合理、平衡的談判結果。反對各種形式的保護主義，妥善處理貿易摩擦。

We will deepen multilateral and bilateral business cooperation.We will strengthen and improve business ties with developed countries, deepen mutually bene cial cooperation with other developing countries, and conscientiously implement the eight new policy measures for China's pragmatic cooperation with African countries.We will make full use of the role of high-level economic dialogue and bilateral economic and trade joint commissions.We will quicken the pace of establishing free trade zones.We will actively 'participate in the Doha round of trade talks to reach a more reasonable and balanced outcome as early as possible.We will oppose protectionism in all forms and properly handle trade frictions.上海世博會即將拉開帷幕。要加強與各參展國家、地區和國際組織的合作，把上海世博會辦成一屆成功、精彩、難忘的盛會，辦成一屆促進人類文明進步，促進科技創新，促進我國與世界各國交流合作、共同發展的盛會。

The Shanghai World Expo will open soon.We will strengthen cooperation with all participating countries, regions, and international organizations to make the Expo a successful, spectacular, and unforgettable event, and one that promotes the progress of human civilization, scienti c and technological innovation, and exchanges and cooperation between, and common development of China and other countries of the world.（八）努力建設人民滿意的服務型政府

8.Working hard to build a service-oriented government that the people are satis ed with

一年來，政府自身改革和建設取得新進展。為應對各種困難，我們特別注意發揚民主、傾聽基層群眾意見，重視維護群眾利益。廣大公務員兢兢業業、勤勉盡責，為保增長、保民生、保穩定作出了積極貢獻。但是政府工作與人民的期望還有較大差距。職能轉變不到位，對微觀經濟干預過多，社會管理和公共服務比較薄弱；一些工作人員依法行政意識不強；一些領導干部脫離群眾、脫離實際，形式主義、官僚主義嚴重；一些領域腐敗現象易發多發。我們要以轉變職能為核心，深化行政管理體制改革，大力推進服務型政府建設，努力為各類市場主體創造公平的發展環境，為人民群眾提供良好的公共服務，維護社會公平正義。Over the past year, new progress was made in government self-reform and self-development.To deal with dif culties of all kinds, we paid particular attention to promoting democracy, listening to the opinions of the masses, and protecting their interests.Our civil servants are devoted, diligent and responsible, and they made positive contributions to sustaining economic growth and ensuring people's well-being and maintaining stability.Nevertheless, the government's work still fell considerably short of public expectations.The transformation of government functions is incomplete;there is too much government interference in the micro-economy, and public administration and services are relatively weak.Some government employees give too little consideration to carrying out their of cial duties in accordance with the law;some leading cadres are divorced from reality and the masses, and are excessively formalistic and bureaucratic;and some areas are prone to corruption.With the focus on transforming government functions, we will deepen reform of the administrative system, work hard to make the government devoted to SerViell, strive to create a fair development environment for all types of market entities, deliver quality public services to the masses, and uphold social fairness and justice.我們要全面正確履行政府職能，更加重視公共服務和社會管理。加快健全覆蓋全民的公共服務體系，全面增強基本公共服務能力。健全重大自然災害、突發公共安全事件應急處理機制。加強防災減災能力建設。加強食品藥品質量監管，做好安全生產工作，遏制重特大事故發生。We will fully and properly perform government functions and attach greater importance to public services and administration.We will quickly improve the public service system with full coverage for all, and comprehensively improve our ability to provide basic public services.We will improve the mechanisms for responding to major natural disasters and emergencies that threaten public safety.We will improve our ability to prevent and mitigate natural disasters.We will strengthen the oversight and supervision of food and drug quality.We will ensure workplace safety and reduce the occurrence of major accidents.要適應新形勢，推進社會管理體制改革和創新，合理調節社會利益關系。認真解決企業改制、征地拆遷、環境保護、勞動爭議、涉法涉訴等領域損害群眾利益的突出問題，保障人民群眾的合法權益。加強和改進信訪工作。改善流動人口管理和服務。加強社會治安綜合治理，著力解決突出治安問題，防范和依法嚴厲打擊各類違法犯罪活動，維護國家安全和社會穩定。We need to adapt to new circumstances, promote reform and innovation in the public administration system, and properly adjust the relationships between different interests.We will earnestly deal with serious infringements on the interests of the people related to conversion of enterprises to a stockholding system, land expropriation, housing demolition and resident relocation, environmental protection, labor disputes, and legal and litigation issues in order to safeguard the people's lawful rights and interests.We will improve the handling of public complaints lodged via letters or visits.We will improve supervision of and services for the oating population.We will strengthen all facets of public security, focus on resolving serious public security issues, and guard against and severely crack down on crimes of all sorts in accordance with the law in order to safeguard national security and social stability.要努力提高執行力和公信力。堅持決策的科學化、民主化，使各項政策更加符合實際、經得起檢驗。加強對政策執行情況的檢查監督，做到令行禁止。強化行政問責，對失職瀆職、不作為和亂作為的，要嚴肅追究責任。各地區、各部門對中央的決策部署要執行有力，絕不允許各自為政。各級行政機關及其公務員要自覺遵守憲法和法律，嚴格依法行政。切實改進行政執法工作，努力做到規范執法、公正執法、文明執法。加快建立健全決策、執行、監督相互制約又相互協調的行政運行機制。

We will work hard to improve our executive ability and earn greater public trust.We will continue to make decision making more scienti c and democratic, and ensure that all of our policies are more suitable to conditions and can stand the test of time.We will strengthen inspection and oversight of policy implementation and ensure that all orders are carried out and all prohibitions are observed.We will strengthen administrative accountability.All persons who are derelict in their duty, fail to do their jobs or do them irresponsibly will be held fully accountable.All localities and departments must implement the decisions and arrangements of the central leadership effectively, and they may never go their own way.Government agencies at all levels and their civil servants must conscientiously abide by the Constitution and laws and carry out their administrative duties in strict accordance with the law.We will effectively improve law enforcement in government administration and work to ensure that laws are enforced in a standard, fair and civil manner.We will accelerate the establishment of a sound operating mechanism for government administration, one that allows decision making, enforcement, and oversight departments to restrain and coordinate with each other.要把反腐倡廉建設擺在重要位置，這直接關系政權的鞏固。各級領導干部特別是高級干部要堅決執行中央關于報告個人經濟和財產，包括收入、住房、投資，以及配偶子女從業等重大事項的規定，并自覺接受紀檢部門的監督。要把查處違法違紀大案要案，作為反腐敗的重要任務。充分發揮監察、審計部門的作用，加強對行政權力運行的監督。要建立健全懲治和預防腐敗體系的各項制度，特別要健全公共資源配置、公共資產交易、公共產品生產等領域的管理制度，增強制度約束力。要堅持勤儉行政，反對鋪張浪費，不斷降低行政成本。嚴格控制樓堂館所建設，禁止高檔裝修辦公樓，加快公務接待、公車使用等制度改革，從嚴控制公費出國出境。切實精簡會議和文件，特別要減少那些形式重于內容的會議、慶典和論壇。要深入推進政務公開，完善各類公開辦事制度和行政復議制度，創造條件讓人民批評政府、監督政府，同時充分發揮新聞輿論的監督作用，讓權力在陽光下運行。

We will give high priority to ghting corruption and encouraging integrity.This has a direct bearing on the rmness of our grip on political power.Leading cadres at all levels, especially high-ranking ones, must resolutely implement the central leadership's regulations on reporting the main facts concerning their personal nancial situations and property, including their incomes, housing and investments, as well as the jobs of their spouses and children, and willingly accept the oversight of departments for discipline inspection.We will make investigating and prosecuting major violations of the law and discipline an important task in the ght against corruption.We will get supervision and auditing departments to fully play their role in strengthening oversight of the exercise of administrative power.We will create a sound body of regulations to prevent and punish corruption, particularly administrative regulations concerning the allocation of public resources, trade in public assets, and the production of public goods, and we will also enhance their binding force.We will run the government diligently and frugally, oppose extravagance and waste, and constantly reduce administrative costs.We will strictly control the construction of of ce buildings for Party and government bodies, prohibit extravagant remodeling of their of ce buildings, accelerate the reform of regulations concerning of cial receptions and the use of of cial cars, and rmly restrict the use of public funds for traveling abroad.We will effectively reduce the number of meetings and documents, particularly meetings, celebrations, and forums that are long on form and short on content.We will promote transparency of administrative affairs, improve regulations for transparent governance and administrative review, create conditions for the people to criticize and oversee the government, let the news media fully play their oversight role, and exercise power openly.我們所做的一切都是要讓人民生活得更加幸福、更有尊嚴，讓社會更加公正、更加和諧。Everything we do we do to ensure that the people live a happier life with more dignity and to make our society fairer and more harmonious.各位代表！Fellow Deputies，促進民族團結，實現共同進步，是中華民族的生命、力量和希望所在。要鞏固和發展平等、團結、互助、和諧的社會主義民族關系。認真落實中央支持少數民族和民族地區發展的政策措施，優先支持邊疆民族地區加快發展。加快完成邊境一線地區危舊房改造，實施游牧民定居工程。新型農村社會養老保險要優先在邊境縣、民族地區貧困縣試點。加大扶持人口較少民族發展力度。繼續推進興邊富民行動。重視保護少數民族文化遺產和民族地區生態環境。切實做好少數民族流動人口公共服務、就業和管理工作，保障他們的合法權益。同時，加強國家意識、公民意識教育。我們要旗幟鮮明地反對民族分裂，維護祖國統一，讓少數民族和民族地區各族群眾充分感受到祖國大家庭的溫暖。

The Chinese nation's life, strength and hope lie in promoting solidarity achieving common progress of our ethnic groups.We must consolidate and develop socialist ethnic relations based on equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony.We will conscientiously implement the policies and measures of the central leadership to support development of ethic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and give high priority to supporting acceleration of the development of ethnic minority border areas.We will accelerate renovation of dilapidated buildings along our borders, and build permanent housing for nomads.Pilot programs for the new system of old-age insurance for rural residents need to be launched rst in border counties and poverty-stricken counties in ethnic minority areas, will increase our support for the development of ethnic groups with itnall populations.We will continue to bring prosperity to border areas and the people who live there.We will give high priority to protecting the cultural heritage of ethnic minorities and the ecosystems in ethnic minority areas.We will do a good job in our work concerning public services and employment for and supervision of oating populations from ethnic minorities, and protect their lawful rights and interests.In addition, we will cultivate national consciousness and the sense of citizenship.We need to take a clear-cut stand against attempts to split the nation, safeguard national unity, and get ethnic minorities and the people of all ethnic groups who live in ethnic minority areas to feel the warmth of the motherland as one large family.我們要全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，依法管理宗教事務。發揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進經濟發展和社會和諧中的積極作用。

We will fully implement the Party's basic policies on religious work, and manage religious affairs in accordance with the law.We will get religious gures and religious believers to fully play their role in promoting economic development and social harmony.我們要認真貫徹黨的僑務政策。維護海外僑胞、歸僑僑眷的合法權益，支持他們傳承中華文化，參與祖國現代化建設和促進和平統一大業。

We will earnestly implement the Party's policy on overseas Chinese affairs.We will safeguard the lawful rights and interests of overseas Chinese and returned overseas Chinese and their relatives, and support them in passing on Chinese culture, participating in the motherland's modernization, and promoting the great cause of peaceful reuni cation.各位代表！Fellow Deputies，過去一年，國防和軍隊現代化建設取得新的成就。人民解放軍和武警部隊圓滿完成國慶首都閱兵、重點地區維穩等重大任務，為維護國家安全和發展利益發揮了重要作用。新的一年，要緊緊圍繞黨和國家工作大局，著眼全面履行新世紀新階段軍隊歷史使命，按照革命化現代化正規化相統一的原則，加強軍隊全面建設。以增強打贏信息化條件下局部戰爭能力為核心，提高應對多種安全威脅、完成多樣化軍事任務的能力。大力加強軍隊思想政治建設。加快全面建設現代后勤步伐。加強國防科研和武器裝備建設。依法治軍、從嚴治軍，提高軍隊正規化水平。積極穩妥地深化國防和軍隊改革。加強武警部隊現代化建設，增強執勤、處置突發事件、反恐、維穩能力。加強國防動員和后備力量建設。各級政府要一如既往地關心支持國防和軍隊建設，鞏固和發展軍政軍民團結。

Last year further achievements were made in the modernization of national defense mid the People's Liberation Army(PLA).The PLA and the People's Armed Police Force completed the major tasks of staging the National Day military parade in the capital and safeguarding stability in key areas, and played an important role in safeguarding the country's security and development interests.This year, we need to focus on the overall work of the Party and government and strengthen all aspects of the army in accordance with the principle of making it more revolutionary, modem, and standardized, so that it can complete its missions in this new stage and this new century.We will concentrate on making the army better able to win informationized local wars, and will enhance its ability to respond to multiple security threats and accomplish a diverse array of military tasks.We will work to strengthen the army ideologically and politically.We will accelerate the comprehensive development of a modem military logistics system.We will intensify R&D on national defense and the development of weapons and equipment.We will run the army strictly and in accordance with the law and make it more standardized.We will actively yet prudently deepen reform of national defense and the army.We will modernize improve the armed police force, and make it better able to carry out its duties, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability.We will strengthen our national defense mobilization and reserve forces.Governments at all levels should, as always, care about and support the strengthening of national defense and the army, and consolidate and develop unity between the army and the government as well as between the army and the people.各位代表！

Fellow Deputies，我們將堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，全力支持香港、澳門保持長期繁榮穩定。支持香港鞏固并提升國際金融、貿易、航運中心地位，發展優勢產業，培育新的經濟增長點。支持澳門發展旅游休閑產業，促進經濟適度多元化。要認真實施珠江三角洲地區改革發展規劃綱要，積極推進港珠澳大橋等大型跨境基礎設施建設和珠海橫琴島開發，深化粵港澳合作，密切內地與港澳的經濟聯系。偉大祖國永遠是香港、澳門的堅強后盾。只要特別行政區政府與各界人士同心協力，包容共濟，共同維護繁榮穩定發展的大局，香港、澳門的明天一定會更加美好。

We will unswervingly implement the principle of “one country, two systems,” under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong, and the people of Macao administer Macao both with a high degree of autonomy, and fully support Hong Kong and Macao in maintaining long-term prosperity and stability.We will support Hong Kong in consolidating and elevating its position as an international nancial, trade, and shipping center;developing industries with local advantages;and fostering new areas of economic growth.We will support Macao in developing its tourism and leisure industry and appropriately diversifying its economy.We will conscientiously implement the Outline of the Program for Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta, vigorously promote the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and other major cross-boundary infrastructure projects as well as the development of Zhuhai's Hengqin Island, deepen cooperation between Guangdong and the Hong Kong and Macao regions, and increase economic ties between the mainland and these two regions.The great motherland will remain a staunch supporter of Hong Kong and Macao forever.As long as the governments of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and their people from all walks of life work together;accommodate and help each other;and jointly safeguard overall prosperity, stability, and development, Hong Kong and Macao will enjoy a brighter future.過去的一年，兩岸關系在新的歷史起點上取得重要進展，呈現和平發展良好勢頭。兩岸交流合作不斷深入，全面直接雙向“三通”得以實現。經濟關系正常化邁出重要步伐，經濟合作制度化建設逐步推進。兩岸關系持續改善和發展，給兩岸同胞帶來了實實在在的利益。Last year relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits made important progress from a historic new starting point, and a positive trend toward peaceful development emerged.Cross-Straits exchanges and cooperation constantly deepened, and complete, direct, two-way mail, transport and trade links were established.We took important steps to normalize cross-Straits economic relations, and economic cooperation between the two sides gradually became institutionalized.The constant improvement and development of cross-Straits relations brought real bene ts to our compatriots on both sides.在新的一年里，我們要繼續堅持發展兩岸關系、促進祖國和平統一的大政方針，牢牢把握兩岸關系和平發展的主題，不斷開創兩岸關系和平發展新局面。密切兩岸經貿金融交往，深化產業合作，支持在大陸的臺資企業發展，維護臺胞合法權益。鼓勵有條件的大陸企業赴臺投資。支持海峽西岸經濟區在兩岸交流合作中發揮先行先試作用。通過商簽兩岸經濟合作框架協議，促進互利共贏，建立具有兩岸特色的經濟合作機制。拓展文化教育交流，共同弘揚中華文化。加強兩岸民眾和社會各界交流，共同分享兩岸關系和平發展成果，進一步凝聚推動兩岸關系和平發展的共識。堅持大陸和臺灣同屬一個中國，鞏固兩岸關系和平發展的政治基礎，增強兩岸政治互信。我們堅信，全體中華兒女同心協力，祖國完全統一的宏偉大業一定能夠實現！

In the new year, we will continue to adhere to the principle of developing cross-Straits relations and promoting peaceful reuni cation of the motherland, rmly embrace the theme of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and constantly create new conditions for it.We will strengthen economic, trade, and nancial contacts between the two sides;deepen industrial cooperation;support the development of Taiwan-funded enterprises on the mainland;and safeguard the lawful rights and interests of our Taiwan compatriots.We will encourage quali ed mainland enterprises to invest in Taiwan.We will support the economic zone in Fujian Province on the west coast of the Straits in playing its role in pioneering new approaches to exchanges and cooperation between the two sides.We will promote a win-win situation, set up an economic cooperation mechanism that re ects the characteristics of both sides by negotiating and signing an economic cooperation framework agreement(ECEA).We will expand cultural and educational exchanges, and work with Taiwan to promote Chinese culture.We will increase exchanges between people from all sectors of society on both sides, so that everyone can share in the fruits of the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and more fully realize the importance of promoting peaceful development.We will uphold the principle that the mainland and Taiwan belong to one and the same China, strengthen the political foundation for the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, and enhance mutual political trust between the two sides.We rmly believe that with the concerted efforts of the Chinese people, we will achieve the complete reuni cation of the motherland.各位代表！Fellow Deputies，過去的一年，外交工作取得新的重大成績。我國積極參加應對國際金融危機、氣候變化等國際合作，在一系列重大多邊會議上發揮了獨特的建設性作用。我們積極開展全方位外交，與各大國、周邊國家和廣大發展中國家的對話合作穩步推進。大力加強人文等領域外交。有效維護我國公民和法人在海外的合法權益。

We achieved new, important results in our diplomatic work last year.We actively participated in international cooperation to respond to the global nancial crisis and climate change, and played a unique, constructive role in a series of major multilateral conferences.We energetically carried out all-round diplomacy, and made steady progress in dialogue and cooperation with major powers, neighboring countries, and developing countries.We greatly strengthened diplomacy in all elds, including cultural diplomacy.We effectively safeguarded the lawful rights and interests of Chinese nationals and corporations overseas.新中國外交走過了60年光輝歷程，在國際舞臺上留下了閃光足跡。我們將繼續發揚光榮傳統，始終高舉和平、發展、合作旗幟，堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策，堅持走和平發展道路，奉行互利共贏的開放戰略，推動建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界，為我國現代化建設創造良好的外部環境。新的一年，我們將繼續以20國集團金融峰會等重大多邊活動為主要平臺，積極參與國際體系變革進程，維護發展中國家利益。統籌協調好雙邊外交與多邊外交、國別區域外交與各領域外交工作，推動我國與各大國、周邊國家和發展中國家的關系全面深入發展。緊緊抓住中國－東盟自貿區全面建成、上海合作組織召開峰會等契機，積極推進區域合作。進一步做好應對氣候變化、能源資源合作等方面的對外工作，在妥善解決熱點問題和全球性問題中發揮建設性作用。中國政府和人民愿與國際社會攜手努力，共同應對風險挑戰，共同分享發展機遇，為世界和平與發展作出新貢獻！

With a splendid, 60-year diplomatic history, New China has left shining footprints on the international stage.We will carry forward our ne traditions;always hold high the banner of peace, development, and cooperation;adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace and the path of peaceful development;pursue an open strategy of mutual bene t;promote the building of a harmonious world with durable peace and common prosperity;and create a favorable external environment for China's modernization.In the new year, we will continue to use the G20 nancial summit and other major multilateral activities as our main platforms for actively participating in the process of change in the international system and safeguarding the interests of developing countries.We will make overall plans for coordinating bilateral and multilateral diplomacy as well as diplomacy with individual countries and regions and in various elds, and promote further, comprehensive development of our relations with major powers, neighboring countries, and developing countries.We will take advantage of the opportunities offered by the completion of the ASEAN-China free trade zone and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit to actively promote regional cooperation.We will continue to carry out diplomatic work in climate change, energy and resource cooperation, and other areas, and play a constructive role in nding proper solutions to hot issues and global problems.The Chinese government and people stand ready to work with the international community to respond to risks and challenges, share development opportunities, and make new contributions to world peace and development.各位代表！

Fellow Deputies，艱辛成就偉業，奮斗創造輝煌。讓我們在以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央領導下，凝聚起億萬人民的智慧和力量，再接再厲，開拓進取，全面完成“十一五”規劃的各項任務，不斷奪取改革開放和社會主義現代化建設事業的新勝利！

Hardship gives birth to great causes, and arduous struggle results in glorious achievements.Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, let us pool the wisdom and strength of the hundreds of millions of our people;redouble our efforts to break fresh ground;complete all the tasks set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan;and constantly win new victories in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.Key words: Income distribution, 'Hukou' reform, Employment, Low-carbon, Housing prices

關鍵詞：收入分配、戶口改革、就業、“低碳”、房價 WORK REVIEW IN 2009 2009年政府工作報告 2010年主要目標

--China's gross domestic product(GDP)reached 33.5 trillion yuan, up 8.7 percent from a year earlier.--2009年國內生產總值達33.5萬億元，比上年增長8.7%。

--Fiscal revenue was 6.85 trillion yuan, up 11.7 percent year on year.財政收入達6.85萬億元，同比增長11.7%。

--Grain production was 531 million tonnes, a new record and increasing for the sixth consecutive year.--糧食產量達5.31億噸，再創歷史新高，實現連續六年增產。

--A total of 11.02 million job opportunities were created for urban residents.--城鎮新增就業1102萬人。

--The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 17,175 yuan, up 9.8 percent in real terms, while the net per capita income of rural residents was 5,153 yuan, rising 8.5 percent in real terms.--城鎮居民人均可支配收入17175元，實際增長9.8%；農村居民人均純收入5153元，實際增長8.5%。

--The central government's public investment was 924.3 billion yuan, 503.8 billion yuan more than in the previous year's budget.--中央政府公共投資9243億元，比上年預算增加5038億元。

--The government invested 654.5 billion yuan to support the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work.--政府投資6545億元用于推進汶川地震災后恢復重建。--The central government used 725.3 billion yuan to support agriculture, rural areas and farmers, an increase of 21.8 percent.--中央財政用于“三農”的支出達7253億元，增長21.8%。

--A total of 20 billion yuan was provided to support 4,441 technological upgrading projects.--安排200億元技改專項資金支持4441個技改項目。

--Last year imports and exports totaled $2.2 trillion.--全年進出口總額達2.2萬億美元。

--Actual utilized foreign direct investment amounted to $90 billion for the entire year.--全年實際利用外商直接投資900億美元。

--The central government spent 127.7 billion yuan on medical and health care, an increase of 49.5 percent.--中央財政醫療衛生支出1277億元，比上年增長49.5%。MAJOR TARGETS for 2010 2010年主要目標

--GDP will grow by about 8 percent.--國內生產總值增長8％左右。

--Urban employment will increase by more than 9 million people.--城鎮新增就業900萬人以上。

--Urban registered unemployment rate will be kept no higher than 4.6 percent.--城鎮登記失業率控制在4.6%以內。

--Rise in the CPI will be held around 3 percent.--居民消費價格漲幅控制在3%左右。--Balance of payments will be improved.--改善國際收支狀況。

--Sound development, and transforming the pattern of economic development will be emphasized.--保持經濟平穩較快發展，調整經濟結構。

China will strictly control new projects this year--中國今年將嚴格控制新開工項目。DEFICIT 財政赤字

--A deficit of 1.05 trillion yuan has been projected, which consists of 850 billion yuan in central government deficit and 200 billion yuan in local government bonds, which will be included in local government budgets.--今年擬安排財政赤字1.05萬億元，其中中央財政赤字8500億元，繼續代發地方債2000億元并納入地方財政預算。

LOANS 貸款

--The total quantity of renminbi loans will be increased by approximately 7.5 trillion yuan.--新增人民幣貸款7.5萬億元左右。EMPLOYMENT 就業

--The central government will allocate 43.3 billion yuan to stimulate employment;--中央財政擬投入433億元用于促進就業。

--Emphasis will be given to helping college graduates, rural migrant workers, people experiencing employment difficulty, and demobilized military personnel find jobs.--重點做好高校畢業生、農民工、就業困難人員就業和退伍轉業軍人就業安置工作。

PROPERTY MARKET 房地產市場

--The government will resolutely curb the precipitous rise of housing prices in some cities and satisfy people's basic need for housing;--政府將堅決遏制部分城市房價過快上漲勢頭，滿足人民群眾的基本住房需求。--The government will make greater efforts to deal with violations of laws and regulations such as keeping land unused, property hoarding, and price rigging.--加大對圈地不建、捂盤惜售、哄抬房價等違法違規行為的查處力度。

INCOME DISTRIBUTION 收入分配

--The central government will not only make the “pie” of social wealth bigger by developing the economy, but also distribute it well on the basis of a rational income distribution system.--中央政府不僅要通過發展經濟，把社會財富這個“蛋糕”做大，也要通過合理的收入分配制度把“蛋糕”分好。

AGRICULTURE 農業

--The central government will allocate 133.5 billion yuan for direct subsidies for farmers, a year-on-year increase of 6.04 billion yuan.中央財政擬安排補貼資金1335億元，比上年增加60.4億元。EDUCATION 教育

--Education reform will be advanced in the system for operating schools, curricula, teaching methods, and evaluation systems.--推進教育改革。對辦學體制、教學內容、教育方法、評價制度等進行系統改革。SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY 科技

--China will make farsighted arrangements for basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies in the fields of biology, nanoscience, quantum control, information networks, climate change, aerospace and oceanography.--前瞻部署生物、納米、量子調控、信息網絡、氣候變化、空天海洋等領域基礎研究和前沿技術研究。

SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM--社會保障體系

--China will steadily move forward with the pilot program for a new old-age insurance system for rural residents by expanding it to 23 percent of the country's counties.--扎實推進新型農村社會養老保險試點，試點范圍擴大到23%的縣。--China to relax “hukou” restrictions in small cities, towns.我國將放寬中小城市和小城鎮戶籍限制。

--China will reform its household registration system and relax restrictions on permanent residence registration, or “hukou”, in towns, small and medium-sized cities.推進戶籍制度改革，放寬中小城市和小城鎮落戶條件。HEALTHCARE 醫療衛生

--China will raise government subsidies on basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and on the new type of rural cooperative medical care system to 120 yuan per person per year, up 50 percent over last year, and appropriately increase rates for individual contributions.--今年要把城鎮居民基本醫保和新農合的財政補助標準提高到120元，比上年增長50%，并適當提高個人繳費標準。FIGHTING CLIMATE CHANGE 應對氣候變化

--China will work hard to develop low-carbon technologies.--中國將大力開發低碳技術。

--China will endeavor to build an industrial system and consumption pattern with low carbon emissions.--要努力建設以低碳排放為特征的產業體系和消費模式。

--China will participate in international cooperation to address climate change and work for further progress in the global fight against climate change;--積極參與應對氣候變化國際合作，推動全球應對氣候變化取得新進展。--The energy-saving capacity will be increased by an equivalent of 80 million tonnes of standard coal.--今年要新增8000萬噸標準煤的節能能力。NATIONAL DEFENSE 國防建設--China will concentrate on making the army better able to win informationized local wars, and will enhance its ability to respond to multiple security threats and accomplish a diverse array of military tasks.--中國將以增強打贏信息化條件下局部戰爭能力為核心，提高應對多種安全威脅、完成多樣化軍事任務的能力。TIBET, XINJIANG 西藏、新疆

--The central government will formulate and implement policies for economic and social development in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces.--重點抓好新疆、西藏和四省（四川、云南、甘肅、青海）藏區經濟社會發展政策的制定和實施工作。HONG KONG, MACAO 香港、澳門

--The central government will support Hong Kong in consolidating and elevating its position as an international financial, trade, and shipping center;developing industries with local advantages;and fostering new areas of economic growth.--中央政府將支持香港鞏固并提升其作為國際金融、貿易和航運中心的地位，發展優勢產業，培育新的經濟增長點。

--The central government will support Macao in developing its tourism and leisure industry and appropriately diversifying its economy.--支持澳門發展旅游休閑產業，促進經濟適度多元化。TAIWAN 臺灣

--The mainland will continue to adhere to the principle of developing cross-Straits relations and promoting peaceful reunification of the motherland, firmly embrace the theme of peaceful development of cross-Strait relations and constantly create new conditions for it.--在新的一年里，我們要繼續堅持發展兩岸關系、促進祖國和平統一的大政方針，牢牢把握兩岸關系和平發展的主題，不斷開創兩岸關系和平發展新局面。--The mainland will encourage qualified enterprises to invest in Taiwan.--鼓勵有條件的大陸企業赴臺投資。--The mainland will promote a win-win situation, set up an economic cooperation mechanism that reflects the characteristics of both sides by negotiating and signing an economic cooperation framework agreement(ECFA).--通過商簽兩岸經濟合作框架協議，促進互利共贏，建立具有兩岸特色的經濟合作機制

第二篇：2018政府工作報告中英對照

政府工作報告

Report on the Work of the Government

——2018年3月5日在第十三屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議上

– Delivered at the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2018

國務院總理 李克強

Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

Fellow Deputies，現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告過去五年政府工作，對今年工作提出建議，請予審議，并請全國政協委員提出意見。

On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the government’s work of the past five years and lay out what we propose for this year’s work for your deliberation and approval.I also invite comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、過去五年工作回顧

I will begin with a review of our work over the past five years.第十二屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議以來的五年，是我國發展進程中極不平凡的五年。面對極其錯綜復雜的國內外形勢，以習近平同志為核心的黨中央團結帶領全國各族人民砥礪前行，統籌推進“五位一體”總體布局，協調推進“四個全面”戰略布局，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設全面開創新局面。黨的十九大確立了習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想的歷史地位，制定了決勝全面建成小康社會、奪取新時代中國特色社會主義偉大勝利的宏偉藍圖和行動綱領，具有重大現實意義和深遠歷史意義。各地區各部門不斷增強政治意識、大局意識、核心意識、看齊意識，深入貫徹落實新發展理念，“十二五”規劃圓滿完成，“十三五”規劃順利實施，經濟社會發展取得歷史性成就、發生歷史性變革。

The five years since the first session of the 12th National People’s Congress(NPC)have been a truly remarkable five years in the course of our country’s development.Facing an extremely complex environment both at home and abroad, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, has rallied and led the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to forge ahead.We have moved forward with the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan* and the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy**, and made new advances on all fronts of reform, opening-up, and socialist modernization.(* The “Five-sphere Integrated Plan” is a plan to promote coordinated economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological advancement.** The “Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy” is a strategy of comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance law-based governance, and strengthen Party self-governance.)At its 19th National Congress, the Party established the position in history of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and mapped out an inspiring blueprint and a program of action for securing a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and for striving for the success of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era.This is of great immediate significance and far-reaching historical significance.All regions and all government departments have strengthened their consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment.The new development philosophy has been thoroughly acted upon, the 12th Five-Year Plan has been fully completed, and implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan has seen smooth progress.In economic and social development we have made historic achievements and seen historic change.五年來，經濟實力躍上新臺階。國內生產總值從54萬億元增加到82.7萬億元，年均增長7.1%，占世界經濟比重從11.4%提高到15%左右，對世界經濟增長貢獻率超過30%。財政收入從11.7萬億元增加到17.3萬億元。居民消費價格年均上漲1.9%，保持較低水平。城鎮新增就業6600萬人以上，13億多人口的大國實現了比較充分就業。Over the past five years, economic strength has reached a new high.China’s gross domestic product(GDP)has risen from 54 trillion to 82.7 trillion yuan, registering average annual growth of 7.1 percent;and its share in the global economy has grown to roughly 15 percent, up from 11.4 percent.China’s contribution to global growth has exceeded 30 percent.Government revenue has increased from 11.7 trillion to 17.3 trillion yuan.Consumer prices rose at an average annual rate of 1.9 percent, maintaining a relatively low level of growth.More than 66 million new urban jobs have been added, and our country, with its population of over 1.3 billion, has achieved relatively full employment.五年來，經濟結構出現重大變革。消費貢獻率由54.9%提高到58.8%，服務業比重從45.3%上升到51.6%，成為經濟增長主動力。高技術制造業年均增長11.7%。糧食生產能力達到1.2萬億斤。城鎮化率從52.6%提高到58.5%，8000多萬農業轉移人口成為城鎮居民。

Over the past five years, the structure of the Chinese economy has seen a major transformation.With the share of the service sector rising from 45.3 to 51.6 percent of the economy, consumption’s contribution to growth has increased from 54.9 to 58.8 percent, becoming the main driver of growth.High-tech manufacturing has achieved an average annual increase of 11.7 percent, and the annual grain yield has reached 600 million metric tons.China’s urbanization rate has risen from 52.6 to 58.5 percent, and more than 80 million people who have relocated from rural to urban areas have gained permanent urban residency.五年來，創新驅動發展成果豐碩。全社會研發投入年均增長11%，規模躍居世界第二位。科技進步貢獻率由52.2%提高到57.5%。載人航天、深海探測、量子通信、大飛機等重大創新成果不斷涌現。高鐵網絡、電子商務、移動支付、共享經濟等引領世界潮流。“互聯網+”廣泛融入各行各業。大眾創業、萬眾創新蓬勃發展，日均新設企業由5千多戶增加到1萬6千多戶。快速崛起的新動能，正在重塑經濟增長格局、深刻改變生產生活方式，成為中國創新發展的新標志。

Over the past five years, innovation-driven development has yielded fruitful outcomes.China’s investment in research and development(R&D)has grown at an average annual rate of 11 percent, ranking second in the world in scale.The contribution of technological advances to economic growth has risen from 52.2 to 57.5 percent.In manned spaceflight, deep-water exploration, quantum communications, large aircraft development, and more, China has seen a stream of major outcomes of innovation.In high-speed rail, e-commerce, mobile payments, and the sharing economy, China is leading the world.The Internet Plus model has permeated every industry and every field.Business startups and innovation are thriving all over the country, and the average number of new businesses opened daily has risen from over 5,000 to more than 16,000.Rapidly emerging new growth drivers are reshaping China’s growth model, are profoundly changing the way we live and work, and have become a new hallmark of China’s innovation-driven development.五年來，改革開放邁出重大步伐。改革全面發力、多點突破、縱深推進，重要領域和關鍵環節改革取得突破性進展。簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務等改革推動政府職能發生深刻轉變，市場活力和社會創造力明顯增強。“一帶一路”建設成效顯著，對外貿易和利用外資結構優化、規模穩居世界前列。

Over the past five years, significant headway has been made in reform and opening-up.In reform, we have made strong moves across the board, secured major advances in many areas, and driven deeper in pursuing progress, making breakthroughs in reforms in important fields and key links.Reforms to streamline administration and delegate powers, improve regulation, and optimize services, have driven profound shifts in the functions of government, and significantly strengthened market dynamism and public creativity.The Belt and Road Initiative has been making major progress.The composition of both Chinese foreign trade and foreign investment in China has been improved, with volumes ranking among the largest in the world.五年來，人民生活持續改善。脫貧攻堅取得決定性進展，貧困人口減少6800多萬，易地扶貧搬遷830萬人，貧困發生率由10.2%下降到3.1%。居民收入年均增長7.4%、超過經濟增速，形成世界上人口最多的中等收入群體。出境旅游人次由8300萬增加到1億3千多萬。社會養老保險覆蓋9億多人，基本醫療保險覆蓋13.5億人，織就了世界上最大的社會保障網。人均預期壽命達到76.7歲。棚戶區住房改造2600多萬套，農村危房改造1700多萬戶，上億人喜遷新居。

Over the past five years, living standards have been constantly improving.We have made decisive progress in the fight against poverty: More than 68 million people have been lifted out of poverty, including a total of 8.3 million relocated from inhospitable areas, and the poverty headcount ratio has dropped from 10.2 to 3.1 percent.Personal income has increased by an annual average of 7.4 percent, outpacing economic growth and creating the world’s largest middle-income group.Tourist departures have grown from 83 million to over 130 million.Social old-age pension schemes now cover more than 900 million people, and the basic health insurance plans cover 1.35 billion people, forming the largest social safety net in the world.On average, life expectancy has reached 76.7 years.Over 26 million housing units have been rebuilt in rundown urban areas, and more than 17 million dilapidated houses have been renovated in rural areas.Thanks to these efforts, more than one hundred million Chinese have moved into new homes.五年來，生態環境狀況逐步好轉。制定實施大氣、水、土壤污染防治三個“十條”并取得扎實成效。單位國內生產總值能耗、水耗均下降20%以上，主要污染物排放量持續下降，重點城市重污染天數減少一半，森林面積增加1.63億畝，沙化土地面積年均縮減近2000平方公里，綠色發展呈現可喜局面。

Over the past five years, the environment has seen gradual improvement.To address air, water, and soil pollution, we have designed and enforced a ten-point list of measures for each and achieved solid progress.Both energy and water consumption per unit of GDP have fallen more than 20 percent, the release of major pollutants has been consistently declining, and the number of days of heavy air pollution in key cities has fallen 50 percent.Forest coverage has increased by 10.87 million hectares, and the area of desertified land has been reduced by close to 2,000 square kilometers on average each year.Encouraging progress has been made in green development.剛剛過去的2017年，經濟社會發展主要目標任務全面完成并好于預期。國內生產總值增長6.9%，居民收入增長7.3%，增速均比上年有所加快；城鎮新增就業1351萬人，失業率為多年來最低；工業增速回升，企業利潤增長21%；財政收入增長7.4%，扭轉了增速放緩態勢；進出口增長14.2%，實際使用外資1363億美元、創歷史新高。經濟發展呈現出增長與質量、結構、效益相得益彰的良好局面。這是五年來一系列重大政策效應累積，各方面不懈努力、久久為功的結果。

In the year just passed, all main targets and tasks for economic and social development were accomplished and performance has exceeded expectations.GDP grew 6.9 percent and personal income rose 7.3 percent, both beating the previous year’s growth rates.Around 13.51 million new urban jobs were created, and the jobless rate was the lowest in recent years.Industrial growth began to rebound, and corporate profits increased 21 percent.Government revenue grew 7.4 percent, reversing the slowdown in growth.The total import and export value rose 14.2 percent.Inward foreign investment reached 136.3 billion U.S.dollars, hitting a new all-time high.The state of play in the economy was good, with growth and quality, structural improvement, and performance each reinforcing the other.This is the result of the cumulative effect of a raft of major policies over the past five years and of consistent efforts in all areas of endeavor.過去五年取得的全方位、開創性成就，發生的深層次、根本性變革，再次令世界矚目，全國各族人民倍感振奮和自豪。

Over the past five years, the ground-breaking achievements made on every front and the profound and fundamental changes that have taken place, have attracted global attention and are the pride and inspiration of all of us in China.五年來，我們認真貫徹以習近平同志為核心的黨中央決策部署，主要做了以下工作。

Over the past five years, we have worked with dedication to implement the decisions and plans made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core.The following are the highlights of that work:

（一）堅持穩中求進工作總基調，著力創新和完善宏觀調控，經濟運行保持在合理區間、實現穩中向好。

First, with a commitment to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, we have focused on developing new and better approaches to macro regulation, kept major indicators within an appropriate range, and achieved stable, positive economic performance.這些年，世界經濟復蘇乏力，國際金融市場跌宕起伏，保護主義明顯抬頭。我國經濟發展中結構性問題和深層次矛盾凸顯，經濟下行壓力持續加大，遇到不少兩難多難抉擇。面對這種局面，我們保持戰略定力，堅持不搞“大水漫灌”式強刺激，而是適應把握引領經濟發展新常態，統籌穩增長、促改革、調結構、惠民生、防風險，不斷創新和完善宏觀調控，確立區間調控的思路和方式，加強定向調控、相機調控、精準調控。明確強調只要經濟運行在合理區間，就業增加、收入增長、環境改善，就集中精力促改革、調結構、添動力。采取既利當前更惠長遠的舉措，著力推進供給側結構性改革，適度擴大總需求，推動實現更高層次的供需動態平衡。經過艱辛努力，我們頂住了經濟下行壓力、避免了“硬著陸”，保持了經濟中高速增長，促進了結構優化，經濟長期向好的基本面不斷鞏固和發展。

The past few years have witnessed anemic world economic recovery, volatility in global financial markets, and a sharp rise in protectionism.In China, structural issues and underlying problems have become more acute, downward pressure on the economy has continued to mount, and we have met with no small number of dilemmas.In confronting this new environment, we have maintained strategic focus and refrained from resorting to a deluge of strong stimulus policies.Instead, we have adapted to, addressed, and steered the new normal in economic development, and taken coordinated steps to ensure steady growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risk.We have made fresh innovations in and refined macro regulation, developed the idea of and ways to achieve ranged-based regulation, and enhanced targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation.We have been clear that as long as the major economic indicators are within an acceptable range, with employment growing, incomes increasing, and the environment improving, then our energies should be focused on advancing reform, making structural adjustments, and adding growth drivers.We have adopted measures that are good for the near term and even better for the long term, made strong moves to advance supply-side structural reform, appropriately expanded aggregate demand, and worked for a dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand at a higher level.With grit and determination, we have overcome downward pressure on the economy, avoided a “hard landing,” maintained a medium-high growth rate, and promoted structural upgrading.The economic fundamentals that will sustain long-term growth have been cemented and enhanced.堅持實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策。在財政收支矛盾較大情況下，著眼“放水養魚”、增強后勁，我國率先大幅減稅降費。分步驟全面推開營改增，結束了66年的營業稅征收歷史，累計減稅超過2萬億元，加上采取小微企業稅收優惠、清理各種收費等措施，共減輕市場主體負擔3萬多億元。加強地方政府債務管理，實施地方政府存量債務置換，降低利息負擔1.2萬億元。調整財政支出結構，盤活沉淀資金，保障基本民生和重點項目。財政赤字率一直控制在3%以內。貨幣政策保持穩健中性，廣義貨幣M2增速呈下降趨勢，信貸和社會融資規模適度增長。采取定向降準、專項再貸款等差別化政策，加強對重點領域和薄弱環節支持，小微企業貸款增速高于各項貸款平均增速。改革完善匯率市場化形成機制，保持人民幣匯率基本穩定，外匯儲備轉降為升。妥善應對“錢荒”等金融市場異常波動，規范金融市場秩序，防范化解重點領域風險，守住了不發生系統性風險的底線，維護了國家經濟金融安全。

We have continued to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.Despite a fairly big imbalance between government revenue and expenditure, China has led the way in slashing taxes and fees with the aim of using accommodative measures to strengthen the basis for sustained growth.Step by step, we have extended the replacement of business tax with value added tax(VAT)to all sectors across the country, calling time on the 66-year history of business tax.The result so far has been a tax cut of more than 2 trillion yuan.We have also adopted measures like preferential tax policies for small low-profit businesses and an overhaul of different types of fees.All in all, our market entities have seen savings of more than 3 trillion yuan.We have strengthened management over local government debt, and issued local government bonds to replace outstanding debt, cutting interest liability by 1.2 trillion yuan.We have adjusted the structure of government expenditure, put idle funds to work, and ensured the spending for undertaking major projects and meeting basic public needs.The deficit-to-GDP ratio has been kept within 3 percent.Monetary policy has remained prudent and neutral.The M2 money supply growth rate has been trending downward, while credit and aggregate financing have seen moderate growth.Differentiated policies, such as targeted reserve requirement ratio cuts and targeted re-lending, have been adopted to strengthen support for key fields and weak links.The growth of loans to small and micro businesses has outstripped the average growth in lending.We have reformed and improved the market-based exchange rate mechanism and kept the RMB exchange rate basically stable;and foreign exchange reserves are now rising not falling.We have responded appropriately to abnormal market fluctuations such as the cash crunch, brought better order to the financial markets, prevented and diffused risks in key sectors, forestalled systemic risks, and thus safeguarded China’s economic and financial security.（二）堅持以供給側結構性改革為主線，著力培育壯大新動能，經濟結構加快優化升級。緊緊依靠改革破解經濟發展和結構失衡難題，大力發展新興產業，改造提升傳統產業，提高供給體系質量和效率。

Second, with a commitment to treating supply-side structural reform as our main task, we have focused on fostering new growth drivers to speed up economic structural upgrading.We have persevered in relying on reform to overcome economic difficulties and address structural imbalances, made a big push to foster emerging industries, overhauled and strengthened traditional industries, and improved the quality and performance of the supply system.扎實推進“三去一降一補”。五年來，在淘汰水泥、平板玻璃等落后產能基礎上，以鋼鐵、煤炭等行業為重點加大去產能力度，中央財政安排1000億元專項獎補資金予以支持，用于分流職工安置。退出鋼鐵產能1.7億噸以上、煤炭產能8億噸，安置分流職工110多萬人。因城施策分類指導，三四線城市商品住宅去庫存取得明顯成效，熱點城市房價漲勢得到控制。積極穩妥去杠桿，控制債務規模，增加股權融資，工業企業資產負債率連續下降，宏觀杠桿率漲幅明顯收窄、總體趨于穩定。多措并舉降成本，壓減政府性基金項目30%，削減中央政府層面設立的涉企收費項目60%以上，階段性降低“五險一金”繳費比例，推動降低用能、物流、電信等成本。突出重點加大補短板力度。

Solid work has moved us forward in the five priority tasks of cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness.Over the past five years, building on work to cut backward production capacity in the cement, plate glass, and other industries, we have intensified efforts to cut overcapacity, prioritizing industries such as steel and coal;and a 100-billion-yuan fund for rewards and subsidies has been put in place by the central government to support efforts to assist affected employees.We have cut steel production capacity by more than 170 million metric tons and coal production capacity by 800 million metric tons, and over 1.1 million affected employees have been assisted.Thanks to city-specific policies and category-specific guidance, clear progress has been made in reducing commercial residential housing inventory in third-and fourth-tier cities, and the growth of housing prices in the most popular cities has been brought under control.We have taken active and prudent steps to deleverage, control the scale of debts, and expand equity finance.The debt-to-asset ratio of industrial enterprises has been consistently declining.Macro leverage ratio is increasing by much smaller margins and is generally stable.We have used a combination of measures to bring down costs: 30 percent of government-managed funds and fees have been cut;over 60 percent of the fees and charges levied on businesses by the central government have been abolished;the ratio of enterprise contributions to old-age pension, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, and maternity insurance, workers’ compensation, and housing provident fund schemes has been reduced for the time being, and work has been done to lower energy, logistics, and telecommunications costs.We have stepped up efforts to strengthen areas of weakness, with a focus on key issues.加快新舊發展動能接續轉換。深入開展“互聯網+”行動，實行包容審慎監管，推動大數據、云計算、物聯網廣泛應用，新興產業蓬勃發展，傳統產業深刻重塑。實施“中國制造2025”，推進工業強基、智能制造、綠色制造等重大工程，先進制造業加快發展。出臺現代服務業改革發展舉措，服務新業態新模式異軍突起，促進了各行業融合升級。深化農業供給側結構性改革，新型經營主體大批涌現，種植業適度規模經營比重從30%提升到40%以上。采取措施增加中低收入者收入，推動傳統消費提檔升級、新興消費快速興起，網上零售額年均增長30%以上，社會消費品零售總額年均增長11.3%。優化投資結構，鼓勵民間投資，發揮政府投資撬動作用，引導更多資金投向強基礎、增后勁、惠民生領域。高速鐵路運營里程從9000多公里增加到2萬5千公里、占世界三分之二，高速公路里程從9.6萬公里增加到13.6萬公里，新建改建農村公路127萬公里，新建民航機場46個，開工重大水利工程122項，完成新一輪農村電網改造，建成全球最大的移動寬帶網。五年來，發展新動能迅速壯大，經濟增長實現由主要依靠投資、出口拉動轉向依靠消費、投資、出口協同拉動，由主要依靠第二產業帶動轉向依靠三次產業共同帶動。這是我們多年想實現而沒有實現的重大結構性變革。

We have sped up the replacement of old growth drivers.We have done more in carrying out the Internet Plus Initiative, exercised accommodative and prudential regulation, and promoted the extensive application of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things;emerging industries have achieved vigorous growth, and traditional industries have undergone a thorough remodeling.Implementation of the Made in China 2025 Initiative has brought progress in major projects like the building of robust industrial foundations, smart manufacturing, and green manufacturing, and has accelerated the development of advanced manufacturing.We unveiled reform and development measures to foster modern services;and this has led to a marked rise in new forms of business in the services sector and new service models as well as the integration and upgrading of multiple sectors.Deepened supply-side structural reform in agriculture has brought the emergence of a large number of new types of agribusiness.The share of appropriately scaled-up farming has increased from 30 to over 40 percent.We have taken measures to increase the incomes of those in low-and middle-income brackets, and helped to see an upgrading of traditional forms of consumption, and a boom in new forms of consumption.Online retail sales have been growing at an average annual rate of over 30 percent, and total retail sales of consumer goods have enjoyed an average annual increase of 11.3 percent.We have improved the composition of investment, encouraged private investment, used government investment to play a catalytic role, and guided more funding toward areas that strengthen the economic foundation, enhance sustainability, and improve people’s lives.China’s in-operation high-speed railways have grown from over 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers, accounting for two thirds of the world’s total.Our expressways have grown from 96,000 to 136,000 kilometers.We have built or upgraded 1.27 million kilometers of rural roads, built 46 new civilian airports, and begun work on 122 major water conservancy projects.We have completed the latest round of rural power grid upgrading, and put in place the largest mobile broadband network in the world.Over the past five years, new growth drivers have rapidly grown in strength.Economic growth, in the past mainly driven by investment and exports, is now being fueled by consumption, investment, and exports.In the past dependent mainly on secondary industry, growth is now powered by a combination of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries.This is a major structural transformation that for years our sights have been set on, but we were always unable to achieve.推進供給側結構性改革，必須破除要素市場化配置障礙，降低制度性交易成本。針對長期存在的重審批、輕監管、弱服務問題，我們持續深化“放管服”改革，加快轉變政府職能，減少微觀管理、直接干預，注重加強宏觀調控、市場監管和公共服務。五年來，國務院部門行政審批事項削減44%，非行政許可審批徹底終結，中央政府層面核準的企業投資項目減少90%，行政審批中介服務事項壓減74%，職業資格許可和認定大幅減少。中央政府定價項目縮減80%，地方政府定價項目縮減50%以上。全面改革工商登記、注冊資本等商事制度，企業開辦時間縮短三分之一以上。創新和加強事中事后監管，實行“雙隨機、一公開”，隨機抽取檢查人員和檢查對象、及時公開查處結果，提高了監管效能和公正性。推行“互聯網+政務服務”，實施一站式服務等舉措。營商環境持續改善，市場活力明顯增強，群眾辦事更加便利。

Advancing supply-side structural reform demands removing barriers to market based allocation of the factors of production and reducing government-imposed transaction costs.To address the longstanding issues of excessive emphasis on approval procedures, insufficient attention to regulatory processes, and a failure to provide strong services, we have been consistently deepening reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, improve regulation, and strengthen services.We have sped up efforts to transform government functions, reduced micromanagement and direct intervention, and done more to improve macro regulation, market regulation, and public services.Over the past five years, the number of items subject to approval by State Council offices and departments has been slashed by 44 percent, the practice of non-administrative approval has been completely put to a stop, the number of business investment items subject to central government approval has been cut by 90 percent, intermediary services needed for obtaining government approval have been cut by 74 percent, and the requirements for professional qualification approval and accreditation have been significantly reduced.The number of items for which central government sets the prices has been cut back by 80 percent, and local government-priced items have been cut down by over 50 percent.Comprehensive reforms have swept the business system, including business and capital registration, reducing the time it takes to start a business by over a third.We have developed new and better ways of conducting compliance oversight, and introduced a new model of oversight combining randomly selected inspectors who inspect randomly selected entities and the prompt release of results.These efforts have made regulation more effective and impartial.We have rolled out the Internet Plus Government Services model and adopted measures such as the one-stop service model.Thanks to the above reforms, the business environment has consistently improved, the market is more energized, and people can access government services more easily.（三）堅持創新引領發展，著力激發社會創造力，整體創新能力和效率顯著提高。實施創新驅動發展戰略，優化創新生態，形成多主體協同、全方位推進的創新局面。擴大科研機構和高校科研自主權，改進科研項目和經費管理，深化科技成果權益管理改革。支持北京、上海建設科技創新中心，新設14個國家自主創新示范區，帶動形成一批區域創新高地。以企業為主體加強技術創新體系建設，涌現一批具有國際競爭力的創新型企業和新型研發機構。深入開展大眾創業、萬眾創新，實施普惠性支持政策，完善孵化體系。各類市場主體達到9800多萬戶，五年增加70%以上。國內有效發明專利擁有量增加兩倍，技術交易額翻了一番。我國科技創新由跟跑為主轉向更多領域并跑、領跑，成為全球矚目的創新創業熱土。

Third, with a commitment to innovation-driven development, and a focus on unlocking public creativity, we have achieved a remarkable improvement in our general capacity for making innovations and for seeing that innovation delivers.We have put into action the innovation-driven development strategy and worked to build a better ecosystem for innovation, giving shape to innovation involving multiple actors making across-the-board advances.Research institutes and universities now have greater say over their research;research projects and funding are better managed, and the way of managing rights and interests relating to scientific and technological advances has undergone reform.We have supported Beijing and Shanghai in building themselves into centers for scientific and technological innovation, and set up 14 new national innovation demonstration zones, thus creating a number of regional innovation hubs.With enterprises as the main actors, we have boosted the development of a system for technological innovation.China has seen the emergence of a number of world-class innovative enterprises and new-type R&D institutions.We have launched and taken bold moves in the nationwide business startup and innovation initiative, adopted support policies designed to benefit all entrepreneurs and innovators, and improved the incubation system.China’s market entities, all types included, now total over 98 million, an increase of more than 70 percent over the past five years.The number of in-force Chinese invention patents issued in China has tripled, and the volume of technology transactions has doubled.In the global race of scientific and technological innovation, China has shifted place, from following others to keeping pace and even leading the pack in more and more areas.Our country has become a globally recognized fertile ground for innovation and business ventures.（四）堅持全面深化改革，著力破除體制機制弊端，發展動力不斷增強。國企國資改革扎實推進，公司制改革基本完成，兼并重組、壓減層級、提質增效取得積極進展。國有企業效益明顯好轉，去年利潤增長23.5%。深化能源、鐵路、鹽業等領域改革。放寬非公有制經濟市場準入。建立不動產統一登記制度。完善產權保護制度。財稅改革取得重大進展，全面推行財政預決算公開，構建以共享稅為主的中央和地方收入分配格局，啟動中央與地方財政事權和支出責任劃分改革，中央對地方一般性轉移支付規模大幅增加、專項轉移支付項目減少三分之二。基本放開利率管制，建立存款保險制度，推動大中型商業銀行設立普惠金融事業部，深化政策性、開發性金融機構改革，強化金融監管協調機制。完善城鄉義務教育均衡發展促進機制，改革考試招生制度。建立統一的城鄉居民基本養老、醫療保險制度，實現機關事業單位和企業養老保險制度并軌。出臺劃轉部分國有資本充實社保基金方案。實施醫療、醫保、醫藥聯動改革，全面推開公立醫院綜合改革，取消長期實行的藥品加成政策，藥品醫療器械審批制度改革取得突破。推進農村承包地“三權”分置改革、確權面積超過80%，改革重要農產品收儲制度。完善主體功能區制度，建立生態文明績效考評和責任追究制度，推行河長制、湖長制，開展省級以下環保機構垂直管理制度改革試點。各領域改革的深化，推動了經濟社會持續健康發展。

Fourth, with a commitment to deepening reform across the board, we have taken major steps to remove institutional barriers, thus steadily boosting the driving forces powering development.Solid progress has been made in the reform of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)and state assets;the reform to convert SOEs into standard companies has now basically been completed;and efforts to merge and restructure, reduce the organizational levels in, and improve the quality and efficiency of SOEs have made good progress.The performance of SOEs has been much improved, with profits last year growing by 23.5 percent.We have deepened reform in sectors like energy, rail, and the salt industry.Market access to the non-public sector has been expanded.An integrated registration system for immovable property has been put in place, and the property rights protection system has been improved.Fiscal and tax reforms have made major progress.We have introduced the requirement nationwide for government budgets and final accounts to be released to the public, developed a system based mainly on tax sharing for dividing revenue between central and local government, launched the reform to define the respective financial powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local government, and significantly scaled up general transfer payments from central to local government, while also cutting by two thirds the number of items for which special purpose transfer payments are made.We have largely lifted controls on interest rates, established a deposit insurance system, encouraged large and medium commercial banks to set up inclusive finance divisions, deepened the reform of policy-backed and development financial institutions, and strengthened the mechanisms for coordinating financial regulation.We have improved the mechanisms for promoting more balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education, and reformed the examination and enrollment systems.We have established unified basic pension and health insurance schemes for rural and non-working urban residents, and brought government office and public institution pension schemes into line with enterprise schemes.We have unveiled a plan for appropriating a share of state capital to replenish social security funds.We have carried out coordinated medical service, medical insurance, and pharmaceutical reforms.We have introduced a comprehensive reform in all public hospitals, rescinded the policy, long in effect, of allowing hospitals to profit from higher priced medicine, and made breakthroughs in the reform of approval systems for medicine and medical devices.We have pursued reform to separate rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and use rights, and already seen that over 80 percent of contracted rural land covered by this reform.We have reformed the system for purchasing and stockpiling important agricultural products.We have improved the functional zoning system, established performance evaluation and accountability systems for ecological conservation, and instituted the river chief and lake chief systems.We have piloted a system placing government environmental offices below the provincial level directly under the supervision of provincial-level environmental offices.The deepening of reform in each and every field has given a boost to sustained, healthy economic and social development.（五）堅持對外開放的基本國策，著力實現合作共贏，開放型經濟水平顯著提升。倡導和推動共建“一帶一路”，發起創辦亞投行，設立絲路基金，一批重大互聯互通、經貿合作項目落地。設立上海等11個自貿試驗區，一批改革試點成果向全國推廣。改革出口退稅負擔機制、退稅增量全部由中央財政負擔，設立13個跨境電商綜合試驗區，國際貿易“單一窗口”覆蓋全國，貨物通關時間平均縮短一半以上，進出口實現回穩向好。外商投資由審批制轉向負面清單管理，限制性措施削減三分之二。外商投資結構優化，高技術產業占比提高一倍。加大引智力度，來華工作的外國專家增加40%。引導對外投資健康發展。推進國際產能合作，高鐵、核電等裝備走向世界。新簽和升級8個自由貿易協定。滬港通、深港通、債券通相繼啟動，人民幣加入國際貨幣基金組織特別提款權貨幣籃子，人民幣國際化邁出重要步伐。中國開放的擴大，有力促進了自身發展，給世界帶來重大機遇。

Fifth, with a commitment to China’s fundamental policy of opening-up, we have focused on promoting win-win cooperation, and significantly improved the performance of our country’s open economy.We have launched and worked with other countries in the Belt and Road Initiative.We initiated the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, set up the Silk Road Fund, and launched a number of major connectivity and economic and trade cooperation initiatives.Beginning with the China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone, we have established 11 pilot free trade zones.A number of successful outcomes from pilot reforms are now being applied nationwide.We have reformed the cost-sharing mechanism for export tax rebates, and the central government now pays the full sum of increases in export tax rebates.We have set up 13 comprehensive experimental zones for cross-border e-commerce.Single-window document processing for international trade has been applied nationwide, cutting the average time for customs clearance by over half.Imports and exports have rebounded and steadily grown.For foreign investment, we have replaced the approval system with a negative list model, and have cut restrictions by two thirds.The composition of foreign investment has improved, with investment in high-tech industries doubling.We have intensified efforts to attract talent, and the number of foreign experts working in China has grown by 40 percent.We have guided the healthy development of outbound investment.We have moved forward with international cooperation on production capacity;high-speed rail, nuclear power, and other types of Chinese equipment have entered international markets.We have signed or upgraded eight free trade agreements.We have launched the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect, the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect, and the Bond Connect.The RMB was included in the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights basket, representing a major step forward in its internationalization.China has opened its doors wider to the world.This opening has played a powerful role in our own development, and it presents important opportunities for the rest of the world.（六）堅持實施區域協調發展和新型城鎮化戰略，著力推動平衡發展，新的增長極增長帶加快成長。積極推進京津冀協同發展、長江經濟帶發展，編制實施相關規劃，建設一批重點項目。出臺一系列促進西部開發、東北振興、中部崛起、東部率先發展的改革創新舉措。加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區扶持力度，加強援藏援疆援青工作。海洋保護和開發有序推進。實施重點城市群規劃，促進大中小城市和小城鎮協調發展。絕大多數城市放寬落戶限制，居住證制度全面實施，城鎮基本公共服務向常住人口覆蓋。城鄉區域發展協調性顯著增強。

Sixth, with a commitment to implementing the coordinated regional development and new urbanization strategies, we have promoted more balanced development, and seen new growth poles and belts developing faster.We have actively pursued coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, and the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, drawn up and implemented related plans, and undertaken a number of key projects.We have unveiled a whole series of reforms and innovative measures to see the western region develop, northeast China revitalized, the central region rise, and the eastern region spearhead development.We have stepped up support for old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas, and strengthened aid work in Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai.We have steadily moved forward with protecting and developing maritime resources.We have implemented plans for developing major city clusters, and pursued more balanced development of small, medium, and large cities, and small towns.The vast majority of cities in China have eased restrictions on permanent residency.A residence card system has been put into effect nationwide, and basic urban public services now cover all permanent residents.Development between urban and rural areas and between regions has become better coordinated.（七）堅持以人民為中心的發展思想，著力保障和改善民生，人民群眾獲得感不斷增強。在財力緊張情況下，持續加大民生投入。全面推進精準扶貧、精準脫貧，健全中央統籌、省負總責、市縣抓落實的工作機制，中央財政五年投入專項扶貧資金2800多億元。實施積極的就業政策，重點群體就業得到較好保障。堅持教育優先發展，財政性教育經費占國內生產總值比例持續超過4%。改善農村義務教育薄弱學校辦學條件，提高鄉村教師待遇，營養改善計劃惠及3600多萬農村學生。啟動世界一流大學和一流學科建設。重點高校專項招收農村和貧困地區學生人數由1萬人增加到10萬人。加大對各類學校家庭困難學生資助力度，4.3億人次受益。勞動年齡人口平均受教育年限提高到10.5年。居民基本醫保人均財政補助標準由240元提高到450元，大病保險制度基本建立、已有1700多萬人次受益，異地就醫住院費用實現直接結算，分級診療和醫聯體建設加快推進。持續合理提高退休人員基本養老金。提高低保、優撫等標準，完善社會救助制度，近6000萬低保人員和特困群眾基本生活得到保障。建立困難和重度殘疾人“兩項補貼”制度，惠及2100多萬人。實施全面兩孩政策。加快發展文化事業，文化產業年均增長13%以上。全民健身廣泛開展，體育健兒勇創佳績。

Seventh, with a commitment to a people-centered development philosophy, we have endeavored to ensure and improve living standards and seen the growing satisfaction of the people.Despite fiscal constraints, we have consistently increased spending on improving people’s living standards.We have made comprehensive moves in targeted poverty reduction and alleviation, and built a robust working mechanism with central government responsible for overall planning, provincial-level governments assuming overall responsibility, and city and county governments responsible for program implementation.Over the past five years, the central government has appropriated over 280 billion yuan to fund poverty reduction.We have implemented a proactive employment policy and ensured that key target groups have better access to employment.We have been committed to prioritizing the development of education;and government spending on education has remained above four percent of GDP.In rural areas, we have improved conditions in badly built and poorly operated schools providing compulsory education, and increased the pay packages of teachers, and our Better Nutrition Plan has benefited more than 36 million students.We have launched an initiative to build world-class universities and world-class disciplines.The number of students from rural and poor areas enrolled in key universities through special programs has grown from 10,000 to 100,000.We have increased financial aid to students from financially-challenged families studying in all types of schools, giving out 430 million grants in total.The average length of schooling of the working-age population has been raised to 10.5 years.Government subsidies for basic medical insurance schemes have been increased from 240 to 450 yuan per person;the serious disease insurance system is basically in place, and has already benefited more than 17 million people;the costs of hospitalization can now be settled where incurred;and the development of tiered medical diagnosis and treatment and healthcare consortiums has picked up pace.We have consistently made appropriate increases to basic old-age pensions for retirees.We have raised subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, and other allowances, and improved the social assistance system, ensuring the livelihoods of close to 60 million people on subsistence allowances or living in extreme poverty.We have put in place a system to provide living allowances for people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing care subsidies for people with serious disabilities, a system that has benefited over 21 million people.All couples can now have two children.We have moved faster to develop cultural programs, and seen the cultural industry grow at an average annual rate of over 13 percent.We have carried out Fitness-for-All programs, which are now in full swing;and Chinese athletes have excelled in competition.（八）堅持人與自然和諧發展，著力治理環境污染，生態文明建設取得明顯成效。樹立綠水青山就是金山銀山理念，以前所未有的決心和力度加強生態環境保護。重拳整治大氣污染，重點地區細顆粒物（PM2.5）平均濃度下降30%以上。加強散煤治理，推進重點行業節能減排，71%的煤電機組實現超低排放。優化能源結構，煤炭消費比重下降8.1個百分點，清潔能源消費比重提高6.3個百分點。提高燃油品質，淘汰黃標車和老舊車2000多萬輛。加強重點流域海域水污染防治，化肥農藥使用量實現零增長。推進重大生態保護和修復工程，擴大退耕還林還草還濕，加強荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失綜合治理。開展中央環保督察，嚴肅查處違法案件。積極推動《巴黎協定》簽署生效，我國在應對全球氣候變化中發揮了重要作用。

Eighth, with a commitment to achieving harmony between human and nature, we have taken major steps to address pollution, and achieved notable progress in ecological conservation.We have established the notion that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and acted with resolve and intensity as never before to strengthen environmental protection.We have struck out hard against air pollution, thus achieving a drop of over 30 percent in the average density of fine particulate matter(PM2.5)in key areas.We have done more to reduce the use of low quality coal, pushed for progress in energy conservation and emission reductions in key industries, and seen 71 percent of coal-fired power plants achieving ultra-low emissions.We have improved the energy mix, cutting the share of coal consumption by 8.1 percentage points and increasing the share of clean energy consumption by 6.3 percentage points.We have improved fuel quality, and taken over 20 million high-emission and old vehicles off the roads.We have strengthened prevention and control measures against water pollution in key drainage basins and sea areas, and achieved zero growth in chemical fertilizer and pesticide use.We have pursued major ecological conservation and restoration projects, expanded the coverage of initiatives to turn marginal farmland into forest, grassland, and wetlands, and intensified comprehensive efforts to curb desertification, rock desertification, and soil erosion.We have launched central government inspections on environmental protection and investigated and prosecuted cases involving legal violations.We worked toward and saw that the Paris Agreement was put into force;China has played an important role in responding to global climate change.（九）堅持依法全面履行政府職能，著力加強和創新社會治理，社會保持和諧穩定。提請全國人大常委會制定修訂法律95部，制定修訂行政法規195部，修改廢止一大批部門規章。省、市、縣政府部門制定公布權責清單。開展國務院大督查和專項督查，對積極作為、成效突出的給予表彰和政策激勵，對不作為的嚴肅問責。創新城鄉基層治理。完善信訪工作制度。擴大法律援助范圍。促進安全生產領域改革發展，事故總量和重特大事故數量持續下降。改革完善食品藥品監管，強化風險全程管控。加強地震、特大洪災等防災減災救災工作，健全分級負責、相互協同的應急機制，最大程度降低了災害損失。加強國家安全。健全社會治安防控體系，依法打擊各類違法犯罪，有力維護了公共安全。

Ninth, with a commitment to fully performing government functions in accordance with law, we have focused on enhancing and developing new forms of social governance, and ensured social harmony and stability.We have submitted proposals to the NPC Standing Committee on formulating or revising 95 laws, formulated or revised 195 sets of administrative regulations, and revised or rescinded a large number of government department regulations.Lists of powers and obligations have been formulated and released by provincial, city, and county government departments.We have introduced State Council accountability inspections and special inspections, and commended and created policy incentives for those working proactively and doing an outstanding job, while holding strictly to account those failing to fulfill their duties.We have been making innovations in urban and rural primary level governance.The system for handling public complaints has been improved.The coverage of legal aid has been expanded.We have promoted reform and improvements in workplace safety, and seen a continued drop in both the total number of accidents and the number of serious and major accidents.We have reformed and improved food and drug regulation and strengthened risk control over all related processes.We have strengthened work on preventing, reducing, and providing relief for disasters, including earthquakes and serious flooding, and built stronger emergency response mechanisms employing a division of responsibilities between levels and close coordination.With this we have minimized the damage and loss inflicted by disasters to the greatest possible extent.China’s national security is better safeguarded.We have improved the crime prevention and control system, worked in accordance with law to hit back against all types of crime and illegal behavior, and effectively safeguarded public security.貫徹落實黨中央全面從嚴治黨部署，加強黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭。深入開展黨的群眾路線教育實踐活動、“三嚴三實”專題教育、“兩學一做”學習教育，認真落實黨中央八項規定精神，持之以恒糾正“四風”，嚴格執行國務院“約法三章”。嚴控新建政府性樓堂館所和財政供養人員總量，“三公”經費大幅壓減。加強行政監察和審計監督。堅決查處和糾正違法違規行為，嚴厲懲處腐敗分子，反腐敗斗爭壓倒性態勢已經形成并鞏固發展。

We have implemented the Party Central Committee’s decisions on exercising full and strict Party self-governance and done more to improve Party conduct, build a clean government, and fight corruption.We have taken extensive action in raising awareness of and putting into practice the Party’s mass line, in the Three Stricts and Three Earnests* campaign, and in the drive to see that Party members develop a good understanding of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major policy addresses and live up to Party standards.We have worked hard to ensure compliance with the Central Committee’s eight-point decision on improving conduct and staying engaged with the people and worked nonstop to address the practice of formalities for formalities’ sake, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance.We have strictly enforced the three-point State Council decision on curbing government spending.(* The Three Stricts and Three Earnests refers to the need to be strict with oneself in practicing self-cultivation, using power, and exercising self-discipline;and to be earnest in one’s thinking, work, and behavior.)

We have enforced strict controls over the construction of new government buildings and over the total number of people on the government payroll;and spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality has been significantly reduced.We have strengthened government supervision and auditing-based oversight.We have taken strong steps to investigate, prosecute, and address violations of laws and regulations and severely punished those who have committed corruption.The anti-corruption campaign has built into a crushing tide, a tide with stronger and growing momentum.各位代表！

Fellow Deputies，過去五年，民族、宗教、僑務等工作創新推進。支持民族地區加快發展，民族團結進步事業取得長足進展。積極引導宗教與社會主義社會相適應。海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷在國家現代化建設中作出了獨特貢獻。

Over the past five years, we have made new improvements in work related to ethnic groups, religion, and overseas Chinese nationals.We have supported faster development in areas with large ethnic minority populations, and have seen efforts to promote ethnic unity and progress truly paying off.We have actively guided religions in adapting to socialist society.Overseas Chinese nationals, Chinese nationals who have returned from overseas, and the relatives of overseas Chinese nationals who reside in China have made their own unique contributions to the country’s modernization.過去五年，在黨中央、中央軍委領導下，強軍興軍開創新局面。制定新形勢下軍事戰略方針，召開古田全軍政治工作會議，深入推進政治建軍、改革強軍、科技興軍、依法治軍，人民軍隊實現政治生態重塑、組織形態重塑、力量體系重塑、作風形象重塑。有效遂行海上維權、反恐維穩、搶險救災、國際維和、亞丁灣護航、人道主義救援等重大任務。各方配合基本完成裁減軍隊員額30萬任務。軍事裝備現代化水平顯著提升，軍民融合深度發展。人民軍隊面貌煥然一新，在中國特色強軍之路上邁出堅實步伐。

Over the past five years, under the leadership of the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, we have embarked on a new stage in strengthening and energizing the armed forces.We have developed a military strategy for new conditions;convened the Gutian military political work meeting;and taken extensive steps to see that the armed forces are built on political loyalty, strengthened through reform and technology, and run in accordance with law.As a result, our people’s armed forces have achieved a remodeling of their political ecosystem, of the way they are organized, of the structure of their forces, and of their conduct and image.We have undertaken major missions involving the protection of maritime rights, countering terrorism and maintaining stability, disaster rescue and relief, international peacekeeping, escort services in the Gulf of Aden, and humanitarian rescue.With the cooperation of all those involved, we have basically completed the task of reducing the armed forces by 300,000 troops.Military equipment has been significantly modernized, and we have deepened military-civilian integration.The people’s armed forces, full of new drive, have taken solid strides toward building themselves into a powerful military with Chinese characteristics.過去五年，港澳臺工作取得新進展。“一國兩制”實踐不斷豐富和發展，憲法和基本法權威在港澳進一步彰顯，內地與港澳交流合作深入推進，港珠澳大橋全線貫通，香港、澳門保持繁榮穩定。堅持一個中國原則和“九二共識”，加強兩岸經濟文化交流合作，實現兩岸領導人歷史性會晤。堅決反對和遏制“臺獨”分裂勢力，有力維護了臺海和平穩定。

Over the past five years, fresh progress has been made in work related to Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan.The practice of “one country, two systems” has been consistently enriched and developed;the authority of China’s Constitution and the basic laws of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions has been further raised in these two regions.Exchanges and cooperation between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao have been steadily enhanced;the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge has been completed, and Hong Kong and Macao have thrived and remained stable.We have upheld the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, strengthened cross-Strait economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation, and held a historic meeting between the leaders of the two sides.We have resolutely opposed and deterred separatist forces advocating Taiwan independence, firmly safeguarding peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait.過去五年，中國特色大國外交全面推進。成功舉辦首屆“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇、亞太經濟合作組織領導人非正式會議、二十國集團領導人杭州峰會、金磚國家領導人廈門會晤等重大主場外交。習近平主席等國家領導人出訪多國，出席聯合國系列峰會、氣候變化大會、世界經濟論壇、東亞合作領導人系列會議等重大活動，全方位外交布局深入展開。倡導構建人類命運共同體，為全球治理體系變革貢獻更多中國智慧。經濟外交、人文交流卓有成效。堅定維護國家主權和海洋權益。中國作為負責任大國，在解決國際和地區熱點問題上發揮了重要建設性作用，為世界和平與發展作出新的重大貢獻。

Over the past five years, we have pursued distinctively Chinese major country diplomacy on all fronts.We successfully hosted the first Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the G20 Hangzhou Summit, the BRICS Xiamen Summit, and other major diplomatic events at home.President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders have visited many countries and attended major events including United Nations summits, Climate Change Conferences, World Economic Forum meetings, and the East Asian Leaders Meetings on Cooperation.China’s diplomatic agenda has been further advanced on every front.China has called for building a community with a shared future for mankind and has contributed more Chinese ideas to the reform of the global governance system.Notable achievements have been made in our country’s economic diplomacy and people-to-people and cultural exchanges.We have been resolute in upholding China’s sovereignty and maritime rights and interests.As a responsible major country, China has played a constructive role in addressing international and regional hotspot issues, thus making significant new contributions to global peace and development.各位代表！

Fellow Deputies，回顧過去五年，諸多矛盾交織疊加，各種風險挑戰接踵而至，國內外很多情況是改革開放以來沒有碰到過的，我國改革發展成就實屬來之不易。這是以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導的結果，是習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想科學指引的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民團結奮斗的結果。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯感謝！

Looking back at the past five years, we have encountered a great many interwoven problems and a stream of risks and challenges.Both at home and abroad, there have been many new developments, developments that we have not faced since reform and opening-up began.The achievements we have made in China’s reform and development have certainly not come easily.We owe them to the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, to the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and to the concerted efforts of the Party, the military, and the people of all our nation’s ethnic groups.On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express sincere thanks to the people of all our ethnic groups, and to all other political parties, people’s organizations, and public figures from all sectors of society.I express our sincere appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas.I also wish to express our sincere thanks to the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who have shown understanding and support for China in its endeavor to modernize.安不忘危，興不忘憂。我們清醒認識到，我國仍處于并將長期處于社會主義初級階段，仍是世界最大發展中國家，發展不平衡不充分的一些突出問題尚未解決。經濟增長內生動力還不夠足，創新能力還不夠強，發展質量和效益不夠高，一些企業特別是中小企業經營困難，民間投資增勢疲弱，部分地區經濟下行壓力較大，金融等領域風險隱患不容忽視。脫貧攻堅任務艱巨，農業基礎仍然薄弱，城鄉區域發展和收入分配差距依然較大。重特大安全生產事故時有發生。在空氣質量、環境衛生、食品藥品安全和住房、教育、醫療、就業、養老等方面，群眾還有不少不滿意的地方。政府職能轉變還不到位。政府工作存在不足，有些改革舉措和政策落實不力，一些干部服務意識和法治意識不強、工作作風不實、擔當精神不夠，形式主義、官僚主義不同程度存在。群眾和企業對辦事難、亂收費意見較多。一些領域不正之風和腐敗問題仍然多發。我們一定要以對國家和人民高度負責的精神，以不畏艱難的勇氣、堅忍不拔的意志，盡心竭力做好工作，使人民政府不負人民重托！

As the Chinese saying goes, when all is calm, forget not danger;when all is well, be awake to woes.We are keenly aware that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come, that it remains the largest developing country in the world, and that it faces a number of acute problems caused by unbalanced and inadequate development that so far have remained unsolved.

第三篇：2017 政府工作報告中英對照

2017 政府工作報告中英對照

發表于2017年3月16日由CATTI考試資料與資訊

新華社北京3月16日電 政府工作報告

——2017年3月5日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會第五次會議上 國務院總理 李克強

BEIJING, March 16(Xinhua)— Following is the full text of the Report on the Work of the Government delivered by Premier Li Keqiang at the Fifth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress on March 5, 2017 and adopted on March 15, 2017:

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

Delivered at the Fifth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2017 Li Keqiang Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。

Esteemed Deputies, On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government and ask for your deliberation and approval.I also wish to have comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、2016年工作回顧

Let me begin with a review of our work in 2016.過去一年，我國發展面臨國內外諸多矛盾疊加、風險隱患交匯的嚴峻挑戰。在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，全國各族人民迎難而上，砥礪前行，推動經濟社會持續健康發展。In the past year, China’s development has faced grave challenges posed by a great many problems and interwoven risks and dangers both at home and abroad.However, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we the Chinese people have risen to the challenge and worked hard to press ahead, driving forward sustained, healthy economic and social development.黨的十八屆六中全會正式明確總書記的核心地位，體現了黨和人民的根本利益，對保證黨和國家興旺發達、長治久安，具有十分重大而深遠的意義。At the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Party Central Committee,the core position of General Secretary Xi Jinping was formally affirmed, which reflects the fundamental interests of the Party and the Chinese people, and is of crucial and far-reaching significance for ensuring the flourishing and long-term stability of the Party and the country.各地區、各部門不斷增強政治意識、大局意識、核心意識、看齊意識，推動全面建成小康社會取得新的重要進展，全面深化改革邁出重大步伐，全面依法治國深入實施，全面從嚴治黨縱深推進，全年經濟社會發展主要目標任務圓滿完成，“十三五”實現了良好開局。

All regions and all government departments have steadily strengthened their consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, uphold the leadership core, and keep in alignment.Pushing ahead with all-around efforts, we have achieved major progress in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, made important strides in deepening reform, continued to exercise law-based governance, and made further progress in practicing strict Party self-governance;and we have accomplished the year’s main tasks and targets for economic and social development, and got the 13th Five-Year Plan off to a great start.——經濟運行緩中趨穩、穩中向好。國內生產總值達到74.4萬億元，增長6.7%，名列世界前茅，對全球經濟增長的貢獻率超過30%。居民消費價格上漲2%。The economy has registered a slower but stable performance with good momentum for growth.GDP reached 74.4 trillion yuan, representing 6.7-percent growth, and seeing China outpace most other economies.China contributed more than 30 percent of global growth.The CPI rose by 2 percent.工業企業利潤由上年下降2.3%轉為增長8.5%，單位國內生產總值能耗下降5%，經濟發展的質量和效益明顯提高。

With an 8.5-percent increase in profits, industrial enterprises reversed the previous year’s negative growth of 2.3 percent.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 5 percent.Economic performance improved markedly in quality and returns.——就業增長超出預期。全年城鎮新增就業1314萬人。高校畢業生就業創業人數再創新高。年末城鎮登記失業率4.02%，為多年來最低。13億多人口的發展中大國，就業比較充分，十分不易。

Employment growth exceeded projections.A total of 13.14 million new urban jobs were added over the course of the year.The number of college graduates finding employment or starting businesses reached another record high.The registered urban unemployment rate stood at 4.02 percent at year-end 2016, the lowest level in years.For China, a large developing country with a population of over 1.3 billion, attaining this level of employment is no easy task.——改革開放深入推進。重要領域和關鍵環節改革取得突破性進展，供給側結構性改革初見成效。對外開放推出新舉措，“一帶一路”建設進展快速，一批重大工程和國際產能合作項目落地。

Continued advances were made in reform and opening up.Breakthroughs were made in reforms in major sectors and key links, and initial success was achieved in supply-side structural reform.New measures were introduced for opening China up, rapid progress was made in pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative, and a number of major projects and industrial-capacity cooperation projects with other countries were launched.——經濟結構加快調整。消費在經濟增長中發揮主要拉動作用。服務業增加值占國內生產總值比重上升到51.6%。高技術產業、裝備制造業較快增長。農業穩中調優，糧食再獲豐收。

Economic structural adjustment was stepped up.Consumption was the main driver of economic growth.The value created by the service sector rose to 51.6 percent of GDP.High-tech industries and equipment manufacturing grew rapidly.In agriculture, production was stable and structural adjustments were made, and we had continued good grain harvests.——發展新動能不斷增強。創新驅動發展戰略深入實施。科技領域取得一批國際領先的重大成果。新興產業蓬勃興起，傳統產業加快轉型升級。

New drivers of growth gained strength.Further progress was made in pursuing the innovation-driven development strategy, and a number of world-leading achievements were made in science and technology.Emerging industries were thriving, and the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries accelerated.大眾創業、萬眾創新廣泛開展，全年新登記企業增長24.5%，平均每天新增1.5萬戶，加上個體工商戶等，各類市場主體每天新增4.5萬戶。新動能正在撐起發展新天地。

People were busy launching businesses or making innovations, with a 24.5-percent year-on-year increase in the number of new businesses registered-an average of 15,000 new businesses daily.With self-employed traders and other market entities included we had an average of 45,000 new market entities launched per day.New growth drivers are opening new prospects for China’s development.——基礎設施支撐能力持續提升。新建高速鐵路投產里程超過1900公里，新建改建高速公路6700多公里、農村公路29萬公里。城市軌道交通、地下綜合管廊建設加快。新開工重大水利工程21項。新增第四代移動通信用戶3.4億、光纜線路550多萬公里。

Infrastructure became ever-better able to sustain development.Over 1,900 kilometers of new high-speed rail lines came into service, and more than 6,700 kilometers of expressways and 290,000 kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded.Construction picked up pace on urban rail transit facilities and underground utility tunnels.Construction began on 21 major water conservancy projects.The number of 4G mobile communications subscribers grew by 340 million and over 5.5 million kilometers of optical fiber cables were added.——人民生活繼續改善。全國居民人均可支配收入實際增長6.3%。農村貧困人口減少1240萬，易地扶貧搬遷人口超過240萬。棚戶區住房改造600多萬套，農村危房改造380多萬戶。國內旅游快速增長，出境旅游超過1.2億人次，城鄉居民生活水平有新的提高。

Living standards were improved.Personal per capita disposable income increased by 6.3 percent in real terms.The number of people living in poverty in rural areas was reduced by 12.4 million, including more than 2.4 million people relocated from inhospitable areas.More than 6 million homes in rundown urban areas and over 3.8 million dilapidated rural houses were renovated.In tourism, domestic trips showed rapid growth, and overseas trips exceeded 120 million.People in both urban and rural areas saw arise in living standards.我國成功主辦二十國集團領導人杭州峰會，推動取得一系列開創性、引領性、機制性重要成果，在全球經濟治理中留下深刻的中國印記。

China successfully hosted the G20 2016 Hangzhou Summit, and helped to deliver a number of important pioneering, leading, and institutional outcomes, thus doing its part for global economic governance.回顧過去一年，走過的路很不尋常。我們面對的是世界經濟和貿易增速7年來最低、國際金融市場波動加劇、地區和全球性挑戰突發多發的外部環境，面對的是國內結構性問題突出、風險隱患顯現、經濟下行壓力加大的多重困難，面對的是改革進入攻堅期、利益關系深刻調整、影響社會穩定因素增多的復雜局面。2016 was an unusual year in our country’s development.China was confronted with an external environment in which the world saw the lowest economic and trade growth in seven years, growing volatility in global financial markets, and sudden and frequent regional and global challenges.Domestically, China faced multiple difficulties: major structural problems, prominent risks and dangers, and mounting downward pressure on the economy.China found itself in a complex environment as reform entered a critical stage, profound changes took place affecting interests, and factors impacting social stability grew.在這種情況下，經濟能夠穩住很不容易，出現諸多向好變化更為難得。這再次表明，中國人民有勇氣、有智慧、有能力戰勝任何艱難險阻，中國經濟有潛力、有韌性、有優勢，中國的發展前景一定會更好。Given all these factors, it was not easy for us to maintain stable economic performance.And yet we succeeded, and even managed to make progress on many fronts.Once again, this shows that we the Chinese people have the courage, ingenuity, and ability to overcome any difficulty or hardship.It also shows that the Chinese economy possesses potential, resilience, and strengths, so we can be sure there is even better development ahead for China.一年來，我們主要做了以下工作。

I will now move on to discuss our main work last year: 一是繼續創新和加強宏觀調控，經濟運行保持在合理區間。

First, we continued to develop new and more effective ways of carrying out regulation at the macro level, thus keeping the economy performing within an appropriate range.去年宏觀調控面臨多難抉擇，我們堅持不搞“大水漫灌”式強刺激，而是依靠改革創新來穩增長、調結構、防風險，在區間調控基礎上，加強定向調控、相機調控。Last year, we faced difficult choices in conducting macro-level regulation, but we stood firm in not adopting strong stimulus policies that would have had an economy-wide impact, and strived instead to maintain steady growth, adjust the structure, and guard against risks through reform and innovation.We strengthened targeted and well-timed regulation on the basis of range-based regulation.積極的財政政策力度加大，增加的財政赤字主要用于減稅降費。全面推開營改增試點，全年降低企業稅負5700多億元，所有行業實現稅負只減不增。制定實施中央與地方增值稅收入劃分過渡方案，確保地方既有財力不變。擴大地方政府存量債務置換規模，降低利息負擔約4000億元。

More proactive fiscal policy was pursued, and the increase in the fiscal deficit was used mainly to cover tax and fee cuts.The trial replacement of business tax with value added tax(VAT)was extended to cover all sectors, slashing the tax burden of businesses for the year by over 570 billion yuan and reducing tax burdens in every sector.A transitional plan for sharing VAT revenue between the central and local governments was formulated and implemented to ensure financial resources of local governments remained unchanged.More local government bonds were issued to replace outstanding debts, reducing interest payments by roughly 400 billion yuan.穩健的貨幣政策靈活適度，廣義貨幣M2增長11.3%，低于13%左右的預期目標。綜合運用多種貨幣政策工具，支持實體經濟發展。

A prudent monetary policy was pursued in a flexible and appropriate manner.The M2 money supply increased by 11.3 percent, below our projected target of around 13 percent.We used a range of monetary policy tools to support the development of the real economy.實施促進消費升級措施。出臺鼓勵民間投資等政策，投資出現企穩態勢。分類調控房地產市場。加強金融風險防控，人民幣匯率形成機制進一步完善，保持了在合理均衡水平上的基本穩定，維護了國家經濟金融安全。

Measures were taken to upgrade consumption.We unveiled policies to encourage private investment, and saw investment begin to stabilize.We exercised category-based regulation over the real estate market.We strengthened efforts to manage financial risks.The RMB exchange rate regime continued to improve, and the exchange rate remained generally stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level.With these measures, we have safeguarded China’s economic and financial security.二是著力抓好“三去一降一補”，供給結構有所改善。

Second, we focused on five priority tasks — cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness — thereby improving the composition of supply.以鋼鐵、煤炭行業為重點去產能，全年退出鋼鐵產能超過6500萬噸、煤炭產能超過2.9億噸，超額完成目標任務，分流職工得到較好安置。

Particular priority was given to cutting overcapacity in the steel and coal sectors.Over the year, steel production capacity was cut by more than 65 million metric tons and coal by over 290 million metric tons, going beyond annual targets.Effective assistance was provided to laid-off employees.支持農民工在城鎮購房，提高棚改貨幣化安置比例，房地產去庫存取得積極成效。We supported migrant workers in buying urban homes;and we increased the proportion of people affected by rebuilding in rundown urban areas receiving monetary compensation, making good progress in reducing real estate inventory.推動企業兼并重組，發展直接融資，實施市場化法治化債轉股，工業企業資產負債率有所下降。

Business acquisitions and reorganizations were encouraged, direct financing was promoted, and market-and law-based debt-to-equity swaps were carried out, lowering the debt-to-asset ratio of industrial enterprises.著眼促進企業降成本，出臺減稅降費、降低“五險一金”繳費比例、下調用電價格等舉措。

To help enterprises lower operating costs, we introduced measures to cut taxes and fees, lower the share paid by enterprises for social security contributions,(1)and cut the price of electricity.加大補短板力度，辦了一批當前急需又利長遠的大事。

We boosted efforts to strengthen areas of weakness and undertook major initiatives that both help to meet urgent needs today and promise long-term benefits.三是大力深化改革開放，發展活力進一步增強。全面深化改革，推出一批標志性、支柱性改革舉措。圍繞處理好政府和市場關系這一經濟體制改革的核心問題，持續推進簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務改革。

Third, we worked hard to deepen reform and opening up, further strengthening the vitality of development.Reform was deepened across the board, and a good number of landmark and pillar reform initiatives were undertaken.To balance the government-market relationship — the pivotal issue in economic structural reform — we continued reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services.My administration’s goal of cutting the number of items requiring government review by a third had been achieved ahead of schedule.在提前完成本屆政府減少行政審批事項三分之一目標的基礎上，去年又取消165項國務院部門及其指定地方實施的審批事項，清理規范192項審批中介服務事項、220項職業資格許可認定事項。深化商事制度改革。

On that basis, last year we cancelled the requirement on a further 165 items for review by State Council departments and authorized local governments.We also overhauled and standardized 192 items of intermediary services for government review as well as 220 items of approvals and accreditations for professional qualifications.We deepened institutional reforms in the business sector.全面推行“雙隨機、一公開”，增強事中事后監管的有效性，推進“互聯網+政務服務”。

We introduced an oversight model of random inspection and public release across the board,(2)made operational and post-operational oversight more effective, and promoted the Internet Plus government services model.推動國有企業調整重組和混合所有制改革。建立公平競爭審查制度。深化資源稅改革。

We pushed ahead with reforms to restructure and reorganize state-owned enterprises(SOEs)and introduce into them mixed ownership structures.We established a review system to ensure fair competition.We deepened resource tax reforms.完善農村土地“三權分置”辦法，建立貧困退出機制。推進科技管理體制改革，擴大高校和科研院所自主權，出臺以增加知識價值為導向的分配政策。

We improved measures for separating rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights, and established a mechanism for determining whether people have been lifted out of poverty.We made progress in reforming the science and technology management system, gave greater autonomy to colleges and research institutes, and adopted profit distribution policies oriented toward increasing the value of knowledge.放開養老服務市場。擴大公立醫院綜合改革試點，深化藥品醫療器械審評審批制度改革。

We opened up the elderly services market.We expanded the trials of comprehensive reforms in public hospitals and deepened reform of the evaluation and approval systems for medicine and medical equipment.制定自然資源統一確權登記辦法，開展省以下環保機構監測監察執法垂直管理、耕地輪作休耕改革等試點，全面推行河長制，健全生態保護補償機制。改革為經濟社會發展增添了新動力。

We formulated unified measures to determine and register natural resource rights.We piloted reforms for conducting direct oversight by provincial-level environmental protection agencies over the environmental monitoring and inspection work of environmental protection agencies below the provincial level, as well as crop rotation and fallow land reforms.The river chief system was introduced for all lakes and rivers across the country, and the mechanisms for compensating for ecological conservation efforts were improved.Reform has given new impetus to economic and social development.積極擴大對外開放。推進“一帶一路”建設，與沿線國家加強戰略對接、務實合作。We opened China wider to the rest of the world.As we pushed ahead with the Belt and Road Initiative, we worked to increase complementarity between the development strategies of, and practical cooperation between, China and other countries along the routes.人民幣正式納入國際貨幣基金組織特別提款權貨幣籃子。“深港通”開啟。完善促進外貿發展措施，新設12個跨境電子商務綜合試驗區，進出口逐步回穩。The RMB was formally included in the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights basket.The Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect was launched.We improved measures for promoting trade, and built 12 new integrated experimental zones for cross-border e-commerce, bringing about a steady recovery in the volume of import and export.推廣上海等自貿試驗區改革創新成果，新設7個自貿試驗區。除少數實行準入特別管理措施領域外，外資企業設立及變更一律由審批改為備案管理。實際使用外資1300多億美元，繼續位居發展中國家首位。

The new practices of pilot free trade zones in Shanghai and elsewhere were used to establish another seven pilot zones.The requirement for review and approval for setting up and making significant adjustments to foreign enterprises was replaced by a simple filing process, with the exception of a few areas where special market access requirements apply.In 2016, China utilized more than US$130 billion of overseas investment, continuing to rank first among developing countries.四是強化創新引領，新動能快速成長。

Fourth, we strengthened innovation’s leading role, spurring the rapid development of new growth drivers.深入推進“互聯網+”行動和國家大數據戰略，全面實施《中國制造2025》，落實和完善“雙創”政策措施。部署啟動面向2030年的科技創新重大項目，支持北京、上海建設具有全球影響力的科技創新中心，新設6個國家自主創新示范區。We took further steps to implement the Internet Plus action plan and the national big data strategy, fully implemented the Made in China 2025 initiative, and implemented and improved policies and measures to encourage people to launch businesses and innovate.We developed and launched a plan for completing major science and technology programs by 2030, supported Beijing and Shanghai in building themselves into global R&D centers, and established another six national innovation demonstration zones.Notes:(1)This includes old-age insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation, maternity insurance, and housing provident fund schemes.(2)The model comprises inspections of randomly selected entities by randomly selected inspectors and the public release of inspection results.全社會研發經費支出與國內生產總值之比達到2.08%。國內有效發明專利擁有量突破100萬件，技術交易額超過1萬億元。科技進步貢獻率上升到56.2%，創新對發展的支撐作用明顯增強。

China’s R&D spending reached 2.08 percent of GDP.The number of in-force Chinese patents issued in China passed the million mark, and the value of technology transactions exceeded one trillion yuan.The contribution of scientific and technological progress to economic growth rose to 56.2 percent, and innovation’s role in powering development grew markedly.五是促進區域城鄉協調發展，新的增長極增長帶加快形成。

Fifth, we promoted more balanced development between regions and between rural and urban areas, and saw faster emergence of new growth poles and growth belts.深入實施“一帶一路”建設、京津冀協同發展、長江經濟帶發展三大戰略，啟動建設一批重點項目。編制西部大開發“十三五”規劃，實施新一輪東北振興戰略，推動中部地區崛起，支持東部地區率先發展。

We stepped up work to implement the three strategic initiatives(the Belt and Road, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration, and the Yangtze Economic Belt), and began construction on a number of key projects.We formulated the plan for the 13th Five-Year Plan period for large-scale development in the western region, launched a new round of initiatives as part of the Northeast revitalization strategy, drove progress in the rise of the central region, and supported the eastern region in leading the rest of the country in pursuing development.加快推進新型城鎮化，深化戶籍制度改革，全面推行居住證制度，又有1600萬人進城落戶。發展的協同疊加效應不斷顯現。

We sped up efforts to promote new types of urbanization, deepened reform of the household registration system, introduced the residence card system nationwide, and granted urban residency to another 16 million people from rural areas.The synergy building through coordinated development became more and more evident.六是加強生態文明建設，綠色發展取得新進展。Sixth, we strengthened ecological conservation and made fresh progress in pursuing green development.制定實施生態文明建設目標評價考核辦法，建設國家生態文明試驗區。強化大氣污染治理，二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量分別下降5.6%和4%，74個重點城市細顆粒物（PM2.5）年均濃度下降9.1%。優化能源結構，清潔能源消費比重提高1.7個百分點，煤炭消費比重下降2個百分點。

We formulated and introduced measures for assessing progress made in ecological improvement, and established national pilot zones for ecological conservation.We took stronger measures against air pollution and, as a result, saw a 5.6-percent decline in sulfur dioxide emissions, a 4-percent cut in nitrogen oxide emissions, and a 9.1-percent drop in the annual average density of fine particulate matter(PM2.5)in 74 key cities.We continued to improve the energy mix, increasing the share of clean energy consumption by 1.7 percentage points and cutting the share of coal consumption by 2 percentage points.推進水污染防治，出臺土壤污染防治行動計劃。開展中央環境保護督察，嚴肅查處一批環境違法案件，推動了環保工作深入開展。

We continued efforts to prevent and control water pollution, and adopted an action plan for preventing and controlling soil pollution.Central government inspections on environmental protection accountability were launched and violations of environmental protection laws were investigated and prosecuted, giving impetus to deeper efforts to protect the environment.七是注重保障和改善民生，人民群眾獲得感增強。

Seventh, we gave particular attention to ensuring and improving living standards, helping Chinese people gain a stronger sense of benefit.在財政收支壓力加大情況下，民生投入繼續增加。出臺新的就業創業政策，扎實做好重點人群、重點地區就業工作。全面推進脫貧攻堅，全國財政專項扶貧資金投入超過1000億元。提高低保、優撫、退休人員基本養老金等標準，為1700多萬困難和重度殘疾人發放生活或護理補貼。Despite growing pressure from fiscal imbalance, we continued to increase inputs in areas related to living standards.We launched new policies on employment and business startups, and carried out solid work on increasing employment for key target groups and priority regions.We made all-around progress in key battles to eradicate poverty and earmarked over 100 billion yuan from government budgets for poverty relief.We increased subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, basic pension payments, and other subsidies;and over 17 million people benefited through the provision of cost-of-living allowances for people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing care subsidies for people with severe disabilities.財政性教育經費支出占國內生產總值比例繼續超過4%。重點高校招收貧困地區農村學生人數增長21.3%。免除農村貧困家庭學生普通高中學雜費。全年資助各類學校家庭困難學生8400多萬人次。

Fiscal spending on education continued to be over 4 percent of GDP.The number of students from poor rural areas enrolled in key universities grew by 21.3 percent.We waived tuition and miscellaneous fees for students from poor rural families at regular senior high schools.Over the course of the year, more than 84 million grants were given to students from poor families studying in all types of schools.整合城鄉居民基本醫保制度，提高財政補助標準。增加基本公共衛生服務經費。實現大病保險全覆蓋，符合規定的省內異地就醫住院費用可直接結算。The basic health insurance systems for rural and nonworking urban residents were merged and government subsidies for the system were increased.More funding was provided for basic public health services.Full coverage of the serious disease insurance scheme was achieved, and healthcare costs meeting relevant provisions can now be settled on the spot when incurred anywhere within the provincial-level administrative area where insurance is registered.加強基層公共文化服務。實施全民健身計劃，體育健兒在里約奧運會、殘奧會上再創佳績。

We increased public cultural services at the community level.The Fitness for All initiative was launched, and Chinese athletes gave an excellent performance at the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.去年部分地區特別是長江流域發生嚴重洪澇等災害，通過及時有力開展搶險救災，緊急轉移安置900多萬人次，最大限度降低了災害損失，恢復重建有序進行。

Last year, parts of the country, especially the Yangtze basin, were hit by severe flooding and other disasters.We acted quickly to provide effective rescue and relief, swiftly relocated over 9 million people, minimized damage and loss, and made systematic progress with recovery and reconstruction efforts.八是推進政府建設和治理創新，社會保持和諧穩定。

Eighth, we continued to enhance government performance and improve governance, thus ensuring social harmony and stability.國務院提請全國人大常委會審議法律議案13件，制定修訂行政法規8件。完善公共決策吸納民意機制，認真辦理人大代表建議和政協委員提案。推進政務公開，省級政府部門權力和責任清單全面公布。

The State Council submitted 13 legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress(NPC)for approval and adopted or revised 8 sets of administrative regulations.We improved mechanisms for drawing on public opinions in decision making on public issues and worked with keen attention to handle the proposals and suggestions of NPC deputies and CPPCC National Committee members.We made progress in strengthening government transparency by releasing lists of the powers and responsibilities of all provincial-level government departments.加大督查問責力度，組織開展第三次國務院大督查，對去產能、民間投資等政策落實情況進行專項督查和第三方評估，嚴肅查處一些地區違規新建鋼鐵項目、生產銷售“地條鋼”等行為。

We intensified accountability inspections.The third State Council accountability inspection was carried out;special inspections and third-party evaluations were conducted on the implementation of policies related to cutting overcapacity and encouraging private investment;and new steel projects launched in breach of regulations and the production and sale of substandard steel products were strictly investigated and dealt with.加強安全生產工作，事故總量和重特大事故數量繼續下降。

We strengthened workplace safety efforts and saw a continued decline in the total number of accidents and in the number of accidents of a serious nature.強化社會治安綜合治理，依法打擊違法犯罪，有力維護了國家安全和公共安全。We took comprehensive measures to maintain law and order and, in accordance with law, cracked down on crime and other violations, effectively safeguarding national and public security.扎實開展“兩學一做”學習教育，認真落實黨中央八項規定精神，堅決糾正“四風”，嚴格執行國務院“約法三章”。

We carried out in earnest activities to enable Party members to gain a good understanding of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major policy addresses and to meet Party standards.We worked scrupulously to ensure compliance with the Party Central Committee’s eight-point decision on improving Party and government conduct, took firm action to address formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, and rigorously enforced the State Council’s three-point decision on curbing government spending.依法懲處一批腐敗分子，反腐敗斗爭形成壓倒性態勢。

We punished a number of corrupt officials in accordance with law, and the fight against corruption has built up irresistible momentum.過去一年，中國特色大國外交卓有成效。習近平主席等國家領導人出訪多國，出席亞太經合組織領導人非正式會議、上海合作組織峰會、金磚國家領導人會晤、核安全峰會、聯大系列高級別會議、亞歐首腦會議、東亞合作領導人系列會議等重大活動。成功舉辦瀾滄江－湄公河合作首次領導人會議。

As a major country, China has made outstanding achievements in its diplomacy with distinctive features over the past year.President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders visited many countries.They attended major international events, including the 24th APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit, the BRICS Leaders Meeting, the Nuclear Security Summit, high-level meetings of the 71st session of the UN General Assembly, the Asia-Europe Meeting, and the East Asian leaders meetings on cooperation.We hosted the first-ever Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Leaders Meeting.同主要大國協調合作得到加強，同周邊國家全面合作持續推進，同發展中國家友好合作不斷深化，同聯合國等國際組織聯系更加密切。

China’s coordination and cooperation with other major countries were strengthened, its comprehensive cooperation with neighboring countries continued to be boosted, its friendship and cooperation with other developing countries were deepened, and its interactions with the UN and other international organizations became closer.積極促進全球治理體系改革與完善。推動《巴黎協定》生效。經濟外交、人文交流成果豐碩。堅定維護國家領土主權和海洋權益。中國作為負責任大國，在國際和地區事務中發揮了建設性作用，為世界和平與發展作出了重要貢獻。China was actively involved in reforming and improving the global governance system.We played our part in ensuring that the Paris Agreement was put into force.Economic diplomacy and personal and cultural exchanges yielded notable outcomes.We were resolute in upholding China’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and maritime rights and interests.As a responsible major country, China has been playing a constructive role in international and regional issues and has made significant contributions to world peace and development.隆重慶祝中國共產黨成立95周年，隆重紀念中國工農紅軍長征勝利80周年，宣示了我們不忘初心、繼續前進、戰勝一切困難的堅強意志，彰顯了全國人民走好新的長征路、不斷奪取新勝利的堅定決心！

We celebrated the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Long March of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army, demonstrating our unshakeable will to remain true to the founding mission of the Party, to keep pressing ahead, and to overcome all difficulties, and showing the firm determination of all Chinese people to keep up our stride on the new Long March and continue striving for new victories.各位代表！

過去一年取得的成績，是以習近平同志為核心的黨中央正確領導的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民團結奮斗的結果。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設事業的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯感謝！Esteemed Deputies，We owe all the achievements made over the past year to the sound leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and the concerted efforts of the Party, the military, and the people of all our nation’s ethnic groups.On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express our sincere gratitude to all our people, including public figures from all sectors of society, and to other parties and people’s organizations.I express our sincere appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, and to Chinese nationals overseas.I also wish to express our heartfelt thanks to the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who have shown understanding and support for China in its endeavor to modernize.我們也清醒看到，經濟社會發展中還存在不少困難和問題。經濟增長內生動力仍需增強，部分行業產能過剩嚴重，一些企業生產經營困難較多，地區經濟走勢分化，財政收支矛盾較大，經濟金融風險隱患不容忽視。環境污染形勢依然嚴峻，特別是一些地區嚴重霧霾頻發，治理措施需要進一步加強。在住房、教育、醫療、養老、食品藥品安全、收入分配等方面，人民群眾還有不少不滿意的地方。煤礦、建筑、交通等領域發生了一些重大安全事故，令人痛心。政府工作存在不足，有些改革舉措和政策落實不到位，涉企收費多、群眾辦事難等問題仍較突出，行政執法中存在不規范不公正不文明現象，少數干部懶政怠政、推諉扯皮，一些領域腐敗問題時有發生。我們一定要直面挑戰，敢于擔當，全力以赴做好政府工作，不辱歷史使命，不負人民重托。

Yet we must not lose sight of the many problems and challenges China faces in pursuing economic and social development.The internal forces driving economic growth need to be strengthened.Overcapacity poses a serious challenge in some industries.Some enterprises face difficulties in their production and operations.Economic prospects for different regions are divergent.Fiscal imbalance is becoming great.And potential economic and financial risks cannot be overlooked.Environmental pollution remains grave, and in particular, some areas are frequently hit by heavy smog.We need to further strengthen our steps to combat pollution.There are also many problems causing public concern in housing, education, healthcare, elderly care, food and drug safety, and income distribution.It is distressing that there were some major accidents in the coal mining, construction, and transportation sectors.There is still room for improvement in government performance.Some reform policies and measures have not been fully implemented.Excess fees and charges being levied on businesses and difficulties facing individuals who want to access government services remain standout problems.We still see problems of laws and regulations being enforced in a non-standard, unfair, or uncivil way.A small number of government employees are lazy and neglectful of their duties or shirk responsibility.Corruption often occurs in some sectors.We must confront these challenges head-on, be ready to bear the weight of responsibility, and do our all to deliver.We must fulfill our historic mission and live up to the great trust placed in us by the Chinese people.二、2017年工作總體部署

今年將召開中國共產黨第十九次全國代表大會，是黨和國家事業發展中具有重大意義的一年。做好政府工作，要在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央領導下，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，全面貫徹黨的十八大和十八屆三中、四中、五中、六中全會精神，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀為指導，深入貫徹總書記系列重要講話精神和治國理政新理念新思想新戰略，統籌推進“五位一體”總體布局和協調推進“四個全面”戰略布局，堅持穩中求進工作總基調，牢固樹立和貫徹落實新發展理念，適應把握引領經濟發展新常態，堅持以提高發展質量和效益為中心，堅持宏觀政策要穩、產業政策要準、微觀政策要活、改革政策要實、社會政策要托底的政策思路，堅持以推進供給側結構性改革為主線，適度擴大總需求，加強預期引導，深化創新驅動，全面做好穩增長、促改革、調結構、惠民生、防風險各項工作，保持經濟平穩健康發展和社會和諧穩定，以優異成績迎接黨的十九大勝利召開。Esteemed Deputies, I now wish to discuss with you what the government will do in 2017.This year, the Communist Party of China will hold its 19th National Congress, so it will be a year of great significance for advancing the cause of the Party and our country.To deliver in our work this year, the government will do the following:

— Follow the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core

— Hold high the banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics

— Implement fully the guidelines from the 18th National Party Congress and those of the third through sixth plenary sessions of the 18th Party Central Committee

— Take as our guide Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development

— Put into practice the principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major addresses and his new vision, thinking, and strategies for China’s governance — Promote balanced economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress and coordinated implementation of the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy(1)

— Remain committed to the underlying principle of making progress while keeping performance stable

— Gain a strong understanding of and put into practice the new development philosophy

— Adapt to, approach in the right way, and steer the new normal in economic development

— Give central importance to improving the quality and returns of development — Ensure that macro-level policy is consistent, industrial policy is targeted, micro-level policy injects dynamism into the market, reform policy delivers outcomes, and social policy sees basic living needs are met — Focus on supply-side structural reform — Expand aggregate demand as appropriate — Do better in guiding expectations

— Strengthen the role of innovation in driving development

— Maintain stable growth, promote reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risks

— Maintain stable and sound economic development as well as social harmony and stability

These efforts should enable us to pave the way for the 19th National Party Congress with outstanding achievements.綜合分析國內外形勢，我們要做好應對更加復雜嚴峻局面的充分準備。世界經濟增長低迷態勢仍在延續，“逆全球化”思潮和保護主義傾向抬頭，主要經濟體政策走向及外溢效應變數較大，不穩定不確定因素明顯增加。我國發展處在爬坡過坎的關鍵階段，經濟運行存在不少突出矛盾和問題。困難不容低估，信心不可動搖。我國物質基礎雄厚、人力資源充裕、市場規模龐大、產業配套齊全、科技進步加快、基礎設施比較完善，經濟發展具有良好支撐條件，宏觀調控還有不少創新手段和政策儲備。我們堅信，有黨的堅強領導，堅持黨的基本路線，堅定不移走中國特色社會主義道路，依靠人民群眾的無窮創造力，萬眾一心、奮力拼搏，我國發展一定能夠創造新的輝煌。

The developments both in and outside of China require that we are ready to face more complicated and graver situations.World economic growth remains sluggish, and both the deglobalization trend and protectionism are growing.There are many uncertainties about the direction of the major economies’ policies and their spillover effects, and the factors that could cause instability and uncertainty are visibly increasing.China is at a crucial and challenging stage in its own development endeavors, and there are many salient challenges and problems in the economy.The difficulties we face are not to be underestimated, but we must remain confident that they will be overcome.China has a solid material foundation, abundant human resources, a huge market, and a complete system of industries.It is making faster scientific and technological progress, and has a complete range of infrastructure.We have good conditions for sustaining economic development, and many innovative tools and policy options for conducting macroeconomic regulation.We should follow the leadership of the Party, uphold the Party’s fundamental political guidelines, and keep to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics;we should rely on the inexhaustible creativity of the people, unite as one, and forge ahead.It is our firm belief that by doing this, we will make great new achievements in China’s development.今年發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長6.5%左右，在實際工作中爭取更好結果；居民消費價格漲幅3%左右；城鎮新增就業1100萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率4.5%以內；進出口回穩向好，國際收支基本平衡；居民收入和經濟增長基本同步；單位國內生產總值能耗下降3.4%以上，主要污染物排放量繼續下降。

Based on the above considerations, we have set the following key projected targets for development this year:

— GDP growth of around 6.5 percent, or higher if possible in practice — CPI increase kept at around 3 percent

— Over 11 million new urban jobs, and a registered urban unemployment rate within 4.5 percent

— A steady rise in import and export volumes, and a basic balance in international payments

— Increases in personal income basically in step with economic growth — A reduction of at least 3.4 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP, and continued reductions in the release of major pollutants

今年的經濟增長預期目標，符合經濟規律和客觀實際，有利于引導和穩定預期、調整結構，也同全面建成小康社會要求相銜接。穩增長的重要目的是為了保就業、惠民生。今年就業壓力加大，要堅持就業優先戰略，實施更加積極的就業政策。城鎮新增就業預期目標比去年多100萬人，突出了更加重視就業的導向。從經濟基本面和就業吸納能力看，這一目標通過努力是能夠實現的。

The projected target for this year’s growth is realistic and in keeping with economic principles;it will help steer and steady expectations and make structural adjustments;and it will help achieve the goal of finishing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.An important reason for stressing the need to maintain stable growth is to ensure employment and improve people’s lives.As employment pressure grows this year, we will continue to give top priority to creating jobs and implement a more proactive employment policy.This year’s target for urban job creation is one million more than last year, underlining the greater importance we are attaching to employment.Considering our sound economic fundamentals and the capacity they bring for job creation, with hard work, this target is attainable.Note:(1)This refers to making comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance the law-based governance of China, and strengthen Party self-governance.今年要繼續實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，在區間調控基礎上加強定向調控、相機調控，提高預見性、精準性和有效性，注重消費、投資、區域、產業、環保等政策的協調配合，確保經濟運行在合理區間。

This year, we will continue to pursue a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.On the basis of conducting range-based regulation, we will focus more on targeted and well-timed regulation and increase the foresight, precision, and effectiveness of our regulation.We will strengthen coordination of consumption, investment, regional, industrial, and environmental protection policies, and ensure the economy performs within an appropriate range.財政政策要更加積極有效。今年赤字率擬按3%安排，財政赤字2.38萬億元，比去年增加2000億元。其中，中央財政赤字1.55萬億元，地方財政赤字8300億元。安排地方專項債券8000億元，繼續發行地方政府置換債券。今年赤字率保持不變，主要是為了進一步減稅降費，全年再減少企業稅負3500億元左右、涉企收費約2000億元，一定要讓市場主體有切身感受。

We will pursue a more proactive and effective fiscal policy.This year’s deficit-to-GDP ratio is projected to be 3 percent, with the fiscal deficit set at 2.38 trillion yuan, representing a year-on-year increase of 200 billion yuan.To break this down, the projected deficit of the central government is 1.55 trillion yuan, and the projected deficit of local governments is 830 billion yuan.Local government special bonds to be issued will total 800 billion yuan, and local government bonds will continue to be issued to replace their outstanding debt.The main reason for keeping this year’s deficit-to-GDP ratio unchanged is to allow for further reductions in taxes and fees.Over the course of the year, the tax burden on businesses will be further eased by around 350 billion yuan, and business related fees will be further cut by around 200 billion yuan to benefit market entities.財政預算安排要突出重點、有保有壓，加大力度補短板、惠民生。對地方一般性轉移支付規模增長9.5%，重點增加均衡性轉移支付和困難地區財力補助。壓縮非重點支出，減少對績效不高項目的預算安排。

Government budgets should highlight priorities;spending in some areas should be maintained while in others cuts should be made;and more should be spent to strengthen areas of weakness and improve living standards.General transfer payments to local governments will be increased by 9.5 percent, with the focus on increasing transfer payments for equalizing access to basic public services and stepping up subsidies for regions facing economic difficulties.We will scale down non-priority spending and cut budgets for projects that do not deliver desired outcomes.各級政府要堅持過緊日子，中央部門要帶頭，一律按不低于5%的幅度壓減一般性支出，決不允許增加“三公”經費，擠出更多資金用于減稅降費，堅守節用裕民的正道。

Governments at all levels should tighten their belts, and central government departments should take the lead by cutting no less than 5 percent of their general expenditures.No increase in spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, or official hospitality is permitted;and we will squeeze out more funds to cover cuts in taxes and fees.We will keep government spending low and enrich our people.貨幣政策要保持穩健中性。今年廣義貨幣M2和社會融資規模余額預期增長均為12%左右。要綜合運用貨幣政策工具，維護流動性基本穩定，合理引導市場利率水平，疏通傳導機制，促進金融資源更多流向實體經濟，特別是支持“三農”和小微企業。堅持匯率市場化改革方向，保持人民幣在全球貨幣體系中的穩定地位。We will continue to pursue a prudent and neutral monetary policy.The M2 money supply and aggregate financing are forecasted to grow by around 12 percent in 2017.We will apply a full range of monetary policy instruments, maintain basic stability in liquidity, see that market interest rates remain at an appropriate level, and improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy.We will encourage a greater flow of financial resources into the real economy, particularly in support of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, and small and micro businesses.The RMB exchange rate will be further liberalized, and the currency’s stable position in the global monetary system will be maintained.做好今年政府工作，要把握好以下幾點。

To deliver a good performance this year, we in government should stick to the following guidelines:

一是貫徹穩中求進工作總基調，保持戰略定力。穩是大局，要著力穩增長、保就業、防風險，守住金融安全、民生保障、環境保護等方面的底線，確保經濟社會大局穩定。在穩的前提下要勇于進取，深入推進改革，加快結構調整，敢于啃“硬骨頭”，努力在關鍵領域取得新進展。

First, we should make progress while maintaining stable performance and keep our strategic focus.Stability is of overriding importance.We should ensure stable growth, maintain employment, and prevent risks.To ensure overall economic and social stability we must not allow the redline to be crossed concerning financial security, people’s wellbeing, or environmental protection.We should, while maintaining stable performance, endeavor to make progress, deepen reforms, accelerate structural adjustments, be prepared to take on some really tough problems, and push to make progress in key areas.二是堅持以推進供給側結構性改革為主線。必須把改善供給側結構作為主攻方向，通過簡政減稅、放寬準入、鼓勵創新，持續激發微觀主體活力，減少無效低效供給、擴大有效供給，更好適應和引導需求。這是一個化蛹成蝶的轉型升級過程，既充滿希望又伴隨陣痛，既非常緊迫又艱巨復雜。要勇往直前，堅決闖過這個關口。

Second, we should focus on supply-side structural reform.We must give priority to improving supply-side structure.We should streamline administration, reduce taxes, further expand market access, and encourage innovation;and we should keep micro entities energized, reduce ineffective supply while expanding effective supply, and better adapt to and guide demand.Like the struggle from chrysalis to butterfly, this process of transformation and upgrading is filled with promise but also accompanied by great pain;it is urgent, formidable, and complicated.We should press forward with courage and get the job done.三是適度擴大總需求并提高有效性。我國內需潛力巨大，擴內需既有必要也有可能，關鍵是找準發力點。要圍繞改善民生來擴大消費，著眼補短板、增后勁來增加投資，使擴內需更加有效、更可持續，使供給側改革和需求側管理相輔相成、相得益彰。

Third, we should expand aggregate demand as appropriate and improve its efficacy.China’s potential domestic demand is enormous, and it is both necessary and possible for domestic demand to be expanded.The key is to know where to start.We need to increase consumer spending to improve people’s lives, and boost investment to strengthen areas of weakness and sustain development, so that the expansion of domestic demand becomes more effective and sustainable and supply-side reform and demand-side regulation reinforce each other.四是依靠創新推動新舊動能轉換和結構優化升級。我國發展到現在這個階段，不靠改革創新沒有出路。我們擁有世界上數量最多、素質較高的勞動力，有最大規模的科技和專業技能人才隊伍，蘊藏著巨大的創新潛能。要堅持以改革開放為動力、以人力人才資源為支撐，加快創新發展，培育壯大新動能、改造提升傳統動能，提高全要素生產率，推動經濟保持中高速增長、產業邁向中高端水平。Fourth, we should rely on innovation to replace old growth drivers with new ones and speed up structural improvement and upgrading.Having reached the current stage of development, China can now advance only through reform and innovation.We have the largest quality workforce as well as the largest pool of scientists, engineers, and professionals in the world, and their potential for innovation is truly tremendous.We must continue to draw strength from reform and opening up, fully tap the potential of human resources and human capital, and move more quickly to pursue innovation-driven development.We should foster and develop new growth drivers while transforming and upgrading the traditional growth drivers, and increase total factor productivity.These steps will enable China’s economy to maintain a medium-high rate of growth and China’s industries to move toward the medium-high end.五是著力解決人民群眾普遍關心的突出問題。政府的一切工作都是為了人民，要踐行以人民為中心的發展思想，把握好我國處于社會主義初級階段的基本國情。對群眾反映強烈、期待迫切的問題，有條件的要抓緊解決，把好事辦好；一時難以解決的，要努力創造條件逐步加以解決。我們要咬定青山不放松，持之以恒為群眾辦實事、解難事，促進社會公平正義，把發展硬道理更多體現在增進人民福祉上。

Fifth, we should solve prominent problems of public concern.All government work is for the people.We should keep in mind the fact that China remains in the primary stage of socialism and pursue a people focused development philosophy.Where conditions permit, we will lose no time in solving problems about which the people have great concern and which demand speedy resolution.When problems cannot be solved for the time being, we will work to resolve them over time.We must make dedicated efforts to deliver services to the people, resolve the difficulties they face, promote social equity and justice, and demonstrate that development does better people’s lives.三、2017年重點工作任務

I now wish to discuss our major areas of work for 2017.面對今年艱巨繁重的改革發展穩定任務，我們要通觀全局、統籌兼顧，突出重點、把握關鍵，正確處理好各方面關系，著重抓好以下幾個方面工作。Confronted with the formidable tasks of reform and development and maintaining stability this year, we must keep in mind the big picture and adopt a holistic approach, have clear priorities and focus on key tasks, and properly handle interactions among various sectors.We should give priority to the following areas of work.（一）用改革的辦法深入推進“三去一降一補”。要在鞏固成果基礎上，針對新情況新問題，完善政策措施，努力取得更大成效。

1.Pushing ahead with the five priority tasks through reform

We should, on the basis of consolidating and building on what we have achieved, improve our policies and measures in light of new developments and new problems so as to make greater progress.扎實有效去產能。今年要再壓減鋼鐵產能5000萬噸左右，退出煤炭產能1.5億噸以上。同時，要淘汰、停建、緩建煤電產能5000萬千瓦以上，以防范化解煤電產能過剩風險，提高煤電行業效率，優化能源結構，為清潔能源發展騰空間。要嚴格執行環保、能耗、質量、安全等相關法律法規和標準，更多運用市場化法治化手段，有效處置“僵尸企業”，推動企業兼并重組、破產清算，堅決淘汰不達標的落后產能，嚴控過剩行業新上產能。Take solid and effective steps to cut overcapacity

This year, we will further reduce steel production capacity by around 50 million metric tons and shut down at least 150 million metric tons of coal production facilities.At the same time, we will suspend or postpone construction on or eliminate no less than 50 million kilowatts of coal-fired power generation capacity in order to guard against and defuse the risks of overcapacity in coal-fired power, improve the efficiency of this sector, optimize the energy mix, and make room for clean energy to develop.We will strictly enforce all laws, regulations, and standards on environmental protection, energy consumption, quality, and safety and make more use of market-and law-based methods as we work to address the problems of “zombie enterprises,” encourage enterprise mergers, restructuring, and bankruptcy liquidations, shut down all outdated production facilities that fail to meet standards, and stringently control the launching of new projects in industries that are already saddled with overcapacity.去產能必須安置好職工，中央財政專項獎補資金要及時撥付，地方和企業要落實相關資金與措施，確保分流職工就業有出路、生活有保障。

As overcapacity is cut, we must provide assistance to laid-off workers.Central government special funds for rewards and subsidies should be promptly allocated and local governments and enterprises need to put in place related funds and measures, to ensure that laid-off workers can find new jobs and secure their livelihoods.因城施策去庫存。目前三四線城市房地產庫存仍然較多，要支持居民自住和進城人員購房需求。

Take targeted policies to cut excess urban real estate inventory

At present, there is still excess supply in the real estate markets of third-and fourth-tier cities.We will support both local and new residents in buying homes for personal use.堅持住房的居住屬性，落實地方政府主體責任，加快建立和完善促進房地產市場平穩健康發展的長效機制，健全購租并舉的住房制度，以市場為主滿足多層次需求，以政府為主提供基本保障。加強房地產市場分類調控，房價上漲壓力大的城市要合理增加住宅用地，規范開發、銷售、中介等行為，遏制熱點城市房價過快上漲。

We need to be clear that housing is for people to live in, and local governments should take primary responsibility in this respect.We should move faster to establish robust long-term mechanisms for promoting the steady and sound development of the real estate sector and build a better housing system that gives equal weight to buying and renting, with multiple levels of demand being met primarily by the market, and basic housing support provided by the government.We will take more category-based and targeted steps to regulate the real estate market.Cities that are under big pressure from rising housing prices need to increase as appropriate the supply of land for residential use.We should better regulate housing development, marketing, and intermediary services, and keep home prices from rising too quickly in popular cities.目前城鎮還有幾千萬人居住在條件簡陋的棚戶區，要持續進行改造。今年再完成棚戶區住房改造600萬套，繼續發展公租房等保障性住房，因地制宜、多種方式提高貨幣化安置比例，加強配套設施建設和公共服務，讓更多住房困難家庭告別棚戶區，讓廣大人民群眾在住有所居中創造新生活。

Today several dozen million people still live in rundown areas in cities and towns.We must continue housing renovations in these areas.This year, we will renovate another 6 million housing units in these areas, continue to develop public rental housing and other forms of government-subsidized housing, base measures on local circumstances and use multiple means to increase the use of monetary compensation for those affected by such rebuilding, and improve local infrastructure and public services.With these efforts, we will help more families struggling with housing to bid farewell to rundown areas, and see that with good roofs over their heads our people move on to better lives.積極穩妥去杠桿。我國非金融企業杠桿率較高，這與儲蓄率高、以信貸為主的融資結構有關。要在控制總杠桿率的前提下，把降低企業杠桿率作為重中之重。促進企業盤活存量資產，推進資產證券化，支持市場化法治化債轉股，發展多層次資本市場，加大股權融資力度，強化企業特別是國有企業財務杠桿約束，逐步將企業負債降到合理水平。

Carry out deleveraging in an active and prudent way

There is high leverage in nonfinancial Chinese firms.This is caused by high savings rates and the composition of financing which is primarily based on credit.While working to control overall leverage, we should focus on bringing down the leverage of enterprises.We need to see that the idle assets of enterprises are put to use, push ahead with securitization of corporate assets, support market-and law-based debt-to-equity swaps, develop the multilevel capital market, expand equity financing, and place tighter constraints on enterprises, especially SOEs, in leveraging, so as to gradually reduce enterprise debt to an acceptable level.多措并舉降成本。擴大小微企業享受減半征收所得稅優惠的范圍，年應納稅所得額上限由30萬元提高到50萬元；科技型中小企業研發費用加計扣除比例由50%提高到75%，千方百計使結構性減稅力度和效應進一步顯現。名目繁多的收費使許多企業不堪重負，要大幅降低非稅負擔。Take multiple measures to cut costs

More small businesses with low profits will enjoy halved corporate income tax, with the upper limit of taxable annual income raised from 300,000 to 500,000 yuan.For small and medium high-tech enterprises, the proportion of R&D expenses covered by the additional tax reduction policy is to be raised from 50 to 75 percent.We will do all we can to see the intensity and impact of structural tax cuts deliver further results.The great number of charges have placed an unbearable burden on many businesses;we are going to slash non-tax burdens.一是全面清理規范政府性基金，取消城市公用事業附加等基金，授權地方政府自主減免部分基金。二是取消或停征中央涉企行政事業性收費35項，收費項目再減少一半以上，保留的項目要盡可能降低收費標準。各地也要削減涉企行政事業性收費。

First, we will completely overhaul government-managed funds, abolish municipal public utility surcharges, and authorize local governments to reduce and cancel some funds.Second, we will abolish or suspend 35 administrative charges paid by enterprises to the central government, again cutting the number of charges by more than half;and then reduce as far as possible those that still apply.Local governments also need to make significant cuts to government administrative fees.三是減少政府定價的涉企經營性收費，清理取消行政審批中介服務違規收費，推動降低金融、鐵路貨運等領域涉企經營性收費，加強對市場調節類經營服務性收費的監管。

Third, we will reduce government-set operating fees for businesses.Unauthorized fees charged by intermediaries for government review and approval will be overhauled or abolished.We will work toward lower operating fees levied on businesses in the finance and railway freight sectors.We will strengthen oversight over the collection of market-set service fees.四是繼續適當降低“五險一金”有關繳費比例。五是通過深化改革、完善政策，降低企業制度性交易成本，降低用能、物流等成本。各有關部門和單位都要舍小利顧大義，使企業輕裝上陣，創造條件形成我國競爭新優勢。

Fourth, we will continue to lower as appropriate the share paid by enterprises for contributions to social security.Fifth, we will deepen reforms and improve policies to reduce government imposed transaction costs for businesses and lower their energy and logistics costs.All government departments and agencies concerned should have in mind the overall interests of the country instead of their narrow departmental interests, reduce the financial burden on enterprises, and help them develop new advantages over international competition.精準加力補短板。要針對嚴重制約經濟社會發展和民生改善的突出問題，結合實施“十三五”規劃確定的重大項目，加大補短板力度，加快提升公共服務、基礎設施、創新發展、資源環境等支撐能力。

Take targeted and powerful measures to strengthen areas of weakness We need to focus on salient problems that are holding back economic and social development and making it difficult to improve people’s standards of living, and we should integrate efforts to undertake major projects set out in the 13th Five-Year Plan with efforts to strengthen areas of weakness.We should act faster to raise the capacity of public services, infrastructure, innovation-driven development, and resources and the environment to sustain development.貧困地區和貧困人口是全面建成小康社會最大的短板。要深入實施精準扶貧精準脫貧，今年再減少農村貧困人口1000萬以上，完成易地扶貧搬遷340萬人。中央財政專項扶貧資金增長30%以上。加強集中連片特困地區、革命老區、邊疆和民族地區開發，改善基礎設施和公共服務，推動特色產業發展、勞務輸出、教育和健康扶貧，做好因病等致貧返貧群眾幫扶，實施貧困村整體提升工程，增強貧困地區和貧困群眾自我發展能力。Poor areas and people living in poverty represent the area of greatest weakness we must face as we work to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We need to do more in implementing targeted poverty reduction and elimination measures.This year we will further reduce the number of rural residents living in poverty by over 10 million, including 3.4 million to be relocated from inhospitable areas.Central government funding for poverty alleviation will be increased by over 30 percent.We need to step up development in contiguous areas of extreme poverty, old revolutionary bases, border areas, and areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities.For this we should focus on the following work: improving infrastructure and public services;fostering poverty alleviation through distinctive local businesses, the domestic and overseas export of labor, and improving education and health care;providing assistance to people who become poor or sink back into poverty due to illness;implementing the program for improving life in poor villages;and building the self-development capacity of poor areas and people.推進貧困縣涉農資金整合，強化資金和項目監管。創新扶貧協作機制，支持和引導社會力量參與扶貧。切實落實脫貧攻堅責任制，實施最嚴格的評估考核，嚴肅查處假脫貧、“被脫貧”、數字脫貧，確保脫貧得到群眾認可、經得起歷史檢驗。In poor counties, different rural development funds will be merged, and oversight over funds and projects will be strengthened.We will develop new mechanisms for coordinating poverty reduction efforts.We will support and guide non-governmental participation in combating poverty.The system for ensuring responsibility is taken for poverty elimination will be effectively enforced, the strictest possible evaluations and assessments of poverty alleviation will be carried out, and stern measures will be taken to address deception, falsification, and the manipulation of numbers in poverty elimination work.We must see that the results of our poverty elimination earn the approval of our people and stand the test of time.（二）深化重要領域和關鍵環節改革。要全面深化各領域改革，加快推進基礎性、關鍵性改革，增強內生發展動力。

2.Deepening reform in major sectors and key links Full reform will be deepened in all areas.We will move faster to advance fundamental and critical reforms to boost the internal forces driving development.持續推進政府職能轉變。使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用和更好發揮政府作用，必須深化簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務改革。這是政府自身的一場深刻革命，要繼續以壯士斷腕的勇氣，堅決披荊斬棘向前推進。We will continue to transform government functions.To enable the market to play the decisive role in resource allocation and to give better play to the role of government, we must deepen reforms to streamline government administration, delegate more powers, and improve regulation and service.This is a profound reform of government itself, which we need to continue to pursue with the courage to make painful self-adjustments and overcome all odds.全面實行清單管理制度，制定國務院部門權力和責任清單，加快擴大市場準入負面清單試點，減少政府的自由裁量權，增加市場的自主選擇權。清理取消一批生產和服務許可證。深化商事制度改革，實行多證合一，擴大“證照分離”改革試點。完善事中事后監管制度，實現“雙隨機、一公開”監管全覆蓋，推進綜合行政執法。加快國務院部門和地方政府信息系統互聯互通，形成全國統一政務服務平臺。We will fully implement the list-based management system, formulate lists of powers and responsibilities of the departments under the State Council, accelerate the extension of trials of granting market access on the basis of a negative list, and reduce the discretionary powers of the government while giving the market more freedom to take its course.We will abolish the requirement for permits for a number of production and service activities.We will deepen institutional reforms in the business sector, merge different forms of certification required of businesses into one certificate, and expand trials to separate operating permits and business licenses.We will improve the system for conducting both registration and post-registration oversight over businesses, apply the oversight model of random inspection and public release to cover all business activities, and strengthen coordinated administrative law enforcement.We will accelerate efforts to make the information systems of the State Council departments and those of local governments better connected and form a nationally unified government service platform.我們一定要讓企業和群眾更多感受到“放管服”改革成效，著力打通“最后一公里”，堅決除煩苛之弊、施公平之策、開便利之門。

To see that businesses and the public benefit more from our reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services, we must cut red tape, level the playing field, provide greater convenience, and remove that last crucial hurdle.繼續推進財稅體制改革。落實和完善全面推開營改增政策。簡化增值稅稅率結構，今年由四檔稅率簡并至三檔，營造簡潔透明、更加公平的稅收環境，進一步減輕企業稅收負擔。加快推進中央與地方財政事權和支出責任劃分改革，制定收入劃分總體方案，健全地方稅體系，規范地方政府舉債行為。深入推進政府預決算公開，倒逼沉淀資金盤活，提高資金使用效率，每一筆錢都要花在明處、用出實效。We will continue to reform fiscal and tax systems.We will implement and improve policies on replacing business tax with VAT across the board.We will simplify the structure of VAT rates, and undertake this year to turn the four tax brackets into three.We will create a simple, transparent, and fairer tax environment and further ease the tax burden of our firms.We will move faster to advance the reform of defining the respective financial powers and expenditure responsibilities of the central and local governments, formulate an overall plan for central and local government revenue sharing, improve the local tax system, and better regulate local government debt financing.We will step up efforts to make government budgets and final accounts more transparent to create pressure for idle budgetary funds to be put to good use.We must use funds more efficiently, and ensure every single sum is spent where it can be seen and produces results.抓好金融體制改革。促進金融機構突出主業、下沉重心，增強服務實體經濟能力，堅決防止脫實向虛。

We will advance reforms in the financial sector.We will prompt financial institutions to focus on their main business and make their services accessible to small and micro businesses, strengthen their ability to serve the real economy, and resolutely prevent them from being distracted from their intended purpose.鼓勵大中型商業銀行設立普惠金融事業部，國有大型銀行要率先做到，實行差別化考核評價辦法和支持政策，有效緩解中小微企業融資難、融資貴問題。發揮好政策性開發性金融作用。推進農村信用社改革，強化服務“三農”功能。We will encourage large and medium commercial banks to establish inclusive finance departments.Large state-owned banks should take the lead in this effort.We will adopt differentiated assessment and evaluation measures and supportive policies, and effectively address the problem of medium, small, and micro enterprises being unable to access loans or having to pay high interest to secure loans.We will make good use of policy-backed and development-oriented finance.We will move forward with the reform of rural credit cooperatives and strengthen the role they play in meeting the needs of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.深化多層次資本市場改革，完善主板市場基礎性制度，積極發展創業板、新三板，規范發展區域性股權市場。拓寬保險資金支持實體經濟渠道。大力發展綠色金融。推動融資租賃業健康發展。

We will deepen the reform of the multi-tiered capital market, improve the basic systems of the main board, actively develop the ChiNext stock market and the new third board, and see that regional equity markets develop in a well-regulated way.We will expand channels for using insurance funds to support the real economy.We will make major efforts to develop green finance.We will give impetus to the sound development of the financial leasing industry.當前系統性風險總體可控，但對不良資產、債券違約、影子銀行、互聯網金融等累積風險要高度警惕。積極穩妥推進金融監管體制改革，有序化解處置突出風險點，整頓規范金融秩序，筑牢金融風險“防火墻”。

At present, overall, systemic risks are under control.But we must be fully alert to the buildup of risks, including risks related to non-performing assets, bond defaults, shadow banking, and Internet finance.We will take active and steady steps to advance the reform of the financial regulatory system, and work systematically to defuse major potential risks.We will ensure order in the financial sector and build a firewall against financial risks.我國經濟基本面好，商業銀行資本充足率、撥備覆蓋率比較高，可動用的工具和手段多。對守住不發生系統性金融風險的底線，我們有信心和底氣、有能力和辦法。

The fundamentals of the Chinese economy remain sound, the capital adequacy ratio and provision coverage of commercial banks remain high, and we have many financial tools and instruments that can be used.We have the confidence, the ability, and the means to forestall systemic risks.深入推進國企國資改革。要以提高核心競爭力和資源配置效率為目標，形成有效制衡的公司法人治理結構、靈活高效的市場化經營機制。今年要基本完成公司制改革。

We will deepen the reform of SOEs and state capital.We should develop a corporate governance structure(represented by legal person)that is under effective check and a flexible and efficient market-based operating system, with a view to increasing core competitiveness and making resource allocation more effective.This year we will basically complete the introduction of corporate systems into SOEs.We will deepen reform to establish mixed ownership systems, and make substantive progress in industries including electric power, petroleum, natural gas, railways, civil aviation, telecommunications, and defense.深化混合所有制改革，在電力、石油、天然氣、鐵路、民航、電信、軍工等領域邁出實質性步伐。抓好電力和石油天然氣體制改革，開放競爭性業務。持續推進國有企業瘦身健體、提質增效，抓緊剝離辦社會職能，解決歷史遺留問題。推進國有資本投資、運營公司改革試點。改善和加強國有資產監管，確保資產保值增值，把人民的共同財富切實守護好、發展好。

We will advance structural reform in the power, oil and gas sectors and open their competitive operations to the private sector.We will do more to make SOEs leaner and healthier, and perform better;and we will redouble efforts to relieve SOEs of their obligations to operate social programs and help them resolve other longstanding issues.We will make progress in work on piloting reforms in state capital investment and management companies.We will improve and strengthen regulation of state assets, and ensure that state assets maintain and increase their value, as we are duty bound to see that the common wealth of the people is well protected and grows.更好激發非公有制經濟活力。深入落實支持非公有制經濟發展的政策措施。積極構建新型政商關系。鼓勵非公有制企業參與國有企業改革。堅持權利平等、機會平等、規則平等，進一步放寬非公有制經濟市場準入。凡法律法規未明確禁入的行業和領域，都要允許各類市場主體平等進入；凡向外資開放的行業和領域，都要向民間資本開放；凡影響市場公平競爭的不合理行為，都要堅決制止。We will do more to energize the non-public sector.We will thoroughly implement the policies and measures for supporting the development of the non-public sector.We will work actively to develop a new relationship between government and business.We will encourage non-public enterprises to participate in SOE reforms.We must ensure equal rights, equal opportunities, and fair rules, and further expand market access to the non-public sector.All industries and sectors for which entry is not explicitly prohibited by laws or regulations should be open to different types of market entities;all industries and sectors that are open to overseas investment should be open to Chinese private capital;and all unjustified activities that impede fair market competition should be stopped.加強產權保護制度建設。保護產權就是保護勞動、保護發明創造、保護和發展生產力。要加快完善產權保護制度，依法保障各種所有制經濟組織和公民財產權，激勵人們創業創新創富，激發和保護企業家精神，使企業家安心經營、放心投資。對于侵害企業和公民產權的行為，必須嚴肅查處、有錯必糾。We will improve the property rights protection system.Protecting property rights means protecting labor, protecting invention and innovation, and protecting and developing productive forces.We will work faster to improve the property rights protection system and protect in accordance with law the property rights of economic entities under all forms of ownership and the property rights of citizens.We will encourage people to start businesses, make innovations, and create wealth, and we will inspire and protect entrepreneurship, and ensure that entrepreneurs can run their businesses and make investments with peace of mind.Activities that infringe on the property rights of businesses and citizens must be investigated and dealt with severely;anything that has been done wrong must be corrected.大力推進社會體制改革。

We will make a big push for progress in the reform of the social system.We will deepen reforms in support of change in the income distribution system.We will take steady steps to advance reform of the old-age insurance system, and allocate a portion of state capital to enlarge social security funds.We will deepen the coordinated reform of medical services, health insurance, and the medicine industry.We will introduce overall reform in public hospitals nationwide, abolish all markups on pharmaceuticals, and make coordinated progress in reforming health care pricing, staffing and remuneration, medicine distribution, and models of health insurance payment.We will continue reforms in education, the cultural sector, and public institutions to unleash society’s vast potential for growth.深化收入分配制度配套改革。穩步推動養老保險制度改革，劃轉部分國有資本充實社保基金。深化醫療、醫保、醫藥聯動改革。全面推開公立醫院綜合改革，全部取消藥品加成，協調推進醫療價格、人事薪酬、藥品流通、醫保支付方式等改革。深入推進教育、文化和事業單位等改革，把社會領域的巨大發展潛力充分釋放出來。

深化生態文明體制改革。完善主體功能區制度和生態補償機制，建立資源環境監測預警機制，開展健全國家自然資源資產管理體制試點，出臺國家公園體制總體方案，為生態文明建設提供有力制度保障。

We will deepen institutional reform to build a sound ecological environment.We will improve the functional zoning system and the mechanisms for compensating for ecological conservation efforts;we will put in place resource and environment monitoring and early-warning mechanisms;we will launch trials to improve the state natural resource assets management system;and we will introduce an overall plan for establishing a national parks system.All these efforts should provide effective institutional safeguards for building a sound ecological environment.（三）進一步釋放國內需求潛力。推動供給結構和需求結構相適應、消費升級和有效投資相促進、區域城鄉發展相協調，增強內需對經濟增長的持久拉動作用。3.Doing more to unleash the potential of domestic demand

We will push to see that the composition of supply becomes better matched with the composition of demand and that consumption upgrades and effective investment reinforce each other;we will promote coordinated development between regions and between rural and urban areas;and we will strengthen the role of domestic demand in sustaining growth.促進消費穩定增長。適應消費需求變化，完善政策措施，改善消費環境。一要加快發展服務消費。開展新一輪服務業綜合改革試點，支持社會力量提供教育、文化、養老、醫療等服務。推動服務業模式創新和跨界融合，發展醫養結合、文化創意等新興消費。落實帶薪休假制度，完善旅游設施和服務，大力發展鄉村、休閑、全域旅游。擴大數字家庭、在線教育等信息消費。促進電商、快遞進社區進農村，推動實體店銷售和網購融合發展。

We will promote a steady increase in consumer spending.We need to adapt to changes in consumer demand, improve our policies and measures, and create a better consumer environment.First, we need to speed up the development of service consumption.We will launch a new round of trials for comprehensive reform in the service sector, and support the non-governmental sector in providing educational, cultural, elderly care, healthcare, and other services.We will encourage development of new service models and cross-sectoral integration, combined medical and elderly care services, cultural and creative services, and other emerging forms of consumption.We will ensure paid vacations are enforced, improve tourist facilities and services, and make a big push to develop rural tourism, recreational tourism, and all-for-one tourism.We will increase information consumption including digital homes and online learning.We will see that communities and rural areas have better access to e-commerce and express delivery services, and encourage the integrated development of physical store sales and online shopping.二要增加高品質產品消費。引導企業增品種、提品質、創品牌，擴大內外銷產品“同線同標同質”實施范圍，更好滿足消費升級需求。三要整頓和規范市場秩序。嚴肅查處假冒偽劣、虛假廣告、價格欺詐等行為，加強消費者權益保護，讓群眾花錢消費少煩心、多舒心。

Second, we need to boost consumption of quality products.We will guide enterprises in increasing the variety of products, raising their quality, and building the brands of their products.More products sold domestically should be produced on the same production lines, meet the same standards, and be of the same quality as products for export in order to better satisfy the needs of upgrading consumption.Third, we need to ensure order in the market.We will be strict about investigating and punishing the production and sale of counterfeit and substandard goods, false advertising, and price fraud.We will strengthen the protection of consumer rights;and we will make sure that spending is an enjoyable rather than a disappointing experience for consumers.積極擴大有效投資。引導資金更多投向補短板、調結構、促創新、惠民生的領域。今年要完成鐵路建設投資8000億元、公路水運投資1.8萬億元，再開工15項重大水利工程，繼續加強軌道交通、民用和通用航空、電信基礎設施等重大項目建設。中央預算內投資安排5076億元。落實和完善促進民間投資的政策措施。深化政府和社會資本合作，完善相關價格、稅費等優惠政策，政府要帶頭講誠信，決不能隨意改變約定，決不能“新官不理舊賬”。

We will work proactively to expand effective investment.We will guide more investment into fields that will help to strengthen weak areas, drive structural adjustment, encourage innovation, and improve people’s lives.This year, we will invest 800 billion yuan in railway construction and 1.8 trillion yuan in highway and waterway projects.Construction on another 15 major water conservancy projects will begin;and work on major rail transport, civil and general aviation, and telecommunications infrastructure projects will be sped up.A total of 507.6 billion yuan of investment has been included in the central government budget this year.We will implement and improve policies and measures for encouraging private investment.We will continue to promote public-private partnerships, and improve related policies on preferential pricing, tax, and fee arrangements.Government must take the lead in acting in good faith and must never arbitrarily change agreements, and new officials must not disavow obligations undertaken by their predecessors.優化區域發展格局。統籌推進三大戰略和“四大板塊”發展，實施好相關規劃，研究制定新舉措。推動國家級新區、開發區、產業園區等創新發展。支持資源枯竭、生態嚴重退化等地區經濟轉型發展。優化空域資源配置。推進海洋經濟示范區建設，加快建設海洋強國，堅決維護國家海洋權益。We will improve planning for regional development.We will coordinate the launching of three strategic initiatives and the development of the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions.We will ensure related plans are well implemented and explore and adopt new measures.We will boost the development of national-level new areas, development zones, and industrial parks through innovation.We will support the economic transformation and development of areas hurt by resource depletion and severe ecological degradation.Airspace resources will be better allocated.We will speed up the development of maritime economy demonstration zones, we will move faster to develop China into a strong maritime country, and we will be resolute in safeguarding China’s maritime rights and interests.扎實推進新型城鎮化。深化戶籍制度改革，今年實現進城落戶1300萬人以上，加快居住證制度全覆蓋。支持中小城市和特色小城鎮發展，推動一批具備條件的縣和特大鎮有序設市，發揮城市群輻射帶動作用。

We will take solid steps to pursue a new type of urbanization.We will deepen the reform of the household registration system.This year, at least 13 million new urban residents will be registered as permanent urban residents.We will speed up work to introduce the urban residence card system nationwide.We will support the development of small and medium cities and small towns with distinctive local features.We will help a number of counties and very large towns that meet the criteria to steadily develop into cities, and we will make city clusters better play their role in driving the development of their surrounding areas.促進“多規合一”，提升城市規劃設計水平。推進建筑業改革發展，提高工程質量。統籌城市地上地下建設，加強城市地質調查，再開工建設城市地下綜合管廊2000公里以上，啟動消除城區重點易澇區段三年行動，推進海綿城市建設，有效治理交通擁堵等“城市病”，使城市既有“面子”、更有“里子”。

We will encourage local governments to integrate their urban plans into single master plans and raise the standard of municipal planning and design.We will take more steps to reform and develop the construction industry, and improve the quality of construction projects.We will promote coordinated urban development above and below the ground, strengthen geological surveying, and begin construction on at least another 2,000 kilometers of underground utility tunnels in cities.A three-year initiative will be launched to remove the risk of flooding in highly vulnerable urban areas, further progress will be made in the development of sponge cities, and effective steps will be taken to address traffic congestion and other urban maladies.All these efforts will make our cities more attractive and function better.（四）以創新引領實體經濟轉型升級。實體經濟從來都是我國發展的根基，當務之急是加快轉型升級。要深入實施創新驅動發展戰略，推動實體經濟優化結構，不斷提高質量、效益和競爭力。

4.Transforming and upgrading the real economy through innovation The real economy has always been the foundation of China’s development;the task we now face is to speed up its transformation and upgrading.We will do more to implement the strategy of innovation-driven development, upgrade the structure of the real economy, and improve its performance and competitiveness.提升科技創新能力。完善對基礎研究和原創性研究的長期穩定支持機制，建設國家重大科技基礎設施和技術創新中心，打造科技資源開放共享平臺。推進全面創新改革試驗。改革科技評價制度。切實落實高校和科研院所自主權，落實股權期權和分紅等激勵政策，落實科研經費和項目管理制度改革，讓科研人員不再為雜事瑣事分心勞神。

We will strengthen our capability for making technological innovations.We will improve mechanisms for providing continued long-term support for fundamental research and original research, build major national infrastructure projects for science and technology and set up technological innovation hubs, and establish platforms for sharing R&D resources.We will continue piloting reforms for all-around innovation.We will reform the system for assessing scientific and technological achievements.We will see our universities and research institutes truly operate with autonomy, ensure that incentive policies like stocks, options, and dividends are implemented, and implement the reform of the systems for managing research funding and projects.These steps should keep our scientists and engineers from being distracted and allow them to focus on their research.開展知識產權綜合管理改革試點，完善知識產權創造、保護和運用體系。深化人才發展體制改革，實施更加有效的人才引進政策，廣聚天下英才，充分激發科研人員積極性，定能成就創新大業。

We will begin piloting reforms to conduct integrated management of intellectual property rights and improve the system for creating, protecting, and applying intellectual property rights.We will deepen reform of China’s systems for cultivating talent and introduce more effective policies for bringing in talent from overseas.By welcoming the world’s brightest minds to China and fully motivating our scientists and engineers, we will use innovation to accomplish great things.加快培育壯大新興產業。全面實施戰略性新興產業發展規劃，加快新材料、新能源、人工智能、集成電路、生物制藥、第五代移動通信等技術研發和轉化，做大做強產業集群。支持和引導分享經濟發展，提高社會資源利用效率，便利人民群眾生活。本著鼓勵創新、包容審慎原則，制定新興產業監管規則，引導和促進新興產業健康發展。深化統計管理體制改革，健全新興產業統計。We will accelerate the development of emerging industries.We will fully implement our plan for developing strategic emerging industries.We will accelerate R&D on and commercialization of new materials, new energy, artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, bio-pharmacy, 5G mobile communications, and other technologies, and develop industrial clusters in these fields.We will continue to support and guide the development of the sharing economy to enable greater efficiency in the use of resources and bring greater convenience to our people.We will formulate regulatory rules for emerging industries in keeping with the principle of encouraging innovation and conducting regulation in a tolerant and prudent way, and guide and promote the healthy development of emerging industries.We will deepen reform of the statistics management system and improve statistics on emerging industries.在互聯網時代，各領域發展都需要速度更快、成本更低、安全性更高的信息網絡。今年網絡提速降費要邁出更大步伐，年內全部取消手機國內長途和漫游費，大幅降低中小企業互聯網專線接入資費，降低國際長途電話費，推動“互聯網+”深入發展、促進數字經濟加快成長，讓企業廣泛受益、群眾普遍受惠。

In the age of the Internet, faster, safer, and more cost-effective information networks are crucial to the development of every sector.This year, we will do more to increase broadband speed and lower rates for Internet services.Mobile rates for domestic roaming and long-distance calls will be cancelled;rates for broadband services for small and medium enterprises will be slashed;and rates for international calls will be lowered.We will push forward with the Internet Plus action plan and speed up the development of the digital economy.I am confident that all these steps will benefit both businesses and our people.大力改造提升傳統產業。深入實施《中國制造2025》，加快大數據、云計算、物聯網應用，以新技術新業態新模式，推動傳統產業生產、管理和營銷模式變革。We will endeavor to transform and upgrade traditional industries.We will intensify efforts to implement the Made in China 2025 initiative, promote accelerated application of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things, and use new technologies, new forms of business, and new models to bring about transformation in the production, management, and marketing models of traditional industries.把發展智能制造作為主攻方向，推進國家智能制造示范區、制造業創新中心建設，深入實施工業強基、重大裝備專項工程，大力發展先進制造業，推動中國制造向中高端邁進。完善制造強國建設政策體系，以多種方式支持技術改造，促進傳統產業煥發新的蓬勃生機。

With the development of smart manufacturing as our focus, we will press ahead with building national smart manufacturing demonstration zones and manufacturing innovation centers.We will work hard on the implementation of projects to build a robust foundation for industrial development and projects to develop and make major equipment, and we will make a big push to develop advanced manufacturing, thus moving toward mid-and high-end manufacturing.We will improve policies designed to turn China into a manufacturer of quality, and we will adopt a variety of supportive measures for technological upgrading and re-energize traditional industries.持續推進大眾創業、萬眾創新。“雙創”是以創業創新帶動就業的有效方式，是推動新舊動能轉換和經濟結構升級的重要力量，是促進機會公平和社會縱向流動的現實渠道，要不斷引向深入。

We will continue to encourage people to start businesses and make innovations.Our policy of encouraging people to start businesses and innovate is an effective way of creating jobs through business startups and innovation;it is an important source of strength that fosters new growth drivers to replace old ones and that upgrades the economic structure;and it is an effective channel for promoting equal opportunity and facilitating vertical social mobility.We must keep on pushing hard with this policy.新建一批“雙創”示范基地，鼓勵大企業和科研院所、高校設立專業化眾創空間，加強對創新型中小微企業支持，打造面向大眾的“雙創”全程服務體系，使各類主體各展其長、線上線下良性互動，使小企業鋪天蓋地、大企業頂天立地，市場活力和社會創造力競相迸發。

We will establish more entrepreneurship and innovation demonstration centers;we will encourage large enterprises, research institutes, and universities to establish specialized spaces for crowd innovation;we will strengthen support for innovative medium, small and micro businesses;and we will develop a full range of services that are accessible to the general public for the entire business startup and innovation process.All this should help entities to fully exploit their own strengths and interact both on-and off-line, and see small enterprises burgeoning nationwide, large enterprises growing mighty, and market dynamism and social creativity being fully unleashed.全面提升質量水平。廣泛開展質量提升行動，加強全面質量管理，夯實質量技術基礎，強化質量監督，健全優勝劣汰質量競爭機制。質量之魂，存于匠心。要大力弘揚工匠精神，厚植工匠文化，恪盡職業操守，崇尚精益求精，完善激勵機制，培育眾多“中國工匠”，打造更多享譽世界的“中國品牌”，推動中國經濟發展進入質量時代。

We will take comprehensive steps to improve product quality.We will take a broad range of actions to raise quality, strengthening all-around quality management, building firm technological foundations for product quality, tightening quality oversight, and improving the competitive mechanism that links a firm’s fate in business to the quality of its products.Quality is born of workmanship.We will promote workmanship and foster a culture of workmanship where workers have a strong work ethic and tirelessly seek improvement.We will refine our incentive mechanisms and see great numbers of Chinese workers exemplify workmanship and more Chinese brands enjoy international recognition.We will usher in an era of quality for economic development in China.（五）促進農業穩定發展和農民持續增收。深入推進農業供給側結構性改革，完善強農惠農政策，拓展農民就業增收渠道，保障國家糧食安全，推動農業現代化與新型城鎮化互促共進，加快培育農業農村發展新動能。

5.Promoting steady development of agriculture and continued increases in rural incomes

We will do more to advance supply-side structural reform in agriculture, improve policies to boost agriculture and benefit farmers, and create more channels for rural residents to find employment and increase their incomes.We will ensure China’s food security, see that agricultural modernization and new urbanization reinforce each other, and speed up efforts to foster new drivers powering agricultural and rural development.推進農業結構調整。引導農民根據市場需求發展生產，增加優質綠色農產品供給，擴大優質水稻、小麥生產，適度調減玉米種植面積，糧改飼試點面積擴大到1000萬畝以上。鼓勵多渠道消化玉米庫存。支持主產區發展農產品精深加工，發展觀光農業、休閑農業，拓展產業鏈價值鏈，打造農村一二三產業融合發展新格局。We will push forward with structural adjustment in agriculture.We will guide farmers in responding to market demand, increasing the supply of quality green agricultural products and the production of quality rice and wheat, and making appropriate reductions to the amount of land devoted to growing corn.We will expand trials to replace grain crop with feed crop cultivation to cover over 667,000 hectares.We will encourage the use of multiple channels to reduce excess stockpiles of corn.We will support major agricultural production areas in developing intensive processing of agricultural products, develop farm-based recreation or agritourism, extend industry chains and value chains, and step up the integrated development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas.加強現代農業建設。加快推進農產品標準化生產、品牌創建和保護，打造糧食生產功能區、重要農產品生產保護區、特色農產品優勢區和現代農業產業園。推進土地整治，大力改造中低產田，推廣旱作技術，新增高效節水灌溉面積2000萬畝。加強耕地保護，改進占補平衡。

We will boost the development of modern agriculture.We will work faster to see due standards are followed in agricultural production, and promote the development and protection of brand name agricultural products.We will create functional zones for grain production, major agricultural product protection areas, areas for growing quality and distinctively local agricultural products, and modern agriculture industrial parks.We will continue to improve rural land, upgrade low-and medium-yield cropland, and spread dry-farming techniques, adding 1.33 million hectares of farmland under highly water-efficient irrigation.We will strengthen the protection of cultivated land and improve work to offset cultivated land used for other purposes.發展多種形式適度規模經營，是中國特色農業現代化的必由之路，離不開農業保險有力保障。今年在13個糧食主產省選擇部分縣市，對適度規模經營農戶實施大災保險，調整部分財政救災資金予以支持，提高保險覆蓋面和理賠標準，完善農業再保險體系，以持續穩健的農業保險助力現代農業發展。

Developing appropriately scaled, diversified farming operations is vital for Chinese-style agricultural modernization, and these operations need to be covered by agricultural insurance.This year, in selected counties and county-level cities in 13 major grain-producing provinces, we will provide catastrophe insurance for farmers engaging in appropriately scaled farming operations.We will channel a portion of budgetary disaster relief funds into this initiative and expand the coverage and raise the benefits of the insurance scheme.We will improve the agricultural reinsurance system.We wish to use sustainable and sound agricultural insurance schemes to drive the development of modern agriculture.深化農村改革。穩步推進農村集體產權制度改革，深化農村土地制度改革試點，賦予農民更多財產權利。完善糧食等重要農產品價格形成機制和收儲制度，推進農業水價綜合改革。深化集體林權、國有林區林場、農墾、供銷社等改革。加強農村基層組織建設。健全農村“雙創”促進機制，培養更多新型職業農民，支持農民工返鄉創業，進一步采取措施鼓勵高校畢業生、退役軍人、科技人員到農村施展才華。

We will deepen rural reforms.We will take steady steps to reform the rural collective property rights system and deepen the pilot reform of the rural land system to see our farmers are granted more property rights.We will improve pricing mechanisms for grain and other important agricultural products as well as the system for their purchase and storage.We will carry out comprehensive reform of the pricing for water used in agriculture.We will deepen reforms related to collective forest tenure, state forestry areas and farms, state-owned farms, and rural supply and marketing cooperatives.We will strengthen the development of rural community-level organizations.We will improve the mechanisms for encouraging business startups and innovation in rural areas, train more professional farmers of new kinds, support migrant workers in starting businesses in their hometowns and villages, and take further measures to encourage college graduates, demobilized military personnel, and scientists and engineers to work in rural areas.加強農村公共設施建設。新建改建農村公路20萬公里。實現農村穩定可靠供電服務和平原地區機井通電全覆蓋。完成3萬個行政村通光纖。提高農村飲水安全供水保證率。加大農村危房改造力度。深入推進農村人居環境整治，建設既有現代文明、又具田園風光的美麗鄉村。We will step up the development of public facilities in rural areas.A total of 200,000 kilometers of roads will be upgraded or built in rural areas.We will see that all rural areas have a steady and reliable supply of power and that all electric pumpsets on rural flatlands are connected.Fiber-optic broadband will be extended to 30,000 administrative villages.We will increase water supply to better ensure access to safe drinking water.We will intensify efforts to renovate dilapidated houses and improve rural living environments.Our goal is to develop rural China into a place where people can enjoy both the beauty of the countryside and the conveniences of modern living.（六）積極主動擴大對外開放。面對國際環境新變化和國內發展新要求，要進一步完善對外開放戰略布局，加快構建開放型經濟新體制，推動更深層次更高水平的對外開放。

6.Actively expanding China’s opening up to the world

Faced with new changes in the international environment and the new requirements of China’s development, we need to further refine our strategic plan for opening up, work faster to build new systems for an open economy, and drive China toward both deeper and higher level opening up.扎實推進“一帶一路”建設。堅持共商共建共享，加快陸上經濟走廊和海上合作支點建設，構建沿線大通關合作機制。深化國際產能合作，帶動我國裝備、技術、標準、服務走出去，實現優勢互補。加強教育、科技、文化、衛生、旅游等人文交流合作。高質量辦好“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇，同奏合作共贏新樂章。We will make solid efforts to pursue the Belt and Road Initiative.Guided by the principle of achieving shared growth through consultation and collaboration, we will accelerate the building of overland economic corridors and maritime cooperation hubs, and establish cooperative mechanisms for achieving compatibility in customs clearance procedures along the routes.We will deepen international industrial-capacity cooperation, promoting the export of Chinese equipment, technologies, standards, and services, to see that China and other countries are able to draw on each other’s strengths.We will strengthen personal and cultural exchanges and cooperation in education, science and technology, culture, healthcare, and tourism.We will see that in

第四篇：2009年政府工作報告(中英對照)

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

政府工作報告

Delivered at the Second Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2009

——２００９年３月５日在第十一屆全國人民代表大會第二次會議上

Wen Jiabao 溫家寶

Premier of the State Council 國務院總理

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表：

On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also solicit comments and suggestions on the report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).現在，我代表國務院，向大會作政府工作報告，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。

I.Review of the Work in 2008

一、２００８年工作回顧

The year 2008 was truly eventful.Our country's economic and social development withstood severe challenges and tests that were rarely seen before.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), the people of all our ethnic groups faced difficulties squarely, worked with courage and determination, surmounted all difficulties and obstacles, and made new achievements in reform, opening up and socialist modernization.２００８年是極不平凡的一年。我國經濟社會發展經受住了歷史罕見的重大挑戰和考驗。在中國共產黨領導下，全國各族人民迎難而上，奮力拼搏，戰勝各種艱難險阻，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得新的重大成就。

-The national economy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth.GDP topped 30 trillion yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year.Overall price rises were held in check.Government revenue was 6.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.5%.Grain output rose for the fifth consecutive year and totaled 528.5 million tons, a record high.——國民經濟繼續保持平穩較快增長。國內生產總值超過３０萬億元，比上年增長９％；星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)物價總水平漲幅得到控制；財政收入６．１３萬億元，增長１９．５％；糧食連續五年增產，總產量５２８５０萬噸，創歷史最高水平。

-Reform and opening up were further deepened.New breakthroughs were made in reforms in key areas and crucial links, such as the fiscal, taxation, financial and pricing systems and administration.Imports and exports totaled US$ 2.56 trillion, an increase of 17.8%.Paid-in foreign direct investment reached $92.4billion.——改革開放深入推進。財稅、金融、價格、行政管理等重點領域和關鍵環節的改革取得新突破。進出口貿易總額２．５６萬億美元，增長１７．８％。實際利用外商直接投資９２４億美元。

-Development of social programs was accelerated, and the living standards of the people continued to rise.A total of 11.13million more urban residents entered the workforce.Urban per capita annual disposable income reached 15,781 yuan, an increase of 8.4% in real terms, and rural per capita net income reached 4,761 yuan, up by 8% in real terms.——社會事業加快發展，人民生活進一步改善。城鎮新增就業１１１３萬人；城鎮居民人均可支配收入１５７８１元，農村居民人均純收入４７６１元，實際增長８．４％和８％。

-Great victories were won in the fight against massive natural disasters.The Beijing Olympics and Paralympics were held successfully, and the Shenzhou VII manned space mission was a complete success.——全面奪取抗擊特大自然災害的重大勝利。成功舉辦北京奧運會、殘奧會。圓滿完成神舟七號載人航天飛行。

These achievements signify that we have taken new and solid steps along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.They have greatly fortified the courage and strength of the people of all our ethnic groups to surmount difficulties and will definitely encourage us to bravely forge ahead on the new historical course.這些成就，標志著我們在中國特色社會主義道路上邁出新的堅實步伐，極大地增強了全國各族人民戰勝困難的勇氣和力量，必將激勵我們在新的歷史征程上繼續奮勇前進。

Last year, we accomplished the following important work: 一年來，我們做了以下主要工作：

1.Making timely and resolute adjustments to macroeconomic policies and doing everything possible to maintain steady and rapid economic development

（一）及時果斷調整宏觀經濟政策，全力保持經濟平穩較快發展

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)We maintained the right direction, focus, intensity and pace of macro control, and adopted a series of policies and measures to promote steady and rapid economic development.In a complex and volatile situation, we actively responded to the severe impact of the global financial crisis and worked hard to make our macro control more proactive, targeted and effective.In the middle of the year, when energy and grain prices on the international market were high, world economic growth slowed, and exports from and economic growth in China's coastal regions began to decline, we promptly shifted the priority of macro control to maintaining steady and rapid economic development and controlling price hikes, and adopted relevant fiscal, taxation and financial measures.In September, the international economic situation started to deteriorate sharply and its negative impact became increasingly felt in China.We again resolutely shifted the focus of macro control to preventing economic growth from slowing down too quickly.We implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We raised export rebate rates three times, lowered the benchmark interest rates on savings and loans for financial institutions on five occasions, reduced required reserve ratios four times, suspended the individual income tax on interest earnings from savings, reduced securities transaction stamp tax rates, cut taxes and fees on housing transactions, and increased credit support to small and medium-sized enterprises.In accordance with the requirement that we act fast, be forceful, take targeted measures and stress implementation, we promptly introduced ten measures to further boost domestic demand and promote economic growth, and implemented them without delay.We adopted a succession of policies and measures to encourage financial institutions to support economic development, promote sound development of the textile and other light industries and the real estate market, expand consumption by improving distribution, maintain steady growth in foreign trade, and keep the employment situation stable.At the same time, we stepped up efforts to formulate plans for restructuring and revitalizing key industries.Together, these measures have played a crucial role in alleviating serious problems affecting economic performance, enhancing confidence, stabilizing expectations and maintaining steady and rapid economic development.我們正確把握宏觀調控的方向、重點、力度和節奏，采取一系列促進經濟平穩較快發展的政策措施，在復雜多變的形勢下，積極應對國際金融危機的嚴重沖擊，努力增強調控的預見性、針對性和有效性。年中，在國際能源和糧食價格處于高位、世界經濟增長放緩的情況下，針對沿海地區出現出口和經濟增速下滑苗頭，及時把宏觀調控的首要任務調整為“保持經濟平穩較快發展，控制物價過快上漲”，并采取了一些有針對性的財稅金融措施。９月份后，國際經濟形勢急轉直下，對我國的不利影響明顯加重，我們又果斷地把宏觀調控的著力點轉到防止經濟增速過快下滑上來，實施積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，三次提高出口退稅率，五次下調金融機構存貸款基準利率，四次下調存款準備金率，暫免儲蓄存款利息個人所得稅，下調證券交易印花稅，降低住房交易稅費，加大對中小企業信貸支持。按照出手要快、出拳要重、措施要準、工作要實的要求，迅速推出進一步擴大內需、促進經濟增長的十項措施，爭分奪秒地加以落實；接連出臺金融支持經濟發展、促進輕紡工業健康發展、促進房地產市場健康發展、搞活流通擴大消費和保持對外貿易穩定增長、穩定就業等政策措施，加快制定重點產業調整振興規劃。這些措施對緩解經濟運行中的突出矛盾、增強信心、穩定預期、保持經濟平穩較快發展，發揮了至關重要的作用。

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)

We continued to strengthen our work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers without any letup.Central government budgetary spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers was 595.5 billion yuan for the whole year, a year-on-year increase of 163.7 billion yuan or 37.9%.This included 103 billion yuan, twice the figure for the previous year, in direct subsidies to grain producers, general subsidies for agricultural production supplies, and subsidies for superior crop varieties and the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools.We significantly raised minimum grain purchase prices three times, with the total increase exceeding 20%.We implemented a temporary policy for purchasing and stockpiling major agricultural products.We intensified the protection of arable land and the construction of agricultural water conservancy projects, and increased overall agricultural production capacity.We supported the production of hogs, oilseeds and dairy products.These policies and measures played an important role in maintaining and stimulating the enthusiasm of farmers, ensuring the supply of major farm products and increasing rural incomes, and provided strong support for maintaining overall stability in economic and social development.毫不放松地加強“三農”工作。全年中央財政用于“三農”的投入５９５５億元，比上年增加１６３７億元，增長３７．９％，其中糧食直補、農資綜合補貼、良種補貼、農機具購置補貼資金達１０３０億元，比上年增長一倍。三次較大幅度提高糧食最低收購價，提價幅度超過２０％。實施主要農產品臨時收儲政策。加強耕地保護和農田水利建設，提高農業綜合生產能力。扶持生豬、油料、奶業發展。這些政策措施在保護和調動農民積極性、保障重要農產品供給、增加農民收入方面發揮了重要作用，為穩定經濟社會發展全局提供了有力支撐。

We unswervingly promoted independent innovation and economic restructuring.We launched 16 major national science and technology projects, and established a number of new national engineering centers, key laboratories and enterprise technology centers in such fields as information technology, biotechnology and environmental protection.We successfully developed a number of key technologies and major equipment in the areas of regional aircraft, automobiles powered by new energy sources and high-speed railways.The central government invested 116.3 billion yuan in science and technology, an increase of 16.4%.Significant steps were taken in reorganization of the telecommunications and civil aviation industries.We continued to eliminate backward production facilities.Last year, we shut down small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 16.69 million kilowatts and closed 1,054 small coalmines.Investment in infrastructure and basic industries was increased, and a number of major projects in energy, transportation and water conservancy were completed or launched.Steady progress was made in implementing the master strategy for regional development, and economic development in different regions became better coordinated.堅定不移地推進自主創新和經濟結構調整。實施１６個國家重大科技專項。在信息、生物、環保等領域新建一批國家工程中心、重點實驗室和企業技術中心。成功研發支線飛機、新能源汽車、高速鐵路等一批關鍵技術和重大裝備。中央財政科技投入１１６３億元，增長１６．４％。電信、航空等行業重組邁出重要步伐。繼續淘汰落后產能，全年關停小火電１星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)６６９萬千瓦，關閉小煤礦１０５４處。加大基礎設施和基礎產業投資力度，在能源、交通、水利等方面建成和開工一批重大項目。扎實推進區域發展總體戰略，區域經濟發展協調性增強。

We steadfastly promoted energy conservation, emissions reduction and ecological and environmental protection.The central government allocated 42.3 billion yuan to support development of ten key energy conservation projects and environmental protection facilities.The daily sewage treatment capacity rose by an additional 11.49 million tons in urban areas, and desulfurization equipment was installed in coal-fired power plants with a total capacity of 97.12 million kilowatts.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 4.59% from the previous year;chemical oxygen demand fell by 4.42%;and sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 5.95%.For the past three years combined, total energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by 10.08%;chemical oxygen demand dropped by 6.61%;and sulfur dioxide emissions dropped by 8.95%.We built on the achievements in returning farmland to forests and restoring livestock pastures to grasslands, and carried out ecological conservation projects such as protecting virgin forests and developing the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province.We implemented the plan to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys and regions and issued the white paper China's Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change.堅持不懈地推動節能減排和生態環境保護。中央財政安排４２３億元資金，支持十大重點節能工程和環保設施等項目建設。全國新增城市污水日處理能力１１４９萬噸，新增燃煤脫硫機組容量９７１２萬千瓦。單位國內生產總值能耗比上年下降４．５９％，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別減少４．４２％和５．９５％。近三年累計，單位國內生產總值能耗下降１０．０８％，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別減少６．６１％和８．９５％。鞏固退耕還林還草成果，推進天然林、青海三江源等生態保護和建設工程。實施重點流域、區域水污染防治規劃。發布了《中國應對氣候變化的政策與行動》白皮書。

2.Balancing economic and social development and strengthening all aspects of social development with the focus on improving people's lives

（二）統籌經濟社會發展，全面加強以改善民生為重點的社會建設

Efforts were intensified to increase employment and improve the social safety net.We improved our policy to stimulate and expand employment by encouraging business startups, and enforced the minimum wage system.The coverage of all social security schemes continued to expand, with 17.53 million more urban workers subscribing to basic old-age insurance, 20.28 million more subscribing to basic medical insurance, and the unemployment, workers' compensation and maternity insurance steadily expanding to cover more workers.Pensions of enterprise retirees rose by 110 yuan per month per person.We launched trials to reform the basic old-age insurance system for employees of government-affiliated institutions.We actively explored ways to establish a new system of 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)old-age insurance for rural residents and made steady progress in making social security available to rural migrant workers in urban areas and farmers whose land has been expropriated.We comprehensively improved the system of cost of living allowances for both urban and rural residents, and provided allowances to 66.19 million residents.We raised living allowances for low-income groups and university students in a timely fashion.Preferential treatment enjoyed by key entitled groups was increased substantially.We intensified efforts to develop low-income housing and renovate shantytowns, thus alleviating some of the housing difficulties of the low-income population.An additional of more than 48 million rural people gained access to safe drinking water.就業和社會保障工作進一步加強。完善促進就業、以創業帶動就業的政策，落實最低工資制度。各項社會保險覆蓋面繼續擴大，城鎮職工基本養老保險、基本醫療保險參保人數分別增加１７５３萬和２０２８萬，失業、工傷、生育保險參保人數繼續增加。企業退休人員養老金人均每月新增１１０元。啟動事業單位基本養老保險制度改革試點。積極探索建立新型農村社會養老保險制度，農民工、被征地農民社會保障工作穩步推進。全面加強城鄉居民最低生活保障制度建設，救助人數達到６６１９萬人。及時增加對低收入群體和大學生的生活補貼。大幅度提高重點優撫對象的撫恤優待標準。加大保障性住房建設和棚戶區改造力度，低收入群眾住房困難問題得到一定程度緩解。解決４８００多萬農村人口的飲水安全問題。

Further progress was made in promoting fair education for all.Free compulsory education became available to all students, urban or rural, throughout the country, and all rural students receiving compulsory education obtained free textbooks.The standards for repairing and renovating school buildings in the central and western regions were raised, and the government allocated 3.25 billion yuan to provide heating to rural primary and secondary schools in the north.Development of vocational education was accelerated.The national financial aid system for students was further improved.The central government spent 22.3 billion yuan and local governments increased funding as well to assist more than 20 million students.Grants of 1,500 yuan per student per annum were given to secondary vocational school students from rural areas or needy urban families, benefiting 90% of the current student population in these vocational schools.促進教育公平取得新進展。全面實行城鄉免費義務教育，對所有農村義務教育階段學生免費提供教科書。提高中西部地區校舍維修標準，國家財政安排３２．５億元幫助解決北方農村中小學取暖問題。職業教育加快發展。國家助學制度進一步完善，中央財政投入２２３億元，地方財政也加大投入，資助學生超過２０００萬人；向中等職業學校中來自城市經濟困難家庭和農村的學生提供助學金，每人每年１５００元，惠及９０％的在校生。

Steady progress was made in reform and development of the pharmaceutical and health care system.A total of 814 million people, accounting for 91.5% of the rural population, now benefit from the new type of rural cooperative medical care system.The number of selected cities participating in trials of the basic medical insurance system for urban residents increased from 88 to 317, and the number of participating individuals 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)increased by 73.59 million to 117 million.Significant progress was made in developing a system of community-based health services in urban areas.We continued to expand the coverage of the reward and assistance system for rural families complying with family planning regulations, and implemented the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” program in more places in the countryside.醫藥衛生改革發展穩步推進。參加新型農村合作醫療的人口８．１４億，參合率９１．５％。城鎮居民基本醫療保險試點城市由上年的８８個增加到３１７個，參保人數增加７３５９萬，總計達到１．１７億。城市社區衛生服務體系建設取得重大進展。農村計劃生育家庭獎勵扶助制度和少生快富工程實施范圍繼續擴大。

We accelerated the development of culture and sports.Public cultural infrastructure facilities were improved, the cultural industries developed rapidly, and reform of the cultural management system was constantly deepened.We mobilized all resources and hosted a distinctive and high-level Beijing Olympicsand Paralympics, thus fulfilling the century-old dream of the Chinese nation, and Chinese athletes competed hard and brave and scored excellent achievements in the Games.This greatly aroused the patriotism of all our people and strengthened the cohesiveness of our nation.文化體育事業加快發展。公共文化基礎設施建設得到加強，文化產業快速發展，文化體制改革不斷深化。全力舉辦了有特色、高水平的北京奧運會、殘奧會，實現了中華民族的百年夢想；中國運動員頑強拼搏，取得優異成績，這極大地激發了全國人民的愛國熱情，增強了民族凝聚力。

We continued to strengthen democracy and the legal system.The system of local-level democracy was further improved.Significant progress was made in enhancing law-based government.Last year, the State Council submitted eight bills, including a draft of the Social Insurance Law and draft amendments to the Law on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters, to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for deliberation.It also formulated or revised 30 administrative laws and regulations.The Regulations on Making Government Information Public was fully implemented.The public security system for crime prevention and control was strengthened.We battled against secessionist and terrorist activities, protected China's national security and maintained social stability.Our work related to ethnic minority, religious and overseas Chinese affairs further improved.民主法制建設繼續加強。基層民主制度進一步健全。依法行政深入推進。國務院提請全國人大常委會審議了社會保險法、防震減災法等８件法律議案，制定或修訂了３０件行政法規。全面實施政府信息公開條例。加強社會治安防控體系建設，開展反分裂、反恐怖斗爭，維護了國家安全和社會穩定。民族、宗教、僑務工作進一步加強。

3.Vigorously advancing reform and opening up and injecting fresh vitality and impetus into economic and social development

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)

（三）積極推進改革開放，為經濟社會發展注入新的活力和動力

Institutional restructuring of the State Council was basically completed and that of local governments is progressing steadily.Comprehensive rural reforms continued to deepen, and reform of collective forest rights was instituted throughout the country.SOE reform was deepened.The transformation of the Agricultural Bank of China and China Development Bank into joint stock companies proceeded smoothly.The new Law on Corporate Income Tax went into effect, and real estate taxes were unified for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises and Chinese and foreign individuals.After years of deliberation, reform in pricing, taxes and fees for refined petroleum products was smoothly introduced.Aplan for reform of the pharmaceutical and health care system was devised and referred to the general public for comments.These innovations in systems and mechanisms have laid a solid foundation for our long-term development.國務院機構改革基本完成，地方機構改革穩步推進。農村綜合改革繼續深化，集體林權制度改革全面推開。國有企業改革不斷深化。中國農業銀行和國家開發銀行股份制改革順利進行。實施新的企業所得稅法，統一內外資企業和個人房地產稅收制度。醞釀多年的成品油價格和稅費改革順利推出。制定醫藥衛生體制改革方案并公開征求意見。體制機制創新為長遠發展奠定了堅實基礎。

The country opened wider to the outside world.We vigorously implemented the strategy of competing on quality and diversifying export markets.We increased efforts to establish innovation bases to invigorate trade through science and technology and bases for providing services outsourced from other countries.We supported the export of products with Chinese trademarks and intellectual property rights.We improved the policy system for the processing trade.We steadily opened service industries wider to the outside world and provided more guidance to orient foreign investment in China.We integrated existing funds and set up new ones designed to promote external economic and technological cooperation.We promulgated regulations on managing overseas contracted projects and rectified the system of administration of cooperative overseas labor services.We actively promoted energy and resources cooperation overseas, further expanded our assistances to other countries, and the pace of enterprises going global was accelerated.Further progress was made in the development of free trade zones, and in our economic dialogues with major trading partners and mutually beneficial cooperation with other developing countries.對外開放水平繼續提高。大力實施以質取勝和出口市場多元化戰略。加強科技興貿創新基地和服務外包基地建設，支持自主品牌和自主知識產權產品出口。完善加工貿易政策體系。穩步擴大服務業對外開放，加強對外商投資方向的引導。整合建立新的對外經濟技術合作專項資金，發布對外承包工程管理條例，理順對外勞務合作管理體制。積極推進境外能源資源合作，企業“走出去”步伐加快，對外援助進一步擴大。自由貿易區建設、與主要經貿伙伴的經濟對話、同發展中國家的互利合作取得新進展。

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

A massive earthquake that shocked the world struck Wenchuan on May 12.Under the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, people of all ethnic groups in China, especially in the quake zone, worked as one and fought in unison against the earthquake disaster.The people's army rushed to the frontlines without thinking of their own safety.We launched an earthquake rescue and relief operation that accomplished its work faster, mobilized more personnel and committed more resources than ever before in China's history.We steadfastly gave top priority to saving people's lives.We pulled 84,000 survivors out of the rubble.We promptly repaired damaged infrastructure, and resolutely unblocked the Mount Tangjia quake lake to avert potential secondary disasters.We did our utmost to prevent an epidemic from occurring and ensured that there was no major outbreak of diseases after the deadly earthquake.The central government allocated 38.4 billion yuan for quake relief and 74 billion yuan for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.We promptly introduced a host of policies and measures to support the quake zone.We energetically organized one-to-one assistance to designated areas affected by the earthquake.People from all sectors of society in China made generous donations, both in cash and in kind;our compatriots in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese contributed generously to the disaster relief campaign;and the international community provided us with earthquake rescue and relief assistance.All this combined to forma boundless source of strength for the Chinese people to overcome the disaster.This hard struggle against the earthquake produced uncountable touching and brave exploits and fully demonstrated the great indomitable and unyielding spirit of the Chinese people, thus writing a heroic chapter in the history of the nation.去年５月１２日，我國發生震驚世界的汶川特大地震。在黨中央、國務院堅強領導下，全國各族人民特別是災區人民萬眾一心、眾志成城，人民子弟兵舍生忘死、沖鋒在前，展開了我國歷史上救援速度最快、動員范圍最廣、投入力量最大的抗震救災斗爭。我們堅持把搶救人的生命放在第一位，從廢墟中搶救生還者８．４萬人。迅速搶修基礎設施，果斷處置唐家山堰塞湖，避免嚴重次生災害發生；全力開展防疫工作，實現了大災之后無大疫。中央財政安排３８４億元救災款和７４０億元恢復重建資金，迅速出臺一系列支援災區的政策措施。積極開展對口支援。社會各界踴躍捐助款物，廣大香港同胞、澳門同胞、臺灣同胞以及海外華僑華人奉獻愛心，國際社會伸出援手，匯成了齊心協力抗擊災害的磅礴力量。這場艱苦卓絕的抗震救災斗爭，涌現出無數感天動地、可歌可泣的英雄事跡，充分展現了中國人民不屈不撓、自強不息的偉大民族精神，譜寫了氣壯山河的壯麗篇章。

None of the achievements we made last year came easily.They were the result of overall planning and correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, as well as the concerted and strenuous efforts of the whole Party, the entire army and the people of all our ethnic groups.On behalf of the State Council, I hereby express our sincere gratitude to the people of all our ethnic groups and to the democratic parties, mass organizations and people from all sectors of society.I also 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)express our sincere thanks to compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan and to overseas Chinese, as well as to foreign governments, international organizations and friends in other countries that take an interest in and support China's modernization drive.過去一年的成就來之不易。這是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央統攬全局、正確領導的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民同心同德、團結奮斗的結果。在這里，我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯的感謝！

While acknowledging our achievements, we must be clearly aware that we face unprecedented difficulties and challenges.在肯定成績的同時，也要清醒地看到，我們正面臨前所未有的困難和挑戰。

First, the global financial crisis continues to spread and get worse.Demand continues to shrink on international markets;the trend toward global deflation is obvious;and trade protectionism is resurging.The external economic environment has become more serious, and uncertainties have increased significantly.一是國際金融危機還在蔓延、仍未見底。國際市場需求繼續萎縮，全球通貨緊縮趨勢明顯，貿易保護主義抬頭，外部經濟環境更加嚴峻，不確定因素顯著增多。

Second, continuous drop in economic growth rate due to the impact of the global financial crisis has become a major problem affecting the overall situation.This has resulted in excess production capacity in some industries, caused some enterprises to experience operating difficulties and exerted severe pressure on employment.Factors leading to decline in government revenues and increase in government expenditures have increased.It has become more difficult to maintain steady agricultural development and keep rural incomes growing.二是受國際金融危機影響，經濟增速持續下滑，已成為影響全局的主要矛盾。一些行業產能過剩，部分企業經營困難，就業形勢十分嚴峻，財政減收增支因素增多，農業穩定發展、農民持續增收難度加大。

Third, institutional and structural problems that have long hindered healthy economic development still remain, and some of them are still prominent.Consumption demand is insufficient, and development of tertiary industries is sluggish.Our capacity for independent innovation is weak.Consumption of energy and other resources is high.Environmental pollution is serious.Disparities in development between urban and rural areas and between regions are widening.三是長期制約我國經濟健康發展的體制性、結構性矛盾依然存在，有的還很突出。消星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)費需求不足，第三產業發展滯后，自主創新能力不強，能源資源消耗多，環境污染重，城鄉、區域發展差距仍在擴大。

Fourth, some problems affecting the vital interests of the people have not been fundamentally alleviated.There are still many problems demanding urgent solution in the areas of social security, education, health care, income distribution and public security.四是一些涉及人民群眾切身利益的問題沒有根本緩解，社會保障、教育、醫療、收入分配、社會治安等方面存在不少亟待解決的問題。

Fifth, order in the market is not well standardized;market oversight and law enforcement are not fully in place, and the social credit rating system is still in need of improvement.A number of serious and major incidents concerning food and workplace safety have occurred, which have inflicted serious loss of life and property on the people and taught us a sobering lesson.五是市場秩序不規范，市場監管和執法不到位，社會誠信體系不健全。食品安全事件和安全生產重特大事故接連發生，給人民群眾生命財產造成重大損失，教訓十分深刻。

We need to thoroughly appreciate how serious and complex the international and domestic economic situations are, be more mindful of potential perils and crises, fully exploit favorable conditions and actively respond to all challenges so that we can successfully accomplish all our tasks and prove worthy of the great expectations and trust conferred on us by the people.我們一定要深刻認識國際國內經濟形勢的嚴峻性和復雜性，增強危機意識和憂患意識，充分利用有利條件，積極應對各種挑戰，努力做好各項工作，絕不辜負人民的期望和重托。

II.General Plan for the Work in 2009

二、２００９年工作總體部署

This year is crucial for the implementation of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan.It will also be the most difficult year for China's economic development since the beginning of the 21st century.We face arduous tasks in promoting reform, development and stability.今年是實施“十一五”規劃的關鍵之年，也是進入新世紀以來我國經濟發展最為困難的一年，改革發展穩定的任務十分繁重。

An analysis of the overall international and domestic situations shows that China is still in an important period of strategic opportunities.Challenges and opportunities coexist, as do hardships and hopes.Neither the fundamentals of China's economic and social development nor its positive long-term trend has changed.We are fully confident that we will overcome difficulties and challenges, and we have the conditions and ability 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)to do so.Our confidence and strength come from many sources: from the scientific judgment and correct grasp of the situation of the central leadership;from the policies and measures that have been formulated and implemented to respond to challenges and promote long-term development;from the huge demand generated by the development of infrastructure, the upgrading of the industrial structure and consumption patterns, environmental protection, and the development of the ecosystem and social programs in the rapid process of industrialization and urbanization;from the support of such factors as our ample capital and labor resources, our sound financial system in smooth operation, vigorous enterprises and flexible macro control policies;from our material, scientific and technological base and institutional conditions that have been created in the 30 years of reform and opening up;from our unique political and institutional advantages that enable us to mobilize resources to accomplish large undertakings, the stable, harmonious social environment we enjoy, and the enthusiasm and creativity of the whole nation from top to bottom to promote scientific development;and from the powerful spirit of the Chinese nation, which always works hard and persistently to make the country strong.As long as we closely follow the Party's leadership and firmly rely on the people of all our ethnic groups, we will be able to overcome any difficulties, minimize the adverse impact of the global financial crisis and promote sound and rapid economic and social development.綜觀國際國內形勢，我國仍處于重要戰略機遇期。挑戰與機遇并存，困難與希望同在。我國經濟社會發展的基本面和長期向好的趨勢沒有改變。我們完全有信心、有條件、有能力克服困難，戰勝挑戰。我們的信心和力量，來自中央對形勢的科學判斷和準確把握；來自已經制定并實施的應對挑戰、著眼長遠的一系列政策舉措；來自工業化、城鎮化快速推進中的基礎設施建設、產業結構和消費結構升級、環境保護、生態建設和社會事業發展等方面的巨大需求；來自充裕的資金、豐富的勞動力資源等要素支撐；來自運行穩健的金融體系、活力增強的各類企業和富于彈性的宏觀調控政策；來自改革開放３０年建立的物質、科技基礎和體制條件；來自集中力量辦大事的政治和制度優勢、和諧安定的社會環境以及全國上下促進科學發展的積極性、創造性；來自中華民族堅忍不拔、發憤圖強的偉大精神力量。只要我們緊緊依靠黨的領導和全國各族人民，就沒有克服不了的困難，就一定能夠把國際金融危機的不利影響降到最低程度，就一定能夠推動經濟社會又好又快發展。

To carry out the work of the government well this year, we must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide, and thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.We need to make ensuring steady and rapid economic development the main task of our economic work.We need to strengthen and improve macroeconomic control, vigorously expand domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, change the pattern of development and speed up strategic economic restructuring, and deepen reform and improve our work of opening to the outside world.We need to improve the people's lives, increase social harmony and promote all-round progress in socialist economic, political, cultural, social and ecological development.做好今年的政府工作，要高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，把保持經濟平穩較快發展作為經濟工作的首要星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)任務，加強和改善宏觀調控，著力擴大國內需求特別是消費需求，著力轉變發展方式、加快經濟結構戰略性調整，著力深化改革、提高對外開放水平，著力改善民生促進社會和諧，全面推進社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設以及生態文明建設。

We have set the following major targets for this year's national economic and social development: GDP will grow by about 8%;the economic structure will further improve;urban employment will increase by more than nine million persons;the urban registered unemployment rate will be held under 4.6%, urban and rural incomes will grow steadily;the rise in the CPI will be around 4%;and the balance of payments will continue to improve.It needs to be stressed that in projecting the GDP growth target at about 8%, we have taken into consideration both our need and ability to sustain development.In China, a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion, maintaining a certain growth rate for the economy is essential for expanding employment for both urban and rural residents, increasing people's incomes and ensuring social stability.As long as we adopt the right policies and appropriate measures and implement them effectively, we will be able to achieve this target.今年國民經濟和社會發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長８％左右，經濟結構進一步優化；城鎮新增就業９００萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率４．６％以內；城鄉居民收入穩定增長；居民消費價格總水平漲幅４％左右；國際收支狀況繼續改善。這里要著重說明，提出８％左右的國內生產總值增長目標，綜合考慮了發展的需要和可能。在我們這樣一個１３億人口的發展中國家，要擴大城鄉就業，增加居民收入，維護社會穩定，就必須保持一定的經濟增長速度。只要政策對頭，措施得當，落實有力，就有可能實現這一目標。

To ensure success of the government's work this year, we must act on the following principles.做好今年政府工作，必須把握好以下原則：

First, we must boost domestic demand to sustain economic growth.We need to steadfastly take reversing the downward trend in economic growth as the primary goal of macro control, and make boosting domestic demand a long-term strategic principle and a basic point of departure for stimulating economic growth.We will work to increase effective demand, shore up weak links, and give full play to the leading role of domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, in driving economic growth.一是擴內需、保增長。堅持把扭轉經濟增速下滑趨勢作為宏觀調控最重要的目標，把擴大國內需求作為促進經濟增長的長期戰略方針和根本著力點，增加有效需求，加強薄弱環節，充分發揮內需特別是消費需求拉動經濟增長的主導作用。

Second, we must adjust the structure of the economy to raise it to a higher level of development.In changing the pattern of development, we will continue to focus on economic restructuring and independent innovation.We will turn pressure into impetus for growth, unwaveringly protect and develop advanced productive forces, shut down 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)backward production facilities, integrate factors of production and create more room for development.We will balance our efforts to sustain economic growth, adjust the structure and improve economic performance to raise the overall quality of the national economy and strengthen the basis for its further development.二是調結構、上水平。堅持把推進經濟結構調整和自主創新作為轉變發展方式的主攻方向，變壓力為動力，堅定不移地保護和發展先進生產力，淘汰落后產能，整合生產要素，拓展發展空間，實現保增長和調結構、增效益相統一，增強國民經濟整體素質和發展后勁。

Third, we must press ahead with reform to make the economy more vigorous.We will continue to take deepening reform and opening up as the fundamental driving force for promoting scientific development.We need to further emancipate our minds, intensify reform in major areas and key links, eliminate obstacles embedded in systems and mechanisms and stimulate greater creativity for development.三是抓改革、增活力。堅持把深化改革開放作為促進科學發展的根本動力，進一步解放思想，加大重點領域和關鍵環節改革力度，消除體制機制障礙，激發創造活力。

Fourth, we must give top priority to ensuring people's well-being and promote social harmony.The more difficulties we face, the greater attention we should pay to ensuring people's well-being and promoting social harmony and stability.We will continue to ensure that maintaining and improving people's lives is always the starting and end point of our economic work.We will implement an even more proactive employment policy and closely integrate efforts to stimulate growth with efforts to expand employment and improve people's lives in order to ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.四是重民生、促和諧。越是困難的時候，越要關注民生，越要促進社會和諧穩定。堅持把保障和改善民生作為經濟工作的出發點和落腳點，實行更加積極的就業政策，把促進增長與擴大就業、改善民生緊密結合起來，讓人民群眾共享改革發展的成果。

III.Major Tasks for 2009

三、２００９年主要任務

This year, our government work will give high priority to dealing with the global financial crisis and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We will take a coordinated approach, stress key areas, and fully implement a package plan to ensure steady and rapid economic development.We will dramatically increase government investment by launching a four trillion yuan two-year investment plan, for which the central government has pledged 1.18 trillion yuan, and implement a structural tax reduction in order to stimulate domestic demand.We will also implement a massive plan to adjust and reinvigorate industries to raise the overall competitiveness of the economy;vigorously promote independent innovation and provide scientific and technological support to increase the sustaining power of development;and significantly increase social 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)security benefits, expand urban and rural employment and promote development of social programs.To implement this package plan, we will concentrate our efforts on the following seven areas.今年的政府工作，要以應對國際金融危機、促進經濟平穩較快發展為主線，統籌兼顧，突出重點，全面實施促進經濟平穩較快發展的一攬子計劃。大規模增加政府投資，實施總額４萬億元的兩年投資計劃，其中中央政府擬新增１．１８萬億元，實行結構性減稅，擴大國內需求；大范圍實施調整振興產業規劃，提高國民經濟整體競爭力；大力推進自主創新，加強科技支撐，增強發展后勁；大幅度提高社會保障水平，擴大城鄉就業，促進社會事業發展。以實施一攬子計劃為重點，今年要著力抓好以下七方面工作：

1.Improving and strengthening macro control and maintaining steady and rapid economic development

（一）加強和改善宏觀調控，保持經濟平穩較快發展

We need to adhere to a flexible and prudent control policy to make our macro control more responsive to changes and more results-oriented.We will reverse the slowdown in economic growth as soon as possible and maintain steady and rapid economic development.要堅持靈活審慎的調控方針，提高宏觀調控的應變能力和實際效果，盡快扭轉經濟增速下滑趨勢，保持經濟平穩較快發展。

We will implement a proactive fiscal policy.實施積極的財政政策。

First, we will significantly increase government spending.This is the most active, direct and efficient way we can expand domestic demand.There will be a large discrepancy between government revenues and expenditures this year.On the one hand, a slowdown in economic growth and the reduction of tax burdens on enterprises and individuals will inevitably slow the growth of government revenues.On the other hand, we must significantly increase investment and government expenditures to stimulate economic growth, improve people's lives and deepen reform.To cover the shortfall arising from the decline in government revenues and growth in expenditures, we have set this year's central government deficit at 750 billion yuan, 570 billion yuan more than last year.In addition, the State Council will allow local governments to issue 200 billion yuan worth of government bonds through the Ministry of Finance, which will go into provincial budgets.These will add up to a 950 billion yuan deficit, accounting for less than 3% of the GDP.Although the deficit will increase significantly this year, the constant drop in government deficits in previous years provides room to issue more bonds this year, and the ratio of the cumulative balance of outstanding government bonds to GDP, which is around 20%, is within the acceptable range of what our overall national strength can bear 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)and is therefore safe.一是大幅度增加政府支出，這是擴大內需最主動、最直接、最有效的措施。今年財政收支緊張的矛盾十分突出。一方面，經濟增速放緩、減輕企業和居民稅負必然會使財政收入增速下降；另一方面，為刺激經濟增長、改善民生和深化改革，又需要大幅度增加投資和政府支出。為彌補財政減收增支形成的缺口，擬安排中央財政赤字７５００億元，比上年增加５７００億元，同時國務院同意地方發行２０００億元債券，由財政部代理發行，列入省級預算管理。全國財政赤字合計９５００億元，占國內生產總值比重在３％以內，雖然當年赤字增加較多，但由于前幾年連續減少赤字，發債空間較大，累計國債余額占國內生產總值比重２０％左右，這是我國綜合國力可以承受的，總體上也是安全的。

Second, we will carry out structural tax reduction and promote reform of taxes and fees.We will reduce tax burdens on enterprises and individuals by a variety of means such as tax cuts, rebates and exemptions to encourage enterprise investment and consumer spending and invigorate the micro-economy.Preliminary calculations indicate that the burdens on enterprises and individuals will fall by approximately 500 billion yuan this year as the result of comprehensively carrying out VAT reform;implementing existing preferential tax policies on small and medium-sized enterprises, the real estate industry and securities transactions and export rebate policies;and rescinding or suspending 100 administrative charges.二是實行結構性減稅和推進稅費改革。采取減稅、退稅或抵免稅等多種方式減輕企業和居民稅負，促進企業投資和居民消費，增強微觀經濟活力。初步測算，今年全面實施增值稅轉型，落實已出臺的中小企業、房地產和證券交易相關稅收優惠以及出口退稅等方面政策，加上取消和停征１００項行政事業性收費，可減輕企業和居民負擔約５０００億元。

Third, we will optimize the structure of government expenditures.We will continue to increase investment in key areas, strictly control regular expenditures, and do everything we can to reduce administrative costs.三是優化財政支出結構。繼續加大對重點領域投入，嚴格控制一般性開支，努力降低行政成本。

We will follow a moderately easy monetary policy and give monetary policy a more active role to play in promoting economic growth.實施適度寬松的貨幣政策。貨幣政策要在促進經濟增長方面發揮更加積極的作用。

First, we will improve financial control.We will increase the broad money supply by about 17% and grant over five trillion yuan in additional loans to ensure that the supply of money and credit meets the requirements of economic development.一是改善金融調控。保證貨幣信貸總量滿足經濟發展需求，廣義貨幣增長１７％左右，新增貸款５萬億元以上。

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)

Second, we will improve the credit structure.We will strengthen monitoring and guidance of the flow of credit, increase financial support for weak links such as agriculture, rural areas and farmers as well as small and medium-sized enterprises, and effectively resolve the problem some businesses have in getting financing.We will strictly control lending to industries and enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting or have excess production capacity.二是優化信貸結構。加強對信貸投向的監測和指導，加大對“三農”、中小企業等薄弱環節的金融支持，切實解決一些企業融資難問題。嚴格控制對高耗能、高污染和產能過剩行業企業的貸款。

Third, we will improve the mechanism for transmitting monetary policy and guarantee the smooth flow of funds.We will make full use of the advantages and special features of all kinds of financial institutions, innovate and improve financial services, satisfy reasonable requests for financing, and create a synergy for finance to promote economic development.三是進一步理順貨幣政策傳導機制，保證資金渠道暢通。充分發揮各類金融機構的優勢和特點，創新和改進金融服務，滿足合理資金需求，形成金融促進經濟發展的合力。

Fourth, we will strengthen and improve financial oversight and supervision.All kinds of financial enterprises need to strengthen risk management and become better able to withstand risks.We will ensure that there is a proper balance between innovation, opening up, and oversight and supervision in the financial sector.We will strengthen monitoring and supervision of cross-border capital flows and maintain financial stability and security.四是加強和改進金融監管。各類金融企業都要加強風險管理，增強抵御風險能力。處理好金融創新、金融開放與金融監管的關系。加強跨境資本流動監測和管理，維護金融穩定和安全。

We need to make our fiscal and monetary policies more consistent and coordinated with our industrial, trade, land, investment and employment policies to create a control synergy.要加強產業、貿易、土地、投資、就業政策與財政、貨幣政策的一致性和協調性，形成調控合力。

2.Actively boosting domestic demand, especially consumer demand, and strengthening the role of domestic demand in driving economic growth

（二）積極擴大國內需求特別是消費需求，增強內需對經濟增長的拉動作用

First, we will expand consumption, especially individual consumption.We will 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)continue to adjust income distribution, raise the proportion of the national income that goes to wages, increase the proportion of government spending dedicated to improving people's lives and expanding consumption, and increase subsidies to farmers and low-income urban residents.We need to cultivate areas of high consumer demand and expand consumption in new areas.We will improve the policy on automobile consumption, accelerate development of markets for second-hand cars and car rental, and guide and promote rational spending on automobiles.We will vigorously expand consumption that makes people's lives easier, such as community-based businesses, property management and household services;accelerate development of tourism and leisure consumption;increase consumption in culture, recreation, sports and fitness services;and vigorously expand consumption in new areas such as the Internet and animation.We will improve consumption policies and the consumption environment.We will accelerate the project to encourage retailers to open stores in more townships and villages, and encourage commercial chains to open more outlets in rural areas.We will intensify the development of consumption facilities and service networks in both urban and rural areas, rectify order in the market, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.We will promptly work out and introduce policies and measures to encourage consumption, and vigorously develop consumer credit.We will do all the work of implementing the programs for bringing home appliances, agricultural machinery, and automobiles and motorbikes to the countryside well, and we will make effective and flexible use of the 40 billion yuan in central government subsidies provided to get enterprises to increase their sales and enable farmers to enjoy real benefits.一是擴大消費尤其是居民消費。繼續調整收入分配格局，提高勞動報酬占國民收入的比重，增加政府支出用于改善民生、擴大消費的比重，增加對城鎮低收入群眾和農民的補貼。要培育消費熱點，拓展消費空間。完善汽車消費政策，加快發展二手車市場和汽車租賃市場，引導和促進汽車合理消費。大力發展社區商業、物業、家政等便民消費，加快發展旅游休閑消費，擴大文化娛樂、體育健身等服務消費，積極發展網絡動漫等新型消費。完善消費政策，優化消費環境。加快建設“萬村千鄉”市場工程，推進連鎖經營向農村延伸。要加強城鄉消費設施和服務體系建設，規范市場秩序，維護消費者合法權益。抓緊研究出臺鼓勵消費的政策措施，積極發展消費信貸。做好“家電下鄉”、“農機下鄉”、“汽車、摩托車下鄉”等工作，把中央財政的４００億元補貼資金用好用活，使企業增加銷售、農民得到實惠。

Second, we will maintain rapid growth in investment and improve the investment structure.The central government plans to invest 908 billion yuan this year.Government investment will focus on projects to improve people's lives such as those for developing low-income housing, education, heath care and culture;projects to conserve energy, protect the environment, improve the ecosystem, upgrade technologies, and make scientific and technological innovations;projects to make key infrastructure improvements, including farmland improvement and water conservancy projects, railways, and freeways;and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.We must channel government investment to areas where it best counteracts the effects of the global financial crisis and to weak areas in economic and social development, and no government investment will be made in the regular processing industries.We will 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)promptly work out and introduce preferential policies to encourage and guide non-governmental investment.We need to support non-governmental investment in areas favored by state industrial policies and encourage enterprises to increase spending on R&D and technological upgrading through proper release of information and improved guidance.All government money comes from the people, and we must spend every penny responsibly.We will make every effort to ensure that all construction projects meet high quality standards and are built to last and be passed onto our future generations as valuable legacy.二是保持投資較快增長和優化投資結構。今年中央政府投資總額９０８０億元，主要用于保障性住房、教育、衛生、文化等民生工程建設，節能環保和生態建設，技術改造與科技創新，農田水利、鐵路、高速公路等重點基礎設施建設和地震災后恢復重建。政府投資必須用在應對危機最關鍵的地方，用在經濟社會發展的薄弱環節，絕不能用于一般加工工業。要抓緊研究出臺鼓勵引導社會投資的優惠政策。通過發布信息、加強引導，支持社會資本投向符合國家產業政策的領域，鼓勵企業增加研發和技改投資。我們的每一分錢都來自人民，必須對人民負責。所有工程建設都要堅持百年大計、質量第一，給子孫后代留下寶貴財富。

Third, we will promote the steady and healthy development of the real estate market.We will adopt even more vigorous and effective policies and measures to stabilize market confidence and expectations, keep real estate investment stable, and promote steady and orderly development of the real estate industry.We will speed up implementation and improvement of policies and measures to promote development of low-income housing projects.Wewill strive to solve the housing problems of 7.5 million low-income urban families and 2.4 million families living in shantytowns in forests, on reclaimed land and around coalmines within three years.This year, the central government will allocate 49.3 billion yuan for the construction of low-income housing to increase funding for developing low-rent housing and improving housing conditions in shantytowns, and increase housing subsidies for the central and western regions by an appropriate amount.We will expand the pilot program for renovating dilapidated houses in rural areas and build permanent housing for nomads in ethnic minority areas.A pilot program will be launched in selected places where conditions permit to use the idle portion of the housing accumulation fund to support development of affordable housing.We will vigorously develop public rental housing.We will effectively implement credit, tax and other policies to support people in purchasing homes and making home improvements.Individuals who meet relevant criteria and apply for bank loans to support the purchase of a second home for personal use will enjoy similar preferential lending policies that apply to the purchase of first homes.We will implement the policy to reduce or exempt the business tax on housing transfers to varying degrees based on the age of the housing.We will expand consumption and supply of ordinary commercial housing, and increase credit support for building small and medium-sized condominiums at low and medium price levels.We will speed up development of the market for second-hand homes and the home rental market.We will encourage and guide local governments to stabilize and develop their real estate market in light of local conditions, and strengthen supervision of the housing market by type.We will continue to rectify order in the real estate market, and 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)standardize transactions.We will help rural migrant workers in cities solve their housing problems.We will deepen reform of the urban housing system to meet people's multilevel housing demand, and strive to ensure adequate housing for everyone.三是促進房地產市場穩定健康發展。采取更加積極有效的政策措施，穩定市場信心和預期，穩定房地產投資，推動房地產業平穩有序發展。加快落實和完善促進保障性住房建設的政策措施，爭取用三年時間，解決７５０萬戶城市低收入住房困難家庭和２４０萬戶林區、墾區、煤礦等棚戶區居民的住房問題。今年中央財政擬安排保障性安居工程資金４９３億元，加大對廉租房建設和棚戶區改造的投資支持力度，適當提高中西部地區補助標準，擴大農村危房改造試點范圍，實施少數民族地區游牧民定居工程。選擇一些有條件的地區進行試點，把部分住房公積金閑置資金補充用于經濟適用住房建設。積極發展公共租賃住房。落實好支持居民購買自住性和改善性住房的信貸、稅收和其他政策。對符合條件的第二套普通自住房購買者，比照執行首次貸款購買普通自住房的優惠政策；對住房轉讓環節營業稅，按不同年限實行有區別的稅收減免政策。促進普通商品住房消費和供給，加大對中小套型、中低價位普通商品房建設的信貸支持。加快發展二手房市場和住房租賃市場。鼓勵引導各地因地制宜穩定和發展房地產市場，加強住房市場分類管理。繼續整頓房地產市場秩序，規范交易行為。幫助進城農民工解決住房困難問題。深化城鎮住房制度改革，滿足居民多層次住房需求，努力實現住有所居的目標。

Fourth, we will accelerate recovery and reconstruction of areas hit by the Wenchuan earthquake.We will promptly and fully implement the master plan for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The central government will allocate 130 billion yuan for this purpose this year.We will quickly rebuild homes for quake-affected urban and rural residents by combining repair and reinforcement of existing housing with construction of new housing.We will basically complete reconstruction of rural houses collapsed or badly damaged during the earthquake, and ensure quake-stricken residents can move into new houses by the end of this year.We will accelerate rebuilding of schools in the quake zone and ensure that more than 95% of the students whose school buildings were destroyed in the earthquake will have permanent school buildings.We will continue work to repair and rebuild infrastructure such as transportation, communications, energy and water conservancy facilities.We will effectively prevent and control geological disasters, restore the ecosystem, improve the environment, and resume cultivation of damaged arable land.We will speed up industrial rebuilding and development in the quake zone on the basis of the plan to adjust and reinvigorate key industries.We will continue to provide one-to-one assistance and special aid to the quake zone and manage and use funds, goods and materials for post-earthquake reconstruction well.We will intensify and accelerate post-earthquake reconstruction and strive to basically reach the targets in two years that had originally been set for three, so that residents of the quake zone can begin to live a happier life as soon as possible.四是加快推進地震災區恢復重建。抓緊全面實施災后恢復重建總體規劃，中央財政今年再安排１３００億元災后重建資金。加快災區城鄉居民住房恢復重建，實行維修加固與新建相結合。基本完成因災倒塌和嚴重損毀農房重建任務，保證受災群眾在今年底前住進新房。加快地震災區學校恢復建設，確保今年底９５％以上的學生都能在永久性校舍中學習。繼續星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)推進交通、通信、能源、水利等基礎設施恢復重建。搞好地質災害防治、生態修復、環境整治和災毀耕地復耕。結合實施重點產業調整振興規劃，加快災區產業重建與發展。繼續搞好對口支援和專項援助，管好用好災后重建資金和物資。災后重建要加大力度，加快進度，力爭在兩年內基本完成原定三年的目標任務，讓災區人民早日過上更加幸福美好的生活。

3.Consolidating and strengthening the position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy, and promoting steady development of agriculture and continuous increase in rural incomes

（三）鞏固和加強農業基礎地位，促進農業穩定發展和農民持續增收

We will focus on the following five areas.今年重點抓好五件事：

First, we will steadily develop grain production.We will effectively keep the area planted in grain crops stable, focus on increasing the yield per unit area and optimizing the variety mix, and increase the country's grain production capacity by 50 million tons.一是穩定發展糧食生產。切實穩定種植面積，著力提高單產，優化品種結構，推進全國新增千億斤糧食生產能力建設。

Second, we will adjust the agricultural structure based on market demand.We will support the production of important agricultural products in short supply, and improve the quality, profitability and competitiveness of agricultural products.We will speed up implementation of the new plan for developing agricultural products in regions with the most suitable conditions.We will support the growing of oil bearing and other cash crops in areas with the most suitable conditions.We will stabilize hog production, implement the plan for reinvigorating the dairy industry, and promote large-scale, standardized, healthy farming practices in animal husbandry and aquaculture.We will strengthen the prevention and control of major animal and plant epidemics.二是以市場需求為導向調整農業結構。支持重要緊缺農產品生產，提高農產品質量、效益和競爭力。加快實施新一輪優勢農產品區域布局規劃，支持優勢產區發展油料等經濟作物，穩定生豬生產，實施奶業振興規劃，推進畜牧水產規模化標準化健康養殖。加強重大動植物疫病防控。

Third, we will intensify development of agricultural infrastructure and projects designed to improve the lives of rural people.We will develop land on a large scale and comprehensively improve farmland, water supplies, roads, and forests.We will upgrade low-and medium-yield farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards.We will speed up the reinforcement of large and medium-sized reservoirs and dangerous key small reservoirs.We will further improve irrigated areas and build more small water conservancy facilities.By the end of next year, we will have basically paved the roads 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)linking all towns and townships across the country and all incorporated villages with the proper conditions in the eastern and central regions and will have completed the construction of roads connecting all incorporated villages with the proper conditions in the western region.In addition, we will provide safe drinking water to another 60 million people and methane to an additional five million households.We will continue to improve rural infrastructure, including power grids, postal service, and telecommunications, and intensify development of rural social programs.三是加強農業基礎設施和農村民生工程建設。大規模開展土地整治，實行田、水、路、林綜合治理，推進中低產田改造，建設高標準農田。加快大中型和重點小型病險水庫除險加固進度，加強灌區改造和小型農田水利建設。到明年底，基本實現全國鄉鎮和東中部地區具備條件的建制村道路硬化，西部地區具備條件的建制村通公路。再解決６０００萬人安全飲水問題，增加５００萬沼氣用戶，繼續加強農村電網、郵政通信和社會事業等基礎建設。

Fourth, we will increase rural incomes in a variety of ways.We will vigorously develop modern agriculture with distinctive local features, support intensive processing and sale of agricultural products, develop rural secondary and tertiary industries, accelerate the development of small towns, and strengthen county economies.四是多渠道促進農民增收。大力發展特色現代農業，扶持農產品精深加工和銷售，發展農村二三產業，加快小城鎮建設，壯大縣域經濟。

Fifth, we will intensify our efforts to alleviate poverty through development.This year, a new poverty line will be adopted and all low-income rural residents will be covered by the poverty relief policy.The threshold will be increased to 1,196 yuan per person on average, and coverage will be extended to include 40.07 million recipients.This marks the beginning of a new stage in China's efforts to reduce poverty through development.We need to improve state poverty relief strategies and policies, increase funding, and steadfastly make development the basis of poverty reduction.We will give priority to eradicating poverty at the village level, training rural residents for nonagricultural employment, and reducing poverty through industrial development and relocation of residents so that the poor get the basic necessities, escape poverty, and become prosperous.五是加大扶貧開發力度。今年將實行新的扶貧標準，對農村低收入人口全面實施扶貧政策。新標準提高到人均１１９６元，扶貧對象覆蓋４００７萬人，這標志著我國扶貧開發進入一個新階段。要完善國家扶貧戰略和政策，加大扶貧資金投入，堅持開發式扶貧，重點抓好整村推進、勞動力轉移培訓、產業化扶貧和移民扶貧，穩定解決扶貧對象溫飽問題并努力實現脫貧致富。

We will take the following measures to comprehensively strengthen our work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers.全面加強“三農”工作要采取以下措施：

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)

First, we will greatly increase funding for agriculture and rural areas.Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers will total 716.1 billion yuan this year, a year-on-year increase of 120.6 billion yuan.We will significantly increase funding for rural public facilities in the central and western regions, and relieve governments at and below the county level of the burden of providing supporting funds for them.Greater priority will be given to major grain-producing areas in implementing the policies and measures supporting grain production.More general transfer payments and financial rewards will be provided to major grain-producing counties and greater support given to projects for industrializing grain production.一要大幅度增加農業農村投入。今年中央財政擬安排“三農”投入７１６１億元，比上年增加１２０６億元。大幅度增加對中西部地區農村公益性建設項目投入，取消縣及縣以下相關資金配套要求。支持糧食生產的政策措施向主產區傾斜，加大對產糧大縣一般性轉移支付、財政獎勵和糧食產業建設項目的扶持力度。

Second, we will significantly raise minimum grain purchase prices and keep the prices of agricultural products stable at a reasonable level to encourage farmers to grow more.This year the floor price for the purchase of wheat and rice will be increased by 0.22 yuan and 0.26 yuan per kilogram on average respectively.We will apply policies in a timely fashion to temporarily purchase and stockpile major agricultural products to build up reserves of grain, cotton, edible oil and pork, and strengthen regulation of the farm products market.二要較大幅度提高糧食最低收購價，保持農產品價格合理水平，提高種糧農民積極性。今年小麥、稻谷最低收購價平均每斤分別提高０．１１元和０．１３元。適時啟動主要農產品臨時收儲政策，增加糧食、棉花、食用植物油和豬肉儲備，加強農產品市場調控。

Third, we will further increase agricultural subsidies.Central government funding for these subsidies will total 123 billion yuan, an increase of 20 billion yuan over last year.Direct subsidies to grain producers will continue to increase.We will increase subsidies for the use of superior seed varieties, raise subsidy levels, make subsidies available to all rice, wheat, corn and cotton growers, extend them more widely to canola and soybean farmers, and start to subsidize tea-oil tree planting.The central government will spend 13 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of nine billion yuan, on subsidies to all agricultural and pastoral counties(farms)throughout the country for purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We will promptly increase general subsidies for agricultural supplies to coordinate with price rises and changes in the acreage planted in various crops.三要進一步增加農業補貼。中央財政擬安排補貼資金１２３０億元，比上年增加２００億元。繼續增加糧食直補。加大良種補貼力度，提高補貼標準，實現水稻、小麥、玉米、棉花全覆蓋，擴大油菜和大豆良種補貼范圍，實施油茶良種補貼。農機具購置補貼覆蓋到全國所有農牧業縣（場），中央財政擬安排資金１３０億元，比上年增加９０億元。根據農資星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)價格上漲幅度和農作物播種面積，及時增加農資綜合補貼。

Fourth, we will speed up development of a new system under which various sectors of society provide services for agriculture.We will increase spending on agricultural science and technology, intensify efforts to expand application of innovations in agricultural science and technology and become better able to provide agriculture-related technical services.We will improve public service agencies charged with promoting application of agricultural technologies, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and monitoring the quality of agricultural products at the local level.We will support supply and marketing cooperatives, specialized farmer cooperatives and pacesetting enterprises in providing diverse production and operation services.四要加快新型農業社會化服務體系建設。加大農業科技投入，加強農業科技創新成果推廣和服務能力建設。健全基層農業技術推廣、動植物疫病防控、農產品質量監管等公共服務機構，支持供銷合作社、農民專業合作社、龍頭企業等提供多種形式的生產經營服務。

Fifth, we will stabilize and improve the basic rural operation system.We will ensure that existing land contract relationships remain stable and unchanged for a long time to come, and enhance and better protect the land contract and management rights enjoyed by rural residents, including migrant workers who are away from their home villages.The transfer of land use rights must occur on a compensated, voluntary basis and be conducted in accordance with the law.We will adhere to and apply the strictest possible systems for protecting arable land and economizing on the use of land, and do everything in our power to keep the total amount of arable land above the red line of 120 million hectares.Reform of the system of collective forest rights will move forward.Overall rural reform will be deepened.We will accelerate reform of town and township government departments and work actively yet prudently to ease the debts of townships and villages.五要穩定完善農村基本經營制度。現有土地承包關系要保持穩定并長久不變，賦予農民包括離鄉農民工更加充分而有保障的土地承包經營權。土地承包經營權流轉必須堅持依法自愿有償的原則。堅持和落實最嚴格的耕地保護制度和最嚴格的節約用地制度，嚴守１８億畝耕地紅線不動搖。推進集體林權制度改革。深化農村綜合改革。加快鄉鎮機構改革。積極穩妥化解鄉村債務。

4.Accelerating transformation of the pattern of development and energetically promoting strategic economic restructuring

（四）加快轉變發展方式，大力推進經濟結構戰略性調整

This year we will focus on improving industrial restructuring in order to maintain economic growth and promote industrial upgrading.今年要圍繞保增長、促升級，重點抓好產業結構調整。

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)First, we will conscientiously implement plans for adjusting and invigorating key industries such as the automobile, steel, shipbuilding, petrochemical, textile, nonferrous metals, equipment manufacturing, information technology, modern logistics, and light industries.We will carry out industrial restructuring and upgrading to resolve the prominent problems and conflicts that hinder their development.一是認真實施汽車、鋼鐵、造船、石化、輕工、紡織、有色金屬、裝備制造、電子信息、現代物流等重點產業調整和振興規劃。著力解決這些行業發展中存在的突出矛盾和問題，推進結構調整和優化升級。

Second, we will energetically adjust the structure of enterprises and carry out mergers and reorganizations.We will support superior enterprises in acquiring ones that are backward or have financial difficulties.We will encourage well-established enterprises to work with each other, and upstream and downstream enterprises to integrate their operations in order to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.二是大力推進企業組織結構調整和兼并重組，支持優勢企業并購落后企業和困難企業，鼓勵強強聯合和上下游一體化經營，提高產業集中度和資源配置效率。

Third, we will take more effective measures to support development of small and medium-sized enterprises.We will promptly implement financial support policies, improve the financing guarantee system, streamline loan procedures, and increase the scale of loans.Central government funding for supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises will increase from 3.9 billion yuan to 9.6 billion yuan.We will continue to implement preferential tax policies to encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to make scientific and technological innovations, upgrade their technology, and create more jobs.We will improve the system under which various sectors of society provide services for small and medium-sized enterprises.三是采取更加有力的措施扶持中小企業發展。抓緊落實金融支持政策，健全融資擔保體系，簡化貸款程序，增加貸款規模。中央財政中小企業發展資金從３９億元增加到９６億元。繼續實行鼓勵中小企業科技創新、技術改造、增加就業的稅收優惠政策。健全中小企業社會化服務體系。

Fourth, we will actively support enterprises in accelerating technological upgrading and develop innovation-based enterprises.The central government will allocate 20 billion yuan, mainly in interest subsidies, to support technological upgrading in enterprises.We will encourage enterprises to apply new technologies, new production processes, new equipment and new materials so that they can adapt to market changes, develop more readily marketable products, undertake product innovation, and improve their product quality and the level of production and business operations.四是積極支持企業加快技術改造，建設創新型企業。中央財政擬安排２００億元專項星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)資金，主要用貼息方式支持企業技術改造。鼓勵企業應用新技術、新工藝、新設備、新材料，適應市場變化，開發適銷對路產品，推進產品創新，提高產品質量和生產經營水平。

Fifth, we will accelerate development of modern service industries.We will promote development of the banking, insurance, modern logistics, consulting, software and creative industries, and develop new types of services.We will upgrade traditional service industries.五是加快發展現代服務業。促進金融保險、現代物流、信息咨詢、軟件和創意產業發展，拓展新興服務領域。提升傳統服務業。

We will vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation.We will integrate making technological innovation with boosting domestic demand, maintaining economic growth, making structural adjustments and raising the level of development.This year the central government will allocate 146.1 billion yuan to the science and technology sector, up 25.6% from last year.大力推進科技創新。科技創新要與擴內需、促增長，調結構、上水平緊密結合起來。今年中央財政科技投入１４６１億元，增長２５．６％。

First, we need to speed up implementation of the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, particularly, implementation of major science and technology projects.We will select and launch a number of projects that give strong impetus to scientific and technological development, have a widespread impact, and yield quick results, in order to quickly make breakthroughs in core and key generic technologies that can stimulate the transformation of industries and technological upgrading, and support invigoration of industries and long-term economic development.一要加快實施國家中長期科技發展規劃綱要，特別是科技重大專項。選擇一些帶動力強、影響面大、見效快的項目抓緊開展工作，爭取盡快突破一批核心技術和關鍵共性技術，帶動產業轉型和技術升級，支撐產業振興和經濟長遠發展。

Second, we need to deepen reform of the science and technology management system.We will get enterprises to play a key role in technological innovation, and encourage more scientists and engineers to work on the frontlines of economic development spreading technologies, doing product R&D, and starting technology based enterprises.We will get enterprises, universities, and research institutes to work more closely together to accelerate the application of scientific and technological advances in production.二要深化科技體制改革，發揮企業在技術創新中的主體作用。動員更多科技人員投身經濟建設第一線，推廣技術、研發產品、創辦科技型企業。推進產學研結合，加快科技成果向現實生產力轉化。

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)

Third, we will make the equipment manufacturing industry stronger and larger.We will implement the project to increase self-sufficiency in doing R&D on manufacturing major equipment and implement a related system of government procurement.We will vigorously develop manufacturing of complete sets of major equipment, high-tech equipment and equipment needed in high-tech industries, raise the level of integrated innovation and make greater use of domestic components in the equipment manufacturing industry.三要做強做大裝備制造業。落實自主研發重大裝備國內依托工程和政府采購制度，著力發展重大成套設備、高技術裝備和高技術產業所需裝備，提高裝備制造業集成創新和國產化水平。

Fourth, we will support and promote R&D on technologies in new energy sources, biology, medicine, third generation mobile communications, the integration of telecommunications networks, cable TV networks and the Internet, energy conservation and environmental protection, and their industrial application.We will develop clusters of new-and high-tech industries, and create new areas of demand in society.四要支持和推進新能源、生物、醫藥、第三代移動通信、三網融合、節能環保等技術研發和產業化，發展高新技術產業群，創造新的社會需求。

Fifth, we will continue to implement the strategy of reinvigorating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the country through human resources development and the intellectual property rights strategy.We will continue to develop the national innovation system, intensify basic research and research in leading-edge technologies, and accelerate development of major infrastructure facilities and public platforms for science and technology.We will work vigorously to bring in high-caliber personnel and intellectual resources from overseas and intensify the training of all types of personnel.We will become better able to create, utilize, protect and manage intellectual property rights.五要繼續實施科教興國戰略、人才強國戰略和知識產權戰略。繼續推進國家創新體系建設，加強基礎科學和前沿技術研究，加快重大科技基礎設施和公用平臺建設。積極引進海外高層次人才和智力，加強各類人才隊伍建設。提高知識產權創造、運用、保護和管理水平。

We will work tirelessly to save energy, reduce emissions, preserve the ecosystems, and protect the environment.毫不松懈地加強節能減排和生態環保工作。

First, we will emphasize energy conservation in the three key areas of industry, transportation and construction;continue work on the ten major energy conservation projects;and implement energy-conserving measures for power generators, boilers, 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)automobiles, air-conditioners and lighting products.一是突出抓好工業、交通、建筑三大領域節能，繼續推進十大重點節能工程建設，落實電機、鍋爐、汽車、空調、照明等方面的節能措施。

Second, we will energetically develop a circular economy and clean energy.We will steadfastly save energy, water and land.We will vigorously develop clean energy such as nuclear, hydraulic, wind, and solar power.We will promote the adaptation of clean coal technology for industrial application.We will strictly enforce national standards for energy consumption and environmental protection, increase the use of energy-conserving technologies and products, and promote comprehensive utilization of resources.二是大力發展循環經濟和清潔能源。堅持節能節水節地。積極發展核電、水電、風電、太陽能發電等清潔能源。推進潔凈煤技術產業化。嚴格執行能耗和環保國家標準，加大節能技術和產品推廣應用力度，加強資源綜合利用。

Third, we will improve our policies for conserving energy and protecting the environment, and strictly enforce the system of standards, assessment system and monitoring system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.三是健全節能環保各項政策，按照節能減排指標體系、考核體系、監測體系，狠抓落實。

Fourth, we will launch a nationwide campaign on the importance of energy conservation and emissions reduction, in which state organs and government-affiliated enterprises and institutions need to play an exemplary role.四是開展全民節能減排行動，國家機關、公共企事業單位要發揮表率作用。

Fifth, we will continue to intensify pollution prevention and control in key river valleys and regions;control the spread of stony deserts and desertification;carry out ecological conservation projects to build key forest shelterbelts, protect virgin forests, and bring the sources of dust storms affecting Beijing and Tianjin under control;and protect water, forests, grasslands, wetlands and other elements of the ecosystems.We will comprehensively improve the rural environment.We will rectify and standardize order in the exploitation of mineral resources and develop and use marine resources wisely.五是繼續強化重點流域、區域污染防治，加強石漠化、荒漠化治理，實施重點防護林、天然林保護和京津風沙源治理等生態建設工程，保護水、森林、草原、濕地等生態環境。推進農村環境綜合整治。整頓規范礦產資源開發秩序。合理開發利用海洋資源。

Sixth, we will implement the national plan for addressing climate change and become better able to respond to it.We will intensify basic research in meteorology, earthquake science, disaster prevention and mitigation, and surveying and mapping and 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)strengthen these areas.六是實施應對氣候變化國家方案，提高應對氣候變化能力。加強氣象、地震、防災減災、測繪基礎研究和能力建設。

We will comprehensively improve product quality and enhance workplace safety.This year we will launch a campaign to rectify and standardize order in the market and carry out the Quality and Safety Year campaign, which requires all industries and sectors to strengthen quality and safety supervision of all personnel and all processes in all areas.We will further tighten oversight and supervision of workplace safety in key industries and resolutely prevent serious and major accidents.We will make intensive efforts to improve food and drug safety, and improve and strictly enforce standards for product quality and safety.We will implement strict market access rules and product trace ability and recall systems so that the people buy food and drugs with confidence and consume them with satisfaction.全面提高產品質量和安全生產水平。今年要在全國開展整頓和規范市場秩序專項行動以及“質量和安全年”活動，各行各業都要加強全員、全過程、全方位質量和安全管理。進一步強化重點行業安全生產監管，堅決遏制重特大安全事故發生。深入開展食品藥品安全專項整治，健全并嚴格執行產品質量安全標準。實行嚴格的市場準入制度和產品質量追溯制度、召回制度。要讓人民群眾買得放心、吃得安心、用得舒心。

We will continue to implement the overall regional development strategy of promoting the large-scale development of the western region, reinvigorating northeast China and other old industrial bases, energizing development of the central region, and getting the eastern region to take the lead in development, and promote balanced development among regions.We will encourage all regions to work on the basis of local conditions, make full use of their advantages, and find a new path for development in response to the shock of external events.The eastern region needs to vigorously open up international markets, stabilize exports, and develop advanced manufacturing, modern services and new-and high-tech industries.It needs to accelerate industrial upgrading and institutional innovation, foster new areas of economic growth, create new advantages for participating in international cooperation and competition, and raise its capability for sustainable development.Special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin need to continue to take the lead in reform and opening up.We will increase support to the central and western regions and northeast China to improve their weak links in development.To remove bottlenecks in these regions, we will increase spending on infrastructure, ecological conservation and environmental protection, launch a number of key transportation and water conservancy projects, and accelerate development of a number of grain, energy, raw materials and equipment manufacturing bases that have distinctive local features and special advantages.We will accelerate development of key areas on a priority basis.We will promote the transformation of the economies of cities once dependent on now-depleted mineral resources in these regions.We will promptly formulate specific policies to encourage 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)industries to relocate to the central and western regions, and formulate and implement a national plan for development priority zones.We will fully support the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas.繼續實施西部大開發、東北地區等老工業基地振興、中部地區崛起、東部地區率先發展的區域發展總體戰略，促進區域協調發展。鼓勵各地從實際出發，充分發揮自身優勢，在應對外部沖擊中闖出發展新路。東部地區要大力開拓國際市場，穩定出口，著力發展先進制造業、現代服務業和高新技術產業，加快產業升級和體制創新，培育新的經濟增長點，形成參與國際合作競爭新優勢，增強更高水平上的可持續發展能力。經濟特區、上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區要繼續當好改革開放排頭兵。進一步支持中西部和東北地區加強薄弱環節，以消除瓶頸制約為重點，加大基礎設施、生態建設和環境保護投資力度，新開工一批交通、水利重點工程，加快建設一批糧食、能源原材料、裝備制造等優勢產業基地和特色產業基地，加快重點地區優先開發，促進礦產資源枯竭型城市經濟轉型。抓緊研究制定中西部地區承接產業轉移的具體政策。制定和實施全國主體功能區規劃。大力扶持革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區和貧困地區發展。

5.Continuing to deepen reform and opening up, and further improving systems and mechanisms conducive to developing in a scientific manner

（五）繼續深化改革開放，進一步完善有利于科學發展的體制機制

Reform and opening up provide an inexhaustible driving force for economic and social development.We will unswervingly carry out reform and opening up, resolve thorny problems hindering development by deepening reform, and obtain opportunities for development as China opens wider to the outside world.改革開放是經濟社會發展的不竭動力。我們將堅持改革開放不動搖，通過深化改革破解發展難題，在擴大開放中贏得發展機遇。

We will move ahead with price reform for resource products.We will continue to deepen reform of power prices and gradually improve the mechanism for determining rates for putting power on the grid, transmitting and distributing power, and selling power, and balance the prices of coal and power in a timely fashion.We will press ahead with reform of water prices, gradually increase the price of water for non-farming purposes supplied from water projects, and improve the system for collecting and managing water resource fees.We will accelerate the establishment of sound systems for paying for the use of mineral resources and for compensating for ecological damage, and actively carry out trade in pollution rights on a trial basis.推進資源性產品價格改革。繼續深化電價改革，逐步完善上網電價、輸配電價和銷售電價形成機制，適時理順煤電價格關系。積極推進水價改革，逐步提高水利工程供非農業用水價格，完善水資源費征收管理體制。加快建立健全礦產資源有償使用制度和生態補償機制，積極開展排污權交易試點。

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)We will carry forward reform of the fiscal and taxation systems.We will comprehensively institute VAT reforms.We will extend the urban construction and maintenance tax and education surcharges from Chinese to foreign enterprises and citizens.We will reform and improve the system of resource taxes.We will carry out reform of the taxation system for the real estate industry.We will continue to bring order to administrative fees and government-managed funds and further standardize their management.We will deepen reform of the budgetary system to better coordinate the budget for the government's public expenditures, budget for use of state capital, budget for government-managed funds, and budget for social security programs and vigorously promote greater openness in budgetary work.We will improve the transfer payment system.We will promote the reform to place county public finances directly under the management of provincial governments.推進財稅體制改革。全面實施增值稅轉型改革。統一內外資企業和個人城建稅、教育費附加等制度。改革完善資源稅制度。研究推進房地產稅制改革。繼續清理行政事業性收費和政府性基金，加強規范管理。深化預算制度改革，實現政府公共預算、國有資本經營預算、政府性基金預算和社會保障預算的有機銜接，積極推進預算公開。完善財政轉移支付制度。推進省直管縣財政管理方式改革。

We will carry forward reform of the financial system.We will deepen the reform of state-owned financial institutions, and steadily develop small and medium-sized financial enterprises under multiple forms of ownership and new types of rural financial institutions.We will actively encourage healthy development of informal financing.We will continue to carry out reform of capital markets, and stabilize stock markets.We will develop and standardize the bond market, and steadily develop the futures market.We will deepen reform of the insurance sector to make the most of its guarantee and financing functions.We will carry forward market-based reform of interest rates.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime, and keep the RMB exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.We will strengthen the mechanism for coordinating oversight and supervision in the financial sector.推進金融體制改革。深化國有金融機構改革。穩步發展多種所有制中小金融企業和新型農村金融機構。積極引導民間融資健康發展。推進資本市場改革，維護股票市場穩定。發展和規范債券市場。穩步發展期貨市場。深化保險業改革，積極發揮保險保障和融資功能。推進利率市場化改革。完善人民幣匯率形成機制，保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的基本穩定。健全金融監管協調機制。

We will carry forward reform of state-owned enterprises and support the development of the non-public sector of the economy.We will deepen the reform to introduce corporate and shareholding systems in large state-owned enterprises and establish a sound modern corporate structure.We will accelerate reform of the railway, power and salt industries, improve the administrative systems of the civil aviation and telecommunications industries, and formulate and introduce complementary policies for regulating reform of the telecommunications system.We will encourage, support and 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)guide the development of the non-public sector.We will implement all the policies for relaxing controls over market access and energetically support the involvement of private capital in SOE reform and its entry into such areas as infrastructure, public utilities, financial services and social programs.推進國有企業改革和支持非公有制經濟發展。深化國有大型企業公司制、股份制改革，建立健全現代企業制度。加快鐵路、電力、鹽業等行業改革。完善民航、電信管理體制，制定出臺電信體制改革配套監管政策。鼓勵、支持和引導非公有制經濟發展。落實放寬市場準入的各項政策，積極支持民間資本參與國有企業改革，進入基礎設施、公用事業、金融服務和社會事業等領域。

We will accelerate institutional reform in local governments and move forward with the reform of government-affiliated institutions.加快地方政府機構改革。推進事業單位改革。

We will strive to ensure steady growth in foreign trade.While stressing the importance of boosting domestic demand, we must not slacken efforts to promote export.In the face of the serious situation of a sharp decline in external demand and growing trade protectionism, we will straighten out and adjust our foreign trade policies and increase our support for import and export.We will continue to diversify our export markets and compete on quality, enhance traditional export markets, and energetically open up new markets.努力保持對外貿易穩定增長。我們強調擴大內需，絕不能放松出口。面對外部需求急劇萎縮、貿易保護主義抬頭的嚴峻形勢，要清理和調整外貿政策，加大對進出口工作的支持力度。堅持出口市場多元化和以質取勝戰略，鞏固傳統出口市場，大力開拓新興市場。

First, we will fully employ internationally accepted fiscal and taxation policies to support our export.We will increase the Foreign Trade Development Fund to an appropriate extent, focusing on cultivating brand-name export products and supporting small and medium-sized enterprises in expanding their international markets.一是充分運用國際通行的財稅政策支持出口；適度擴大外貿發展基金規模，重點支持中小企業開拓國際市場和培育出口品牌。

Second, we will improve our financial services for importing and exporting.We will expand the coverage of export credit insurance, and encourage financial institutions to develop export credit.We need to make innovations in financing guarantees for export enterprises.二是改善對進出口的金融服務。擴大出口信用保險覆蓋面；鼓勵金融機構發展出口信貸；創新出口企業融資擔保方式。

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)Third, we will steadily carry out upgrading of processing trade.We will improve the climate for developing it, and adjust the list of commodities whose processing is classified as prohibited or subject to restrictions.We will encourage the relocation of export processing industries to the central and western regions.三是穩步推進加工貿易轉型升級。改善加工貿易發展環境，調整加工貿易禁止類和限制類目錄；鼓勵出口加工業向中西部地區轉移。

Fourth, we will promptly improve policies and measures to encourage development of trade in services and energetically develop the outsourcing of international services to China.四是抓緊完善鼓勵服務貿易的政策措施；大力發展國際服務外包。

Fifth, we will strive to expand imports, focusing on introducing advanced technology and equipment and increasing imports of key spare parts and components, and important energy sources, resources and raw materials.五是努力擴大進口。重點引進先進技術裝備，增加關鍵零部件元器件、重要能源資源和原材料進口。

Sixth, we will improve the level of trade facilitation.We will improve supervision and service in customs, quality inspections and foreign exchange and intensify the development of border ports.六是提高貿易便利化水平。優化海關、質檢、外匯等方面監管和服務；加強邊境口岸建設。

Seventh, we will work for a favorable international environment for trade and economic cooperation.We will vigorously promote the Doha round of trade talks, accelerate implementation of the strategy of free trade zones, and properly handle trade frictions.七是營造良好的國際經貿環境。積極推動多哈回合談判；加快實施自由貿易區戰略；妥善應對貿易摩擦。

We will promote balanced development between foreign investment in China and Chinese investment overseas.We will keep the size of foreign investment in China steady and encourage more foreign investment in new-and high-tech industries, advanced manufacturing, energy-conservation and environmental protection industries, and modern service industries.We will further straighten out and standardize administrative fees for foreign-investment projects and the criteria for evaluating them.We will upgrade national development zones in the central and western regions and improve the opening of our border areas to the outside world.We will continue to implement the “go global” 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)strategy, support all kinds of competent Chinese enterprises in investing overseas and undertaking international mergers and acquisitions, and encourage large enterprises to play a leading role in implementing the “go global” strategy.We will vigorously promote the establishment of trade and economic cooperation zones, joint exploitation of resources, undertaking of contracted projects and labor service cooperation in other countries.We will increase financial support for enterprises engaged in overseas investment and economic cooperation, and expand channels for investment in other countries.We will expand the scope of the registration system for Chinese investment overseas, and strengthen risk control and supervision of enterprises' overseas investments.推動利用外資和對外投資協調發展。穩定利用外資規模，引導外資投向高新技術產業、先進制造業、節能環保產業和現代服務業。進一步清理和規范涉及外商投資的行政收費和檢查事項。提升中西部國家級開發區發展水平和沿邊開放水平。繼續實施“走出去”戰略。支持各類有條件的企業對外投資和開展跨國并購，充分發揮大型企業在“走出去”中的主力軍作用。積極推進境外經貿合作區建設。發展境外資源合作開發、工程承包和勞務合作。加強企業對外投資合作的金融支持，拓寬對外投資渠道。擴大境外投資備案登記制范圍。加強企業對外投資的風險控制和監管。

6.Energetically developing social programs and vigorously ensuring and improving the well-being of the people

（六）大力發展社會事業，著力保障和改善民生

This year we will concentrate on accomplishing major tasks that are urgently needed in economic and social development and directly related to the vital interests of the people to improve their well-being.今年要集中力量辦一些經濟社會發展急需、關系人民群眾切身利益的大事實事，讓人民群眾得到更多實惠。

We will do everything in our power to stimulate employment.We will make full use of the role of the service sector, labor-intensive industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, and the non-public sector of the economy in creating jobs.We will implement a more proactive employment policy, and the central government will allocate 42 billion yuan for this purpose.千方百計促進就業。充分發揮服務業、勞動密集型產業、中小企業、非公有制經濟在吸納就業中的作用。實施更加積極的就業政策，中央財政擬投入４２０億元資金。

First, we will give high priority to facilitating the employment of university graduates.Graduates who take jobs in public administration and public services at the community level in urban and rural areas will receive social security benefits and position subsidies.Those who either take jobs in villages or enlist in the army will receive tuition 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)reimbursement and have their student loans forgiven.We will encourage institutions of higher learning, research institutes and enterprises undertaking key research projects to recruit qualified university graduates to do research work.Enterprises recruiting such graduates will receive relevant employment policy support from the government.We will speed up the establishment of startup industrial parks and incubation bases that require less investment and yield quicker results where college graduates can start their own businesses.一是把促進高校畢業生就業放在突出位置。高校畢業生到城鄉基層社會管理和公共服務崗位就業，給予社會保險和崗位補貼；到農村基層服務和參軍入伍，給予學費補償和代償助學貸款。鼓勵承擔重點科研項目的高校、科研院所和企業吸納符合條件的畢業生從事科研工作。企業吸納符合條件的高校畢業生就業，可按規定享受相關就業扶持政策。加快建設一批投資少、見效快的大學生創業園或創業孵化基地。

Second, we will expand employment opportunities for rural migrant workers in cities while stabilizing their existing jobs.We will stimulate their employment through government investment and the launch of major projects.We will encourage and help enterprises that are in a difficult situation to prevent layoffs by renegotiating wage levels with their employees, adopting flexible employment and work hours, or providing job training for them.We will increase the export of organized labor services and guide the orderly flow of rural migrant workers.We will arrange for those that have returned to their home villages to take part in the construction of local public facilities.二是廣開農民工就業門路和穩定現有就業崗位。要發揮政府投資和重大項目建設帶動農民工就業的作用。鼓勵和支持困難企業與員工協商薪酬，采取靈活用工、彈性工時、技能培訓等辦法，盡量不裁員。加強有組織的勞務輸出，引導農民工有序流動。組織返鄉農民工參與農村公共設施建設。

Third, we will help urban residents experiencing difficulty finding work, members of zero-employment households and workers in disaster-stricken areas find jobs.We will create more public-service jobs.三是幫助城鎮就業困難人員、零就業家庭和災區勞動力就業。進一步開辟公益性就業崗位。

Fourth, we will vigorously support individuals in starting their own businesses or finding jobs on their own, thus expanding employment by creating new businesses.We will adopt facilitating and preferential policies concerning market access, taxation, financing and land use to encourage more workers to become entrepreneurs.We will further lower the barrier for individuals, including rural migrant workers who have returned to their home villages, to start their own businesses and lend them more support in this area.四是大力支持自主創業、自謀職業，促進以創業帶動就業。在市場準入、財稅金融、星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)經營用地等方面提供便利和優惠，鼓勵更多勞動者成為創業者。對自主創業、農民工返鄉創業要進一步降低門檻，給予更大支持。

Fifth, we will further improve public services for employment.We will improve the release of employment information and provide more effective career and employment guidance.We will vigorously develop vocational training.We will increase policy support for skills training for rural migrant workers and urban residents experiencing employment difficulty.五是進一步改善對就業的公共服務。加強就業信息發布、職業介紹和就業指導工作。大力開展職業培訓。加大對就業困難人員和農民工職業技能培訓的政策扶持。

We will move faster to improve the social safety net.加快完善社會保障體系。

First, we will press ahead with institutional development.We will improve the basic old-age insurance system, continue to carryout the pilot projects to fully fund personal accounts for old-age insurance, and comprehensively carry out planning at the provincial level.We will formulate and implement a method for old-age pensions for rural migrant workers.The pilot projects for establishing a new type of old-age insurance system for rural residents will cover approximately 10% of the counties and county-level cities in the country.We will introduce a method for transferring old-age pension accounts for workers moving from one region to another, and improve the systems of unemployment, workers' compensation, and maternity insurance.We will improve the urban and rural social assistance systems.一是推進制度建設。完善基本養老保險制度，繼續開展做實個人賬戶試點，全面推進省級統籌。制定實施農民工養老保險辦法。新型農村社會養老保險試點要覆蓋全國１０％左右的縣（市）。出臺養老保險關系轉移接續辦法。完善失業、工傷、生育保險制度。健全城鄉社會救助制度。

Second, we will expand coverage of social security programs, focusing on coverage for employees in the non-public sector, rural migrant workers, farmers whose land was expropriated, people with flexible employment arrangements and freelancers.All rural residents entitled to cost of living allowances will receive them.We will increase funding for the national social safety net through multiple channels.We will strengthen supervision of social security funds to ensure their safety.二是擴大社會保障覆蓋范圍。重點做好非公有制經濟從業人員、農民工、被征地農民、靈活就業人員和自由職業者參保工作。農村低保要做到應保盡保。多渠道增加全國社會保障基金。切實加強社會保障基金監管，保證基金安全。

Third, we will increase social security benefits.We will continue to raise the basic 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)old-age pensions for enterprise retirees by an annual average of about 10% per person for the next two years.We will continue to increase unemployment insurance benefits and workers' compensation.We will extend greater financial support to both urban and rural recipients of cost of living allowances and to childless and infirm rural residents who receive subsidies for food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses, and increase subsidies and living allowances to members of entitled groups.We will vigorously develop social welfare and charity programs.The central government plans to spend 293 billion yuan on the social safety net this year, up 17.6% or 43.9 billion yuan over the estimated figure for last year.Local governments will also increase funding in this area.三是提高社會保障待遇。今明兩年繼續提高企業退休人員基本養老金，人均每年增長１０％左右。繼續提高失業保險金和工傷保險金標準。進一步提高城鄉低保、農村五保等保障水平，提高優撫對象撫恤和生活補助標準。大力發展社會福利事業和慈善事業。中央財政擬投入社會保障資金２９３０億元，比上年預計數增加４３９億元，增長１７．６％。地方財政也要加大投入。

We will continue to give priority to developing education.This year we will formulate the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development to make comprehensive arrangements for education reform and development in China through 2020.This year, we need to focus on the following five areas.堅持優先發展教育事業。今年要研究制定國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要，對２０２０年前我國教育改革發展作出全面部署。年內要重點抓好五個方面。

First, we will promote fairness in education.We will implement free compulsory education policies for both urban and rural areas well.We will increase public expenditures on rural compulsory education to 300 yuan per primary school student and 500 yuan per junior secondary school student.We will progressively ensure that children of rural migrant workers have access to free compulsory education in the places where their families have relocated.We will increase living allowances for rural students receiving compulsory education who come from poor families and stay in school dormitories.We will strive to basically clear the debts incurred in providing nine-year compulsory education in rural areas within three years.We will improve the national financial aid system for students and increase financial aid for secondary vocational school and university students from poor families to ensure that everyone enjoys equal opportunity to receive education and that no child is denied schooling due to financial difficulties.一是促進教育公平。落實好城鄉免費義務教育政策。提高農村義務教育公用經費標準，把小學、初中學生人均公用經費分別提高到３００元和５００元。逐步解決農民工子女在輸入地免費接受義務教育問題。增加農村義務教育階段家庭經濟困難寄宿生的生活補助。爭取三年內基本解決農村“普九”債務問題。完善國家助學制度，加大對中等職業學校和高等院校星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)家庭經濟困難學生的資助，確保人人享有平等的受教育機會，不讓一個孩子因家庭經濟困難而失學。

Second, we will optimize the education structure.We will energetically develop vocational education, with the focus on supporting rural secondary vocational education.We will gradually make secondary vocational education free, beginning this year with rural students from poor families and students studying agriculture-related subjects.We will continue to improve the quality of higher education, develop high-quality universities and key disciplines, and guide institutions of higher learning to adapt their specialties, curriculums and courses to meet the needs of the market and China's economic and social development.二是優化教育結構。大力發展職業教育，特別要重點支持農村中等職業教育。逐步實行中等職業教育免費，今年先從農村家庭經濟困難學生和涉農專業做起。繼續提高高等教育質量，推進高水平大學和重點學科建設，引導高等學校調整專業和課程設置，適應市場和經濟社會發展需求。

Third, we will improve the quality of teachers.We will apply a performance-based salary system for teachers in compulsory education and raise salaries for the 12 million primary and secondary school teachers.The central government will spend 12 billion yuan and local governments will also increase funding for this purpose.We will step up training for all teachers, especially rural teachers, and encourage graduates from teachers colleges and other colleges and universities to teach at community and village schools.三是加強教師隊伍建設。對義務教育階段教師實行績效工資制度，提高１２００萬中小學教師待遇，中央財政為此將投入１２０億元，地方財政也要增加投入。全面加強教師特別是農村教師培訓，鼓勵大學生、師范生到基層、農村任教。

Fourth, we will advance well-rounded education.Education of all types and at all levels must focus on promoting all-round development of students.Reform of curriculums, textbooks, teaching methods and examination and evaluation systems should be accelerated to relieve primary and secondary school students of their excessive study load so that they will have more time to think, practice and create.四是推進素質教育。各級各類教育都要著眼于促進人的全面發展，加快課程、教材、教育方法和考試評價制度改革，把中小學生從過重的課業負擔中解放出來，讓學生有更多的時間思考、實踐、創造。

Fifth, we will implement a program to ensure that all primary and secondary school buildings are safe and promote standardization in the construction of rural primary and secondary schools.We will make school buildings places that are the safest and provide the greatest assurance to parents.五是實施全國中小學校舍安全工程，推進農村中小學標準化建設。要把學校建成最安星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)全、家長最放心的地方。

We will carry forward pharmaceutical and health care reform and development.We will ensure that public medical and health care services serve the public good and fully arouse the initiative of health workers.We will work hard to establish a nationwide basic medical and health care system for both urban and rural areas to begin providing universal coverage.We will focus on the following five areas starting from this year.推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展。要堅持公共醫療衛生的公益性質，充分調動廣大醫務人員的積極性。努力建成覆蓋全國城鄉的基本醫療衛生制度，初步實現人人享有基本醫療衛生服務。從今年開始，重點抓好以下五項工作。

First, we will develop a system that ensures basic medical care.Urban residents will be covered by basic medical insurance for urban workers or basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents, and rural residents will be covered by the new type of rural cooperative medical care system.We will ensure that these programs cover over 90% of those eligible within three years.The central government will provide appropriate subsidies for retirees from closed or bankrupt state-owned enterprises in financially strained regions to get such insurance.We will continue to raise the standard for financing and increase government subsidies for basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system, appropriately expand the scope of reimbursement and raise the proportion of costs reimbursed.We will improve urban and rural medical assistance programs and improve the level of assistance.一是推進基本醫療保障制度建設。將全國城鄉居民分別納入城鎮職工基本醫療保險、城鎮居民基本醫療保險和新型農村合作醫療制度覆蓋范圍，三年內參保率均提高到９０％以上。中央財政對困難地區關閉破產國有企業退休人員參保給予適當補助。繼續提高城鎮居民醫保和新農合籌資標準和財政補助標準，適當擴大報銷范圍，提高報銷比例。完善城鄉醫療救助制度，提高救助水平。

Second, we will establish a national system for basic drugs.This year, we will formulate and promulgate a unified national basic drugs catalog and adopt policies concerning their production, distribution, pricing, use and insurance reimbursement in order to ease the burden on patients for the cost of basic drugs.二是建立國家基本藥物制度。今年要統一制定和發布國家基本藥物目錄，出臺基本藥物生產、流通、定價、使用和醫保報銷政策，減輕群眾看病就醫基本用藥費用負擔。

Third, we will improve the community-level medical and health service system.This year, we will complete the building of 29,000health clinics in towns and townships supported by the plan.In the coming three years, the central government will allocate funds to support the building of another 5,000 central health clinics in towns and townships, 2,000 county-level hospitals and 2,400 community health service centers in urban areas.We will support the construction of health care clinics in villages in remote 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)regions and ensure that all incorporated villages have their own health care clinics.三是健全基層醫療衛生服務體系。今年要全面完成規劃支持的２．９萬所鄉鎮衛生院建設任務。今后三年內中央財政再支持５０００所中心鄉鎮衛生院、２０００所縣級醫院和２４００所城市社區衛生服務中心建設。支持邊遠地區村衛生室建設，實現全國每個行政村都有衛生室。

Fourth, we will steadily promote equal access for all to basic public health services.We will expand the scope of free public health services and ensure that the per capita public health service expenditure for both urban and rural residents is not less than 15 yuan, a level that will rise gradually in the future.We will appropriate more funds to prevent and control major communicable diseases, chronic and occupational diseases, and endemics.四是促進基本公共衛生服務逐步均等化。擴大免費公共衛生服務范圍，城鄉居民人均公共衛生服務經費不低于１５元，以后逐步提高。增加重大傳染病、慢性病和職業病、地方病防治的專項投入。

Fifth, we will carry forward pilot reforms in public hospitals with the emphasis on reforms in their management system and their operation and oversight mechanisms.We will encourage every locality to seek effective ways to separate government administration from medical practice, management from operations, medical care from drugs, and for-profit from nonprofit operations.We will gradually eliminate the practice of hospitals subsidizing their medical services with drug sales and reform the mechanism of subsidizing public hospitals.We will encourage all localities to seek ways to establish a medical service pricing mechanism based on consultations among stakeholders and establish a system whereby relevant institutions, representatives of the general public, and experts oversee and evaluate the quality of medical services.We will give full play to traditional Chinese medicine and folk medicines of ethnic minorities in disease prevention and control.Governments at all levels will allocate an additional 850 billion yuan in the next three years, including 331.8 billion yuan from the central government, to ensure smooth progress in the reform of the system of pharmaceuticals and health care.Because this reform concerns the people's health-related rights and interests, we need to improve leadership, make plans and arrangements carefully, progress vigorously yet prudently, and effectively solve the problem of medical services being unaffordable and inadequate, in order to provide safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and health care services for the people.五是推進公立醫院改革試點。重點改革管理體制、運行機制和監管機制。鼓勵各地探索政事分開、管辦分開、醫藥分開、營利性和非營利性分開的有效形式。逐步取消以藥補醫機制，推進公立醫院補償機制改革。鼓勵各地探索建立醫療服務由利益相關方參與協商的定價機制，建立由有關機構、群眾代表和專家參與的質量監管和評價制度。要充分發揮中醫藥和民族醫藥在防病治病中的重要作用。今后三年各級政府擬投入８５００億元，其中中央財政投入３３１８億元，以保證醫藥衛生體制改革的順利推進。醫藥衛生體制改革事關人民群星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)眾的健康權益，我們要加強領導、精心設計、認真組織，積極穩妥地推進，切實解決看病貴、看病難問題，為人民群眾提供安全、有效、方便、價廉的醫療衛生服務。

We will do our work related to population and family planning well and maintain a low birthrate.From this year on, we will introduce a policy in all rural areas to subsidize hospitalized childbirth, provide regular prenatal checkups and postpartum visits for women, and monitor the growth of infants and toddlers less than three years of age.We will intensify our efforts to prevent birth defects.We will increase the reward to rural women at or above the age of 60 who have complied with family planning regulations from 600 yuan to 720 yuan per person.We will improve services for and intensify management of the floating population and better protect the rights and interests of women and minors.We will provide routine gynecological examinations for rural women.We will support and accelerate programs benefiting people with disabilities.We will continue to intensify our work concerning the elderly.做好人口和計劃生育工作，穩定低生育水平。從今年開始，在全國農村實行住院分娩補助政策，定期為孕產婦做產前檢查和產后訪視，為３歲以下嬰幼兒做生長發育檢查。加強出生缺陷預防工作。將農村部分計劃生育家庭獎勵扶助標準由人均６００元提高到７２０元。加強流動人口服務和管理。保護婦女和未成年人權益。在農村婦女中開展婦科疾病定期檢查。支持殘疾人事業加快發展。繼續加強老齡工作。

We will vigorously develop culture and sports.Developing cultural programs and promoting cultural enrichment will help not only enrich people's cultural lives but also expand avenues of consumption.We need to vigorously develop non-profit cultural programs and accelerate improvement of the system of public cultural services.We will intensify construction of key cultural facilities as well as community-based cultural facilities in both urban and rural areas, particularly the project to extend radio and TV coverage to all villages, and the construction of multipurpose cultural centers in towns and townships and small libraries in rural areas, and we will vigorously promote cultural projects that benefit the people.We will help accelerate the development of cultural industries, improve policy support for them and foster leading cultural enterprises.We will help philosophy and the social sciences flourish, and actively develop literature, the arts, radio, TV, film, the press and publishing.We will strengthen development and management of Internet culture and effectively protect our cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage.We will reform management and operation of nonprofit cultural institutions and transform for-profit cultural agencies into enterprises.We will build more and better community-based public sports facilities, vigorously promote mass sports activities, raise the level of competitive sports and develop the sports industry.大力發展文化體育事業。促進文化發展和繁榮，既有利于豐富人們的精神文化生活，也可以拓展消費領域。積極發展公益性文化事業，加快完善公共文化服務體系，加強重點文化設施、城鄉基層文化設施特別是廣播電視“村村通”和鄉鎮綜合文化站、農家書屋建設，努力推進文化惠民工程。支持文化產業加快發展，完善扶持政策，培育骨干文化企業。繁榮哲學社會科學，積極發展文學藝術、廣播影視、新聞出版事業。加強網絡文化建設和管理。做星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)好文物和非物質文化遺產保護。推進公益性文化事業單位管理體制、運行機制改革和經營性文化單位轉企改制。加強基層公共體育設施建設，大力開展群眾性體育活動，提高競技體育水平，發展體育產業。

We will strengthen the development of democracy and the legal system.We will carry out political restructuring in an active yet prudent manner and develop socialist democratic politics.We need to improve democratic institutions, enrich the forms of democracy, expand its channels, and carry out democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law.We will improve the mechanisms of self-governance by the people at the community level and expand the scope of community-level self-governance, improve the system for community-level democratic administration and ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights and administer community-level public affairs and public programs in accordance with the law.We will increase publicity of and education in the law, intensify education about citizenship, and promote the values of socialist democracy, the rule of law, freedom, equality, equity and justice.We will coordinate development of urban and rural communities and promote the healthy growth of civic organizations.We will strengthen government work concerning the law, increase transparency in government legislation, expand public participation therein, and ensure that the law is enforced in a standardized, fair and civilized manner.加強民主法制建設。積極穩妥地推進政治體制改革，發展社會主義民主政治。要健全民主制度，豐富民主形式，拓寬民主渠道，依法實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監督。要健全基層群眾自治機制，擴大基層群眾自治范圍，完善基層民主管理制度，保障人民群眾依法直接行使民主權利、管理基層公共事務和公共事業。深入開展法制宣傳教育，加強公民意識教育，樹立社會主義民主法治、自由平等、公平正義理念。統籌推進城鄉社區建設，促進社會組織健康發展。加強政府法制工作，提高政府立法透明度和公眾參與度，做到規范、公正、文明執法。

We will strengthen public administration and maintain harmony and stability in society.We need to pay special attention to safeguarding people's legitimate rights and interests, correctly handle problems among the people, properly deal with their complaints in a timely manner, and resolutely correct all actions that harm their interests.We will improve the mechanism for mediating, handling and resolving social tensions and guide the people in expressing their concerns relating to their interests by reasonable and lawful means.We will adhere to the system whereby leading cadres, especially principal ones, handle people's letters and receive people's visits in order to serve the people and resolve conflicts.We will improve the early-warning system for social stability to actively prevent and properly handle all types of mass incidents.We will launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security and maintain law and order through a full range of measures.We will be on high alert for and severely crack down on criminal offenses in accordance with the law in order to safeguard national security and social stability.加強社會管理，維護社會和諧安定。要特別重視維護群眾合法權益，正確處理人民內星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)部矛盾，及時合理解決群眾反映的問題，堅決糾正各種損害群眾利益的行為。健全社會矛盾糾紛調處化解機制，引導群眾以理性合法的方式表達利益訴求。堅持領導干部特別是主要領導干部處理群眾來信和接待群眾來訪制度，服務群眾，化解矛盾。健全社會穩定預警機制，積極預防和妥善處置各類群體性事件。深入開展平安創建活動，加強社會治安綜合治理。嚴密防范、依法嚴厲打擊各類違法犯罪活動，維護國家安全和社會穩定。

7.Intensifying government self-improvement and making the government better able to manage overall economic and social development

（七）推進政府自身建設，提高駕馭經濟社會發展全局的能力

Achievements were made in reforming the government and intensifying its self-improvement over the past year, but they still fall considerably short of what the people expect.The functions of government have not yet been completely transformed.Administrative efficiency needs to rise.Formalism and bureaucratism are still pronounced.Corruption remains a serious problem in some localities, departments and areas.Tremendous effort is needed to solve all these problems.We need to focus on the overall objectives of sustaining economic growth, ensuring people's well-being and maintaining stability, and intensify the work of government self-improvement.過去一年，政府自身改革和建設取得了新的成績，但與人民的期待仍有不小差距。政府職能轉變還不到位，行政效率有待提高，形式主義、官僚主義比較突出，腐敗現象在一些地方、部門和領域比較嚴重。這些問題必須下大氣力解決。要緊緊圍繞保增長、保民生、保穩定這個大局，加強政府自身建設。

We will continue to run the government in accordance with the law.We will standardize government administration, ensure that our administration is based on law and reason, executed through proper procedures, highly efficient, convenient for the public, honest and trustworthy, and that authority and responsibility are united.We will thoroughly implement the Administrative Permit Law, continue to carry out reform of the administrative examination and approval system, reduce the number of items it covers, especially investment examination and approval and project approval, and ensure that enterprises make their own investment decisions.We will promote fair competition, break regional blockades and industry monopolies, and organize and mobilize all social resources to promote economic growth.By ensuring that all government departments fully and properly execute their functions, we will create a favorable environment for development, and increase enterprises' confidence in investment, individuals' confidence in consumption and people's confidence in the development of the country.堅持依法行政。規范行政行為，做到合法行政、合理行政、程序正當、高效便民、誠實守信、權責統一。深入貫徹行政許可法，繼續推進行政審批制度改革，減少行政許可和審批事項，特別要減少投資審批、項目核準，落實企業的投資主體地位。促進公平競爭，消除地區封鎖，打破行業壟斷，組織調動各種社會資源，促進經濟增長。通過全面正確履行政府職能，創造良好發展環境，增強企業投資的信心，增強社會消費的信心，增強人民群眾對國星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)家發展的信心。

We will make decisions scientifically and democratically.In all decisions we make, the procedures need to be lawful and standardized, the process democratic and open, and the results scientific and equitable.In formulating and implementing major government policies and decisions, we need to conduct thorough research and studies, heed people's concerns, solicit their opinions, pool their wisdom, act in accordance with objective laws, and make our policies and decisions more foresighted, scientific and effective.We need to make government affairs more open and transparent.We will ensure the people's right to stay informed about, to participate in, to express views on, and to oversee government affairs, and keep them informed as to what the government is thinking and doing so that we can win their thorough understanding, wide support and active participation.The government is investing a large sum of money and launching numerous new projects this year, and we will ensure they receive proper oversight.We will prohibit image projects that waste both human and financial resources and vanity projects that are divorced from reality, and will never allow any organization or individual to exploit the surge in public spending for private gain.Governments at all levels must conscientiously subject themselves to the oversight by the people's congresses and the democratic oversight by the CPPCC committees at their corresponding levels.We will tighten professional oversight by supervision and auditing departments, and attach great importance to oversight by the public and the news media.We will strive to make sure that oversight takes place wherever administrative power is exercised and that government funds will be audited wherever they are used.實行科學民主決策。各項決策都要做到程序依法規范、過程民主公開、結果科學公正。政府重大決策的形成和執行都要加強調查研究，做到察民情、聽民意、聚民智，尊重客觀規律，提高決策的預見性、科學性和有效性。要推進政務公開，增加透明度，保障人民群眾的知情權、參與權、表達權、監督權，讓人民群眾知道政府在想什么、做什么，贏得人民群眾的充分理解、廣泛支持和積極參與。今年政府投資力度大、新上項目多，要確保監管到位，絕不能搞勞民傷財的“形象工程”和脫離實際的“政績工程”，絕不允許利用擴大公共投資為單位和個人謀取私利。各級政府都要自覺接受人大監督和政協民主監督，強化監察、審計等專門監督，高度重視人民群眾監督和新聞輿論監督，做到行政權力運行到哪里，監督就落實到哪里，財政資金運用到哪里，審計就跟進到哪里。

We will earnestly improve our conduct.Governments at all levels need to resolutely implement the policy decisions and arrangements of the central leadership, stay firmly grounded in reality, and work creatively to ensure all policies are carried out fully and effectively.Leading cadres need to conduct thorough research and studies to promptly discover and resolve problems, maintain close contact with the people, show concern for their sufferings, listen to their opinions, and help them solve their problems.Government employees need to always maintain high morale, embody a vigorous spirit and work with the people to meet challenges head on, break new ground through hard work and tide over bad times together.星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)切實轉變工作作風。各級政府要堅定地貫徹中央的決策部署，緊密結合實際，創造性地開展工作，使中央的各項政策落到實處，收到實效。領導干部要深入調查研究，及時發現問題，解決問題；密切聯系群眾，關心群眾疾苦，傾聽群眾呼聲，為群眾排憂解難。政府工作人員要始終保持昂揚向上、奮發有為的精神狀態，和廣大人民群眾一道知難而進，開拓進取，艱苦奮斗，共克時艱。

We will strengthen our efforts to promote clean government and combat corruption.We will focus on standardizing institutions and limiting the exercise of power, and prevent and punish corruption at its source in areas and links prone to corruption.We will resolutely investigate and prosecute corruption cases and punish corruptionists in accordance with the law.We must discharge our duties with great diligence and, through our actions and achievements, build a government that is for the people and is pragmatic, clean and efficient to satisfy people's needs and win their trust.加強廉政建設和反腐敗工作。以規范制度和制約權力為核心，針對腐敗現象易發多發的領域和環節，從源頭上防治腐敗。堅決查處腐敗案件，依法懲處腐敗分子。我們一定要勤勉盡責，以實際行動和工作業績，建設為民、務實、廉潔、高效的政府，讓人民放心，讓人民滿意。

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

Promoting unity among all ethnic groups and achieving common development and prosperity serves the fundamental interests of the people of all our ethnic groups.We will fully implement the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and ensure that the policies and measures of the central government supporting economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas are effectively implemented.We will continue to increase support to ethnic groups with small populations.We will expand coverage of the “bring prosperity to border areas and residents” campaign to all border counties and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps' regimental pastures and farms in border areas.We will support more rapid development of pastoral areas and ethnic minority mountain regions.We will unswervingly uphold national unity and further develop socialist ethnic relations based on equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony.促進各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發展，是各族人民的根本利益所在。要全面貫徹民族區域自治法，確保中央支持少數民族和民族地區經濟社會發展的政策措施落到實處。繼續加大對人口較少民族的扶持力度。推進興邊富民行動覆蓋所有邊境縣和新疆生產建設兵團邊境團場。支持牧區和少數民族聚居山區加快發展。堅定不移地維護民族團結，進一步構建平等、團結、互助、和諧的社會主義民族關系。

We will fully implement the Party's basic principles on work related to religions and enable religious figures and people with religious belief to play a positive role in promoting economic and social development.星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)

全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，發揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進經濟社會發展中的積極作用。

We will diligently implement the Party's policy on matters related to overseas Chinese nationals and support overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese and their relatives in showing concern for and participating in the modernization and peaceful reunification of the motherland.認真貫徹黨的僑務政策，支持海外僑胞、歸僑僑眷關心和參與祖國現代化建設與和平統一大業。

Last year significant progress was made in the modernization of national defense and the army.The People's Liberation Army played an important role in safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, supporting its modernization drive, and completing urgent, difficult, dangerous and daunting tasks.In the coming year, we need to make our army more revolutionary, modern and standardized, focusing on enabling it to fully carry out its historic missions in the new stage and in the new century.We will strengthen ideological and political work in the army.We will effectively transform our military training based on mechanized warfare to military training for warfare under conditions of greater IT application, and continue to enhance the army's ability to respond to multiple security threats and accomplish a diverse array of military tasks.We will modernize weapons, equipment and logistics support across the board.We will improve defense-related research, the weapons and equipment production system, the military personnel training system, and the army's logistics support system that integrate civilian with military purposes and combine military efforts with civilian support.We will actively and steadily carry out reform of the army to inject more vigor and vitality into army building.We will intensify the improvement of the People's Armed Police Force to make it better able to carry out its duties, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability.We will strengthen defense mobilization and reserve forces.We will strengthen and develop unity between the army and the government and between the army and the people.過去的一年，國防和軍隊現代化建設取得重要進展。人民解放軍為維護國家主權、安全和領土完整，支持國家現代化建設，完成急難險重任務，發揮了重要作用。在新的一年，要著眼全面履行新世紀新階段軍隊歷史使命，推進軍隊革命化、現代化、正規化建設。大力加強軍隊思想政治工作。扎實推進機械化條件下軍事訓練向信息化條件下軍事訓練轉變，不斷提高應對多種安全威脅、完成多樣化軍事任務的能力。全面提高武器裝備和后勤保障的現代化水平。完善軍民結合、寓軍于民的國防科研和武器裝備生產體系、軍隊人才培養體系和軍隊保障體系。積極穩妥地推進軍隊改革，增強軍隊建設的生機與活力。加強人民武裝警察部隊建設，增強執勤、處置突發事件、反恐、維穩能力。加強國防動員和后備力量建設。鞏固發展軍政軍民團結。

Fellow Deputies，星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)各位代表！

We will unswervingly adhere to the principle of “one country, two systems” under which Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and Macao people administer Macao with a high degree of autonomy, and fully support the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions in actively responding to the global financial crisis and maintaining their prosperity and stability.We will increase cooperation between the mainland and the two regions, consolidate Hong Kong's position as an international financial center and promote an appropriate level of diversity in Macao's economy.We will accelerate the pilot program for the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao to use RMB as the settlement currency for trade in goods.We will constantly deepen and expand cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.We will accelerate construction of infrastructure such as the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the Hong Kong-Shenzhen Airport Rail Link and the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link.We will give Hong Kong and Macao greater access to the mainland's service sector.We will adopt effective measures to support development of Hong Kong-and Macao-funded enterprises on the mainland, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises, and help ease their difficulties.The great motherland will always provide strong backing to Hong Kong and Macao.We firmly believe that our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao will surmount their current difficulties and create an even brighter future.我們將堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，全力支持香港、澳門兩個特別行政區積極應對國際金融危機，保持繁榮穩定。進一步加強內地與港澳的合作，鞏固香港國際金融中心地位，促進澳門經濟適度多元發展。加快推進與港澳地區貨物貿易的人民幣結算試點。不斷拓展粵港澳三地合作的深度和廣度。加快推動港珠澳大橋、港深機場鐵路、廣深港高速鐵路等基礎設施建設。擴大內地服務業對港澳的開放。采取有效措施支持港澳在內地企業特別是中小企業發展，緩解經營困難。偉大祖國永遠是香港、澳門的堅強后盾。我們堅信，香港、澳門同胞一定能夠克服面臨的困難，開創更加美好的明天！

Last year important progress was made in our Taiwan-related work.Positive changes occurred in the situation in Taiwan, and major breakthroughs were made in cross-Straits relations.Consultations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits were resumed on the basis of the 1992 Consensus, and complete, direct and two-way mail, transport and trade links were established.The two sides enjoyed more frequent people-to-people exchanges, closer economic ties, more active cultural exchanges and broader common interests.Cross-Straits relations have embarked on the track of peaceful development.In the coming year, we will continue to adhere to the principle of developing cross-Straits relations and promoting peaceful reunification of the motherland.We will remain committed to the goal of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, and work actively to build a framework for and strive to achieve new progress in the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations.We will continue to comprehensively strengthen cross-Straits economic cooperation to jointly respond to the global financial crisis.We will actively promote financial cooperation across the Straits, support the development of 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)Taiwan-funded enterprises on the mainland, provide financing services for qualified ones, and encourage their independent innovation, transformation and upgrading.We will strengthen two-way investment and industrial cooperation and expand and deepen agricultural cooperation between the two sides.We will support economic development on the west coast of the Straits in Fujian Province and in other areas where Taiwan investment is concentrated.We will accelerate normalization of cross-Straits economic relations and facilitate the signing of a comprehensive agreement on economic cooperation, and gradually establish economic cooperation mechanisms tailored to both sides of the Straits.We will increase contacts between individuals, expand exchanges among all sectors of society, vigorously promote Chinese culture and consolidate the common cultural bonds between the two sides.We will work on the basis of the one-China principle to enhance mutual political trust between the two sides.Based on this, we are ready to make fair and reasonable arrangements through consultation on the issue of Taiwan's participation in the activities of international organizations.We are also ready to hold talks on cross-Straits political and military issues and create conditions for ending the state of hostility and concluding a peace agreement between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.We are convinced that, with the concerted efforts of the people on both sides of the Straits, we will achieve complete reunification of the motherland and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.過去的一年，對臺工作取得重要進展，臺灣局勢發生積極變化，兩岸關系取得重大突破。兩岸協商在“九二共識”基礎上得到恢復，全面直接雙向“三通”已經實現。兩岸同胞往來更頻繁、經濟聯系更密切、文化交流更活躍、共同利益更廣泛，兩岸關系開始步入和平發展軌道。新的一年里，我們要繼續堅持發展兩岸關系、促進祖國和平統一的大政方針，牢牢把握兩岸關系和平發展的主題，積極構建兩岸關系和平發展框架，努力開創兩岸關系和平發展新局面。我們要繼續全面加強兩岸經濟合作，共同應對金融危機。積極推進兩岸金融合作，支持在大陸的臺資企業發展，對符合條件的提供融資服務，鼓勵企業自主創新和轉型升級。加強兩岸雙向投資和產業合作，拓展和深化農業合作。支持海峽西岸和其他臺商投資相對集中地區的經濟發展。加快推進兩岸經濟關系正常化，推動簽定綜合性經濟合作協議，逐步建立具有兩岸特色的經濟合作機制。要加強兩岸人員往來，擴大社會各界交流，大力弘揚中華文化，鞏固兩岸精神紐帶。要在一個中國原則的基礎上，努力增強兩岸雙方政治互信。在此基礎上，我們愿意通過協商對臺灣參與國際組織活動問題作出合情合理安排，探討兩岸政治、軍事問題，為結束敵對狀態、達成和平協議創造條件。我們堅信，有兩岸中華兒女團結奮斗，就一定能夠實現祖國的完全統一，實現中華民族的偉大復興！

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

Significant achievements were made in our diplomatic work last year.We joined hands with the international community in tackling the global financial crisis.We successfully hosted the Asia-Europe Meeting and enhanced mutual political trust and pragmatic cooperation between Asian and European countries.We actively advanced bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, and played a constructive role in global and regional hotspot issues.We stood firm in safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and development interests and in protecting the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)nationals and corporations overseas.Further significant progress was made in carrying out all-round diplomacy, and China's international standing and influence rose to a new height.In the coming year, we will continue to hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, adhere to the path of peaceful development and an independent foreign policy of peace, and pursue an open strategy of mutual benefit.We will increase friendly contacts with other countries in the world to create a favorable external environment for the steady and rapid development of China's economy.We will continue to deepen pragmatic cooperation with other parties, work with them to curb the spread of the global financial crisis, promote reform of the international financial system, and oppose trade and investment protectionism, in order to help bring about an early recovery of the world economy.We will continue to take the fundamental interests of the people of China and the world as our starting point and make new contributions to the proper resolution of hotspot issues and global problems.The Chinese government and people stand ready to work with the governments and peoples of other countries to jointly respond to risks and challenges, share development opportunities, and build a harmonious world of durable peace and common prosperity.過去的一年，外交工作取得顯著成就。我們與國際社會攜手應對金融危機。成功舉辦亞歐首腦會議，增進亞歐國家間的政治互信與務實合作。積極推進雙邊、多邊外交，在全球和地區熱點問題上發揮建設性作用。堅定維護國家的主權、安全和發展利益，保障我國公民和法人在海外的合法權益。全方位外交取得新的重大進展，國際地位和影響空前提高。新的一年，我們將繼續高舉和平、發展、合作的旗幟，堅持走和平發展道路，堅持奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策，堅持推進互利共贏的開放戰略。加強與世界各國的友好交往，為國內經濟平穩較快發展創造有利的外部環境。我們將繼續深化與各方的務實合作，共同遏制國際金融危機蔓延，推動國際金融體系改革，反對貿易和投資保護主義，促進世界經濟盡快復蘇。我們將繼續從中國人民和世界各國人民的根本利益出發，為妥善解決熱點問題和全球性問題作出新的貢獻。中國政府和人民愿同各國政府和人民一道，共同應對風險挑戰，共同分享發展機遇，努力建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

The tasks we face are arduous and formidable, and the responsibilities we bear are great and glorious.Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, let us strengthen our conviction for victory, boldly meet challenges, work in a down-to-earth manner and press ahead resolutely to make new achievements worthy of the times, history and the people, carry forward the great cause of reform, opening up and modernization and celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.我們面臨的任務艱巨而繁重，我們肩負的責任重大而光榮。讓我們在以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央領導下，堅定必勝信心，勇敢面對挑戰，扎實工作，銳意進取，創造無愧于時代、無愧于歷史、無愧于人民的新業績，奮力把改革開放和現代化建設偉大事業推向前進，迎接中華人民共和國成立６０周年！

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

第五篇：2018政府工作報告精簡版中英對照

3月5日，李克強總理作政府工作報告，要點如下： 一、五年成就

主要做了9方面工作。辦成了不少大事：

國內生產總值從54萬億元增加到82.7萬億元。城鎮新增就業6600萬人以上。基本醫療保險覆蓋13.5億人。貧困人口減少6800多萬。

重點城市重污染天數減少一半。基本完成裁減軍隊員額30萬任務。

高鐵網絡、電子商務、移動支付、共享經濟等引領世界潮流。

還要保持清醒：部分地區經濟下行壓力較大。在住房、教育、醫療等方面群眾還有不少不滿意的地方。形式主義、官僚主義不同程度存在。

二、今年目標

國內生產總值增長6.5%左右。居民消費價格漲幅3%左右。

城鎮新增就業1100萬人以上，城鎮調查失業率5.5%以內。單位國內生產總值能耗下降3%以上。居民收入增長和經濟增長基本同步。

三、今年重點工作

收入：提高個人所得稅起征點。

教育：切實降低農村學生輟學率，著力解決中小學生課外負擔重問題。

醫療：居民基本醫保人均財政補助標準再增加40元。擴大跨省異地就醫直接結算范圍。

去產能：再壓減鋼鐵產能3000萬噸左右，退出煤炭產能1.5億噸左右。降成本：再為企業和個人減稅8000多億元。創新：加強新一代人工智能研發應用。加強霧霾治理、癌癥等重大疾病防治攻關。財稅：健全地方稅體系，穩妥推進房地產稅立法。推進中央與地方財政事權和支出責任劃分改革。三大攻堅戰：

嚴厲打擊非法集資、金融詐騙等違法活動。防范化解地方政府債務風險。今年再減少農村貧困人口1000萬以上。

二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量要下降3%。嚴禁“洋垃圾”入境。嚴控填海造地。鄉村振興：探索宅基地所有權、資格權、使用權分置改革。新建改建農村公路20萬公里。消費：新能源汽車車輛購置稅優惠政策再延長三年。降低重點國有景區門票價格。投資：完成鐵路投資7320億元、公路水運投資1.8萬億元左右。

開放：放寬或取消銀行、證券、基金管理、期貨、金融資產管理公司等外資股比限制。探索建設自由貿易港。

Highlights of Chinese Premier’s annual gov’t work report

Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered a government work report to the first session of the 13th National People's Congress, China's national legislature, Monday morning at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.1.Achievements over the past five years--China’s GDP has risen from 54 trillion RMB to 82.7 trillion RMB.--China has created over 66 million new jobs in urban areas.--Basic medical insurance covers 1.35 billion people.--More than 68 million people have been lifted out of poverty.--The number of days of heavy air pollution in key cities has fallen 50 percent.--China has basically completed the task of cutting troop numbers by 300,000.--China has been leading the world in high-speed rails, e-commerce, cashless payment and sharing economy.Problems remained to be solved: regional economic downward pressure;public dissatisfaction in education, housing, and medical services;bureaucratism and formalism still exist to varying degrees.2.Major targets for 2018

--GDP growth of around 6.5 percent--CPI increase of around 3 percent--Over 11 million new urban jobs, the surveyed urban unemployment rate within 5.5 percent--Basic parity in personal income growth and economic growth--A drop of at least 3 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP 3.2018’s priorities

Income: to raise the personal income tax threshold.Education: China will significantly reduce the rural dropout rate, and give attention to addressing the problem of heavy extracurricular burdens on primary and secondary school students.Health care: Per capita government subsidies for basic health insurance for rural and non-working urban residents will be increased by 40 yuan.China will expand the coverage of interprovincial on-the-spot settlement of medical bills through basic insurance accounts.Overcapacity cut: to further cut steel production capacity by around 30 million metric tons and coal production capacity by approximately 150 million metric tons in 2018.Tax reduction: To reduce taxes on businesses and individuals by more than 800 billion yuan(about 126 billion U.S.dollars).Innovation: To strengthen research in artificial intelligence, air pollution management and cancer prevention.Finance and taxation: To improve local governments' tax systems and prudently advance legislation on real estate tax.4.'Three critical battles': forestalling and defusing major risks, targeted poverty alleviation and addressing pollution China will crack down on activities that violate the law like illegal fundraising and financial fraud, as well as forestall and defuse local government debt risk.China will further reduce the poor rural population by over 10 million.China will cut sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions by 3 percent, completely prohibit garbage from being bought into China as well as impose strict control over coastal area reclamation.Rural revitalization: China will experiment with separating the ownership rights, qualification rights and use rights for rural land designated for house.China will build or upgrade 200,000 kilometers of rural roads.Consumption: China will extend preferential policies on purchase tax on new-energy vehicles by another three years.China will lower ticket prices at key state tourist sites.Investment: This year China will see 732 billion yuan invested in railway construction and around 1.8 trillion yuan invested in highway and waterway projects.More opening up: China will ease or lift restrictions on the shares of foreign-owned equity in companies in sectors including banking, securities, fund management, futures and financial asset management, and explore opening free trade ports.