第一篇：2015年兩會政府工作報告 中英對照

2014年兩會政府工作報告中的8個“新詞”（雙語）

來源:中國日報網|作者:佚名 【更新時間:2014-3-7 12:23:57

1、nationwide reading 全民閱讀

原文：We will develop culture and arts, the press and publishing, and radio, television and film, and run archives well.We will promote the flourishing of philosophy and social sciences.We will encourage the people to read.新詞語境：發展文化藝術、新聞出版、廣播電影電視、檔案等事業，繁榮發展哲學社會科學，倡導全民閱讀。

2、transparency of public finance 陽光財政

原文：All public spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles and public receptions should be made public.We will ensure transparency of public finance and make it easy for people to understand and oversee it.新詞語境：所有財政撥款的“三公”經費都要公開，打造陽光財政，讓群眾看明白、能監督。

3、to take targeted measures in poverty alleviation 精準扶貧 原文：Local governments need to merge poverty alleviation resources to make better use of them and take targeted measures to ensure that assistance reaches poverty-stricken villages and households.新詞語境：地方要優化整合扶貧資源，實行精準扶貧，確保扶貧到村到戶。

4、power list 權力清單 原文：We will introduce a system to list all items over which government review and approval are required and release the list to the public.新詞語境：確需設置的行政審批事項，要建立權力清單制度，一律向社會公開。

5、Internet banking 互聯網金融

原文：We will promote the healthy development of Internet banking.新詞語境：促進互聯網金融健康發展。

6、blacklisting system 黑名單制度

原文：We will implement a blacklisting system for enterprises that violate market competition principles and infringe on the rights and interests of consumers, and make those who lose credibility pay the price.新詞語境：對違背市場競爭原則和侵害消費者權益的企業建立黑名單制度，讓失信者寸步難行。

7、Chinese solution 中國式辦法

原文：We must resolutely press ahead with medical reform and work out a Chinese solution to this global problem.新詞語境：我們一定要堅定不移推進醫改，用中國式辦法解決好這個世界性難題。

8、safety of every bite of food 舌尖上的安全 原文：We will strictly follow laws and regulations and comply with standards, and apply the strictest possible oversight, punishment and accountability to prevent and control food contamination and ensure that every bite of food we eat is safe.新詞語境：用最嚴格監管、最嚴厲處罰、最嚴肅問責，堅決治理餐桌上的污染，切實保障“舌尖上的安全”。

2015年政府工作報告關鍵詞解讀（雙語）

來源:本站整理|作者:佚名更新時間:2015-3-6 17:54:15 2015年3月5日上午9時，十二屆全國人大三次會議在人民大會堂舉行開幕會，聽取國務院總理李克強作政府工作報告，審查計劃報告和預算報告。我們整理了雙語關鍵詞解讀。穩中有進

China has, overall, achieved a stable performance while at the same time securing progress in its economic and social development.“穩”的主要標志是，經濟運行處于合理區間。“進”的總體特征是，發展的協調性和可持續性增強。

The main indication of this stable performance is that the economy operated within an appropriate range.The underlying feature demonstrating progress is that our development is becoming better coordinated and more sustainable.中等收入陷阱

Middle-income trap 化解各種矛盾和風險，跨越“中等收入陷阱”，實現現代化，根本要靠發展，發展必須有合理的增長速度。

In order to defuse problems and risks, avoid falling into the “middle-income trap,” and achieve modernization, China must rely on development, and development requires an appropriate growth rate.攔路虎

Tigers in the road 我國經濟發展進入新常態，正處在爬坡過坎的關口，體制機制弊端和結構性矛盾是“攔路虎”，不深化改革和調整經濟結構，就難以實現平穩健康發展。

China's economic development has entered a new normal.Our country is in the crucial period during which challenges need to be overcome and problems need to be solved.Systemic, institutional, and structural problems have become “tigers in the road” holding up development.Without deepening reform and making economic structural adjustments, we will have a difficult time sustaining steady and sound development.雙目標、雙引擎

Dual objectives, twin engines 我們要把握好總體要求，著眼于保持中高速增長和邁向中高端水平“雙目標”，堅持穩政策穩預期和促改革調結構“雙結合”，打造大眾創業、萬眾創新和增加公共產品、公共服務“雙引擎”，推動發展調速不減勢、量增質更優，實現中國經濟提質增效升級。

We must focus on achieving the dual objectives of maintaining a medium-high-level growth rate and moving toward a medium-high-level of development.We need to maintain policy continuity and keep expectations stable while moving forward with reform and structural adjustment, and we need to develop twin engines to drive development: popular entrepreneurship and innovation, paired with increased supplies of public good and services.This will ensure that our growth rate is adjusted without weakening momentum and that growth in quantity is underpinned by greater quality, thereby achieving a better-quality, more efficient, upgraded economy.三期疊加: 經濟增長速度換擋期、結構調整陣痛期、前期刺激政策消化期

The slowdown in economic growth, making difficult structural adjustments, and absorbing the effects of previous economic stimulus policies 我國發展面臨“三期疊加”矛盾，資源環境約束加大，勞動力等要素成本上升，高投入、高消耗、偏重數量擴張的發展方式已經難以為繼，必須推動經濟在穩定增長中優化結構。

In the current stage of development, China has to deal simultaneously with the slowdown in economic growth, making difficult structural adjustments, and absorbing the effects of previous economic stimulus policies.As resource-related and environmental constraints grow and costs for labor and other factors of production rise, a model of development that draws on high levels of investment and energy consumption and is heavily driven by quantitative expansion becomes difficult to sustain.We must therefore improve the economic structure while ensuring steady growth.“減法” Cuts 所有行政審批事項都要簡化程序，明確時限，用政府權利的“減法”，換取市場活力的“乘法”。Procedures and processes must be simplified and time frames must be clarified for all items requiring administrative review, and cuts to government power will be made to boost market vitality.中國制造2025 Made in China 2025 推動產業結構邁向中高端。制造業是我們的優勢產業。要實施“中國制造2025”，堅持創新驅動、智能轉型、強化基礎、綠色發展，加快從制造大國轉向制造強國。

Manufacturing is a traditionally a strong area for Chinese industry.We will implement the “Made in China 2025” strategy;seek innovation-driven development;apply smart technologies;strengthen foundations;pursue green development;and redouble our efforts to upgrade China from a manufacturer of quantity to one of quality.“互聯網+”行動計劃

“Internet Plus” action plan 制定“互聯網+”行動，推動移動互聯網、云計算、大數據。物聯網等于現代制造業結合，促進電子商務、工業互聯網和互聯網金融健康發展，引導互聯網企業拓展國際市場。

We will development the “Internet Plus” action plan to integrate the mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data, and the Internet of Things with modern manufacturing, to encourage the healthy development of e-commerce, industrial networks, and Internet baking, and to guide Internet-based companies to increase their presence in the international market.Key figures for China's economy in 2015 2015中國經濟關鍵數字

7%: Increase GDP by approximately 7 percent 國內生產總值增長7%左右

3%: Keep increase in CPI at around 3 percent 居民消費價格漲幅3%左右 million: Create over 10 million jobs in urban areas 城鎮新增就業1000萬人以上

4.5%: Ensure registered urban unemployment rate not to exceed 4.5 percent 城鎮登記失業率4.5%以內

6%: Increase imports and exports by around 6 percent 進出口增長6%左右

3.1%: Cut energy intensity by 3.1 percent 能耗強度下降3.1%以上

1.62 trillion yuan: Annual government budget deficit is projected to be 1.62 trillion yuan 今年擬安排財政赤字1.62萬億元

2.3%: Deficit to GDP ratio will rise from last year's 2.1 percent to 2.3 percent 赤字率從去年的2.1%提高到2.3%

12%: M2 money supply is forecasted to grow by around 12 percent, but actual supply may be slightly higher 廣義貨幣M2預期增長12%左右，在實際執行中，根據經濟發展需要，也可以略高些

477.6 billion yuan: The central government will increase its budgetary investment to 477.6 billion yuan 今年中央預算內投資增加到4776億元

800 billion yuan: Over 800 billion yuan will be invested in railway construction and open over 8,000 km of railways to traffic 鐵路投資要保持在8000億元以上，新投產里程8000公里以上

800 billion yuan: Over 800 billion yuan will be invested in the major water conservancy projects 在建重大水利工程投資規模超過8000億元

7.4 million: Build an additional 7.4 million units of government-subsidized housing 今年保障性安居工程新安排740萬套 million: Reduce the poor rural population by more than 10 million 減少農村貧困人口1000萬人以上

3.1%: Cut the intensity of carbon dioxide by at least 3.1 percent 二氧化碳排放強度要降低3.1%以上

3.66 million: Renovate 3.66 million dilapidated rural houses 農村危房改造366萬戶

2015托福詞匯：兩會政府工作報告 解析10個英文新詞 來源：新東方網|作者：2015-03-17 16:46 新東方網托福頻道為各位考生帶來2015托福詞匯：兩會政府工作報告 解析10個英文新詞...互聯網+ Internet Plus 制定“互聯網+”行動計劃，推動移動互聯網、云計算、大數據、物聯網等與現代制造業結合。Develop the “Internet Plus” action plan to integrate the mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data and the Internet of Things with modern manufacturing.餐桌污染

Food Contamination 著力治理餐桌污染，食品藥品安全形勢總體穩定。

Serious efforts were made to prevent food contamination, and on the whole the situation was kept stable in food and medicine safety.中國制造2025 “Made in China 2025” strategy 要實施“中國制造2025”，堅持創新驅動、智能轉型、強化基礎、綠色發展，加快從制造大國轉向制造強國。

We will implement the “Made in China 2025” strategy, seek innovation-driven development;apply smart technologies;strengthen foundations;pursue green development;and redouble our efforts to upgrade China from a manufacturer of quantity to one of quality.創客 Creators 互聯網金融異軍突起，電子商務、物流快遞等新業態快速成長，眾多“創客”脫穎而出，文化創意產業蓬勃發展。

Internet-based finance rose swiftly to prominence.E-commerce, logistics, express delivery services and other emerging businesses developed rapidly.We have seen creators coming thick and fast, and the cultural and creative industries have been developing with great vitality.大道至簡，有權不可任性。

It goes without saying that powers should not be held without good reason.為官不為

[enGgovernment officials are neglectful of their duties[/en] 有的為官不為，在其位不謀其政，該辦的事不辦。

Some government officials are neglectful of their duties, holding onto their jobs while failing to fulfill their responsibilities.新型職業農民 New type of skilled farmer 要在穩定家庭經營的基礎上，支持種養大戶、家庭農牧場、農民合作社、產業化龍頭企業等新型經營主體發展，培養新型職業農民，推進多種形式適度規模經營。

On the premise of keeping household operations stable, we will support the development of large family farming businesses, family farms and pastures, farmers’ cooperatives, leading agriculture enterprises, and other emerging agribusinesses;cultivate a new type of skilled farmer;and develop diversified and scaled agriculture operations.重點區域煤炭消費零增長

Zero-growth in the consumption of coal in key areas of the country 深入實施大氣污染防治行動計劃，實行區域聯防聯控，推動燃煤電廠超低排放改造，促進重點區域煤炭消費零增長。

We will fully implement the action plan for preventing and controlling air pollution;carry out coordinated inter-regional prevention and control efforts;upgrade coal burning power plants to achieve ultra low emissions;and strive for zero-growth in the consumption of coal in key areas of the country.大通關

To simplify customs clearance procedures 構建全方位對外開放新格局。推進絲綢之路經濟帶和21世紀海上絲綢之路合作建設。加快互聯互通、大通關和國際物流大通道建設。

We will foster a new environment in all-round opening up.We will work with relevant countries in developing the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.We will move faster to strengthen infrastructure connectivity with China’s neighbors, simplify customs clearance procedures, and build international logistics gateways.三期疊加

To deal simultaneously with the slowdown in economic growth, making difficult structural adjustments, and absorbing the effects of the previous economic stimulus policies 我國發展面臨“三期疊加”矛盾，資源環境約束加大，勞動力等要素成本上升，高投入、高消耗、偏重數量擴張的發展方式已經難以為繼，必須推動經濟在穩定增長中優化結構。

In its current stage of development, China has to deal simultaneously with the slowdown in economic growth, making difficult structural adjustments, and absorbing the effects of the previous economic stimulus policies.As resource-related and environmental constraints grow and costs for labor and other factors of production rise, a model of development that draws on high levels of investment and energy consumption and is heavily driven by quantitative expansion becomes difficult to sustain.We must therefore improve the economic structure while ensuring steady growth.2015年政府工作報告全文（中英文雙語）

來源:本站整理|作者:李克強 【 大更新時間:2015-3-6 17:58:12 注意事項

此報告以本次大會最后審議通過并由新華社公布的文本為準。

The official version of this report will be released by Xinhua News Agency.政府工作報告

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT ——2015 年 3 月 5 日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會第三次會議上

Delivered at the Third Session of the 12th National People's Congress on March 5, 2015 國務院總理李克強 Li Keqiang Premier of the State Council 查看大圖 各位代表： Fellow Deputies, 現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval, and I invite comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、2014 年工作回顧

I.A Review of the Work in 2014 過去一年，我國發展面臨的國際國內環境復雜嚴峻。全球經濟復蘇艱難曲折，主要經濟體走勢分化。國內經濟下行壓力持續加大，多重困難和挑戰相互交織。在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，全國各族人民萬眾一心，克難攻堅，完成了全年經濟社會發展主要目標任務，全面深化改革實現良好開局，全面推進依法治國開啟新征程，全面建成小康社會又邁出堅實步伐。

Over the past year, the international and domestic environments faced by China in its development have been complicated and challenging.The road to global economic recovery has been rough, with many ups and downs, and the performance of the major economies has been divergent Downward pressure on China's economy has continued to mount, and we have faced an array of interwoven difficulties and challenges.However, under the firm leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, all our people have worked together as one, surmounted difficulties, and accomplished the year's main targets for economic and social development, thereby ensuring that we got off to a good start in comprehensively deepening reform, embarked on a new journey to fully advance the law-based governance of China, and again made solid progress in our endeavor to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.一年來，我國經濟社會發展總體平穩，穩中有進。“穩”的主要標志是，經濟運行處于合理區間。

During the past year, China has, overall, achieved a stable performance while at the same time securing progress in its economic and social development.The main indication of this stable performance is that the economy operated within an appropriate range.增速穩，國內生產總值達到 63.6 萬億元，比上年增長 7.4%，在世界主要經濟體中名列前茅。就業穩，城鎮新增就業1322 萬人，高于上年。價格穩，居民消費價格上漲 2%。“進”的總體特征是，發展的協調性和可持續性增強。經濟結構有新的優化，糧食產量達到1.21 萬億斤，消費對經濟增長的貢獻率上升3 個百分點，達到51.2%，服務業增加值比重由 46.9%提高到 48.2%，新產業、新業態、新商業模式不斷涌現。中西部地區經濟增速快于東部地區。發展質量有新的提升，一般公共預算收入增長 8.6%，研究與試驗發展經費支出與國內生產總值之比超過 2%，能耗強度下降 4.8%，是近年來最大降幅。人民生活有新的改善，全國居民人均可支配收入實際增長 8%，快于經濟增長；農村居民人均可支配收入實際增長 9.2%，快于城鎮居民收入增長；農村貧困人口減少 1232萬人；6600 多萬農村人口飲水安全問題得到解決;出境旅游超過 1 億人次。改革開放有新的突破，全面深化改革系列重點任務啟動實施，本屆政府減少 1/3 行政審批事項的目標提前實現。

■ The growth rate was steady China's GDP reached 63.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.4% over the previous year, making China one of the fastest-growing major economies in the world.■ Employment remained robust, with 13.22 million new urban jobs created, which is higher than the figure for the previous year.■ Prices were stable, with the CPI rising by 2%.■ The underlying feature demonstrating progress is that our development is becoming better coordinated and more sustainable.■ The economic structure was upgraded.Grain output reached 605 million metric tons;the contribution of consumption toward economic growth rose by three percentage points to 51.2%;the value added of the service sector increased from 46.9% to 48.2% of the GDP;and there was a constant stream of new industries, new types of business, and new business models.The central and western regions grew faster in economic terms than the eastern region.■ The quality of development was raised.Revenue in the general public budgets grew by 8.6%.Research and development spending accounted for more than 2% of the GDP.Energy intensity was cut by 4.8%, the biggest reduction made in recent years.■ People's lives were improved.Per capita disposable personal income increased by 8% in real terms nationwide, growing faster than the economy, and the per capita disposable income of rural residents grew by 9.2%), outpacing that of those living in urban areas.In rural areas, the number of people living in poverty was reduced by 12.32 million, and over 66 million more people gained access to safe drinking water.The number of outbound trips made by Chinese tourists exceeded 100 million.■ New breakthroughs were made in reform and opening up.A series of key tasks for comprehensively deepening reform were launched, and the goal of the current administration to cut the number of items that require government review by one third was achieved ahead of schedule.這份成績單的確來之不易，它凝聚著全國各族人民的心血和汗水，堅定了我們奮勇前行的決心和信心。

These achievements have not come easily.They have been made possible by the painstaking efforts and hard work of all our people, and they have strengthened our resolve and confidence to keep pushing ahead.過去一年，困難和挑戰比預想的大。我們迎難而上，主要做了以下工作。

Over the past year, we have faced more difficulties and challenges than anticipated.We have risen to the challenge and accomplished the following in our work.一是在區間調控基礎上實施定向調控，保持經濟穩定增長。面對經濟下行壓力加大態勢，我們保持戰略定力，穩定宏觀經濟政策，沒有采取短期強刺激措施，而是繼續創新宏觀調控思路和方式，實行定向調控，激活力、補短板、強實體。把握經濟運行合理區間的上下限，抓住發展中的突出矛盾和結構性問題，定向施策，聚焦靶心，精準發力。向促改革要動力，向調結構要助力，向惠民生要潛力，既擴大市場需求，又增加有效供給，努力做到結構調優而不失速。

First, on the basis of range-based macro regulation, m exercised targeted regulation to keep the economy growing steadily.In the face of mounting downward economic pressure, we maintained strategic focus and kept our macroeconomic policy unchanged.Instead of using short-term stimulus measures, we continued to develop new ideas and methods for macro regulation.We exercised targeted regulation, stimulated market activity, shored up our weak spots, and boosted the real economy.With a keen understanding of the appropriate range within which the economy needs to be operating, we adopted targeted steps to address the serious issues and structural problems hindering development.We promoted reform to gain impetus for development, made structural adjustments to produce support for development, and improved living standards to increase the potential for development.We both expanded market demand and increased effective supply, working to ensure that structural adjustments were made without compromising the growth rate.有效實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策。實行定向減稅和普遍性降費，拓寬小微企業稅收優惠政策范圍，擴大“營改增”試點。加快財政支出進度，積極盤活存量資金。靈活運用貨幣政策工具，采取定向降準、定向再貸款、非對稱降息等措施，加大對經濟社會發展薄弱環節的支持力度，小微企業、“三農”貸款增速比各項貸款平均增速分別高 4.2 和 O.7 個百分點。同時，完善金融監管，堅決守住不發生區域性系統性風險的底線。

We have been effectively implementing proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy.We increased targeted tax reductions, reduced fees across the board, extended the coverage of tax relief policies to benefit more small and micro businesses, and expanded the trials to replace business tax with VAT to cover more industries.We sped up the process of making budgetary funds available for fiscal expenditures and put surplus budgetary funds to good use.By flexibly utilizing monetary policy instruments, making targeted cuts to required reserve ratios, carrying out targeted re-lending, and making asymmetric interest rate cuts, we stepped up support for weaker areas in economic and social development.Increases in loans made to small and micro businesses, and loans for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, outdid the average increase in loans overall by 4.2 and 0.7 percentage points respectively.At the same time, regulation of the financial sector was improved and regional and systemic risks were forestalled.二是深化改革開放，激發經濟社會發展活力。針對束縛發展的體制機制障礙，我們通過全面深化改革，以釋放市場活力對沖經濟下行壓力，啃了不少硬骨頭，經濟、政治、文化、社會、生態文明等體制改革全面推進。

Second we deepened reform and opening up and invigorated economic and social development.To address obstructions holding back development caused by certain systems and mechanisms, we comprehensively deepened reform, invigorating the market to offset downward economic pressure.We tackled many tough issues and carried out structural reforms in the economic, political, cultural, societal, and ecological sectors.扎實推動重點改革。制定并實施深化財稅體制改革總體方案，預算管理制度和稅制改革取得重要進展，專項轉移支付項目比上年減少 1/3 以上，一般性轉移支付比重增加，地方政府性債務管理得到加強。存款利率和匯率浮動區間擴大，民營銀行試點邁出新步伐，“滬港通”試點啟動，外匯儲備、保險資金運用范圍拓展。能源、交通、環保、通信等領域價格改革加快。啟動科技資金管理、考試招生、戶籍、機關事業單位養老保險制度等改革。

We have made solid progress in key reforms.We formulated and implemented a coordinated plan for deepening the reform of the fiscal and tax: systems.Important progress was made in the reform of the budgetary management and tax systems.The number of items receiving special transfer payments was over one third less than that of the previous year, and the proportion of transfer payments for general purposes was increased.Management of local government debt was strengthened.The floating ranges of interest rates on deposits and exchange rates were expanded.New steps were taken in the trials to establish private banks.The Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect was launched on a trial basis.The scope for using foreign exchange reserves and insurance funds was broadened.Price reforms in energy, transport, environmental protection, and communications were accelerated.We launched reforms to the system for managing research and development funding, the school examination and enrollment systems, the household registration system, and the pension system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions.繼續把簡政放權、放管結合作為改革的重頭戲。國務院各部門全年取消和下放 246 項行政審批事項，取消評比達標表彰項目29 項、職業資格許可和認定事項 149 項，再次修訂投資項目核準目錄，大幅縮減核準范圍。著力改革商事制度，新登記注冊市場主體達到 1293 萬戶，其中新登記注冊企業增長 45.9 % 形成新的創業熱潮。經濟增速放緩，新增就業不降反增，顯示了改革的巨大威力和市場的無限潛力。

We have continued to give the central stage in reform to streamlining administration arid delegating more powers to lower-level governments and to society in general while improving regulation.Over the course of the year, departments under the State Council cancelled the requirement of or delegated the power for review on 246 items.We cancelled 29 performance evaluations, inspections on the meeting of standards, and commendations, and 149 verifications and approvals of vocational qualifications.We again revised and significantly shortened the list of investment projects requiring government review.We channeled great effort into the reform of the business system.The number of newly registered market entities reached 12.93 million, with that of enterprises increasing by 45.9%, creating a fresh surge of entrepreneurial activity.While economic growth slowed down, more jobs were created, which fully demonstrates both the tremendous power of reform and the endless potential of the market.以開放促改革促發展。擴展上海自由貿易試驗區范圍，新設廣東、天津、福建自由貿易試驗區。穩定出口，增加進口，出口占國際市場份額繼續提升。實際使用外商直接投資 1196 億美元，居世界首位。對外直接投資 1029 億美元，與利用外資并駕齊驅。中國與冰島、瑞士自貿區啟動實施，中韓、中澳自貿區完成實質性談判。鐵路、電力、油氣、通信等領域對外合作取得重要成果，中國裝備正大步走向世界。

We drew on further opening up to boost reform and development.We expanded the China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone and established similar zones in Guangdong, Tianjin, and Fujian.We worked to keep exports stable and increase imports, and China's international market share in exports continued to increase.Foreign direct investment actually made in China reached $119.6 billion, making the country the world's top destination for foreign direct investment.China's outward foreign direct investment reached $102.9 billion, meaning that outward investment has come to draw even with inward investment.China's free trade zone arrangements with Iceland and Switzerland were officially launched, and China completed substantive talks on free trade zones with the Republic of Korea and Australia.Major progress was made in cooperation with other countries in fields such as railways, electric power, oil, natural gas, and communications.Chinese equipment is making significant strides into the international market.三是加大結構調整力度，增強發展后勁。在結構性矛盾突出的情況下，我們積極作為，有扶有控，多辦當前急需又利長遠的事，務實經濟社會發展根基。Third, we stepped up structural adjustments to make China’s development more sustainable.We took proactive steps to address prominent structural problems and supported the development of certain areas while containing the development of others, focusing on urgently needed initiatives that promise long-term benefits.Our goal herein has been to lay a firm foundation for economic and social development 不斷鞏固農業基礎。加大強農惠農富農政策力度，實現糧食產量“十一連增”、農民收入“五連快”。農業綜合生產能力穩步提高，農業科技和機械化水平持續提升，重大水利工程建設進度加快，新增節水灌溉面積3345萬畝，新建改建農村公路23萬公里。新一輪退耕還林還草啟動實施。農村土地確權登記頒證有序進行，農業新型經營主體加快成長。

Work was done to strengthen the foundations of agriculture.We increased policy support to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and raise rural living standards.Grain output increased for the 11th consecutive year, and the income of rural residents grew faster than that of urban residents for the fifth year running.Overall agricultural production capacity was steadily improved.Agricultural science and technology continued to be strengthened, and agriculture was further mechanized.The pace of progress in the construction of major water conservancy projects was stepped up.Farmland under water-saving irrigation was increased by 2.23 million hectares.An additional 230,000 kilometers of roads were built of upgraded in rural areas.We launched a new round of efforts to return more marginal farmland to forest or grassland.The work to determine, register, and certify contracted rural land-use rights proceeded as planned, and new types of agricultural businesses registered faster growth.大力調整產業結構。著力培育新的增長點，促進服務業加快發展，支持發展移動互聯網、集成電路、高端裝備制造、新能源汽車等戰略性新興產業，互聯網金融異軍突起，電子商務、物流快遞等新業態快速成長，眾多“創客”脫穎而出，文化創意產業蓬勃發展。同時，繼續化解過剩產能，鋼鐵、水泥等 15 個重點行業淘汰落后產能年度任務如期完成。加強霧噩治理，淘汰黃標車和老舊車指標超額完成。

We channeled great energy into making adjustments in the structure of industry.We focused on fostering new areas of growth by encouraging the service sector to develop more quickly, and supporting the development of strategic emerging industries, including the mobile Internet industry, the integrated circuits industry, high-end equipment manufacturing, and the new-energy vehicles industry.Internet-based finance rose swiftly to prominence.B-commerce, logistics, express delivery services and other emerging businesses developed rapidly.We have seen creators coming thick and fast, and the cultural and creative industries have been developing with great vitality.At the same time, we continued to cut overcapacity.Fifteen key industries including steel and cement achieved their task for the year of shutting down outdated production facilities as scheduled.We stepped up efforts to prevent and control smog and surpassed this year's targets for removing high-emission and old vehicles from the roads.推進基礎設施建設和區域協調發展。京津冀協同發展、長江經濟帶建設取得重要進展。新建鐵路投產里程 8427 公里，高速鐵路運營里程達1.6 萬公里，占世界的 60% 以上。高速公路通車里程達 11.2 萬公里，水路、民航、管道建設進一步加強。農網改造穩步進行。寬帶用戶超過 7.8億戶。經過多年努力，南水北調中線一期工程正式通水，惠及沿線億萬群眾。Progress was made in developing infrastructure and promoting coordinated development among regions.Significant progress was made in coordinated development for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and in building the Yangtze Economic Belt.An additional 8,427 kilometers of railway lines were put into operation.The length of high-speed railways that are up and running in China reached 16,000 kilometers, accounting for more than 60% of the world's total.The length of the country's expressways open to traffic grew to total 112,000 kilometers.Waterways, civil aviation, and pipelines were all further developed.Steady progress was made in upgrading rural power grids.The number of broadband Internet users exceeded 780 million.Thanks to many years of hard work, the first phase of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project was officially put into operation, benefiting millions of people along the route.實施創新驅動發展戰略。著力打通科技成果轉化通道，擴大中關村國家自主創新示范區試點政策實施范圍，推進科技資源開放共享，科技人員創新活力不斷釋放。超級計算、探月工程、衛星應用等重大科研項目取得新突破，我國自主研制的支線客機飛上藍天。

We implemented the strategy of innovation-driven development.We worked to commercialize research and development deliverables, expanded the scope of trial policies from the Zhongguancun National Innovation Demonstration Zone, and ensured that scientific and technological resources were openly shared.All this has been helping to constantly unleash the creativity of scientists and engineers.Breakthroughs have been made in major research projects such as supercomputing, the lunar exploration program, and satellite applications, and a regional jet developed and produced in China has been successfully put into service.四是織密織牢民生保障網，增進人民福祉。

Fourth, we worked on developing a tightly woven and sturdy safety net to secure and improve living standards.我們堅持以人為本，持續增加民生投入，保基本、兜底線、建機制，盡管財政收入增速放緩、支出壓力加大，但財政用于民生的比例達到70%以上。

We continued to put people first, sustaining increases to spending in areas that are important to improving standards of living.We have been working to build up a basic safety net, ensure there is a cushion in place for those most in need, and make relevant institutional arrangements.Despite a slowdown in the growth of government revenue and increased pressure on expenditures, more than 70% of last year's government budget was spent on ensuring standards of living.加強就業和社會保障。完善就業促進政策，推出創業引領計劃，高校畢業生就業穩中有升。統一城鄉居民基本養老保險制度，企業退休人員基本養老金水平又提高10%。新開工保障性安居工程 740萬套，基本建成511萬套。全面建立臨時救助制度，城鄉低保標準分別提高9.97%和14.1%，殘疾軍人、烈屬和老復員軍人等優撫對象撫恤和生活補助標準提高20%以上。

We worked to strengthen employment and social security.We improved the policies to stimulate employment and initiated the scheme to help college students and graduates to start businesses, ensuring a steady increase in the employment of college graduates.We unified the basic pension systems for rural residents and non-working urban residents and increased basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees by a further 10%.Construction began on 7.4 million government-subsidized housing units, and 5.11 million such units were basically completed.We established a nationwide temporary-assistance system, increased subsistence allowances by 9.97% for urban residents and 14.1% for rural residents, and increased subsidies and living allowances by more than 20% for disabled military personnel, families of revolutionary martyrs, and old-age veterans.繼續促進教育公平。加強貧困地區義務教育薄弱學校建設，提高家庭經濟困難學生資助水平，國家助學貸款資助標準大幅上調。中等職業學校免學費補助政策擴大到三年。實行義務教育免試就近入學政策，28 個省份實現了農民工隨遷子女在流入地參加高考。貧困地區農村學生上重點高校人數連續兩年增長 10%以上。經過努力，全國財政性教育經費支出占國內生產總值比例超過 4%。

We continued to make progress in securing fair access to education.We strengthened efforts to improve badly built and poorly operated schools providing compulsory education in poor areas, increased financial aid to students from poor families, and significantly increased the amount available per eligible student for national study assistance loans.The scheme to subsidize the waiving of tuition fees at schools providing secondary vocational education was extended to cover three years of study.Policies have been introduced to ensure that children can receive compulsory education at schools close to where they live without having to take entrance exams, and 2 8 provincial-level administrative areas began to allow children who live with their migrant worker parents to take the college entrance exam in their cities of residence.The number of students from poor rural areas who were newly enrolled in key colleges and universities increased by more than 10% for the second year running.Through hard work, government spending on education has come to reach over 4% of GDP.深入推進醫藥衛生改革發展。城鄉居民大病保險試點擴大到所有省份，疾病應急救助制度基本建立，全民醫保覆蓋面超過95%。基層醫療衛生機構綜合改革深化，縣鄉村服務網絡逐步完善。公立醫院改革試點縣市達到 1300 多個。

We intensified efforts to reform and develop medical and health care.Trials of serious illness insurance for rural and non-working urban residents were extended to all provincial-level administrative areas, the framework of the system for providing assistance for emergency medical treatment was established, and over 95% of the whole population was covered by medical insurance.The comprehensive reform of community medical and healthcare centers was deepened, and the networks of medical and healthcare services for counties, townships, and villages have been steadily improved.The number of counties and county-level cities carrying out trial public hospital reforms reached over 1,300.積極發展文化事業和文化產業。推動重大文化惠民項目建設，廣播電視“村村通”工程向“戶戶通”級。實施文藝精品戰略，完善現代文化市場體系。群眾健身活動蓬勃開展，成功舉辦南京青奧會。

We worked actively to develop the cultural sector.Progress was made in developing major cultural initiatives designed to benefit the public.Great efforts were made to extend radio and television coverage not only to all villages but to all rural homes.Efforts were made to ensure the production of more high-quality literary and artistic works, and the modern culture market was improved.Popular fitness activities are flourishing nationwide, and the 2014 Summer Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing were a great success.五是創新社會浩盟，但進和諧穩定。我們妥善應對自然災害和突發事件，有序化解社會矛盾，建立健全機制，強化源頭防范，保障人民生命安全，維護良好的社會秩序。

Fifth, we have been developing new forms of social governance, and promoting social harmony and stability.We responded effectively to natural disasters and emergencies, worked to resolve social problems in a systematic way, and strengthened mechanisms to address problems at the source.These efforts have protected lives and ensured public order.去年云南魯甸、景谷等地發生較強地震，我們及時高效展開抗震救災，災后恢復重建順利推進。積極援非抗擊埃博拉疫情，有效防控疫情輸入。加強安全生產工作，事故總量、重特大事故、重點行業事故持續下降。著力治理餐桌污染，食品藥品安全形勢總體穩定。

Last year, when strong earthquakes hit in areas including Ludian and Jinggu counties in Yunnan Province, we launched timely and efficient relief efforts and made smooth progress in post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.We worked proactively to assist Africa in the fight against Ebola, and effectively prevented the virus from entering China.We intensified efforts to ensure workplace safety and achieved reductions in the number of total accidents, serious and major accidents, and accidents in key industries.Serious efforts were made to prevent food contamination, and on the whole the situation was kept stable in food and medicine safety.我們大力推進依法行政，國務院提請全國人大常委會制定修訂食品安全法等法律 15 件，制定修訂企業信息公示暫行條例等行政法規 38件。政務公開深入推進，政府重大決策和政策以多種形式向社會廣泛征求意見。完成第三次全國經濟普查。改革信訪工作制度。法律援助范圍從低保群體擴大到低收入群體。加強城鄉社區建設，行業協會商會等四類社會組織實現直接登記。嚴厲打擊各類犯罪活動，強化社會治安綜合治理，維護了國家安全和公共安全。In a major push to advance law-based government administration, the State Council submitted proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress(NPC)on enacting or revising 15 laws including the Food Safety Law, and formulated or revised 38 sets of administrative regulations including the Provisional Regulations on Enterprise Information Disclosure.We took thorough steps to increase transparency in government operations, and used multiple means to widely solicit comments from the public on major government decisions and policies.The third national economic census was completed.We reformed the system for handling public complaints made in the form of letters or visits.Legal aid was expanded to cover not only people living on subsistence allowances but also those on low incomes.We strengthened efforts in both urban and rural community building, and made direct registration a reality for four types of social organizations, including industry associations and chambers of commerce.We cracked down on crime, strengthened efforts in the comprehensive maintenance of law and order, and effectively safeguarded national security and public safety.我們嚴格落實黨中央八項規定精神，持之以恒糾正“四風氣嚴格執行國務院”“法三章”，政府性樓堂館所、機關事業單位人員編制、“三公”經費得到有效控制。加大行政監察和審計監督力度，推進黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭，嚴肅查處違紀違法案件，一批腐敗分子得到應有懲處。

We have been strictly putting into practice the CPC Central Committee's eight-point decision on improving Party and government conduct and making persistent efforts to fight formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance.We have been rigorously implementing the State Council's three-point decision on curbing government spending, and have effectively controlled the construction of new government buildings, the staffing of government bodies and public institutions, and the spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality.Administrative supervision and auditing oversight have been intensified;efforts have been stepped up to improve Party conduct, build a clean government, and fight corruption;and we have investigated and prosecuted violations of the law and discipline, bringing many offenders to justice.我們狠抓重大政策措施的落實，認真開展督查，引入第三方評估和社會評價，建立長效機制，有力促進了各項工作。

We have taken strong steps to ensure the implementation of major policies and measures, carrying out inspections, introducing third-party evaluations and public appraisals, and establishing permanent mechanisms.These efforts have gone a long way in advancing all of our work.一年來，外交工作成果豐碩。習近平主席等國家領導人出訪多國，出席二十國集團領導人峰會、金磚國家領導人會晤、上海合作組織峰會、東亞合作領導人系列會議、亞歐首腦會議、達沃斯論壇等重大活動。成功舉辦亞太經合組織第二十二次領導人非正式會議、亞信會議第四次峰會、博主主亞洲論壇。積極參與多邊機制建立和國際規則制定。大國外交穩中有進，周邊外交呈現新局面，同發展中國家合作取得新進展，經濟外交成果顯著。推進絲綢之路經濟帶和 21 世紀海上絲綢之路建設，籌建亞洲基礎設施投資銀行，設立絲路基金。我們與各國的交往合作越來越緊密，中國在國際舞臺上負責任大國形象日益彰顯。

Over the past year, Chinese diplomacy has been fruitful.President Xi Jinping and other state leaders visited many countries and attended major international events, including the G20 Leaders Summit, the BRICS Leaders Meeting, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit, the East Asian leaders' meetings on cooperation, the Asia-Europe Meeting, the Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2014 in Tianjin, and the World Economic Forum annual meeting 2015 in Davos4 Switzerland.China hosted the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the Fourth Summit of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia, and the Boao Forum for Asia.China has been participating actively in establishing multilateral mechanisms and writing international rules.We have made steady progress in developing relations with other major countries, entered a new phase in neighborhood diplomacy, and made new headway in our cooperation with other developing countries.Notable progress has been made in conducting economic diplomacy.Progress has been made in pursuing the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road initiatives;preparations have been made for establishing the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and the Silk Road Fund has been set up.China is engaging in more exchanges and cooperation with other countries, and is increasingly recognized as a major responsible country on the international stage.各位代表！Fellow Deputies, 一年來取得的成績，是以習近平同志為核心的黨中央統攬全局、科學決策的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民共同努力、不懈奮斗的結果。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯感謝!向關心和支持中國現代化建設事業的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯感謝！

We owe the achievements of the past year to the overall planning and sound policymaking of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary and to the concerted and unremitting efforts of all members of the Party and the armed forces, and all of China's people.On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express our sincere gratitude to the people of all our ethnic groups, and to the non-CPC parties, people's organizations, and people from all sectors of society.We would like to express our heartfelt appreciation to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, and to Chinese nationals overseas.We also wish to express true gratitude to the governments, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who show understanding for arid support China in its endeavor to modernize.我們既要看到成績，更要看到前進中的困難和挑戰。投資增長乏力，新的消費熱點不多，國際市場沒有大的起色，穩增長難度加大，一些領域仍存在風險隱患。工業產品價格持續下降，生產要素成本上升，小微企業融資難融資貴問題突出，部分企業生產經營困難。經濟發展方式比較粗放，創新能力不足，產能過剩問題突出，農業基礎薄弱。群眾對醫療、養老、住房、交通、教育、收入分配、食品安全、社會治安等還有不少不滿意的地方。有些地方環境污染嚴重，重大安全事故時有發生。政府工作還存在不足，有些政策措施落實不到位。少數政府機關工作人員亂作為，一些腐敗問題觸目驚心，有的為官不為，在其位不謀其政，該辦的事不辦。我們要直面問題，安不忘危，治不忘亂，勇于擔當，不辱歷史使命，不負人民重托。

While recognizing our achievements, we must also be mindful of the difficulties and challenges on the road ahead: ■ Growth in investment is sluggish;the number of new areas of strong consumer activity is limited;there is no sign the international market is about to significantly pick up;maintaining stable growth is becoming more difficult, and there are still latent risks in some areas.■ The prices of manufactured products are continuing to fall;the costs of factors of production are on the rise;small and micro businesses are finding it difficult and costly to obtain financing;and the going is tough for some enterprises.■ China's economic growth model remains inefficient;our capacity for innovation is insufficient;overcapacity is a pronounced problem, and the foundation of agriculture is weak.■ There are still many problems of public concern in medical services, elderly care, housing, transport, education, income distribution, food safety, and law and order.Environmental pollution is serious in some localities, and major accidents in the workplace are not uncommon.■ There is still much to be improved in the work of the government, with some policies and measures not being satisfactorily implemented.A small number of government employees behave irresponsibly;shocking cases of corruption still exist;and some government officials are neglectful of their duties, holding onto their jobs while failing to fulfill their responsibilities.We must face these problems head on.In times of peace one must be alert to danger, and in times of stability one must be mindful of the potential for chaos.We must be ready to bear the weight of responsibility, do justice to our historic mission, and live up to the great trust the people place in us.[NextPage]

二、2015 年工作總體部署 II.The Plan for Work in 2015 我國是世界上最大的發展中國家，仍處于并將長期處于社會主義初級階段，發展是硬道理，是解決一切問題的基礎和關鍵。化解各種矛盾和風險，跨越“中等收入陷阱”，實現現代化，根本要靠發展，發展必須有合理的增長速度。同時，我國經濟發展進入新常態，正處在爬坡過坎的關口，體制機制弊端和結構性矛盾是“攔路虎”，不深化改革和調整經濟結構，就難以實現平穩健康發展。我們必須毫不動搖堅持以經濟建設為中心，切實抓好發展這個執政興國第一要務。必須堅持不懈依靠改革推動科學發展，加快轉變經濟發展方式，實現有質量有效益可持續的發展。

China is the largest developing country in the world;it is still in the primary stage of socialism, where it will remain for a long time to come.At this stage, development is of primary importance to China;it is both the basis for and the key to solving every problem we face.In order to defuse problems arid risks, avoid falling into the “middle-income trap,” and achieve modernization, China must rely on development, and development requires an appropriate growth rate.At the same time, China's economic development has entered a new normal.Our country is in a crucial period during which challenges need to be overcome and problems need to be resolved.Systemic, institutional, and structural problems have become “tigers in the road” holding up development.Without deepening reform and making economic structural adjustments, we will have a difficult time sustaining steady and sound development.We must be adamant in pursuing economic development as our central task and make a thorough job of development as the top priority for ensuring the governance and revitalization of the country.We must continue to promote development in a sound and balanced way through reform and speed up the transformation of the growth model so as to achieve quality, efficient, and sustainable development.當前，世界經濟正處于深度調整之中，復蘇動力不足，地緣政治影響加重，不確定因素增多，推動增長、增加就業、調整結構成為國際社會共識。我國經濟下行壓力還在加大，發展中深層次矛盾凸顯，今年面臨的困難可能比去年還要大。同時，我國發展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰略機遇期，有巨大的潛力、韌性和回旋余地。新型工業化、信息化、城鎮化、農業現代化持續推進，發展基礎日益雄厚，改革紅利正在釋放，宏觀調控積累了豐富經驗。我們必須增強憂患意識，堅定必勝信念，牢牢把握發展的主動權。

At present, the world economy is undergoing profound adjustment, its recovery lacks drive, the influence of geopolitics is increasing, and there are a greater number of uncertainties at play Promoting growth, creating jobs, and making structural adjustments have become common goals for the international community.With downward pressure on China's economy building and deep-seated problems in development surfacing, the difficulties we are to encounter in the year ahead may be even more formidable than those of last year.On the other hand, China is still in an important period of strategic opportunity during which great progress can be made in development.Our country's development has enormous potential and is hugely resilient, and we have ample room for growth.Steady progress is being made in the development of new types of industrialization, applications of information technologies, urbanization, and agricultural modernization;the foundation underpinning development is becoming stronger by the day;benefits of reform are being delivered as we speak;and we have gained much experience in conducting macro regulation.We must strengthen our awareness of latent problems while remaining fully confident and taking an active approach to development.新的一年是全面深化改革的關鍵之年，是全面推進依法治國的開局之年，也是穩增長調結構的緊要之年。政府工作的總體要求是:高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀為指導，全面貫徹黨的十八大和十八屆三中、四中全會精神，貫徹落實總書記系列重要講話精神，主動適應和引領經濟發展新常態，堅持穩中求進工作總基調，保持經濟運行在合理區間，著力提高經濟發展質量和效益，把轉方式調結構放到更加重要位置，狠抓改革攻堅，突出創新驅動，強化風險防控，加強民生保障，處理好改革發展穩定關系，全面推進社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態文明建設，促進經濟平穩健康發展和社會和諧穩定。

This coming year will be crucial for comprehensively deepening reform, the first year for fully advancing the law-based governance of the country, and a critical year for ensuring steady growth and making structural adjustments.The overall requirements for the government's work this year are as follows: ■ hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics;■ follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development;■ comprehensively implement the guiding principles of the 18th National Party Congress and the third and fourth plenary sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee;■ put into practice the guiding principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping's major speeches;■ actively adapt to and guide the new normal in China's economic development;■ adhere to the general principle of seeking progress while keeping performance stable;■ ensure that the economy performs within an appropriate range;■ focus on strengthening the quality and benefits of economic development;■ give greater priority to transforming the growth model and making structural adjustments;■ tackle tough problems of reform head on;■ pursue innovation-driven development;■ strengthen risk prevention and control;■ strengthen safeguards for people's standard of living;■ get the right balance between carrying out reform, pursuing development, and ensuring stability;■ promote all-round socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological advancement;and ■ achieve steady and sound economic development and ensure social harmony and stability.我們要把握好總體要求，著眼于保持中高速增長和邁向中高端水平“雙目標”，堅持穩政策穩預期和促改革調結構“雙結合”，打造大眾創業、萬眾創新和增加公共產品、公共服務“雙引擎”，推動發展調速不減勢、量增質更優，實現中國經濟提質增效升級。

Keeping in mind these requirements, we must focus on achieving the dual objectives of maintaining a medium-high-level growth rate and moving toward a medium-high-level of development.We need to maintain policy continuity and keep expectations stable while moving forward with reform and structural adjustment, and we need to develop twin engines to drive development: popular entrepreneurship and innovation, paired with increased supplies of public goods and services.This will ensure that our growth rate is adjusted without weakening momentum and that growth in quantity is underpinned by greater quality, thereby achieving a better-quality, more efficient, upgraded economy.今年經濟社會發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長7%左右，居民消費價格漲幅 3%左右，城鎮新增就業 1000 萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率4.5%以內，進出口增長 6%左右，國際收支基本平衡，居民收入增長與經濟發展同步。能耗強度下降3.1%以上，主要污染物排放繼續減少。

We have set the main targets for China's economic and social development for this year as follows: ■ increase the GDP by approximately 7%;■ keep the increase in the CPI at around 3%;■ create over ten million jobs in urban areas;■ ensure that the registered urban unemployment rate does not rise above 4.5%;■ increase imports and exports by around 6%;■ achieve a basic balance of payments;■ ensure that personal incomes increase in step with economic development;and ■ cut energy intensity by 3.1%, and continue to reduce the emissions of major pollutants.經濟增長預期7%左右，考慮了需要和可能，與全面建成小康社會目標相銜接，與經濟總量擴大和結構升級的要求相適應，符合發展規律，符合客觀實際。以這樣的速度保持較長時期發展，實現現代化的物質基礎就會更加雄厚。穩增長也是為了保就業，隨著服務業比重上升、小微企業增多和經濟體量增大，7%左右的速度可以實現比較充分的就業。各地要從實際出發，積極進取、拉掘潛力，努力爭取更好結果。

The target growth rate of approximately 7% takes into consideration what is needed and what is possible.This target is both aligned with our goal of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and is appropriate in terms of the need to grow and upgrade our economy.It is also in keeping with the objective laws of development as well as conditions in China.If China's economy can grow at this rate for a relatively long time, we will secure a more solid material foundation for modernization.At the same time, the aim of maintaining stable growth is to ensure employment.As the service sector becomes larger, the number of small and micro businesses grows, and the economy gains in size, a growth rate of approximately 7% will ensure ample employment.Local governments need to set targets based on local conditions, be fully motivated to make progress, and tap into their full potential so as to deliver better outcomes.做好今年政府工作，要把握好以下三點。

To deliver a good performance in the work of the government this year, we need to concentrate on the following three areas: 第一，穩定和完善宏現經濟政策。繼續實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，更加注重預調微調，更加注重定向調控，用好增量，盤活存量，重點支持薄弱環節。以微觀活力支撐宏觀穩定，以供給創新帶動需求擴大，以結構調整促進總量平衡，確保經濟運行在合理區間。

Firs we need to ensure continuity in and make improvements to macroeconomic policies.We will continue to implement proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy.We will pay greater attention to anticipatory adjustments, fine-tuning, and targeted regulation.We will put both existing and additional financial resources to good use, focusing particularly on strengthening weak spots.We will improve micro-level vitality to underpin macroeconomic stability, explore new ways of achieving supply to boost demand, and balance total supply and demand through structural adjustments to ensure the economy performs within an appropriate range.積極的財政政策要加力增效。今年擬安排財政赤字1.62 萬億元，比去年增加2700億元，赤字率從去年的 2.1%提高到2.3%。其中，中央財政赤字1.12 萬億元，增加 1700 億元；地方財政赤字 5000 億元，增加 1000 億元。處理好債務管理與穩增長的關系，創新和

完善地方政府舉債融資機制。適當發行專項債券。保障符合條件的在建項目后續融資，防范和化解風險隱患。優化財政支出結構，大力盤活存量資金，提高使用效率。繼續實行結構性減稅和普遍性降費，進一步減輕企業特別是小微企業負擔。

Our proactive fiscal policy must sustain the momentum of economic growth and increase economic returns.The government budget deficit for 2015 is projected to be 1.62 trillion yuan, an increase of 270 billion yuan over last year, which means that the deficit to GDP ratio will rise from last year's 2.1% to 2.3%.Of this amount, the central government deficit will account for 1.12 trillion yuan, an increase of 170 billion yuan, and local government deficit will account for 500 billion yuan, an increase of 100 billion yuan.We need to find the right balance between managing debt and maintaining steady growth.We will develop and improve mechanisms for local governments to secure financing through bond issuance.We will allow local governments to issue an appropriate amount of special bonds, ensure continued financing for eligible projects already under construction, and guard against and defuse risks and latent dangers.We will improve the mix of budgetary spending, redouble our efforts to put government funds on hand into use, and strengthen the effectiveness of government spending.We will continue to make structural tax reductions and cut fees across the board so as to further lighten the burden on enterprises, particularly small and micro businesses.穩健的貨幣政策要松緊適度。廣義貨幣M2預期增長12%左右，在實際執行中，根據經濟發展需要，也可以略高些。加強和改善宏觀審慎管理，靈活運用公開市場操作、利率、存款準備金率、再貸款等貨幣政策工具，保持貨幣信貸和社會融資規模平穩增長。加快資金周轉，優化信貸結構，提高直接融資比重，降低社會融資成本，讓更多的金融活水流向實體經濟。

We will pursue prudent and balanced monetary policy.The M2 money supply is forecasted to grow by around 12% in 2015, but the actual supply may be slightly higher than this projection depending on the needs of economic development.We will work to strengthen and improve macro-prudential regulation, adopt a flexible approach in our use of monetary policy tools including open market operations, interest rates, required reserve ratios, and re-lending, and maintain steady growth in the supply of money and credit as well as aggregate financing in the economy.We will speed up the turnover of funds, improve the credit structure, increase the proportion of direct financing to total financing, and reduce the cost of financing, thereby allowing more financial resources to be channeled into the real economy.第二，保持穩增長與調結構的平衡。我國發展面臨“三期疊加”矛盾，資源環境約束力口大，勞動力等要素成本上升，高投入、高消耗、偏重數量擴張的發展方式已經難以為繼，必須推動經濟在穩定增長中優化結構。既要穩住速度，確保經濟平穩運行，確保居民就業和收入持續增加，為調結構轉方式創造有利條件；又要調整結構，務實穩增長的基礎。要增加研發投入，提高全要素生產率，加強質量、標準和品牌建設，促進服務業和戰略性新興產業比重提高、水平提升，優化經濟發展空間格局，加快培育新的增長點和增長極，實現在發展中升級、在升級中發展。

Second, we need to maintain a proper balance between ensuring steady growth and making structural adjustments.In its current stage of development, China has to deal simultaneously with the slowdown in economic growth, making difficult structural adjustments, and absorbing the effects of previous economic stimulus policies.As resource-related and environmental constraints grow and costs for labor and other factors of production rise, a model of development that draws on high levels of investment and energy consumption and is heavily driven by quantitative expansion becomes difficult to sustain.We must therefore improve the economic structure while ensuring steady growth.The growth rate must be kept steady to ensure that economic performance is stable, and that employment and personal incomes carry on increasing, thus creating a favorable environment for making structural adjustments and transforming the growth model.At the same time, structural adjustments must be made to consolidate the foundation for ensuring steady growth.We need to increase research and development spending, raise total factor productivity, improve quality, standards, and brand-building, strengthen the service sector and strategic emerging industries and increase their share of the economy, improve the Overall structure of economic growth, and work harder to foster new areas of growth and growth poles.With these efforts, we can ensure that economic upgrading and development reinforce each other.第三，培育和催生經濟社會發展新動力。當前經濟增長的傳統動力減弱，必須加大結構性改革力度，加快實施創新驅動發展戰略，改造傳統引擎，打造新引擎。一方面，增加公共產品和服務供給，加大政府對教育、衛生等的投入，鼓勵社會參與，提高供給效率。這既能補短板、惠民生，也有利于擴需求、促發展。另一方面，推動大眾創業、萬眾創新。這既可以擴大就業、增加居民收入，又有利于促進社會縱向流動和公平正義。我國有 13億人口、9 億勞動力資源，人民勤勞而智慧，蘊藏著無窮的創造力，千千萬萬個市場細胞活躍起來，必將匯聚成發展的巨大動能，一定能夠頂住經濟下行壓力，讓中國經濟始終充滿勃勃生機。政府要勇于自我革命，給市場和社會留足空間，為公平競爭搭好舞臺。個人和企業要勇于創業創新，全社會要厚植創業創新文化，讓人們在創造財富的過程中，更好地實現精神追求和自身價值。

Third, we need to nurture and hasten the birth of a new force for driving economic and-social development.As the force that has traditionally driven economic growth is weakening, it is imperative that we intensify structural reform, boost efforts to implement the strategy of pursuing innovation-driven development, and upgrade traditional engines while creating new ones for driving development.We will increase the supply of public goods and services, increase government input in areas like education and health care, and encourage nongovernmental participation to improve the efficiency of supply.This will bolster weak spots and benefit the people, as well as increase demand and promote development.At the same time, we will also encourage people to start their own businesses and to make innovations, which will not only create more jobs and increase personal incomes, but also improve upwards social mobility and social equity and justice.China has a population of 1.3 billion and a workforce of 900 million.Our people are hardworking and talented, and there is no limit to their ingenuity.When an abundance of market cells spring into life, they will form a mighty driving force for development, ensuring China's economy remains resilient in spite of the downward pressure on it, and continues to be full of life and dynamism.The government should be bold in imposing a reform on itself so as to leave ample space for the market and society to play their respective roles and level the playing field for fair competition-Individuals and enterprises must have the mettle to promote their business development and make innovations, and our society needs to nurture a culture of entrepreneurs hip and innovation.In this way, while creating wealth, people will be able to meet their cultural and intellectual needs and realize their full potential in life.今年是“十二五”收官之年，我們要在完成“十二五”經濟社會發展主要目標任務的同時，以改革的精神、創新的理念和科學的方法，做好“十三五”規劃綱要編制工作，謀劃好未來五年的發展藍圖。

This year is the final year for completing the 12th Five-Year Plan.As we strive to accomplish the major tasks and objectives for economic and social development set forth in this plan, we need to formulate the 13th Five-Year Plan, bringing to this work the spirit of reform and innovation and adopting a scientific approach.[NextPage]

三、把改革開放扎實推向縱深 III.Deepening Reform and Opening Up 改革開放是推動發展的制勝法寶。必須以經濟體制改革為重點全面深化改革，統籌兼顧，真抓實干，在牽動全局的改革上取得新突破，增強發展新動能。

Reform and opening up is crucial for driving development.We must focus on economic structural reform as we comprehensively deepen reform, taking all things into consideration in planning, working solidly to deliver concrete outcomes, making new breakthroughs in areas that can boost development as a whole, and strengthening new momentum to drive development.加大簡政放權、放管結合改革力度。今年再取消和下放一批行政審批事項，全部取消非行政許可審批，建立規范行政審批的管理制度。深化商事制度改革，進一步簡化注冊資本登記，逐步實現“三證合一”，清理規范中介服務。制定市場準入負面清單，公布省級政府權力清單、責任清單，切實做到法無授權不可為、法定職責必須為。地方政府對應當放給市場和社會的權力，要徹底放、不截留，對上級下放的審批事項，要接得住、管得好。加強事中事后監管，健全為企業和社會服務一張網，推進社會信用體系建設，建立全國統一的社會信用代碼制度和信用信息共享交換平臺，依法保護企業和個人信息安全。大道至筒，有權不可任性。各級政府都要建立簡政放權、轉變職能的有力推進機制，給企業松綁，為創業提供便利，營造公平競爭環境。所有行政審批事項都要簡化程序，明確時限，用政府權力的“減法”，換取市場活力的“乘法”。

We will do more to streamline administration and delegate more powers to lower-level governments and to society in general while improving regulation.This year, we will delegate the power or cancel the requirement for government review for more items, cancel all non-administrative review, and establish a system for exercising well-regulated management over the government review process.We will deepen reform of the business system;further simplify the process for capital registration;take gradual steps to integrate the business license, the certificate of organization codes, and the certificate of taxation registration into one certificate;and overhaul and regulate intermediary services.We will draw up a negative list for market access, ensure that provincial-level governments make their lists of powers and responsibilities open to the public, and make sure that anything the law does not authorize is not done, while all duties and functions assigned by law are performed.Local governments must completely let go of powers that should be delegated to the market or society, and properly exercise the power of review over all items that have been delegated to them by higher-level governments.We will exercise stronger oversight both during and after the handling of matters, and improve the network of services for both enterprises and the general public.We will work to improve the credit rating system, put in place a national unified system of codes for rating credit, and establish a platform for sharing and exchanging information on credit.We will, in accordance with the law, protect the information security of enterprises and individuals.It goes without saying that powers should not be held without good reason.Governments at all levels need to adopt effective Ways to streamline administration, delegate powers, and transform their functions, creating an enabling environment for enterprises, making it easier to start up in business, and creating the right environment for fair competition.Procedures and processes must be simplified and time frames must be clarified for all items requiring administrative review, and cuts to government power will be made to boost market vitality.多管齊下改革提融資體制。大幅縮減政府核準投資項目范圍，下放核準權限。大幅減少投資項目前置審批，實行項目核準網上并聯辦理。大幅放寬民間投資市場準入，鼓勵社會資本發起設立股權投資基金。政府采取投資補助、資本金注入、設立基金等辦法，引導社會資本投入重點項目。以用好鐵路發展基金為抓手，深化鐵路投融資改革。在基礎設施、公用事業等領域，積極推廣政府和社會資本合作模式。

We will take multiple measures to reform the investment and financing systems.We will substantially reduce the number of investment projects that require government review, delegate more powers of review to lower-level governments, significantly streamline the need for preliminary review for investment projects, and conduct project reviews online.We will greatly relax market access for private investment and encourage the use of private capital to set up equity funds.The government will guide nongovernmental investments toward key projects by subsidizing investments, injecting capital, and establishing funds.We will deepen reform of railway investment and financing by making good use of railway development funds.We will actively promote models of cooperation between government and nongovernmental capital in developing infrastructure and public utilities.不失時機加快價格改革。改革方向是發揮市場在資源配置中的決定性作用，大幅縮減政府定價種類和項目，具備競爭條件的商品和服務價格原則上都要放開。取消絕大部分藥品政府定價，下放一批基本公共服務收費定價權。擴大輸配電價改革試點，推進農業水價改革，健全節能環保價格政策。完善資源性產品價格，全面實行居民階梯價格制度。同時必須加強價格監管，規范市場秩序，確保低收入群眾基本生活。

We will take timely action to accelerate price reform.This reform is aimed at ensuring the market plays the decisive role in allocating resources and significantly reducing the number of categories and items of goods and services for which prices are set by the government.In principle, we will lift pricing controls over all goods and services that can viably compete in markets.The government will stop setting prices for most pharmaceuticals arid delegate to lower-level governments the power to set prices for certain basic public services.We will expand the trials of pricing reforms for electricity transmission and distribution, carry out pricing reforms for water used in agriculture, and improve pricing policies to make them more conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection.We will improve the pricing of resource products and fully implement a system of tiered pricing for electricity, water, and natural gas used for household purposes.At the same time, we must strengthen oversight over pricing, improve market order, and ensure the basic living standards of people on low incomes.推動財稅體制改革取得新進展。實行全面規范、公開透明的預算管理制度，除法定涉密信息外，中央和地方所有部門預決算都要公開，全面接受社會監督。提高國有資本經營預算調入一般公共預算的比例。推行中期財政規劃管理。制定盤活財政存量資金的有效辦法。力爭全面完成“營改增”，調整完善消費稅政策，擴大資源稅從價計征范圍。提請修訂稅收征管法。改革轉移支付制度，完善中央和地方的事權與支出責任，合理調整中央和地方收入劃分。

We will ensure that progress is made' in the reform of the fiscal and tax systems.We will put in place a comprehensive, well-regulated, open, and transparent budgeting system.With the exception of cases where classified information is involved, all central and local government departments must release their budgets and final accounts for public oversight.We will increase the percentage of funds transferred from the budgets for state capital operations to general public budgets.We will introduce medium-term fiscal planning.We will design effective measures to make good use of government funds at hand.We will devote serious energy to completing work to replace business tax with VAT across the board, adjust and improve policies on consumption tax, and extend price-based resource taxes to cover more types of resources.We will submit a proposal to the NPC Standing Committee on revising the Law on the Administration of Tax Collection.We will reform the transfer payments system, clearly define the respective powers and spending responsibilities of the central and local governments, and make appropriate adjustments to the division of revenue between them.圍繞服務實體經濟推進金融改革。推動具備條件的民間資本依法發起設立中小型銀行等金融機構，成熟一家，批準一家，不設限額。深化農村信用社改革，穩定其縣域法人地位。發揮好開發性金融、政策性金融在增加公共產品供給中的作用。推出存款保險制度。推進利率市場化改革，健全中央銀行利率調控框架。保持人民幣匯率處于合理均衡水平，增強人民幣匯率雙向浮動彈性。穩步實現人民幣資本項目可兌換，擴大人民幣國際使用，加快建設人民幣跨境支付系統，完善人民幣全球清算服務體系，開展個人投資者境外投資試點，適時啟動“深港通”試點。加強多層次資本市場體系建設，實施股票發行注冊制改革，發展服務中小企業的區域性股權市場，推進信貸資產證券化，擴大企業債券發行規模，發展金融衍生品市場。推出巨災保險、個人稅收遞延型商業養老保險。創新金融監管，防范和化解金融風險。大力發展普惠金融，讓所有市場主體都能分享金融服務的雨露甘霖。

We will move ahead with financial reform to better serve the real economy.We will encourage qualified private investors to establish, in accordance with the law, small and medium-sized banks and other financial institutions;there will be no quota imposed on them, and approval will be granted as long as all required conditions are met.We will deepen reform of rural credit cooperatives, and keep their status as legal persons in their counties stable.We will ensure development-oriented and policy-backed financial institutions function effectively in increasing the supply of public goods.A deposit insurance system will be established.We will further liberalize interest rates and improve the central bank's framework for their regulation.We will work to keep the RMB exchange rate at an appropriate and balanced level and allow it to float more freely.We will make steady progress in realizing the convertibility of the RMB capital accounts, expand the use of the RMB internationally, accelerate the establishment of a cross-border payment system for die RMB, improve the;worldwide clearing system for the RMB, pilot private overseas investment, and launch the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect on a trial basis at an appropriate time.We will strengthen the multilevel capital market and implement the reform to introduce a system of registration for issuing stocks.We will develop regional equity markets to serve small and medium-sized enterprises, encourage the securitization of credit assets, prompt an expansion of the issuance of corporate bonds, and develop the financial derivatives market.We will launch insurance to cover major disasters and commercial pension schemes that allow for deferred payment of individual income tax.We will explore new approaches to financial regulation to prevent and diffuse financial risks.We will channel great energy into developing inclusive finance and ensuring equitable access to financial services for all market entities.深化國企國資改革。準確界定不同國有企業功能，分類推進改革。加快國有資本投資公司、運營公司試點，打造市場化運作平臺，提高國有資本運營效率。有序實施國有企業混合所有制改革，鼓勵和規范投資項目引入非國有資本參股。加快電力、油氣等體制改革。多渠道解決企業辦社會負擔和歷史遺留問題，保障職工合法權益。完善現代企業制度，改革和健全企業經營者激勵約束機制。要加強國有資產監管，防止固有資產流失，切實提高國有企業的經營效益。

We will deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)and state capital.We will push forward with targeted reform of SOEs on the basis of having clearly defined their functions.We will move more swiftly in carrying out trials on establishing state capital investment companies and operating companies, create a market-based platform for state capital operations, and improve their performance.We will take systematic steps to implement the reform of introducing mixed ownership to SOEs, and both encourage and regulate equity investment made by non-state capital in SOE investment projects.We will accelerate structural reform of the electricity, oil, and natural gas industries.We will work, through multiple channels, to relieve SOEs of their obligation to operate social programs and help them solve longstanding problems, while at the same time ensuring that the legitimate rights and interests of workers are protected.We will ensure that SOEs improve their modern corporate structure, and incentive and restraint mechanisms for their executives are reformed and strengthened.We will strengthen regulation of state-owned assets and guard against their loss, and ensure that SOEs improve their performance.非公有制經濟是我國經濟的重要組成部分。必須毫不動搖鼓勵、支持、引導非公有制經濟發展，注重發揮企業家才能，全面落實促進民營經濟發展的政策措施，增強各類所有制經濟活力，讓各類企業法人財產權依法得到保護。

The non-public sector is an important component of China's economy.We will remain firmly committed to encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of this sector, work to enable entrepreneurs to give full expression to their talent, put into effect all policies and measures encouraging the development of the private sector, strengthen the vitality of enterprises under all types of ownership, and protect the property rights of all types of enterprise-legal persons in accordance with the law.繼續推進科技、教育、文化、醫藥衛生、養老保險、事業單位、住房公積金等領域改革。發展需要改革添動力，群眾期盼改革出實效，我們要努力交出一份為發展加力、讓人民受益的改革答卷。

We will continue to push ahead with reforms in science, technology, education, culture, medical and health care, pensions, public institutions, and the housing provident fund.Development needs to be driven by reform, and the people are expecting the real benefits reform delivers.We must work hard to make sure that reform boosts development and benefits our people.開放也是改革。必須實施新一輪高水平對外開放，加快構建開放型經濟新體制，以開放的主動贏得發展的主動、國際競爭的主動。

Opening up is itself a reform.We must carry out a new round of high-quality opening up, move more swiftly in building a new open economy, and maintain momentum in development and in international competition by pressing ahead with opening up.推動外貿轉型升級。完善出口退稅負擔機制，增量部分由中央財政全額負擔，讓地方和企業吃上“定心丸”。清理規范進出口環節收費，建立并公開收費項目清單。實施培育外貿競爭新優勢的政策措施，促進加工貿易轉型，發展外貿綜合服務平臺和市場采購貿易，擴大跨境電子商務綜合試點，增加服務外包示范城市數量，提高服務貿易比重。實施更加積極的進口政策，擴大先進技術、關鍵設備、重要零部件等進口。We will transform and upgrade China's foreign trade.We will improve the mechanism for sharing the cost of export tax rebates between the central and local governments with the central government paying all this year's increase over last year for the benefit of local governments and exporting enterprises.We will overhaul and regulate charges for imports and exports, and establish and release a complete list of such charges.We will implement policies and measures to enable China's foreign trade to develop new competitive edges, facilitate the transformation of processing trade, develop market purchase trade and a comprehensive service platform for foreign trade, expand comprehensive trials in cross-border e-commerce, turn more cities into trendsetters in undertaking services outsourced by other countries, and increase the share of service trade in China's foreign trade.We will adopt a more active import policy to increase the import of advanced technology, key equipment, and important parts and components.更加和極有效利用外資。修訂外商投資產業指導目錄，重點擴大服務業和一般制造業開放，把外商投資限制類條目縮減一半。全面推行普遍備案、有限核準的管理制度，大幅下放鼓勵類項目核準權，積極探索準入前國民待遇加負面清單管理模式。修訂外商投資相關法律，健全外商投資監管體系，打造穩定公平透明可預期的營商環境。

We will take a more active, more effective approach to making me of foreign capital.We will revise the Catalogue for the Guidance of Industries for Foreign Investment.We will focus on making the service and manufacturing sectors even more open by halving the number of industries in which foreign investment is restricted.We will introduce, across the board, the management system under which foreign investment projects generally need only to be placed on record, with government review required in only a limited number of cases.We will delegate to lower-level governments the power of review for a large number of projects that are encouraged by the state;and work actively to explore the management model of pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list.We will work to improve the foreign investment regulatory system, revise laws concerning foreign investment, and create a stable, fair, transparent, and predictable business environment.加快實施走出去戰略。鼓勵企業參與境外基礎設施建設和產能合作，推動鐵路、電力、通信、工程機械以及汽車、飛機、電子等中國裝備走向世界，促進冶金、建材等產業對外投資。實行以備案制為主的對外投資管理方式。擴大出口信用保險規模，對大型成套設各出口融資應保盡保。拓寬外匯儲備運用渠道，健全金融、信息、法律、領事保護服務。注重風險防范，提高海外權益保障能力。讓中國企業走得出、走得穩，在國際競爭中強筋健骨、發展壯大。

We will speed up the implementation of the “go global” strategy.We will encourage Chinese companies to participate in overseas infrastructure development projects and engage in cooperation with their foreign counterparts in building up production capacity.We will work to increase the international market share of Chinese railway, electric power, communications, engineering machinery, automobile, aircraft, electronics, and other equipment, and encourage the metallurgical, building materials, and other industries to invest overseas.Outbound investment will be mainly managed on a record-keeping basis.We will scale up export credit insurance to provide export financing insurance for all insurable complete sets of large equipment.We will broaden the channels for using foreign exchange reserves, provide better financial services, information services, legal services, and consulate protection to Chinese firms investing abroad, guard against risk, and strengthen our capacity to protect the rights and interests of Chinese enterprises overseas.We are confident that these steps will enable Chinese companies to go global and go steadily, emerging stronger in international competition.構建全方位到外開放新格局。推進絲綢之路經濟帶和 21 世紀海上絲綢之路合作建設。加快互聯互通、大通關和國際物流大通道建設。構建中巴、孟中印緬等經濟走廊。擴大內陸和沿邊開放，促進經濟技術開發區創新發展，提高邊境經濟合作區、跨境經濟合作區發展水平。積極推動上海、廣東、天津、福建自貿試驗區建設，在全國推廣成熟經驗，形成各具特色的改革開放高地。

We will foster a new environment in all-round opening up.We will work with the relevant countries in developing the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.We wall move faster to strengthen infrastructure connectivity with China's neighbors, simplify customs clearance procedures, and build international logistics gateways.We will work to build the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor.We will make China's interior and border areas more open to the outside world, promote the innovation-driven development of economic and technological development zones, and upgrade both border and cross-border economic cooperation areas.We will work actively to develop pilot free trade zones in Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin, and Fujian, and extend good practices developed in these zones to the rest of the country so that such zones become leading reform and opening up areas, each with its own distinctive features.統籌多雙邊和區域開放合作。維護多邊貿易體制，推動信息技術協定擴圍，積極參與環境產品、政府采購等國際談判。加快實施自貿區戰略，盡早簽署中韓、中澳自貿協定，加快中日韓自貿區談判，推動與海合會、以色列等自貿區談判，力爭完成中國——東盟自貿區升級談判和區域全面經濟伙伴關系協定談判，建設亞太自貿區。推進中美、中歐投資協定談判。中國是負責任、敢擔當的國家，我們愿做互利共贏發展理念的踐行者、全球經濟體系的建設者、經濟全球化的推動者。

We will promote multilateral, bilateral, and regional opening up and cooperation.We will uphold multilateral trade systems, work to promote expansion of the Information Technology Agreement, and take an active part in international talks in areas such as environmental products and government procurement.We will move faster to implement the strategy of developing free trade zones, ensuring that agreements on free trade zones with the Republic of Korea and Australia are signed as soon as possible;stepping up negotiations on the China-Japan-RoK Free Trade Zone;working for progress in talks on free trade zones with the Gulf Cooperation Council and: Israel;endeavoring to complete the talks;on upgrading the China-ASEAN Free Trade Zone and on establishing the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership;and working to build the Asia-Pacific Free Trade Zone.We will continue negotiations on investment agreements with the United States and the European Union.As a responsible and enterprising nation, China champions the vision of promoting mutually beneficial development, boosting the global economy, and encouraging economic globalization.[NextPage]

四、協調推動經濟穩定增長和結構優化

IV.Balancing Steady Economic Growth and Structural Improvement 穩增長和調結構相輔相成。我們既要全力保持經濟在合理區間運行，又要積極促進經濟轉型升級、行穩致遠。

Steady growth and structural adjustment complement each other.We must work hard to ensure that the economy performs within an appropriate range while promoting economic transformation and upgrading, and maintaining sustainable economic growth.加快培育消費增長點。鼓勵大眾消費，控制“三公”消費。促進養老家政健康消費，壯大信息消費，提升旅游休閑消費，推動綠色消費，穩定住房消費，擴大教育文化體育消費。全面推進“三網”融合，加快建設光纖網絡，大幅提升寬帶網絡速率，發展物流快遞，把以互聯網為載體、線上線下互動的新興消費搞得紅紅火火。建立健全消費品質量安全監管、追溯、召回制度，嚴肅查處制售假冒偽劣行為，保護消費者合法權益。擴大消費要匯小溪成大河，讓億萬群眾的消費潛力成為拉動經濟增長的強勁動力。

We will move faster to foster growth areas of consumption.We will encourage private consumption and curb spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality.We will promote consumption in elderly care, domestic services, and health services, help strengthen spending oil information goods and services, raise consumer spending on leisure and tourism, give impetus to green consumption, keep housing consumption stable, and encourage people to spend more on education, culture, and sports.We will press ahead with the nationwide project to deliver telecoms, radio, television, and Internet service over a single broadband connection, accelerate the development of fiber-optic networks, significantly increase broadband speeds, develop logistics and express delivery services, and ensure that new forms of Internet-based spending, which combine online-offline activities, come to thrive.We will strengthen monitoring, tracking, and recall systems to ensure the safety and quality of consumer goods, severely punish the production and sale of counterfeit and shoddy goods, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.In expanding consumption, we need to ensure every drop of spending builds to create a mighty river, so that the potential contained in an ocean of private consumers will be channeled into a powerful force driving economic growth.增加公共產品有效投資。確保完成“十二五”規劃重點建設任務，啟動實施一批新的重大工程項目。主要是：棚戶區和危房改造、城市地下管網等民生項目，中西部鐵路和公路、內河航道等重大交通項目，水利、高標準農田等農業項目，信息、電力、油氣等重大網絡項目，清潔能源及油氣礦產資源保障項目，傳統產業技術改造等項目，節能環保和生態建設項目。今年中央預算內投資增加到 4776 億元，但政府不唱“獨角戲”，要更大激發民間投資活力，引導社會資本投向更多領域。鐵路投資要保持在8000 億元以上，新技產里程 8000 公里以上，在全國基本實現高速公路電子不停車收費聯網，使交通真正成為發展的先行官。重大水利工程已開工的 57 個項目要加快建設，今年再開工 27 個項目，在建重大水利工程投資規模超過 8000 億元。柵改、鐵路、水利等投資多箭齊發，重點向中西部地區傾斜，使巨大的內需得到更多釋放。

We will increase effective investment in public goods.We will ensure that the projects set out in the 12th Five-Year Plan are completed.We will launch a number of major new projects, including: ■ projects for rebuilding rundown urban areas and renovating dilapidated housing, urban underground pipe network projects, and other projects to improve living standards;■ major railway, highway, and inland waterway transport projects in the central and western regions;■ agricultural projects on water conservancy arid developing high-quality farmland;■ projects that involve major information, electricity, oil, and natural gas networks;■ clean energy projects, and oil, natural gas, and mineral resource supply projects;■ projects for upgrading traditional industries;and ■ energy-saving, environmental protection, and ecological conservation projects.This year, the central government will increase its budgetary investment to 477.6 billion yuan.However, the government does not intend to perform an investment soliloquy;we need to do more to stimulate private investment arid channel the investment of nongovernmental capital into more areas.We will invest over 800 billion yuan in railway construction and open over 8,000 kilometers of railways to traffic.We will work to ensure that drive-through electronic toll collection systems are connected up on expressways throughout the country, and work toward making transportation truly lead the way in promoting development.Construction on the 57 ongoing major water conservancy projects needs to be accelerated;construction will be started on an additional 27 such projects this year, and investment in the major water conservancy projects under construction will exceed 800 billion yuan.Inve stment to be made in the above sectors, such as railways, water conservancy, and projects to rebuild rundown urban areas, will be weighted toward the central and western regions, helping stimulate enormous domestic demand.加快推進農業現代化。堅持“三農”重中之重地位不動搖，加快轉變農業發展方式，讓農業更強、農民更富、農村更美。

We will work harder to modernize agriculture.We will continue to give top priority to our work relating to agriculture, rural areas, and the rural population, speed up the transformation of the agricultural growth model, and ensure that agriculture is stronger, people in rural areas are better off, and rural China is more beautiful.今年糧食產量要穩定在1.1 萬億斤以上，保障糧食安全和主要農產品供給。堅守耕地紅線，全面開展永久基本農田劃定工作，實施耕地質量保護與提升行動，推進土地整治，增加深松土地 2 億畝。加強農田水利基本建設，大力發展節水農業。加快新技術、新品種、新農機研發推廣應用。引導農民瞄準市場調整種養結構，支持農產品加工特別是主產區糧食就地轉化，開展糧食作物改為飼料作物試點。綜合治理農藥獸藥殘留問題，全面提高農產品質量和食品安全水平。

This year, we need to keep grain output above 550 million metric tons, and ensure both food security and the supply of major agricultural products.We will make sure that China's arable land area does not fall below the red line of 120 million hectares.We will carry out work on designating permanent basic cropland throughout the country, launch an initiative to maintain and enhance the quality of cultivated land, improve rural land, improve the subsoil of 13.3 million hectares of cropland, strengthen the building of irrigation and water conservancy facilities, and work hard to develop water-efficient agriculture.We will, step up efforts to develop and expand the use of new technology, new crop varieties, and new agricultural machinery.We will guide farmers to adjust what and how much they grow or breed based on market demand.We will offer support for agricultural products to be processed locally, particularly for grain processing in major grain-growing areas, arid carry out pilot projects to replace grain crop cultivation with feed crop cultivation.We will comprehensively address problems such as residual traces of chemicals in agricultural products and livestock shipments.We will work to improve the quality of all agricultural products and make our food more safe to eat.新農村建設要惠及廣大農民。突出加強水和路的建設，今年再解決 6000 萬農村人口飲水安全問題，新建改建農村公路 20 萬公里，全面完成西部邊遠山區溜索改橋任務。力爭讓最后 20 多萬無電人口都能用上電。以垃圾、污水為重點加強環境治理，建設美麗宜居鄉村。多渠道促進農民增收，保持城鄉居民收入差距縮小勢頭。持續打好扶貧攻堅戰，深入推進集中連片特困地區扶貧開發，實施精準扶貧、精準脫貧。難度再大，今年也要再減少農村貧困人口 1000 萬人以上。

Our efforts to build a new countryside should benefit the rural population.We will give high priority to building roads and water facilities.This year, we will ensure that 60 million more rural residents gain access to safe drinking water;that 200,000 kilometers of rural roads are built or upgraded;and that bridges are built to replace all ropeways in the western region.We will work toward providing electricity to the over 200,000 remaining people in China who are still without access.We will strengthen efforts to improve the environment, focusing particularly on refuse and sewage treatment, to build a more beautiful and livable countryside.We will increase rural incomes through multiple channels and keep narrowing the urban-rural income gap.We will continue to fight the battle against poverty, carry out extensive poverty alleviation and development programs in contiguous poor areas, and take targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty.Regardless of how difficult it may be, this year, we must again reduce the poor rural population by more than 10 million.推進農業現代化，改革是關鍵。要在穩定家庭經營的基礎上，支持種養大戶、家庭農牧場、農民合作社、產業化龍頭企業等新型經營主體發展，培養新型職業農民，推進多種形式適度規模經營。做好土地確權登記頒證工作，審慎開展農村土地征收、集體經營性建設用地入市、宅基地制度、集體產權制度等改革試點。在改革中，要確保耕地數量不減少、質量不下降、農民利益有保障。深化供銷社、農墾、種業、固有林場林區等改革，辦好農村改革試驗區和現代農業示范區。完善糧食最低收購價和臨時收儲政策，改進農產品目標價格補貼辦法。加強涉農資金統籌整合和管理。無論財政多困難，惠農政策只能加強不能削弱，支農資金只能增加不能減少。

Reform is key to modernizing agriculture.On the premise of keeping household operations stable, we will support the development of large family farming businesses, family farms and pastures, farmers' cooperatives, leading agricultural enterprises, and other emerging agribusinesses;cultivate a new type of skilled farmer;and develop diversified and scaled agricultural operations.We will ensure smooth progress in determining, registering, and certifying contracted rural land-use rights.We will move prudently to carry out pilot reforms relating to rural land requisition, putting rural collective land designated for business-related construction on the market, the system of land use for rural housing, and the rural collective property rights system.We need to ensure that during reform, the acreage of cultivated land does not diminish, its quality does not deteriorate, and the interests of people in rural areas are protected.We will deepen the reform of rural supply and marketing cooperatives, state farms on reclaimed land, the seed industry, state forestry farms, and state forests, and work to ensure the success of both experimental zones for carrying out rural reform and modern agriculture demonstration zones.We will refine the policy on setting minimum state grain purchase prices and the policy on the temporary state purchase and storage of major agricultural products, and improve the ways that subsidies are granted under the system of guaranteed base prices for agricultural products.We will strengthen the integration and management of funds for agricultural development.Whatever fiscal difficulties we may face, our policies to support agriculture must be strengthened, and related funding must be increased.推進新型城鎮住取得新突破。城鎮化是解決城鄉差距的根本途徑，也是最大的內需所在。要堅持以人為核心，以解決三個1億人問題為著力點，發揮好城鎮化對現代化的支撐作用。

We will work to achieve breakthroughs in promoting a new type of urbanization.Urbanization is a fundamental way to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas arid provides the largest source of domestic demand.We will make urbanization people-oriented, focus on the three tasks, and folly leverage the role of urbanization in underpinning modernization.加大城鎮棚戶區和城鄉危房改造力度。今年保障性安居工程新安排 740 萬套，其中棚戶區改造 580 萬套，增加 110 萬套，把城市危房改造納入棚改政策范圍。農村危房改造 366 萬戶，增加100 萬戶，統籌推進農房抗震改造。住房保障逐步實行實物保障與貨幣補貼并舉，把一些存量房轉為公租房和安置房。對居住特別困難的低保家庭，給予住房救助。堅持分類指導，因地施策，落實地方政府主體責任，支持居民自住和改善性住房需求，促進房地產市場平穩健康發展。

We will redouble efforts to rebuild rundown urban areas and renovate dilapidated urban and rural housing.This year, our plan includes building an additional 7.4 million units of government-subsidized housing, of which 5.8 million are to be located in rundown urban areas, an increase of 1.1 million over last year.We will bring the renovation of dilapidated urban housing under the coverage of the policy on rebuilding rundown areas.We will renovate 3.66 million dilapidated rural houses, an increase of one million over the number renovated last year.We will carry out coordinated work to: make rural housing more earthquake resistant.In providing government housing support, we will phase in the policy of using both the provision of physical housing and the allocation of housing subsidies, and transform a portion of available housing into public rental housing or housing to be sold to those being relocated.Housing allowances will be provided to families who live on subsistence allowances and are facing serious housing difficulties.We will give targeted guidance, implement policies suitable to local conditions, assign primary responsibility to local governments for the development of housing, support people's demand for housing for personal use and second homes, and promote the stable and sound development of the real estate market.用改革的辦法解決城鎮化難點問題。抓緊實施戶籍制度改革，落實放寬戶口遷移政策。對已在城鎮就業和居住但尚未落戶的外來人口，以居住證為載體提供相應基本公共服務，取消居住證收費。建立財政轉移支付與市民化掛鉤機制，合理分擔農民工市民化成本。建立規范多元可持續的城市建設投融資機制。堅持節約集約用地，穩妥建立城鄉統一的建設用地市場，完善和拓展城鄉建設用地增減掛鉤試點。加強資金和政策支持，擴大新型城鎮化綜合試點。

We will draw on reform to solve tough issues in urbanization.We need to promptly implement reforms to the household registration system and relax controls over the transfer of household registration.People originally from rural areas who live and work in urban areas but have yet to gain urban residency will be able to access basic public services on the basis of their residence certificates, and we will get rid of fees related to residence certification.We will link the transfer payments of cities to their performance in granting urban residency to eligible migrant workers and find suitable ways to share the cost of ensuring migrant workers can become urban citizens.We will establish well-regulated, diversified, and sustainable mechanisms for financing urban development.We will continue to use land economically and intensively, establish a sound unified market for urban and rural land that may be used for construction purposes, and improve and expand pilot projects to link the amount of urban and rural land granted for these purposes to that of land returned to cultivation.We will increase funding and policy support for expanding trials in the new type of urbanization.提升城鎮規劃建設水平。制定實施城市群規劃，有序推進基礎設施和基本公共服務同城化。完善設市標準，實行特大鎮擴權增能試點，控制超大城市人口規模，提升地級市、縣城和中心鎮產業和人口承載能力，方便農民就近城鎮化。發展智慧城市，保護和傳承歷史、地域文化。加強城市供水供氣供電、公交和防洪防澇設施等建設。堅決治理污染、擁堵等城市病，讓出行更方便、環境更宜居。

We will improve the planning and construction of cities and towns.We need to formulate and implement plans for building city clusters, and work systematically to develop integrated infrastructure and basic public services within clusters.Standards for designating municipalities will be improved, trial programs will be launched to expand the powers of very large towns and increase their overall carrying capacity, and efforts will be made to bring population growth in megacities under control.We will also raise the industry and population carrying capacity of prefectural cities, county towns, and hub towns to make it easier for people from rural areas nearby to gain urban residency.We will develop sm art cities and protect historical and local culture, ensuring it is passed on from generation to generation.We will strengthen urban facilities for water, gas, and electricity supplies, public transport, and flood prevention and rainwater control.We will ensure the effective governance of urban maladies such as pollution and traffic congestion to make transportation more convenient and improve the environment for urban living.據展區域發展新空間。統籌實施“四大板塊”和“三個支撐帶”戰略組合。在西部地區開工建設一批綜合交通、能源、水利、生態、民生等重大項目，落實好全面振興東北地區等老工業基地政策措施，加快中部地區綜合交通樞紐和網絡等建設，支持東部地區率先發展，加大對老少邊窮地區支持力度，完善差別化的區域發展政策。把“一帶一路”建設與區域開發開放結合起來，加強新亞歐大陸橋、陸海口岸支點建設。推進京津冀協同發展，在交通一體化、生態環保、產業升級轉移等方面率先取得實質性突破。推進長江經濟帶建設，有序開工黃金水道治理、沿江碼頭口岸等重大項目，柑筑綜合立體大通道，建設產業轉移示范區，引導產業由東向西梯度轉移。加強中西部重點開發區建設，深化泛珠等區域合作。

We will expand space for promoting development in different regions.We will pursue in a coordinated way the strategy of developing the western region, revitalizing the northeast, boosting the rise of the central region, and ensuring the eastern region takes the lead in development and the strategy of developing the Silk Road Economic Belt, the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the Yangtze Economic Belt.■ In the western region, we will launch a number of major projects involving multipurpose transportation systems, energy, water conservancy, the environment, and living standards;■ In the old industrial bases of the northeast and other parts of China, we will implement policies and measures designed to ensure their full revitalizatiori;■ In the central region, we will speed up the development of integrated transportation hubs and networks;■ We will support the eastern region in taking the lead in development;■ We will increase support to old revolutionary base areas, areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities, border areas, and areas with relatively high incidences of poverty;and ■ We will improve differentiated policies for promoting the development of different regions.■ We will integrate the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road with the development and opening up of related regions.We will promote development of the new Eurasian Continental Bridge as well as major coastal and border ports which serve as hubs for the Belt or the Road.■ We will step up coordinated development for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and ensure that the region takes the lead in making substantive breakthroughs in areas such as integrated transportation, ecological conservation, environmental protection, and industry upgrading and relocation.■ We will press ahead with the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, working step by step to launch major projects including upgrading the area's major waterways and building docks and quays along the Yangtze River to create an integrated, multidimensional transport corridor.Industrial relocation demonstration zones will be built along the belt to guide the orderly relocation of industries from the east to the west.We will step up efforts to develop major development zones in the central and western regions and ensure cooperation is deepened in the pan-Pearl River Delta and other regions.我國是海洋大國，要編制實施海洋戰略規劃，發展海洋經濟，保護海洋生態環境，提高海洋科技水平，加強海洋綜合管理，堅決維護國家海洋權益，妥善處理海上糾紛，積極拓展雙邊和多邊海洋合作，向海洋強國的目標邁進。

China is a major maritime country.We need to draw up and implement a strategic maritime plan, develop the marine economy, protect the marine environment, strengthen marine science and technology, strengthen coordinated maritime management, resolutely safeguard China's maritime rights and interests, properly handle maritime disputes, actively expand bilateral and multilateral maritime cooperation, and move closer to achieving the goal of building China into a maritime power.推動產業結構邁向中高端。制造業是我們的優勢產業。要實施“中國制造2025”，堅持創新驅動、智能轉型、強化基礎、綠色發展，加快從制造大國轉向制造強國。采取財政貼息、加速折舊等措施，推動傳統產業技術改造。堅持有保有壓，化解過剩產能，支持企業兼并重組，在市場競爭中優勝劣汰。促進工業化和信息化深度融合，開發利用網絡化、數字化、智能化等技術，著力在一些關鍵領域搶占先機、取得突破。

We will move forward in industrial structural upgrading, aiming at a medium-high level.Manufacturing is a traditionally a strong area for Chinese industry.We will implement the “Made in China 2025” strategy;seek innovation-driven development;apply smart technologies;strengthen foundations;pursue green development;and redouble our efforts to upgrade China from a manufacturer of quantity to one of quality.We will provide subsidies and accelerate equipment depreciation to push forward the technological upgrading of traditional industries.We will ensure the development of some industries while restricting the growth of others, cut overcapacity, support business acquisitions and restructuring, and let market competition determine which businesses survive.We will promote the extensive application of information technologies in industrialization, develop and utilize networking, digitalization, and smart technologies, and work to develop certain key areas first and make breakthroughs in these areas.新興產業和新興業態是競爭高地。要實施高端裝備、信息網絡、集成電路、新能源、新材料、生物醫藥、航空發動機、燃氣輪機等重大項目，把一批新興產業培育成主導產業。制定“互聯網十”行動計劃，推動移動互聯網、云計算、大數據、物聯網等與現代制造業結合，促進電子商務、工業互聯網和互聯網金融健康發展，引導互聯網企業拓展國際市場。國家已設立 400 億元新興產業創業投資引導基金，要整合籌措更多資金，為產業創新加油助力。

Emerging industries and new types of businesses are areas of intense competition.We will launch major projects to develop high-end equipment, information networks, integrated circuits, new energy, new materials, biomedicines, aero engines, and gas turbines, helping a number of emerging industries to become leading ones.We will develop the “Internet Plus” action plan to integrate the mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data, and the Internet of Things with modern manufacturing, to encourage the healthy development of e-commerce, industrial networks, and Internet banking, and to guide Internet-based companies to increase their presence in the international market.In addition to the 40 billion yuan government fund already in place for investment in China's emerging industries, more funds need to be raised for promoting business development and innovation.服務業就業容量大，發展前景廣。要深化服務業改革開放，落實財稅、土地、價格等支持政策以及帶薪休假等制度，大力發展旅游、健康、養老、創意設計等生活和生產服務業。深化流通體制改革，加強大型農產品批發、倉儲和冷鏈等現代物流設施建設，努力大幅降低流通成本。

The service sector can provide an enormous amount of employment opportunities and has vast potential for development.We will deepen the reform and opening up of the service sector, and implement fiscal, tax, land, and pricing policies to support its development We will ensure that paid vacations are enforced, and channel great energy into developing tourism, health, elderly care, innovative design, and other better-living and production-related services.We will also deepen logistics reform, strengthen the building of modern logistics facilities such as large-scale wholesale, storage, arid cold chain facilities for agricultural produce, and work hard to achieve major reductions in logistics costs.以體制創新推動科技刨新。創新創造關鍵在人。要加快科技成果使用處置和收益管理改革，擴大股權和分紅激勵政策實施范圍，完善科技成果轉化、職務發明法律制度，使創新人才分享成果收益。制定促進科研人員流動政策，改革科技評價、職稱評定和國家獎勵制度，推進科研院所分類改革。引進國外高質量人才和智力。深入實施知識產權戰略行動計劃，堅決打擊侵權行為，切實保護發明創造，讓創新之樹枝繁葉茂。

We will use institutional innovation to drive scientific and technological innovation.It is people who make innovations and create things.We will speed up the reform to manage the use and commoditization of and the distribution of profit from scientific and technological advances of public institutions and extend the coverage of policies which allow for incentive mechanisms for innovation based on shares and dividends.Legislation on the commercialization of research and development deliverables arid on-the-job inventions should be improved so that inventors can enjoy a share of the returns on their inventions.We will formulate policies for encouraging the flow of researchers and engineers, reform the systems for assessing their achievements, for appraising them for the conferral of professional titles, and for granting national awards, and reform research institutions according to their functions.We will work to attract high-caliber foreign professionals and bring in other expertise from overseas.We will fully implement the action plan for carrying out the national strategy on intellectual property rights, crack down on infringements, and ensure inventions and creative work are thoroughly protected to keep innovation thriving.企業是技術創新的主體。要落實和完善企業研發費用加計扣除、高新技術企業扶持等普惠性政策，鼓勵企業增加創新投入。支持企業更多參與重大科技項目實施、科研平臺建設，推進企業主導的產學研協同創新。大力發展眾創空間，增設國家自主創新示范區，辦好國家高新區，發揮集聚創新要素的領頭羊作用。中小微企業大有可為，要扶上馬、送一程，使“草根”創新蔚然成風、遍地開花。

Enterprises play a leading role in technological innovation.We will implement and improve preferential policies, such as extra tax deductions for research and development costs and policies that support new-and high-technology enterprises, so as to encourage enterprises to increase their spending on innovation.We will encourage enterprise involvement in implementing major science and technology projects and building research platforms, and promote collaborative innovation by bringing together enterprises, academia, and research institutes, with enterprises playing the leading role.We will work hard to develop the right environment for creativity, establishing more national innovation demonstration zones, ensuring the smooth functioning of new-and high-technology national development zones, and enabling them to play a leading role in boosting innovation.Medium, small, and micro businesses can accomplish great things.We need to give them a leg up to get them going.With these efforts, China's grassroots innovation can sprout up arid grow strong, bringing flowers of creation to every field.提高創新效率重在優化科技資源配置。要改革中央財政科技計劃管理方式，建立公開統一的國家科技管理平臺。政府重點支持基礎研究、前沿技術和重大關鍵共性技術研究，鼓勵原始創新，加快實施國家科技重大項目，向社會全面開放重大科研基礎設施和大型科研儀器。把億萬人民的聰

明才智調動起來，就一定能夠迎來萬眾創新的浪潮。

To make innovation deliver, effective allocation of science and technology resources is crucial.We need to reform the management of science and technology plans funded by the central government to establish an open and unified national science and technology management platform.With the focus on supporting basic research, research in cutting-edge technologies, arid key technologies that have a broad application, the government will encourage original innovation and move faster to launch major national science and technology projects.We will enable open access to the country's major science and research infrastructure facilities as well as large-scale or costly research equipment.By giving free rein to the talent arid ingenuity of the Chinese people, we will welcome in a new high tide of popular innovation.五、持續推進民生改善和杜會建設

V.Making Sustained Efforts to Improve Living Standards and Promote Social Development 立國之道，惟在富民。要以增進民生福祉為目的，加快發展社會事業，改革完善收入分配制度，千方百計增加居民收入，促進社會公平正義與和諧進步。The only way to build a country is to enrich its people.With increasing people's quality of life as our objective, we will accelerate the development of social programs, reform and improve the income distribution system, do everything possible to increase people's incomes, and promote social equity, justice, harmony, and progress.著力促進創業就業。堅持就業優先，以創業帶動就業。今年高校畢業生 749 萬人，為歷史最高。要加強就業指導和創業教育，落實高校畢業生就業促進計劃，鼓勵到基層就業。實施好大學生創業引領計劃，支持到新興產業創業。做好結構調整、過剩產能化解中失業人員的再就業工作。統籌農村轉移勞動力、城鎮困難人員、退役軍人就業，實施農民工職業技能提升計劃，落實和完善失業保險支持企業穩定就業崗位政策。全面治理拖欠農民工工資問題，健全勞動監察和爭議處理機制，讓法律成為勞動者權益的守護神。

We will work hard to promote business development and increase employment.We will continue to give top priority to employment and the creation of jobs by encouraging entrepreneurship.This year, the number of college graduates will reach 7.49 million, a record high.We need to strengthen employment guidance and education on starting up in business;implement the plan to help college graduates find jobs and encourage them to look to the community level to find employment;and carry out the plan to guide university students toward starting their own businesses and support them in creating start-ups in emerging industries.We will work to help people who have lost their jobs due to structural adjustments or measures to address overcapacity to find new employment, and coordinate efforts to ensure employment can be found for people who move from rural to urban areas to find work, vulnerable urban residents who have difficulty finding jobs, and decommissioned military personnel.We will put into effect the plan on providing vocational training for migrant workers, and implement and improve the unemployment insurance policy on supporting enterprises that keep people in their jobs.We will draw on comprehensive governance to deal with the “missing” or delayed wages of migrant workers, improve the mechanisms for supervising the handling of labor issues and disputes, and ensure the law fully functions as the protector of the rights and interests of anyone in employment.加強社會保障和增加居民收入。企業退休人員基本養老金標準提高 10%。城鄉居民基礎養老金標準統一由 55 元提高到 70元。推進城鎮職工基礎養老金全國統籌。降低失業保險、工傷保險等繳費率。完善最低工資標準調整機制。落實機關事業單位養老保險制度改革措施，同步完善工資制度，對基層工作人員給予政策傾斜。在縣以下機關建立公務員職務和職級并行制度。加強重特大疾病醫療救助，全面實施臨時救助制度，讓遇到急難特困的群眾求助有門、受助及時。對困境兒童、高齡和失能老人、重度和貧困殘疾人等特困群體，健全福利保障制度和服務體系。繼續提高城鄉低保水平，提升優撫對象撫恤和生活補助標準。提高工資和保障標準等政策受益面廣，各級政府一定要落實到位。民之疾苦，國之要事，我們要竭盡全力，堅決把民生底線兜住兜牢。

We will strengthen social security and increase individual income.The basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees will be increased by 10%.The monthly basic pension benefits for rural and non-working urban residents will be uniformly raised from 55 yuan to 70 yuan per person.We will work to place the basic pensions of workers in urban areas under unified national management.The premiums will be lowered for insurance schemes such as the unemployment insurance scheme and the workplace injury insurance scheme.We will improve the mechanism for adjusting minimum wages.We will take steps to reform the pension system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions and at the same time improve their pay systems, and we will make policies weighted toward benefiting government and Party employees at the community level.A system will be instituted under which public servants of Party and government offices at and below the county level can be promoted in terms of both their post and their rank, and are paid accordingly.We will increase aid for treating major and serious diseases and implement the temporary-assistance scheme nationwide so that people with urgent or special needs will have somewhere to go for support, and will be able to get that support straight away.We will develop sound welfare and service systems for vulnerable groups including children living in difficult circumstances, the very elderly, elderly people with disabilities, people with serious disabilities, and people with disabilities who are living in poverty.We will continue to raise subsistence: allowances for rural and urban residents and increase benefits and living allowances for entitled groups.Policies for increasing wages and social security benefits have a bearing on a great number of people;their implementation by governments at all levels must be completely satisfactory.Ensuring people's wellbeing is a top priority for the government, and we must do all we can to make sure that basic needs are met.促進教育公平發展和質量提升。教育是今天的事業、明天的希望。要堅持立德樹人，增強學生的社會責任感、創新精神、實踐能力，培養中國特色社會主義建設者和接班人。深化省級政府教育統籌改革、高等院校綜合改革和考試招生制度改革。加快義務教育學校標準化建設，改善薄弱學校和寄宿制學校基本辦學條件。落實農民工隨遷子女在流入地接受義務教育政策，完善后續升學政策。全面推進現代職業教育體系建設。引導部分地方本科高校向應用型轉變，通過對口支援等方式支持中西部高等教育發展，繼續提高中西部地區和人口大省高考錄取率。建設世界一流大學和一流學科。加強特殊教育、學前教育、繼續教育和民族地區各類教育。促進民辦教育健康發展。為切實把教育事業辦好，我們要保證投入，花好每一分錢，暢通農村和貧困地區學子縱向流動的渠道，讓每個人都有機會通過教育改變自身命運。

We will promote fair access to and strengthen the quality of education.Education is an endeavor for today, but a source of hope for tomorrow.We need to foster virtue through education and ensure that students develop a strong sense of social responsibility, innovative thinking, and ail ability to put ideas into practice.We should ensure that students strengthen their dedication to socialism with Chinese characteristics.We will deepen the reform to expand the responsibility of provincial-level governments over local education, the comprehensive reform of colleges and universities, as well as the reform of the school examination arid enrollment systems.We will move more quickly to help all schools providing compulsory education to meet standards, and improve basic conditions in boarding schools and schools that are poorly built and operated.We will implement the policy of enabling the children of migrant workers to receive compulsory education in the cities and towns where they and their parents live and improve policies that enable them to continue on into secondary and college education.We will work to comprehensively promote the development of a modern vocational education system.We will guide a number of local undergraduate institutions to transform themselves into applied colleges.We will support the development of higher education in the central and western regions by offering them assistance through pairing programs, and continue to raise the admission rate for those taking the college entrance exams in the central and western regions and in provinces with larger populations.We will work to develop world-class universities and disciplines.We will strengthen education for those with special learning needs, preschool education, continuing education, arid all types of education in areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities.We will work to promote the healthy development of privately run educational institutions.In order to provide good education, we must guarantee funding and ensure that every yuan is well spent.We should clear any obstructions to upwards mobility for students from rural or poor areas, and ensure that each and every person has the opportunity to change their life through education.加快健全基本醫療衛生制度。完善城鄉居民基本醫保，財政補助標準由每人每年 320 元提高到 380 元，基本實現居民醫療費用省內直接結算，穩步推行退休人員醫療費用跨省直接結算。全面實施城鄉居民大病保險制度。深化基層醫療衛生機構綜合改革，加強全科醫生制度建設，完善分級診療體系。全面推開縣級公立醫院綜合改革，在 100 個地級以上城市進行公立醫院改革試點，破除以藥補醫，降低虛高藥價，合理調整醫療服務價格，通過醫保支付等方式平衡費用，努力減輕群眾負擔。鼓勵醫生到基層多點執業，發展社會辦醫。開展省級深化醫改綜合試點。加快建立醫療糾紛預防調解機制。人均基本公共衛生服務經費補助標準由 35 元提高到 40 元，增量全部用于支付村醫的基本公共衛生服務，方便幾億農民就地就近看病就醫。加強重大疾病防拉。積極發展中醫藥和民族醫藥事業。推進計劃生育服務管理改革。健康是群眾的基本需求，我們要不斷提高醫療衛生水平，打造健康中國。

We will work more quickly to improve the basic medical and healthcare systems.We will improve basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents, and increase the annual government subsidy for this insurance from 320 yuan to 380 yuan per person.We will basically complete the task of enabling on-the-spot settlement of medical expenses incurred anywhere within the provincial-level administrative area where one's insurance is registered, and steadily work toward enabling retirees to have their medical expenses settled on the spot in whichever provincial-level administrative area they are living.We will fully implement the major disease insurance scheme for rural and non-working urban residents.We will work to deepen the comprehensive reform of community-level medical and healthcare institutions, strengthen the general practitioner system, and improve the system of tiered diagnosis and treatment.We will fully implement the comprehensive reform of county-level public hospitals, and trial public hospital reform in 100 cities at or above the prefecture level.We will put a stop to the practice of charging more for medicines to make up for low prices for medical services, lower extortionate prices on medicines, make appropriate adjustme nts to medical service prices, and take measures such as reforming medical insurance payouts to control costs of medical services, thereby lightening the burden that medical expenses place on people.We will encourage doctors to practice in community-level clinics in addition to their regular practice and help the development of nongovernmental hospitals.We will launch comprehensive pilot projects for deepening medical reform at the provincial level.We will move faster in setting up mechanisms for preempting and mediating medical disputes.We will increase the annual subsidy for government expenditures on basic public health services from 35 yuan to 40 yuan per capita, with the entire additional sum to be used for paying for rural doctors to provide basic public health services;this will allow large numbers of rural residents to enjoy better access to local medical services.We will strengthen the prevention and control of major diseases.We will actively develop traditional Chinese medicine and the traditional medicine of ethnic minorities, and advance the reform of family planning services and the way they are managed.Good health is a basic public necessity, so we must work consistently to raise the standard of medical and healthcare services to create a healthy China.讓人民群眾享有更多文化發展成果。文化是民族的精神命脈和創造源泉。要踐行社會主義核心價值觀，弘揚中華優秀傳統文化。繁榮發展哲學社會科學，發展文學藝術、新聞出版、廣播影視、檔案等事業，重視文物、非物質文化遺產保護。提供更多優秀文藝作品，倡導全民閱讀，建設書香社會。逐步推進基本公共文化服務標準化均等化，擴大公共文化設施免費開放范圍，發揮基層綜合性文化服務中心作用。深化文化體制改革，促進傳統媒體與新興媒體融合發展。拓展中外人文交流，加強國際傳播能力建設。發展全民健身、競技體育和體育產業，做好 2022 年冬奧會申辦工作。

We will enable people to enjoy more of the fruits of cultural development Culture is the lifeblood of a nation and a source of innovation.We will put into practice core socialist values and promote fine traditional Chinese culture.We will encourage philosophy and the social sciences to flourish and promote the development of literature and art;the press and publishing;radio, television, and film;archiving;and other cultural programs.We will work to protect cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage.We will ensure that more outstanding works of literature and art are created for the people to enjoy, and encourage a love of reading in all our people to build a nation of avid readers.We will make steady progress in providing basic public cultural services in a standard and equitable way, allow free admission to more public cultural facilities, and ensure multipurpose cultural service centers play a key role in local communities.We will deepen the structural reform of the cultural sector and promote the integrated development of traditional and emerging media.We will expand cultural exchanges with other countries and improve our ability to communicate effectively with international audiences.We will develop public fitness programs, competitive sports, and the sports industry, and work toward putting in a strong bid to host the 2022 Winter Olympics.加強和創新社會治理。深化社會組織管理制度改革，加快行業協會商會與行政機關脫鉤。支持群團組織依法參與社會治理，發展專業社會工作、志愿服務和慈善事業。鼓勵社會力量興辦養老設施，發展社區和居家養老。為農村留守兒童、婦女、老人提供關愛服務，建立未成年人社會保護制度。提高公共突發事件防范處置和防災救災減災能力。做好地震、氣象、測繪、地質等工作。深入開展法治宣傳教育，加強人民調解工作，完善法律援助制度，落實重大決策社會穩定風險評估機制，有效預防和化解社會矛盾。把信訪納入法治軌道，及時就地解決群眾合理訴求。深化平安中國建設，健全立體化社會治安防控體系，依法懲治暴恐、黃賭毒、邪教、走私等犯罪行為，發展和規范網絡空間籮確保國家安全和公共安全。人的生命最為寶貴，要采取更堅決措施，全方位強化安全生產，全過程保障食品藥品安全。

We will strengthen and make innovations in social governance.We will deepen reform of the management of social organizations, and accelerate efforts to untie industry associations and chambers of commerce from any connections they may have with the government.We will support the participation of popular organizations in social governance in accordance with the law.We will develop specialized social work, volunteer services, and charities.We will encourage the opening of nongovernmental elderly care facilities, and develop community-based and at-home elderly care.We will provide support and services for children, women, and older people who remain in rural areas while their family members move to work in urban areas, and establish a system of social protection for minors.We will improve our ability to prevent and handle public emergencies and to prevent, respond to, arid mitigate disasters.We will ensure that work in seismology, meteorology, surveying, mapping, and geology is all carried out to good effect.We will make intensive efforts to increase public awareness of the rule of law, improve the effectiveness of people's mediation, and improve the system of legal aid.We will ensure that potential risks which major policy decisions may pose to social stability are fully assessed so as to effectively prevent and resolve social conflicts.We will ensure that the handling of public complaints filed through letters and visits is brought into line with the rule of law, and see to it that all justified complaints and demands are resolved promptly arid locally.We will uphold law and order in China;improve the multidimensional system for crime prevention and control;punish violent terrorism, pornography, gambling, drug abuse and trafficking, cult activity, smuggling, and other crimes in accordance with the law;develop and regulate cyberspace;and ensure national and public security.Life is priceless;we must take stronger measures to ensure workplace safety in all fields, and ensure food and medicine safety throughout the production process.打好節能減排和環境治理攻堅戰。環境污染是民生之患、民心之痛，要鐵腕治理。今年，二氧化碳排放強度要降低 3.1%以上，化學需氧量、氨氮排放都要減少 2%左右，二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放要分別減少 3%左右和 5%左右。深入實施大氣污染防治行動計劃，實行區域聯防聯控，推動燃煤電廠超低排放改造，促進重點區域煤炭消費零增長。推廣新能源汽車，治理機動車尾氣，提高油品標準和質量，在重點區域內重點城市全面供應國五標準車用汽柴油。2005 年底前注冊營運的黃標車要全部淘汰。積極應對氣候變化，擴大碳排放權交易試點。實施水污染防治行動計劃，加強江河湖海水污染、水污染源和農業面源污染治理，實行從水源地到水龍頭全過程監管。推行環境污染第三方治理。做好環保稅立法工作。我們一定要嚴格環境執法，對偷排偷放者出重拳，讓其付出沉重的代價;對姑息縱容者嚴問貴，使其受到應有的處罰。

We will fight to win the battle of conserving energy, reducing emissions, and improving the environment.Environmental pollution is a blight on people's quality of life and a trouble that weighs on their hearts.We must fight it with all our might.This year, we will cut the intensity of carbon dioxide by at least 3.1 %, reduce both chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions by around 2%, and reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides by around 3% and 5% respectively.We will fully implement the action plan for preventing and controlling air pollution;carry out coordinated inter-regional prevention and control efforts;upgrade coal-burning power plants to achieve ultra-low emissions;and strive for zero-growth in the consumption of coal in key areas of the country;We will promote the use of new-energy vehicles, reduce vehicle exhaust emissions, raise the national production standards for and improve the quality of fuel, and provide motor gasoline and diesel fuel that meets National-V standards to all key cities in key areas.We will remove from the roads all high-emission commercial vehicles registered before the end of 2005.We will actively respond to climate change and expand the trials for trading carbon emissions rights.We will implement the action plan for preventing and controlling water pollution;strengthen control over pollution in rivers, lakes, seas, water pollution sources, and pollution from nonpoint agricultural sources;and ensure the safety of drinking water by carrying out oversight over the whole process, from the source to the tap.We will introduce third party governance in the handling of environmental pollution.We will work on the legislation for environmental protection tax.We must strictly enforce environmental laws and regulations;crack down on those guilty of creating illegal emissions and ensure they pay a heavy price for such offenses;and hold those who allow illegal emissions to account, punishing them accordingly.能源生產和消費革命，關乎發展與民生。要大力發展風電、光伏發電、生物質能，積極發展水電，安全發展核電，開發利用頁巖氣、煤層氣。拉制能源消費總量，加強工業、交通、建筑等重點領域節能。積極發展循環經濟，大力推進工業廢物和生活垃圾資源化利用。我國節能環保市場潛力巨大，要把節能環保產業打造成新興的支柱產業。

Revolution in energy generation and consumption is vital to any country's development and to the wellbeing of its people.In China, we will put great weight behind the development of wind power, photovoltaic power, and biomass energy, work actively to develop hydropower, stress safety in developing nuclear power, and exploit and utilize shale gas and coal seam gas.We will set a ceiling on total energy consumption and strengthen energy conservation in key areas such as manufacturing, transportation, and construction.We will work hard to develop a circular economy and promote the recovery of resources from industrial and household waste.There is enormous potential in China's market for energy conservation and environmental protection;we will develop the energy conservation and environmental protection industry into a new pillar of the economy.森林草原、江河濕地是大自然賜予人類的綠色財富，必須倍加珍惜。要推進重大生態工程建設，拓展重點生態功能區，辦好生態文明先行示范區，開展國土江河綜合整治試點，擴大流域上下游橫向補償機制試點，保護好三江源。擴大天然林保護范圍，有序停止天然林商業性采伐。今年新增退耕還林還草 1000 萬畝，造林 9000 萬畝。生態環保貴在行動、成在堅持，我們必須緊抓不松勁，一定要實現藍天常在、綠水長流、永續發展。

Forests, grasslands, rivers, and wetlands are ecological riches arid gifts of nature that we must take greater care to cherish.We will carry out major ecological projects;extend key eco-function zones;work to establish zones that demonstrate best practices for promoting a sound ecology;carry out pilot projects to improve the overall condition of rivers;expand the trial of having localities situated on the upper and lower reaches of river basins compensate each other for their impact on water quality;and ensure the sources of the Yangtze, Yellow, and Lancang rivers are effectively preserved.We will expand the areas of natural forests under protection, and work in a planned way to put a stop to commercial logging in these forests.This year, we will return an additional 666,667 hectares of marginal farmland back to forest or grassland, and afforest 6 million more hectares of land.In ecological protection, progress comes only through action, and success only through persistence.We must take a firm and unrelenting approach in this work, to ensure we always have blue skies, lucid waters, and sustainable development.六、切實加強政府自身建設 VI.Improving Government 我們要全面推進依法治國，加快建設法治政府、創新政府、廉潔政府和服務型政府，增強政府執行力和公信力，促進國家治理體系和治理能力現代化。

We will fully promote the law-based governance of the country;move more swiftly to build an innovative, clean, service-oriented rule of law government;enhance the government's administrative capacity and public credibility;and modernize China's governance system and capacity for governance.堅持依憲施政，依法行政，把政府工作全面納入法治軌道。憲法是我們根本的活動準則，各級政府及其工作人員都必須嚴格遵守。要尊法學法守法用法，依法全面雇行職責，所有行政行為都要于法有據，任何政府部門都不得法外設權。深化行政執法體制改革，嚴格規范公正文明執法，加快推進綜合執法，全面落實行政執法責任制。一切違法違規的行為都要追究，一切執法不嚴不公的現象都必須糾正。

We will exercise governance in accordance with the Constitution and other laws and bring all government work in line with the rule of law.The Constitution is the fundamental guide on which our every action should be based;governments at all levels and their employees must faithfully observe it.We must respect, study, abide by, and apply the law, and fully perform our duties in accordance with it.All government activities must have a legal basis, arid no government body may assume any power which is not provided for by law.We will deepen reform of the administrative law enforcement system, enforce the law in a strict, well-regulated, impartial, and appropriate manner, press ahead with coordinated law enforcement, and fully implement the accountability system for administrative law enforcement.We must see to it that all violations of laws arid regulations are investigated and prosecuted, arid all failures to strictly and impartially enforce the law are rectified.堅持創新管理，強化服務，著力提高政府效能。提供基本公共服務盡量采用購買服務方式，第三方可提供的事務性管理服務交給市場或社會去辦。積極推進決策科學化民主化，重視發揮智庫作用。全面實行政務公開，推廣電子政務和網上辦事。各級政府要自覺接受同級人大及其常委會的監督，接受人民政協的民主監督，認真聽取人大代表、民主黨派、工商聯、無黨派人士和各人民團體的意見。我們的所有工作都要全面接受人民的監督，充分體現人民的意愿。

We will develop new ways of conducting regulation, strengthen services, and work to improve government performance.In basic public services, we need to do all we can to use service procurement as the means of provision, and routine services that can be provided by a third party should be handed over to the market or society.We will work to ensure decisions are made in a sound and democratic way and place importance on the role of think tanks.We will fully put into practice transparency in government affairs and promote the Use of e-government and online administration.All levels of governments must actively accept oversight by people's congresses and their standing committees at their respective administrative level;accept the democratic oversight of CPPCC committees;and earnestly solicit the views of deputies to people's congresses, non-CPC parties, federations of industry and commerce, public figures without party affiliation, and people's organizations.All our work must be subject to the people's oversight and be done in the way they expect it to be done.堅持依法用權，倡儉治奢，深入推進黨風廉政建設和反腐敗工作。認真落實黨中央八項規定精神，堅持不懈糾正“四風”，繼續嚴格執行國務院“約法三章”。腐敗現象的一個共同特征就是權力尋租，要以權力瘦身為廉政強身，緊緊扎住制度圍欄，堅決打掉尋租空間，努力鏟除腐敗土壤。加強行政監察，發揮審計監督作用，對公共資金、公共資源、國有資產嚴加監管。始終保持反腐高壓態勢，對腐敗分子零容忍、嚴查處。對腐敗行為，無論出現在領導機關，還是發生在群眾身邊，都必須嚴加懲治。We will exercise power in accordance with the law, encourage thrift and oppose extravagance, arid, work painstakingly to improve Party conduct, promote integrity, arid fight corruption.We will work conscientiously to implement the CPC Central Committee's eight-point decision on improving Party and government conduct;work tirelessly to oppose formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance;and continue to strictly enforce the State Council's three-point decision on curbing government spending.As rent-seeking is a feature common to all types of corruption, we will shed powers to make government cleaner, truss up the institutional fencing, and resolutely eliminate any room for rent-seeking, thus eradicating the breeding grounds of corruption.We will intensify government supervision, make full use of auditing oversight, and strictly monitor public funds, public resources, and state-owned assets.Our tough stance on corruption is here to stay;our tolerance for corruption is zero, and anyone guilty of corruption will be dealt with seriously.We will see to it that every instance of corruption, should it be committed higher up or lower down, is severely punished.堅持主動作為，狠抓落實，切實做到勤政為民。經濟發展進入新常態，精神面貌要有新狀態。廣大公務員特別是領導干部要始終把為人民謀發展增福祉作為最大責任，始終把現代化建設使命扛在肩上，始終把群眾冷暖憂樂放在心頭。各級政府要切實履行職責，狠抓貫徹落實，創造性開展工作。完善政績考核評價機制，對實績突出的，要大力褒獎；對工作不力的，要約談誡勉；對為官不為、懶政怠政的，要公開曝光、堅決追究責任。

We will take an active approach to our work, focus on implementation, and work with diligence for the people.China's economic development has entered a new normal, meaning we must adopt a new attitude.All public servants, especially officials, should always treat it as their greatest responsibility to promote development that benefits the people, carry the task of modernization on their shoulders, and keep the wellbeing of the people at the forefront of their minds Governments at all levels must fully perform their functions and responsibilities, ensure thorough implementation, and be creative in their work.We will work to improve the mechanisms for assessing performance, and commend those who perform well, admonish those who do not, and expose and hold to account those who are indolent, sloppy, or neglectful of their duties.各位代表！Fellow Deputies, 我國是統一的多民族國家，鞏固和發展平等團結互助和諧的社會主義民族關系，是全國各族人民的根本利益和共同責任。要堅持和完善民族區域自治制度，加大對欠發達的民族地區支持力度，扶持人口較少民族發展，推進興邊富民行動，保護和發展少數民族優秀傳統文化及特色村鎮，促進各民族交往交流交融。組織好西藏自治區成立50周年和新疆維吾爾自治區成立60周年慶祝活動。各族人民和睦相處、和衷共濟、和諧發展，中華民族大家庭一定會更加繁榮昌盛、幸福安康。

China is a unified country of many ethnic groups.Working to enhance and develop socialist ethnic relations featuring equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony is the joint responsibility and in the fundamental interests of everyone.We will uphold and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, increase support for underdeveloped areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities, and aid the growth of ethnic minorities with smaller populations.We will work to boost development in border regions and improve living standards there.We will see to it that the fine traditional Culture of our ethnic minorities and distinctively ethnic villages and towns are preserved and developed, and promote interaction, communication, and integration between ethnic groups.We will work to successfully mark the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Tibet Autonomous Region and the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.With people of all our ethnic groups living together as one, sharing in a common cause, and developing together in harmony, the big family of the Chinese nation will enjoy greater prosperity, peace, and happiness.我們要全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，促進宗教關系和諧，維護宗教界合法權益，發揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進經濟社會發展中的積極作用。

We will fully implement the Party's basic policy on religion, promote harmonious relations between religions, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the religious community, and ensure that religious leaders and believers play a positive role in promoting economic and social development.我們要更好發揮海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷參與祖國現代化建設、促進祖國和平統一、推進中外交流合作的獨特作用，使海內外中華兒女的向心力不斷增強。

We need to ensure that overseas Chinese nationals, overseas Chinese nationals who have returned to China, and the relatives of overseas Chinese nationals who themselves live in China can all perform better the unique role they have to play in modernizing China, advancing its peaceful reunification, and promoting exchange and cooperation between China and other countries.We need to strengthen the bonds of attachment and affection of all Chinese, whether at home or overseas, to our motherland.各位代表！Fellow Deputies, 建設鞏固的國防和強大的軍隊，是維護國家主權、安全和發展利益的根本保障。要緊緊圍繞黨在新形勢下的強軍目標，堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導的根本原則，統籌抓好各方面各領域軍事斗爭準備，保持邊防海防空防穩定。全面加強現代后勤建設，加大國防科研和高新技術武器裝備建設力度，發展國防科技工業。深化國防和軍隊改革，提高國防和軍隊建設法治化水平。加強現代化武裝警察力量建設。增強全民國防意識，推進國防動員和后備力量建設。堅持國防建設和經濟建設協調發展，促進軍民融合深度發展。各級政府要始終如一地關心和支持國防和軍隊建設，堅定不移地鞏固和促進軍政軍民團結。

Building a solid national defense and strong armed forces is fundamental to safeguarding China's sovereignty, security, and developmental interests.We must keep to the Party's goal of strengthening the armed forces under the new conditions, uphold the fundamental principle of the Party's absolute leadership over the armed forces, strengthen our efforts in all areas in a coordinated way to maintain military preparedness, and ensure border, coastal, and air defense stability.We will comprehensively strengthen modern logistics, step up national defense research and development of new-and high-technology weapons and equipment, and develop defense related science and technology industries.We will deepen the reform of national defense and the armed forces, and increase the level of rule of law in their development.We will strengthen efforts to modernize the armed police forces.We will raise public awareness of the importance of national defense, and improve mobilization for national defense and the building of reserve forces.We will coordinate national defense development and economic development and deepen the integration of the military and civil sectors.Governments at all levels must always take an active interest in and support the strengthening of our national defense and armed forces, and remain committed to consolidating and increasing the unity between the government and the armed for ces and between the people and the armed forces.各位代表！Fellow Deputies, 我們將堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治方針，嚴格依照憲法和基本法辦事。全力支持香港、澳門特別行政區行政長官和政府依法施政，發展經濟，改善民生，推進民主，促進和諧。加強內地與港澳各領域交流合作，繼續發揮香港、澳門在國家改革開放和現代化建設中的特殊作用。我們堅信，有中央政府一以貫之的大力支持，不斷提升港澳自身競爭力，香港、澳門就一定能夠保持長期繁榮穩定。

We will steadfastly carry out the principles of “one country, two systems,” the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong, the people of Macao governing Macao, and both regions enjoying a high degree of autonomy, and we will strictly comply with the Constitution and the basic laws of these two regions.We will give full support to the chief executives and governments of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions in governing their regions in accordance with the law, growing the economy, improving people's standard of living, advancing democracy, and promoting social harmony.We will ensure that the mainland and the two regions develop more exchange and cooperation in all fields, and that the two regions continue to play their special role in the country's reform, Opening up, arid modernization.We are confident that with the central government continuing its strong support for Hong Kong and Macao, and with continuous improvements to their own competitiveness, these two regions will enjoy long-term prosperity and stability.我們將堅持對臺工作大政方針，鞏固兩岸堅持“九二共識”、反對“臺獨”的政治基礎，保持兩岸關系和平發展正確方向。努力推進兩岸協商對話，推動經濟互利融合，加強基層和青少年交流。依法保護臺灣同胞權益，讓更多民眾分享兩岸關系和平發展成果。我們期待兩岸同胞不斷增進了解互信，密切骨肉親情，拉近心理距離，為實現祖國和平統一貢獻力量。我們堅信，兩岸關系和平發展是不可阻擋、不可逆轉的歷史潮流。

We will adhere to our policies concerning Taiwan and work to strengthen the political foundation of both sides of the Straits, upholding the 1992 Consensus and opposing the independence of Taiwan, and keep cross-Straits relations on the right course in peaceful development.We will strive to make progress in discussion and dialogue between the two sides of the Straits, advance cross-Straits economic integration for mutual benefit, and promote local and youth exchanges.We will protect the rights and interests of our compatriots from Taiwan in accordance with the law, and see that the fruits of peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations benefit more people.We hope that our compatriots on both sides of the Straits will continue to strengthen mutual understanding and trust, deepen their bonds of kinship, bring hearts and minds closer together, and work together to achieve China's peaceful reunification.We are firmly confident that the peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations is a historical trend that can be neither resisted nor reversed.各位代表！Fellow Deputies, 我們將繼續高舉和平發展合作共贏旗幟，統籌國內國際兩個大局，始終不渝走和平發展道路，始終不渝奉行互利共贏開放戰略，堅決維護國家主權安全發展利益，維護我國公民和法人海外合法權益，推動建立以合作共贏為核心的新型國際關系。深化與各大國戰略對話和務實合作，構建健康穩定的大國關系框架。全面推進周邊外交，打造周邊命運共同體。加強同發展中國家團結合作，維護共同利益。積極參與國際多邊事務，推動國際體系和秩序朝著更加公正合理方向發展。辦好紀念世界反法西斯戰爭和中國人民抗日戰爭勝利70周年相關活動，同國際社會共同維護二戰勝利成果和國際公平正義。我們愿與世界各國攜手并肩，維護更加持久的和平，建設更加繁榮的世界。

We will continue to hold high the banner of peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit, and coordinate China's domestic and international efforts.We remain fully committed to peaceful development and pursuing a win-win strategy of opening up.We will resolutely safeguard China's sovereignty, security, and developmental interests, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens and legal persons overseas.We will help develop a new type of international relations based on mutual benefit and cooperation, work to deepen strategic dialogue and practical cooperation with other major countries, and work to build a sound and stable framework for major-country relations.We will work comprehensively to make progress in neighborhood diplomacy and work to create a community with a common future with our neighbors.We will work to strengthen unity and cooperation with other developing countries and protect our common interests.We will actively participate in international and multilateral affairs and work to make both the international system and the international order more just and equitable.We will host events to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the victory in the world's war against fascism and in the Chinese people's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and work together with other members of the international community to uphold the victory of World War II and international justice.China is willing to work hand in hand with all other countries to sustain enduring peace and build a more prosperous world.各位代表！Fellow Deputies, 時代賦予中國發展興盛的歷史機遇。讓我們緊密團結在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央周圍，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，凝神聚力，開拓創新，努力完成今年經濟社會發展目標任務，為實現“兩個一百年”奮斗目標、建成富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現代化國家、實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢作出新的更大貢獻！

This is an era that has given to China a historic opportunity for development and prosperity.Let us rally closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and work together to break new ground.Let us endeavor to accomplish this year's objectives and tasks for economic and social development.By doing so, we will make new and greater contributions toward achieving the Two Centenary Goals and realizing the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

第二篇：兩會時間【15】2018年《政府工作報告》(中英對照)

兩會時間【15】2018年《政府工作報告》（中英對照）

小編按：3月22日，新華社受權全文播發李克強總理代表國務院在十三屆全國人大一次會議上所作的《政府工作報告》。報告全文中英文對照如下：政府工作報告——2018年3月5日在第十三屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議上國務院總理 李克強

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT Delivered at the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress of the

People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2018 Li Keqiang

Premier of the State Council各位代表：Fellow Deputies，現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告過去五年政府工作，對今年工作提出建議，請予審議，并請全國政協委員提出意見。

On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the government’s work of the past five years and lay out what we propose for this year’s work for your deliberation and approval.I also invite comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、過去五年工作回顧

I will begin with a review of our work over the past five years.第十二屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議以來的五年，是我國發展進程中極不平凡的五年。面對極其錯綜復雜的國內外形勢，以習近平同志為核心的黨中央團結帶領全國各族人民砥礪前行，統籌推進“五位一體”總體布局，協調推進“四個全面”戰略布局，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設全面開創新局面。黨的十九大確立了習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想的歷史地位，制定了決勝全面建成小康社會、奪取新時代中國特色社會主義偉大勝利的宏偉藍圖和行動綱領，具有重大現實意義和深遠歷史意義。各地區各部門不斷增強政治意識、大局意識、核心意識、看齊意識，深入貫徹落實新發展理念，“十二五”規劃勝利完成，“十三五”規劃順利實施，經濟社會發展取得歷史性成就、發生歷史性變革。

The five years since the first session of the 12th National People’s Congress(NPC)have been a truly remarkable five years in the course of our country’s development.Facing an extremely complex environment both at home and abroad, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, has rallied and led the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to forge ahead.We have moved forward in a coordinated manner with the five-sphere integrated plan(The five-sphere integrated plan is a plan to promote coordinated economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological advancement.)and the four-pronged comprehensive strategy,(The four-pronged comprehensive strategy is a strategy of comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance law-based governance, and strengthen Party self-governance.)and made new advances on all fronts of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization;

At its 19th National Congress, the Party established the position in history of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and mapped out an inspiring blueprint and a program of action for securing a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and for striving for the success of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era.This is of great immediate significance and far-reaching historical significance.All regions and all government departments have strengthened their consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment.The new development philosophy has been thoroughly acted upon, the 12th Five-Year Plan has been successfully completed, and implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan has seen smooth progress.In economic and social development we have made historic achievements and seen historic change.五年來，經濟實力躍上新臺階。國內生產總值從54萬億元增加到82.7萬億元，年均增長7.1%，占世界經濟比重從11.4%提高到15%左右，對世界經濟增長貢獻率超過30%。財政收入從11.7萬億元增加到17.3萬億元。居民消費價格年均上漲1.9%，保持較低水平。城鎮新增就業6600萬人以上，13億多人口的大國實現了比較充分就業。

Over the past five years, economic strength has reached a new high.China’s gross domestic product(GDP)has risen from 54 trillion to 82.7 trillion yuan, registering average annual growth of 7.1 percent;and its share in the global economy has grown to roughly 15 percent, up from 11.4 percent.China’s contribution to global growth has exceeded 30 percent.Government revenue has increased from 11.7 trillion to 17.3 trillion yuan.Consumer prices have risen at an average annual rate of 1.9 percent, maintaining a relatively low level of growth.More than 66 million new urban jobs have been added, and our country, with its population of over 1.3 billion, has achieved relatively full employment.五年來，經濟結構出現重大變革。消費貢獻率由54.9%提高到58.8%，服務業比重從45.3%上升到51.6%，成為經濟增長主動力。高技術制造業年均增長11.7%。糧食生產能力達到1.2萬億斤。城鎮化率從52.6%提高到58.5%，8000多萬農業轉移人口成為城鎮居民。

Over the past five years, the structure of the Chinese economy has seen a major transformation.With the share of the service sector rising from 45.3 to 51.6 percent of the economy, consumption’s contribution to growth has increased from 54.9 to 58.8 percent, becoming the main driver of growth.High-tech manufacturing has achieved an average annual increase of 11.7 percent, and the annual grain yield has reached 600 million metric tons.China’s urbanization rate has risen from 52.6 to 58.5 percent, and more than 80 million people who have relocated from rural to urban areas have gained permanent urban residency.五年來，創新驅動發展成果豐碩。全社會研發投入年均增長11%，規模躍居世界第二位。科技進步貢獻率由52.2%提高到57.5%。載人航天、深海探測、量子通信、大飛機等重大創新成果不斷涌現。高鐵網絡、電子商務、移動支付、共享經濟等引領世界潮流。“互聯網+”廣泛融入各行各業。大眾創業、萬眾創新蓬勃發展，日均新設企業由5千多戶增加到1萬6千多戶。快速崛起的新動能，正在重塑經濟增長格局、深刻改變生產生活方式，成為中國創新發展的新標志。

Over the past five years, innovation-driven development has yielded fruitful outcomes.China’s investment in research and development(R&D)has grown at an average annual rate of 11 percent, ranking second in the world in scale.The contribution of technological advances to economic growth has risen from 52.2 to 57.5 percent.In manned spaceflight, deep-water exploration, quantum communications, large aircraft development, and more, China has seen a stream of major outcomes of innovation.In high-speed rail, e-commerce, mobile payments, and the sharing economy, China is leading the world.The Internet Plus model has permeated many different fields and industries.Business startups and innovation are thriving all over the country, and the average number of new businesses opened daily has risen from over 5,000 to more than 16,000.Rapidly emerging new growth drivers are reshaping China’s growth model, are profoundly changing the way we live and work, and have become a new hallmark of China’s innovation-driven development.五年來，改革開放邁出重大步伐。改革全面發力、多點突破、縱深推進，重要領域和關鍵環節改革取得突破性進展，主要領域改革主體框架基本確立。簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務等改革推動政府職能發生深刻轉變，市場活力和社會創造力明顯增強。“一帶一路”建設成效顯著，對外貿易和利用外資結構優化、規模穩居世界前列。

Over the past five years, significant headway has been made in reform and opening up.In reform, we have made strong moves across the board, secured major advances in many areas, and driven deeper in pursuing progress, making breakthroughs in reforms in important fields and at key links and seeing that in the main areas the general frameworks for reform are basically established.Reforms to streamline administration and delegate powers, improve regulation, and optimize services, have driven profound shifts in the functions of government, and significantly strengthened market dynamism and public creativity.Notable achievements have been made in the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).The composition of both Chinese foreign trade and foreign investment in China has been improved, with volumes ranking among the largest in the world.五年來，人民生活持續改善。脫貧攻堅取得決定性進展，貧困人口減少6800多萬，易地扶貧搬遷830萬人，貧困發生率由10.2%下降到3.1%。居民收入年均增長7.4%、超過經濟增速，形成世界上人口最多的中等收入群體。出境旅游人次由8300萬增加到1億3千多萬。教育事業全面發展。社會養老保險覆蓋9億多人，基本醫療保險覆蓋13.5億人，織就了世界上最大的社會保障網。人均預期壽命達到76.7歲。棚戶區住房改造2600多萬套，農村危房改造1700多萬戶，上億人喜遷新居。

Over the past five years, living standards have been constantly improving.We have made decisive progress in the fight against poverty: More than 68 million people have been lifted out of poverty, including a total of 8.3 million relocated from inhospitable areas, and the poverty headcount ratio has dropped from 10.2 to 3.1 percent.Personal income has increased by an annual average of 7.4 percent, outpacing economic growth and creating the world’s largest middle-income group.Tourist departures have grown from 83 million to over 130 million.Education has seen all-around development.Social old-age pension schemes now cover more than 900 million people, and basic health insurance plans cover 1.35 billion people, forming the largest social safety net in the world.On average, life expectancy has reached 76.7 years.Over 26 million housing units have been rebuilt in rundown urban areas and more than 17 million dilapidated houses have been renovated in rural areas, with the result that more than one hundred million Chinese have moved into new homes.五年來，生態環境狀況逐步好轉。制定實施大氣、水、土壤污染防治三個“十條”并取得扎實成效。單位國內生產總值能耗、水耗均下降20%以上，主要污染物排放量持續下降，重點城市重污染天數減少一半，森林面積增加1.63億畝，沙化土地面積年均縮減近2000平方公里，綠色發展呈現可喜局面。

Over the past five years, the environment has seen gradual improvement.To address air, water, and soil pollution, we have designed and enforced a ten-point list of measures for each and achieved solid progress.Both energy and water consumption per unit of GDP have fallen more than 20 percent, the release of major pollutants has been consistently declining, and the number of days of heavy air pollution in key cities has fallen 50 percent.Forest coverage has increased by 10.87 million hectares, and the area of desertified land has been reduced by close to 2,000 square kilometers on average each year.Encouraging progress has been made in green development.剛剛過去的2017年，經濟社會發展主要目標任務全面完成并好于預期。國內生產總值增長6.9%，居民收入增長7.3%，增速均比上年有所加快；城鎮新增就業1351萬人，失業率為多年來最低；工業增速回升，企業利潤增長21%；財政收入增長7.4%，扭轉了增速放緩態勢；進出口增長14.2%，實際使用外資1363億美元、創歷史新高。經濟發展呈現出增長與質量、結構、效益相得益彰的良好局面。這是五年來一系列重大政策效應累積，各方面不懈努力、久久為功的結果。

In the year just passed, all main targets and tasks for economic and social development were accomplished and performance exceeded expectations.GDP grew 6.9 percent and personal income rose 7.3 percent, both beating the previous year’s growth rates.Around 13.51 million new urban jobs were created, and the jobless rate was at its lowest level in years.Industrial growth began to rebound, and corporate profits increased 21 percent.Government revenue grew 7.4 percent, reversing the slowdown in growth.The total import and export value rose 14.2 percent.Inward foreign investment reached 136.3 billion U.S.dollars, hitting a new all-time high.The state of play in the economy was good, wit

第三篇：2018政府工作報告中英對照

政府工作報告

Report on the Work of the Government

——2018年3月5日在第十三屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議上

– Delivered at the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2018

國務院總理 李克強

Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

Fellow Deputies，現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告過去五年政府工作，對今年工作提出建議，請予審議，并請全國政協委員提出意見。

On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the government’s work of the past five years and lay out what we propose for this year’s work for your deliberation and approval.I also invite comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、過去五年工作回顧

I will begin with a review of our work over the past five years.第十二屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議以來的五年，是我國發展進程中極不平凡的五年。面對極其錯綜復雜的國內外形勢，以習近平同志為核心的黨中央團結帶領全國各族人民砥礪前行，統籌推進“五位一體”總體布局，協調推進“四個全面”戰略布局，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設全面開創新局面。黨的十九大確立了習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想的歷史地位，制定了決勝全面建成小康社會、奪取新時代中國特色社會主義偉大勝利的宏偉藍圖和行動綱領，具有重大現實意義和深遠歷史意義。各地區各部門不斷增強政治意識、大局意識、核心意識、看齊意識，深入貫徹落實新發展理念，“十二五”規劃圓滿完成，“十三五”規劃順利實施，經濟社會發展取得歷史性成就、發生歷史性變革。

The five years since the first session of the 12th National People’s Congress(NPC)have been a truly remarkable five years in the course of our country’s development.Facing an extremely complex environment both at home and abroad, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, has rallied and led the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to forge ahead.We have moved forward with the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan* and the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy**, and made new advances on all fronts of reform, opening-up, and socialist modernization.(* The “Five-sphere Integrated Plan” is a plan to promote coordinated economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological advancement.** The “Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy” is a strategy of comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance law-based governance, and strengthen Party self-governance.)At its 19th National Congress, the Party established the position in history of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and mapped out an inspiring blueprint and a program of action for securing a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and for striving for the success of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era.This is of great immediate significance and far-reaching historical significance.All regions and all government departments have strengthened their consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment.The new development philosophy has been thoroughly acted upon, the 12th Five-Year Plan has been fully completed, and implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan has seen smooth progress.In economic and social development we have made historic achievements and seen historic change.五年來，經濟實力躍上新臺階。國內生產總值從54萬億元增加到82.7萬億元，年均增長7.1%，占世界經濟比重從11.4%提高到15%左右，對世界經濟增長貢獻率超過30%。財政收入從11.7萬億元增加到17.3萬億元。居民消費價格年均上漲1.9%，保持較低水平。城鎮新增就業6600萬人以上，13億多人口的大國實現了比較充分就業。Over the past five years, economic strength has reached a new high.China’s gross domestic product(GDP)has risen from 54 trillion to 82.7 trillion yuan, registering average annual growth of 7.1 percent;and its share in the global economy has grown to roughly 15 percent, up from 11.4 percent.China’s contribution to global growth has exceeded 30 percent.Government revenue has increased from 11.7 trillion to 17.3 trillion yuan.Consumer prices rose at an average annual rate of 1.9 percent, maintaining a relatively low level of growth.More than 66 million new urban jobs have been added, and our country, with its population of over 1.3 billion, has achieved relatively full employment.五年來，經濟結構出現重大變革。消費貢獻率由54.9%提高到58.8%，服務業比重從45.3%上升到51.6%，成為經濟增長主動力。高技術制造業年均增長11.7%。糧食生產能力達到1.2萬億斤。城鎮化率從52.6%提高到58.5%，8000多萬農業轉移人口成為城鎮居民。

Over the past five years, the structure of the Chinese economy has seen a major transformation.With the share of the service sector rising from 45.3 to 51.6 percent of the economy, consumption’s contribution to growth has increased from 54.9 to 58.8 percent, becoming the main driver of growth.High-tech manufacturing has achieved an average annual increase of 11.7 percent, and the annual grain yield has reached 600 million metric tons.China’s urbanization rate has risen from 52.6 to 58.5 percent, and more than 80 million people who have relocated from rural to urban areas have gained permanent urban residency.五年來，創新驅動發展成果豐碩。全社會研發投入年均增長11%，規模躍居世界第二位。科技進步貢獻率由52.2%提高到57.5%。載人航天、深海探測、量子通信、大飛機等重大創新成果不斷涌現。高鐵網絡、電子商務、移動支付、共享經濟等引領世界潮流。“互聯網+”廣泛融入各行各業。大眾創業、萬眾創新蓬勃發展，日均新設企業由5千多戶增加到1萬6千多戶。快速崛起的新動能，正在重塑經濟增長格局、深刻改變生產生活方式，成為中國創新發展的新標志。

Over the past five years, innovation-driven development has yielded fruitful outcomes.China’s investment in research and development(R&D)has grown at an average annual rate of 11 percent, ranking second in the world in scale.The contribution of technological advances to economic growth has risen from 52.2 to 57.5 percent.In manned spaceflight, deep-water exploration, quantum communications, large aircraft development, and more, China has seen a stream of major outcomes of innovation.In high-speed rail, e-commerce, mobile payments, and the sharing economy, China is leading the world.The Internet Plus model has permeated every industry and every field.Business startups and innovation are thriving all over the country, and the average number of new businesses opened daily has risen from over 5,000 to more than 16,000.Rapidly emerging new growth drivers are reshaping China’s growth model, are profoundly changing the way we live and work, and have become a new hallmark of China’s innovation-driven development.五年來，改革開放邁出重大步伐。改革全面發力、多點突破、縱深推進，重要領域和關鍵環節改革取得突破性進展。簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務等改革推動政府職能發生深刻轉變，市場活力和社會創造力明顯增強。“一帶一路”建設成效顯著，對外貿易和利用外資結構優化、規模穩居世界前列。

Over the past five years, significant headway has been made in reform and opening-up.In reform, we have made strong moves across the board, secured major advances in many areas, and driven deeper in pursuing progress, making breakthroughs in reforms in important fields and key links.Reforms to streamline administration and delegate powers, improve regulation, and optimize services, have driven profound shifts in the functions of government, and significantly strengthened market dynamism and public creativity.The Belt and Road Initiative has been making major progress.The composition of both Chinese foreign trade and foreign investment in China has been improved, with volumes ranking among the largest in the world.五年來，人民生活持續改善。脫貧攻堅取得決定性進展，貧困人口減少6800多萬，易地扶貧搬遷830萬人，貧困發生率由10.2%下降到3.1%。居民收入年均增長7.4%、超過經濟增速，形成世界上人口最多的中等收入群體。出境旅游人次由8300萬增加到1億3千多萬。社會養老保險覆蓋9億多人，基本醫療保險覆蓋13.5億人，織就了世界上最大的社會保障網。人均預期壽命達到76.7歲。棚戶區住房改造2600多萬套，農村危房改造1700多萬戶，上億人喜遷新居。

Over the past five years, living standards have been constantly improving.We have made decisive progress in the fight against poverty: More than 68 million people have been lifted out of poverty, including a total of 8.3 million relocated from inhospitable areas, and the poverty headcount ratio has dropped from 10.2 to 3.1 percent.Personal income has increased by an annual average of 7.4 percent, outpacing economic growth and creating the world’s largest middle-income group.Tourist departures have grown from 83 million to over 130 million.Social old-age pension schemes now cover more than 900 million people, and the basic health insurance plans cover 1.35 billion people, forming the largest social safety net in the world.On average, life expectancy has reached 76.7 years.Over 26 million housing units have been rebuilt in rundown urban areas, and more than 17 million dilapidated houses have been renovated in rural areas.Thanks to these efforts, more than one hundred million Chinese have moved into new homes.五年來，生態環境狀況逐步好轉。制定實施大氣、水、土壤污染防治三個“十條”并取得扎實成效。單位國內生產總值能耗、水耗均下降20%以上，主要污染物排放量持續下降，重點城市重污染天數減少一半，森林面積增加1.63億畝，沙化土地面積年均縮減近2000平方公里，綠色發展呈現可喜局面。

Over the past five years, the environment has seen gradual improvement.To address air, water, and soil pollution, we have designed and enforced a ten-point list of measures for each and achieved solid progress.Both energy and water consumption per unit of GDP have fallen more than 20 percent, the release of major pollutants has been consistently declining, and the number of days of heavy air pollution in key cities has fallen 50 percent.Forest coverage has increased by 10.87 million hectares, and the area of desertified land has been reduced by close to 2,000 square kilometers on average each year.Encouraging progress has been made in green development.剛剛過去的2017年，經濟社會發展主要目標任務全面完成并好于預期。國內生產總值增長6.9%，居民收入增長7.3%，增速均比上年有所加快；城鎮新增就業1351萬人，失業率為多年來最低；工業增速回升，企業利潤增長21%；財政收入增長7.4%，扭轉了增速放緩態勢；進出口增長14.2%，實際使用外資1363億美元、創歷史新高。經濟發展呈現出增長與質量、結構、效益相得益彰的良好局面。這是五年來一系列重大政策效應累積，各方面不懈努力、久久為功的結果。

In the year just passed, all main targets and tasks for economic and social development were accomplished and performance has exceeded expectations.GDP grew 6.9 percent and personal income rose 7.3 percent, both beating the previous year’s growth rates.Around 13.51 million new urban jobs were created, and the jobless rate was the lowest in recent years.Industrial growth began to rebound, and corporate profits increased 21 percent.Government revenue grew 7.4 percent, reversing the slowdown in growth.The total import and export value rose 14.2 percent.Inward foreign investment reached 136.3 billion U.S.dollars, hitting a new all-time high.The state of play in the economy was good, with growth and quality, structural improvement, and performance each reinforcing the other.This is the result of the cumulative effect of a raft of major policies over the past five years and of consistent efforts in all areas of endeavor.過去五年取得的全方位、開創性成就，發生的深層次、根本性變革，再次令世界矚目，全國各族人民倍感振奮和自豪。

Over the past five years, the ground-breaking achievements made on every front and the profound and fundamental changes that have taken place, have attracted global attention and are the pride and inspiration of all of us in China.五年來，我們認真貫徹以習近平同志為核心的黨中央決策部署，主要做了以下工作。

Over the past five years, we have worked with dedication to implement the decisions and plans made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core.The following are the highlights of that work:

（一）堅持穩中求進工作總基調，著力創新和完善宏觀調控，經濟運行保持在合理區間、實現穩中向好。

First, with a commitment to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, we have focused on developing new and better approaches to macro regulation, kept major indicators within an appropriate range, and achieved stable, positive economic performance.這些年，世界經濟復蘇乏力，國際金融市場跌宕起伏，保護主義明顯抬頭。我國經濟發展中結構性問題和深層次矛盾凸顯，經濟下行壓力持續加大，遇到不少兩難多難抉擇。面對這種局面，我們保持戰略定力，堅持不搞“大水漫灌”式強刺激，而是適應把握引領經濟發展新常態，統籌穩增長、促改革、調結構、惠民生、防風險，不斷創新和完善宏觀調控，確立區間調控的思路和方式，加強定向調控、相機調控、精準調控。明確強調只要經濟運行在合理區間，就業增加、收入增長、環境改善，就集中精力促改革、調結構、添動力。采取既利當前更惠長遠的舉措，著力推進供給側結構性改革，適度擴大總需求，推動實現更高層次的供需動態平衡。經過艱辛努力，我們頂住了經濟下行壓力、避免了“硬著陸”，保持了經濟中高速增長，促進了結構優化，經濟長期向好的基本面不斷鞏固和發展。

The past few years have witnessed anemic world economic recovery, volatility in global financial markets, and a sharp rise in protectionism.In China, structural issues and underlying problems have become more acute, downward pressure on the economy has continued to mount, and we have met with no small number of dilemmas.In confronting this new environment, we have maintained strategic focus and refrained from resorting to a deluge of strong stimulus policies.Instead, we have adapted to, addressed, and steered the new normal in economic development, and taken coordinated steps to ensure steady growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risk.We have made fresh innovations in and refined macro regulation, developed the idea of and ways to achieve ranged-based regulation, and enhanced targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation.We have been clear that as long as the major economic indicators are within an acceptable range, with employment growing, incomes increasing, and the environment improving, then our energies should be focused on advancing reform, making structural adjustments, and adding growth drivers.We have adopted measures that are good for the near term and even better for the long term, made strong moves to advance supply-side structural reform, appropriately expanded aggregate demand, and worked for a dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand at a higher level.With grit and determination, we have overcome downward pressure on the economy, avoided a “hard landing,” maintained a medium-high growth rate, and promoted structural upgrading.The economic fundamentals that will sustain long-term growth have been cemented and enhanced.堅持實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策。在財政收支矛盾較大情況下，著眼“放水養魚”、增強后勁，我國率先大幅減稅降費。分步驟全面推開營改增，結束了66年的營業稅征收歷史，累計減稅超過2萬億元，加上采取小微企業稅收優惠、清理各種收費等措施，共減輕市場主體負擔3萬多億元。加強地方政府債務管理，實施地方政府存量債務置換，降低利息負擔1.2萬億元。調整財政支出結構，盤活沉淀資金，保障基本民生和重點項目。財政赤字率一直控制在3%以內。貨幣政策保持穩健中性，廣義貨幣M2增速呈下降趨勢，信貸和社會融資規模適度增長。采取定向降準、專項再貸款等差別化政策，加強對重點領域和薄弱環節支持，小微企業貸款增速高于各項貸款平均增速。改革完善匯率市場化形成機制，保持人民幣匯率基本穩定，外匯儲備轉降為升。妥善應對“錢荒”等金融市場異常波動，規范金融市場秩序，防范化解重點領域風險，守住了不發生系統性風險的底線，維護了國家經濟金融安全。

We have continued to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.Despite a fairly big imbalance between government revenue and expenditure, China has led the way in slashing taxes and fees with the aim of using accommodative measures to strengthen the basis for sustained growth.Step by step, we have extended the replacement of business tax with value added tax(VAT)to all sectors across the country, calling time on the 66-year history of business tax.The result so far has been a tax cut of more than 2 trillion yuan.We have also adopted measures like preferential tax policies for small low-profit businesses and an overhaul of different types of fees.All in all, our market entities have seen savings of more than 3 trillion yuan.We have strengthened management over local government debt, and issued local government bonds to replace outstanding debt, cutting interest liability by 1.2 trillion yuan.We have adjusted the structure of government expenditure, put idle funds to work, and ensured the spending for undertaking major projects and meeting basic public needs.The deficit-to-GDP ratio has been kept within 3 percent.Monetary policy has remained prudent and neutral.The M2 money supply growth rate has been trending downward, while credit and aggregate financing have seen moderate growth.Differentiated policies, such as targeted reserve requirement ratio cuts and targeted re-lending, have been adopted to strengthen support for key fields and weak links.The growth of loans to small and micro businesses has outstripped the average growth in lending.We have reformed and improved the market-based exchange rate mechanism and kept the RMB exchange rate basically stable;and foreign exchange reserves are now rising not falling.We have responded appropriately to abnormal market fluctuations such as the cash crunch, brought better order to the financial markets, prevented and diffused risks in key sectors, forestalled systemic risks, and thus safeguarded China’s economic and financial security.（二）堅持以供給側結構性改革為主線，著力培育壯大新動能，經濟結構加快優化升級。緊緊依靠改革破解經濟發展和結構失衡難題，大力發展新興產業，改造提升傳統產業，提高供給體系質量和效率。

Second, with a commitment to treating supply-side structural reform as our main task, we have focused on fostering new growth drivers to speed up economic structural upgrading.We have persevered in relying on reform to overcome economic difficulties and address structural imbalances, made a big push to foster emerging industries, overhauled and strengthened traditional industries, and improved the quality and performance of the supply system.扎實推進“三去一降一補”。五年來，在淘汰水泥、平板玻璃等落后產能基礎上，以鋼鐵、煤炭等行業為重點加大去產能力度，中央財政安排1000億元專項獎補資金予以支持，用于分流職工安置。退出鋼鐵產能1.7億噸以上、煤炭產能8億噸，安置分流職工110多萬人。因城施策分類指導，三四線城市商品住宅去庫存取得明顯成效，熱點城市房價漲勢得到控制。積極穩妥去杠桿，控制債務規模，增加股權融資，工業企業資產負債率連續下降，宏觀杠桿率漲幅明顯收窄、總體趨于穩定。多措并舉降成本，壓減政府性基金項目30%，削減中央政府層面設立的涉企收費項目60%以上，階段性降低“五險一金”繳費比例，推動降低用能、物流、電信等成本。突出重點加大補短板力度。

Solid work has moved us forward in the five priority tasks of cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness.Over the past five years, building on work to cut backward production capacity in the cement, plate glass, and other industries, we have intensified efforts to cut overcapacity, prioritizing industries such as steel and coal;and a 100-billion-yuan fund for rewards and subsidies has been put in place by the central government to support efforts to assist affected employees.We have cut steel production capacity by more than 170 million metric tons and coal production capacity by 800 million metric tons, and over 1.1 million affected employees have been assisted.Thanks to city-specific policies and category-specific guidance, clear progress has been made in reducing commercial residential housing inventory in third-and fourth-tier cities, and the growth of housing prices in the most popular cities has been brought under control.We have taken active and prudent steps to deleverage, control the scale of debts, and expand equity finance.The debt-to-asset ratio of industrial enterprises has been consistently declining.Macro leverage ratio is increasing by much smaller margins and is generally stable.We have used a combination of measures to bring down costs: 30 percent of government-managed funds and fees have been cut;over 60 percent of the fees and charges levied on businesses by the central government have been abolished;the ratio of enterprise contributions to old-age pension, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, and maternity insurance, workers’ compensation, and housing provident fund schemes has been reduced for the time being, and work has been done to lower energy, logistics, and telecommunications costs.We have stepped up efforts to strengthen areas of weakness, with a focus on key issues.加快新舊發展動能接續轉換。深入開展“互聯網+”行動，實行包容審慎監管，推動大數據、云計算、物聯網廣泛應用，新興產業蓬勃發展，傳統產業深刻重塑。實施“中國制造2025”，推進工業強基、智能制造、綠色制造等重大工程，先進制造業加快發展。出臺現代服務業改革發展舉措，服務新業態新模式異軍突起，促進了各行業融合升級。深化農業供給側結構性改革，新型經營主體大批涌現，種植業適度規模經營比重從30%提升到40%以上。采取措施增加中低收入者收入，推動傳統消費提檔升級、新興消費快速興起，網上零售額年均增長30%以上，社會消費品零售總額年均增長11.3%。優化投資結構，鼓勵民間投資，發揮政府投資撬動作用，引導更多資金投向強基礎、增后勁、惠民生領域。高速鐵路運營里程從9000多公里增加到2萬5千公里、占世界三分之二，高速公路里程從9.6萬公里增加到13.6萬公里，新建改建農村公路127萬公里，新建民航機場46個，開工重大水利工程122項，完成新一輪農村電網改造，建成全球最大的移動寬帶網。五年來，發展新動能迅速壯大，經濟增長實現由主要依靠投資、出口拉動轉向依靠消費、投資、出口協同拉動，由主要依靠第二產業帶動轉向依靠三次產業共同帶動。這是我們多年想實現而沒有實現的重大結構性變革。

We have sped up the replacement of old growth drivers.We have done more in carrying out the Internet Plus Initiative, exercised accommodative and prudential regulation, and promoted the extensive application of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things;emerging industries have achieved vigorous growth, and traditional industries have undergone a thorough remodeling.Implementation of the Made in China 2025 Initiative has brought progress in major projects like the building of robust industrial foundations, smart manufacturing, and green manufacturing, and has accelerated the development of advanced manufacturing.We unveiled reform and development measures to foster modern services;and this has led to a marked rise in new forms of business in the services sector and new service models as well as the integration and upgrading of multiple sectors.Deepened supply-side structural reform in agriculture has brought the emergence of a large number of new types of agribusiness.The share of appropriately scaled-up farming has increased from 30 to over 40 percent.We have taken measures to increase the incomes of those in low-and middle-income brackets, and helped to see an upgrading of traditional forms of consumption, and a boom in new forms of consumption.Online retail sales have been growing at an average annual rate of over 30 percent, and total retail sales of consumer goods have enjoyed an average annual increase of 11.3 percent.We have improved the composition of investment, encouraged private investment, used government investment to play a catalytic role, and guided more funding toward areas that strengthen the economic foundation, enhance sustainability, and improve people’s lives.China’s in-operation high-speed railways have grown from over 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers, accounting for two thirds of the world’s total.Our expressways have grown from 96,000 to 136,000 kilometers.We have built or upgraded 1.27 million kilometers of rural roads, built 46 new civilian airports, and begun work on 122 major water conservancy projects.We have completed the latest round of rural power grid upgrading, and put in place the largest mobile broadband network in the world.Over the past five years, new growth drivers have rapidly grown in strength.Economic growth, in the past mainly driven by investment and exports, is now being fueled by consumption, investment, and exports.In the past dependent mainly on secondary industry, growth is now powered by a combination of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries.This is a major structural transformation that for years our sights have been set on, but we were always unable to achieve.推進供給側結構性改革，必須破除要素市場化配置障礙，降低制度性交易成本。針對長期存在的重審批、輕監管、弱服務問題，我們持續深化“放管服”改革，加快轉變政府職能，減少微觀管理、直接干預，注重加強宏觀調控、市場監管和公共服務。五年來，國務院部門行政審批事項削減44%，非行政許可審批徹底終結，中央政府層面核準的企業投資項目減少90%，行政審批中介服務事項壓減74%，職業資格許可和認定大幅減少。中央政府定價項目縮減80%，地方政府定價項目縮減50%以上。全面改革工商登記、注冊資本等商事制度，企業開辦時間縮短三分之一以上。創新和加強事中事后監管，實行“雙隨機、一公開”，隨機抽取檢查人員和檢查對象、及時公開查處結果，提高了監管效能和公正性。推行“互聯網+政務服務”，實施一站式服務等舉措。營商環境持續改善，市場活力明顯增強，群眾辦事更加便利。

Advancing supply-side structural reform demands removing barriers to market based allocation of the factors of production and reducing government-imposed transaction costs.To address the longstanding issues of excessive emphasis on approval procedures, insufficient attention to regulatory processes, and a failure to provide strong services, we have been consistently deepening reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, improve regulation, and strengthen services.We have sped up efforts to transform government functions, reduced micromanagement and direct intervention, and done more to improve macro regulation, market regulation, and public services.Over the past five years, the number of items subject to approval by State Council offices and departments has been slashed by 44 percent, the practice of non-administrative approval has been completely put to a stop, the number of business investment items subject to central government approval has been cut by 90 percent, intermediary services needed for obtaining government approval have been cut by 74 percent, and the requirements for professional qualification approval and accreditation have been significantly reduced.The number of items for which central government sets the prices has been cut back by 80 percent, and local government-priced items have been cut down by over 50 percent.Comprehensive reforms have swept the business system, including business and capital registration, reducing the time it takes to start a business by over a third.We have developed new and better ways of conducting compliance oversight, and introduced a new model of oversight combining randomly selected inspectors who inspect randomly selected entities and the prompt release of results.These efforts have made regulation more effective and impartial.We have rolled out the Internet Plus Government Services model and adopted measures such as the one-stop service model.Thanks to the above reforms, the business environment has consistently improved, the market is more energized, and people can access government services more easily.（三）堅持創新引領發展，著力激發社會創造力，整體創新能力和效率顯著提高。實施創新驅動發展戰略，優化創新生態，形成多主體協同、全方位推進的創新局面。擴大科研機構和高校科研自主權，改進科研項目和經費管理，深化科技成果權益管理改革。支持北京、上海建設科技創新中心，新設14個國家自主創新示范區，帶動形成一批區域創新高地。以企業為主體加強技術創新體系建設，涌現一批具有國際競爭力的創新型企業和新型研發機構。深入開展大眾創業、萬眾創新，實施普惠性支持政策，完善孵化體系。各類市場主體達到9800多萬戶，五年增加70%以上。國內有效發明專利擁有量增加兩倍，技術交易額翻了一番。我國科技創新由跟跑為主轉向更多領域并跑、領跑，成為全球矚目的創新創業熱土。

Third, with a commitment to innovation-driven development, and a focus on unlocking public creativity, we have achieved a remarkable improvement in our general capacity for making innovations and for seeing that innovation delivers.We have put into action the innovation-driven development strategy and worked to build a better ecosystem for innovation, giving shape to innovation involving multiple actors making across-the-board advances.Research institutes and universities now have greater say over their research;research projects and funding are better managed, and the way of managing rights and interests relating to scientific and technological advances has undergone reform.We have supported Beijing and Shanghai in building themselves into centers for scientific and technological innovation, and set up 14 new national innovation demonstration zones, thus creating a number of regional innovation hubs.With enterprises as the main actors, we have boosted the development of a system for technological innovation.China has seen the emergence of a number of world-class innovative enterprises and new-type R&D institutions.We have launched and taken bold moves in the nationwide business startup and innovation initiative, adopted support policies designed to benefit all entrepreneurs and innovators, and improved the incubation system.China’s market entities, all types included, now total over 98 million, an increase of more than 70 percent over the past five years.The number of in-force Chinese invention patents issued in China has tripled, and the volume of technology transactions has doubled.In the global race of scientific and technological innovation, China has shifted place, from following others to keeping pace and even leading the pack in more and more areas.Our country has become a globally recognized fertile ground for innovation and business ventures.（四）堅持全面深化改革，著力破除體制機制弊端，發展動力不斷增強。國企國資改革扎實推進，公司制改革基本完成，兼并重組、壓減層級、提質增效取得積極進展。國有企業效益明顯好轉，去年利潤增長23.5%。深化能源、鐵路、鹽業等領域改革。放寬非公有制經濟市場準入。建立不動產統一登記制度。完善產權保護制度。財稅改革取得重大進展，全面推行財政預決算公開，構建以共享稅為主的中央和地方收入分配格局，啟動中央與地方財政事權和支出責任劃分改革，中央對地方一般性轉移支付規模大幅增加、專項轉移支付項目減少三分之二。基本放開利率管制，建立存款保險制度，推動大中型商業銀行設立普惠金融事業部，深化政策性、開發性金融機構改革，強化金融監管協調機制。完善城鄉義務教育均衡發展促進機制，改革考試招生制度。建立統一的城鄉居民基本養老、醫療保險制度，實現機關事業單位和企業養老保險制度并軌。出臺劃轉部分國有資本充實社保基金方案。實施醫療、醫保、醫藥聯動改革，全面推開公立醫院綜合改革，取消長期實行的藥品加成政策，藥品醫療器械審批制度改革取得突破。推進農村承包地“三權”分置改革、確權面積超過80%，改革重要農產品收儲制度。完善主體功能區制度，建立生態文明績效考評和責任追究制度，推行河長制、湖長制，開展省級以下環保機構垂直管理制度改革試點。各領域改革的深化，推動了經濟社會持續健康發展。

Fourth, with a commitment to deepening reform across the board, we have taken major steps to remove institutional barriers, thus steadily boosting the driving forces powering development.Solid progress has been made in the reform of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)and state assets;the reform to convert SOEs into standard companies has now basically been completed;and efforts to merge and restructure, reduce the organizational levels in, and improve the quality and efficiency of SOEs have made good progress.The performance of SOEs has been much improved, with profits last year growing by 23.5 percent.We have deepened reform in sectors like energy, rail, and the salt industry.Market access to the non-public sector has been expanded.An integrated registration system for immovable property has been put in place, and the property rights protection system has been improved.Fiscal and tax reforms have made major progress.We have introduced the requirement nationwide for government budgets and final accounts to be released to the public, developed a system based mainly on tax sharing for dividing revenue between central and local government, launched the reform to define the respective financial powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local government, and significantly scaled up general transfer payments from central to local government, while also cutting by two thirds the number of items for which special purpose transfer payments are made.We have largely lifted controls on interest rates, established a deposit insurance system, encouraged large and medium commercial banks to set up inclusive finance divisions, deepened the reform of policy-backed and development financial institutions, and strengthened the mechanisms for coordinating financial regulation.We have improved the mechanisms for promoting more balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education, and reformed the examination and enrollment systems.We have established unified basic pension and health insurance schemes for rural and non-working urban residents, and brought government office and public institution pension schemes into line with enterprise schemes.We have unveiled a plan for appropriating a share of state capital to replenish social security funds.We have carried out coordinated medical service, medical insurance, and pharmaceutical reforms.We have introduced a comprehensive reform in all public hospitals, rescinded the policy, long in effect, of allowing hospitals to profit from higher priced medicine, and made breakthroughs in the reform of approval systems for medicine and medical devices.We have pursued reform to separate rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and use rights, and already seen that over 80 percent of contracted rural land covered by this reform.We have reformed the system for purchasing and stockpiling important agricultural products.We have improved the functional zoning system, established performance evaluation and accountability systems for ecological conservation, and instituted the river chief and lake chief systems.We have piloted a system placing government environmental offices below the provincial level directly under the supervision of provincial-level environmental offices.The deepening of reform in each and every field has given a boost to sustained, healthy economic and social development.（五）堅持對外開放的基本國策，著力實現合作共贏，開放型經濟水平顯著提升。倡導和推動共建“一帶一路”，發起創辦亞投行，設立絲路基金，一批重大互聯互通、經貿合作項目落地。設立上海等11個自貿試驗區，一批改革試點成果向全國推廣。改革出口退稅負擔機制、退稅增量全部由中央財政負擔，設立13個跨境電商綜合試驗區，國際貿易“單一窗口”覆蓋全國，貨物通關時間平均縮短一半以上，進出口實現回穩向好。外商投資由審批制轉向負面清單管理，限制性措施削減三分之二。外商投資結構優化，高技術產業占比提高一倍。加大引智力度，來華工作的外國專家增加40%。引導對外投資健康發展。推進國際產能合作，高鐵、核電等裝備走向世界。新簽和升級8個自由貿易協定。滬港通、深港通、債券通相繼啟動，人民幣加入國際貨幣基金組織特別提款權貨幣籃子，人民幣國際化邁出重要步伐。中國開放的擴大，有力促進了自身發展，給世界帶來重大機遇。

Fifth, with a commitment to China’s fundamental policy of opening-up, we have focused on promoting win-win cooperation, and significantly improved the performance of our country’s open economy.We have launched and worked with other countries in the Belt and Road Initiative.We initiated the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, set up the Silk Road Fund, and launched a number of major connectivity and economic and trade cooperation initiatives.Beginning with the China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone, we have established 11 pilot free trade zones.A number of successful outcomes from pilot reforms are now being applied nationwide.We have reformed the cost-sharing mechanism for export tax rebates, and the central government now pays the full sum of increases in export tax rebates.We have set up 13 comprehensive experimental zones for cross-border e-commerce.Single-window document processing for international trade has been applied nationwide, cutting the average time for customs clearance by over half.Imports and exports have rebounded and steadily grown.For foreign investment, we have replaced the approval system with a negative list model, and have cut restrictions by two thirds.The composition of foreign investment has improved, with investment in high-tech industries doubling.We have intensified efforts to attract talent, and the number of foreign experts working in China has grown by 40 percent.We have guided the healthy development of outbound investment.We have moved forward with international cooperation on production capacity;high-speed rail, nuclear power, and other types of Chinese equipment have entered international markets.We have signed or upgraded eight free trade agreements.We have launched the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect, the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect, and the Bond Connect.The RMB was included in the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights basket, representing a major step forward in its internationalization.China has opened its doors wider to the world.This opening has played a powerful role in our own development, and it presents important opportunities for the rest of the world.（六）堅持實施區域協調發展和新型城鎮化戰略，著力推動平衡發展，新的增長極增長帶加快成長。積極推進京津冀協同發展、長江經濟帶發展，編制實施相關規劃，建設一批重點項目。出臺一系列促進西部開發、東北振興、中部崛起、東部率先發展的改革創新舉措。加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區扶持力度，加強援藏援疆援青工作。海洋保護和開發有序推進。實施重點城市群規劃，促進大中小城市和小城鎮協調發展。絕大多數城市放寬落戶限制，居住證制度全面實施，城鎮基本公共服務向常住人口覆蓋。城鄉區域發展協調性顯著增強。

Sixth, with a commitment to implementing the coordinated regional development and new urbanization strategies, we have promoted more balanced development, and seen new growth poles and belts developing faster.We have actively pursued coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, and the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, drawn up and implemented related plans, and undertaken a number of key projects.We have unveiled a whole series of reforms and innovative measures to see the western region develop, northeast China revitalized, the central region rise, and the eastern region spearhead development.We have stepped up support for old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas, and strengthened aid work in Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai.We have steadily moved forward with protecting and developing maritime resources.We have implemented plans for developing major city clusters, and pursued more balanced development of small, medium, and large cities, and small towns.The vast majority of cities in China have eased restrictions on permanent residency.A residence card system has been put into effect nationwide, and basic urban public services now cover all permanent residents.Development between urban and rural areas and between regions has become better coordinated.（七）堅持以人民為中心的發展思想，著力保障和改善民生，人民群眾獲得感不斷增強。在財力緊張情況下，持續加大民生投入。全面推進精準扶貧、精準脫貧，健全中央統籌、省負總責、市縣抓落實的工作機制，中央財政五年投入專項扶貧資金2800多億元。實施積極的就業政策，重點群體就業得到較好保障。堅持教育優先發展，財政性教育經費占國內生產總值比例持續超過4%。改善農村義務教育薄弱學校辦學條件，提高鄉村教師待遇，營養改善計劃惠及3600多萬農村學生。啟動世界一流大學和一流學科建設。重點高校專項招收農村和貧困地區學生人數由1萬人增加到10萬人。加大對各類學校家庭困難學生資助力度，4.3億人次受益。勞動年齡人口平均受教育年限提高到10.5年。居民基本醫保人均財政補助標準由240元提高到450元，大病保險制度基本建立、已有1700多萬人次受益，異地就醫住院費用實現直接結算，分級診療和醫聯體建設加快推進。持續合理提高退休人員基本養老金。提高低保、優撫等標準，完善社會救助制度，近6000萬低保人員和特困群眾基本生活得到保障。建立困難和重度殘疾人“兩項補貼”制度，惠及2100多萬人。實施全面兩孩政策。加快發展文化事業，文化產業年均增長13%以上。全民健身廣泛開展，體育健兒勇創佳績。

Seventh, with a commitment to a people-centered development philosophy, we have endeavored to ensure and improve living standards and seen the growing satisfaction of the people.Despite fiscal constraints, we have consistently increased spending on improving people’s living standards.We have made comprehensive moves in targeted poverty reduction and alleviation, and built a robust working mechanism with central government responsible for overall planning, provincial-level governments assuming overall responsibility, and city and county governments responsible for program implementation.Over the past five years, the central government has appropriated over 280 billion yuan to fund poverty reduction.We have implemented a proactive employment policy and ensured that key target groups have better access to employment.We have been committed to prioritizing the development of education;and government spending on education has remained above four percent of GDP.In rural areas, we have improved conditions in badly built and poorly operated schools providing compulsory education, and increased the pay packages of teachers, and our Better Nutrition Plan has benefited more than 36 million students.We have launched an initiative to build world-class universities and world-class disciplines.The number of students from rural and poor areas enrolled in key universities through special programs has grown from 10,000 to 100,000.We have increased financial aid to students from financially-challenged families studying in all types of schools, giving out 430 million grants in total.The average length of schooling of the working-age population has been raised to 10.5 years.Government subsidies for basic medical insurance schemes have been increased from 240 to 450 yuan per person;the serious disease insurance system is basically in place, and has already benefited more than 17 million people;the costs of hospitalization can now be settled where incurred;and the development of tiered medical diagnosis and treatment and healthcare consortiums has picked up pace.We have consistently made appropriate increases to basic old-age pensions for retirees.We have raised subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, and other allowances, and improved the social assistance system, ensuring the livelihoods of close to 60 million people on subsistence allowances or living in extreme poverty.We have put in place a system to provide living allowances for people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing care subsidies for people with serious disabilities, a system that has benefited over 21 million people.All couples can now have two children.We have moved faster to develop cultural programs, and seen the cultural industry grow at an average annual rate of over 13 percent.We have carried out Fitness-for-All programs, which are now in full swing;and Chinese athletes have excelled in competition.（八）堅持人與自然和諧發展，著力治理環境污染，生態文明建設取得明顯成效。樹立綠水青山就是金山銀山理念，以前所未有的決心和力度加強生態環境保護。重拳整治大氣污染，重點地區細顆粒物（PM2.5）平均濃度下降30%以上。加強散煤治理，推進重點行業節能減排，71%的煤電機組實現超低排放。優化能源結構，煤炭消費比重下降8.1個百分點，清潔能源消費比重提高6.3個百分點。提高燃油品質，淘汰黃標車和老舊車2000多萬輛。加強重點流域海域水污染防治，化肥農藥使用量實現零增長。推進重大生態保護和修復工程，擴大退耕還林還草還濕，加強荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失綜合治理。開展中央環保督察，嚴肅查處違法案件。積極推動《巴黎協定》簽署生效，我國在應對全球氣候變化中發揮了重要作用。

Eighth, with a commitment to achieving harmony between human and nature, we have taken major steps to address pollution, and achieved notable progress in ecological conservation.We have established the notion that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and acted with resolve and intensity as never before to strengthen environmental protection.We have struck out hard against air pollution, thus achieving a drop of over 30 percent in the average density of fine particulate matter(PM2.5)in key areas.We have done more to reduce the use of low quality coal, pushed for progress in energy conservation and emission reductions in key industries, and seen 71 percent of coal-fired power plants achieving ultra-low emissions.We have improved the energy mix, cutting the share of coal consumption by 8.1 percentage points and increasing the share of clean energy consumption by 6.3 percentage points.We have improved fuel quality, and taken over 20 million high-emission and old vehicles off the roads.We have strengthened prevention and control measures against water pollution in key drainage basins and sea areas, and achieved zero growth in chemical fertilizer and pesticide use.We have pursued major ecological conservation and restoration projects, expanded the coverage of initiatives to turn marginal farmland into forest, grassland, and wetlands, and intensified comprehensive efforts to curb desertification, rock desertification, and soil erosion.We have launched central government inspections on environmental protection and investigated and prosecuted cases involving legal violations.We worked toward and saw that the Paris Agreement was put into force;China has played an important role in responding to global climate change.（九）堅持依法全面履行政府職能，著力加強和創新社會治理，社會保持和諧穩定。提請全國人大常委會制定修訂法律95部，制定修訂行政法規195部，修改廢止一大批部門規章。省、市、縣政府部門制定公布權責清單。開展國務院大督查和專項督查，對積極作為、成效突出的給予表彰和政策激勵，對不作為的嚴肅問責。創新城鄉基層治理。完善信訪工作制度。擴大法律援助范圍。促進安全生產領域改革發展，事故總量和重特大事故數量持續下降。改革完善食品藥品監管，強化風險全程管控。加強地震、特大洪災等防災減災救災工作，健全分級負責、相互協同的應急機制，最大程度降低了災害損失。加強國家安全。健全社會治安防控體系，依法打擊各類違法犯罪，有力維護了公共安全。

Ninth, with a commitment to fully performing government functions in accordance with law, we have focused on enhancing and developing new forms of social governance, and ensured social harmony and stability.We have submitted proposals to the NPC Standing Committee on formulating or revising 95 laws, formulated or revised 195 sets of administrative regulations, and revised or rescinded a large number of government department regulations.Lists of powers and obligations have been formulated and released by provincial, city, and county government departments.We have introduced State Council accountability inspections and special inspections, and commended and created policy incentives for those working proactively and doing an outstanding job, while holding strictly to account those failing to fulfill their duties.We have been making innovations in urban and rural primary level governance.The system for handling public complaints has been improved.The coverage of legal aid has been expanded.We have promoted reform and improvements in workplace safety, and seen a continued drop in both the total number of accidents and the number of serious and major accidents.We have reformed and improved food and drug regulation and strengthened risk control over all related processes.We have strengthened work on preventing, reducing, and providing relief for disasters, including earthquakes and serious flooding, and built stronger emergency response mechanisms employing a division of responsibilities between levels and close coordination.With this we have minimized the damage and loss inflicted by disasters to the greatest possible extent.China’s national security is better safeguarded.We have improved the crime prevention and control system, worked in accordance with law to hit back against all types of crime and illegal behavior, and effectively safeguarded public security.貫徹落實黨中央全面從嚴治黨部署，加強黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭。深入開展黨的群眾路線教育實踐活動、“三嚴三實”專題教育、“兩學一做”學習教育，認真落實黨中央八項規定精神，持之以恒糾正“四風”，嚴格執行國務院“約法三章”。嚴控新建政府性樓堂館所和財政供養人員總量，“三公”經費大幅壓減。加強行政監察和審計監督。堅決查處和糾正違法違規行為，嚴厲懲處腐敗分子，反腐敗斗爭壓倒性態勢已經形成并鞏固發展。

We have implemented the Party Central Committee’s decisions on exercising full and strict Party self-governance and done more to improve Party conduct, build a clean government, and fight corruption.We have taken extensive action in raising awareness of and putting into practice the Party’s mass line, in the Three Stricts and Three Earnests* campaign, and in the drive to see that Party members develop a good understanding of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major policy addresses and live up to Party standards.We have worked hard to ensure compliance with the Central Committee’s eight-point decision on improving conduct and staying engaged with the people and worked nonstop to address the practice of formalities for formalities’ sake, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance.We have strictly enforced the three-point State Council decision on curbing government spending.(* The Three Stricts and Three Earnests refers to the need to be strict with oneself in practicing self-cultivation, using power, and exercising self-discipline;and to be earnest in one’s thinking, work, and behavior.)

We have enforced strict controls over the construction of new government buildings and over the total number of people on the government payroll;and spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality has been significantly reduced.We have strengthened government supervision and auditing-based oversight.We have taken strong steps to investigate, prosecute, and address violations of laws and regulations and severely punished those who have committed corruption.The anti-corruption campaign has built into a crushing tide, a tide with stronger and growing momentum.各位代表！

Fellow Deputies，過去五年，民族、宗教、僑務等工作創新推進。支持民族地區加快發展，民族團結進步事業取得長足進展。積極引導宗教與社會主義社會相適應。海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷在國家現代化建設中作出了獨特貢獻。

Over the past five years, we have made new improvements in work related to ethnic groups, religion, and overseas Chinese nationals.We have supported faster development in areas with large ethnic minority populations, and have seen efforts to promote ethnic unity and progress truly paying off.We have actively guided religions in adapting to socialist society.Overseas Chinese nationals, Chinese nationals who have returned from overseas, and the relatives of overseas Chinese nationals who reside in China have made their own unique contributions to the country’s modernization.過去五年，在黨中央、中央軍委領導下，強軍興軍開創新局面。制定新形勢下軍事戰略方針，召開古田全軍政治工作會議，深入推進政治建軍、改革強軍、科技興軍、依法治軍，人民軍隊實現政治生態重塑、組織形態重塑、力量體系重塑、作風形象重塑。有效遂行海上維權、反恐維穩、搶險救災、國際維和、亞丁灣護航、人道主義救援等重大任務。各方配合基本完成裁減軍隊員額30萬任務。軍事裝備現代化水平顯著提升，軍民融合深度發展。人民軍隊面貌煥然一新，在中國特色強軍之路上邁出堅實步伐。

Over the past five years, under the leadership of the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, we have embarked on a new stage in strengthening and energizing the armed forces.We have developed a military strategy for new conditions;convened the Gutian military political work meeting;and taken extensive steps to see that the armed forces are built on political loyalty, strengthened through reform and technology, and run in accordance with law.As a result, our people’s armed forces have achieved a remodeling of their political ecosystem, of the way they are organized, of the structure of their forces, and of their conduct and image.We have undertaken major missions involving the protection of maritime rights, countering terrorism and maintaining stability, disaster rescue and relief, international peacekeeping, escort services in the Gulf of Aden, and humanitarian rescue.With the cooperation of all those involved, we have basically completed the task of reducing the armed forces by 300,000 troops.Military equipment has been significantly modernized, and we have deepened military-civilian integration.The people’s armed forces, full of new drive, have taken solid strides toward building themselves into a powerful military with Chinese characteristics.過去五年，港澳臺工作取得新進展。“一國兩制”實踐不斷豐富和發展，憲法和基本法權威在港澳進一步彰顯，內地與港澳交流合作深入推進，港珠澳大橋全線貫通，香港、澳門保持繁榮穩定。堅持一個中國原則和“九二共識”，加強兩岸經濟文化交流合作，實現兩岸領導人歷史性會晤。堅決反對和遏制“臺獨”分裂勢力，有力維護了臺海和平穩定。

Over the past five years, fresh progress has been made in work related to Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan.The practice of “one country, two systems” has been consistently enriched and developed;the authority of China’s Constitution and the basic laws of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions has been further raised in these two regions.Exchanges and cooperation between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao have been steadily enhanced;the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge has been completed, and Hong Kong and Macao have thrived and remained stable.We have upheld the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, strengthened cross-Strait economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation, and held a historic meeting between the leaders of the two sides.We have resolutely opposed and deterred separatist forces advocating Taiwan independence, firmly safeguarding peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait.過去五年，中國特色大國外交全面推進。成功舉辦首屆“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇、亞太經濟合作組織領導人非正式會議、二十國集團領導人杭州峰會、金磚國家領導人廈門會晤等重大主場外交。習近平主席等國家領導人出訪多國，出席聯合國系列峰會、氣候變化大會、世界經濟論壇、東亞合作領導人系列會議等重大活動，全方位外交布局深入展開。倡導構建人類命運共同體，為全球治理體系變革貢獻更多中國智慧。經濟外交、人文交流卓有成效。堅定維護國家主權和海洋權益。中國作為負責任大國，在解決國際和地區熱點問題上發揮了重要建設性作用，為世界和平與發展作出新的重大貢獻。

Over the past five years, we have pursued distinctively Chinese major country diplomacy on all fronts.We successfully hosted the first Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the G20 Hangzhou Summit, the BRICS Xiamen Summit, and other major diplomatic events at home.President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders have visited many countries and attended major events including United Nations summits, Climate Change Conferences, World Economic Forum meetings, and the East Asian Leaders Meetings on Cooperation.China’s diplomatic agenda has been further advanced on every front.China has called for building a community with a shared future for mankind and has contributed more Chinese ideas to the reform of the global governance system.Notable achievements have been made in our country’s economic diplomacy and people-to-people and cultural exchanges.We have been resolute in upholding China’s sovereignty and maritime rights and interests.As a responsible major country, China has played a constructive role in addressing international and regional hotspot issues, thus making significant new contributions to global peace and development.各位代表！

Fellow Deputies，回顧過去五年，諸多矛盾交織疊加，各種風險挑戰接踵而至，國內外很多情況是改革開放以來沒有碰到過的，我國改革發展成就實屬來之不易。這是以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導的結果，是習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想科學指引的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民團結奮斗的結果。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯感謝！

Looking back at the past five years, we have encountered a great many interwoven problems and a stream of risks and challenges.Both at home and abroad, there have been many new developments, developments that we have not faced since reform and opening-up began.The achievements we have made in China’s reform and development have certainly not come easily.We owe them to the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, to the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and to the concerted efforts of the Party, the military, and the people of all our nation’s ethnic groups.On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express sincere thanks to the people of all our ethnic groups, and to all other political parties, people’s organizations, and public figures from all sectors of society.I express our sincere appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas.I also wish to express our sincere thanks to the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who have shown understanding and support for China in its endeavor to modernize.安不忘危，興不忘憂。我們清醒認識到，我國仍處于并將長期處于社會主義初級階段，仍是世界最大發展中國家，發展不平衡不充分的一些突出問題尚未解決。經濟增長內生動力還不夠足，創新能力還不夠強，發展質量和效益不夠高，一些企業特別是中小企業經營困難，民間投資增勢疲弱，部分地區經濟下行壓力較大，金融等領域風險隱患不容忽視。脫貧攻堅任務艱巨，農業基礎仍然薄弱，城鄉區域發展和收入分配差距依然較大。重特大安全生產事故時有發生。在空氣質量、環境衛生、食品藥品安全和住房、教育、醫療、就業、養老等方面，群眾還有不少不滿意的地方。政府職能轉變還不到位。政府工作存在不足，有些改革舉措和政策落實不力，一些干部服務意識和法治意識不強、工作作風不實、擔當精神不夠，形式主義、官僚主義不同程度存在。群眾和企業對辦事難、亂收費意見較多。一些領域不正之風和腐敗問題仍然多發。我們一定要以對國家和人民高度負責的精神，以不畏艱難的勇氣、堅忍不拔的意志，盡心竭力做好工作，使人民政府不負人民重托！

As the Chinese saying goes, when all is calm, forget not danger;when all is well, be awake to woes.We are keenly aware that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come, that it remains the largest developing country in the world, and that it faces a number of acute problems caused by unbalanced and inadequate development that so far have remained unsolved.

第四篇：2017 政府工作報告中英對照

2017 政府工作報告中英對照

發表于2017年3月16日由CATTI考試資料與資訊

新華社北京3月16日電 政府工作報告

——2017年3月5日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會第五次會議上 國務院總理 李克強

BEIJING, March 16(Xinhua)— Following is the full text of the Report on the Work of the Government delivered by Premier Li Keqiang at the Fifth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress on March 5, 2017 and adopted on March 15, 2017:

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

Delivered at the Fifth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2017 Li Keqiang Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。

Esteemed Deputies, On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government and ask for your deliberation and approval.I also wish to have comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、2016年工作回顧

Let me begin with a review of our work in 2016.過去一年，我國發展面臨國內外諸多矛盾疊加、風險隱患交匯的嚴峻挑戰。在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，全國各族人民迎難而上，砥礪前行，推動經濟社會持續健康發展。In the past year, China’s development has faced grave challenges posed by a great many problems and interwoven risks and dangers both at home and abroad.However, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we the Chinese people have risen to the challenge and worked hard to press ahead, driving forward sustained, healthy economic and social development.黨的十八屆六中全會正式明確總書記的核心地位，體現了黨和人民的根本利益，對保證黨和國家興旺發達、長治久安，具有十分重大而深遠的意義。At the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Party Central Committee,the core position of General Secretary Xi Jinping was formally affirmed, which reflects the fundamental interests of the Party and the Chinese people, and is of crucial and far-reaching significance for ensuring the flourishing and long-term stability of the Party and the country.各地區、各部門不斷增強政治意識、大局意識、核心意識、看齊意識，推動全面建成小康社會取得新的重要進展，全面深化改革邁出重大步伐，全面依法治國深入實施，全面從嚴治黨縱深推進，全年經濟社會發展主要目標任務圓滿完成，“十三五”實現了良好開局。

All regions and all government departments have steadily strengthened their consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, uphold the leadership core, and keep in alignment.Pushing ahead with all-around efforts, we have achieved major progress in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, made important strides in deepening reform, continued to exercise law-based governance, and made further progress in practicing strict Party self-governance;and we have accomplished the year’s main tasks and targets for economic and social development, and got the 13th Five-Year Plan off to a great start.——經濟運行緩中趨穩、穩中向好。國內生產總值達到74.4萬億元，增長6.7%，名列世界前茅，對全球經濟增長的貢獻率超過30%。居民消費價格上漲2%。The economy has registered a slower but stable performance with good momentum for growth.GDP reached 74.4 trillion yuan, representing 6.7-percent growth, and seeing China outpace most other economies.China contributed more than 30 percent of global growth.The CPI rose by 2 percent.工業企業利潤由上年下降2.3%轉為增長8.5%，單位國內生產總值能耗下降5%，經濟發展的質量和效益明顯提高。

With an 8.5-percent increase in profits, industrial enterprises reversed the previous year’s negative growth of 2.3 percent.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 5 percent.Economic performance improved markedly in quality and returns.——就業增長超出預期。全年城鎮新增就業1314萬人。高校畢業生就業創業人數再創新高。年末城鎮登記失業率4.02%，為多年來最低。13億多人口的發展中大國，就業比較充分，十分不易。

Employment growth exceeded projections.A total of 13.14 million new urban jobs were added over the course of the year.The number of college graduates finding employment or starting businesses reached another record high.The registered urban unemployment rate stood at 4.02 percent at year-end 2016, the lowest level in years.For China, a large developing country with a population of over 1.3 billion, attaining this level of employment is no easy task.——改革開放深入推進。重要領域和關鍵環節改革取得突破性進展，供給側結構性改革初見成效。對外開放推出新舉措，“一帶一路”建設進展快速，一批重大工程和國際產能合作項目落地。

Continued advances were made in reform and opening up.Breakthroughs were made in reforms in major sectors and key links, and initial success was achieved in supply-side structural reform.New measures were introduced for opening China up, rapid progress was made in pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative, and a number of major projects and industrial-capacity cooperation projects with other countries were launched.——經濟結構加快調整。消費在經濟增長中發揮主要拉動作用。服務業增加值占國內生產總值比重上升到51.6%。高技術產業、裝備制造業較快增長。農業穩中調優，糧食再獲豐收。

Economic structural adjustment was stepped up.Consumption was the main driver of economic growth.The value created by the service sector rose to 51.6 percent of GDP.High-tech industries and equipment manufacturing grew rapidly.In agriculture, production was stable and structural adjustments were made, and we had continued good grain harvests.——發展新動能不斷增強。創新驅動發展戰略深入實施。科技領域取得一批國際領先的重大成果。新興產業蓬勃興起，傳統產業加快轉型升級。

New drivers of growth gained strength.Further progress was made in pursuing the innovation-driven development strategy, and a number of world-leading achievements were made in science and technology.Emerging industries were thriving, and the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries accelerated.大眾創業、萬眾創新廣泛開展，全年新登記企業增長24.5%，平均每天新增1.5萬戶，加上個體工商戶等，各類市場主體每天新增4.5萬戶。新動能正在撐起發展新天地。

People were busy launching businesses or making innovations, with a 24.5-percent year-on-year increase in the number of new businesses registered-an average of 15,000 new businesses daily.With self-employed traders and other market entities included we had an average of 45,000 new market entities launched per day.New growth drivers are opening new prospects for China’s development.——基礎設施支撐能力持續提升。新建高速鐵路投產里程超過1900公里，新建改建高速公路6700多公里、農村公路29萬公里。城市軌道交通、地下綜合管廊建設加快。新開工重大水利工程21項。新增第四代移動通信用戶3.4億、光纜線路550多萬公里。

Infrastructure became ever-better able to sustain development.Over 1,900 kilometers of new high-speed rail lines came into service, and more than 6,700 kilometers of expressways and 290,000 kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded.Construction picked up pace on urban rail transit facilities and underground utility tunnels.Construction began on 21 major water conservancy projects.The number of 4G mobile communications subscribers grew by 340 million and over 5.5 million kilometers of optical fiber cables were added.——人民生活繼續改善。全國居民人均可支配收入實際增長6.3%。農村貧困人口減少1240萬，易地扶貧搬遷人口超過240萬。棚戶區住房改造600多萬套，農村危房改造380多萬戶。國內旅游快速增長，出境旅游超過1.2億人次，城鄉居民生活水平有新的提高。

Living standards were improved.Personal per capita disposable income increased by 6.3 percent in real terms.The number of people living in poverty in rural areas was reduced by 12.4 million, including more than 2.4 million people relocated from inhospitable areas.More than 6 million homes in rundown urban areas and over 3.8 million dilapidated rural houses were renovated.In tourism, domestic trips showed rapid growth, and overseas trips exceeded 120 million.People in both urban and rural areas saw arise in living standards.我國成功主辦二十國集團領導人杭州峰會，推動取得一系列開創性、引領性、機制性重要成果，在全球經濟治理中留下深刻的中國印記。

China successfully hosted the G20 2016 Hangzhou Summit, and helped to deliver a number of important pioneering, leading, and institutional outcomes, thus doing its part for global economic governance.回顧過去一年，走過的路很不尋常。我們面對的是世界經濟和貿易增速7年來最低、國際金融市場波動加劇、地區和全球性挑戰突發多發的外部環境，面對的是國內結構性問題突出、風險隱患顯現、經濟下行壓力加大的多重困難，面對的是改革進入攻堅期、利益關系深刻調整、影響社會穩定因素增多的復雜局面。2016 was an unusual year in our country’s development.China was confronted with an external environment in which the world saw the lowest economic and trade growth in seven years, growing volatility in global financial markets, and sudden and frequent regional and global challenges.Domestically, China faced multiple difficulties: major structural problems, prominent risks and dangers, and mounting downward pressure on the economy.China found itself in a complex environment as reform entered a critical stage, profound changes took place affecting interests, and factors impacting social stability grew.在這種情況下，經濟能夠穩住很不容易，出現諸多向好變化更為難得。這再次表明，中國人民有勇氣、有智慧、有能力戰勝任何艱難險阻，中國經濟有潛力、有韌性、有優勢，中國的發展前景一定會更好。Given all these factors, it was not easy for us to maintain stable economic performance.And yet we succeeded, and even managed to make progress on many fronts.Once again, this shows that we the Chinese people have the courage, ingenuity, and ability to overcome any difficulty or hardship.It also shows that the Chinese economy possesses potential, resilience, and strengths, so we can be sure there is even better development ahead for China.一年來，我們主要做了以下工作。

I will now move on to discuss our main work last year: 一是繼續創新和加強宏觀調控，經濟運行保持在合理區間。

First, we continued to develop new and more effective ways of carrying out regulation at the macro level, thus keeping the economy performing within an appropriate range.去年宏觀調控面臨多難抉擇，我們堅持不搞“大水漫灌”式強刺激，而是依靠改革創新來穩增長、調結構、防風險，在區間調控基礎上，加強定向調控、相機調控。Last year, we faced difficult choices in conducting macro-level regulation, but we stood firm in not adopting strong stimulus policies that would have had an economy-wide impact, and strived instead to maintain steady growth, adjust the structure, and guard against risks through reform and innovation.We strengthened targeted and well-timed regulation on the basis of range-based regulation.積極的財政政策力度加大，增加的財政赤字主要用于減稅降費。全面推開營改增試點，全年降低企業稅負5700多億元，所有行業實現稅負只減不增。制定實施中央與地方增值稅收入劃分過渡方案，確保地方既有財力不變。擴大地方政府存量債務置換規模，降低利息負擔約4000億元。

More proactive fiscal policy was pursued, and the increase in the fiscal deficit was used mainly to cover tax and fee cuts.The trial replacement of business tax with value added tax(VAT)was extended to cover all sectors, slashing the tax burden of businesses for the year by over 570 billion yuan and reducing tax burdens in every sector.A transitional plan for sharing VAT revenue between the central and local governments was formulated and implemented to ensure financial resources of local governments remained unchanged.More local government bonds were issued to replace outstanding debts, reducing interest payments by roughly 400 billion yuan.穩健的貨幣政策靈活適度，廣義貨幣M2增長11.3%，低于13%左右的預期目標。綜合運用多種貨幣政策工具，支持實體經濟發展。

A prudent monetary policy was pursued in a flexible and appropriate manner.The M2 money supply increased by 11.3 percent, below our projected target of around 13 percent.We used a range of monetary policy tools to support the development of the real economy.實施促進消費升級措施。出臺鼓勵民間投資等政策，投資出現企穩態勢。分類調控房地產市場。加強金融風險防控，人民幣匯率形成機制進一步完善，保持了在合理均衡水平上的基本穩定，維護了國家經濟金融安全。

Measures were taken to upgrade consumption.We unveiled policies to encourage private investment, and saw investment begin to stabilize.We exercised category-based regulation over the real estate market.We strengthened efforts to manage financial risks.The RMB exchange rate regime continued to improve, and the exchange rate remained generally stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level.With these measures, we have safeguarded China’s economic and financial security.二是著力抓好“三去一降一補”，供給結構有所改善。

Second, we focused on five priority tasks — cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness — thereby improving the composition of supply.以鋼鐵、煤炭行業為重點去產能，全年退出鋼鐵產能超過6500萬噸、煤炭產能超過2.9億噸，超額完成目標任務，分流職工得到較好安置。

Particular priority was given to cutting overcapacity in the steel and coal sectors.Over the year, steel production capacity was cut by more than 65 million metric tons and coal by over 290 million metric tons, going beyond annual targets.Effective assistance was provided to laid-off employees.支持農民工在城鎮購房，提高棚改貨幣化安置比例，房地產去庫存取得積極成效。We supported migrant workers in buying urban homes;and we increased the proportion of people affected by rebuilding in rundown urban areas receiving monetary compensation, making good progress in reducing real estate inventory.推動企業兼并重組，發展直接融資，實施市場化法治化債轉股，工業企業資產負債率有所下降。

Business acquisitions and reorganizations were encouraged, direct financing was promoted, and market-and law-based debt-to-equity swaps were carried out, lowering the debt-to-asset ratio of industrial enterprises.著眼促進企業降成本，出臺減稅降費、降低“五險一金”繳費比例、下調用電價格等舉措。

To help enterprises lower operating costs, we introduced measures to cut taxes and fees, lower the share paid by enterprises for social security contributions,(1)and cut the price of electricity.加大補短板力度，辦了一批當前急需又利長遠的大事。

We boosted efforts to strengthen areas of weakness and undertook major initiatives that both help to meet urgent needs today and promise long-term benefits.三是大力深化改革開放，發展活力進一步增強。全面深化改革，推出一批標志性、支柱性改革舉措。圍繞處理好政府和市場關系這一經濟體制改革的核心問題，持續推進簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務改革。

Third, we worked hard to deepen reform and opening up, further strengthening the vitality of development.Reform was deepened across the board, and a good number of landmark and pillar reform initiatives were undertaken.To balance the government-market relationship — the pivotal issue in economic structural reform — we continued reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services.My administration’s goal of cutting the number of items requiring government review by a third had been achieved ahead of schedule.在提前完成本屆政府減少行政審批事項三分之一目標的基礎上，去年又取消165項國務院部門及其指定地方實施的審批事項，清理規范192項審批中介服務事項、220項職業資格許可認定事項。深化商事制度改革。

On that basis, last year we cancelled the requirement on a further 165 items for review by State Council departments and authorized local governments.We also overhauled and standardized 192 items of intermediary services for government review as well as 220 items of approvals and accreditations for professional qualifications.We deepened institutional reforms in the business sector.全面推行“雙隨機、一公開”，增強事中事后監管的有效性，推進“互聯網+政務服務”。

We introduced an oversight model of random inspection and public release across the board,(2)made operational and post-operational oversight more effective, and promoted the Internet Plus government services model.推動國有企業調整重組和混合所有制改革。建立公平競爭審查制度。深化資源稅改革。

We pushed ahead with reforms to restructure and reorganize state-owned enterprises(SOEs)and introduce into them mixed ownership structures.We established a review system to ensure fair competition.We deepened resource tax reforms.完善農村土地“三權分置”辦法，建立貧困退出機制。推進科技管理體制改革，擴大高校和科研院所自主權，出臺以增加知識價值為導向的分配政策。

We improved measures for separating rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights, and established a mechanism for determining whether people have been lifted out of poverty.We made progress in reforming the science and technology management system, gave greater autonomy to colleges and research institutes, and adopted profit distribution policies oriented toward increasing the value of knowledge.放開養老服務市場。擴大公立醫院綜合改革試點，深化藥品醫療器械審評審批制度改革。

We opened up the elderly services market.We expanded the trials of comprehensive reforms in public hospitals and deepened reform of the evaluation and approval systems for medicine and medical equipment.制定自然資源統一確權登記辦法，開展省以下環保機構監測監察執法垂直管理、耕地輪作休耕改革等試點，全面推行河長制，健全生態保護補償機制。改革為經濟社會發展增添了新動力。

We formulated unified measures to determine and register natural resource rights.We piloted reforms for conducting direct oversight by provincial-level environmental protection agencies over the environmental monitoring and inspection work of environmental protection agencies below the provincial level, as well as crop rotation and fallow land reforms.The river chief system was introduced for all lakes and rivers across the country, and the mechanisms for compensating for ecological conservation efforts were improved.Reform has given new impetus to economic and social development.積極擴大對外開放。推進“一帶一路”建設，與沿線國家加強戰略對接、務實合作。We opened China wider to the rest of the world.As we pushed ahead with the Belt and Road Initiative, we worked to increase complementarity between the development strategies of, and practical cooperation between, China and other countries along the routes.人民幣正式納入國際貨幣基金組織特別提款權貨幣籃子。“深港通”開啟。完善促進外貿發展措施，新設12個跨境電子商務綜合試驗區，進出口逐步回穩。The RMB was formally included in the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights basket.The Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect was launched.We improved measures for promoting trade, and built 12 new integrated experimental zones for cross-border e-commerce, bringing about a steady recovery in the volume of import and export.推廣上海等自貿試驗區改革創新成果，新設7個自貿試驗區。除少數實行準入特別管理措施領域外，外資企業設立及變更一律由審批改為備案管理。實際使用外資1300多億美元，繼續位居發展中國家首位。

The new practices of pilot free trade zones in Shanghai and elsewhere were used to establish another seven pilot zones.The requirement for review and approval for setting up and making significant adjustments to foreign enterprises was replaced by a simple filing process, with the exception of a few areas where special market access requirements apply.In 2016, China utilized more than US$130 billion of overseas investment, continuing to rank first among developing countries.四是強化創新引領，新動能快速成長。

Fourth, we strengthened innovation’s leading role, spurring the rapid development of new growth drivers.深入推進“互聯網+”行動和國家大數據戰略，全面實施《中國制造2025》，落實和完善“雙創”政策措施。部署啟動面向2030年的科技創新重大項目，支持北京、上海建設具有全球影響力的科技創新中心，新設6個國家自主創新示范區。We took further steps to implement the Internet Plus action plan and the national big data strategy, fully implemented the Made in China 2025 initiative, and implemented and improved policies and measures to encourage people to launch businesses and innovate.We developed and launched a plan for completing major science and technology programs by 2030, supported Beijing and Shanghai in building themselves into global R&D centers, and established another six national innovation demonstration zones.Notes:(1)This includes old-age insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation, maternity insurance, and housing provident fund schemes.(2)The model comprises inspections of randomly selected entities by randomly selected inspectors and the public release of inspection results.全社會研發經費支出與國內生產總值之比達到2.08%。國內有效發明專利擁有量突破100萬件，技術交易額超過1萬億元。科技進步貢獻率上升到56.2%，創新對發展的支撐作用明顯增強。

China’s R&D spending reached 2.08 percent of GDP.The number of in-force Chinese patents issued in China passed the million mark, and the value of technology transactions exceeded one trillion yuan.The contribution of scientific and technological progress to economic growth rose to 56.2 percent, and innovation’s role in powering development grew markedly.五是促進區域城鄉協調發展，新的增長極增長帶加快形成。

Fifth, we promoted more balanced development between regions and between rural and urban areas, and saw faster emergence of new growth poles and growth belts.深入實施“一帶一路”建設、京津冀協同發展、長江經濟帶發展三大戰略，啟動建設一批重點項目。編制西部大開發“十三五”規劃，實施新一輪東北振興戰略，推動中部地區崛起，支持東部地區率先發展。

We stepped up work to implement the three strategic initiatives(the Belt and Road, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration, and the Yangtze Economic Belt), and began construction on a number of key projects.We formulated the plan for the 13th Five-Year Plan period for large-scale development in the western region, launched a new round of initiatives as part of the Northeast revitalization strategy, drove progress in the rise of the central region, and supported the eastern region in leading the rest of the country in pursuing development.加快推進新型城鎮化，深化戶籍制度改革，全面推行居住證制度，又有1600萬人進城落戶。發展的協同疊加效應不斷顯現。

We sped up efforts to promote new types of urbanization, deepened reform of the household registration system, introduced the residence card system nationwide, and granted urban residency to another 16 million people from rural areas.The synergy building through coordinated development became more and more evident.六是加強生態文明建設，綠色發展取得新進展。Sixth, we strengthened ecological conservation and made fresh progress in pursuing green development.制定實施生態文明建設目標評價考核辦法，建設國家生態文明試驗區。強化大氣污染治理，二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量分別下降5.6%和4%，74個重點城市細顆粒物（PM2.5）年均濃度下降9.1%。優化能源結構，清潔能源消費比重提高1.7個百分點，煤炭消費比重下降2個百分點。

We formulated and introduced measures for assessing progress made in ecological improvement, and established national pilot zones for ecological conservation.We took stronger measures against air pollution and, as a result, saw a 5.6-percent decline in sulfur dioxide emissions, a 4-percent cut in nitrogen oxide emissions, and a 9.1-percent drop in the annual average density of fine particulate matter(PM2.5)in 74 key cities.We continued to improve the energy mix, increasing the share of clean energy consumption by 1.7 percentage points and cutting the share of coal consumption by 2 percentage points.推進水污染防治，出臺土壤污染防治行動計劃。開展中央環境保護督察，嚴肅查處一批環境違法案件，推動了環保工作深入開展。

We continued efforts to prevent and control water pollution, and adopted an action plan for preventing and controlling soil pollution.Central government inspections on environmental protection accountability were launched and violations of environmental protection laws were investigated and prosecuted, giving impetus to deeper efforts to protect the environment.七是注重保障和改善民生，人民群眾獲得感增強。

Seventh, we gave particular attention to ensuring and improving living standards, helping Chinese people gain a stronger sense of benefit.在財政收支壓力加大情況下，民生投入繼續增加。出臺新的就業創業政策，扎實做好重點人群、重點地區就業工作。全面推進脫貧攻堅，全國財政專項扶貧資金投入超過1000億元。提高低保、優撫、退休人員基本養老金等標準，為1700多萬困難和重度殘疾人發放生活或護理補貼。Despite growing pressure from fiscal imbalance, we continued to increase inputs in areas related to living standards.We launched new policies on employment and business startups, and carried out solid work on increasing employment for key target groups and priority regions.We made all-around progress in key battles to eradicate poverty and earmarked over 100 billion yuan from government budgets for poverty relief.We increased subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, basic pension payments, and other subsidies;and over 17 million people benefited through the provision of cost-of-living allowances for people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing care subsidies for people with severe disabilities.財政性教育經費支出占國內生產總值比例繼續超過4%。重點高校招收貧困地區農村學生人數增長21.3%。免除農村貧困家庭學生普通高中學雜費。全年資助各類學校家庭困難學生8400多萬人次。

Fiscal spending on education continued to be over 4 percent of GDP.The number of students from poor rural areas enrolled in key universities grew by 21.3 percent.We waived tuition and miscellaneous fees for students from poor rural families at regular senior high schools.Over the course of the year, more than 84 million grants were given to students from poor families studying in all types of schools.整合城鄉居民基本醫保制度，提高財政補助標準。增加基本公共衛生服務經費。實現大病保險全覆蓋，符合規定的省內異地就醫住院費用可直接結算。The basic health insurance systems for rural and nonworking urban residents were merged and government subsidies for the system were increased.More funding was provided for basic public health services.Full coverage of the serious disease insurance scheme was achieved, and healthcare costs meeting relevant provisions can now be settled on the spot when incurred anywhere within the provincial-level administrative area where insurance is registered.加強基層公共文化服務。實施全民健身計劃，體育健兒在里約奧運會、殘奧會上再創佳績。

We increased public cultural services at the community level.The Fitness for All initiative was launched, and Chinese athletes gave an excellent performance at the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.去年部分地區特別是長江流域發生嚴重洪澇等災害，通過及時有力開展搶險救災，緊急轉移安置900多萬人次，最大限度降低了災害損失，恢復重建有序進行。

Last year, parts of the country, especially the Yangtze basin, were hit by severe flooding and other disasters.We acted quickly to provide effective rescue and relief, swiftly relocated over 9 million people, minimized damage and loss, and made systematic progress with recovery and reconstruction efforts.八是推進政府建設和治理創新，社會保持和諧穩定。

Eighth, we continued to enhance government performance and improve governance, thus ensuring social harmony and stability.國務院提請全國人大常委會審議法律議案13件，制定修訂行政法規8件。完善公共決策吸納民意機制，認真辦理人大代表建議和政協委員提案。推進政務公開，省級政府部門權力和責任清單全面公布。

The State Council submitted 13 legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress(NPC)for approval and adopted or revised 8 sets of administrative regulations.We improved mechanisms for drawing on public opinions in decision making on public issues and worked with keen attention to handle the proposals and suggestions of NPC deputies and CPPCC National Committee members.We made progress in strengthening government transparency by releasing lists of the powers and responsibilities of all provincial-level government departments.加大督查問責力度，組織開展第三次國務院大督查，對去產能、民間投資等政策落實情況進行專項督查和第三方評估，嚴肅查處一些地區違規新建鋼鐵項目、生產銷售“地條鋼”等行為。

We intensified accountability inspections.The third State Council accountability inspection was carried out;special inspections and third-party evaluations were conducted on the implementation of policies related to cutting overcapacity and encouraging private investment;and new steel projects launched in breach of regulations and the production and sale of substandard steel products were strictly investigated and dealt with.加強安全生產工作，事故總量和重特大事故數量繼續下降。

We strengthened workplace safety efforts and saw a continued decline in the total number of accidents and in the number of accidents of a serious nature.強化社會治安綜合治理，依法打擊違法犯罪，有力維護了國家安全和公共安全。We took comprehensive measures to maintain law and order and, in accordance with law, cracked down on crime and other violations, effectively safeguarding national and public security.扎實開展“兩學一做”學習教育，認真落實黨中央八項規定精神，堅決糾正“四風”，嚴格執行國務院“約法三章”。

We carried out in earnest activities to enable Party members to gain a good understanding of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major policy addresses and to meet Party standards.We worked scrupulously to ensure compliance with the Party Central Committee’s eight-point decision on improving Party and government conduct, took firm action to address formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, and rigorously enforced the State Council’s three-point decision on curbing government spending.依法懲處一批腐敗分子，反腐敗斗爭形成壓倒性態勢。

We punished a number of corrupt officials in accordance with law, and the fight against corruption has built up irresistible momentum.過去一年，中國特色大國外交卓有成效。習近平主席等國家領導人出訪多國，出席亞太經合組織領導人非正式會議、上海合作組織峰會、金磚國家領導人會晤、核安全峰會、聯大系列高級別會議、亞歐首腦會議、東亞合作領導人系列會議等重大活動。成功舉辦瀾滄江－湄公河合作首次領導人會議。

As a major country, China has made outstanding achievements in its diplomacy with distinctive features over the past year.President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders visited many countries.They attended major international events, including the 24th APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit, the BRICS Leaders Meeting, the Nuclear Security Summit, high-level meetings of the 71st session of the UN General Assembly, the Asia-Europe Meeting, and the East Asian leaders meetings on cooperation.We hosted the first-ever Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Leaders Meeting.同主要大國協調合作得到加強，同周邊國家全面合作持續推進，同發展中國家友好合作不斷深化，同聯合國等國際組織聯系更加密切。

China’s coordination and cooperation with other major countries were strengthened, its comprehensive cooperation with neighboring countries continued to be boosted, its friendship and cooperation with other developing countries were deepened, and its interactions with the UN and other international organizations became closer.積極促進全球治理體系改革與完善。推動《巴黎協定》生效。經濟外交、人文交流成果豐碩。堅定維護國家領土主權和海洋權益。中國作為負責任大國，在國際和地區事務中發揮了建設性作用，為世界和平與發展作出了重要貢獻。China was actively involved in reforming and improving the global governance system.We played our part in ensuring that the Paris Agreement was put into force.Economic diplomacy and personal and cultural exchanges yielded notable outcomes.We were resolute in upholding China’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and maritime rights and interests.As a responsible major country, China has been playing a constructive role in international and regional issues and has made significant contributions to world peace and development.隆重慶祝中國共產黨成立95周年，隆重紀念中國工農紅軍長征勝利80周年，宣示了我們不忘初心、繼續前進、戰勝一切困難的堅強意志，彰顯了全國人民走好新的長征路、不斷奪取新勝利的堅定決心！

We celebrated the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Long March of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army, demonstrating our unshakeable will to remain true to the founding mission of the Party, to keep pressing ahead, and to overcome all difficulties, and showing the firm determination of all Chinese people to keep up our stride on the new Long March and continue striving for new victories.各位代表！

過去一年取得的成績，是以習近平同志為核心的黨中央正確領導的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民團結奮斗的結果。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設事業的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯感謝！Esteemed Deputies，We owe all the achievements made over the past year to the sound leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and the concerted efforts of the Party, the military, and the people of all our nation’s ethnic groups.On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express our sincere gratitude to all our people, including public figures from all sectors of society, and to other parties and people’s organizations.I express our sincere appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, and to Chinese nationals overseas.I also wish to express our heartfelt thanks to the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who have shown understanding and support for China in its endeavor to modernize.我們也清醒看到，經濟社會發展中還存在不少困難和問題。經濟增長內生動力仍需增強，部分行業產能過剩嚴重，一些企業生產經營困難較多，地區經濟走勢分化，財政收支矛盾較大，經濟金融風險隱患不容忽視。環境污染形勢依然嚴峻，特別是一些地區嚴重霧霾頻發，治理措施需要進一步加強。在住房、教育、醫療、養老、食品藥品安全、收入分配等方面，人民群眾還有不少不滿意的地方。煤礦、建筑、交通等領域發生了一些重大安全事故，令人痛心。政府工作存在不足，有些改革舉措和政策落實不到位，涉企收費多、群眾辦事難等問題仍較突出，行政執法中存在不規范不公正不文明現象，少數干部懶政怠政、推諉扯皮，一些領域腐敗問題時有發生。我們一定要直面挑戰，敢于擔當，全力以赴做好政府工作，不辱歷史使命，不負人民重托。

Yet we must not lose sight of the many problems and challenges China faces in pursuing economic and social development.The internal forces driving economic growth need to be strengthened.Overcapacity poses a serious challenge in some industries.Some enterprises face difficulties in their production and operations.Economic prospects for different regions are divergent.Fiscal imbalance is becoming great.And potential economic and financial risks cannot be overlooked.Environmental pollution remains grave, and in particular, some areas are frequently hit by heavy smog.We need to further strengthen our steps to combat pollution.There are also many problems causing public concern in housing, education, healthcare, elderly care, food and drug safety, and income distribution.It is distressing that there were some major accidents in the coal mining, construction, and transportation sectors.There is still room for improvement in government performance.Some reform policies and measures have not been fully implemented.Excess fees and charges being levied on businesses and difficulties facing individuals who want to access government services remain standout problems.We still see problems of laws and regulations being enforced in a non-standard, unfair, or uncivil way.A small number of government employees are lazy and neglectful of their duties or shirk responsibility.Corruption often occurs in some sectors.We must confront these challenges head-on, be ready to bear the weight of responsibility, and do our all to deliver.We must fulfill our historic mission and live up to the great trust placed in us by the Chinese people.二、2017年工作總體部署

今年將召開中國共產黨第十九次全國代表大會，是黨和國家事業發展中具有重大意義的一年。做好政府工作，要在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央領導下，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，全面貫徹黨的十八大和十八屆三中、四中、五中、六中全會精神，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀為指導，深入貫徹總書記系列重要講話精神和治國理政新理念新思想新戰略，統籌推進“五位一體”總體布局和協調推進“四個全面”戰略布局，堅持穩中求進工作總基調，牢固樹立和貫徹落實新發展理念，適應把握引領經濟發展新常態，堅持以提高發展質量和效益為中心，堅持宏觀政策要穩、產業政策要準、微觀政策要活、改革政策要實、社會政策要托底的政策思路，堅持以推進供給側結構性改革為主線，適度擴大總需求，加強預期引導，深化創新驅動，全面做好穩增長、促改革、調結構、惠民生、防風險各項工作，保持經濟平穩健康發展和社會和諧穩定，以優異成績迎接黨的十九大勝利召開。Esteemed Deputies, I now wish to discuss with you what the government will do in 2017.This year, the Communist Party of China will hold its 19th National Congress, so it will be a year of great significance for advancing the cause of the Party and our country.To deliver in our work this year, the government will do the following:

— Follow the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core

— Hold high the banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics

— Implement fully the guidelines from the 18th National Party Congress and those of the third through sixth plenary sessions of the 18th Party Central Committee

— Take as our guide Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development

— Put into practice the principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major addresses and his new vision, thinking, and strategies for China’s governance — Promote balanced economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress and coordinated implementation of the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy(1)

— Remain committed to the underlying principle of making progress while keeping performance stable

— Gain a strong understanding of and put into practice the new development philosophy

— Adapt to, approach in the right way, and steer the new normal in economic development

— Give central importance to improving the quality and returns of development — Ensure that macro-level policy is consistent, industrial policy is targeted, micro-level policy injects dynamism into the market, reform policy delivers outcomes, and social policy sees basic living needs are met — Focus on supply-side structural reform — Expand aggregate demand as appropriate — Do better in guiding expectations

— Strengthen the role of innovation in driving development

— Maintain stable growth, promote reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risks

— Maintain stable and sound economic development as well as social harmony and stability

These efforts should enable us to pave the way for the 19th National Party Congress with outstanding achievements.綜合分析國內外形勢，我們要做好應對更加復雜嚴峻局面的充分準備。世界經濟增長低迷態勢仍在延續，“逆全球化”思潮和保護主義傾向抬頭，主要經濟體政策走向及外溢效應變數較大，不穩定不確定因素明顯增加。我國發展處在爬坡過坎的關鍵階段，經濟運行存在不少突出矛盾和問題。困難不容低估，信心不可動搖。我國物質基礎雄厚、人力資源充裕、市場規模龐大、產業配套齊全、科技進步加快、基礎設施比較完善，經濟發展具有良好支撐條件，宏觀調控還有不少創新手段和政策儲備。我們堅信，有黨的堅強領導，堅持黨的基本路線，堅定不移走中國特色社會主義道路，依靠人民群眾的無窮創造力，萬眾一心、奮力拼搏，我國發展一定能夠創造新的輝煌。

The developments both in and outside of China require that we are ready to face more complicated and graver situations.World economic growth remains sluggish, and both the deglobalization trend and protectionism are growing.There are many uncertainties about the direction of the major economies’ policies and their spillover effects, and the factors that could cause instability and uncertainty are visibly increasing.China is at a crucial and challenging stage in its own development endeavors, and there are many salient challenges and problems in the economy.The difficulties we face are not to be underestimated, but we must remain confident that they will be overcome.China has a solid material foundation, abundant human resources, a huge market, and a complete system of industries.It is making faster scientific and technological progress, and has a complete range of infrastructure.We have good conditions for sustaining economic development, and many innovative tools and policy options for conducting macroeconomic regulation.We should follow the leadership of the Party, uphold the Party’s fundamental political guidelines, and keep to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics;we should rely on the inexhaustible creativity of the people, unite as one, and forge ahead.It is our firm belief that by doing this, we will make great new achievements in China’s development.今年發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長6.5%左右，在實際工作中爭取更好結果；居民消費價格漲幅3%左右；城鎮新增就業1100萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率4.5%以內；進出口回穩向好，國際收支基本平衡；居民收入和經濟增長基本同步；單位國內生產總值能耗下降3.4%以上，主要污染物排放量繼續下降。

Based on the above considerations, we have set the following key projected targets for development this year:

— GDP growth of around 6.5 percent, or higher if possible in practice — CPI increase kept at around 3 percent

— Over 11 million new urban jobs, and a registered urban unemployment rate within 4.5 percent

— A steady rise in import and export volumes, and a basic balance in international payments

— Increases in personal income basically in step with economic growth — A reduction of at least 3.4 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP, and continued reductions in the release of major pollutants

今年的經濟增長預期目標，符合經濟規律和客觀實際，有利于引導和穩定預期、調整結構，也同全面建成小康社會要求相銜接。穩增長的重要目的是為了保就業、惠民生。今年就業壓力加大，要堅持就業優先戰略，實施更加積極的就業政策。城鎮新增就業預期目標比去年多100萬人，突出了更加重視就業的導向。從經濟基本面和就業吸納能力看，這一目標通過努力是能夠實現的。

The projected target for this year’s growth is realistic and in keeping with economic principles;it will help steer and steady expectations and make structural adjustments;and it will help achieve the goal of finishing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.An important reason for stressing the need to maintain stable growth is to ensure employment and improve people’s lives.As employment pressure grows this year, we will continue to give top priority to creating jobs and implement a more proactive employment policy.This year’s target for urban job creation is one million more than last year, underlining the greater importance we are attaching to employment.Considering our sound economic fundamentals and the capacity they bring for job creation, with hard work, this target is attainable.Note:(1)This refers to making comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance the law-based governance of China, and strengthen Party self-governance.今年要繼續實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，在區間調控基礎上加強定向調控、相機調控，提高預見性、精準性和有效性，注重消費、投資、區域、產業、環保等政策的協調配合，確保經濟運行在合理區間。

This year, we will continue to pursue a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.On the basis of conducting range-based regulation, we will focus more on targeted and well-timed regulation and increase the foresight, precision, and effectiveness of our regulation.We will strengthen coordination of consumption, investment, regional, industrial, and environmental protection policies, and ensure the economy performs within an appropriate range.財政政策要更加積極有效。今年赤字率擬按3%安排，財政赤字2.38萬億元，比去年增加2000億元。其中，中央財政赤字1.55萬億元，地方財政赤字8300億元。安排地方專項債券8000億元，繼續發行地方政府置換債券。今年赤字率保持不變，主要是為了進一步減稅降費，全年再減少企業稅負3500億元左右、涉企收費約2000億元，一定要讓市場主體有切身感受。

We will pursue a more proactive and effective fiscal policy.This year’s deficit-to-GDP ratio is projected to be 3 percent, with the fiscal deficit set at 2.38 trillion yuan, representing a year-on-year increase of 200 billion yuan.To break this down, the projected deficit of the central government is 1.55 trillion yuan, and the projected deficit of local governments is 830 billion yuan.Local government special bonds to be issued will total 800 billion yuan, and local government bonds will continue to be issued to replace their outstanding debt.The main reason for keeping this year’s deficit-to-GDP ratio unchanged is to allow for further reductions in taxes and fees.Over the course of the year, the tax burden on businesses will be further eased by around 350 billion yuan, and business related fees will be further cut by around 200 billion yuan to benefit market entities.財政預算安排要突出重點、有保有壓，加大力度補短板、惠民生。對地方一般性轉移支付規模增長9.5%，重點增加均衡性轉移支付和困難地區財力補助。壓縮非重點支出，減少對績效不高項目的預算安排。

Government budgets should highlight priorities;spending in some areas should be maintained while in others cuts should be made;and more should be spent to strengthen areas of weakness and improve living standards.General transfer payments to local governments will be increased by 9.5 percent, with the focus on increasing transfer payments for equalizing access to basic public services and stepping up subsidies for regions facing economic difficulties.We will scale down non-priority spending and cut budgets for projects that do not deliver desired outcomes.各級政府要堅持過緊日子，中央部門要帶頭，一律按不低于5%的幅度壓減一般性支出，決不允許增加“三公”經費，擠出更多資金用于減稅降費，堅守節用裕民的正道。

Governments at all levels should tighten their belts, and central government departments should take the lead by cutting no less than 5 percent of their general expenditures.No increase in spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, or official hospitality is permitted;and we will squeeze out more funds to cover cuts in taxes and fees.We will keep government spending low and enrich our people.貨幣政策要保持穩健中性。今年廣義貨幣M2和社會融資規模余額預期增長均為12%左右。要綜合運用貨幣政策工具，維護流動性基本穩定，合理引導市場利率水平，疏通傳導機制，促進金融資源更多流向實體經濟，特別是支持“三農”和小微企業。堅持匯率市場化改革方向，保持人民幣在全球貨幣體系中的穩定地位。We will continue to pursue a prudent and neutral monetary policy.The M2 money supply and aggregate financing are forecasted to grow by around 12 percent in 2017.We will apply a full range of monetary policy instruments, maintain basic stability in liquidity, see that market interest rates remain at an appropriate level, and improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy.We will encourage a greater flow of financial resources into the real economy, particularly in support of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, and small and micro businesses.The RMB exchange rate will be further liberalized, and the currency’s stable position in the global monetary system will be maintained.做好今年政府工作，要把握好以下幾點。

To deliver a good performance this year, we in government should stick to the following guidelines:

一是貫徹穩中求進工作總基調，保持戰略定力。穩是大局，要著力穩增長、保就業、防風險，守住金融安全、民生保障、環境保護等方面的底線，確保經濟社會大局穩定。在穩的前提下要勇于進取，深入推進改革，加快結構調整，敢于啃“硬骨頭”，努力在關鍵領域取得新進展。

First, we should make progress while maintaining stable performance and keep our strategic focus.Stability is of overriding importance.We should ensure stable growth, maintain employment, and prevent risks.To ensure overall economic and social stability we must not allow the redline to be crossed concerning financial security, people’s wellbeing, or environmental protection.We should, while maintaining stable performance, endeavor to make progress, deepen reforms, accelerate structural adjustments, be prepared to take on some really tough problems, and push to make progress in key areas.二是堅持以推進供給側結構性改革為主線。必須把改善供給側結構作為主攻方向，通過簡政減稅、放寬準入、鼓勵創新，持續激發微觀主體活力，減少無效低效供給、擴大有效供給，更好適應和引導需求。這是一個化蛹成蝶的轉型升級過程，既充滿希望又伴隨陣痛，既非常緊迫又艱巨復雜。要勇往直前，堅決闖過這個關口。

Second, we should focus on supply-side structural reform.We must give priority to improving supply-side structure.We should streamline administration, reduce taxes, further expand market access, and encourage innovation;and we should keep micro entities energized, reduce ineffective supply while expanding effective supply, and better adapt to and guide demand.Like the struggle from chrysalis to butterfly, this process of transformation and upgrading is filled with promise but also accompanied by great pain;it is urgent, formidable, and complicated.We should press forward with courage and get the job done.三是適度擴大總需求并提高有效性。我國內需潛力巨大，擴內需既有必要也有可能，關鍵是找準發力點。要圍繞改善民生來擴大消費，著眼補短板、增后勁來增加投資，使擴內需更加有效、更可持續，使供給側改革和需求側管理相輔相成、相得益彰。

Third, we should expand aggregate demand as appropriate and improve its efficacy.China’s potential domestic demand is enormous, and it is both necessary and possible for domestic demand to be expanded.The key is to know where to start.We need to increase consumer spending to improve people’s lives, and boost investment to strengthen areas of weakness and sustain development, so that the expansion of domestic demand becomes more effective and sustainable and supply-side reform and demand-side regulation reinforce each other.四是依靠創新推動新舊動能轉換和結構優化升級。我國發展到現在這個階段，不靠改革創新沒有出路。我們擁有世界上數量最多、素質較高的勞動力，有最大規模的科技和專業技能人才隊伍，蘊藏著巨大的創新潛能。要堅持以改革開放為動力、以人力人才資源為支撐，加快創新發展，培育壯大新動能、改造提升傳統動能，提高全要素生產率，推動經濟保持中高速增長、產業邁向中高端水平。Fourth, we should rely on innovation to replace old growth drivers with new ones and speed up structural improvement and upgrading.Having reached the current stage of development, China can now advance only through reform and innovation.We have the largest quality workforce as well as the largest pool of scientists, engineers, and professionals in the world, and their potential for innovation is truly tremendous.We must continue to draw strength from reform and opening up, fully tap the potential of human resources and human capital, and move more quickly to pursue innovation-driven development.We should foster and develop new growth drivers while transforming and upgrading the traditional growth drivers, and increase total factor productivity.These steps will enable China’s economy to maintain a medium-high rate of growth and China’s industries to move toward the medium-high end.五是著力解決人民群眾普遍關心的突出問題。政府的一切工作都是為了人民，要踐行以人民為中心的發展思想，把握好我國處于社會主義初級階段的基本國情。對群眾反映強烈、期待迫切的問題，有條件的要抓緊解決，把好事辦好；一時難以解決的，要努力創造條件逐步加以解決。我們要咬定青山不放松，持之以恒為群眾辦實事、解難事，促進社會公平正義，把發展硬道理更多體現在增進人民福祉上。

Fifth, we should solve prominent problems of public concern.All government work is for the people.We should keep in mind the fact that China remains in the primary stage of socialism and pursue a people focused development philosophy.Where conditions permit, we will lose no time in solving problems about which the people have great concern and which demand speedy resolution.When problems cannot be solved for the time being, we will work to resolve them over time.We must make dedicated efforts to deliver services to the people, resolve the difficulties they face, promote social equity and justice, and demonstrate that development does better people’s lives.三、2017年重點工作任務

I now wish to discuss our major areas of work for 2017.面對今年艱巨繁重的改革發展穩定任務，我們要通觀全局、統籌兼顧，突出重點、把握關鍵，正確處理好各方面關系，著重抓好以下幾個方面工作。Confronted with the formidable tasks of reform and development and maintaining stability this year, we must keep in mind the big picture and adopt a holistic approach, have clear priorities and focus on key tasks, and properly handle interactions among various sectors.We should give priority to the following areas of work.（一）用改革的辦法深入推進“三去一降一補”。要在鞏固成果基礎上，針對新情況新問題，完善政策措施，努力取得更大成效。

1.Pushing ahead with the five priority tasks through reform

We should, on the basis of consolidating and building on what we have achieved, improve our policies and measures in light of new developments and new problems so as to make greater progress.扎實有效去產能。今年要再壓減鋼鐵產能5000萬噸左右，退出煤炭產能1.5億噸以上。同時，要淘汰、停建、緩建煤電產能5000萬千瓦以上，以防范化解煤電產能過剩風險，提高煤電行業效率，優化能源結構，為清潔能源發展騰空間。要嚴格執行環保、能耗、質量、安全等相關法律法規和標準，更多運用市場化法治化手段，有效處置“僵尸企業”，推動企業兼并重組、破產清算，堅決淘汰不達標的落后產能，嚴控過剩行業新上產能。Take solid and effective steps to cut overcapacity

This year, we will further reduce steel production capacity by around 50 million metric tons and shut down at least 150 million metric tons of coal production facilities.At the same time, we will suspend or postpone construction on or eliminate no less than 50 million kilowatts of coal-fired power generation capacity in order to guard against and defuse the risks of overcapacity in coal-fired power, improve the efficiency of this sector, optimize the energy mix, and make room for clean energy to develop.We will strictly enforce all laws, regulations, and standards on environmental protection, energy consumption, quality, and safety and make more use of market-and law-based methods as we work to address the problems of “zombie enterprises,” encourage enterprise mergers, restructuring, and bankruptcy liquidations, shut down all outdated production facilities that fail to meet standards, and stringently control the launching of new projects in industries that are already saddled with overcapacity.去產能必須安置好職工，中央財政專項獎補資金要及時撥付，地方和企業要落實相關資金與措施，確保分流職工就業有出路、生活有保障。

As overcapacity is cut, we must provide assistance to laid-off workers.Central government special funds for rewards and subsidies should be promptly allocated and local governments and enterprises need to put in place related funds and measures, to ensure that laid-off workers can find new jobs and secure their livelihoods.因城施策去庫存。目前三四線城市房地產庫存仍然較多，要支持居民自住和進城人員購房需求。

Take targeted policies to cut excess urban real estate inventory

At present, there is still excess supply in the real estate markets of third-and fourth-tier cities.We will support both local and new residents in buying homes for personal use.堅持住房的居住屬性，落實地方政府主體責任，加快建立和完善促進房地產市場平穩健康發展的長效機制，健全購租并舉的住房制度，以市場為主滿足多層次需求，以政府為主提供基本保障。加強房地產市場分類調控，房價上漲壓力大的城市要合理增加住宅用地，規范開發、銷售、中介等行為，遏制熱點城市房價過快上漲。

We need to be clear that housing is for people to live in, and local governments should take primary responsibility in this respect.We should move faster to establish robust long-term mechanisms for promoting the steady and sound development of the real estate sector and build a better housing system that gives equal weight to buying and renting, with multiple levels of demand being met primarily by the market, and basic housing support provided by the government.We will take more category-based and targeted steps to regulate the real estate market.Cities that are under big pressure from rising housing prices need to increase as appropriate the supply of land for residential use.We should better regulate housing development, marketing, and intermediary services, and keep home prices from rising too quickly in popular cities.目前城鎮還有幾千萬人居住在條件簡陋的棚戶區，要持續進行改造。今年再完成棚戶區住房改造600萬套，繼續發展公租房等保障性住房，因地制宜、多種方式提高貨幣化安置比例，加強配套設施建設和公共服務，讓更多住房困難家庭告別棚戶區，讓廣大人民群眾在住有所居中創造新生活。

Today several dozen million people still live in rundown areas in cities and towns.We must continue housing renovations in these areas.This year, we will renovate another 6 million housing units in these areas, continue to develop public rental housing and other forms of government-subsidized housing, base measures on local circumstances and use multiple means to increase the use of monetary compensation for those affected by such rebuilding, and improve local infrastructure and public services.With these efforts, we will help more families struggling with housing to bid farewell to rundown areas, and see that with good roofs over their heads our people move on to better lives.積極穩妥去杠桿。我國非金融企業杠桿率較高，這與儲蓄率高、以信貸為主的融資結構有關。要在控制總杠桿率的前提下，把降低企業杠桿率作為重中之重。促進企業盤活存量資產，推進資產證券化，支持市場化法治化債轉股，發展多層次資本市場，加大股權融資力度，強化企業特別是國有企業財務杠桿約束，逐步將企業負債降到合理水平。

Carry out deleveraging in an active and prudent way

There is high leverage in nonfinancial Chinese firms.This is caused by high savings rates and the composition of financing which is primarily based on credit.While working to control overall leverage, we should focus on bringing down the leverage of enterprises.We need to see that the idle assets of enterprises are put to use, push ahead with securitization of corporate assets, support market-and law-based debt-to-equity swaps, develop the multilevel capital market, expand equity financing, and place tighter constraints on enterprises, especially SOEs, in leveraging, so as to gradually reduce enterprise debt to an acceptable level.多措并舉降成本。擴大小微企業享受減半征收所得稅優惠的范圍，年應納稅所得額上限由30萬元提高到50萬元；科技型中小企業研發費用加計扣除比例由50%提高到75%，千方百計使結構性減稅力度和效應進一步顯現。名目繁多的收費使許多企業不堪重負，要大幅降低非稅負擔。Take multiple measures to cut costs

More small businesses with low profits will enjoy halved corporate income tax, with the upper limit of taxable annual income raised from 300,000 to 500,000 yuan.For small and medium high-tech enterprises, the proportion of R&D expenses covered by the additional tax reduction policy is to be raised from 50 to 75 percent.We will do all we can to see the intensity and impact of structural tax cuts deliver further results.The great number of charges have placed an unbearable burden on many businesses;we are going to slash non-tax burdens.一是全面清理規范政府性基金，取消城市公用事業附加等基金，授權地方政府自主減免部分基金。二是取消或停征中央涉企行政事業性收費35項，收費項目再減少一半以上，保留的項目要盡可能降低收費標準。各地也要削減涉企行政事業性收費。

First, we will completely overhaul government-managed funds, abolish municipal public utility surcharges, and authorize local governments to reduce and cancel some funds.Second, we will abolish or suspend 35 administrative charges paid by enterprises to the central government, again cutting the number of charges by more than half;and then reduce as far as possible those that still apply.Local governments also need to make significant cuts to government administrative fees.三是減少政府定價的涉企經營性收費，清理取消行政審批中介服務違規收費，推動降低金融、鐵路貨運等領域涉企經營性收費，加強對市場調節類經營服務性收費的監管。

Third, we will reduce government-set operating fees for businesses.Unauthorized fees charged by intermediaries for government review and approval will be overhauled or abolished.We will work toward lower operating fees levied on businesses in the finance and railway freight sectors.We will strengthen oversight over the collection of market-set service fees.四是繼續適當降低“五險一金”有關繳費比例。五是通過深化改革、完善政策，降低企業制度性交易成本，降低用能、物流等成本。各有關部門和單位都要舍小利顧大義，使企業輕裝上陣，創造條件形成我國競爭新優勢。

Fourth, we will continue to lower as appropriate the share paid by enterprises for contributions to social security.Fifth, we will deepen reforms and improve policies to reduce government imposed transaction costs for businesses and lower their energy and logistics costs.All government departments and agencies concerned should have in mind the overall interests of the country instead of their narrow departmental interests, reduce the financial burden on enterprises, and help them develop new advantages over international competition.精準加力補短板。要針對嚴重制約經濟社會發展和民生改善的突出問題，結合實施“十三五”規劃確定的重大項目，加大補短板力度，加快提升公共服務、基礎設施、創新發展、資源環境等支撐能力。

Take targeted and powerful measures to strengthen areas of weakness We need to focus on salient problems that are holding back economic and social development and making it difficult to improve people’s standards of living, and we should integrate efforts to undertake major projects set out in the 13th Five-Year Plan with efforts to strengthen areas of weakness.We should act faster to raise the capacity of public services, infrastructure, innovation-driven development, and resources and the environment to sustain development.貧困地區和貧困人口是全面建成小康社會最大的短板。要深入實施精準扶貧精準脫貧，今年再減少農村貧困人口1000萬以上，完成易地扶貧搬遷340萬人。中央財政專項扶貧資金增長30%以上。加強集中連片特困地區、革命老區、邊疆和民族地區開發，改善基礎設施和公共服務，推動特色產業發展、勞務輸出、教育和健康扶貧，做好因病等致貧返貧群眾幫扶，實施貧困村整體提升工程，增強貧困地區和貧困群眾自我發展能力。Poor areas and people living in poverty represent the area of greatest weakness we must face as we work to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We need to do more in implementing targeted poverty reduction and elimination measures.This year we will further reduce the number of rural residents living in poverty by over 10 million, including 3.4 million to be relocated from inhospitable areas.Central government funding for poverty alleviation will be increased by over 30 percent.We need to step up development in contiguous areas of extreme poverty, old revolutionary bases, border areas, and areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities.For this we should focus on the following work: improving infrastructure and public services;fostering poverty alleviation through distinctive local businesses, the domestic and overseas export of labor, and improving education and health care;providing assistance to people who become poor or sink back into poverty due to illness;implementing the program for improving life in poor villages;and building the self-development capacity of poor areas and people.推進貧困縣涉農資金整合，強化資金和項目監管。創新扶貧協作機制，支持和引導社會力量參與扶貧。切實落實脫貧攻堅責任制，實施最嚴格的評估考核，嚴肅查處假脫貧、“被脫貧”、數字脫貧，確保脫貧得到群眾認可、經得起歷史檢驗。In poor counties, different rural development funds will be merged, and oversight over funds and projects will be strengthened.We will develop new mechanisms for coordinating poverty reduction efforts.We will support and guide non-governmental participation in combating poverty.The system for ensuring responsibility is taken for poverty elimination will be effectively enforced, the strictest possible evaluations and assessments of poverty alleviation will be carried out, and stern measures will be taken to address deception, falsification, and the manipulation of numbers in poverty elimination work.We must see that the results of our poverty elimination earn the approval of our people and stand the test of time.（二）深化重要領域和關鍵環節改革。要全面深化各領域改革，加快推進基礎性、關鍵性改革，增強內生發展動力。

2.Deepening reform in major sectors and key links Full reform will be deepened in all areas.We will move faster to advance fundamental and critical reforms to boost the internal forces driving development.持續推進政府職能轉變。使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用和更好發揮政府作用，必須深化簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務改革。這是政府自身的一場深刻革命，要繼續以壯士斷腕的勇氣，堅決披荊斬棘向前推進。We will continue to transform government functions.To enable the market to play the decisive role in resource allocation and to give better play to the role of government, we must deepen reforms to streamline government administration, delegate more powers, and improve regulation and service.This is a profound reform of government itself, which we need to continue to pursue with the courage to make painful self-adjustments and overcome all odds.全面實行清單管理制度，制定國務院部門權力和責任清單，加快擴大市場準入負面清單試點，減少政府的自由裁量權，增加市場的自主選擇權。清理取消一批生產和服務許可證。深化商事制度改革，實行多證合一，擴大“證照分離”改革試點。完善事中事后監管制度，實現“雙隨機、一公開”監管全覆蓋，推進綜合行政執法。加快國務院部門和地方政府信息系統互聯互通，形成全國統一政務服務平臺。We will fully implement the list-based management system, formulate lists of powers and responsibilities of the departments under the State Council, accelerate the extension of trials of granting market access on the basis of a negative list, and reduce the discretionary powers of the government while giving the market more freedom to take its course.We will abolish the requirement for permits for a number of production and service activities.We will deepen institutional reforms in the business sector, merge different forms of certification required of businesses into one certificate, and expand trials to separate operating permits and business licenses.We will improve the system for conducting both registration and post-registration oversight over businesses, apply the oversight model of random inspection and public release to cover all business activities, and strengthen coordinated administrative law enforcement.We will accelerate efforts to make the information systems of the State Council departments and those of local governments better connected and form a nationally unified government service platform.我們一定要讓企業和群眾更多感受到“放管服”改革成效，著力打通“最后一公里”，堅決除煩苛之弊、施公平之策、開便利之門。

To see that businesses and the public benefit more from our reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services, we must cut red tape, level the playing field, provide greater convenience, and remove that last crucial hurdle.繼續推進財稅體制改革。落實和完善全面推開營改增政策。簡化增值稅稅率結構，今年由四檔稅率簡并至三檔，營造簡潔透明、更加公平的稅收環境，進一步減輕企業稅收負擔。加快推進中央與地方財政事權和支出責任劃分改革，制定收入劃分總體方案，健全地方稅體系，規范地方政府舉債行為。深入推進政府預決算公開，倒逼沉淀資金盤活，提高資金使用效率，每一筆錢都要花在明處、用出實效。We will continue to reform fiscal and tax systems.We will implement and improve policies on replacing business tax with VAT across the board.We will simplify the structure of VAT rates, and undertake this year to turn the four tax brackets into three.We will create a simple, transparent, and fairer tax environment and further ease the tax burden of our firms.We will move faster to advance the reform of defining the respective financial powers and expenditure responsibilities of the central and local governments, formulate an overall plan for central and local government revenue sharing, improve the local tax system, and better regulate local government debt financing.We will step up efforts to make government budgets and final accounts more transparent to create pressure for idle budgetary funds to be put to good use.We must use funds more efficiently, and ensure every single sum is spent where it can be seen and produces results.抓好金融體制改革。促進金融機構突出主業、下沉重心，增強服務實體經濟能力，堅決防止脫實向虛。

We will advance reforms in the financial sector.We will prompt financial institutions to focus on their main business and make their services accessible to small and micro businesses, strengthen their ability to serve the real economy, and resolutely prevent them from being distracted from their intended purpose.鼓勵大中型商業銀行設立普惠金融事業部，國有大型銀行要率先做到，實行差別化考核評價辦法和支持政策，有效緩解中小微企業融資難、融資貴問題。發揮好政策性開發性金融作用。推進農村信用社改革，強化服務“三農”功能。We will encourage large and medium commercial banks to establish inclusive finance departments.Large state-owned banks should take the lead in this effort.We will adopt differentiated assessment and evaluation measures and supportive policies, and effectively address the problem of medium, small, and micro enterprises being unable to access loans or having to pay high interest to secure loans.We will make good use of policy-backed and development-oriented finance.We will move forward with the reform of rural credit cooperatives and strengthen the role they play in meeting the needs of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.深化多層次資本市場改革，完善主板市場基礎性制度，積極發展創業板、新三板，規范發展區域性股權市場。拓寬保險資金支持實體經濟渠道。大力發展綠色金融。推動融資租賃業健康發展。

We will deepen the reform of the multi-tiered capital market, improve the basic systems of the main board, actively develop the ChiNext stock market and the new third board, and see that regional equity markets develop in a well-regulated way.We will expand channels for using insurance funds to support the real economy.We will make major efforts to develop green finance.We will give impetus to the sound development of the financial leasing industry.當前系統性風險總體可控，但對不良資產、債券違約、影子銀行、互聯網金融等累積風險要高度警惕。積極穩妥推進金融監管體制改革，有序化解處置突出風險點，整頓規范金融秩序，筑牢金融風險“防火墻”。

At present, overall, systemic risks are under control.But we must be fully alert to the buildup of risks, including risks related to non-performing assets, bond defaults, shadow banking, and Internet finance.We will take active and steady steps to advance the reform of the financial regulatory system, and work systematically to defuse major potential risks.We will ensure order in the financial sector and build a firewall against financial risks.我國經濟基本面好，商業銀行資本充足率、撥備覆蓋率比較高，可動用的工具和手段多。對守住不發生系統性金融風險的底線，我們有信心和底氣、有能力和辦法。

The fundamentals of the Chinese economy remain sound, the capital adequacy ratio and provision coverage of commercial banks remain high, and we have many financial tools and instruments that can be used.We have the confidence, the ability, and the means to forestall systemic risks.深入推進國企國資改革。要以提高核心競爭力和資源配置效率為目標，形成有效制衡的公司法人治理結構、靈活高效的市場化經營機制。今年要基本完成公司制改革。

We will deepen the reform of SOEs and state capital.We should develop a corporate governance structure(represented by legal person)that is under effective check and a flexible and efficient market-based operating system, with a view to increasing core competitiveness and making resource allocation more effective.This year we will basically complete the introduction of corporate systems into SOEs.We will deepen reform to establish mixed ownership systems, and make substantive progress in industries including electric power, petroleum, natural gas, railways, civil aviation, telecommunications, and defense.深化混合所有制改革，在電力、石油、天然氣、鐵路、民航、電信、軍工等領域邁出實質性步伐。抓好電力和石油天然氣體制改革，開放競爭性業務。持續推進國有企業瘦身健體、提質增效，抓緊剝離辦社會職能，解決歷史遺留問題。推進國有資本投資、運營公司改革試點。改善和加強國有資產監管，確保資產保值增值，把人民的共同財富切實守護好、發展好。

We will advance structural reform in the power, oil and gas sectors and open their competitive operations to the private sector.We will do more to make SOEs leaner and healthier, and perform better;and we will redouble efforts to relieve SOEs of their obligations to operate social programs and help them resolve other longstanding issues.We will make progress in work on piloting reforms in state capital investment and management companies.We will improve and strengthen regulation of state assets, and ensure that state assets maintain and increase their value, as we are duty bound to see that the common wealth of the people is well protected and grows.更好激發非公有制經濟活力。深入落實支持非公有制經濟發展的政策措施。積極構建新型政商關系。鼓勵非公有制企業參與國有企業改革。堅持權利平等、機會平等、規則平等，進一步放寬非公有制經濟市場準入。凡法律法規未明確禁入的行業和領域，都要允許各類市場主體平等進入；凡向外資開放的行業和領域，都要向民間資本開放；凡影響市場公平競爭的不合理行為，都要堅決制止。We will do more to energize the non-public sector.We will thoroughly implement the policies and measures for supporting the development of the non-public sector.We will work actively to develop a new relationship between government and business.We will encourage non-public enterprises to participate in SOE reforms.We must ensure equal rights, equal opportunities, and fair rules, and further expand market access to the non-public sector.All industries and sectors for which entry is not explicitly prohibited by laws or regulations should be open to different types of market entities;all industries and sectors that are open to overseas investment should be open to Chinese private capital;and all unjustified activities that impede fair market competition should be stopped.加強產權保護制度建設。保護產權就是保護勞動、保護發明創造、保護和發展生產力。要加快完善產權保護制度，依法保障各種所有制經濟組織和公民財產權，激勵人們創業創新創富，激發和保護企業家精神，使企業家安心經營、放心投資。對于侵害企業和公民產權的行為，必須嚴肅查處、有錯必糾。We will improve the property rights protection system.Protecting property rights means protecting labor, protecting invention and innovation, and protecting and developing productive forces.We will work faster to improve the property rights protection system and protect in accordance with law the property rights of economic entities under all forms of ownership and the property rights of citizens.We will encourage people to start businesses, make innovations, and create wealth, and we will inspire and protect entrepreneurship, and ensure that entrepreneurs can run their businesses and make investments with peace of mind.Activities that infringe on the property rights of businesses and citizens must be investigated and dealt with severely;anything that has been done wrong must be corrected.大力推進社會體制改革。

We will make a big push for progress in the reform of the social system.We will deepen reforms in support of change in the income distribution system.We will take steady steps to advance reform of the old-age insurance system, and allocate a portion of state capital to enlarge social security funds.We will deepen the coordinated reform of medical services, health insurance, and the medicine industry.We will introduce overall reform in public hospitals nationwide, abolish all markups on pharmaceuticals, and make coordinated progress in reforming health care pricing, staffing and remuneration, medicine distribution, and models of health insurance payment.We will continue reforms in education, the cultural sector, and public institutions to unleash society’s vast potential for growth.深化收入分配制度配套改革。穩步推動養老保險制度改革，劃轉部分國有資本充實社保基金。深化醫療、醫保、醫藥聯動改革。全面推開公立醫院綜合改革，全部取消藥品加成，協調推進醫療價格、人事薪酬、藥品流通、醫保支付方式等改革。深入推進教育、文化和事業單位等改革，把社會領域的巨大發展潛力充分釋放出來。

深化生態文明體制改革。完善主體功能區制度和生態補償機制，建立資源環境監測預警機制，開展健全國家自然資源資產管理體制試點，出臺國家公園體制總體方案，為生態文明建設提供有力制度保障。

We will deepen institutional reform to build a sound ecological environment.We will improve the functional zoning system and the mechanisms for compensating for ecological conservation efforts;we will put in place resource and environment monitoring and early-warning mechanisms;we will launch trials to improve the state natural resource assets management system;and we will introduce an overall plan for establishing a national parks system.All these efforts should provide effective institutional safeguards for building a sound ecological environment.（三）進一步釋放國內需求潛力。推動供給結構和需求結構相適應、消費升級和有效投資相促進、區域城鄉發展相協調，增強內需對經濟增長的持久拉動作用。3.Doing more to unleash the potential of domestic demand

We will push to see that the composition of supply becomes better matched with the composition of demand and that consumption upgrades and effective investment reinforce each other;we will promote coordinated development between regions and between rural and urban areas;and we will strengthen the role of domestic demand in sustaining growth.促進消費穩定增長。適應消費需求變化，完善政策措施，改善消費環境。一要加快發展服務消費。開展新一輪服務業綜合改革試點，支持社會力量提供教育、文化、養老、醫療等服務。推動服務業模式創新和跨界融合，發展醫養結合、文化創意等新興消費。落實帶薪休假制度，完善旅游設施和服務，大力發展鄉村、休閑、全域旅游。擴大數字家庭、在線教育等信息消費。促進電商、快遞進社區進農村，推動實體店銷售和網購融合發展。

We will promote a steady increase in consumer spending.We need to adapt to changes in consumer demand, improve our policies and measures, and create a better consumer environment.First, we need to speed up the development of service consumption.We will launch a new round of trials for comprehensive reform in the service sector, and support the non-governmental sector in providing educational, cultural, elderly care, healthcare, and other services.We will encourage development of new service models and cross-sectoral integration, combined medical and elderly care services, cultural and creative services, and other emerging forms of consumption.We will ensure paid vacations are enforced, improve tourist facilities and services, and make a big push to develop rural tourism, recreational tourism, and all-for-one tourism.We will increase information consumption including digital homes and online learning.We will see that communities and rural areas have better access to e-commerce and express delivery services, and encourage the integrated development of physical store sales and online shopping.二要增加高品質產品消費。引導企業增品種、提品質、創品牌，擴大內外銷產品“同線同標同質”實施范圍，更好滿足消費升級需求。三要整頓和規范市場秩序。嚴肅查處假冒偽劣、虛假廣告、價格欺詐等行為，加強消費者權益保護，讓群眾花錢消費少煩心、多舒心。

Second, we need to boost consumption of quality products.We will guide enterprises in increasing the variety of products, raising their quality, and building the brands of their products.More products sold domestically should be produced on the same production lines, meet the same standards, and be of the same quality as products for export in order to better satisfy the needs of upgrading consumption.Third, we need to ensure order in the market.We will be strict about investigating and punishing the production and sale of counterfeit and substandard goods, false advertising, and price fraud.We will strengthen the protection of consumer rights;and we will make sure that spending is an enjoyable rather than a disappointing experience for consumers.積極擴大有效投資。引導資金更多投向補短板、調結構、促創新、惠民生的領域。今年要完成鐵路建設投資8000億元、公路水運投資1.8萬億元，再開工15項重大水利工程，繼續加強軌道交通、民用和通用航空、電信基礎設施等重大項目建設。中央預算內投資安排5076億元。落實和完善促進民間投資的政策措施。深化政府和社會資本合作，完善相關價格、稅費等優惠政策，政府要帶頭講誠信，決不能隨意改變約定，決不能“新官不理舊賬”。

We will work proactively to expand effective investment.We will guide more investment into fields that will help to strengthen weak areas, drive structural adjustment, encourage innovation, and improve people’s lives.This year, we will invest 800 billion yuan in railway construction and 1.8 trillion yuan in highway and waterway projects.Construction on another 15 major water conservancy projects will begin;and work on major rail transport, civil and general aviation, and telecommunications infrastructure projects will be sped up.A total of 507.6 billion yuan of investment has been included in the central government budget this year.We will implement and improve policies and measures for encouraging private investment.We will continue to promote public-private partnerships, and improve related policies on preferential pricing, tax, and fee arrangements.Government must take the lead in acting in good faith and must never arbitrarily change agreements, and new officials must not disavow obligations undertaken by their predecessors.優化區域發展格局。統籌推進三大戰略和“四大板塊”發展，實施好相關規劃，研究制定新舉措。推動國家級新區、開發區、產業園區等創新發展。支持資源枯竭、生態嚴重退化等地區經濟轉型發展。優化空域資源配置。推進海洋經濟示范區建設，加快建設海洋強國，堅決維護國家海洋權益。We will improve planning for regional development.We will coordinate the launching of three strategic initiatives and the development of the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions.We will ensure related plans are well implemented and explore and adopt new measures.We will boost the development of national-level new areas, development zones, and industrial parks through innovation.We will support the economic transformation and development of areas hurt by resource depletion and severe ecological degradation.Airspace resources will be better allocated.We will speed up the development of maritime economy demonstration zones, we will move faster to develop China into a strong maritime country, and we will be resolute in safeguarding China’s maritime rights and interests.扎實推進新型城鎮化。深化戶籍制度改革，今年實現進城落戶1300萬人以上，加快居住證制度全覆蓋。支持中小城市和特色小城鎮發展，推動一批具備條件的縣和特大鎮有序設市，發揮城市群輻射帶動作用。

We will take solid steps to pursue a new type of urbanization.We will deepen the reform of the household registration system.This year, at least 13 million new urban residents will be registered as permanent urban residents.We will speed up work to introduce the urban residence card system nationwide.We will support the development of small and medium cities and small towns with distinctive local features.We will help a number of counties and very large towns that meet the criteria to steadily develop into cities, and we will make city clusters better play their role in driving the development of their surrounding areas.促進“多規合一”，提升城市規劃設計水平。推進建筑業改革發展，提高工程質量。統籌城市地上地下建設，加強城市地質調查，再開工建設城市地下綜合管廊2000公里以上，啟動消除城區重點易澇區段三年行動，推進海綿城市建設，有效治理交通擁堵等“城市病”，使城市既有“面子”、更有“里子”。

We will encourage local governments to integrate their urban plans into single master plans and raise the standard of municipal planning and design.We will take more steps to reform and develop the construction industry, and improve the quality of construction projects.We will promote coordinated urban development above and below the ground, strengthen geological surveying, and begin construction on at least another 2,000 kilometers of underground utility tunnels in cities.A three-year initiative will be launched to remove the risk of flooding in highly vulnerable urban areas, further progress will be made in the development of sponge cities, and effective steps will be taken to address traffic congestion and other urban maladies.All these efforts will make our cities more attractive and function better.（四）以創新引領實體經濟轉型升級。實體經濟從來都是我國發展的根基，當務之急是加快轉型升級。要深入實施創新驅動發展戰略，推動實體經濟優化結構，不斷提高質量、效益和競爭力。

4.Transforming and upgrading the real economy through innovation The real economy has always been the foundation of China’s development;the task we now face is to speed up its transformation and upgrading.We will do more to implement the strategy of innovation-driven development, upgrade the structure of the real economy, and improve its performance and competitiveness.提升科技創新能力。完善對基礎研究和原創性研究的長期穩定支持機制，建設國家重大科技基礎設施和技術創新中心，打造科技資源開放共享平臺。推進全面創新改革試驗。改革科技評價制度。切實落實高校和科研院所自主權，落實股權期權和分紅等激勵政策，落實科研經費和項目管理制度改革，讓科研人員不再為雜事瑣事分心勞神。

We will strengthen our capability for making technological innovations.We will improve mechanisms for providing continued long-term support for fundamental research and original research, build major national infrastructure projects for science and technology and set up technological innovation hubs, and establish platforms for sharing R&D resources.We will continue piloting reforms for all-around innovation.We will reform the system for assessing scientific and technological achievements.We will see our universities and research institutes truly operate with autonomy, ensure that incentive policies like stocks, options, and dividends are implemented, and implement the reform of the systems for managing research funding and projects.These steps should keep our scientists and engineers from being distracted and allow them to focus on their research.開展知識產權綜合管理改革試點，完善知識產權創造、保護和運用體系。深化人才發展體制改革，實施更加有效的人才引進政策，廣聚天下英才，充分激發科研人員積極性，定能成就創新大業。

We will begin piloting reforms to conduct integrated management of intellectual property rights and improve the system for creating, protecting, and applying intellectual property rights.We will deepen reform of China’s systems for cultivating talent and introduce more effective policies for bringing in talent from overseas.By welcoming the world’s brightest minds to China and fully motivating our scientists and engineers, we will use innovation to accomplish great things.加快培育壯大新興產業。全面實施戰略性新興產業發展規劃，加快新材料、新能源、人工智能、集成電路、生物制藥、第五代移動通信等技術研發和轉化，做大做強產業集群。支持和引導分享經濟發展，提高社會資源利用效率，便利人民群眾生活。本著鼓勵創新、包容審慎原則，制定新興產業監管規則，引導和促進新興產業健康發展。深化統計管理體制改革，健全新興產業統計。We will accelerate the development of emerging industries.We will fully implement our plan for developing strategic emerging industries.We will accelerate R&D on and commercialization of new materials, new energy, artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, bio-pharmacy, 5G mobile communications, and other technologies, and develop industrial clusters in these fields.We will continue to support and guide the development of the sharing economy to enable greater efficiency in the use of resources and bring greater convenience to our people.We will formulate regulatory rules for emerging industries in keeping with the principle of encouraging innovation and conducting regulation in a tolerant and prudent way, and guide and promote the healthy development of emerging industries.We will deepen reform of the statistics management system and improve statistics on emerging industries.在互聯網時代，各領域發展都需要速度更快、成本更低、安全性更高的信息網絡。今年網絡提速降費要邁出更大步伐，年內全部取消手機國內長途和漫游費，大幅降低中小企業互聯網專線接入資費，降低國際長途電話費，推動“互聯網+”深入發展、促進數字經濟加快成長，讓企業廣泛受益、群眾普遍受惠。

In the age of the Internet, faster, safer, and more cost-effective information networks are crucial to the development of every sector.This year, we will do more to increase broadband speed and lower rates for Internet services.Mobile rates for domestic roaming and long-distance calls will be cancelled;rates for broadband services for small and medium enterprises will be slashed;and rates for international calls will be lowered.We will push forward with the Internet Plus action plan and speed up the development of the digital economy.I am confident that all these steps will benefit both businesses and our people.大力改造提升傳統產業。深入實施《中國制造2025》，加快大數據、云計算、物聯網應用，以新技術新業態新模式，推動傳統產業生產、管理和營銷模式變革。We will endeavor to transform and upgrade traditional industries.We will intensify efforts to implement the Made in China 2025 initiative, promote accelerated application of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things, and use new technologies, new forms of business, and new models to bring about transformation in the production, management, and marketing models of traditional industries.把發展智能制造作為主攻方向，推進國家智能制造示范區、制造業創新中心建設，深入實施工業強基、重大裝備專項工程，大力發展先進制造業，推動中國制造向中高端邁進。完善制造強國建設政策體系，以多種方式支持技術改造，促進傳統產業煥發新的蓬勃生機。

With the development of smart manufacturing as our focus, we will press ahead with building national smart manufacturing demonstration zones and manufacturing innovation centers.We will work hard on the implementation of projects to build a robust foundation for industrial development and projects to develop and make major equipment, and we will make a big push to develop advanced manufacturing, thus moving toward mid-and high-end manufacturing.We will improve policies designed to turn China into a manufacturer of quality, and we will adopt a variety of supportive measures for technological upgrading and re-energize traditional industries.持續推進大眾創業、萬眾創新。“雙創”是以創業創新帶動就業的有效方式，是推動新舊動能轉換和經濟結構升級的重要力量，是促進機會公平和社會縱向流動的現實渠道，要不斷引向深入。

We will continue to encourage people to start businesses and make innovations.Our policy of encouraging people to start businesses and innovate is an effective way of creating jobs through business startups and innovation;it is an important source of strength that fosters new growth drivers to replace old ones and that upgrades the economic structure;and it is an effective channel for promoting equal opportunity and facilitating vertical social mobility.We must keep on pushing hard with this policy.新建一批“雙創”示范基地，鼓勵大企業和科研院所、高校設立專業化眾創空間，加強對創新型中小微企業支持，打造面向大眾的“雙創”全程服務體系，使各類主體各展其長、線上線下良性互動，使小企業鋪天蓋地、大企業頂天立地，市場活力和社會創造力競相迸發。

We will establish more entrepreneurship and innovation demonstration centers;we will encourage large enterprises, research institutes, and universities to establish specialized spaces for crowd innovation;we will strengthen support for innovative medium, small and micro businesses;and we will develop a full range of services that are accessible to the general public for the entire business startup and innovation process.All this should help entities to fully exploit their own strengths and interact both on-and off-line, and see small enterprises burgeoning nationwide, large enterprises growing mighty, and market dynamism and social creativity being fully unleashed.全面提升質量水平。廣泛開展質量提升行動，加強全面質量管理，夯實質量技術基礎，強化質量監督，健全優勝劣汰質量競爭機制。質量之魂，存于匠心。要大力弘揚工匠精神，厚植工匠文化，恪盡職業操守，崇尚精益求精，完善激勵機制，培育眾多“中國工匠”，打造更多享譽世界的“中國品牌”，推動中國經濟發展進入質量時代。

We will take comprehensive steps to improve product quality.We will take a broad range of actions to raise quality, strengthening all-around quality management, building firm technological foundations for product quality, tightening quality oversight, and improving the competitive mechanism that links a firm’s fate in business to the quality of its products.Quality is born of workmanship.We will promote workmanship and foster a culture of workmanship where workers have a strong work ethic and tirelessly seek improvement.We will refine our incentive mechanisms and see great numbers of Chinese workers exemplify workmanship and more Chinese brands enjoy international recognition.We will usher in an era of quality for economic development in China.（五）促進農業穩定發展和農民持續增收。深入推進農業供給側結構性改革，完善強農惠農政策，拓展農民就業增收渠道，保障國家糧食安全，推動農業現代化與新型城鎮化互促共進，加快培育農業農村發展新動能。

5.Promoting steady development of agriculture and continued increases in rural incomes

We will do more to advance supply-side structural reform in agriculture, improve policies to boost agriculture and benefit farmers, and create more channels for rural residents to find employment and increase their incomes.We will ensure China’s food security, see that agricultural modernization and new urbanization reinforce each other, and speed up efforts to foster new drivers powering agricultural and rural development.推進農業結構調整。引導農民根據市場需求發展生產，增加優質綠色農產品供給，擴大優質水稻、小麥生產，適度調減玉米種植面積，糧改飼試點面積擴大到1000萬畝以上。鼓勵多渠道消化玉米庫存。支持主產區發展農產品精深加工，發展觀光農業、休閑農業，拓展產業鏈價值鏈，打造農村一二三產業融合發展新格局。We will push forward with structural adjustment in agriculture.We will guide farmers in responding to market demand, increasing the supply of quality green agricultural products and the production of quality rice and wheat, and making appropriate reductions to the amount of land devoted to growing corn.We will expand trials to replace grain crop with feed crop cultivation to cover over 667,000 hectares.We will encourage the use of multiple channels to reduce excess stockpiles of corn.We will support major agricultural production areas in developing intensive processing of agricultural products, develop farm-based recreation or agritourism, extend industry chains and value chains, and step up the integrated development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas.加強現代農業建設。加快推進農產品標準化生產、品牌創建和保護，打造糧食生產功能區、重要農產品生產保護區、特色農產品優勢區和現代農業產業園。推進土地整治，大力改造中低產田，推廣旱作技術，新增高效節水灌溉面積2000萬畝。加強耕地保護，改進占補平衡。

We will boost the development of modern agriculture.We will work faster to see due standards are followed in agricultural production, and promote the development and protection of brand name agricultural products.We will create functional zones for grain production, major agricultural product protection areas, areas for growing quality and distinctively local agricultural products, and modern agriculture industrial parks.We will continue to improve rural land, upgrade low-and medium-yield cropland, and spread dry-farming techniques, adding 1.33 million hectares of farmland under highly water-efficient irrigation.We will strengthen the protection of cultivated land and improve work to offset cultivated land used for other purposes.發展多種形式適度規模經營，是中國特色農業現代化的必由之路，離不開農業保險有力保障。今年在13個糧食主產省選擇部分縣市，對適度規模經營農戶實施大災保險，調整部分財政救災資金予以支持，提高保險覆蓋面和理賠標準，完善農業再保險體系，以持續穩健的農業保險助力現代農業發展。

Developing appropriately scaled, diversified farming operations is vital for Chinese-style agricultural modernization, and these operations need to be covered by agricultural insurance.This year, in selected counties and county-level cities in 13 major grain-producing provinces, we will provide catastrophe insurance for farmers engaging in appropriately scaled farming operations.We will channel a portion of budgetary disaster relief funds into this initiative and expand the coverage and raise the benefits of the insurance scheme.We will improve the agricultural reinsurance system.We wish to use sustainable and sound agricultural insurance schemes to drive the development of modern agriculture.深化農村改革。穩步推進農村集體產權制度改革，深化農村土地制度改革試點，賦予農民更多財產權利。完善糧食等重要農產品價格形成機制和收儲制度，推進農業水價綜合改革。深化集體林權、國有林區林場、農墾、供銷社等改革。加強農村基層組織建設。健全農村“雙創”促進機制，培養更多新型職業農民，支持農民工返鄉創業，進一步采取措施鼓勵高校畢業生、退役軍人、科技人員到農村施展才華。

We will deepen rural reforms.We will take steady steps to reform the rural collective property rights system and deepen the pilot reform of the rural land system to see our farmers are granted more property rights.We will improve pricing mechanisms for grain and other important agricultural products as well as the system for their purchase and storage.We will carry out comprehensive reform of the pricing for water used in agriculture.We will deepen reforms related to collective forest tenure, state forestry areas and farms, state-owned farms, and rural supply and marketing cooperatives.We will strengthen the development of rural community-level organizations.We will improve the mechanisms for encouraging business startups and innovation in rural areas, train more professional farmers of new kinds, support migrant workers in starting businesses in their hometowns and villages, and take further measures to encourage college graduates, demobilized military personnel, and scientists and engineers to work in rural areas.加強農村公共設施建設。新建改建農村公路20萬公里。實現農村穩定可靠供電服務和平原地區機井通電全覆蓋。完成3萬個行政村通光纖。提高農村飲水安全供水保證率。加大農村危房改造力度。深入推進農村人居環境整治，建設既有現代文明、又具田園風光的美麗鄉村。We will step up the development of public facilities in rural areas.A total of 200,000 kilometers of roads will be upgraded or built in rural areas.We will see that all rural areas have a steady and reliable supply of power and that all electric pumpsets on rural flatlands are connected.Fiber-optic broadband will be extended to 30,000 administrative villages.We will increase water supply to better ensure access to safe drinking water.We will intensify efforts to renovate dilapidated houses and improve rural living environments.Our goal is to develop rural China into a place where people can enjoy both the beauty of the countryside and the conveniences of modern living.（六）積極主動擴大對外開放。面對國際環境新變化和國內發展新要求，要進一步完善對外開放戰略布局，加快構建開放型經濟新體制，推動更深層次更高水平的對外開放。

6.Actively expanding China’s opening up to the world

Faced with new changes in the international environment and the new requirements of China’s development, we need to further refine our strategic plan for opening up, work faster to build new systems for an open economy, and drive China toward both deeper and higher level opening up.扎實推進“一帶一路”建設。堅持共商共建共享，加快陸上經濟走廊和海上合作支點建設，構建沿線大通關合作機制。深化國際產能合作，帶動我國裝備、技術、標準、服務走出去，實現優勢互補。加強教育、科技、文化、衛生、旅游等人文交流合作。高質量辦好“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇，同奏合作共贏新樂章。We will make solid efforts to pursue the Belt and Road Initiative.Guided by the principle of achieving shared growth through consultation and collaboration, we will accelerate the building of overland economic corridors and maritime cooperation hubs, and establish cooperative mechanisms for achieving compatibility in customs clearance procedures along the routes.We will deepen international industrial-capacity cooperation, promoting the export of Chinese equipment, technologies, standards, and services, to see that China and other countries are able to draw on each other’s strengths.We will strengthen personal and cultural exchanges and cooperation in education, science and technology, culture, healthcare, and tourism.We will see that in

第五篇：2009年政府工作報告(中英對照)

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

政府工作報告

Delivered at the Second Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2009

——２００９年３月５日在第十一屆全國人民代表大會第二次會議上

Wen Jiabao 溫家寶

Premier of the State Council 國務院總理

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表：

On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also solicit comments and suggestions on the report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).現在，我代表國務院，向大會作政府工作報告，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。

I.Review of the Work in 2008

一、２００８年工作回顧

The year 2008 was truly eventful.Our country's economic and social development withstood severe challenges and tests that were rarely seen before.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), the people of all our ethnic groups faced difficulties squarely, worked with courage and determination, surmounted all difficulties and obstacles, and made new achievements in reform, opening up and socialist modernization.２００８年是極不平凡的一年。我國經濟社會發展經受住了歷史罕見的重大挑戰和考驗。在中國共產黨領導下，全國各族人民迎難而上，奮力拼搏，戰勝各種艱難險阻，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得新的重大成就。

-The national economy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth.GDP topped 30 trillion yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year.Overall price rises were held in check.Government revenue was 6.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.5%.Grain output rose for the fifth consecutive year and totaled 528.5 million tons, a record high.——國民經濟繼續保持平穩較快增長。國內生產總值超過３０萬億元，比上年增長９％；星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)物價總水平漲幅得到控制；財政收入６．１３萬億元，增長１９．５％；糧食連續五年增產，總產量５２８５０萬噸，創歷史最高水平。

-Reform and opening up were further deepened.New breakthroughs were made in reforms in key areas and crucial links, such as the fiscal, taxation, financial and pricing systems and administration.Imports and exports totaled US$ 2.56 trillion, an increase of 17.8%.Paid-in foreign direct investment reached $92.4billion.——改革開放深入推進。財稅、金融、價格、行政管理等重點領域和關鍵環節的改革取得新突破。進出口貿易總額２．５６萬億美元，增長１７．８％。實際利用外商直接投資９２４億美元。

-Development of social programs was accelerated, and the living standards of the people continued to rise.A total of 11.13million more urban residents entered the workforce.Urban per capita annual disposable income reached 15,781 yuan, an increase of 8.4% in real terms, and rural per capita net income reached 4,761 yuan, up by 8% in real terms.——社會事業加快發展，人民生活進一步改善。城鎮新增就業１１１３萬人；城鎮居民人均可支配收入１５７８１元，農村居民人均純收入４７６１元，實際增長８．４％和８％。

-Great victories were won in the fight against massive natural disasters.The Beijing Olympics and Paralympics were held successfully, and the Shenzhou VII manned space mission was a complete success.——全面奪取抗擊特大自然災害的重大勝利。成功舉辦北京奧運會、殘奧會。圓滿完成神舟七號載人航天飛行。

These achievements signify that we have taken new and solid steps along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.They have greatly fortified the courage and strength of the people of all our ethnic groups to surmount difficulties and will definitely encourage us to bravely forge ahead on the new historical course.這些成就，標志著我們在中國特色社會主義道路上邁出新的堅實步伐，極大地增強了全國各族人民戰勝困難的勇氣和力量，必將激勵我們在新的歷史征程上繼續奮勇前進。

Last year, we accomplished the following important work: 一年來，我們做了以下主要工作：

1.Making timely and resolute adjustments to macroeconomic policies and doing everything possible to maintain steady and rapid economic development

（一）及時果斷調整宏觀經濟政策，全力保持經濟平穩較快發展

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)We maintained the right direction, focus, intensity and pace of macro control, and adopted a series of policies and measures to promote steady and rapid economic development.In a complex and volatile situation, we actively responded to the severe impact of the global financial crisis and worked hard to make our macro control more proactive, targeted and effective.In the middle of the year, when energy and grain prices on the international market were high, world economic growth slowed, and exports from and economic growth in China's coastal regions began to decline, we promptly shifted the priority of macro control to maintaining steady and rapid economic development and controlling price hikes, and adopted relevant fiscal, taxation and financial measures.In September, the international economic situation started to deteriorate sharply and its negative impact became increasingly felt in China.We again resolutely shifted the focus of macro control to preventing economic growth from slowing down too quickly.We implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We raised export rebate rates three times, lowered the benchmark interest rates on savings and loans for financial institutions on five occasions, reduced required reserve ratios four times, suspended the individual income tax on interest earnings from savings, reduced securities transaction stamp tax rates, cut taxes and fees on housing transactions, and increased credit support to small and medium-sized enterprises.In accordance with the requirement that we act fast, be forceful, take targeted measures and stress implementation, we promptly introduced ten measures to further boost domestic demand and promote economic growth, and implemented them without delay.We adopted a succession of policies and measures to encourage financial institutions to support economic development, promote sound development of the textile and other light industries and the real estate market, expand consumption by improving distribution, maintain steady growth in foreign trade, and keep the employment situation stable.At the same time, we stepped up efforts to formulate plans for restructuring and revitalizing key industries.Together, these measures have played a crucial role in alleviating serious problems affecting economic performance, enhancing confidence, stabilizing expectations and maintaining steady and rapid economic development.我們正確把握宏觀調控的方向、重點、力度和節奏，采取一系列促進經濟平穩較快發展的政策措施，在復雜多變的形勢下，積極應對國際金融危機的嚴重沖擊，努力增強調控的預見性、針對性和有效性。年中，在國際能源和糧食價格處于高位、世界經濟增長放緩的情況下，針對沿海地區出現出口和經濟增速下滑苗頭，及時把宏觀調控的首要任務調整為“保持經濟平穩較快發展，控制物價過快上漲”，并采取了一些有針對性的財稅金融措施。９月份后，國際經濟形勢急轉直下，對我國的不利影響明顯加重，我們又果斷地把宏觀調控的著力點轉到防止經濟增速過快下滑上來，實施積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，三次提高出口退稅率，五次下調金融機構存貸款基準利率，四次下調存款準備金率，暫免儲蓄存款利息個人所得稅，下調證券交易印花稅，降低住房交易稅費，加大對中小企業信貸支持。按照出手要快、出拳要重、措施要準、工作要實的要求，迅速推出進一步擴大內需、促進經濟增長的十項措施，爭分奪秒地加以落實；接連出臺金融支持經濟發展、促進輕紡工業健康發展、促進房地產市場健康發展、搞活流通擴大消費和保持對外貿易穩定增長、穩定就業等政策措施，加快制定重點產業調整振興規劃。這些措施對緩解經濟運行中的突出矛盾、增強信心、穩定預期、保持經濟平穩較快發展，發揮了至關重要的作用。

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)

We continued to strengthen our work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers without any letup.Central government budgetary spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers was 595.5 billion yuan for the whole year, a year-on-year increase of 163.7 billion yuan or 37.9%.This included 103 billion yuan, twice the figure for the previous year, in direct subsidies to grain producers, general subsidies for agricultural production supplies, and subsidies for superior crop varieties and the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools.We significantly raised minimum grain purchase prices three times, with the total increase exceeding 20%.We implemented a temporary policy for purchasing and stockpiling major agricultural products.We intensified the protection of arable land and the construction of agricultural water conservancy projects, and increased overall agricultural production capacity.We supported the production of hogs, oilseeds and dairy products.These policies and measures played an important role in maintaining and stimulating the enthusiasm of farmers, ensuring the supply of major farm products and increasing rural incomes, and provided strong support for maintaining overall stability in economic and social development.毫不放松地加強“三農”工作。全年中央財政用于“三農”的投入５９５５億元，比上年增加１６３７億元，增長３７．９％，其中糧食直補、農資綜合補貼、良種補貼、農機具購置補貼資金達１０３０億元，比上年增長一倍。三次較大幅度提高糧食最低收購價，提價幅度超過２０％。實施主要農產品臨時收儲政策。加強耕地保護和農田水利建設，提高農業綜合生產能力。扶持生豬、油料、奶業發展。這些政策措施在保護和調動農民積極性、保障重要農產品供給、增加農民收入方面發揮了重要作用，為穩定經濟社會發展全局提供了有力支撐。

We unswervingly promoted independent innovation and economic restructuring.We launched 16 major national science and technology projects, and established a number of new national engineering centers, key laboratories and enterprise technology centers in such fields as information technology, biotechnology and environmental protection.We successfully developed a number of key technologies and major equipment in the areas of regional aircraft, automobiles powered by new energy sources and high-speed railways.The central government invested 116.3 billion yuan in science and technology, an increase of 16.4%.Significant steps were taken in reorganization of the telecommunications and civil aviation industries.We continued to eliminate backward production facilities.Last year, we shut down small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 16.69 million kilowatts and closed 1,054 small coalmines.Investment in infrastructure and basic industries was increased, and a number of major projects in energy, transportation and water conservancy were completed or launched.Steady progress was made in implementing the master strategy for regional development, and economic development in different regions became better coordinated.堅定不移地推進自主創新和經濟結構調整。實施１６個國家重大科技專項。在信息、生物、環保等領域新建一批國家工程中心、重點實驗室和企業技術中心。成功研發支線飛機、新能源汽車、高速鐵路等一批關鍵技術和重大裝備。中央財政科技投入１１６３億元，增長１６．４％。電信、航空等行業重組邁出重要步伐。繼續淘汰落后產能，全年關停小火電１星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)６６９萬千瓦，關閉小煤礦１０５４處。加大基礎設施和基礎產業投資力度，在能源、交通、水利等方面建成和開工一批重大項目。扎實推進區域發展總體戰略，區域經濟發展協調性增強。

We steadfastly promoted energy conservation, emissions reduction and ecological and environmental protection.The central government allocated 42.3 billion yuan to support development of ten key energy conservation projects and environmental protection facilities.The daily sewage treatment capacity rose by an additional 11.49 million tons in urban areas, and desulfurization equipment was installed in coal-fired power plants with a total capacity of 97.12 million kilowatts.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 4.59% from the previous year;chemical oxygen demand fell by 4.42%;and sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 5.95%.For the past three years combined, total energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by 10.08%;chemical oxygen demand dropped by 6.61%;and sulfur dioxide emissions dropped by 8.95%.We built on the achievements in returning farmland to forests and restoring livestock pastures to grasslands, and carried out ecological conservation projects such as protecting virgin forests and developing the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province.We implemented the plan to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys and regions and issued the white paper China's Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change.堅持不懈地推動節能減排和生態環境保護。中央財政安排４２３億元資金，支持十大重點節能工程和環保設施等項目建設。全國新增城市污水日處理能力１１４９萬噸，新增燃煤脫硫機組容量９７１２萬千瓦。單位國內生產總值能耗比上年下降４．５９％，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別減少４．４２％和５．９５％。近三年累計，單位國內生產總值能耗下降１０．０８％，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別減少６．６１％和８．９５％。鞏固退耕還林還草成果，推進天然林、青海三江源等生態保護和建設工程。實施重點流域、區域水污染防治規劃。發布了《中國應對氣候變化的政策與行動》白皮書。

2.Balancing economic and social development and strengthening all aspects of social development with the focus on improving people's lives

（二）統籌經濟社會發展，全面加強以改善民生為重點的社會建設

Efforts were intensified to increase employment and improve the social safety net.We improved our policy to stimulate and expand employment by encouraging business startups, and enforced the minimum wage system.The coverage of all social security schemes continued to expand, with 17.53 million more urban workers subscribing to basic old-age insurance, 20.28 million more subscribing to basic medical insurance, and the unemployment, workers' compensation and maternity insurance steadily expanding to cover more workers.Pensions of enterprise retirees rose by 110 yuan per month per person.We launched trials to reform the basic old-age insurance system for employees of government-affiliated institutions.We actively explored ways to establish a new system of 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)old-age insurance for rural residents and made steady progress in making social security available to rural migrant workers in urban areas and farmers whose land has been expropriated.We comprehensively improved the system of cost of living allowances for both urban and rural residents, and provided allowances to 66.19 million residents.We raised living allowances for low-income groups and university students in a timely fashion.Preferential treatment enjoyed by key entitled groups was increased substantially.We intensified efforts to develop low-income housing and renovate shantytowns, thus alleviating some of the housing difficulties of the low-income population.An additional of more than 48 million rural people gained access to safe drinking water.就業和社會保障工作進一步加強。完善促進就業、以創業帶動就業的政策，落實最低工資制度。各項社會保險覆蓋面繼續擴大，城鎮職工基本養老保險、基本醫療保險參保人數分別增加１７５３萬和２０２８萬，失業、工傷、生育保險參保人數繼續增加。企業退休人員養老金人均每月新增１１０元。啟動事業單位基本養老保險制度改革試點。積極探索建立新型農村社會養老保險制度，農民工、被征地農民社會保障工作穩步推進。全面加強城鄉居民最低生活保障制度建設，救助人數達到６６１９萬人。及時增加對低收入群體和大學生的生活補貼。大幅度提高重點優撫對象的撫恤優待標準。加大保障性住房建設和棚戶區改造力度，低收入群眾住房困難問題得到一定程度緩解。解決４８００多萬農村人口的飲水安全問題。

Further progress was made in promoting fair education for all.Free compulsory education became available to all students, urban or rural, throughout the country, and all rural students receiving compulsory education obtained free textbooks.The standards for repairing and renovating school buildings in the central and western regions were raised, and the government allocated 3.25 billion yuan to provide heating to rural primary and secondary schools in the north.Development of vocational education was accelerated.The national financial aid system for students was further improved.The central government spent 22.3 billion yuan and local governments increased funding as well to assist more than 20 million students.Grants of 1,500 yuan per student per annum were given to secondary vocational school students from rural areas or needy urban families, benefiting 90% of the current student population in these vocational schools.促進教育公平取得新進展。全面實行城鄉免費義務教育，對所有農村義務教育階段學生免費提供教科書。提高中西部地區校舍維修標準，國家財政安排３２．５億元幫助解決北方農村中小學取暖問題。職業教育加快發展。國家助學制度進一步完善，中央財政投入２２３億元，地方財政也加大投入，資助學生超過２０００萬人；向中等職業學校中來自城市經濟困難家庭和農村的學生提供助學金，每人每年１５００元，惠及９０％的在校生。

Steady progress was made in reform and development of the pharmaceutical and health care system.A total of 814 million people, accounting for 91.5% of the rural population, now benefit from the new type of rural cooperative medical care system.The number of selected cities participating in trials of the basic medical insurance system for urban residents increased from 88 to 317, and the number of participating individuals 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)increased by 73.59 million to 117 million.Significant progress was made in developing a system of community-based health services in urban areas.We continued to expand the coverage of the reward and assistance system for rural families complying with family planning regulations, and implemented the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” program in more places in the countryside.醫藥衛生改革發展穩步推進。參加新型農村合作醫療的人口８．１４億，參合率９１．５％。城鎮居民基本醫療保險試點城市由上年的８８個增加到３１７個，參保人數增加７３５９萬，總計達到１．１７億。城市社區衛生服務體系建設取得重大進展。農村計劃生育家庭獎勵扶助制度和少生快富工程實施范圍繼續擴大。

We accelerated the development of culture and sports.Public cultural infrastructure facilities were improved, the cultural industries developed rapidly, and reform of the cultural management system was constantly deepened.We mobilized all resources and hosted a distinctive and high-level Beijing Olympicsand Paralympics, thus fulfilling the century-old dream of the Chinese nation, and Chinese athletes competed hard and brave and scored excellent achievements in the Games.This greatly aroused the patriotism of all our people and strengthened the cohesiveness of our nation.文化體育事業加快發展。公共文化基礎設施建設得到加強，文化產業快速發展，文化體制改革不斷深化。全力舉辦了有特色、高水平的北京奧運會、殘奧會，實現了中華民族的百年夢想；中國運動員頑強拼搏，取得優異成績，這極大地激發了全國人民的愛國熱情，增強了民族凝聚力。

We continued to strengthen democracy and the legal system.The system of local-level democracy was further improved.Significant progress was made in enhancing law-based government.Last year, the State Council submitted eight bills, including a draft of the Social Insurance Law and draft amendments to the Law on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters, to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for deliberation.It also formulated or revised 30 administrative laws and regulations.The Regulations on Making Government Information Public was fully implemented.The public security system for crime prevention and control was strengthened.We battled against secessionist and terrorist activities, protected China's national security and maintained social stability.Our work related to ethnic minority, religious and overseas Chinese affairs further improved.民主法制建設繼續加強。基層民主制度進一步健全。依法行政深入推進。國務院提請全國人大常委會審議了社會保險法、防震減災法等８件法律議案，制定或修訂了３０件行政法規。全面實施政府信息公開條例。加強社會治安防控體系建設，開展反分裂、反恐怖斗爭，維護了國家安全和社會穩定。民族、宗教、僑務工作進一步加強。

3.Vigorously advancing reform and opening up and injecting fresh vitality and impetus into economic and social development

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)

（三）積極推進改革開放，為經濟社會發展注入新的活力和動力

Institutional restructuring of the State Council was basically completed and that of local governments is progressing steadily.Comprehensive rural reforms continued to deepen, and reform of collective forest rights was instituted throughout the country.SOE reform was deepened.The transformation of the Agricultural Bank of China and China Development Bank into joint stock companies proceeded smoothly.The new Law on Corporate Income Tax went into effect, and real estate taxes were unified for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises and Chinese and foreign individuals.After years of deliberation, reform in pricing, taxes and fees for refined petroleum products was smoothly introduced.Aplan for reform of the pharmaceutical and health care system was devised and referred to the general public for comments.These innovations in systems and mechanisms have laid a solid foundation for our long-term development.國務院機構改革基本完成，地方機構改革穩步推進。農村綜合改革繼續深化，集體林權制度改革全面推開。國有企業改革不斷深化。中國農業銀行和國家開發銀行股份制改革順利進行。實施新的企業所得稅法，統一內外資企業和個人房地產稅收制度。醞釀多年的成品油價格和稅費改革順利推出。制定醫藥衛生體制改革方案并公開征求意見。體制機制創新為長遠發展奠定了堅實基礎。

The country opened wider to the outside world.We vigorously implemented the strategy of competing on quality and diversifying export markets.We increased efforts to establish innovation bases to invigorate trade through science and technology and bases for providing services outsourced from other countries.We supported the export of products with Chinese trademarks and intellectual property rights.We improved the policy system for the processing trade.We steadily opened service industries wider to the outside world and provided more guidance to orient foreign investment in China.We integrated existing funds and set up new ones designed to promote external economic and technological cooperation.We promulgated regulations on managing overseas contracted projects and rectified the system of administration of cooperative overseas labor services.We actively promoted energy and resources cooperation overseas, further expanded our assistances to other countries, and the pace of enterprises going global was accelerated.Further progress was made in the development of free trade zones, and in our economic dialogues with major trading partners and mutually beneficial cooperation with other developing countries.對外開放水平繼續提高。大力實施以質取勝和出口市場多元化戰略。加強科技興貿創新基地和服務外包基地建設，支持自主品牌和自主知識產權產品出口。完善加工貿易政策體系。穩步擴大服務業對外開放，加強對外商投資方向的引導。整合建立新的對外經濟技術合作專項資金，發布對外承包工程管理條例，理順對外勞務合作管理體制。積極推進境外能源資源合作，企業“走出去”步伐加快，對外援助進一步擴大。自由貿易區建設、與主要經貿伙伴的經濟對話、同發展中國家的互利合作取得新進展。

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

A massive earthquake that shocked the world struck Wenchuan on May 12.Under the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, people of all ethnic groups in China, especially in the quake zone, worked as one and fought in unison against the earthquake disaster.The people's army rushed to the frontlines without thinking of their own safety.We launched an earthquake rescue and relief operation that accomplished its work faster, mobilized more personnel and committed more resources than ever before in China's history.We steadfastly gave top priority to saving people's lives.We pulled 84,000 survivors out of the rubble.We promptly repaired damaged infrastructure, and resolutely unblocked the Mount Tangjia quake lake to avert potential secondary disasters.We did our utmost to prevent an epidemic from occurring and ensured that there was no major outbreak of diseases after the deadly earthquake.The central government allocated 38.4 billion yuan for quake relief and 74 billion yuan for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.We promptly introduced a host of policies and measures to support the quake zone.We energetically organized one-to-one assistance to designated areas affected by the earthquake.People from all sectors of society in China made generous donations, both in cash and in kind;our compatriots in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese contributed generously to the disaster relief campaign;and the international community provided us with earthquake rescue and relief assistance.All this combined to forma boundless source of strength for the Chinese people to overcome the disaster.This hard struggle against the earthquake produced uncountable touching and brave exploits and fully demonstrated the great indomitable and unyielding spirit of the Chinese people, thus writing a heroic chapter in the history of the nation.去年５月１２日，我國發生震驚世界的汶川特大地震。在黨中央、國務院堅強領導下，全國各族人民特別是災區人民萬眾一心、眾志成城，人民子弟兵舍生忘死、沖鋒在前，展開了我國歷史上救援速度最快、動員范圍最廣、投入力量最大的抗震救災斗爭。我們堅持把搶救人的生命放在第一位，從廢墟中搶救生還者８．４萬人。迅速搶修基礎設施，果斷處置唐家山堰塞湖，避免嚴重次生災害發生；全力開展防疫工作，實現了大災之后無大疫。中央財政安排３８４億元救災款和７４０億元恢復重建資金，迅速出臺一系列支援災區的政策措施。積極開展對口支援。社會各界踴躍捐助款物，廣大香港同胞、澳門同胞、臺灣同胞以及海外華僑華人奉獻愛心，國際社會伸出援手，匯成了齊心協力抗擊災害的磅礴力量。這場艱苦卓絕的抗震救災斗爭，涌現出無數感天動地、可歌可泣的英雄事跡，充分展現了中國人民不屈不撓、自強不息的偉大民族精神，譜寫了氣壯山河的壯麗篇章。

None of the achievements we made last year came easily.They were the result of overall planning and correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, as well as the concerted and strenuous efforts of the whole Party, the entire army and the people of all our ethnic groups.On behalf of the State Council, I hereby express our sincere gratitude to the people of all our ethnic groups and to the democratic parties, mass organizations and people from all sectors of society.I also 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)express our sincere thanks to compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan and to overseas Chinese, as well as to foreign governments, international organizations and friends in other countries that take an interest in and support China's modernization drive.過去一年的成就來之不易。這是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央統攬全局、正確領導的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民同心同德、團結奮斗的結果。在這里，我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯的感謝！

While acknowledging our achievements, we must be clearly aware that we face unprecedented difficulties and challenges.在肯定成績的同時，也要清醒地看到，我們正面臨前所未有的困難和挑戰。

First, the global financial crisis continues to spread and get worse.Demand continues to shrink on international markets;the trend toward global deflation is obvious;and trade protectionism is resurging.The external economic environment has become more serious, and uncertainties have increased significantly.一是國際金融危機還在蔓延、仍未見底。國際市場需求繼續萎縮，全球通貨緊縮趨勢明顯，貿易保護主義抬頭，外部經濟環境更加嚴峻，不確定因素顯著增多。

Second, continuous drop in economic growth rate due to the impact of the global financial crisis has become a major problem affecting the overall situation.This has resulted in excess production capacity in some industries, caused some enterprises to experience operating difficulties and exerted severe pressure on employment.Factors leading to decline in government revenues and increase in government expenditures have increased.It has become more difficult to maintain steady agricultural development and keep rural incomes growing.二是受國際金融危機影響，經濟增速持續下滑，已成為影響全局的主要矛盾。一些行業產能過剩，部分企業經營困難，就業形勢十分嚴峻，財政減收增支因素增多，農業穩定發展、農民持續增收難度加大。

Third, institutional and structural problems that have long hindered healthy economic development still remain, and some of them are still prominent.Consumption demand is insufficient, and development of tertiary industries is sluggish.Our capacity for independent innovation is weak.Consumption of energy and other resources is high.Environmental pollution is serious.Disparities in development between urban and rural areas and between regions are widening.三是長期制約我國經濟健康發展的體制性、結構性矛盾依然存在，有的還很突出。消星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)費需求不足，第三產業發展滯后，自主創新能力不強，能源資源消耗多，環境污染重，城鄉、區域發展差距仍在擴大。

Fourth, some problems affecting the vital interests of the people have not been fundamentally alleviated.There are still many problems demanding urgent solution in the areas of social security, education, health care, income distribution and public security.四是一些涉及人民群眾切身利益的問題沒有根本緩解，社會保障、教育、醫療、收入分配、社會治安等方面存在不少亟待解決的問題。

Fifth, order in the market is not well standardized;market oversight and law enforcement are not fully in place, and the social credit rating system is still in need of improvement.A number of serious and major incidents concerning food and workplace safety have occurred, which have inflicted serious loss of life and property on the people and taught us a sobering lesson.五是市場秩序不規范，市場監管和執法不到位，社會誠信體系不健全。食品安全事件和安全生產重特大事故接連發生，給人民群眾生命財產造成重大損失，教訓十分深刻。

We need to thoroughly appreciate how serious and complex the international and domestic economic situations are, be more mindful of potential perils and crises, fully exploit favorable conditions and actively respond to all challenges so that we can successfully accomplish all our tasks and prove worthy of the great expectations and trust conferred on us by the people.我們一定要深刻認識國際國內經濟形勢的嚴峻性和復雜性，增強危機意識和憂患意識，充分利用有利條件，積極應對各種挑戰，努力做好各項工作，絕不辜負人民的期望和重托。

II.General Plan for the Work in 2009

二、２００９年工作總體部署

This year is crucial for the implementation of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan.It will also be the most difficult year for China's economic development since the beginning of the 21st century.We face arduous tasks in promoting reform, development and stability.今年是實施“十一五”規劃的關鍵之年，也是進入新世紀以來我國經濟發展最為困難的一年，改革發展穩定的任務十分繁重。

An analysis of the overall international and domestic situations shows that China is still in an important period of strategic opportunities.Challenges and opportunities coexist, as do hardships and hopes.Neither the fundamentals of China's economic and social development nor its positive long-term trend has changed.We are fully confident that we will overcome difficulties and challenges, and we have the conditions and ability 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)to do so.Our confidence and strength come from many sources: from the scientific judgment and correct grasp of the situation of the central leadership;from the policies and measures that have been formulated and implemented to respond to challenges and promote long-term development;from the huge demand generated by the development of infrastructure, the upgrading of the industrial structure and consumption patterns, environmental protection, and the development of the ecosystem and social programs in the rapid process of industrialization and urbanization;from the support of such factors as our ample capital and labor resources, our sound financial system in smooth operation, vigorous enterprises and flexible macro control policies;from our material, scientific and technological base and institutional conditions that have been created in the 30 years of reform and opening up;from our unique political and institutional advantages that enable us to mobilize resources to accomplish large undertakings, the stable, harmonious social environment we enjoy, and the enthusiasm and creativity of the whole nation from top to bottom to promote scientific development;and from the powerful spirit of the Chinese nation, which always works hard and persistently to make the country strong.As long as we closely follow the Party's leadership and firmly rely on the people of all our ethnic groups, we will be able to overcome any difficulties, minimize the adverse impact of the global financial crisis and promote sound and rapid economic and social development.綜觀國際國內形勢，我國仍處于重要戰略機遇期。挑戰與機遇并存，困難與希望同在。我國經濟社會發展的基本面和長期向好的趨勢沒有改變。我們完全有信心、有條件、有能力克服困難，戰勝挑戰。我們的信心和力量，來自中央對形勢的科學判斷和準確把握；來自已經制定并實施的應對挑戰、著眼長遠的一系列政策舉措；來自工業化、城鎮化快速推進中的基礎設施建設、產業結構和消費結構升級、環境保護、生態建設和社會事業發展等方面的巨大需求；來自充裕的資金、豐富的勞動力資源等要素支撐；來自運行穩健的金融體系、活力增強的各類企業和富于彈性的宏觀調控政策；來自改革開放３０年建立的物質、科技基礎和體制條件；來自集中力量辦大事的政治和制度優勢、和諧安定的社會環境以及全國上下促進科學發展的積極性、創造性；來自中華民族堅忍不拔、發憤圖強的偉大精神力量。只要我們緊緊依靠黨的領導和全國各族人民，就沒有克服不了的困難，就一定能夠把國際金融危機的不利影響降到最低程度，就一定能夠推動經濟社會又好又快發展。

To carry out the work of the government well this year, we must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide, and thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.We need to make ensuring steady and rapid economic development the main task of our economic work.We need to strengthen and improve macroeconomic control, vigorously expand domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, change the pattern of development and speed up strategic economic restructuring, and deepen reform and improve our work of opening to the outside world.We need to improve the people's lives, increase social harmony and promote all-round progress in socialist economic, political, cultural, social and ecological development.做好今年的政府工作，要高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，把保持經濟平穩較快發展作為經濟工作的首要星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)任務，加強和改善宏觀調控，著力擴大國內需求特別是消費需求，著力轉變發展方式、加快經濟結構戰略性調整，著力深化改革、提高對外開放水平，著力改善民生促進社會和諧，全面推進社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設以及生態文明建設。

We have set the following major targets for this year's national economic and social development: GDP will grow by about 8%;the economic structure will further improve;urban employment will increase by more than nine million persons;the urban registered unemployment rate will be held under 4.6%, urban and rural incomes will grow steadily;the rise in the CPI will be around 4%;and the balance of payments will continue to improve.It needs to be stressed that in projecting the GDP growth target at about 8%, we have taken into consideration both our need and ability to sustain development.In China, a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion, maintaining a certain growth rate for the economy is essential for expanding employment for both urban and rural residents, increasing people's incomes and ensuring social stability.As long as we adopt the right policies and appropriate measures and implement them effectively, we will be able to achieve this target.今年國民經濟和社會發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長８％左右，經濟結構進一步優化；城鎮新增就業９００萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率４．６％以內；城鄉居民收入穩定增長；居民消費價格總水平漲幅４％左右；國際收支狀況繼續改善。這里要著重說明，提出８％左右的國內生產總值增長目標，綜合考慮了發展的需要和可能。在我們這樣一個１３億人口的發展中國家，要擴大城鄉就業，增加居民收入，維護社會穩定，就必須保持一定的經濟增長速度。只要政策對頭，措施得當，落實有力，就有可能實現這一目標。

To ensure success of the government's work this year, we must act on the following principles.做好今年政府工作，必須把握好以下原則：

First, we must boost domestic demand to sustain economic growth.We need to steadfastly take reversing the downward trend in economic growth as the primary goal of macro control, and make boosting domestic demand a long-term strategic principle and a basic point of departure for stimulating economic growth.We will work to increase effective demand, shore up weak links, and give full play to the leading role of domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, in driving economic growth.一是擴內需、保增長。堅持把扭轉經濟增速下滑趨勢作為宏觀調控最重要的目標，把擴大國內需求作為促進經濟增長的長期戰略方針和根本著力點，增加有效需求，加強薄弱環節，充分發揮內需特別是消費需求拉動經濟增長的主導作用。

Second, we must adjust the structure of the economy to raise it to a higher level of development.In changing the pattern of development, we will continue to focus on economic restructuring and independent innovation.We will turn pressure into impetus for growth, unwaveringly protect and develop advanced productive forces, shut down 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)backward production facilities, integrate factors of production and create more room for development.We will balance our efforts to sustain economic growth, adjust the structure and improve economic performance to raise the overall quality of the national economy and strengthen the basis for its further development.二是調結構、上水平。堅持把推進經濟結構調整和自主創新作為轉變發展方式的主攻方向，變壓力為動力，堅定不移地保護和發展先進生產力，淘汰落后產能，整合生產要素，拓展發展空間，實現保增長和調結構、增效益相統一，增強國民經濟整體素質和發展后勁。

Third, we must press ahead with reform to make the economy more vigorous.We will continue to take deepening reform and opening up as the fundamental driving force for promoting scientific development.We need to further emancipate our minds, intensify reform in major areas and key links, eliminate obstacles embedded in systems and mechanisms and stimulate greater creativity for development.三是抓改革、增活力。堅持把深化改革開放作為促進科學發展的根本動力，進一步解放思想，加大重點領域和關鍵環節改革力度，消除體制機制障礙，激發創造活力。

Fourth, we must give top priority to ensuring people's well-being and promote social harmony.The more difficulties we face, the greater attention we should pay to ensuring people's well-being and promoting social harmony and stability.We will continue to ensure that maintaining and improving people's lives is always the starting and end point of our economic work.We will implement an even more proactive employment policy and closely integrate efforts to stimulate growth with efforts to expand employment and improve people's lives in order to ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.四是重民生、促和諧。越是困難的時候，越要關注民生，越要促進社會和諧穩定。堅持把保障和改善民生作為經濟工作的出發點和落腳點，實行更加積極的就業政策，把促進增長與擴大就業、改善民生緊密結合起來，讓人民群眾共享改革發展的成果。

III.Major Tasks for 2009

三、２００９年主要任務

This year, our government work will give high priority to dealing with the global financial crisis and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We will take a coordinated approach, stress key areas, and fully implement a package plan to ensure steady and rapid economic development.We will dramatically increase government investment by launching a four trillion yuan two-year investment plan, for which the central government has pledged 1.18 trillion yuan, and implement a structural tax reduction in order to stimulate domestic demand.We will also implement a massive plan to adjust and reinvigorate industries to raise the overall competitiveness of the economy;vigorously promote independent innovation and provide scientific and technological support to increase the sustaining power of development;and significantly increase social 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)security benefits, expand urban and rural employment and promote development of social programs.To implement this package plan, we will concentrate our efforts on the following seven areas.今年的政府工作，要以應對國際金融危機、促進經濟平穩較快發展為主線，統籌兼顧，突出重點，全面實施促進經濟平穩較快發展的一攬子計劃。大規模增加政府投資，實施總額４萬億元的兩年投資計劃，其中中央政府擬新增１．１８萬億元，實行結構性減稅，擴大國內需求；大范圍實施調整振興產業規劃，提高國民經濟整體競爭力；大力推進自主創新，加強科技支撐，增強發展后勁；大幅度提高社會保障水平，擴大城鄉就業，促進社會事業發展。以實施一攬子計劃為重點，今年要著力抓好以下七方面工作：

1.Improving and strengthening macro control and maintaining steady and rapid economic development

（一）加強和改善宏觀調控，保持經濟平穩較快發展

We need to adhere to a flexible and prudent control policy to make our macro control more responsive to changes and more results-oriented.We will reverse the slowdown in economic growth as soon as possible and maintain steady and rapid economic development.要堅持靈活審慎的調控方針，提高宏觀調控的應變能力和實際效果，盡快扭轉經濟增速下滑趨勢，保持經濟平穩較快發展。

We will implement a proactive fiscal policy.實施積極的財政政策。

First, we will significantly increase government spending.This is the most active, direct and efficient way we can expand domestic demand.There will be a large discrepancy between government revenues and expenditures this year.On the one hand, a slowdown in economic growth and the reduction of tax burdens on enterprises and individuals will inevitably slow the growth of government revenues.On the other hand, we must significantly increase investment and government expenditures to stimulate economic growth, improve people's lives and deepen reform.To cover the shortfall arising from the decline in government revenues and growth in expenditures, we have set this year's central government deficit at 750 billion yuan, 570 billion yuan more than last year.In addition, the State Council will allow local governments to issue 200 billion yuan worth of government bonds through the Ministry of Finance, which will go into provincial budgets.These will add up to a 950 billion yuan deficit, accounting for less than 3% of the GDP.Although the deficit will increase significantly this year, the constant drop in government deficits in previous years provides room to issue more bonds this year, and the ratio of the cumulative balance of outstanding government bonds to GDP, which is around 20%, is within the acceptable range of what our overall national strength can bear 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)and is therefore safe.一是大幅度增加政府支出，這是擴大內需最主動、最直接、最有效的措施。今年財政收支緊張的矛盾十分突出。一方面，經濟增速放緩、減輕企業和居民稅負必然會使財政收入增速下降；另一方面，為刺激經濟增長、改善民生和深化改革，又需要大幅度增加投資和政府支出。為彌補財政減收增支形成的缺口，擬安排中央財政赤字７５００億元，比上年增加５７００億元，同時國務院同意地方發行２０００億元債券，由財政部代理發行，列入省級預算管理。全國財政赤字合計９５００億元，占國內生產總值比重在３％以內，雖然當年赤字增加較多，但由于前幾年連續減少赤字，發債空間較大，累計國債余額占國內生產總值比重２０％左右，這是我國綜合國力可以承受的，總體上也是安全的。

Second, we will carry out structural tax reduction and promote reform of taxes and fees.We will reduce tax burdens on enterprises and individuals by a variety of means such as tax cuts, rebates and exemptions to encourage enterprise investment and consumer spending and invigorate the micro-economy.Preliminary calculations indicate that the burdens on enterprises and individuals will fall by approximately 500 billion yuan this year as the result of comprehensively carrying out VAT reform;implementing existing preferential tax policies on small and medium-sized enterprises, the real estate industry and securities transactions and export rebate policies;and rescinding or suspending 100 administrative charges.二是實行結構性減稅和推進稅費改革。采取減稅、退稅或抵免稅等多種方式減輕企業和居民稅負，促進企業投資和居民消費，增強微觀經濟活力。初步測算，今年全面實施增值稅轉型，落實已出臺的中小企業、房地產和證券交易相關稅收優惠以及出口退稅等方面政策，加上取消和停征１００項行政事業性收費，可減輕企業和居民負擔約５０００億元。

Third, we will optimize the structure of government expenditures.We will continue to increase investment in key areas, strictly control regular expenditures, and do everything we can to reduce administrative costs.三是優化財政支出結構。繼續加大對重點領域投入，嚴格控制一般性開支，努力降低行政成本。

We will follow a moderately easy monetary policy and give monetary policy a more active role to play in promoting economic growth.實施適度寬松的貨幣政策。貨幣政策要在促進經濟增長方面發揮更加積極的作用。

First, we will improve financial control.We will increase the broad money supply by about 17% and grant over five trillion yuan in additional loans to ensure that the supply of money and credit meets the requirements of economic development.一是改善金融調控。保證貨幣信貸總量滿足經濟發展需求，廣義貨幣增長１７％左右，新增貸款５萬億元以上。

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)

Second, we will improve the credit structure.We will strengthen monitoring and guidance of the flow of credit, increase financial support for weak links such as agriculture, rural areas and farmers as well as small and medium-sized enterprises, and effectively resolve the problem some businesses have in getting financing.We will strictly control lending to industries and enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting or have excess production capacity.二是優化信貸結構。加強對信貸投向的監測和指導，加大對“三農”、中小企業等薄弱環節的金融支持，切實解決一些企業融資難問題。嚴格控制對高耗能、高污染和產能過剩行業企業的貸款。

Third, we will improve the mechanism for transmitting monetary policy and guarantee the smooth flow of funds.We will make full use of the advantages and special features of all kinds of financial institutions, innovate and improve financial services, satisfy reasonable requests for financing, and create a synergy for finance to promote economic development.三是進一步理順貨幣政策傳導機制，保證資金渠道暢通。充分發揮各類金融機構的優勢和特點，創新和改進金融服務，滿足合理資金需求，形成金融促進經濟發展的合力。

Fourth, we will strengthen and improve financial oversight and supervision.All kinds of financial enterprises need to strengthen risk management and become better able to withstand risks.We will ensure that there is a proper balance between innovation, opening up, and oversight and supervision in the financial sector.We will strengthen monitoring and supervision of cross-border capital flows and maintain financial stability and security.四是加強和改進金融監管。各類金融企業都要加強風險管理，增強抵御風險能力。處理好金融創新、金融開放與金融監管的關系。加強跨境資本流動監測和管理，維護金融穩定和安全。

We need to make our fiscal and monetary policies more consistent and coordinated with our industrial, trade, land, investment and employment policies to create a control synergy.要加強產業、貿易、土地、投資、就業政策與財政、貨幣政策的一致性和協調性，形成調控合力。

2.Actively boosting domestic demand, especially consumer demand, and strengthening the role of domestic demand in driving economic growth

（二）積極擴大國內需求特別是消費需求，增強內需對經濟增長的拉動作用

First, we will expand consumption, especially individual consumption.We will 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)continue to adjust income distribution, raise the proportion of the national income that goes to wages, increase the proportion of government spending dedicated to improving people's lives and expanding consumption, and increase subsidies to farmers and low-income urban residents.We need to cultivate areas of high consumer demand and expand consumption in new areas.We will improve the policy on automobile consumption, accelerate development of markets for second-hand cars and car rental, and guide and promote rational spending on automobiles.We will vigorously expand consumption that makes people's lives easier, such as community-based businesses, property management and household services;accelerate development of tourism and leisure consumption;increase consumption in culture, recreation, sports and fitness services;and vigorously expand consumption in new areas such as the Internet and animation.We will improve consumption policies and the consumption environment.We will accelerate the project to encourage retailers to open stores in more townships and villages, and encourage commercial chains to open more outlets in rural areas.We will intensify the development of consumption facilities and service networks in both urban and rural areas, rectify order in the market, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.We will promptly work out and introduce policies and measures to encourage consumption, and vigorously develop consumer credit.We will do all the work of implementing the programs for bringing home appliances, agricultural machinery, and automobiles and motorbikes to the countryside well, and we will make effective and flexible use of the 40 billion yuan in central government subsidies provided to get enterprises to increase their sales and enable farmers to enjoy real benefits.一是擴大消費尤其是居民消費。繼續調整收入分配格局，提高勞動報酬占國民收入的比重，增加政府支出用于改善民生、擴大消費的比重，增加對城鎮低收入群眾和農民的補貼。要培育消費熱點，拓展消費空間。完善汽車消費政策，加快發展二手車市場和汽車租賃市場，引導和促進汽車合理消費。大力發展社區商業、物業、家政等便民消費，加快發展旅游休閑消費，擴大文化娛樂、體育健身等服務消費，積極發展網絡動漫等新型消費。完善消費政策，優化消費環境。加快建設“萬村千鄉”市場工程，推進連鎖經營向農村延伸。要加強城鄉消費設施和服務體系建設，規范市場秩序，維護消費者合法權益。抓緊研究出臺鼓勵消費的政策措施，積極發展消費信貸。做好“家電下鄉”、“農機下鄉”、“汽車、摩托車下鄉”等工作，把中央財政的４００億元補貼資金用好用活，使企業增加銷售、農民得到實惠。

Second, we will maintain rapid growth in investment and improve the investment structure.The central government plans to invest 908 billion yuan this year.Government investment will focus on projects to improve people's lives such as those for developing low-income housing, education, heath care and culture;projects to conserve energy, protect the environment, improve the ecosystem, upgrade technologies, and make scientific and technological innovations;projects to make key infrastructure improvements, including farmland improvement and water conservancy projects, railways, and freeways;and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.We must channel government investment to areas where it best counteracts the effects of the global financial crisis and to weak areas in economic and social development, and no government investment will be made in the regular processing industries.We will 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)promptly work out and introduce preferential policies to encourage and guide non-governmental investment.We need to support non-governmental investment in areas favored by state industrial policies and encourage enterprises to increase spending on R&D and technological upgrading through proper release of information and improved guidance.All government money comes from the people, and we must spend every penny responsibly.We will make every effort to ensure that all construction projects meet high quality standards and are built to last and be passed onto our future generations as valuable legacy.二是保持投資較快增長和優化投資結構。今年中央政府投資總額９０８０億元，主要用于保障性住房、教育、衛生、文化等民生工程建設，節能環保和生態建設，技術改造與科技創新，農田水利、鐵路、高速公路等重點基礎設施建設和地震災后恢復重建。政府投資必須用在應對危機最關鍵的地方，用在經濟社會發展的薄弱環節，絕不能用于一般加工工業。要抓緊研究出臺鼓勵引導社會投資的優惠政策。通過發布信息、加強引導，支持社會資本投向符合國家產業政策的領域，鼓勵企業增加研發和技改投資。我們的每一分錢都來自人民，必須對人民負責。所有工程建設都要堅持百年大計、質量第一，給子孫后代留下寶貴財富。

Third, we will promote the steady and healthy development of the real estate market.We will adopt even more vigorous and effective policies and measures to stabilize market confidence and expectations, keep real estate investment stable, and promote steady and orderly development of the real estate industry.We will speed up implementation and improvement of policies and measures to promote development of low-income housing projects.Wewill strive to solve the housing problems of 7.5 million low-income urban families and 2.4 million families living in shantytowns in forests, on reclaimed land and around coalmines within three years.This year, the central government will allocate 49.3 billion yuan for the construction of low-income housing to increase funding for developing low-rent housing and improving housing conditions in shantytowns, and increase housing subsidies for the central and western regions by an appropriate amount.We will expand the pilot program for renovating dilapidated houses in rural areas and build permanent housing for nomads in ethnic minority areas.A pilot program will be launched in selected places where conditions permit to use the idle portion of the housing accumulation fund to support development of affordable housing.We will vigorously develop public rental housing.We will effectively implement credit, tax and other policies to support people in purchasing homes and making home improvements.Individuals who meet relevant criteria and apply for bank loans to support the purchase of a second home for personal use will enjoy similar preferential lending policies that apply to the purchase of first homes.We will implement the policy to reduce or exempt the business tax on housing transfers to varying degrees based on the age of the housing.We will expand consumption and supply of ordinary commercial housing, and increase credit support for building small and medium-sized condominiums at low and medium price levels.We will speed up development of the market for second-hand homes and the home rental market.We will encourage and guide local governments to stabilize and develop their real estate market in light of local conditions, and strengthen supervision of the housing market by type.We will continue to rectify order in the real estate market, and 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)standardize transactions.We will help rural migrant workers in cities solve their housing problems.We will deepen reform of the urban housing system to meet people's multilevel housing demand, and strive to ensure adequate housing for everyone.三是促進房地產市場穩定健康發展。采取更加積極有效的政策措施，穩定市場信心和預期，穩定房地產投資，推動房地產業平穩有序發展。加快落實和完善促進保障性住房建設的政策措施，爭取用三年時間，解決７５０萬戶城市低收入住房困難家庭和２４０萬戶林區、墾區、煤礦等棚戶區居民的住房問題。今年中央財政擬安排保障性安居工程資金４９３億元，加大對廉租房建設和棚戶區改造的投資支持力度，適當提高中西部地區補助標準，擴大農村危房改造試點范圍，實施少數民族地區游牧民定居工程。選擇一些有條件的地區進行試點，把部分住房公積金閑置資金補充用于經濟適用住房建設。積極發展公共租賃住房。落實好支持居民購買自住性和改善性住房的信貸、稅收和其他政策。對符合條件的第二套普通自住房購買者，比照執行首次貸款購買普通自住房的優惠政策；對住房轉讓環節營業稅，按不同年限實行有區別的稅收減免政策。促進普通商品住房消費和供給，加大對中小套型、中低價位普通商品房建設的信貸支持。加快發展二手房市場和住房租賃市場。鼓勵引導各地因地制宜穩定和發展房地產市場，加強住房市場分類管理。繼續整頓房地產市場秩序，規范交易行為。幫助進城農民工解決住房困難問題。深化城鎮住房制度改革，滿足居民多層次住房需求，努力實現住有所居的目標。

Fourth, we will accelerate recovery and reconstruction of areas hit by the Wenchuan earthquake.We will promptly and fully implement the master plan for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The central government will allocate 130 billion yuan for this purpose this year.We will quickly rebuild homes for quake-affected urban and rural residents by combining repair and reinforcement of existing housing with construction of new housing.We will basically complete reconstruction of rural houses collapsed or badly damaged during the earthquake, and ensure quake-stricken residents can move into new houses by the end of this year.We will accelerate rebuilding of schools in the quake zone and ensure that more than 95% of the students whose school buildings were destroyed in the earthquake will have permanent school buildings.We will continue work to repair and rebuild infrastructure such as transportation, communications, energy and water conservancy facilities.We will effectively prevent and control geological disasters, restore the ecosystem, improve the environment, and resume cultivation of damaged arable land.We will speed up industrial rebuilding and development in the quake zone on the basis of the plan to adjust and reinvigorate key industries.We will continue to provide one-to-one assistance and special aid to the quake zone and manage and use funds, goods and materials for post-earthquake reconstruction well.We will intensify and accelerate post-earthquake reconstruction and strive to basically reach the targets in two years that had originally been set for three, so that residents of the quake zone can begin to live a happier life as soon as possible.四是加快推進地震災區恢復重建。抓緊全面實施災后恢復重建總體規劃，中央財政今年再安排１３００億元災后重建資金。加快災區城鄉居民住房恢復重建，實行維修加固與新建相結合。基本完成因災倒塌和嚴重損毀農房重建任務，保證受災群眾在今年底前住進新房。加快地震災區學校恢復建設，確保今年底９５％以上的學生都能在永久性校舍中學習。繼續星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)推進交通、通信、能源、水利等基礎設施恢復重建。搞好地質災害防治、生態修復、環境整治和災毀耕地復耕。結合實施重點產業調整振興規劃，加快災區產業重建與發展。繼續搞好對口支援和專項援助，管好用好災后重建資金和物資。災后重建要加大力度，加快進度，力爭在兩年內基本完成原定三年的目標任務，讓災區人民早日過上更加幸福美好的生活。

3.Consolidating and strengthening the position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy, and promoting steady development of agriculture and continuous increase in rural incomes

（三）鞏固和加強農業基礎地位，促進農業穩定發展和農民持續增收

We will focus on the following five areas.今年重點抓好五件事：

First, we will steadily develop grain production.We will effectively keep the area planted in grain crops stable, focus on increasing the yield per unit area and optimizing the variety mix, and increase the country's grain production capacity by 50 million tons.一是穩定發展糧食生產。切實穩定種植面積，著力提高單產，優化品種結構，推進全國新增千億斤糧食生產能力建設。

Second, we will adjust the agricultural structure based on market demand.We will support the production of important agricultural products in short supply, and improve the quality, profitability and competitiveness of agricultural products.We will speed up implementation of the new plan for developing agricultural products in regions with the most suitable conditions.We will support the growing of oil bearing and other cash crops in areas with the most suitable conditions.We will stabilize hog production, implement the plan for reinvigorating the dairy industry, and promote large-scale, standardized, healthy farming practices in animal husbandry and aquaculture.We will strengthen the prevention and control of major animal and plant epidemics.二是以市場需求為導向調整農業結構。支持重要緊缺農產品生產，提高農產品質量、效益和競爭力。加快實施新一輪優勢農產品區域布局規劃，支持優勢產區發展油料等經濟作物，穩定生豬生產，實施奶業振興規劃，推進畜牧水產規模化標準化健康養殖。加強重大動植物疫病防控。

Third, we will intensify development of agricultural infrastructure and projects designed to improve the lives of rural people.We will develop land on a large scale and comprehensively improve farmland, water supplies, roads, and forests.We will upgrade low-and medium-yield farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards.We will speed up the reinforcement of large and medium-sized reservoirs and dangerous key small reservoirs.We will further improve irrigated areas and build more small water conservancy facilities.By the end of next year, we will have basically paved the roads 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)linking all towns and townships across the country and all incorporated villages with the proper conditions in the eastern and central regions and will have completed the construction of roads connecting all incorporated villages with the proper conditions in the western region.In addition, we will provide safe drinking water to another 60 million people and methane to an additional five million households.We will continue to improve rural infrastructure, including power grids, postal service, and telecommunications, and intensify development of rural social programs.三是加強農業基礎設施和農村民生工程建設。大規模開展土地整治，實行田、水、路、林綜合治理，推進中低產田改造，建設高標準農田。加快大中型和重點小型病險水庫除險加固進度，加強灌區改造和小型農田水利建設。到明年底，基本實現全國鄉鎮和東中部地區具備條件的建制村道路硬化，西部地區具備條件的建制村通公路。再解決６０００萬人安全飲水問題，增加５００萬沼氣用戶，繼續加強農村電網、郵政通信和社會事業等基礎建設。

Fourth, we will increase rural incomes in a variety of ways.We will vigorously develop modern agriculture with distinctive local features, support intensive processing and sale of agricultural products, develop rural secondary and tertiary industries, accelerate the development of small towns, and strengthen county economies.四是多渠道促進農民增收。大力發展特色現代農業，扶持農產品精深加工和銷售，發展農村二三產業，加快小城鎮建設，壯大縣域經濟。

Fifth, we will intensify our efforts to alleviate poverty through development.This year, a new poverty line will be adopted and all low-income rural residents will be covered by the poverty relief policy.The threshold will be increased to 1,196 yuan per person on average, and coverage will be extended to include 40.07 million recipients.This marks the beginning of a new stage in China's efforts to reduce poverty through development.We need to improve state poverty relief strategies and policies, increase funding, and steadfastly make development the basis of poverty reduction.We will give priority to eradicating poverty at the village level, training rural residents for nonagricultural employment, and reducing poverty through industrial development and relocation of residents so that the poor get the basic necessities, escape poverty, and become prosperous.五是加大扶貧開發力度。今年將實行新的扶貧標準，對農村低收入人口全面實施扶貧政策。新標準提高到人均１１９６元，扶貧對象覆蓋４００７萬人，這標志著我國扶貧開發進入一個新階段。要完善國家扶貧戰略和政策，加大扶貧資金投入，堅持開發式扶貧，重點抓好整村推進、勞動力轉移培訓、產業化扶貧和移民扶貧，穩定解決扶貧對象溫飽問題并努力實現脫貧致富。

We will take the following measures to comprehensively strengthen our work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers.全面加強“三農”工作要采取以下措施：

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)

First, we will greatly increase funding for agriculture and rural areas.Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers will total 716.1 billion yuan this year, a year-on-year increase of 120.6 billion yuan.We will significantly increase funding for rural public facilities in the central and western regions, and relieve governments at and below the county level of the burden of providing supporting funds for them.Greater priority will be given to major grain-producing areas in implementing the policies and measures supporting grain production.More general transfer payments and financial rewards will be provided to major grain-producing counties and greater support given to projects for industrializing grain production.一要大幅度增加農業農村投入。今年中央財政擬安排“三農”投入７１６１億元，比上年增加１２０６億元。大幅度增加對中西部地區農村公益性建設項目投入，取消縣及縣以下相關資金配套要求。支持糧食生產的政策措施向主產區傾斜，加大對產糧大縣一般性轉移支付、財政獎勵和糧食產業建設項目的扶持力度。

Second, we will significantly raise minimum grain purchase prices and keep the prices of agricultural products stable at a reasonable level to encourage farmers to grow more.This year the floor price for the purchase of wheat and rice will be increased by 0.22 yuan and 0.26 yuan per kilogram on average respectively.We will apply policies in a timely fashion to temporarily purchase and stockpile major agricultural products to build up reserves of grain, cotton, edible oil and pork, and strengthen regulation of the farm products market.二要較大幅度提高糧食最低收購價，保持農產品價格合理水平，提高種糧農民積極性。今年小麥、稻谷最低收購價平均每斤分別提高０．１１元和０．１３元。適時啟動主要農產品臨時收儲政策，增加糧食、棉花、食用植物油和豬肉儲備，加強農產品市場調控。

Third, we will further increase agricultural subsidies.Central government funding for these subsidies will total 123 billion yuan, an increase of 20 billion yuan over last year.Direct subsidies to grain producers will continue to increase.We will increase subsidies for the use of superior seed varieties, raise subsidy levels, make subsidies available to all rice, wheat, corn and cotton growers, extend them more widely to canola and soybean farmers, and start to subsidize tea-oil tree planting.The central government will spend 13 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of nine billion yuan, on subsidies to all agricultural and pastoral counties(farms)throughout the country for purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We will promptly increase general subsidies for agricultural supplies to coordinate with price rises and changes in the acreage planted in various crops.三要進一步增加農業補貼。中央財政擬安排補貼資金１２３０億元，比上年增加２００億元。繼續增加糧食直補。加大良種補貼力度，提高補貼標準，實現水稻、小麥、玉米、棉花全覆蓋，擴大油菜和大豆良種補貼范圍，實施油茶良種補貼。農機具購置補貼覆蓋到全國所有農牧業縣（場），中央財政擬安排資金１３０億元，比上年增加９０億元。根據農資星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)價格上漲幅度和農作物播種面積，及時增加農資綜合補貼。

Fourth, we will speed up development of a new system under which various sectors of society provide services for agriculture.We will increase spending on agricultural science and technology, intensify efforts to expand application of innovations in agricultural science and technology and become better able to provide agriculture-related technical services.We will improve public service agencies charged with promoting application of agricultural technologies, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and monitoring the quality of agricultural products at the local level.We will support supply and marketing cooperatives, specialized farmer cooperatives and pacesetting enterprises in providing diverse production and operation services.四要加快新型農業社會化服務體系建設。加大農業科技投入，加強農業科技創新成果推廣和服務能力建設。健全基層農業技術推廣、動植物疫病防控、農產品質量監管等公共服務機構，支持供銷合作社、農民專業合作社、龍頭企業等提供多種形式的生產經營服務。

Fifth, we will stabilize and improve the basic rural operation system.We will ensure that existing land contract relationships remain stable and unchanged for a long time to come, and enhance and better protect the land contract and management rights enjoyed by rural residents, including migrant workers who are away from their home villages.The transfer of land use rights must occur on a compensated, voluntary basis and be conducted in accordance with the law.We will adhere to and apply the strictest possible systems for protecting arable land and economizing on the use of land, and do everything in our power to keep the total amount of arable land above the red line of 120 million hectares.Reform of the system of collective forest rights will move forward.Overall rural reform will be deepened.We will accelerate reform of town and township government departments and work actively yet prudently to ease the debts of townships and villages.五要穩定完善農村基本經營制度。現有土地承包關系要保持穩定并長久不變，賦予農民包括離鄉農民工更加充分而有保障的土地承包經營權。土地承包經營權流轉必須堅持依法自愿有償的原則。堅持和落實最嚴格的耕地保護制度和最嚴格的節約用地制度，嚴守１８億畝耕地紅線不動搖。推進集體林權制度改革。深化農村綜合改革。加快鄉鎮機構改革。積極穩妥化解鄉村債務。

4.Accelerating transformation of the pattern of development and energetically promoting strategic economic restructuring

（四）加快轉變發展方式，大力推進經濟結構戰略性調整

This year we will focus on improving industrial restructuring in order to maintain economic growth and promote industrial upgrading.今年要圍繞保增長、促升級，重點抓好產業結構調整。

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)First, we will conscientiously implement plans for adjusting and invigorating key industries such as the automobile, steel, shipbuilding, petrochemical, textile, nonferrous metals, equipment manufacturing, information technology, modern logistics, and light industries.We will carry out industrial restructuring and upgrading to resolve the prominent problems and conflicts that hinder their development.一是認真實施汽車、鋼鐵、造船、石化、輕工、紡織、有色金屬、裝備制造、電子信息、現代物流等重點產業調整和振興規劃。著力解決這些行業發展中存在的突出矛盾和問題，推進結構調整和優化升級。

Second, we will energetically adjust the structure of enterprises and carry out mergers and reorganizations.We will support superior enterprises in acquiring ones that are backward or have financial difficulties.We will encourage well-established enterprises to work with each other, and upstream and downstream enterprises to integrate their operations in order to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.二是大力推進企業組織結構調整和兼并重組，支持優勢企業并購落后企業和困難企業，鼓勵強強聯合和上下游一體化經營，提高產業集中度和資源配置效率。

Third, we will take more effective measures to support development of small and medium-sized enterprises.We will promptly implement financial support policies, improve the financing guarantee system, streamline loan procedures, and increase the scale of loans.Central government funding for supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises will increase from 3.9 billion yuan to 9.6 billion yuan.We will continue to implement preferential tax policies to encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to make scientific and technological innovations, upgrade their technology, and create more jobs.We will improve the system under which various sectors of society provide services for small and medium-sized enterprises.三是采取更加有力的措施扶持中小企業發展。抓緊落實金融支持政策，健全融資擔保體系，簡化貸款程序，增加貸款規模。中央財政中小企業發展資金從３９億元增加到９６億元。繼續實行鼓勵中小企業科技創新、技術改造、增加就業的稅收優惠政策。健全中小企業社會化服務體系。

Fourth, we will actively support enterprises in accelerating technological upgrading and develop innovation-based enterprises.The central government will allocate 20 billion yuan, mainly in interest subsidies, to support technological upgrading in enterprises.We will encourage enterprises to apply new technologies, new production processes, new equipment and new materials so that they can adapt to market changes, develop more readily marketable products, undertake product innovation, and improve their product quality and the level of production and business operations.四是積極支持企業加快技術改造，建設創新型企業。中央財政擬安排２００億元專項星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)資金，主要用貼息方式支持企業技術改造。鼓勵企業應用新技術、新工藝、新設備、新材料，適應市場變化，開發適銷對路產品，推進產品創新，提高產品質量和生產經營水平。

Fifth, we will accelerate development of modern service industries.We will promote development of the banking, insurance, modern logistics, consulting, software and creative industries, and develop new types of services.We will upgrade traditional service industries.五是加快發展現代服務業。促進金融保險、現代物流、信息咨詢、軟件和創意產業發展，拓展新興服務領域。提升傳統服務業。

We will vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation.We will integrate making technological innovation with boosting domestic demand, maintaining economic growth, making structural adjustments and raising the level of development.This year the central government will allocate 146.1 billion yuan to the science and technology sector, up 25.6% from last year.大力推進科技創新。科技創新要與擴內需、促增長，調結構、上水平緊密結合起來。今年中央財政科技投入１４６１億元，增長２５．６％。

First, we need to speed up implementation of the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, particularly, implementation of major science and technology projects.We will select and launch a number of projects that give strong impetus to scientific and technological development, have a widespread impact, and yield quick results, in order to quickly make breakthroughs in core and key generic technologies that can stimulate the transformation of industries and technological upgrading, and support invigoration of industries and long-term economic development.一要加快實施國家中長期科技發展規劃綱要，特別是科技重大專項。選擇一些帶動力強、影響面大、見效快的項目抓緊開展工作，爭取盡快突破一批核心技術和關鍵共性技術，帶動產業轉型和技術升級，支撐產業振興和經濟長遠發展。

Second, we need to deepen reform of the science and technology management system.We will get enterprises to play a key role in technological innovation, and encourage more scientists and engineers to work on the frontlines of economic development spreading technologies, doing product R&D, and starting technology based enterprises.We will get enterprises, universities, and research institutes to work more closely together to accelerate the application of scientific and technological advances in production.二要深化科技體制改革，發揮企業在技術創新中的主體作用。動員更多科技人員投身經濟建設第一線，推廣技術、研發產品、創辦科技型企業。推進產學研結合，加快科技成果向現實生產力轉化。

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)

Third, we will make the equipment manufacturing industry stronger and larger.We will implement the project to increase self-sufficiency in doing R&D on manufacturing major equipment and implement a related system of government procurement.We will vigorously develop manufacturing of complete sets of major equipment, high-tech equipment and equipment needed in high-tech industries, raise the level of integrated innovation and make greater use of domestic components in the equipment manufacturing industry.三要做強做大裝備制造業。落實自主研發重大裝備國內依托工程和政府采購制度，著力發展重大成套設備、高技術裝備和高技術產業所需裝備，提高裝備制造業集成創新和國產化水平。

Fourth, we will support and promote R&D on technologies in new energy sources, biology, medicine, third generation mobile communications, the integration of telecommunications networks, cable TV networks and the Internet, energy conservation and environmental protection, and their industrial application.We will develop clusters of new-and high-tech industries, and create new areas of demand in society.四要支持和推進新能源、生物、醫藥、第三代移動通信、三網融合、節能環保等技術研發和產業化，發展高新技術產業群，創造新的社會需求。

Fifth, we will continue to implement the strategy of reinvigorating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the country through human resources development and the intellectual property rights strategy.We will continue to develop the national innovation system, intensify basic research and research in leading-edge technologies, and accelerate development of major infrastructure facilities and public platforms for science and technology.We will work vigorously to bring in high-caliber personnel and intellectual resources from overseas and intensify the training of all types of personnel.We will become better able to create, utilize, protect and manage intellectual property rights.五要繼續實施科教興國戰略、人才強國戰略和知識產權戰略。繼續推進國家創新體系建設，加強基礎科學和前沿技術研究，加快重大科技基礎設施和公用平臺建設。積極引進海外高層次人才和智力，加強各類人才隊伍建設。提高知識產權創造、運用、保護和管理水平。

We will work tirelessly to save energy, reduce emissions, preserve the ecosystems, and protect the environment.毫不松懈地加強節能減排和生態環保工作。

First, we will emphasize energy conservation in the three key areas of industry, transportation and construction;continue work on the ten major energy conservation projects;and implement energy-conserving measures for power generators, boilers, 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)automobiles, air-conditioners and lighting products.一是突出抓好工業、交通、建筑三大領域節能，繼續推進十大重點節能工程建設，落實電機、鍋爐、汽車、空調、照明等方面的節能措施。

Second, we will energetically develop a circular economy and clean energy.We will steadfastly save energy, water and land.We will vigorously develop clean energy such as nuclear, hydraulic, wind, and solar power.We will promote the adaptation of clean coal technology for industrial application.We will strictly enforce national standards for energy consumption and environmental protection, increase the use of energy-conserving technologies and products, and promote comprehensive utilization of resources.二是大力發展循環經濟和清潔能源。堅持節能節水節地。積極發展核電、水電、風電、太陽能發電等清潔能源。推進潔凈煤技術產業化。嚴格執行能耗和環保國家標準，加大節能技術和產品推廣應用力度，加強資源綜合利用。

Third, we will improve our policies for conserving energy and protecting the environment, and strictly enforce the system of standards, assessment system and monitoring system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.三是健全節能環保各項政策，按照節能減排指標體系、考核體系、監測體系，狠抓落實。

Fourth, we will launch a nationwide campaign on the importance of energy conservation and emissions reduction, in which state organs and government-affiliated enterprises and institutions need to play an exemplary role.四是開展全民節能減排行動，國家機關、公共企事業單位要發揮表率作用。

Fifth, we will continue to intensify pollution prevention and control in key river valleys and regions;control the spread of stony deserts and desertification;carry out ecological conservation projects to build key forest shelterbelts, protect virgin forests, and bring the sources of dust storms affecting Beijing and Tianjin under control;and protect water, forests, grasslands, wetlands and other elements of the ecosystems.We will comprehensively improve the rural environment.We will rectify and standardize order in the exploitation of mineral resources and develop and use marine resources wisely.五是繼續強化重點流域、區域污染防治，加強石漠化、荒漠化治理，實施重點防護林、天然林保護和京津風沙源治理等生態建設工程，保護水、森林、草原、濕地等生態環境。推進農村環境綜合整治。整頓規范礦產資源開發秩序。合理開發利用海洋資源。

Sixth, we will implement the national plan for addressing climate change and become better able to respond to it.We will intensify basic research in meteorology, earthquake science, disaster prevention and mitigation, and surveying and mapping and 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)strengthen these areas.六是實施應對氣候變化國家方案，提高應對氣候變化能力。加強氣象、地震、防災減災、測繪基礎研究和能力建設。

We will comprehensively improve product quality and enhance workplace safety.This year we will launch a campaign to rectify and standardize order in the market and carry out the Quality and Safety Year campaign, which requires all industries and sectors to strengthen quality and safety supervision of all personnel and all processes in all areas.We will further tighten oversight and supervision of workplace safety in key industries and resolutely prevent serious and major accidents.We will make intensive efforts to improve food and drug safety, and improve and strictly enforce standards for product quality and safety.We will implement strict market access rules and product trace ability and recall systems so that the people buy food and drugs with confidence and consume them with satisfaction.全面提高產品質量和安全生產水平。今年要在全國開展整頓和規范市場秩序專項行動以及“質量和安全年”活動，各行各業都要加強全員、全過程、全方位質量和安全管理。進一步強化重點行業安全生產監管，堅決遏制重特大安全事故發生。深入開展食品藥品安全專項整治，健全并嚴格執行產品質量安全標準。實行嚴格的市場準入制度和產品質量追溯制度、召回制度。要讓人民群眾買得放心、吃得安心、用得舒心。

We will continue to implement the overall regional development strategy of promoting the large-scale development of the western region, reinvigorating northeast China and other old industrial bases, energizing development of the central region, and getting the eastern region to take the lead in development, and promote balanced development among regions.We will encourage all regions to work on the basis of local conditions, make full use of their advantages, and find a new path for development in response to the shock of external events.The eastern region needs to vigorously open up international markets, stabilize exports, and develop advanced manufacturing, modern services and new-and high-tech industries.It needs to accelerate industrial upgrading and institutional innovation, foster new areas of economic growth, create new advantages for participating in international cooperation and competition, and raise its capability for sustainable development.Special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin need to continue to take the lead in reform and opening up.We will increase support to the central and western regions and northeast China to improve their weak links in development.To remove bottlenecks in these regions, we will increase spending on infrastructure, ecological conservation and environmental protection, launch a number of key transportation and water conservancy projects, and accelerate development of a number of grain, energy, raw materials and equipment manufacturing bases that have distinctive local features and special advantages.We will accelerate development of key areas on a priority basis.We will promote the transformation of the economies of cities once dependent on now-depleted mineral resources in these regions.We will promptly formulate specific policies to encourage 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)industries to relocate to the central and western regions, and formulate and implement a national plan for development priority zones.We will fully support the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas.繼續實施西部大開發、東北地區等老工業基地振興、中部地區崛起、東部地區率先發展的區域發展總體戰略，促進區域協調發展。鼓勵各地從實際出發，充分發揮自身優勢，在應對外部沖擊中闖出發展新路。東部地區要大力開拓國際市場，穩定出口，著力發展先進制造業、現代服務業和高新技術產業，加快產業升級和體制創新，培育新的經濟增長點，形成參與國際合作競爭新優勢，增強更高水平上的可持續發展能力。經濟特區、上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區要繼續當好改革開放排頭兵。進一步支持中西部和東北地區加強薄弱環節，以消除瓶頸制約為重點，加大基礎設施、生態建設和環境保護投資力度，新開工一批交通、水利重點工程，加快建設一批糧食、能源原材料、裝備制造等優勢產業基地和特色產業基地，加快重點地區優先開發，促進礦產資源枯竭型城市經濟轉型。抓緊研究制定中西部地區承接產業轉移的具體政策。制定和實施全國主體功能區規劃。大力扶持革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區和貧困地區發展。

5.Continuing to deepen reform and opening up, and further improving systems and mechanisms conducive to developing in a scientific manner

（五）繼續深化改革開放，進一步完善有利于科學發展的體制機制

Reform and opening up provide an inexhaustible driving force for economic and social development.We will unswervingly carry out reform and opening up, resolve thorny problems hindering development by deepening reform, and obtain opportunities for development as China opens wider to the outside world.改革開放是經濟社會發展的不竭動力。我們將堅持改革開放不動搖，通過深化改革破解發展難題，在擴大開放中贏得發展機遇。

We will move ahead with price reform for resource products.We will continue to deepen reform of power prices and gradually improve the mechanism for determining rates for putting power on the grid, transmitting and distributing power, and selling power, and balance the prices of coal and power in a timely fashion.We will press ahead with reform of water prices, gradually increase the price of water for non-farming purposes supplied from water projects, and improve the system for collecting and managing water resource fees.We will accelerate the establishment of sound systems for paying for the use of mineral resources and for compensating for ecological damage, and actively carry out trade in pollution rights on a trial basis.推進資源性產品價格改革。繼續深化電價改革，逐步完善上網電價、輸配電價和銷售電價形成機制，適時理順煤電價格關系。積極推進水價改革，逐步提高水利工程供非農業用水價格，完善水資源費征收管理體制。加快建立健全礦產資源有償使用制度和生態補償機制，積極開展排污權交易試點。

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)We will carry forward reform of the fiscal and taxation systems.We will comprehensively institute VAT reforms.We will extend the urban construction and maintenance tax and education surcharges from Chinese to foreign enterprises and citizens.We will reform and improve the system of resource taxes.We will carry out reform of the taxation system for the real estate industry.We will continue to bring order to administrative fees and government-managed funds and further standardize their management.We will deepen reform of the budgetary system to better coordinate the budget for the government's public expenditures, budget for use of state capital, budget for government-managed funds, and budget for social security programs and vigorously promote greater openness in budgetary work.We will improve the transfer payment system.We will promote the reform to place county public finances directly under the management of provincial governments.推進財稅體制改革。全面實施增值稅轉型改革。統一內外資企業和個人城建稅、教育費附加等制度。改革完善資源稅制度。研究推進房地產稅制改革。繼續清理行政事業性收費和政府性基金，加強規范管理。深化預算制度改革，實現政府公共預算、國有資本經營預算、政府性基金預算和社會保障預算的有機銜接，積極推進預算公開。完善財政轉移支付制度。推進省直管縣財政管理方式改革。

We will carry forward reform of the financial system.We will deepen the reform of state-owned financial institutions, and steadily develop small and medium-sized financial enterprises under multiple forms of ownership and new types of rural financial institutions.We will actively encourage healthy development of informal financing.We will continue to carry out reform of capital markets, and stabilize stock markets.We will develop and standardize the bond market, and steadily develop the futures market.We will deepen reform of the insurance sector to make the most of its guarantee and financing functions.We will carry forward market-based reform of interest rates.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime, and keep the RMB exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.We will strengthen the mechanism for coordinating oversight and supervision in the financial sector.推進金融體制改革。深化國有金融機構改革。穩步發展多種所有制中小金融企業和新型農村金融機構。積極引導民間融資健康發展。推進資本市場改革，維護股票市場穩定。發展和規范債券市場。穩步發展期貨市場。深化保險業改革，積極發揮保險保障和融資功能。推進利率市場化改革。完善人民幣匯率形成機制，保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的基本穩定。健全金融監管協調機制。

We will carry forward reform of state-owned enterprises and support the development of the non-public sector of the economy.We will deepen the reform to introduce corporate and shareholding systems in large state-owned enterprises and establish a sound modern corporate structure.We will accelerate reform of the railway, power and salt industries, improve the administrative systems of the civil aviation and telecommunications industries, and formulate and introduce complementary policies for regulating reform of the telecommunications system.We will encourage, support and 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)guide the development of the non-public sector.We will implement all the policies for relaxing controls over market access and energetically support the involvement of private capital in SOE reform and its entry into such areas as infrastructure, public utilities, financial services and social programs.推進國有企業改革和支持非公有制經濟發展。深化國有大型企業公司制、股份制改革，建立健全現代企業制度。加快鐵路、電力、鹽業等行業改革。完善民航、電信管理體制，制定出臺電信體制改革配套監管政策。鼓勵、支持和引導非公有制經濟發展。落實放寬市場準入的各項政策，積極支持民間資本參與國有企業改革，進入基礎設施、公用事業、金融服務和社會事業等領域。

We will accelerate institutional reform in local governments and move forward with the reform of government-affiliated institutions.加快地方政府機構改革。推進事業單位改革。

We will strive to ensure steady growth in foreign trade.While stressing the importance of boosting domestic demand, we must not slacken efforts to promote export.In the face of the serious situation of a sharp decline in external demand and growing trade protectionism, we will straighten out and adjust our foreign trade policies and increase our support for import and export.We will continue to diversify our export markets and compete on quality, enhance traditional export markets, and energetically open up new markets.努力保持對外貿易穩定增長。我們強調擴大內需，絕不能放松出口。面對外部需求急劇萎縮、貿易保護主義抬頭的嚴峻形勢，要清理和調整外貿政策，加大對進出口工作的支持力度。堅持出口市場多元化和以質取勝戰略，鞏固傳統出口市場，大力開拓新興市場。

First, we will fully employ internationally accepted fiscal and taxation policies to support our export.We will increase the Foreign Trade Development Fund to an appropriate extent, focusing on cultivating brand-name export products and supporting small and medium-sized enterprises in expanding their international markets.一是充分運用國際通行的財稅政策支持出口；適度擴大外貿發展基金規模，重點支持中小企業開拓國際市場和培育出口品牌。

Second, we will improve our financial services for importing and exporting.We will expand the coverage of export credit insurance, and encourage financial institutions to develop export credit.We need to make innovations in financing guarantees for export enterprises.二是改善對進出口的金融服務。擴大出口信用保險覆蓋面；鼓勵金融機構發展出口信貸；創新出口企業融資擔保方式。

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)Third, we will steadily carry out upgrading of processing trade.We will improve the climate for developing it, and adjust the list of commodities whose processing is classified as prohibited or subject to restrictions.We will encourage the relocation of export processing industries to the central and western regions.三是穩步推進加工貿易轉型升級。改善加工貿易發展環境，調整加工貿易禁止類和限制類目錄；鼓勵出口加工業向中西部地區轉移。

Fourth, we will promptly improve policies and measures to encourage development of trade in services and energetically develop the outsourcing of international services to China.四是抓緊完善鼓勵服務貿易的政策措施；大力發展國際服務外包。

Fifth, we will strive to expand imports, focusing on introducing advanced technology and equipment and increasing imports of key spare parts and components, and important energy sources, resources and raw materials.五是努力擴大進口。重點引進先進技術裝備，增加關鍵零部件元器件、重要能源資源和原材料進口。

Sixth, we will improve the level of trade facilitation.We will improve supervision and service in customs, quality inspections and foreign exchange and intensify the development of border ports.六是提高貿易便利化水平。優化海關、質檢、外匯等方面監管和服務；加強邊境口岸建設。

Seventh, we will work for a favorable international environment for trade and economic cooperation.We will vigorously promote the Doha round of trade talks, accelerate implementation of the strategy of free trade zones, and properly handle trade frictions.七是營造良好的國際經貿環境。積極推動多哈回合談判；加快實施自由貿易區戰略；妥善應對貿易摩擦。

We will promote balanced development between foreign investment in China and Chinese investment overseas.We will keep the size of foreign investment in China steady and encourage more foreign investment in new-and high-tech industries, advanced manufacturing, energy-conservation and environmental protection industries, and modern service industries.We will further straighten out and standardize administrative fees for foreign-investment projects and the criteria for evaluating them.We will upgrade national development zones in the central and western regions and improve the opening of our border areas to the outside world.We will continue to implement the “go global” 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)strategy, support all kinds of competent Chinese enterprises in investing overseas and undertaking international mergers and acquisitions, and encourage large enterprises to play a leading role in implementing the “go global” strategy.We will vigorously promote the establishment of trade and economic cooperation zones, joint exploitation of resources, undertaking of contracted projects and labor service cooperation in other countries.We will increase financial support for enterprises engaged in overseas investment and economic cooperation, and expand channels for investment in other countries.We will expand the scope of the registration system for Chinese investment overseas, and strengthen risk control and supervision of enterprises' overseas investments.推動利用外資和對外投資協調發展。穩定利用外資規模，引導外資投向高新技術產業、先進制造業、節能環保產業和現代服務業。進一步清理和規范涉及外商投資的行政收費和檢查事項。提升中西部國家級開發區發展水平和沿邊開放水平。繼續實施“走出去”戰略。支持各類有條件的企業對外投資和開展跨國并購，充分發揮大型企業在“走出去”中的主力軍作用。積極推進境外經貿合作區建設。發展境外資源合作開發、工程承包和勞務合作。加強企業對外投資合作的金融支持，拓寬對外投資渠道。擴大境外投資備案登記制范圍。加強企業對外投資的風險控制和監管。

6.Energetically developing social programs and vigorously ensuring and improving the well-being of the people

（六）大力發展社會事業，著力保障和改善民生

This year we will concentrate on accomplishing major tasks that are urgently needed in economic and social development and directly related to the vital interests of the people to improve their well-being.今年要集中力量辦一些經濟社會發展急需、關系人民群眾切身利益的大事實事，讓人民群眾得到更多實惠。

We will do everything in our power to stimulate employment.We will make full use of the role of the service sector, labor-intensive industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, and the non-public sector of the economy in creating jobs.We will implement a more proactive employment policy, and the central government will allocate 42 billion yuan for this purpose.千方百計促進就業。充分發揮服務業、勞動密集型產業、中小企業、非公有制經濟在吸納就業中的作用。實施更加積極的就業政策，中央財政擬投入４２０億元資金。

First, we will give high priority to facilitating the employment of university graduates.Graduates who take jobs in public administration and public services at the community level in urban and rural areas will receive social security benefits and position subsidies.Those who either take jobs in villages or enlist in the army will receive tuition 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)reimbursement and have their student loans forgiven.We will encourage institutions of higher learning, research institutes and enterprises undertaking key research projects to recruit qualified university graduates to do research work.Enterprises recruiting such graduates will receive relevant employment policy support from the government.We will speed up the establishment of startup industrial parks and incubation bases that require less investment and yield quicker results where college graduates can start their own businesses.一是把促進高校畢業生就業放在突出位置。高校畢業生到城鄉基層社會管理和公共服務崗位就業，給予社會保險和崗位補貼；到農村基層服務和參軍入伍，給予學費補償和代償助學貸款。鼓勵承擔重點科研項目的高校、科研院所和企業吸納符合條件的畢業生從事科研工作。企業吸納符合條件的高校畢業生就業，可按規定享受相關就業扶持政策。加快建設一批投資少、見效快的大學生創業園或創業孵化基地。

Second, we will expand employment opportunities for rural migrant workers in cities while stabilizing their existing jobs.We will stimulate their employment through government investment and the launch of major projects.We will encourage and help enterprises that are in a difficult situation to prevent layoffs by renegotiating wage levels with their employees, adopting flexible employment and work hours, or providing job training for them.We will increase the export of organized labor services and guide the orderly flow of rural migrant workers.We will arrange for those that have returned to their home villages to take part in the construction of local public facilities.二是廣開農民工就業門路和穩定現有就業崗位。要發揮政府投資和重大項目建設帶動農民工就業的作用。鼓勵和支持困難企業與員工協商薪酬，采取靈活用工、彈性工時、技能培訓等辦法，盡量不裁員。加強有組織的勞務輸出，引導農民工有序流動。組織返鄉農民工參與農村公共設施建設。

Third, we will help urban residents experiencing difficulty finding work, members of zero-employment households and workers in disaster-stricken areas find jobs.We will create more public-service jobs.三是幫助城鎮就業困難人員、零就業家庭和災區勞動力就業。進一步開辟公益性就業崗位。

Fourth, we will vigorously support individuals in starting their own businesses or finding jobs on their own, thus expanding employment by creating new businesses.We will adopt facilitating and preferential policies concerning market access, taxation, financing and land use to encourage more workers to become entrepreneurs.We will further lower the barrier for individuals, including rural migrant workers who have returned to their home villages, to start their own businesses and lend them more support in this area.四是大力支持自主創業、自謀職業，促進以創業帶動就業。在市場準入、財稅金融、星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)經營用地等方面提供便利和優惠，鼓勵更多勞動者成為創業者。對自主創業、農民工返鄉創業要進一步降低門檻，給予更大支持。

Fifth, we will further improve public services for employment.We will improve the release of employment information and provide more effective career and employment guidance.We will vigorously develop vocational training.We will increase policy support for skills training for rural migrant workers and urban residents experiencing employment difficulty.五是進一步改善對就業的公共服務。加強就業信息發布、職業介紹和就業指導工作。大力開展職業培訓。加大對就業困難人員和農民工職業技能培訓的政策扶持。

We will move faster to improve the social safety net.加快完善社會保障體系。

First, we will press ahead with institutional development.We will improve the basic old-age insurance system, continue to carryout the pilot projects to fully fund personal accounts for old-age insurance, and comprehensively carry out planning at the provincial level.We will formulate and implement a method for old-age pensions for rural migrant workers.The pilot projects for establishing a new type of old-age insurance system for rural residents will cover approximately 10% of the counties and county-level cities in the country.We will introduce a method for transferring old-age pension accounts for workers moving from one region to another, and improve the systems of unemployment, workers' compensation, and maternity insurance.We will improve the urban and rural social assistance systems.一是推進制度建設。完善基本養老保險制度，繼續開展做實個人賬戶試點，全面推進省級統籌。制定實施農民工養老保險辦法。新型農村社會養老保險試點要覆蓋全國１０％左右的縣（市）。出臺養老保險關系轉移接續辦法。完善失業、工傷、生育保險制度。健全城鄉社會救助制度。

Second, we will expand coverage of social security programs, focusing on coverage for employees in the non-public sector, rural migrant workers, farmers whose land was expropriated, people with flexible employment arrangements and freelancers.All rural residents entitled to cost of living allowances will receive them.We will increase funding for the national social safety net through multiple channels.We will strengthen supervision of social security funds to ensure their safety.二是擴大社會保障覆蓋范圍。重點做好非公有制經濟從業人員、農民工、被征地農民、靈活就業人員和自由職業者參保工作。農村低保要做到應保盡保。多渠道增加全國社會保障基金。切實加強社會保障基金監管，保證基金安全。

Third, we will increase social security benefits.We will continue to raise the basic 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)old-age pensions for enterprise retirees by an annual average of about 10% per person for the next two years.We will continue to increase unemployment insurance benefits and workers' compensation.We will extend greater financial support to both urban and rural recipients of cost of living allowances and to childless and infirm rural residents who receive subsidies for food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses, and increase subsidies and living allowances to members of entitled groups.We will vigorously develop social welfare and charity programs.The central government plans to spend 293 billion yuan on the social safety net this year, up 17.6% or 43.9 billion yuan over the estimated figure for last year.Local governments will also increase funding in this area.三是提高社會保障待遇。今明兩年繼續提高企業退休人員基本養老金，人均每年增長１０％左右。繼續提高失業保險金和工傷保險金標準。進一步提高城鄉低保、農村五保等保障水平，提高優撫對象撫恤和生活補助標準。大力發展社會福利事業和慈善事業。中央財政擬投入社會保障資金２９３０億元，比上年預計數增加４３９億元，增長１７．６％。地方財政也要加大投入。

We will continue to give priority to developing education.This year we will formulate the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development to make comprehensive arrangements for education reform and development in China through 2020.This year, we need to focus on the following five areas.堅持優先發展教育事業。今年要研究制定國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要，對２０２０年前我國教育改革發展作出全面部署。年內要重點抓好五個方面。

First, we will promote fairness in education.We will implement free compulsory education policies for both urban and rural areas well.We will increase public expenditures on rural compulsory education to 300 yuan per primary school student and 500 yuan per junior secondary school student.We will progressively ensure that children of rural migrant workers have access to free compulsory education in the places where their families have relocated.We will increase living allowances for rural students receiving compulsory education who come from poor families and stay in school dormitories.We will strive to basically clear the debts incurred in providing nine-year compulsory education in rural areas within three years.We will improve the national financial aid system for students and increase financial aid for secondary vocational school and university students from poor families to ensure that everyone enjoys equal opportunity to receive education and that no child is denied schooling due to financial difficulties.一是促進教育公平。落實好城鄉免費義務教育政策。提高農村義務教育公用經費標準，把小學、初中學生人均公用經費分別提高到３００元和５００元。逐步解決農民工子女在輸入地免費接受義務教育問題。增加農村義務教育階段家庭經濟困難寄宿生的生活補助。爭取三年內基本解決農村“普九”債務問題。完善國家助學制度，加大對中等職業學校和高等院校星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)家庭經濟困難學生的資助，確保人人享有平等的受教育機會，不讓一個孩子因家庭經濟困難而失學。

Second, we will optimize the education structure.We will energetically develop vocational education, with the focus on supporting rural secondary vocational education.We will gradually make secondary vocational education free, beginning this year with rural students from poor families and students studying agriculture-related subjects.We will continue to improve the quality of higher education, develop high-quality universities and key disciplines, and guide institutions of higher learning to adapt their specialties, curriculums and courses to meet the needs of the market and China's economic and social development.二是優化教育結構。大力發展職業教育，特別要重點支持農村中等職業教育。逐步實行中等職業教育免費，今年先從農村家庭經濟困難學生和涉農專業做起。繼續提高高等教育質量，推進高水平大學和重點學科建設，引導高等學校調整專業和課程設置，適應市場和經濟社會發展需求。

Third, we will improve the quality of teachers.We will apply a performance-based salary system for teachers in compulsory education and raise salaries for the 12 million primary and secondary school teachers.The central government will spend 12 billion yuan and local governments will also increase funding for this purpose.We will step up training for all teachers, especially rural teachers, and encourage graduates from teachers colleges and other colleges and universities to teach at community and village schools.三是加強教師隊伍建設。對義務教育階段教師實行績效工資制度，提高１２００萬中小學教師待遇，中央財政為此將投入１２０億元，地方財政也要增加投入。全面加強教師特別是農村教師培訓，鼓勵大學生、師范生到基層、農村任教。

Fourth, we will advance well-rounded education.Education of all types and at all levels must focus on promoting all-round development of students.Reform of curriculums, textbooks, teaching methods and examination and evaluation systems should be accelerated to relieve primary and secondary school students of their excessive study load so that they will have more time to think, practice and create.四是推進素質教育。各級各類教育都要著眼于促進人的全面發展，加快課程、教材、教育方法和考試評價制度改革，把中小學生從過重的課業負擔中解放出來，讓學生有更多的時間思考、實踐、創造。

Fifth, we will implement a program to ensure that all primary and secondary school buildings are safe and promote standardization in the construction of rural primary and secondary schools.We will make school buildings places that are the safest and provide the greatest assurance to parents.五是實施全國中小學校舍安全工程，推進農村中小學標準化建設。要把學校建成最安星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)全、家長最放心的地方。

We will carry forward pharmaceutical and health care reform and development.We will ensure that public medical and health care services serve the public good and fully arouse the initiative of health workers.We will work hard to establish a nationwide basic medical and health care system for both urban and rural areas to begin providing universal coverage.We will focus on the following five areas starting from this year.推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展。要堅持公共醫療衛生的公益性質，充分調動廣大醫務人員的積極性。努力建成覆蓋全國城鄉的基本醫療衛生制度，初步實現人人享有基本醫療衛生服務。從今年開始，重點抓好以下五項工作。

First, we will develop a system that ensures basic medical care.Urban residents will be covered by basic medical insurance for urban workers or basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents, and rural residents will be covered by the new type of rural cooperative medical care system.We will ensure that these programs cover over 90% of those eligible within three years.The central government will provide appropriate subsidies for retirees from closed or bankrupt state-owned enterprises in financially strained regions to get such insurance.We will continue to raise the standard for financing and increase government subsidies for basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system, appropriately expand the scope of reimbursement and raise the proportion of costs reimbursed.We will improve urban and rural medical assistance programs and improve the level of assistance.一是推進基本醫療保障制度建設。將全國城鄉居民分別納入城鎮職工基本醫療保險、城鎮居民基本醫療保險和新型農村合作醫療制度覆蓋范圍，三年內參保率均提高到９０％以上。中央財政對困難地區關閉破產國有企業退休人員參保給予適當補助。繼續提高城鎮居民醫保和新農合籌資標準和財政補助標準，適當擴大報銷范圍，提高報銷比例。完善城鄉醫療救助制度，提高救助水平。

Second, we will establish a national system for basic drugs.This year, we will formulate and promulgate a unified national basic drugs catalog and adopt policies concerning their production, distribution, pricing, use and insurance reimbursement in order to ease the burden on patients for the cost of basic drugs.二是建立國家基本藥物制度。今年要統一制定和發布國家基本藥物目錄，出臺基本藥物生產、流通、定價、使用和醫保報銷政策，減輕群眾看病就醫基本用藥費用負擔。

Third, we will improve the community-level medical and health service system.This year, we will complete the building of 29,000health clinics in towns and townships supported by the plan.In the coming three years, the central government will allocate funds to support the building of another 5,000 central health clinics in towns and townships, 2,000 county-level hospitals and 2,400 community health service centers in urban areas.We will support the construction of health care clinics in villages in remote 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)regions and ensure that all incorporated villages have their own health care clinics.三是健全基層醫療衛生服務體系。今年要全面完成規劃支持的２．９萬所鄉鎮衛生院建設任務。今后三年內中央財政再支持５０００所中心鄉鎮衛生院、２０００所縣級醫院和２４００所城市社區衛生服務中心建設。支持邊遠地區村衛生室建設，實現全國每個行政村都有衛生室。

Fourth, we will steadily promote equal access for all to basic public health services.We will expand the scope of free public health services and ensure that the per capita public health service expenditure for both urban and rural residents is not less than 15 yuan, a level that will rise gradually in the future.We will appropriate more funds to prevent and control major communicable diseases, chronic and occupational diseases, and endemics.四是促進基本公共衛生服務逐步均等化。擴大免費公共衛生服務范圍，城鄉居民人均公共衛生服務經費不低于１５元，以后逐步提高。增加重大傳染病、慢性病和職業病、地方病防治的專項投入。

Fifth, we will carry forward pilot reforms in public hospitals with the emphasis on reforms in their management system and their operation and oversight mechanisms.We will encourage every locality to seek effective ways to separate government administration from medical practice, management from operations, medical care from drugs, and for-profit from nonprofit operations.We will gradually eliminate the practice of hospitals subsidizing their medical services with drug sales and reform the mechanism of subsidizing public hospitals.We will encourage all localities to seek ways to establish a medical service pricing mechanism based on consultations among stakeholders and establish a system whereby relevant institutions, representatives of the general public, and experts oversee and evaluate the quality of medical services.We will give full play to traditional Chinese medicine and folk medicines of ethnic minorities in disease prevention and control.Governments at all levels will allocate an additional 850 billion yuan in the next three years, including 331.8 billion yuan from the central government, to ensure smooth progress in the reform of the system of pharmaceuticals and health care.Because this reform concerns the people's health-related rights and interests, we need to improve leadership, make plans and arrangements carefully, progress vigorously yet prudently, and effectively solve the problem of medical services being unaffordable and inadequate, in order to provide safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and health care services for the people.五是推進公立醫院改革試點。重點改革管理體制、運行機制和監管機制。鼓勵各地探索政事分開、管辦分開、醫藥分開、營利性和非營利性分開的有效形式。逐步取消以藥補醫機制，推進公立醫院補償機制改革。鼓勵各地探索建立醫療服務由利益相關方參與協商的定價機制，建立由有關機構、群眾代表和專家參與的質量監管和評價制度。要充分發揮中醫藥和民族醫藥在防病治病中的重要作用。今后三年各級政府擬投入８５００億元，其中中央財政投入３３１８億元，以保證醫藥衛生體制改革的順利推進。醫藥衛生體制改革事關人民群星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)眾的健康權益，我們要加強領導、精心設計、認真組織，積極穩妥地推進，切實解決看病貴、看病難問題，為人民群眾提供安全、有效、方便、價廉的醫療衛生服務。

We will do our work related to population and family planning well and maintain a low birthrate.From this year on, we will introduce a policy in all rural areas to subsidize hospitalized childbirth, provide regular prenatal checkups and postpartum visits for women, and monitor the growth of infants and toddlers less than three years of age.We will intensify our efforts to prevent birth defects.We will increase the reward to rural women at or above the age of 60 who have complied with family planning regulations from 600 yuan to 720 yuan per person.We will improve services for and intensify management of the floating population and better protect the rights and interests of women and minors.We will provide routine gynecological examinations for rural women.We will support and accelerate programs benefiting people with disabilities.We will continue to intensify our work concerning the elderly.做好人口和計劃生育工作，穩定低生育水平。從今年開始，在全國農村實行住院分娩補助政策，定期為孕產婦做產前檢查和產后訪視，為３歲以下嬰幼兒做生長發育檢查。加強出生缺陷預防工作。將農村部分計劃生育家庭獎勵扶助標準由人均６００元提高到７２０元。加強流動人口服務和管理。保護婦女和未成年人權益。在農村婦女中開展婦科疾病定期檢查。支持殘疾人事業加快發展。繼續加強老齡工作。

We will vigorously develop culture and sports.Developing cultural programs and promoting cultural enrichment will help not only enrich people's cultural lives but also expand avenues of consumption.We need to vigorously develop non-profit cultural programs and accelerate improvement of the system of public cultural services.We will intensify construction of key cultural facilities as well as community-based cultural facilities in both urban and rural areas, particularly the project to extend radio and TV coverage to all villages, and the construction of multipurpose cultural centers in towns and townships and small libraries in rural areas, and we will vigorously promote cultural projects that benefit the people.We will help accelerate the development of cultural industries, improve policy support for them and foster leading cultural enterprises.We will help philosophy and the social sciences flourish, and actively develop literature, the arts, radio, TV, film, the press and publishing.We will strengthen development and management of Internet culture and effectively protect our cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage.We will reform management and operation of nonprofit cultural institutions and transform for-profit cultural agencies into enterprises.We will build more and better community-based public sports facilities, vigorously promote mass sports activities, raise the level of competitive sports and develop the sports industry.大力發展文化體育事業。促進文化發展和繁榮，既有利于豐富人們的精神文化生活，也可以拓展消費領域。積極發展公益性文化事業，加快完善公共文化服務體系，加強重點文化設施、城鄉基層文化設施特別是廣播電視“村村通”和鄉鎮綜合文化站、農家書屋建設，努力推進文化惠民工程。支持文化產業加快發展，完善扶持政策，培育骨干文化企業。繁榮哲學社會科學，積極發展文學藝術、廣播影視、新聞出版事業。加強網絡文化建設和管理。做星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)好文物和非物質文化遺產保護。推進公益性文化事業單位管理體制、運行機制改革和經營性文化單位轉企改制。加強基層公共體育設施建設，大力開展群眾性體育活動，提高競技體育水平，發展體育產業。

We will strengthen the development of democracy and the legal system.We will carry out political restructuring in an active yet prudent manner and develop socialist democratic politics.We need to improve democratic institutions, enrich the forms of democracy, expand its channels, and carry out democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law.We will improve the mechanisms of self-governance by the people at the community level and expand the scope of community-level self-governance, improve the system for community-level democratic administration and ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights and administer community-level public affairs and public programs in accordance with the law.We will increase publicity of and education in the law, intensify education about citizenship, and promote the values of socialist democracy, the rule of law, freedom, equality, equity and justice.We will coordinate development of urban and rural communities and promote the healthy growth of civic organizations.We will strengthen government work concerning the law, increase transparency in government legislation, expand public participation therein, and ensure that the law is enforced in a standardized, fair and civilized manner.加強民主法制建設。積極穩妥地推進政治體制改革，發展社會主義民主政治。要健全民主制度，豐富民主形式，拓寬民主渠道，依法實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監督。要健全基層群眾自治機制，擴大基層群眾自治范圍，完善基層民主管理制度，保障人民群眾依法直接行使民主權利、管理基層公共事務和公共事業。深入開展法制宣傳教育，加強公民意識教育，樹立社會主義民主法治、自由平等、公平正義理念。統籌推進城鄉社區建設，促進社會組織健康發展。加強政府法制工作，提高政府立法透明度和公眾參與度，做到規范、公正、文明執法。

We will strengthen public administration and maintain harmony and stability in society.We need to pay special attention to safeguarding people's legitimate rights and interests, correctly handle problems among the people, properly deal with their complaints in a timely manner, and resolutely correct all actions that harm their interests.We will improve the mechanism for mediating, handling and resolving social tensions and guide the people in expressing their concerns relating to their interests by reasonable and lawful means.We will adhere to the system whereby leading cadres, especially principal ones, handle people's letters and receive people's visits in order to serve the people and resolve conflicts.We will improve the early-warning system for social stability to actively prevent and properly handle all types of mass incidents.We will launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security and maintain law and order through a full range of measures.We will be on high alert for and severely crack down on criminal offenses in accordance with the law in order to safeguard national security and social stability.加強社會管理，維護社會和諧安定。要特別重視維護群眾合法權益，正確處理人民內星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)部矛盾，及時合理解決群眾反映的問題，堅決糾正各種損害群眾利益的行為。健全社會矛盾糾紛調處化解機制，引導群眾以理性合法的方式表達利益訴求。堅持領導干部特別是主要領導干部處理群眾來信和接待群眾來訪制度，服務群眾，化解矛盾。健全社會穩定預警機制，積極預防和妥善處置各類群體性事件。深入開展平安創建活動，加強社會治安綜合治理。嚴密防范、依法嚴厲打擊各類違法犯罪活動，維護國家安全和社會穩定。

7.Intensifying government self-improvement and making the government better able to manage overall economic and social development

（七）推進政府自身建設，提高駕馭經濟社會發展全局的能力

Achievements were made in reforming the government and intensifying its self-improvement over the past year, but they still fall considerably short of what the people expect.The functions of government have not yet been completely transformed.Administrative efficiency needs to rise.Formalism and bureaucratism are still pronounced.Corruption remains a serious problem in some localities, departments and areas.Tremendous effort is needed to solve all these problems.We need to focus on the overall objectives of sustaining economic growth, ensuring people's well-being and maintaining stability, and intensify the work of government self-improvement.過去一年，政府自身改革和建設取得了新的成績，但與人民的期待仍有不小差距。政府職能轉變還不到位，行政效率有待提高，形式主義、官僚主義比較突出，腐敗現象在一些地方、部門和領域比較嚴重。這些問題必須下大氣力解決。要緊緊圍繞保增長、保民生、保穩定這個大局，加強政府自身建設。

We will continue to run the government in accordance with the law.We will standardize government administration, ensure that our administration is based on law and reason, executed through proper procedures, highly efficient, convenient for the public, honest and trustworthy, and that authority and responsibility are united.We will thoroughly implement the Administrative Permit Law, continue to carry out reform of the administrative examination and approval system, reduce the number of items it covers, especially investment examination and approval and project approval, and ensure that enterprises make their own investment decisions.We will promote fair competition, break regional blockades and industry monopolies, and organize and mobilize all social resources to promote economic growth.By ensuring that all government departments fully and properly execute their functions, we will create a favorable environment for development, and increase enterprises' confidence in investment, individuals' confidence in consumption and people's confidence in the development of the country.堅持依法行政。規范行政行為，做到合法行政、合理行政、程序正當、高效便民、誠實守信、權責統一。深入貫徹行政許可法，繼續推進行政審批制度改革，減少行政許可和審批事項，特別要減少投資審批、項目核準，落實企業的投資主體地位。促進公平競爭，消除地區封鎖，打破行業壟斷，組織調動各種社會資源，促進經濟增長。通過全面正確履行政府職能，創造良好發展環境，增強企業投資的信心，增強社會消費的信心，增強人民群眾對國星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)家發展的信心。

We will make decisions scientifically and democratically.In all decisions we make, the procedures need to be lawful and standardized, the process democratic and open, and the results scientific and equitable.In formulating and implementing major government policies and decisions, we need to conduct thorough research and studies, heed people's concerns, solicit their opinions, pool their wisdom, act in accordance with objective laws, and make our policies and decisions more foresighted, scientific and effective.We need to make government affairs more open and transparent.We will ensure the people's right to stay informed about, to participate in, to express views on, and to oversee government affairs, and keep them informed as to what the government is thinking and doing so that we can win their thorough understanding, wide support and active participation.The government is investing a large sum of money and launching numerous new projects this year, and we will ensure they receive proper oversight.We will prohibit image projects that waste both human and financial resources and vanity projects that are divorced from reality, and will never allow any organization or individual to exploit the surge in public spending for private gain.Governments at all levels must conscientiously subject themselves to the oversight by the people's congresses and the democratic oversight by the CPPCC committees at their corresponding levels.We will tighten professional oversight by supervision and auditing departments, and attach great importance to oversight by the public and the news media.We will strive to make sure that oversight takes place wherever administrative power is exercised and that government funds will be audited wherever they are used.實行科學民主決策。各項決策都要做到程序依法規范、過程民主公開、結果科學公正。政府重大決策的形成和執行都要加強調查研究，做到察民情、聽民意、聚民智，尊重客觀規律，提高決策的預見性、科學性和有效性。要推進政務公開，增加透明度，保障人民群眾的知情權、參與權、表達權、監督權，讓人民群眾知道政府在想什么、做什么，贏得人民群眾的充分理解、廣泛支持和積極參與。今年政府投資力度大、新上項目多，要確保監管到位，絕不能搞勞民傷財的“形象工程”和脫離實際的“政績工程”，絕不允許利用擴大公共投資為單位和個人謀取私利。各級政府都要自覺接受人大監督和政協民主監督，強化監察、審計等專門監督，高度重視人民群眾監督和新聞輿論監督，做到行政權力運行到哪里，監督就落實到哪里，財政資金運用到哪里，審計就跟進到哪里。

We will earnestly improve our conduct.Governments at all levels need to resolutely implement the policy decisions and arrangements of the central leadership, stay firmly grounded in reality, and work creatively to ensure all policies are carried out fully and effectively.Leading cadres need to conduct thorough research and studies to promptly discover and resolve problems, maintain close contact with the people, show concern for their sufferings, listen to their opinions, and help them solve their problems.Government employees need to always maintain high morale, embody a vigorous spirit and work with the people to meet challenges head on, break new ground through hard work and tide over bad times together.星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)切實轉變工作作風。各級政府要堅定地貫徹中央的決策部署，緊密結合實際，創造性地開展工作，使中央的各項政策落到實處，收到實效。領導干部要深入調查研究，及時發現問題，解決問題；密切聯系群眾，關心群眾疾苦，傾聽群眾呼聲，為群眾排憂解難。政府工作人員要始終保持昂揚向上、奮發有為的精神狀態，和廣大人民群眾一道知難而進，開拓進取，艱苦奮斗，共克時艱。

We will strengthen our efforts to promote clean government and combat corruption.We will focus on standardizing institutions and limiting the exercise of power, and prevent and punish corruption at its source in areas and links prone to corruption.We will resolutely investigate and prosecute corruption cases and punish corruptionists in accordance with the law.We must discharge our duties with great diligence and, through our actions and achievements, build a government that is for the people and is pragmatic, clean and efficient to satisfy people's needs and win their trust.加強廉政建設和反腐敗工作。以規范制度和制約權力為核心，針對腐敗現象易發多發的領域和環節，從源頭上防治腐敗。堅決查處腐敗案件，依法懲處腐敗分子。我們一定要勤勉盡責，以實際行動和工作業績，建設為民、務實、廉潔、高效的政府，讓人民放心，讓人民滿意。

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

Promoting unity among all ethnic groups and achieving common development and prosperity serves the fundamental interests of the people of all our ethnic groups.We will fully implement the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and ensure that the policies and measures of the central government supporting economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas are effectively implemented.We will continue to increase support to ethnic groups with small populations.We will expand coverage of the “bring prosperity to border areas and residents” campaign to all border counties and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps' regimental pastures and farms in border areas.We will support more rapid development of pastoral areas and ethnic minority mountain regions.We will unswervingly uphold national unity and further develop socialist ethnic relations based on equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony.促進各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發展，是各族人民的根本利益所在。要全面貫徹民族區域自治法，確保中央支持少數民族和民族地區經濟社會發展的政策措施落到實處。繼續加大對人口較少民族的扶持力度。推進興邊富民行動覆蓋所有邊境縣和新疆生產建設兵團邊境團場。支持牧區和少數民族聚居山區加快發展。堅定不移地維護民族團結，進一步構建平等、團結、互助、和諧的社會主義民族關系。

We will fully implement the Party's basic principles on work related to religions and enable religious figures and people with religious belief to play a positive role in promoting economic and social development.星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)

全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，發揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進經濟社會發展中的積極作用。

We will diligently implement the Party's policy on matters related to overseas Chinese nationals and support overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese and their relatives in showing concern for and participating in the modernization and peaceful reunification of the motherland.認真貫徹黨的僑務政策，支持海外僑胞、歸僑僑眷關心和參與祖國現代化建設與和平統一大業。

Last year significant progress was made in the modernization of national defense and the army.The People's Liberation Army played an important role in safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, supporting its modernization drive, and completing urgent, difficult, dangerous and daunting tasks.In the coming year, we need to make our army more revolutionary, modern and standardized, focusing on enabling it to fully carry out its historic missions in the new stage and in the new century.We will strengthen ideological and political work in the army.We will effectively transform our military training based on mechanized warfare to military training for warfare under conditions of greater IT application, and continue to enhance the army's ability to respond to multiple security threats and accomplish a diverse array of military tasks.We will modernize weapons, equipment and logistics support across the board.We will improve defense-related research, the weapons and equipment production system, the military personnel training system, and the army's logistics support system that integrate civilian with military purposes and combine military efforts with civilian support.We will actively and steadily carry out reform of the army to inject more vigor and vitality into army building.We will intensify the improvement of the People's Armed Police Force to make it better able to carry out its duties, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability.We will strengthen defense mobilization and reserve forces.We will strengthen and develop unity between the army and the government and between the army and the people.過去的一年，國防和軍隊現代化建設取得重要進展。人民解放軍為維護國家主權、安全和領土完整，支持國家現代化建設，完成急難險重任務，發揮了重要作用。在新的一年，要著眼全面履行新世紀新階段軍隊歷史使命，推進軍隊革命化、現代化、正規化建設。大力加強軍隊思想政治工作。扎實推進機械化條件下軍事訓練向信息化條件下軍事訓練轉變，不斷提高應對多種安全威脅、完成多樣化軍事任務的能力。全面提高武器裝備和后勤保障的現代化水平。完善軍民結合、寓軍于民的國防科研和武器裝備生產體系、軍隊人才培養體系和軍隊保障體系。積極穩妥地推進軍隊改革，增強軍隊建設的生機與活力。加強人民武裝警察部隊建設，增強執勤、處置突發事件、反恐、維穩能力。加強國防動員和后備力量建設。鞏固發展軍政軍民團結。

Fellow Deputies，星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)各位代表！

We will unswervingly adhere to the principle of “one country, two systems” under which Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and Macao people administer Macao with a high degree of autonomy, and fully support the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions in actively responding to the global financial crisis and maintaining their prosperity and stability.We will increase cooperation between the mainland and the two regions, consolidate Hong Kong's position as an international financial center and promote an appropriate level of diversity in Macao's economy.We will accelerate the pilot program for the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao to use RMB as the settlement currency for trade in goods.We will constantly deepen and expand cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.We will accelerate construction of infrastructure such as the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the Hong Kong-Shenzhen Airport Rail Link and the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link.We will give Hong Kong and Macao greater access to the mainland's service sector.We will adopt effective measures to support development of Hong Kong-and Macao-funded enterprises on the mainland, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises, and help ease their difficulties.The great motherland will always provide strong backing to Hong Kong and Macao.We firmly believe that our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao will surmount their current difficulties and create an even brighter future.我們將堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，全力支持香港、澳門兩個特別行政區積極應對國際金融危機，保持繁榮穩定。進一步加強內地與港澳的合作，鞏固香港國際金融中心地位，促進澳門經濟適度多元發展。加快推進與港澳地區貨物貿易的人民幣結算試點。不斷拓展粵港澳三地合作的深度和廣度。加快推動港珠澳大橋、港深機場鐵路、廣深港高速鐵路等基礎設施建設。擴大內地服務業對港澳的開放。采取有效措施支持港澳在內地企業特別是中小企業發展，緩解經營困難。偉大祖國永遠是香港、澳門的堅強后盾。我們堅信，香港、澳門同胞一定能夠克服面臨的困難，開創更加美好的明天！

Last year important progress was made in our Taiwan-related work.Positive changes occurred in the situation in Taiwan, and major breakthroughs were made in cross-Straits relations.Consultations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits were resumed on the basis of the 1992 Consensus, and complete, direct and two-way mail, transport and trade links were established.The two sides enjoyed more frequent people-to-people exchanges, closer economic ties, more active cultural exchanges and broader common interests.Cross-Straits relations have embarked on the track of peaceful development.In the coming year, we will continue to adhere to the principle of developing cross-Straits relations and promoting peaceful reunification of the motherland.We will remain committed to the goal of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, and work actively to build a framework for and strive to achieve new progress in the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations.We will continue to comprehensively strengthen cross-Straits economic cooperation to jointly respond to the global financial crisis.We will actively promote financial cooperation across the Straits, support the development of 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)Taiwan-funded enterprises on the mainland, provide financing services for qualified ones, and encourage their independent innovation, transformation and upgrading.We will strengthen two-way investment and industrial cooperation and expand and deepen agricultural cooperation between the two sides.We will support economic development on the west coast of the Straits in Fujian Province and in other areas where Taiwan investment is concentrated.We will accelerate normalization of cross-Straits economic relations and facilitate the signing of a comprehensive agreement on economic cooperation, and gradually establish economic cooperation mechanisms tailored to both sides of the Straits.We will increase contacts between individuals, expand exchanges among all sectors of society, vigorously promote Chinese culture and consolidate the common cultural bonds between the two sides.We will work on the basis of the one-China principle to enhance mutual political trust between the two sides.Based on this, we are ready to make fair and reasonable arrangements through consultation on the issue of Taiwan's participation in the activities of international organizations.We are also ready to hold talks on cross-Straits political and military issues and create conditions for ending the state of hostility and concluding a peace agreement between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.We are convinced that, with the concerted efforts of the people on both sides of the Straits, we will achieve complete reunification of the motherland and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.過去的一年，對臺工作取得重要進展，臺灣局勢發生積極變化，兩岸關系取得重大突破。兩岸協商在“九二共識”基礎上得到恢復，全面直接雙向“三通”已經實現。兩岸同胞往來更頻繁、經濟聯系更密切、文化交流更活躍、共同利益更廣泛，兩岸關系開始步入和平發展軌道。新的一年里，我們要繼續堅持發展兩岸關系、促進祖國和平統一的大政方針，牢牢把握兩岸關系和平發展的主題，積極構建兩岸關系和平發展框架，努力開創兩岸關系和平發展新局面。我們要繼續全面加強兩岸經濟合作，共同應對金融危機。積極推進兩岸金融合作，支持在大陸的臺資企業發展，對符合條件的提供融資服務，鼓勵企業自主創新和轉型升級。加強兩岸雙向投資和產業合作，拓展和深化農業合作。支持海峽西岸和其他臺商投資相對集中地區的經濟發展。加快推進兩岸經濟關系正常化，推動簽定綜合性經濟合作協議，逐步建立具有兩岸特色的經濟合作機制。要加強兩岸人員往來，擴大社會各界交流，大力弘揚中華文化，鞏固兩岸精神紐帶。要在一個中國原則的基礎上，努力增強兩岸雙方政治互信。在此基礎上，我們愿意通過協商對臺灣參與國際組織活動問題作出合情合理安排，探討兩岸政治、軍事問題，為結束敵對狀態、達成和平協議創造條件。我們堅信，有兩岸中華兒女團結奮斗，就一定能夠實現祖國的完全統一，實現中華民族的偉大復興！

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

Significant achievements were made in our diplomatic work last year.We joined hands with the international community in tackling the global financial crisis.We successfully hosted the Asia-Europe Meeting and enhanced mutual political trust and pragmatic cooperation between Asian and European countries.We actively advanced bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, and played a constructive role in global and regional hotspot issues.We stood firm in safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and development interests and in protecting the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese 星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)星沙英語(www.tmdps.cn)nationals and corporations overseas.Further significant progress was made in carrying out all-round diplomacy, and China's international standing and influence rose to a new height.In the coming year, we will continue to hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, adhere to the path of peaceful development and an independent foreign policy of peace, and pursue an open strategy of mutual benefit.We will increase friendly contacts with other countries in the world to create a favorable external environment for the steady and rapid development of China's economy.We will continue to deepen pragmatic cooperation with other parties, work with them to curb the spread of the global financial crisis, promote reform of the international financial system, and oppose trade and investment protectionism, in order to help bring about an early recovery of the world economy.We will continue to take the fundamental interests of the people of China and the world as our starting point and make new contributions to the proper resolution of hotspot issues and global problems.The Chinese government and people stand ready to work with the governments and peoples of other countries to jointly respond to risks and challenges, share development opportunities, and build a harmonious world of durable peace and common prosperity.過去的一年，外交工作取得顯著成就。我們與國際社會攜手應對金融危機。成功舉辦亞歐首腦會議，增進亞歐國家間的政治互信與務實合作。積極推進雙邊、多邊外交，在全球和地區熱點問題上發揮建設性作用。堅定維護國家的主權、安全和發展利益，保障我國公民和法人在海外的合法權益。全方位外交取得新的重大進展，國際地位和影響空前提高。新的一年，我們將繼續高舉和平、發展、合作的旗幟，堅持走和平發展道路，堅持奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策，堅持推進互利共贏的開放戰略。加強與世界各國的友好交往，為國內經濟平穩較快發展創造有利的外部環境。我們將繼續深化與各方的務實合作，共同遏制國際金融危機蔓延，推動國際金融體系改革，反對貿易和投資保護主義，促進世界經濟盡快復蘇。我們將繼續從中國人民和世界各國人民的根本利益出發，為妥善解決熱點問題和全球性問題作出新的貢獻。中國政府和人民愿同各國政府和人民一道，共同應對風險挑戰，共同分享發展機遇，努力建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

The tasks we face are arduous and formidable, and the responsibilities we bear are great and glorious.Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, let us strengthen our conviction for victory, boldly meet challenges, work in a down-to-earth manner and press ahead resolutely to make new achievements worthy of the times, history and the people, carry forward the great cause of reform, opening up and modernization and celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.我們面臨的任務艱巨而繁重，我們肩負的責任重大而光榮。讓我們在以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央領導下，堅定必勝信心，勇敢面對挑戰，扎實工作，銳意進取，創造無愧于時代、無愧于歷史、無愧于人民的新業績，奮力把改革開放和現代化建設偉大事業推向前進，迎接中華人民共和國成立６０周年！

星沙英語 www.tmdps.cn