第一篇：定語從句中的特殊用法

定語從句中的特殊用法

定語從句是起定語作用的,修飾,說明名詞,代詞或句子內容的從句,被定語從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。引導定語從句，并在句中擔任成分的詞叫做關系代詞或關系副詞。定語從句是高考常考內容之一，使用時要尤其注意以下十種特殊用法。

一、只用that不用which的情況

1、當先行詞是all, little, few, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代詞時。如： Everything that happened then was like a nightmare.當時發生的一切就像是一場噩夢。

I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.我要把你在舞會上跟我說的話全都告訴他。、當先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very（恰好的,表示強調）等詞修飾時。例如： 2The only thing that we could do was to wait.我們能做的只是等待。

That’s the very thing that we can do.那正是我們能做的事。

3、當先行詞是序數詞、形容詞最高級或先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。例如：

The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.我們參觀的第一個地方是長城。

This is the best novel that I have ever read.這是我看過的最好的小說。

4、被修飾詞為數詞時。例如：

Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.Now you can see the two that are still alive.昨天我捉到了兩條魚，把它們放在一盆水里。你可以看到那兩條魚還活著呢。

5、主句是There be結構，修飾其主語的定語從句宜用that作關系代詞修飾物。例句：

There’s still a room that is free.還有一個空房間。

6、先行詞中同時包括人和物時。例如：

We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered.我們談論了我們記得的人和村子。

He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.他問起他去過的這幾家工廠和工人的情況。

7、當主句中有who, which時，而定語從句中也要用到who或which時，為了避免who…who, which…which等重疊，定語從句要用that引導。例如：

Who is the man that is standing by the door? 站在門邊的那個男人是誰？

Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk? 你養的那兩頭奶牛中哪一個產奶多？

人或物在定語從句中表語時，用that引導定語從句，而that通常也可以省略。例如：

He is no longer the man that he was.他不再是過去的他。

8、二、修飾物時只用which不用that的情況

1、引導非限制性定語從句時。例如：

Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的，這使得他很輕。

2、當關系詞前有介詞時。例如：

This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.這就是毛主席曾經住過的地方。

3、在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞用了that, 另一個宜用which。例如：

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我來給你看我從新開的圖書館里借來的那本小說。

4、當關系代詞后面有插入語時。例如：

Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.這就是我跟你說過的會有助于你學好英語的那本英語語法書。

5、先行詞為that時。例如：

The clock is that which can tell us the time.鐘是報時的裝置。

三、修飾人時只用who不用that的情況

1、先行詞為one, ones, anyone, those指代人時。如：

The person I want to learn from is one who studies

hard and works well.我最羨慕的是學習勤奮，工作出色的人。

2、在There be結構中，修飾主語的定語從句宜用 who關系代詞指代人。例如： There’s a gentleman who wants to see you.有位先生想見你。

3、當先行詞有較長的后置定語時。例如：

I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.昨天下午我在公園里遇到一位中文講得非常好的外國人。

4、一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞是that, 另一個宜用who以避免重復。The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.受到校長表揚的學生是位謙虛好學的班長。

注意：當關系代詞前面有介詞時，只能用whom。例如：

The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago.這封信的收信人三年前就去世了。

way在定語從句作先行詞的用法

當先行詞為way時，定語從句的引導詞可用in which, that或省略引導詞。例如：

I don’t like the way（that /in which）he looks at me.我不喜歡他那種樣子看著我。四、五、在定語從句中作狀語的關系副詞when, where, why的用法

1、先行詞表示時間時，定語從句中的謂語動詞如果是不及物動詞，用關系副詞when或介詞+ which;如果是及物動詞，用which或that都行。例如：

I still remember the days when（=on which）we lived together.我仍然記得我們在一起的時光。

2、先行詞表示地點時，如果定語從句中謂語動詞是不及物動詞，用關系副詞where或介詞+which;如果是及物動詞時，用which或that都可以。例如：

This is the small village where(=in which)Chairman Mao ever lived.這就是毛主席曾經居住過的小村莊。

表示原因時，why前的先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason。例如：

Can you tell me the reason why(=for which)you di3、dn’t finish your homework? 你能告訴我你沒有完成作業的原因嗎？

六、whose引導的定語從句

Whose引導定語從句時，其先行詞可以指人，也可以指物，當先行詞指物時，可以用the+名詞+of which的結構。例如：

He studies in a school whose buildings(=the buildings of which)are built on top of a hill.他就讀的學校其房子都建在山頂上。

七、as作關系代詞引導的定語從句

1、引導限制性定語從句。在主句中常有the same, so或such與as相呼應, as在定語從句中可作主語、賓語、主語補足語等。as引出的定語從句帶有比較意義，從句常常只寫出比較部分，但as本身不可省略。例如：

He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.他使用在課文中可以找到的那些詞語。

They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented.他們在他們曾租用過的同一房間過夜。

注意：在the same…后也可用that引導定語從句，但含義有所不同。that引出的從句，指的是與先行詞同一的事物，而as引導的從句指的是與先行詞同類的事物。例如：

This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.這個包和我昨天丟失的包的樣子是同樣的。

This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.這就是我昨天丟失的那個包。

2、引導非限制性定語從句。帶主句的全部或部分內容。常譯為“正如-------”“就像------”等，定語從句可以置于主句句首、句中或句末。as后常接expect, know, report, say, see等動詞的主、被動語態。例如：

As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.正如大家所知道的那樣，月球每月繞著地球轉一圈。

He wasn’t unconscious, as could be judged from his eyes.他并未失去知覺，這從他的眼神可以看出來。

注意：as, which引導非限制性定語從句的區別：

1）、都可以代整個主句，相當于and this或and that.2）、as可放在句首，而which不能。

3）、as代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；如果為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which.例如：

It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.昨天下大雨，這使得我不能去公園。

八、of短語作為定語從句的先行詞的情況

one of the +復數名詞這一結構后面的定語從句中的謂語動詞，通常用復數形式，與定語從句所靠近的那個復數名詞在數上保持一致。但如果one of the+復數名詞這一結構前面帶有the/only/the only之類的限定語，從句的謂語動詞則要用單數形式，此時從句在意義上修飾的 是the one.例如：

Tom is one of the boys who were late that morning.湯姆是那天早晨遲到的男生之一。

Tom is the(only/the only)one of the boys who was late that morning.湯姆是那天早上唯一遲到的男生。

九、that有時可用作關系副詞來代替when, 引導一個定語從句，修飾表示時間的名詞，如day, time, moment等。例如：

I arrived here the day that(=when)he left.我是在他離開的那天到達這兒的。

He worked hard the whole time that(=when)he lived here.他在這里的整個時間工作都很努力。

十、than和but也可用作關系代詞引導定語從句

1、than用作關系代詞，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如：

You spent more money than was intended to be spent.你花的錢超過了預定的數額。（than是關系代詞，在句中作主語,其先行詞是money）

2、but作為關系代詞引導定語從句時，一般同具有否定意義的主句連用，其先行詞可以是人，也可以是物，但只用于限制性定語從句中。例如:

There was not a single student in my class but learnt a lot from him.（but=who did not）我班上每一個學生都從他那里學到了很多東西。

因此，在這種句子中，but在意義上等于“that...not”，“who...not”，“which...not”。

修飾物體時關系代詞that和 which的區分 使用that的情況：

1.當先行詞是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代詞時。e.g.Do you have anything that is important to tell me? 2.當先行詞被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修飾時。

e.g.I have some books that are very good.3.當先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數詞所修飾時。e.g.This is the first book that I bought myself.The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.4.主句是以which或who開頭的特殊疑問句時 e.g.Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.5.當先行詞在從句和主句中都作表語時,無論先行詞是人還是物.China is no longer the country that she was.6.如有兩個定語從句,其中一個已用which引導,另一個宜用that.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7.在there be句型中,只用that.He asked for the latest book(that)there is on the subject.8.當先行詞被the very, the last, the next, the only 等詞修飾時。e.g.This is the very book that I lost yesterday.9.當先行詞又有人又有物時。

e.g.I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.只能使用which的情況。

1、非限制性定語從句中。

e.g.Mary has a book, which is very precious.2、在介詞之后。

e.g.This is a house in which lives an old man.3、當主句中的主語被that修飾時。

e.g.That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.

第二篇：定語從句中只能使用that的情況（最終版）

定語從句中只能使用that的情況

1.當先行詞為anything，everything，nothing等不定代詞時，只能使用“that”。

例：Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能給你做點什么嗎?

2.當先行詞為all，any，much，many詞時，只能使用“that”。

例：Tom told her mother all that had happened.湯姆把事情的全部情況告訴了他的媽媽。

3.當先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時，只能使用“that”。

例：This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.這是我度過的最美好的時光。

4.當先行詞是序數詞修飾時，只能使用“that”。

例：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個通過考試的人。

5.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last修飾時，只能使用“that”。

例：This will be the last chance that he can get.這將會是他得到的唯一機會。

He is the only person that can help you out.他是唯一能幫你的人。

6.先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能使用“that”。例：They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他們談論他們記得的有關學校的事和人。

7.當主句是以who，which開頭的特殊疑問句或先行詞是who時，只能使用“that”。

例：Which is the book that he bought from the library yesterday? 哪本是你們昨天從圖書館借的書？

第三篇：定語從句中不能用“which”的幾種情況

定語從句中不能用“which”的幾種情況

1.當先行詞為all, little, much, few, everything, none 等不定代詞時關系代詞用that而不用which.I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.There are few books that you can read in this book store.2.當先行詞既有人又有物時,關系代詞用that, 不用which.He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.3.當先行詞有形容詞最高級修飾時,關系代詞用that, 而不用which.This is the best novel that I have ever read.Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities that I have ever visited.4.當先行詞有序數詞修飾時,關系代詞用that, 不用which.The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him.5.當先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the right等修飾時,關系代詞用that,不用which.That is the very thing that we can do.It is the only book that he bought himself.6.當先行詞被all, every, any, much, little, few, no等修飾時,關系代詞用that,不用which.You can take any room that you like.There is no clothes that fit you here.7.當主句是以which開頭的特殊問句時,定語從句關系代詞一般用that而不用which.Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?

8.在強調句型“ It is...that...” 中,只用that,不用which.It is in this room that he was born twenty years ago.9.在“ such(the same)...as...” 句型中,關系代詞要用as, 而不用which.We need such materials as(not which)can bear high temperature.10.表示“ 正如...那樣 ”,“ 正象...” 之意時, 用as, 不用which.Mary was late again, as had been expected.11.As 引導的定語從句可以放在主句前面, 也可以放在主句后面或主句中間,而由 which引導的定語從句只能放在主句后面。

As we all know, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.

第四篇：that在名詞性從句中的用法歸納

what 在名詞性從句中的用法

1．確定含義。what 引導名詞性從句有兩種含義：（1）什么（2）……的人/事/物。例如：

1.I don't know what I should do with the problems.我不知道該如何處理這些問題。（什么）

2.What you will do next is none of my business.你下一步做什么不關我的事。（什么）3.The teacher told us he wanted to take back what he had said.老師告訴我們他想收回他說過的話。（……的話）

4.She is no longer what she used to be.她不是過去的她了。（……的人）2． 確定成分。what 作“什么”講，在名詞性從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語；作“……的人/事/物”講，在名詞性從句中作主語、賓語或表語。例如： 5.They don't know what happened.他們不知道發生了什么。（what 在從句中作主語，含義是“什么”）

6.What he says is not important.他所說的并不重要。（what 在從句中作主語，含義是“……的話”）

7.Do what you please.你愛干什么就干什么。（what 在從句中作賓語，含義是“……的事“）

8.Please tell me what you are doing here on earth!請告訴我你究竟在這里干什么！（what 在從句中作賓語，含義是“什么”）

9.He is not what he was ten years ago.他不再是十年前的他了。(what 在從句中作表語，含義是“……人”)

10.It is the ability to do the job, not what she is , that matters.重要的是（她）做這項工作的能力，而不是她是什么（人）。（what 在從句中作表語，含義是“什么”）

11.Are you sure what books he likes reading? 你知道他喜歡讀什么書嗎？（what 在從句中作定語，含義是“什么”）

注：what 作“……的人/事/物”講時一般不作定語。

3．引導從句的性質。what 可以引導主語從句(例句 2 和例句 6)、賓語從句（例句 1 和例句 3）、表語從句（例句 4 和例句 9）、同位語從句。再如：

The question what makes the matter worse has been puzzling me.是什么使情況更糟了？這個問題一直在困惑著我。（what 引導的是同位語從句）注：除了上述主要用法外，what 還有兩種其它用法。

a.關系形容詞用法：作定語，意為：所……的，任何……的（= as much/many as；the...that；any...that）。例如：

I gave him what books(=any books that/the books that)I had.我把我所有的書全給他了。

I will give you what help(=any help that/as much help as)I can.我愿盡力幫助你。Lend me what money(= as much money as)you can.你能借多少錢就借給我多少。b.感嘆詞用法：作定語，意為：多么（多用于簡單句中的感嘆句中）What a fool you are!你多傻！What a good idea!多妙的主意啊！What happy boys!多幸福的孩子啊！What a pity!真遺憾！

What 和that 在名詞性從句中的用法區別

名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句四種。名詞性從句是高二學生必學的重要英語語法之一。在學名詞性從句時，學生經常為What 和that 在句中的用法而困惑。下面是我在教學實踐中對這一知識的總結，僅供同學們參考：

What 和that 都可以引導名詞性從句。但他們在句子中的語法功能截然不同。一．在引導名詞性從句時，從屬連詞that一般要注意三個不（three nos）： 1．不省略（no ellipsis）

當從屬連詞that引導主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時，that不省略。

Eg.1)That he was able to come made us happy.(That 引導主語從句不可省略)2)The truth is that I didn’t go there.(that引導表語從句不可省略)

3)The news that our team has won is true.(that引導同位語從句不可省略)但在非正式文體中that 引導賓語從句時可以省略，除下列兩種情況外： that在賓語從句中不能省略的情況.(1).在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補+that，從句(真正賓語)的句型中不省略.Eg: 4)He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.（that不可以省略）

他很明確地說他寧愿學習英語。

(2).由連詞and連接的兩個由that引導 的賓語從句中, 則第二個賓語從句前的that不省略。

Eg: 5)He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.（第一個That可以省略，但第二個that不可以省略。)他告訴我他將來而且他將準時來。

2．不作成分（no component）

that 在名詞性從句中不作任何句子成分。

Eg.6)Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.（that在句中引導同位語從句，但在句中不作任何成分）

7))That you don’t like him is none of my business.(that在句中引導主語從句，但在句中不作任何成分，也不省略）

3． 沒詞義（no meaning）

that 在名詞性從句中沒有漢語意思。

Eg.8)That she is a rich woman is known to us.(that在句中引導主語從句，但在句中沒有漢語意義)

她是一個很有錢的女子，這一點我們都知道。

9）The thought that he might fail in the exam worried him.(that在句中引導同位語從句，但在句中沒有漢語意義）

他也許會考試失敗，這一想法使他很擔心。

第五篇：主語從句中的虛擬語氣

一、It’s important…類

這一類型主要包括It is(was)important(necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that...句型。如：

It is impossible that he should go home.他不可能會回家去。

It is necessary that I should return it right now.我有必要馬上把它還回去。

It is important that we should speah politely.我們說話要有禮貌，這是很重要的。It is not necessary that everyone be a scientist.沒有必要使每一個人都成為科學家。It is imperative that we should practise critidsm and self-criticism.應當進行批評與自我批評。

二、It’s a pity…類

It is a pity that she should fare so badly.她竟吃得這么差，真可憐。

It’s a pity that he should be so obstinate.真遺憾他竟這樣倔犟。

It was a pity that you couldn’t come.你不能來，真是太遺憾了。

It is a pity that she failed the driving examination.她沒通過駕駛考試真是遺憾。

It is his desire that a medical man should stay here.他希望有一個醫務人員留在這里。

三、It’s desired…類

這種主語從句還常用在It is(was)desired(suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc.)that...句型。如：

It is requested that a vote be taken.建議付諸表決。

It is settled that you leave us, then? 那么你肯定要離開我們羅?

It was proposed that this matter be considered at the next meeting.有人提議這事下次會議再討論。

It is desired that this rule should be brought to the attention of the staff.希望這條規則引起全體職員的注意。

【特別說明】

(1)在現代英語中，有時也可不用虛擬語氣而用陳述語氣，但初學者宜慎用。

(2)在It is amazing(strange, surprising, astonishing, a pity, a shame)以及 I am surprised(sorry)和I regret等結構后的that 從句中有時也用should，表示說話人的驚異、懊悔、失望等情感，常含有“竟然”之意：

It’s strange that he should be so rude.他竟如此無禮，真是奇怪。

I’m surprised that he should have failed.他竟然失敗了，這使我很吃驚。

若不用虛擬語氣也可以，則不帶感情 色彩，比較：

It’s a pity that he failed the exam.他考試沒及格，真是遺憾。

It’s a pity that he should have failed the exam.他考試竟沒及格，真是遺憾。