第一篇：翻譯練習(xí)15題

如何征服大學(xué)英語四六級段落翻譯？

自2013年12月四六級考試改革以來，翻譯部分由原來的句子填空翻譯變?yōu)槎温浞g，難度略微提升，更全面的考查考生的英語綜合能力。翻譯分值占到15%，時間為30分鐘，主要考查的內(nèi)容為中國文化、歷史、經(jīng)濟與社會發(fā)展，長度約為150字，13-15分評分標準為譯文準確表達原文意思，用詞貼切，行文流暢，無基本語法錯誤。由此我們可以看出，段落翻譯重點考查的考生的閱讀理解能力，詞匯量，語法基礎(chǔ)等。

如何做好段落翻譯呢?我們應(yīng)該遵循“四步走”的原則。

第一步，下筆之前，整體快速瀏覽段落，了解段落大概內(nèi)容，標出不會翻譯的詞組或句子。

第二步，開始從頭翻譯，分清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)語境判斷調(diào)整詞匯的意思與選用，搞清句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，看完后再進行翻譯整合，理順整段的內(nèi)容和內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。

第三步，在基本掌控全局的條件下，下筆翻譯，盡量減少涂抹現(xiàn)象，注意單詞的拼寫與詞匯搭配。

第四步，檢查復(fù)習(xí)，重點查看詞匯拼寫，基本的語法應(yīng)用和句子的邏輯鏈接。

以2013年12月真題為例：【原文】 中國結(jié)(the Chinese knot)最初是由手工藝人發(fā)明的。經(jīng)過數(shù)百年不斷的改造，已經(jīng)成為一種優(yōu)雅多彩的藝術(shù)和工藝。在古代，人們用它來記錄事件，但現(xiàn)在主要用于裝飾的目的?！敖Y(jié)”在中文里意味著愛情，婚姻和團聚。中國結(jié)常常作為禮物交換或用作飾品祈求好運和避邪。這種形式的手工藝(handcraft)代代相傳，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)在中國和世界各地越來越受歡迎。

【步驟解析】第一步，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，這段主要內(nèi)容是屬于中國文化，其中較生僻的中國結(jié)和手工藝已給出譯文，其他的詞匯難易程度，依考生的水平而定。其中“改造、優(yōu)雅多彩、裝飾、祈求好運和辟邪”有一定難度。第二步，確定基本句型和時態(tài)，其中“經(jīng)過數(shù)百年不斷的改造，在中文里意味著，代代相傳”等需要斟酌一下，注意主謂一致，單復(fù)數(shù)等細節(jié)。第三第四步，寫完仔細檢查。

下面附上翻譯范文，供大家學(xué)習(xí)。【參考譯文】

The Chinese knot is originally invented by the handicraftsman.After several hundred years’ innovation, it has evolved into an elegant and colorful art and craft.In ancient times, it was used for recording events, while now it is mainly a decorative handicraft art.In Chinese, “Knot” means love, marriage and reunion.The Chinese knot is often used as a gift to express good wishes or a talisman to ward off evil spirits.The handcraft has passed on for generations and become more and more popular in China and the world

2015年6月大學(xué)英語六級翻譯常見的兩大考點

改革后的翻譯可以說是一直考試的重難點，也是讓考生最頭疼的內(nèi)容，它除了需要我們有一定的詞匯積累，也需要我們不間斷的練習(xí)，為了方便考生復(fù)習(xí)，本文為大家整理了英語六級翻譯常見考點內(nèi)容，希望對大家有所幫助。

(1)倒裝句

Not only ??..but also??

So(Such)?that??..Not until???.Neither?..nor??..Hardly ?..when??..No sooner ??than??.Only by /through /in ?., ????..(2)常用詞組：尤其是動介詞組，如adapt to ?., have trouble doing ??，be likely to do?., attribute ?to..等類似樣式。

2015年6月英語六級翻譯練習(xí)15題

[練習(xí)1] 春節(jié)

中國新年是中國最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，在中國也被稱為春節(jié)。新年的慶?；顒訌某﹂_始一直延續(xù)到元宵節(jié)（the Lantern Festival），即從農(nóng)歷（lunar calendar）最后一個月的最后一天至新年第一個月的第十五天。各地歡度春節(jié)的習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)有很大差異，但通常每個家庭都會在除夕夜團聚，一起吃年夜飯。為驅(qū)厄運、迎好運，家家戶戶都會進行大掃除。人們還會在門上粘貼紅色的對聯(lián)（couplets），對聯(lián)的主題為健康、發(fā)財和好運。其他的活動還有放鞭炮、發(fā)紅包和探親訪友等。

Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese festival.In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival.Chinese New Year celebrations run from New Year's Eve to the Lantern Festival, that is, from the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar to the 15th day of the first month.Although regional customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely, usually, every Chinese family gathers for the annual reunion dinner on New Year’s Eve.All the families will thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away any ill-fortune and to make way for good incoming luck.Doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good fortune.Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes and visiting relatives and friends.[練習(xí)2] 端午節(jié)

端午節(jié)(Duanwu Festival)，又叫做龍舟節(jié)，是起源于中國的一個傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。它是在中國農(nóng)歷第五個月的第五天。2008年，端午節(jié)在中國大陸自20世紀40年代以來首次被認定為公共假日。這個節(jié)日最為出名的是它的龍舟比賽，尤其是在江河湖泊眾多的南方各省。龍舟賽是為了紀念（commemorate）中國古代詩人——屈原——的離世，據(jù)說他投江自盡。其它的慶?；顒舆€有吃粽子（zongzi）和喝雄黃(realgar)酒。

Duanwu Festival, also known as Dragon Boat Festival, is a traditional holiday originating in China.It occurs on the 5th day of the 5th month of the Chinese lunar calendar.In 2008, Duanwu Festival was recognized as a public holiday in mainland China for the first time since the 1940s.The festival is best known for its dragon-boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes, which commemorates the death of Qu Yuan , an ancient Chinese poet who is said to have committed suicide by drowning himself in a river.Other celebrations include eating rice dumplings(zongzi)and drinking realgar wine(雄黃酒).[練習(xí)3] 元宵節(jié)

中國的元宵節(jié)（the Lantern Festival）是人們在中國農(nóng)歷第一個月的第十五天慶祝的節(jié)日，標志著這是農(nóng)歷新年慶祝的最后一天。在元宵節(jié)這天，小孩子在夜晚提著紙燈出門來到寺廟，并猜燈謎（riddles）。產(chǎn)生于800年前的湯圓（Tang Yuan）是元宵節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)食物。中國人認為這種球體的形狀以及盛用（serve）它們的碗都象征著家庭團圓，并且吃湯圓能給家人在新的一年帶來幸福和好運。

The Lantern Festival in China is a festival celebrated on the fifteenth day of the first month in Chinese lunar calendar, marking the last day of the lunar New Year celebration.During the Lantern Festival, children go out at night to temples carrying paper lanterns and solve riddles on the lanterns.Tang Yuan, which was first made 800 years ago, is a traditional food on the Lantern Festival.The Chinese people believe the round shape of the balls, and the bowls in which they are served symbolize family togetherness, and that eating tang Yuan may bring the family happiness and good luck in the new year.[練習(xí)4] 中國茶文化

茶在中國社會，無論休閑或正式的場合，都經(jīng)常被飲用（consume）。過去，下級為上級獻茶?，F(xiàn)在，年輕一代通常通過獻上一杯茶來表達他們對年長一代的尊敬。當(dāng)兒女因為工作或結(jié)婚而離開家后，去餐廳飲茶就成了家庭聚會的一項重要活動。人們在致歉和表達感謝時也為他人沏一杯茶。茶，除了作為一種飲品，也用于傳統(tǒng)中藥和中式菜肴。

In Chinese society, tea is consumed regularly in both casual and formal occasions.In the past, people of lower rank served tea to higher-ranking people.Now, the younger generation always shows their respect to the older generation by offering a cup of tea.When sons and daughters leave home because of work or getting married, going to restaurants and drinking tea becomes an important activity for family gatherings.People also make apologies and express thanks to others by pouring tea for them.Apart from being a drink, tea is also used in traditional Chinese medicine and in Chinese cuisine.[練習(xí)5] 婚禮敬茶

在中國傳統(tǒng)的婚禮儀式上，新郎（groom）和新娘(bride)都要跪在他們父母的面前，為他們獻茶。那是表達他們感謝的最虔誠的方式。按慣例，結(jié)婚夫妻要在他們父母面前說：“謝謝你們把我們撫養(yǎng)長大?！备改竿ǔ：纫恍】诓?，然后給他們發(fā)象征著好運的紅包。另外一種習(xí)俗是新娘為新郎的父母獻茶，象征著她即將成為后者家庭的一部分。

In the traditional Chinese marriage ceremony, both the bride and groom kneel in front of their parents and serve them tea.That is the most devout way to express their gratitude.In front of their parents, it is a practice for the married couple to say, “Thank you for bringing us up.” The parents will usually drink a small portion of the tea and then give them money in a red envelope, which symbolizes good luck.Another custom is that the bride serve tea to the groom's parents, symbolizing that she is to become a part of the latter's family.[練習(xí)6] 中國龍

龍是中國神話(mythology)里的一種生物，其來源不明確。據(jù)說中國的龍是由9種不同的動物組成的，它有9個兒子。龍是中國等級最高的動物，象征著權(quán)力、力量和好運。歷史上，龍是中國帝王的象征, 并出現(xiàn)在了在秦朝(Qin Dynasty)的國旗上。中國人稱自己是“龍的傳人（descendants）”。在日常漢語中，優(yōu)秀杰出的人被比作龍，而無能無為的人被比作蟲。就像一句中國成語（idiom）所說：“望子成龍”。如今，龍的形象大多用于裝飾的目的。

The Chinese dragon is a creature in Chinese mythology.Its origins are vague.The Chinese dragon is said to be composed of nine different animals with nine sons.The dragon is the highest-ranking animal in China, which symbolizes power, strength, and good luck.Historically, the dragon was the symbol of the Emperor of China, and it appeared on national flags in the Qin Dynasty.Chinese people call themselves ”Descendants of the Dragon“.In Chinese daily language, excellent and outstanding people are compared to the dragon while incapable people with no achievements are compared to the worm.As a Chinese idiom goes: “Hoping one's son will become a dragon”.Today, the dragon is mostly used for decorative purposes.[練習(xí)7] 上海

上海座落在長江（the Yangtze River）入?？?，中國東部海岸的中部, 截至2010年，其總?cè)丝诔^了兩千三百萬。作為中國最大和最繁榮的城市，它是這個國家的金融、貿(mào)易、文化和教育中心，而北京是政治中心。上海在過去20年里是世界發(fā)展最迅速地城市之一。在過去一個世紀中，上海被貼上了無數(shù)的名字標簽(name tag), 比如“東方巴黎”和“中國明珠”。上海是一個很受世界游客歡迎的旅游目的地，讓它特別具有吸引力的是這座城市中許多不同風(fēng)格和設(shè)計的建筑。

Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of China’s eastern coast with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010.As the largest and most prosperous city in China, Shanghai is the financial, commercial, cultural and educational center of the nation, while Beijing is the political heart.Shanghai has been one of the fastest developing cities in the world in the last two decades.Throughout the past century, Shanghai has had numerous name tags attached to it, like ”Paris of the Orient“ and ”Pearl of China".Shanghai is a popular tourist destination with international tourists.What makes it particularly attractive are the architectures of many different styles and designs throughout the city [練習(xí)8] 風(fēng)箏

中國是風(fēng)箏的誕生地，濰坊是中國風(fēng)箏發(fā)祥的主要地方之一。放風(fēng)箏在宋代（Song Dynasty）的濰坊變得流行。那時風(fēng)箏不僅在整個山東銷售，還售到江蘇、福建和其他地方。古代中國人用風(fēng)箏來測量距離，測試風(fēng)，發(fā)送信號，并用于軍事行動的通訊。人們所知的最早的中國風(fēng)箏是單調(diào)（flat）的，后來，人們用神話（mythological）人物來裝飾風(fēng)箏;有的風(fēng)箏上安裝著弦（strings）和口哨（whistle），使得在飛行時發(fā)出音樂聲。一位著名的英國學(xué)者把風(fēng)箏列為中國傳入歐洲的重要科技貢獻之一。

China is the birthplace of the kite and Weifang is one of the chief places where Chinese kites originated.Kite-flying became prevalent in Weifang in the Song Dynasty when Kites were sold not only across Shandong, but also to Jiangsu, Fujian, and other places.Ancient Chinese used kites for measuring distances, testing the wind, signaling, and communication for military operations.The earliest known Chinese kites 7

were flat.Later, Kites were decorated with mythological figures;some were fitted with strings and whistles to make musical sounds while flying.A noted English scholar listed kites as one of the important contributions in science and technology that Chinese introduced to Europe.練習(xí)9：中秋節(jié)

中國人自古以來就在中秋時節(jié)慶祝豐收，這與北美地區(qū)慶祝感恩節(jié)的習(xí)俗十分相似，過中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗與唐代早期在中國各地開始流行，中秋節(jié)在農(nóng)歷八月十五，是人們拜月的節(jié)日，這天夜晚皓月當(dāng)空，人們合家團聚，共賞明月。2006年，中秋節(jié)被列為中國的文化遺產(chǎn)，2008年又被定為公共假日，月餅被視為中秋節(jié)不可或缺的美食，人們將月餅作為禮物饋贈親友或在家庭聚會上享用。傳統(tǒng)的月餅上帶有“壽”(longevity)、“?！被颉昂汀钡茸謽?。

【參考譯文】 Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America.The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty.The lunar August 15 is a day for people worshiping the moon.On this day, under the dazzling bright moon, families reunite and enjoy the moon’s beauty.In 2006, Mid-Autumn festival was listed as one of China's cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was classified as a public holiday.Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the festival, were gifts people sent to families and friends during the festival and usually eaten on family gatherings.There are characters of “l(fā)ongevity”,“good fortune”and “harmony” on the Traditional moon cakes.練習(xí)10：中國園林中國園林是經(jīng)過三千多年演變而成的獨具一格的園林景觀。它既包括為皇室成員享樂而建造的大型花園，也包括學(xué)者、商人和卸任的政府官員為擺脫嘈雜的外部世界而建造的私家花園。這些花園構(gòu)成了一種意在表達人與自然之間應(yīng)有的和諧關(guān)系的微縮景觀。典型的中國園林四周有圍墻，園內(nèi)有池塘、假山、樹木、花草以及各種各樣由蜿蜒的小路和走廊連接的建筑。漫步在花園中，人們可以看到一系列精心設(shè)計的景觀猶如山水畫卷一般展現(xiàn)在面前。【參考譯文】After 3,000 years of evolvement, Chinese gardens have become a unique landscape.This includes both large gardens built as entertainment venues for royal family, and private gardens built as secluded retreats for scholars, merchants and retired government officials.These gardens have constituted a miniature that is designed in praise of the harmony between man and nature.A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls and consists of various buildings linked by winding trails and corridors, with ponds, rockeries, trees, and flowers scattered in it.Wandering in such a well-designed garden, people may feel that they are walking in a landscape painting.9

練習(xí)11：餃子(jiaozi)，是一種以面為皮(dough skin)的充餡食物，在中國北方是比較傳統(tǒng)的食物之一。中國北方人過春節(jié)，餃子是必不可少的。餃子相傳是由中國古代著名的中醫(yī)張仲景首先發(fā)明的，深受漢族人民的喜愛。餃子的歷史很悠久，其發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了漸進的過程。由于春節(jié)標志著農(nóng)歷新年的開始，人們選擇吃“餃子”來表達他們對新年的美好祝愿和對美好生活的向往。盡管時代變了，但是這一傳統(tǒng)卻保留了下來。餃子在中國人的飲食文化中占有重要的地位。

? 餃子(jiaozi)，是一種以面為皮(dough skin)的充餡食物，在中國北方是比較傳統(tǒng)的食物之一。中國北方人過春節(jié)，餃子是必不可少的。

?

Jiaozi(also called dumplings)is a kind of food with(meat and/or vegetable)fillings and dough skin.It is quite a traditional food in northern China, where jiaozi is absolutely necessary① during the Spring Festival.? 餃子相傳是由中國古代著名的中醫(yī)張仲景首先發(fā)明的，深受漢族人民的喜愛。

? It is very popular among Chinese Hart people② and it is said that③ jiaozi was first invented by Zhang Zhongjing, a famous practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine in ancient China.? 餃子的歷史很悠久，其發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了漸進的過程。

? Jiaozi has a very long history and its development has undergone a gradual process.? 由于春節(jié)標志著農(nóng)歷新年的開始，人們選擇吃“餃子”來表達他們對新年的美好祝愿和對美好生活的向往。

? As the Spring Festival marks the start of a Lunar New Year, people choose to eat jiaozi to express their best wishes for the new year and yearn for a better life.? 盡管時代變了，但是這一傳統(tǒng)卻保留了下來。餃子在中國人的飲食文化中占有重要的地位。

? Although time has changed, the tradition has remained④.Jiaozi plays an important role⑤ in Chinese food culture.練習(xí)12：京劇(Peking Opera)已有200多年的歷史，是中國的國劇。與其他地方戲相比，京劇享有更高的聲譽，但其實京劇融合了多種地方戲的元素。京劇演員的臉譜(facial make-up)和戲服都很精美，相比之下布景則顯得十分簡單。表演者主要應(yīng)用四種技能：唱(song)、念(speech)、做(dance)、打(combat)。京劇比較擅長于表現(xiàn)政治、軍事斗爭等歷史題材。在古代，京劇大多是在戶外演出的，因此演員們形成了一種極具穿透力的唱腔，以便每個人都能聽到。

京劇(Peking Opera)已有200多年的歷史，是中國的國劇。

?

Peking Opera, as the national opera of China, has a history of more than 200 years.? 與其他地方戲相比，京劇享有更高的聲譽，但其實京劇融合了多種地方戲的元素。

? Compared with other Chinese local operas, Peking Opera enjoys a higher reputation①;but actually it absorbed many elements of other local operas.? 京劇演員的臉譜(facial make-up)和戲服都很精美，相比之下布景則顯得十分簡單。

? The facial make-up and costumes② of the performers are usually very delicate;by contrast③, the backdrops④ are quite plain.? 表演者主要應(yīng)用四種技能：唱(song)、念(speech)、做(dance)、打(combat)。

? During performance, the performers mainly utilize four skills: song, speech, dance and combat.? 京劇比較擅長于表現(xiàn)政治、軍事斗爭等歷史題材。

? Peking Opera is relatively better at exhibiting historical themes like political and military struggles.? 在古代，京劇大多是在戶外演出的，因此演員們形成了一種極具穿透力的唱腔，以便每個人都能聽到。

? In ancient times, Peking Opera was mostly performed in the open air⑤, so the performers developed a piercing style of song⑥ that could be heard by everyone.練習(xí)13:中國書法

書法(calligraphy)是中國文化的精髓。書法在中國隨處可見，與日常生活緊密相連。書法作品能裝點客廳、書房和臥室。它是將漢字寫在吸水性良好的宣紙(Xuan paper)上，然后將作品貼在一塊鑲有絲綢邊的厚紙上，安上卷軸(scroll)或用畫框裝裱起來掛在墻上。書法作品通常是一首詩、一副對聯(lián)或主人很喜歡的座右銘。主人親自書寫的作品將體現(xiàn)他的愿望、興趣以及文學(xué)或藝術(shù)才華。一幅書法作品可以給白色的墻壁增添活力，為賓客友人帶來快樂。

譯文：

Calligraphy is the essence of Chinese culture.It can be found everywhere in China, and is closely linked to daily life.Calligraphic works decorate sitting rooms, studies and bedrooms.The Chinese characters are written on Xuan paper which is good at absorbing ink.The work will be pasted on a piece of thick paper with a silk edge, and then mounted on a scroll or put into a picture frame for hanging on the wall.Usually, a calligraphic work contains a poem, a pair of couplets or a motto the owner likes very much.If the calligraphic work is written by the owner himself, it will demonstrate his wish and interest as well as his literary or artistic talent.A calligraphic work can bring vitality to the white wall,pleasure to guests and friends.翻譯詞匯：

1...的精髓:可譯為the essence of。essence在這里意為“精髓，精華，另外它還有“本質(zhì)”的意思。

2.隨處可見:文中譯為can be found everywhere，還可以用can be seen everywhere表達。

3.吸水性良好的:可理解為“善于吸水的”，即is good at absorbing ink。

4.安上卷軸:可譯為mounted on a scroll。其中mount意為“安裝”。

5.裝裱起來:可理解為“放進畫框”，譯為put into a picture frame。

6.一副對聯(lián):可譯為a pair of couplets。其中couplet意為“對聯(lián);對句”。

7.藝術(shù)才華:可譯為 artistic talent。

8.增添活力:可譯為bring vitality to，即“為...帶來活力”。

練習(xí)14： 贍養(yǎng)父母

在大家庭里，老一輩人的意見受到尊重，小一輩人得到全家的呵護。中國憲法規(guī)定贍養(yǎng)父母是成年子女義不容辭的責(zé)任。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年輕夫婦給老人提供生活費并幫助他們干家務(wù)活兒。在農(nóng)村，盡管大家庭解體了，許多結(jié)了婚的兒子和他的家人還和父母住在同一個院子里。對他們來說，分家不過是分灶而已。結(jié)了婚的兒子往往把房子蓋在父母家附近，這樣父母和子女互相幫助、探望都和過去一樣方便。

譯文：In extended families, the older members’ opinions are respected, and the youngest members are loved and taken good care of by all.China’s Constitution stipulates that grown-up children are duty-bound to support their parents.In the cities, couples who do not live with their aged parents offer them living allowances and help them with the chores.In the countryside, though quite a number of extended families have dissolved, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents.To them, breaking up the extended family means only cooking their meals separately.Most often they have their houses built near their parents’ home, making it convenient for parents and children to help and visit each other as before.翻譯詞匯：

大家庭 extended family 憲法 Constitution 規(guī)定 stipulate 義不容辭的責(zé)任 duty-bound 生活費 living allowance 家務(wù)活 chore 解體 dissolve 分家 breaking up the extended family

分灶 cook their meals separately

練習(xí)15：中國幸運數(shù)字

中國幸運數(shù)字(lucky numbers)的概念與其他文化相似。對廣東人來說，區(qū)別好數(shù)字與壞數(shù)字的關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)發(fā)音。例如，2是幸運的，因為它和“容易”的發(fā)音相似。3與生活有關(guān)。4在漢語里聽起來像“死”。6代表好運。8與“繁榮”有關(guān)，所有場合都適用。9與“永恒(eternity)”相聯(lián)系。起初只有皇家(the imperial family)才能用9。例如，故宮就設(shè)計有9999個房間。

譯文：

The Chinese concept of lucky numbers is similar to that of other cultures.The key to distinguish good or bad numbers for Cantonese is based on sound,For example, the number two is fortunate, because it is similar to the sound of “easy”.Three is associated with living.The number four sounds like “death”in Chinese.Six represents good luck.Eight is associated with “prosperity” and is desirable for all occasions.Nine is associated with“eternity”.Originally it could only be used by the imperial family.For example,the Forbidden City was designed with 9,999 rooms.2015年6月英語六級閱讀高頻短語匯總

be about to do 剛要，即將

come true 實現(xiàn)

be friends with 與。.友好 bear in mind 記住

bring into effect 實行;使生效

bring into operation 實施;使生效

cannot help 禁不住，忍不住

carry into effect 施行;使生效

cast light on/upon 闡明，使了解 catch fire 著火，燒著

catch one’s breath 喘氣，松口氣;屏息

catch one’s eye 引人注目 catch sight of 看到，發(fā)現(xiàn) come into effect 生效;實施

come into operation 施行，實行，生效 come to one’s senses 醒悟;蘇醒

could not help 禁不住，忍不住 cut short 中斷，打斷 do one’s best 盡力，努力enjoy oneself 過得快活 fall in love with 愛 上 find fault(with)找岔

gain an advantage over 勝過，優(yōu)于

get hold of 得到，獲得 get rid of 丟棄，擺脫 get the best of 戰(zhàn)勝

get the better of 戰(zhàn)勝，占上風(fēng)

第二篇：2011.09.26翻譯練習(xí)題

翻譯練習(xí)題：(注意增詞法和減詞法的應(yīng)用)

1.Whether one is in a job looking to advance on the career ladder or unemployed looking for

work, the only way to succeed is to market himself or herself.2.Curriculum Vitae or Resume’ Business Cards, and References or Letters of Recommendation

form previous employers must all be in impeccable condition before one takes any concrete action to engage oneself into another working environment.3.Employers’ first point of contact with the applicant will be what they see on paper, so it must

look proficient to create a good impression.4.Happiness is the ultimate principle whoever one is, a prince or a pauper.And undeniably

smile and friendly approach will make one look upbeat and interesting, which will greatly enhance one’s chances of winning the interviewer’s favor and consequently market oneself successfully.5.Consider a variety of questions that one may be asked at interview then consider answers to

the questions.Get a friend to pretend as the interviewer and then rehearse how to tackle them.This will let one brush up on interviewing skills, and make one appear more confident on the day.6.Even if the job applied for does not require professional attire, one should still wear a business

suit, unless told otherwise.If in doubt, the safest option is to dress conservatively.Having the right look will not only help one present the right image, it will increase one’s self-confidence, enabling one to concentrate all their energies into what they have to say, rather than worrying about how people respond to their looks.7.The interviewee’s role in the interview process is to convince the employer that he or she is

the right person for the job.Thus, any clothes, which will distract the employer’s attention from delivering that message, should be avoided.8.An individual’s personality plays an important part in how they perform in their job.Potential

employers can gain an insight into a person’s overall character, especially when these tests are used alongside other tests and methods of assessment.Candidates are usually presented with a series of multiple-choice questions to which there are no right or wrong answers—the employer obtains the information required by analyzing the candidates’ answers.Please translate the following passages

(1)Interpretation and interpreter

Although the terms interpretation and translation are often used interchangeably, by strict definition, interpretation refers to the spoken language, and translation to the written language.A competent translator should be very acquainted with the following points: a detailed knowledge of the subject matter is equally as important as academic knowledge of the language pairs, in certain cases(technical manuals for example)it plays a greater role.An ability to write well is also important.Proofreading and editing is a good way to break into the industry and the skills gained will help you later on.Although a degree may not be absolutely necessary, a qualification in translation is important.Practice the language!Take a language course or work towards a degree or whatever you feel is appropriate.Read newspapers in that language and keep abreast of the culture, listen to music and news from that country if able to.Travel to the country as often as you are able to.No course of study will ever be 100% perfect.Only you can judge whether it is the right one to meet your needs.Those basic qualifications will help one get started but after that it is one’s experience on the job and performance as a translator that counts.There are more opportunities for free-lance translators than in-house.Attend local translation events and seminars.It will not only help one learn more about different subjects, it will also help one make contacts in the translation and interpreting field.Interpretation is generally categorized into consecutive interpretation(交替式翻譯，交傳)and simultaneous interpretation（同聲傳譯，同傳）.The former refers to the circumstance where the interpreter waits until a complete statement has been spoken and then begins interpreting(so only one person is speaking at a time).It is used primarily to interpret witness testimony, a situation in which everyone in the courtroom needs to hear the interpretation.Simultaneous interpretation is generally considered inappropriate for witness testimony—unless the courtroom is equipped with wireless equipment for that purpose—because hearing two voices at once is too distracting.A court interpreter is anyone who interprets in a civil or criminal court proceeding(e.g., arraignment, motion, pretrial conference, preliminary hearing, deposition, trial)for a witness or defendant who speaks or understands little or no English.Court interpreters must accurately interpret for individuals with a high level of education and an expansive vocabulary, as well as person with very limited language skills without changing the language register of the speaker.For the other languages, the following self-study techniques are suggested:(1)expand your vocabulary,(2)develop your own glossaries, and(3)develop interpreting techniques, namely, consecutive interpretation, simultaneous interpretation, and sight translation.In addition to total fluency in both English and the foreign language, a court interpreter should have excellent public speaking and interpersonal skills.Sometimes the testimony to be interpreted

is shocking or traumatic, and the interpreter must be able to deal with such matters without becoming emotionally involved.The interpreter must also be able to refrain from expressing personal opinions or acting as an advocate for one side or the other in a court case, and must be able to work unobtrusively.The interpreter must be able to work well under pressure and react quickly to solve complex linguistic and ethical problems as they arise.On the other hand, when a problem cannot be solved by the interpreter alone, the interpreter must demonstrate the good judgment required to inform the court of that fact and take whatever steps are necessary to resolve the situation.And finally, good court interpreters constantly strive to improve their skills by reading from a wide variety of sources, attending conferences, researching new terms and concepts, and honing their interpreting techniques.There is a great demand for certified court interpreters in areas with large immigrant populations.Most court interpreters work as freelance or per-diem interpreters, meaning that they are hired by the day or the half day, rather than being permanent employees of the trial courts.Some trial courts, however, have permanent positions for court interpreters.A freelance interpreter must be willing to travel from one trial court to another, perhaps even from one county trial court system to another, to be assured of full-time work.Court interpreters are generally paid by the whole or half day.Currently, court interpreters are paid $265 a day and $147 for half day.Trial court systems that have permanent positions for court interpreters pay between $30,000 and $66,000 per year, depending on location and experience.Interpreters of languages for which there is no state certifying examination are called “registered interpreters of non-designated languages”.Non-designated languages are languages for which there are no state certifying examinations.Registered interpreters must meet the requirements developed for court interpreters as well as pass an English proficiency exam that tests their knowledge of English, court procedure, and professional ethics.Professional associations offer workshops and conferences at which novices are welcome.Introductory courses in court interpreting at colleges and universities are also good sources of information.Attending court sessions at one’s local courthouse will give one a good idea of the kinds of proceedings in which one will be expected to interpret, and one may be able to observe a certified court interpreter at work。

重點詞匯+同義詞擴充

competent: capable, able adept, skilled

acquaint: familiarize, notify, inform

primarily: chiefly, mainly, principally, predominantly

fluency: eloquence, facility, glibness

traumatic---shocking, distressing, upsetting, painful

resolve---solve, settle, come to a decision

strive---endeavor, do one’s utmost, make every effort, go all out

hone---refine, polish, perfect, enhance

novice---beginner, apprentice, greenhorn

第三篇：10月18日翻譯練習(xí)題

Protection of the milk supply endangered by a federal program is therefore left to the states themselves.Inquiries addressed to the health officers or other appropriate officials revealed that no tests had been made and that it simply was not known whether the milk was contaminated with pesticides or not.Meanwhile, after rather than before the control program was launched, some research into the peculiar nature of heptachlor was done.Perhaps it would be more accurate to say that someone looked up the research already published, since the basic fact that brought about belated action by the federal

government had been discovered several years before, and should have influenced the initial handling of the program.This is the fact that heptachlor, after a short period in the tissues of animals or plants or in the soil, assumes a considerably more toxic form known as heptachlor epoxide.The epoxide is popularly described as “an oxidation product” produced by weathering.The fact that this transformation could occur had been known since 1952;when the Food and Drug Administration discovered that female rats, fed 30 parts per million of heptachlor, had stored 165 parts per million of the more poisonous epoxide only two weeks later.一項由聯(lián)邦政府主導(dǎo)的牛奶供應(yīng)計劃已陷入危機中，只好由州政府自己操作.通過向衛(wèi)生部門或其它相關(guān)部門調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有對牛奶進行質(zhì)量檢測，甚至不知道牛奶是否受到殺蟲劑的污染。同時，在這個保護牛奶供給質(zhì)量項目開始實施之前而不是之后，對七氯(一種殺蟲劑)病理形成因素已經(jīng)開始研究中了.更準確地說有人見到研究結(jié)果已經(jīng)公布了，正是對七氯的研究結(jié)果才使得聯(lián)邦政府開始開展這個遲到了好幾年的質(zhì)量保護項目，而且這個結(jié)果應(yīng)該會影響到該項目的初始操作。研究結(jié)果表明，七氯在動植物組織或土壤內(nèi)短時間存在后，會形成一種毒性更大的物質(zhì)叫做環(huán)氧七氯。環(huán)氧化物普遍被認為是一種氧化產(chǎn)物，人們從1952年就已經(jīng)知道這種氧化物的轉(zhuǎn)變會發(fā)生。當(dāng)時美國食品藥物安全局通過一項實驗表明，當(dāng)一個雌性老鼠被喂食30PPM的七氯后，再短短兩個禮拜后，體內(nèi)便能形成165PPM的環(huán)氧七氯。

杜婷

34號

第四篇：NAATI翻譯練習(xí)題(中英)

Tax Burden’s a Barrier to Competition

稅負有礙競爭

Australia now has one of the highest business tax burdens(that is, business tax raised relative to GDP)in the world, and that the business tax burden is considerably higher than in countries with far higher levels of overall taxation and spending than Australia.目前澳大利亞的商業(yè)稅負(即相對于其GDP來說，所征得的商業(yè)稅)為全球最高。而且在許多總體稅負和支出遠高于澳大利亞的國家里，它們的商業(yè)稅負卻較澳大利亞而難以望項其背。

乒乓乓[-0Australian companies face a tax burden more than double that of their rivals in the US, almost double that of companies in Britain, higher than most of our regional competitors, and higher than all the other countries in the OECD, except for Norway and Luxembourg.Many of these countries are continuing to reform their business tax structures to further reduce the tax burden on business.澳大利亞公司所承擔(dān)的稅負相當(dāng)于美國公司的兩倍多，也幾乎是英國公司的兩倍，同時高于來自本地區(qū)其它國家的競爭對手，并且高于除挪威和盧森堡之外的所有歐洲經(jīng)濟合作與發(fā)展組織成員國。這些國家中，大部分都在不斷改革商業(yè)稅的結(jié)構(gòu)以進一步減輕商業(yè)稅負。

This means Australia is losing ground as a competitive investment destination.It is noteworthy that Australia's share of global inward foreign direct investment has fallen from 4.1 per cent in 1990, to 2.1 per cent in 2005.這意味著澳大利亞正逐漸喪失其作為投資地的競爭優(yōu)勢。值得一提的是，澳大利亞在1990年吸引的直接外資占全球外資總額的4.1%，這個比例在2005年下跌到了2.1%。

Arguments that the rise in the business tax burden reflects the strong growth in profits in Australia are flawed.According to this year’s Federal Budget papers, the effective corporate tax rate has risen in recent years.有人認為提高商業(yè)稅負反映了澳大利亞的商業(yè)利潤提升迅猛，這一說法有失偏頗。根據(jù)今年的聯(lián)邦預(yù)算文件，有效公司稅率近年來有所增長。

In addition, Treasury's own revenue experts have acknowledged that the increase in business taxes reflects more than rising corporate profits, to such an extent that they have revised the way they forecast tax revenues.另外，財政部的御用稅收專家承認增加商業(yè)稅負所反映的問題遠甚于公司利潤的增長，因此他們修正了先前對稅收的預(yù)測。

Only by having a competitive business tax system will we avoid our companies becoming branch offices of overseas businesses and attract sufficient foreign investment to maintain our prosperity.只有建立一套具有競爭力的商業(yè)稅負制度，我們才能免于淪為海外跨國公司的分支機構(gòu)，并且吸引充足的外資來維持經(jīng)濟繁榮。

Word count: 250 words

NAATI真題2007-11-28 13:53Action Required to Make Education Australia’s Advantage 必須采取措施打造澳大利亞優(yōu)勢教育

Too many young Australians are being left behind by our school education system, a discussion paper released today by the Business Council of Australia has found.今天，澳大利亞工商會(Business Council of Australia)發(fā)布了一份論述報告，指出澳大利亞絕大多數(shù)的年輕人由于本國學(xué)校教育體制的不力，正逐漸落后于別國的同齡人。

The paper highlights that Australia is at risk of falling behind countries such as Finland, Japan and Korea when it comes to measuring key education outcomes in areas including maths and science learning and attainment.該報告強調(diào)，如果對數(shù)理化學(xué)習(xí)和造詣等方面的重點教育成果進行評估，澳大利亞可能會落后于芬蘭、日本和韓國等國家。

In responding to this challenge, the paper identifies a five-point plan to overhaul school education so that every young Australian has access to a world-leading education system.為解決這個問題，報告列出了整改學(xué)校教育的五點方案，旨在使澳大利亞的全體年輕人能接觸世界先進的教育體制。

BCA President, Mr Michael Chaney, said: “While far-reaching changes have taken place in the way the wider community works, communicates and is organised, many aspects of our school system have not changed since the 1960s”.澳大利亞工商會主席邁克爾·錢尼(Michael Chaney)說，“盡管我們?nèi)鐣诮M建、運作和交流方面發(fā)生了深遠的變化，但是我們的學(xué)校體制在許多方面仍停留在20世紀60年代的水平。

The paper identifies the following five strategies required to lift school education outcomes: 報告列舉了開發(fā)學(xué)校教育成果必需的五點策略如下：

1.Greater early intervention – identifying potential learning problems before they become entrenched, difficult and costly to address.1.盡早介入--及時發(fā)現(xiàn)潛在的學(xué)習(xí)問題，以免它們發(fā)展得根深蒂固，解決起來則難度大，代價高。

2.Increased customisation – making education and training more responsive to the needs, interests and aspirations of individual learners.2.加強因材施教--使教育和培訓(xùn)更能針對不同學(xué)生的需要、興趣和志向。

3.Strengthening the teaching profession – improving the professional support structure and conditions for teachers and school leaders to strengthen their ability to develop and work as highly qualified, knowledgeable professionals.3.完善教學(xué)職業(yè)--為教師和學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)改善專業(yè)支持結(jié)構(gòu)和條件，從而提高他們工作和發(fā)展的能力，使他們成為高素質(zhì)、有學(xué)識的教學(xué)人員。

4.Increased investment – increasing public investment in education.4.增加投資--增加教育領(lǐng)域的公共投資。

5.Improved governance – clarifying roles and responsibilities and improving mechanisms for ensuring that education and training is meeting the needs of individuals and the Australian society.5.加強管理--明確分工和職責(zé)，改善機制，以確保教育培訓(xùn)能滿足澳大利亞社會及個人的需要。Vaccine delivered in GM rice to cure cholera

轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻疫苗可治霍亂

A new rice-based vaccine could give developing nations a cheap and effective treatment against the killer disease cholera, Japanese researchers say.日本科研人員宣布，一種新的水稻疫苗可以為發(fā)展中國家提供廉價而有效的療法，治療足以致命的霍亂病。

Unlike conventional cholera shots, which have to be refrigerated right up to the point of delivery, the genetically modified rice vaccine has a shelf life of several years at room temperature.傳統(tǒng)的霍亂疫苗針劑在交付使用之前需要一直冷藏。與傳統(tǒng)疫苗針劑不同，這種轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻疫苗可以在室溫下保存數(shù)年。

That would make the experimental treatment not only cheaper but much easier to distribute in cholera hot spots like Africa, Latin America and parts of Asia.這樣一來，這種實驗性療法不僅成本低廉，而且更便于在霍亂病高發(fā)地帶如非洲、拉丁美洲和亞洲部分地區(qū)推廣。

Dr Tomonori Nochi at the University of Tokyo's Institute of Medical Science and colleagues publish their research online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.東京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)研究所的野地智法博士和他的同事在美國國家科學(xué)院匯刊(the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)在線發(fā)表了他們的研究成果。

The researchers inserted a gene from cholera bacteria, Vibrio cholerae, into the genome of the Kitaake rice plant.研究員將一種從霍亂孤菌提取出來的基因植入Kitaake水稻的基因組中。

The gene expressed a subunit of the disease-causing cholera toxin B, about 30 micrograms of which accumulated in each rice seed.該基因顯現(xiàn)出一組致病性B型霍亂毒素的子群，每顆水稻種子里可積聚約30微克這種毒素。

Mice then ate the transgenic rice in the form of powder, absorbing the cholera toxin B antigen.接著，讓白鼠進食磨成粉末狀的轉(zhuǎn)基因稻米，從而吸收了B型霍亂毒素抗原。

This caused their immune system to release very specific antibodies that were capable of neutralising the cholera toxin.這使得白鼠體內(nèi)的免疫系統(tǒng)釋放出特殊的抗體，這種抗體可以滅殺霍亂毒素。

The rice-based vaccine was also resistant to digestion by gastric juices in the stomach and remained active even after long-term storage at room temperature.另外，該水稻疫苗還不容易被胃液消化，而且在可以在室溫的貯藏條件下長期存活。

“Rice-based mucosal vaccines offer a highly practical and cost-effective strategy for orally vaccinating large populations against mucosal infections, including those that may result from an act of bioterrorism,” the authors conclude.發(fā)明者總結(jié)說：“黏膜性水稻疫苗提供了極其實用且合算的辦法為大規(guī)模人群進行口服預(yù)防接種，以防止 黏膜傳染病，包括那些由生化恐怖襲擊引起的傳染?！?/p>

Cholera bacteria, which are typically spread through contaminated food and water, cause acute diarrhoea that can lead to dehydration and shock.霍亂菌，主要通過受染的食品或水傳播，會引起急性腹瀉，從而可能導(dǎo)致脫水和休克。

第五篇：阿房宮賦翻譯及練習(xí)題

阿房宮賦

練習(xí)題

一．古今異義：

①各抱地勢，鉤心斗角（古義：宮室建筑的精巧 ；今義：指人各用心機，互相排擠）

②一宮之間，而氣候不同齊（古義：指天氣（雨雪陰睛）的意思；今義：指一個地區(qū)的氣象概況）③燕趙之收藏，韓魏之經(jīng)營（古義：搜集保存；今義：籌劃、計劃或組織）④可憐焦土（古義：可惜；今義：憐憫）

二．詞類活用：

1、六王畢（畢 形作動 滅亡）四海一（一 數(shù)作動 統(tǒng)一）

2、驪山北構(gòu)而西折（北,西 名作狀 從驪山；向北；向西）

3、未云何龍，不霽何虹（云,龍，虹 名作動 飄來云彩；出現(xiàn)蛟龍；出現(xiàn)彩虹）

4、輦來于秦（輦 名作狀 乘輦車）

5、盡態(tài)極妍（妍 名作形 姿態(tài)的美好）

6、燕趙之收藏，韓魏之經(jīng)營，齊楚之精英(收藏，經(jīng)營，精英 動作名 金玉珍寶等物)

7、鼎鐺玉石，金塊珠礫（鼎 玉 金 珠 名作狀 把寶鼎、把寶玉、把黃金 把珍珠）（名作動 當(dāng)作鐺 石 塊 礫）

8、族秦者秦也（族 名作動 滅族）

9、后人哀之而不鑒之（鑒 以……為鑒）

10、朝歌夜弦（歌,弦 名作動 奏樂）

三．文言句式

1.戍卒叫，函谷舉（被動句）

2.使負棟之柱，多于南畝之農(nóng)夫（介賓短語后置）

3.滅六國者六國也（判斷句）

4.明星熒熒，開妝鏡也；綠云擾擾，梳曉鬟也；渭流漲膩，棄脂水也；煙斜霧橫，焚椒蘭也。雷霆乍驚，宮車過也；轆轆遠聽，杳不知其所之也。（判斷句）5.四．一詞多義 一：

1、六王畢，四海一（統(tǒng)一。）

2、楚人一炬，可憐焦土（數(shù)詞。）

3、黃鶴一去不復(fù)返（一旦。）

4、而或長煙一空，皓月千里（全，都。）

5、上食埃土，下飲黃泉，用心一也（專一。）

6、合從締交，相與為一（一體。）

愛：

1、秦愛紛奢，人亦念其家（喜愛。）

2、使秦復(fù)愛六國之人（愛護。）

3、不愛珍器重寶肥饒之地（吝惜。）

4、晉陶淵明獨愛菊（喜歡。）

取：

1、奈何取之盡錙銖，用之如泥沙（奪取。）

2、青，取之于藍，而青于藍（提取。）

3、今入關(guān)，財物無所?。?。）

4、留取丹心照汗青（著，助詞。）譯文

六國為秦所滅，天下被統(tǒng)一。蜀山的樹木被砍伐一空，阿房宮殿得以建成。（它）覆蓋了三百多里地，幾乎遮蔽了天日。（阿房宮）從驪山北邊建起，折而向西，一直通到咸陽（古咸陽在驪山西北）。渭水和樊川，浩浩蕩蕩地流進了宮墻。每五步一座高樓，每十步一座亭閣；長廊像綢帶一樣迂回曲折，（突起的）屋檐（像鳥嘴）向上撅起。這些亭臺樓閣啊，各自依著不同的地勢，參差錯落，精巧工致。盤旋的樣子，迂回曲折的樣子，像蜂房那樣密集，如水渦那樣套連，矗立著不知道它們有幾千萬座。長橋臥在水上，沒有云怎么（出現(xiàn)）龍？那樓閣之間的通道架在半空（像彩虹），（可是）并非雨過天晴，怎么會有虹霓產(chǎn)生？高高低低的樓閣，分辨不清，使人辨不清南北西東。人們在臺上唱歌，歌樂聲響起來，好像充滿暖意，如同春光那樣和樂；人們在殿中舞蹈，舞袖飄拂，好像帶來寒氣，如同風(fēng)雨交加那樣凄冷。就在同一天內(nèi)，同一座宮里，而氣氛感覺卻截然不同。（六國的）宮女妃嬪、諸侯王族的女兒孫女，辭別了故國的樓閣宮殿，乘坐輦車來到秦國。（她們）日夜奏琴歌唱，成為秦皇的宮人。（清晨）只見（光如）明星閃亮，（原來是她們）打開了梳妝的明鏡；又見烏云紛紛擾擾，（原來是她們）一早在梳理發(fā)鬢；渭水漲起一層脂膏，（是她們）潑下的脂粉水呀；輕煙繚繞，香霧彌漫，是她們焚燒的椒蘭異香。忽然雷霆般的響聲震天，（原來是）宮車從這里馳過；轆轆的車輪聲漸聽漸遠，不知它駛向何方。（宮女們）極力顯示自己的嫵媚嬌妍，每一處肌膚，每一種姿態(tài)，都嬌媚極了。（她們）久久地佇立著，眺望著，希望皇帝能寵幸光臨；（可憐）有的人三十六年始終未曾見過皇帝的身影。燕國趙國、韓國魏國、齊國楚國收藏的金玉珍寶等物，都是多少年、多少代，從人民那里掠奪來的，堆積如山。一旦國家破亡，不能再占有，都運送到阿房宮中。把寶鼎（看作）鐵鍋，把美玉（看作）石頭，把黃金（看作）土塊，把珍珠（看作）砂礫，扔得到處都是，秦國的人看著，也不覺得可惜。

唉！一個人所想的，也是千萬人所想的。秦始皇喜歡繁華奢侈，老百姓也眷念著自己的家。為什么搜刮財寶時連一分一厘也不放過，揮霍起來卻把它當(dāng)作泥沙一樣呢？甚至使得（阿房宮）支承大梁的柱子，比田里的農(nóng)夫還要多；架在屋梁上的椽子，比織機上的織女還要多；突出的釘頭，比倉谷里的粟粒還要多；參差不齊的瓦縫，比人們身上穿的絲縷還要多；直的欄桿，橫的門檻，比九州的城郭還要多；琴聲笛聲，嘈雜一片，比鬧市里的人聲還要喧鬧。（這）使天下人們口里雖不敢說，但心里卻充滿了憤怒。秦始皇這暴君的心卻日益驕橫頑固。于是駐守邊關(guān)的士兵起義，函谷關(guān)被劉邦攻占；項羽放了一把大火（燒毀秦宮），可惜那豪華的宮殿就變成了一片焦土。