第一篇：新世紀大學英語二全文翻譯

新世紀大學英語綜合教程2UNIT1、2、4翻譯

我原諒你

并非只有婚姻關(guān)系才需要寬恕。我們與子女、朋友、同事、鄰居。甚至陌生人相處時同樣需要寬恕。事實上，沒有寬恕的氧氣。任何人際關(guān)系都無從維系。寬恕并不是脾氣好的人們才擁有的特質(zhì)，它是所有關(guān)系的必要條件，也是自己身心健康不可缺少的。、有些人可能認為自己受傷太深、次數(shù)太多，無法寬恕、可耐人尋味的是，恰恰是被傷得最深的人，才真正需要寬恕別人。原因很簡單：仇恨就像癌癥。會毀掉宿主。如果不盡快鏟除。它就會生根發(fā)芽，是那些執(zhí)意仇恨無法釋懷的人受傷甚至死亡。

因為事實是。除非我們能寬恕他人，否則就永遠無法恢復。傷口會繼續(xù)潰爛，永不愈合。中國有句古諺，“復仇者必自絕”

對有些人來說。寬恕他人似乎是不可能的，因為他們根本不知從何做起，首先你要接受一個非常重要的事實：他人并不是件容易的事。事實上，對于我們大多數(shù)人來說。這也許是最難做到的。

被傷害的是我們，卻還要寬恕他人，這似乎毫無公平可言。然而這正是寬恕的關(guān)鍵所在。看見東西的三天

大家都讀過一些令人激動的故事，這些故事里的主人公僅僅活在有限并且特定的時間內(nèi)，有時長達一年，有時短到24小時。但我們總是有興趣發(fā)現(xiàn)。那命中注定要死的是那些有選擇自由的人，而不是那些活動范圍被嚴格限定了的判了刑的犯人。

這樣的故事讓我們思考，在相似的情況下，我們該怎么辦，作為終有一死的人。在那最終的幾個小時內(nèi)安排什么事件，什么經(jīng)歷，什么交往？在回顧往事時，我們該找到什么快樂？什么悔恨？

有時我想到。過好每一天是個非常好的習慣。似乎我們明天就會死去。這種態(tài)度鮮明地強調(diào)了生命的價值。我們應該以優(yōu)雅、精力充沛、善知樂趣的方式過好每一天。而當歲月推移，在經(jīng)常瞻觀未來之時日，未來之年月中，這些又常常失去。當然也有人愿按伊壁鳩魯?shù)男艞l“吃、喝和歡樂”去生活，但絕大多數(shù)人還是被即將面臨死亡的必然性所折磨。

但是我們大多數(shù)人把生活認為是理所當然的。我們知道，某一天我們一定會死，但通常我們把那天想象在遙遠的將來。當我們心寬體健時，死亡幾乎是不可想象的，我們很少想到它、時日在無窮的展望中延展著。于是我們干著瑣碎的事情，幾乎意識不到我們對生活的倦怠態(tài)度。

恐怕，同倦的懶散也成為利用我們所有的感覺和本能的特點，只有聾子才珍惜聽力，唯有瞎子才體會到能看見事物的種種幸福、這種結(jié)論特別適合于那些在成年階段失去視力和聽力的人們。而那些從沒有遭受視覺或聽覺損傷之苦的人卻很少充分利用這些天賜的官能。他們模模糊糊的眼觀八方，耳聽各音，毫無重點，不會鑒賞，還是那相同的老話，對我們的健康意識不到，直至生病時。

我常常想。如果每個人在他成年的早期有一段致瞎致聾，那會是一種幸事，黑暗會使他更珍惜視力，寂靜會教導他享受聲音。

我不時的詢問過我的能看見東西的朋友們，以了解他們看到什么。最近，我的一個很好的朋友來看我。她剛從一片森林里散步許久回來，我問她看到了什么，她答道：“沒什么特別的”。如果我不是習慣了聽到這種回答。我都可能不相信，因為很久以來我已確信這種情況：能看到的人卻看不到什么。我獨自一人，在林子里散步一小時之久而沒有看到任何值得注意的東西。那怎么可能呢？我自己、一個不能看見東西的人，僅僅通過觸覺，都發(fā)現(xiàn)許許多多令我有興趣的東西。我感觸到一片樹葉完美的對稱性。我用手喜愛的撫摸過一株白樺那光潮的樹皮，或一棵松樹的粗糙樹皮。春天，我摸著樹干的枝條滿懷希望地搜索著嫩芽，那是嚴冬的沉睡后，大自然蘇醒的

第一個跡象。我撫摸過花朵那令人愉快的天鵝絨般的質(zhì)地，感覺到他那奇妙的卷繞，一些大自然奇跡向我展現(xiàn)了。有時，如果我很幸運，我把手輕輕地放在一棵小樹上，還能感受到一只高聲歌唱的小鳥的愉快呢顫抖、我十分快樂的讓小溪澗的涼水穿過我張開的手指流淌過去、對我來說，一片茂密的地毯式的松針葉或松軟而富彈性的草地比最豪華的波斯地毯更受歡迎、對我來說四季的壯觀而華麗的展示是一部令人激動的、無窮盡的戲劇。這部戲劇的表演，通過我的手指尖端涌淌出來。

有時，由于渴望能看見這一切東西。我的內(nèi)心在哭泣。如果說僅憑我的觸覺我就能感受到這么多的愉快。那么憑視覺該有多少美麗的東西顯露出來。然而，那些能看見的人明顯的看得很少，充滿世間的色彩和動作的景象被當成理所當然、或許。這是人性共有的特點。對我們具有的不怎么欣賞。而對我們不具有的卻渴望得到，然而，這是一個極大地遺憾，在光明的世界里，視力的天賦僅僅作為一種方便之用，而沒有作為增添生活美滿的手段。啊，如果我要有哪怕3天的視力。多少事我該看啊！

選擇樂觀

作者：里奇·德沃斯

①假如你預料某事結(jié)局不妙，結(jié)果可能真會如此。悲觀的想法很少落空。不過這個法則反過來也成立。假如你覺得會有好事發(fā)生，通常就會交上好運！樂觀與成功之間似乎有一種天然的因果關(guān)系。

②樂觀和悲觀都具有強大的力量，我們每個人必須選擇其一，來塑造自己的前途和理想。每個人的生命中都有足夠的幸運與不幸——豐富的哀傷和喜悅、充足的歡欣與痛苦——令我們找到或樂觀或悲觀的理由。我們可以選擇哭或是笑、祝福或是詛咒。這完全取決于我們自己：用什么樣的眼光去看待生活？是積極向上，還是垂頭喪氣？

③我信守積極向上的態(tài)度。對積極的東西我濃墨重彩，對消極的東西則一筆帶過。我是樂天派，既是天生如此，也因后天選擇所致。誠然，我知道生命中會有傷痛。我已經(jīng)七十多歲了，經(jīng)歷過不止一次的危機。但是，當一切塵埃落定，我發(fā)現(xiàn)生命中的美好遠比丑惡多。

④樂觀的態(tài)度不是奢侈品，它是我們生活的必需品。你看待生活的方式將決定你的感受、你的表現(xiàn)，以及你與他人相處得怎樣。反過來，悲觀的想法、態(tài)度和期待也會自成因 果：它們是能自我實現(xiàn)的預言。

悲觀會制造出無人愿往的黑暗之地。

⑤多年前，我驅(qū)車去一個加油站加油。那天天氣很好，我的心情也不錯。當我走進加油站付油錢時，服務員問我： “你感覺怎樣？”這問題有點古怪，不過，我感覺很好，于是便照實回答了他。“你臉色不好，”他回答。這話讓我大吃一驚。我告訴他我的感覺從未像現(xiàn)在這么好，但已不像開始那么底氣十足了，而他則毫無顧忌地繼續(xù)大講我的氣色如何 差，還說我膚色發(fā)黃。

⑥在離開加油站的時候，我覺得有點心神不寧。駛出一個街區(qū)之后，我把車停在路旁，對著鏡子看著自己的臉。我感覺如何？我的臉色那么差嗎？一切都正常嗎？等我回到家里，我已經(jīng)開始覺得有點想吐。我的肝臟出了毛病嗎？是不是染上了什么怪病？

⑦再次光顧那個加油站時，我還是感覺很好，我弄明白了個中蹊蹺。這個地方不久前把墻漆上了一種搶眼但又難看的黃色，墻面反射的光線使里面的每一個人看起來都像得了肝炎。不知道有多少人有過與我類似的反應。和一個根本不認識的人的一次短短對話竟然改變了我整整一天的心情。他說我面帶病容，沒過多久，我就真的覺得不舒服。那一句消極的話就大大影響了我的感覺和行為。

⑧唯一比否定態(tài)度更有力量的是積極的肯定，充滿樂觀與希望的話語。最讓我心存感激的一件事情，就是我生長的這個國度有著偉大的樂觀主義傳統(tǒng)。如果一種文化從整體上采取積極向上的態(tài)度，不可思議的事情也能變成現(xiàn)實。人們?nèi)舭咽澜缈醋鞴饷髋c希望之地，他們將被賦予努力進取和成就功業(yè)的力量。

⑨樂觀不意味著幼稚。在保持樂觀的同時，你仍然能意識到問題的存在，意識到有些問題非常棘手。樂觀帶來的改變在于面對問題的態(tài)度。比方說，這些年我總是聽到有人抱怨用于太空計劃的錢是被白白浪費了。他們會說：“與其花4億5千5百萬美元把一個人送上月球，為什么不把這些錢用來解決地球上的貧窮問題呢？”但當你追問他們打算如何用這些錢來消除貧困時，大多數(shù)人又會無言以對。我對他們說： “告訴我一個解決辦法，我會為你們籌到錢。”以積極的方式思考如何解決問題，而不是對花在別的項目上的金錢妄加挑剔。實際上，美國的太空計劃帶來了許多有價值的發(fā)現(xiàn)，全人類都從中受益。

⑩樂觀精神使我們的注意力從消極的否定態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)向積極 的、建設(shè)性的思考。樂觀主義者更關(guān)心如何解決問題，而不是毫無意義地怨天尤人。事實上，如果沒有樂觀精神，像貧窮這樣嚴重而且現(xiàn)正存在的問題是無望解決的。解決這樣的問題需要一個夢想家——一個擁有九死不悔的樂觀、矢志不移的堅韌和無限信心的人。何去何從，由你決定。

2-2

Three Days to See

All of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live.Sometimes it was as long as a year;sometimes as short as twenty-four hours.But always we were interested in discovering just how the doomed man chose to spend his last days or his last hours.I speak, of course, of free men who have a choice, not condemned criminals whose sphere of activities is strictly delimited.Such stories set us thinking, wondering what we should do under similar circumstances.What events, what experiences, what associations should we crowd into those last hours as mortal beings? What happiness should we find in reviewing the past, what regrets?

Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow.Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life.We should live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come.There are those, of course, who would adopt the Epicurean motto of “Eat, drink, and be merry,” but most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death

Most of us, however, take life for granted.We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future.When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable.We seldom think of it.The days stretch out in an endless vista.So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.The same lethargy, I am afraid, characterizes the use of all our faculties and senses.Only the deaf appreciate hearing, only the blind realize the manifold blessings that lie in sight.Particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life.But those who have never suffered impairment of sight or hearing seldom make

the fullest use of these blessed faculties.Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds hazily, without concentration and with little appreciation.It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill.I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight;silence would tech him the joys of sound.Now and them I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see.Recently I was visited by a very good friends who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and I asked her what she had observed..“Nothing in particular, ” she replied.I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such reposes, for long ago I became convinced

that the seeing see little.How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me

through mere touch.I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf.I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, or the rough, shaggy bark of a pine.In the spring I touch the

branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter's sleep.I feel the delightful, velvety texture of a flower, and discover its remarkable convolutions;and something of the miracle of Nature is revealed to me.Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy

quiver of a bird in full song.I am delighted to have the cool waters of a brook rush thought my open finger.To me a lush carpet of pine needles or spongy grass is more welcome than the most luxurious Persian rug.To me the page ant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips.At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things.If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight.Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little.the panorama of color and action which fills the world is taken for granted.It is human, perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as a mere conveniences rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.Oh, the things that I should see if I had the power of sight for three days.看見東西的三天

海倫?凱勒

------------------

我們大家都讀過一些令人激動的故事，這些故事里的主人公僅僅活在有限并且特定的時間內(nèi)，有時長達一年，有時短到２４小時。但我們總是有興趣發(fā)現(xiàn)，那命中注定要死的是那些有選擇自由的人，而不是那些活動范圍被嚴格限定了的判了刑的犯人。

這樣的故事讓我們思考，在相似的情況下，我們該怎么辦，作為終有一死的人，在那最

終的幾個小時內(nèi)安排什么事件，什么經(jīng)歷，什么交往？在回顧往事時，我們該找到什么快樂？什么悔恨？

有時我想到，過好每一天是個非常好的習慣，似乎我們明天就會死去。這種態(tài)度鮮明地強調(diào)了生命的價值。我們應該以優(yōu)雅、精力充沛、善知樂趣的方式過好每一天。而當歲月推移，在經(jīng)常瞻觀未來之時日、未來之年月中，這些又常常失去。當然，也有人愿按伊壁鳩魯?shù)男艞l“吃、喝和歡樂”去生活。（譯注：伊壁鳩魯是古希臘哲學家，他認為生活的主題目的是享樂，而最高的享受唯通過合理的生活，如自我控制才能得到。因為生活享受的目的被過分強調(diào)，而達此目的之手段被忽視，所以伊壁鳩魯?shù)男磐浆F(xiàn)今變?yōu)樽非笙順返娜恕Ｋ麄兊男艞l是：“讓我們吃喝，因為明天我們就死亡”），但絕大多數(shù)人還是被即將面臨死亡的必然性所折磨。

但是，我們大多數(shù)人把生活認為是理所當然的。我們知道，某一天我們一定會死，但通常我們把那天想象在遙遠的將來。當我們心寬體健時，死亡幾乎是不可想象的，我們很少想到它。時日在無窮的展望中延展著，于是我們干著瑣碎的事情，幾乎意識不到我們對生活的倦怠態(tài)度。

恐怕，同倦的懶散也成為利用我們所有的本能和感覺的特點。只有聾子才珍惜聽力，唯有瞎子才體會到能看見事物的種種幸福，這種結(jié)論特別適合于那些在成年階段失去視力和聽力的人們，而那些從沒有遭受視覺或聽覺損傷之苦的人卻很少充分利用這些天賜的官能。他們模模糊糊地眼觀八方，耳聽各音，毫無重點，不會鑒賞，還是那相同的老話，對我們所有的官能不知珍惜，直至失去它，對我們的健康意識不到，直至生病時。

我常常想，如果每個人在他成年的早期有一段時間致瞎致聾，那會是一種幸事，黑暗會使他更珍惜視力，寂靜會教導他享受聲音。

我不時地詢問過我的能看見東西的朋友們，以了解他們看到什么。最近，我的一個很好的朋友來看我，她剛從一片森林里散步許久回來，我問她看到了什么，她答道：“沒什么特別的。”如果我不是習慣了聽到這種回答，我都可能不相信，因為很久以來我已確信這個情況：能看得見的人卻看不到什么。

我獨自一人，在林子里散步一小時之久而沒有看到任何值得注意的東西，那怎么可能呢？我自己，一個不能看見東西的人，僅僅通過觸覺，都發(fā)現(xiàn)許許多多令我有興趣的東西。我感觸到一片樹葉的完美的對稱性。我用手喜愛地撫摸過一株白樺那光潮的樹皮，或一棵松

樹的粗糙樹皮。春天，我摸著樹干的枝條滿懷希望地搜索著嫩芽，那是嚴冬的沉睡后，大自然蘇醒的第一個跡象。我撫摸過花朵那令人愉快的天鵝絨般的質(zhì)地，感覺到它那奇妙的卷繞，一些大自然奇跡向我展現(xiàn)了。有時，如果我很幸運，我把手輕輕地放在一棵小樹上，還能感受到一只高聲歌唱的小鳥的愉快顫抖，我十分快樂地讓小溪澗的涼水穿過我張開的手指流淌過去。對我來說，一片茂密的地毯式的松針葉或松軟而富彈性的草地比最豪華的波斯地毯更受歡迎。對我來說四季的壯觀而華麗的展示是一部令人激動的、無窮盡的戲劇。這部戲劇的表演，通過我的手指尖端涌淌出來。

有時，由于渴望能看到這一切東西，我的內(nèi)心在哭泣。如果說僅憑我的觸覺我就能感受到這么多的愉快，那么憑視覺該有多少美麗的東西顯露出來。然而，那些能看見的人明顯地看得很少，充滿世間的色彩和動作的景象被當成理所當然，或許，這是人性共有的特點；對我們具有的不怎么欣賞，而對我們不具有的卻渴望得到。然而，這是一個極大的遺憾，在光明的世界里，視力的天賦僅僅作為一種方便之用，而沒有作為增添生活美滿的手段。

啊，如果我要有哪怕３天的視力，多少事我該看啊！

2-5 Why Character Counts Stephen R.Covey

close1 Some time ago I was asked to consult for a bank that was having a problem with employee morale.“I don't know what's wrong,” complained their young president sadly.Bright and attractively capable, he'd risen through the ranks only to see his institution faltering.Productivity and profits were down.He blamed his employees.“No matter what incentives I provide,” he said, “they won't shake off this gloom and doom.”

品德為什么重要

斯蒂芬·R·科維

前一段時間，我應邀去一家銀行做咨詢，因為那里員工士氣不振。“我不知道問題出在哪里，”年輕的總裁傷心地抱怨道。他聰明而且特別能干，一步一步爬到現(xiàn)在的位置，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)銀行步履維艱，效率和收益都很

低。他覺得問題出在員工身上。他說：“不論我采用什么樣的激勵措施，他們總是死氣沉沉，提不起精神。”close

2RT He was right.The atmosphere seemed poisoned with suspicion

and lack of trust.For two months I ran workshops, but nothing helped.I was stumped.他說得不假，空氣中似乎充滿了懷疑和不信任的毒氣。我花了兩個月的時間舉辦各種研討會，但全都無濟于事。我無計可施了。close 3RT Finally, in more casual conversations, the truth emerged.The boss, who was married, was having an affair with an employee.And everyone knew it.最后，在閑談中真相浮現(xiàn)了。老板已經(jīng)結(jié)婚，卻與一名員工有染，這件事公司上下盡人皆知。close 4RT It was obvious now that the company's poor performance was caused by his conduct.But the greatest damage this man was doing was to himself.He was thinking only of his own pleasure and satisfaction disregarding long-term consequences.Moreover, he had violated a sacred trust with his wife.如此看來，公司業(yè)績欠佳，顯然是他的行為所造成的。但這個人所造成的最大損害，是對他自己。他只顧自己一時的享樂和滿足，不管長遠的后果，而且，他也褻瀆了與妻子之間神圣的信任。close 5RT In a word, his failing was one of character.簡而言之，他錯在品行不端。close 6RT What Really Matters

Character is made up of those principles and values that give your life direction, meaning and depth.These constitute your inner sense of what's right and wrong based not on laws or rules of conduct but on who you are.品德是由原則和價值觀組成，能夠為你的生活指引方向，賦予你的生活以意義和深度。這些構(gòu)成了你內(nèi)心判斷正誤的標準，不是基于法律或行為準則，而是基于你個人。close 7RT They include such traits as integrity, honesty, courage, fairness

and generosity which arise from the hard choices we have to make in life.So, wrong is simply in doing wrong, not in getting caught.它們包括了正直、誠實、勇氣、公平、慷慨等特點，來自于我們在生活中必須做出的艱難抉擇。所以做錯了就是做錯了，而不在于有沒有被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。close 8RT Yet some people wonder if our inner values matter anymore.After all, hasn't our noted bank executive succeeded in every visible way, despite his moral failing?

然而，有些人會懷疑，我們的內(nèi)在價值還重要嗎？畢竟，我們這位有名的銀行主管盡管品行不端，還不是照樣在各方面很成功？close 9RT This question demonstrates a dilemma of our modern life.Many have come to believe that the only things we need for success are talent, energy and personality.But history has taught us that who we are is more important than who we appear to be.這個問題反映了現(xiàn)代生活的一個困境。很多人已經(jīng)開始相信：要成功，只要有天分、精力和個性就夠了。然而，回顧歷史，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，內(nèi)在品質(zhì)比外在特征更加重要。close 10RT During the nation's first century and a half, almost everything in the literature of success and self-help focused on what could be called the character ethic.Such eminent figures as Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson made clear their belief that we can only experience true success and happiness by making character the guideline of our lives.在我國歷史最初的150多年中，幾乎所有關(guān)于成功與自勵的文獻都聚焦在可稱為品德標準方面。本杰明·富蘭克林和托馬斯·杰斐遜等杰出人物很清楚地表明了他們的看法：只有讓品德成為我們的指南，才能體驗真正的成功與幸福。close 11RT After we moved into the industrial age and after World War I, the basic view of success shifted to what we could call the personality ethic.Success became more a function of charm, skills and techniques that lubricate the process of human interaction.Rather than struggle with difficult issues of right and wrong, we turned to making things run smoothly.close12RT Some of that philosophy expressed itself with harmless but superficial mottoes, such as “smiling wins more friends than frowning”.Other ideas were even deceptive, faking interest in others' hobbies so they will like you, for instance.這種哲學可以從一些無害然而淺薄的說法中看出端倪，比如，“微笑能比皺眉贏得更多朋友。”其他的想法甚至帶有欺騙性質(zhì)，例如假裝對別人的愛好感興趣好讓他們喜歡你。close 13RT With a value system based solely on skill and personality, we find heroes in athletes, musicians and in powerful business executives.But despite the admiration we feel for these achievers, we shouldn't necessarily look upon them as role models.While skill is certainly needed for success, it can never guarantee happiness and fulfillment.These come from developing character.在這種完全基于技能與個性的價值體系指導下，我們視運動員、音樂家或有權(quán)有勢的商界主管為偶像。不過，盡管我們欽羨這些成功人士，我們倒也未必要奉他們?yōu)榭！＜记晒倘皇浅晒λ匦璧模寄軓膩頍o法保證一個人的幸福和滿足感。這二者有賴于品德的塑造。close

14RT Start at Home

You can begin to build character at any age.The key is learning how to look within to work inside out.品德的塑造是可以從任何年齡段開始的，關(guān)鍵是要學會如何內(nèi)省，然后由內(nèi)而外，推己及人。close 15RT With the inside-out approach, private victories precede public victories.These private victories are simply promises you make to yourself and others and then keep.由內(nèi)而外，個人生活中的成就便能引發(fā)公共生活的成就，而個人生活的成就無非是堅守你對自己和他人的承諾而已。close 16RT Day by day, as you make and keep increasingly challenging

promises, you will be making deposits in your “character account”.What begins as great effort will eventually become a habit.And as you get into the habit of building character in the smaller areas of your life, your ability to develop character strength in more important spheres will grow.日復一日，你許下并恪守越來越有挑戰(zhàn)性的諾言，你也同時在往你的“道德賬戶”上存“錢”。一開始需要很努力去做的事情，最終將成為習慣。逐步養(yǎng)成了在生活中一些較次要的方面塑造品德的習慣之后，你在更重要的領(lǐng)域培養(yǎng)品德力量的能力也會隨之增強。close 17RT Private victories therefore lead to your larger public victories.For instance, to gain more freedom to think and act in your job, you must first be a more responsible employee.To create a happy marriage, first be the kind of person who generates love, generosity, dependability and trust.個人生活的成功因此能造就更大的公眾生活的成功。比如說，要在工作中獲得更高的職位，你首先得是一個責任心更強的員工。要締造幸福的婚姻，自己首先就要做一個有愛心、慷慨、可靠而又誠實的人。close 18RT There's no more essential ingredient for character growth than trust.Whether it is trust we earn from colleagues or a spouse, it is built slowly over time in an infinite variety of circumstances.在品德成熟的過程中，沒有哪一種因素會比信任更加關(guān)鍵的了。不管是同事的信任還是配偶的信任，都是在無窮變化的環(huán)境中日積月累而沉淀下來的。close 19RT Another way to build character is to admit your mistakes.Character is revealed in how we handle things that go wrong.另一個塑造品德的方法就是承認自己的錯誤。處理錯誤的方式也能體現(xiàn)我們的品德。close 20RT The best opportunities to build character, however, are within our families, where we are constantly tested and most vulnerable to lapses.True character begins at home.然而，塑造品德的最佳機會是在家庭內(nèi)部，在家里我們時時經(jīng)受考驗，也最容易犯錯。真正的品德始于家庭。close 21RT Often we sense that we can get away with things around those who know us best, who will love us regardless of our conduct.This can end up destroying our character and our relationships.How often have we heard of someone who is an excellent employee but treats his or her spouse like a piece of furniture? 我們常常會覺得，跟最了解我們、不管我們做了什么都會依然愛我們的人在一起，總是能免受懲罰。結(jié)果呢，我們的品德受損，關(guān)系也遭到了破壞。我們會不會經(jīng)常聽說這樣的人，比如一個很出色的員工，卻把自己的配偶當作一件家具那樣對待？close 22RT All our relationships follow the patterns of life;they have ups and downs.This is why our families provide a critical measure of our character and the opportunity, again and again, to nurture it.我們所有的關(guān)系都遵循著生活的規(guī)律；都是有起有落的。這就是為什么我們的家庭能為我們的品德提供一個重要的量度，而且不斷提供機會滋養(yǎng)它。close 23RT What became of the bank president who was involved sexually with an employee? When I confided to him what I knew of his affair and the effect it was having on his staff, he ran his fingers through his hair.“I don't know where to begin,” he said.那個與員工有染的銀行總裁后來怎么樣了呢？我向他透露，我已經(jīng)知道他的外遇，以及這件事對員工的影響，他用手指撓著頭發(fā)。“我不知道從何說起，”他說。close 24RT “Is it over?” “結(jié)束了嗎？”close

25RT He looked me directly in the eye.“Yes.Absolutely.” 他直視著我的眼睛。“結(jié)束了。絕對結(jié)束了。”close

26RT “Then begin by talking with your wife,” I answered.“那就先跟你妻子談談，”我說。close 27RT He told his wife, who forgave him.Then he called a meeting of his staff and addressed their morale problem.“I have found the cause of the problem,” he said.“It is me.I am asking you to give me another chance.” 他跟妻子說了，妻子原諒了他。接著，他召開了員工會議，討論士氣問題。他說：“我已經(jīng)找到問題的根源了，問題就出在我自己身上。我現(xiàn)在請求大家再給我一個機會。”close

28RT It took time, but eventually the employees' morale, a sense of openness, optimism and trust improved.In the end, however, the

executive was doing himself the greatest favor.He was finding his own path to character.慢慢地，員工的士氣、開誠布公的氣氛、樂觀的情緒還有相互的信任最終都有了改觀。不過，說到底，這位主管自己是最大的受益者。他找到了修煉自己品德的道路。close

2-6 The Creative Personality Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi close1RT I have devoted 30 years of research to how creative people live and work.If I had to express in one word what makes their personalities different from others, it's complexity.They contain contradictory extremes;instead of being an “individual”, each of them is a “multitude”.創(chuàng)意性格

米哈伊?奇克森特米海伊

我花了30年的時間研究富有創(chuàng)意的人是如何生活和工作的。如果要用一個詞來概括他們的性格與常人的差別所在，那就是“復雜”。他們身上有著極其矛盾的特征，他們不是 “個體”，每個有創(chuàng)意的人都是“復合體”。close 2RT Here are some traits that are often found in creative people.These traits are integrated with each other in a dialectical

manner.下面就是富有創(chuàng)意的人身上常會具備的一些特征。這些特征有機組合、辯證統(tǒng)一。

close 3RT 1.Creative people have a great deal of physical energy, but they are also often quiet and at rest.They can work long hours with great concentration while

remaining fresh and enthusiastic all the time.This does not mean that creative people are always active.In fact, they rest often and sleep a lot.The important thing is that they know how to control their energy, which is not ruled by the calendar, the clock or an external schedule.When necessary, they can focus it like a laser beam;when not, creative types immediately recharge their batteries.This is not a biorhythm inherited with their genes;it was learned by trial and error as a strategy for achieving their goals.1.富有創(chuàng)意的人精力充沛，但也經(jīng)常安靜地休息。他們可以注意力高度集中地工作很長時間，而始終神采奕奕、興致勃勃。這并不是說富有創(chuàng)意的人超級亢奮。事實上，他們經(jīng)常休息，睡得也很多。重要的是，他們知道如何掌控自己的精力，而人 的精力并不是由日歷、時鐘或外在的日程安排來控制的。有必要時，他們就能像激光一樣專注；沒必要時，富有創(chuàng)意的人就會立刻開始充電。這不是得自遺傳基因的生物節(jié)奏；而是為達到目標而通過反復嘗試掌握的一種策略。close 4RT 2.Creative people tend to be smart yet naive at the same time.Another way of expressing this dialectic is the contrasting poles of wisdom and childishness.As Howard Gardner reveals in his study of the major creative geniuses of the 20th century, a certain immaturity, both emotional and mental, can go hand in hand with deepest

insights.2.富有創(chuàng)意的人往往精明而又天真。換句話說，這個矛盾體就是智慧和幼稚這兩個極端。霍華德?加德納對二十世紀的重

要創(chuàng)意天才進行了研究，結(jié)果表明，最深邃的洞察力可能與某種程度的不成熟（包括情感和思維方面的）共生共存。close 5RT Earlier studies on superior mental abilities show that children with very high IQs do well in life, but after a certain point, IQ does not seem to be correlated any longer with superior performance in real life.Later studies suggest that it might be difficult to do creative work with a lower IQ, but an IQ beyond 120 does not necessarily imply

higher creativity.以前對于卓越的思維能力的研究也表明，高智商兒童生活很成功，但過了一定的數(shù)值，智商似乎不再與卓越的現(xiàn)實生活表現(xiàn)成正比。后來的研究也說明，智商太低的人要做富有創(chuàng)意的工作可能比較困難，但

擁有120以上的智商未必就更有創(chuàng)造力。

close 6RT Furthermore, creative people seem able to use well two opposite ways of thinking: the convergent and the divergent.Convergent thinking is measured by IQ tests, and it involves solving well-defined, rational problems that have one correct answer.Divergent thinking leads to no agreed-upon solution.It involves the ability to generate a great quantity of ideas;flexibility, or the ability to switch from one perspective to another;and originality in picking unusual associations of ideas.Yet divergent thinking is not much use without the ability to tell a good idea from a bad one, and for

this, we must rely on convergent

thinking.此外，富有創(chuàng)意的人似乎能很好地使用兩種互為對立的思維方式：趨同和求異。趨同思維由智商測試來衡量，涉及的是解決定義清楚、有唯一正確答案的理性問題。求異思維能產(chǎn)生另類的解決之道，它涉及的是產(chǎn)生大量想法的能力；靈活性，或者說是從一個角度轉(zhuǎn)換到另一個角度的能力；以及能獨辟蹊徑地產(chǎn)生非凡聯(lián)想的能力。但求異思維本身是沒有多大用處的，除非有能力判斷一個想法是好是壞，要做到這一點，我們必須依賴于趨同思維。

close 7RT 3.Creative people alternate between imagination and a deeply-rooted sense of reality.Great art and great science involve a leap of imagination into a world that is different from the present.In fact, the whole point

of art and science is to go beyond what we now consider real and create a new reality.3.富有創(chuàng)意的人既有豐富的想象力，也有根深蒂固的現(xiàn)實感。偉大的藝術(shù)和偉大的科學都是借助想象，躍進與現(xiàn)實迥異的世界中去。事實上，藝術(shù)與科學的核心所在，便是超越我們目前所認識的現(xiàn)實而創(chuàng)造出一個新的現(xiàn)實。close 8RT 4.Creative people tend to be both extroverted and introverted.We're usually one or the other, either preferring to be in the thick of crowds or sitting on the sidelines and observing the passing show.In fact, in current psychological research, extroversion and introversion are considered to be the most stable personality traits that distinguish people from each other.Creative

individuals seem to exhibit both traits at the same time.4.富有創(chuàng)意的人往往既外向又內(nèi)向。我們一般都二者居其一，要么偏愛呆在人群之中，要么獨坐一旁，冷眼看戲。事實上，在目前的心理研究中，外向和內(nèi)向被視為能區(qū)分彼此的最穩(wěn)定的性格特點，但富有創(chuàng)意的個體似乎同時顯示這兩種特點。

close 9RT 5.Creative people are humble and proud at the same time.These individuals stand “on the shoulders of giants”.Their respect for the area in which they work makes them aware of the long line of previous contributions to it.And they're usually so focused on future projects and current challenges that past accomplishments, no

matter how outstanding, are no longer very interesting to them.5.他們既謙虛又傲氣。這些個體站在“巨人的肩膀上”。他們尊重自己工作的領(lǐng)域，因而能意識到前人的大量貢獻。他們通常如此專注于未來的工程和當前的挑戰(zhàn)，過往的成就，不論多么出色，都無法再引起他們太多的興趣。close 10RT 6.Creative people are both rebellious and conservative.Being only traditional leaves an area unchanged;constantly taking chances without regard to tradition rarely leads to novelty.But the willingness to take risks is absolutely necessary.The economist George Stigler is very emphatic in this regard, “I'd say one of the most common failures of able people is a lack of nerve.They just play safe games.In

innovation, you have to play a less safe game, if it's going to be interesting.It's not predictable

that it'll go well.” 6.富有創(chuàng)意的人既叛逆又保守。一味傳統(tǒng)，會令一個領(lǐng)域殊無變化，而時時冒險、罔顧傳統(tǒng)亦鮮有創(chuàng)新，但冒險精神是絕對必要的。經(jīng)濟學家喬治?施蒂格勒特別強調(diào)這個方面：“我會說，有能力的人之所以失敗，大多都是由于缺少冒險精神，凡事四平八穩(wěn)。要創(chuàng)新，你就不能太求穩(wěn)，結(jié)果才可能有意思。結(jié)果是否會順利是無

法預測的。”close 11RT 7.Most creative people are very passionate about their work, yet they can be extremely objective about it as well.Without the passion, we soon lose interest in a difficult task.Yet without being objective about it, our work

is not very good and lacks

credibility.7.絕大多數(shù)富有創(chuàng)意的人對工作激情如火，同時也極為冷靜客觀。沒有激情，我們很快就會對困難任務失去興趣。但如果不夠客觀，我們的工作就難以出色，缺乏

可信度。close 12RT 8.Creative people's openness and sensitivity often exposes them to suffering and pain, yet also to a great deal of enjoyment.Inventors have a low threshold of pain.Things bother them.A badly designed machine causes pain to an inventive engineer, just as the creative writer is hurt when reading bad

prose.8.富有創(chuàng)意的人胸無城府而敏感，這往往令他們痛苦，但同時也令他們體會到很多樂趣。發(fā)明家們對痛苦的容忍度很低，身邊的事物會讓他們看不順眼。設(shè)計拙劣的機器會令富有創(chuàng)意的工程師痛苦，而富有創(chuàng)意的作者看到蹩腳的文字同樣也會

感覺受傷。close 13RT Being alone at the forefront of a discipline also leaves you exposed and vulnerable.Eminence invites criticism and often vicious attacks.When an artist has invested years in making a sculpture, or a scientist in developing a theory, it is devastating if nobody cares.居于學科前沿，也會令你暴露于眾人視線中，易受攻擊。卓越會招致批評，甚至往往是惡毒攻擊。藝術(shù)家傾注多年心血終于完成一件雕塑作品，科學家皓首窮年提出一種理論，到頭來若是無人問津，這種打擊無疑是災難性的。close 14RT Perhaps the most difficult thing for creative individuals to

bear is the sense of loss and emptiness they experience when, for some reason, they cannot work.This is especially painful when a person feels his or her creativity drying out.對于富有創(chuàng)意的個體而言，最難以忍受的事情莫過于由于某種原因而無法工作的那種失落感和空虛感。如果一個人自覺創(chuàng)意枯竭，或許就更加痛苦不堪了。close 15RT Yet when a person is working in the area of his or her expertise, worries and cares fall away, replaced by a sense of happiness.Perhaps the most important quality, the one that is most consistently present in all creative individuals, is the ability to enjoy the process of creation for its own sake.Without this trait, poets would give up striving for

perfection and would write commercial jingles;economists would work for banks where they would earn at least twice as much as they do at universities;and physicists would stop doing basic research and join industrial laboratories where the conditions are better and the expectations

more predictable.而當一個人在自己擅長的領(lǐng)域里工作時，他的一切擔心和憂慮都會消失，取而代之的是一種愉悅感。也許最重要的品質(zhì)，在一切富有創(chuàng)意的人身上最常見的一種品質(zhì)，就是能夠享受創(chuàng)造過程本身。沒有這種品質(zhì)，詩人將不再追求完美而寫些商業(yè)性的喧囂之作；經(jīng)濟學家將會去銀行任職，收入至少會是大學里的兩倍；物理學家也會停止基礎(chǔ)研究而加入工業(yè)實驗室，那里條件優(yōu)越而且結(jié)果也容易預測。

close

7-What Does Teamwork Really

Mean?

Sharon Saw

close1RT In many job interviews, a common question is whether the interviewee is a “team player”.More often than not(unless the interviewee is particularly stupid, or maybe particularly honest but doesn't want the job), he or she will say “yes”.But what does being a team player really mean?

團隊精神的真正含義

沙倫·索

面試中常會問到的一個問題就是，接受面試者是否具有團隊精神。通常情況下，回答是肯定的，除非接受面試者特別愚蠢，或者特別誠實而且不想要這份工作。但團隊精神的真正含義是什么呢？close 2RT On the most basic level, a team player is someone who can work within a group of people.This group is a number of people greater than one.Even if there are only two people in the group, they can be called

a “team”.Therefore it is an essential requirement of any employment that any potential employee is a team player.在最基本的層面上，有團隊精神的人就是能夠與群體合作的人。只要有兩個或兩個以上的個體在一起就可以稱為 “團隊”。因此，未來的員工是否具備團隊精神，對任何工作而言都是一個至關(guān)重要的必備條件。close 3RT On a deeper level, a team player is someone who can play a role in the team, to achieve and support the goals set and agreed upon by the team.The simplest analogy to the corporate team would be a sports team.There are two main aims of the football team.One is to score goals and the other is to prevent the opposition team from scoring.In football, there are eleven players per side, and almost the same number of players in reserve.There are also other vital members of the team in the background, such as the coach, the doctor, etc.從較深層次而言，具備團隊精神的人能夠在團隊中扮演特定的角色，能支持和達成團隊協(xié)定的目標。打個最簡單的比方，一個企業(yè)團隊就好比一個運動隊。足球隊有兩個主要目標，一是進球，一是阻止對手進球。足球運動中，每一方有十一名隊員，還有差不多相同數(shù)量的替補隊員。場外還有其他不可或缺的成員，如教練和隊醫(yī)等。close 4RT Every member of the team has a very specific role — as a captain, goalkeeper, striker, midfielder or defender.Every member of the team is vital to the success of the team.If there is one player missing, the team is handicapped.If one player does not perform to the best of his or her ability, the team is handicapped.球隊的每一個成員都扮演著特定的角色，如隊長、守門員、前鋒和中場防守球員。每一個隊員對整個球隊的成功都有至關(guān)重要的意義。任何一名隊員缺陣，全隊表現(xiàn)都會受到影響。任何一名隊員不全力以赴，全隊也會受到拖累。close 5RT The captain is there to give direction to the team, in strategy, motivation and inspiration.But he or she also has to play as part of the team.Egos do not play any part in teamwork.If one's ego gets in the way, such as if one player wants to score a goal and be a hero, he or she may take rash actions instead of maybe letting another person score or helping to create the opportunity to score.隊長的作用是給全隊提供方向，包括戰(zhàn)略、動力和靈感方面的，但他/她同時也應該是整隊的一分子。自我主義在團隊合作中沒有立足之地。如果一個人的自我意識干擾了他她的思維，比如某個隊員想要進球、出風頭，他她可能會魯莽行動，而不是助攻或讓隊友射門。close 6RT Similarly in the corporate world, each company has its clearly defined goals.Usually these are not as easily specified as in a football match.And it is the job of every employee to ensure that these goals are met.Every member of the corporate team should have specific roles and responsibilities in view of achieving these goals.企業(yè)界的情況也類似，每一個公司都應該有清晰界定的目標，不過這些目標通常不會像足球比賽中那么清楚具體。每個員工都有責任去確保實現(xiàn)這些目標，公司團隊的每個成員應該相應地有具體的目標和責任范圍。close 7RT There can only be one captain of the company, and he or she should be responsible for giving leadership and guidance to the team members.The leader should also continuously communicate the overall business strategy, as well as providing motivation and inspiration to the team.The leader has to have the loyalty of the team.If the team is not loyal or has no respect for the leader, the members of the team will not listen to the captain and the objectives of the company would not be achieved.公司里只能有一個“隊長”，其責任就是領(lǐng)導和指揮團隊成員，不斷地與團隊就整體策略進行溝通，并為成員提供動力與靈感。領(lǐng)導應該能令整個團隊忠實于他。如果團隊不忠心或不尊重領(lǐng)導，團隊成員就不會聽從“隊長”指揮，公司的目標也就無從實現(xiàn)。close 8RT In every action of the team, the objectives of the company, and / or, business strategy, MUST be first and foremost.The success of the team relies completely on every member of the team carrying out their roles and responsibilities in line with the direction of the leader.There has to be a “oneness” of the corporate culture.There is no room in the company for anyone who does not share the same corporate goals or objectives.在團隊的每個行動中，務必將公司的目標或商業(yè)策略放在首要位置。團隊能否成功，完全取決于團隊每個成員是否能完成自己的角色任務和責任，能否與領(lǐng)導的指揮保持一致。企業(yè)文化中必須有“一致性”，公司中絕不允許某個人的目標或目的與公司的共同目標不一致。close 9RT Being a team player does not mean that you do not have any ideas of your own.It does not mean you should always agree with the rest of the team.It does not mean that you should merely follow the herd.There are times when your vision may differ from the vision of the company, the leader or the rest of the team.It may be a valid vision and if you believe in it strongly enough, you should share it with the rest of the team.Your idea may complement the corporate objectives and goals.Or it may not.If the leader is a competent one, he or she will assess it on its merits and not let ego get in the way.However, should the team not agree with your vision, don't take it personally.具有團隊精神并不意味著你不可以有自己的想法，也不意味著你應該總是附和其他隊員或者只是隨大流。有時，你的想法也許與公司、領(lǐng)導或是團隊的其他成員的看法不一致。也許是一個值得一試的想法，如果你很有信心，就應該與團隊其他成員分享。你的想法也許可以補充公司的目的與目標，也許不可以。如果領(lǐng)導稱職的話，他/她就會客觀評價這個想法，而不會令自我意識在那里作祟。不過，要是團隊不贊同你的想法，也不要覺得是人身攻擊。close

10RT They may find the idea inappropriate, not YOU personally.Don't take it as a sign of personal rejection.A good leader should be able to communicate this to a team member, but if he or she doesn't, and it turns out as appearing to be a rebuff, don't lose heart.If the team found YOU inappropriate, you would be the first to know.If your leader or team members see that you can handle rejection of your ideas in a mature manner, it is only to your own credit.他們也許覺得這個想法不合適，而不是覺得你這個人不行，所以你不要覺得這是針對個人的。一個優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導應該能夠?qū)⑦@種情況與隊員溝通，但就算他/她沒有這么做，讓你感覺受到了冷落，也不要灰心。如果團隊覺得你不行，那你自己肯定會最先察覺。要是領(lǐng)導或團隊成員看到你能成熟地應對自己的想法被拒絕，那只能對你有好處。close 11RT Don't be afraid to offer new ideas even seemingly crazy ones.Everyone in the team should feel free to offer ideas and not worry about them being dismissed.Usually when ideas are not taken up, people may take it as a personal rejection.Don't.Just accept it, and move on.There is work to be done.不要害怕提出新的想法，哪怕是表面看來有些瘋狂的也不要緊。團隊的每一個成員都應該無拘無束地提出想法而不擔心是否會被拒絕。通常情況下如果想法沒有被采納，人們會認為是針對個人的。不要這么想。接受事實，然后繼續(xù)前進。工作總是要做的。close 12RT The pleasure of working in an environment where every member of the team is a team player is unparalleled.If you are not enjoying your working environment, chances are high that your team is also not working well.Ask yourself this: 在每個成員都有團隊協(xié)作精神的環(huán)境里工作，那種愉悅是無與倫比的。如果你不喜歡現(xiàn)在的工作環(huán)境，多半是因為你的團隊運作不好，問問你自己：close 13RT Are you a team player?

你有團隊合作精神嗎？close 14RT Are your own objectives in line with those of the team?

你與團隊的目標一致嗎？close 15RT Are your team objectives in line with those of the company? If not, why not? 你的團隊與公司的目標一致嗎？如果不一致，原因在哪里？close

2-8 Did You Have a Tough Childhood? Jill Ammon-Wexler close1RT Many claim unhappy and terrible childhood experiences “damage” people in their adult years.But is this necessarily true? Actually, just the opposite seems to be true.Intense difficulties, hardships and major obstacles are actually often major contributors to success.It's true that difficult childhoods do leave some people wounded and disadvantaged.But for others, a tough childhood actually drives them to remarkable achievement and success!你經(jīng)歷了不幸的童年嗎？

吉爾?安蒙-韋克斯勒

很多人聲稱，童年時代的嚴重創(chuàng)傷，會對成年生活造成災難性影響。果真如此嗎？其實，事實剛好相反！重大的困難、艱辛和障礙，往往能造就成功。的確，不幸的童年會使一些人傷痕累累，處于不利的位置。但對另外一些人而言，不幸的童年反而會促使他們?nèi)〉卯惡鯇こ５某删停lose 2RT In a classic book entitled Cradles of Eminence, researchers reviewed the childhood family life of 700 of the world's most successful people.Their goal was to identify the early experiences that contributed to the remarkable achievements of these successful people.All of their “research subjects” are widely known for their personal accomplishments.Their names are easily recognizable: Franklin D.Roosevelt, Helen Keller, Winston Churchill, Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, etc.在經(jīng)典作品《偉人的搖籃》一書中，研究者們考查了全球最為突出的700名成功人士的童年生活。他們的目標是要找出哪些早期經(jīng)歷有助于這些成功人士取得非凡成就。他們所有的“研究對象”都是因個人成就而蜚聲全球的。這些名字都廣為人知：富蘭克林?D?羅斯福，海倫?凱勒，溫斯頓?丘吉爾，阿爾伯特?愛因斯坦，西格蒙德?弗洛伊德，等等。close 3RT What they discovered is truly fascinating!Three-quarters of these successful people(525 of the 700)came from deeply troubled childhoods.They had endured extreme poverty, broken homes, and even parental abuse.Over one-fourth(199 of the 700)had to deal with very serious physical handicaps such as deafness, blindness or crippled limbs.And over 80% of those who became successful writers and playwrights had watched their own parents struggle with intense psychological dramas.研究結(jié)果真的非常有意思！700名成功人士中，有四分之三（525名）有過極其不幸的童年。他們經(jīng)歷過極端的貧困，破碎的家庭，甚至父母的虐待。超過四分之一的人（700人當中有199名）有嚴重的生理殘障如失聰、失明或肢體殘障。成功的作家及劇作家中，有80％曾目睹了自己的父母經(jīng)歷失和的一些戲劇性場面。close 4RT Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, a former US “First Lady” provides an excellent example.Anna lost her parents at the age of 10, and had a very unpleasant childhood.As a young girl she was painfully aware of being very homely.And her childhood writings reveal she never had a sense of “belonging” anywhere, or to anyone.But as she matured, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt

refused to remain “disadvantaged”.She hauled herself up by her own bootstraps and began to strive for a higher, more powerful consciousness.安娜?埃莉諾?羅斯福，前美國“第一夫人”，就是一個極好的例子。安娜10歲時失去了雙親，童年痛苦不堪。少女時，她就痛苦地意識到自己長相平庸。她童年的習作表明，她從來沒有“歸屬感”，覺得自己不屬于任何地方或任何人。但隨著她慢慢成熟，安娜?埃莉諾?羅斯福拒絕一直“處于劣勢”。她依靠自己的努力，著手提高自身的覺悟。close 5RT After marrying Franklin D.Roosevelt, she ended up courageously nursing her husband through crippling polio.Then when he was elected to the US Presidency in the depth of the Great Depression, Mrs.Roosevelt quickly transformed the position of First Lady.As First Lady, she became an outspoken supporter for the disadvantaged people of all races, religions and countries.At the same time, she helped her husband manage the White House and raised six children.嫁給富蘭克林?羅斯福后，她需要照料小兒麻痹性后遺癥的丈夫，她一直堅強地面對。后來，他臨危受命，在經(jīng)濟大蕭條最嚴重時當選美國總統(tǒng)，羅斯福夫人迅速完成了“第一夫人”的角色轉(zhuǎn)換。作為第一夫人，她公開發(fā)言支持所有被踐踏的種族、宗教和國家，同時還打理著白宮，并撫育六個子女。close 6RT After her husband's death, she spent the remainder of her life as a highly respected American spokesperson to the United Nations.At her death, this shy, disadvantaged, homely and withdrawn young woman had become one of the most loved and respected women of her entire generation.丈夫去世后，她就一直作為美國在聯(lián)合國的發(fā)言人，極其受人尊重，直到生命結(jié)束。她辭世時，這位年輕時一度靦腆羞澀、身處困境、長相平平、性格內(nèi)向的女性，已成為她那一代人中最受愛戴的女性之一。close 7RT Why did this happen? Eleanor Roosevelt made a personal choice to lift herself beyond her perceived “l(fā)imitations”.She displayed a tough, unyielding courage, tempered by remarkable self-control and self-discipline.事情為什么會變成這樣呢？埃莉諾?羅斯福做出了自己的選擇，要用自己的力量超越想象中的“局限”。她非凡的自控和自律造就了堅強不屈的勇氣。close 8RT Obstacles and hardships do NOT have to lead to failure.Scientific evidence has proven that “well-being” is NOT always an advantage for either plants or animals.Where there is no challenge, obstacle or hardship, growth and development is often limited.Biologists refer to this as the “adversity principle”.障礙和困難未必一定會導致失敗！科學證據(jù)表明，“安逸”并不一定總是優(yōu)勢，動植物都是如此。沒有挑戰(zhàn)、障礙或困難，成長和發(fā)展常常會受到限制。生物學家稱之為“逆境原則”。close 9RT Consider Lou Gehrig: Lou was such a clumsy kid that the boys in his neighborhood wouldn't let him play on their baseball team.But he tapped into his resources of inner courage and determination.Lou Gehrig is today listed in the baseball “Hall of Fame” as one of the greatest ball players of all time.試看盧?格里克：盧小時候笨手笨腳，附近的男孩都不讓他參加自己的棒球隊，但他轉(zhuǎn)而找到內(nèi)在的勇氣和決心。如今，盧?格里克名列棒球“名人堂”，被視為有史以來最偉大的球類運動員之一。close 10RT Then there was Woodrow Wilson, who couldn't read until he was ten years old.Wilson went on in his life to become the twenty-eighth President of the United States.Thomas Edison was deaf.Booker T.Washington was born in slavery, and a “club foot” crippled Lord Byron.The famous writer Robert Louis Stevenson had tuberculosis.Alexander Pope had a hunchback.Yet each of these individuals became famous historic figures in spite of their handicaps.還有伍德羅?威爾遜，十歲才開始識字。威爾遜后來成了美國第二十八任總統(tǒng)。托馬斯?愛迪生是聾子。布克?T?華盛頓生而為奴，拜倫爵士天生足部畸形。著名作家羅伯特?路易斯?史蒂文森身患結(jié)核病。亞歷山大?蒲柏是駝背。但盡管殘疾在身，這些人每一個都青史留名。close 11RT Helen Keller, who could not hear or see, transformed an entire nation when she graduated with honors from college.She is still a source of inspiration for millions.Then there's Ludwig van Beethoven.Beethoven began to lose his hearing in his 20s, and was completely deaf by 50.Yet he created some of the world's most beautiful music.Beethoven was once overheard shouting at the top of his voice, “I will take life by the throat!” 海倫?凱勒，既聾又盲，以優(yōu)異成績從大學畢業(yè)時，舉國轟動。數(shù)以百萬計人至今仍視她為靈感的源泉。還有路德維希?凡?貝多芬。貝多芬二十多歲時聽力就開始下降，50歲時完全失聰，但他創(chuàng)造了世界上最美妙的音樂。有人曾聽見貝多芬高喊，“我要扼住命運的咽喉！”close 12RT Your attitude toward any perceived personal “handicap” determines its impact on your life.This IS your life!Why not make it all it can be? To become all we can be, we MUST stop making excuses.Use any personal adversity or perceived limitations to do what Beethoven did: Grab life by the throat!And this is a good day to take action to claim more of your true potential.Get past your “old stuff”, my friend, and fire yourself up!If not now, when? 不管你有任何“殘障”，它對你生活的影響將取決于你的態(tài)度。這就是你的生活！為什么不盡自己所能呢？要發(fā)掘我們的全部潛力，我們就不能再編造借口。面對任何逆境或想象中的局限，以貝多芬為榜樣：攫住命運的咽喉！今天就是一個好日子，開始行動，實現(xiàn)更多真正的潛能。忘記“舊事”，我的朋友，讓自己振奮起來！此時不動，更待何時？close

第二篇：新世紀大學英語課文翻譯--1-

新世紀大學英語課文翻譯

第一冊

Unit 1 A Language Teacher’s Personal Opinion

Will Pidcroft 一名語言教師的個人看法

Every day I see advertisements in the newspaper and on the buses claiming that it is easy to learn English.According to these advertisements, with very little effort on the student’s part, he will be able to speak the language fluently in three months or even ten days.There is often a reference to Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to encourage him even more.When I see advertisements like this, I don’t know whether to laugh or cry.If it were as easy to learn English as they say, I would have to look for another job, because very few qualified teachers would be needed.But a large number of people must believe these ridiculous claims, or else the advertisements would not appear.我每天都會在報紙上、公共汽車上看到各種廣告，聲稱輕輕松松就能學好英語。這些廣告號稱，學生不必費什么力氣，要說一口流利的英語只需短短3個月，甚至10天就行。廣告還常常提到威廉·莎士比亞和查爾斯·狄更斯等英語文學大師的名號來增強吸引力。每當看到諸如此類的廣告時，我真是哭笑不得：如果學英語真像這些廣告所說的那么輕松，我恐怕得另謀出路了，因為不需要那么多合格的英語教師了。但是肯定有許多人相信這些可笑的噱頭，不然的話這些廣告也不可能出現(xiàn)。

It is natural for students to be attracted to methods that will teach them as quickly and efficiently and cheaply as possible.But it is difficult for anyone to explain in simple language why one method is better than another, and it is no use pretending that anyone has discovered a perfect way of teaching English in every possible situation.Some experts even argue that there are many good methods of teaching a language as there are good teachers, because every teacher is an individual with his own personality.No doubt this is true to a certain extent, but it is not very helpful to students.學生們喜歡實惠的速成學習方法也在情理之中，但要用淺顯易懂的語言去解釋為什么某一方法比另一方法更有效并不是一件簡單的事，而且也無需裝模作樣地聲稱有什么人已經(jīng)找到了一個萬能的適合所有學習環(huán)境的教學方法。一些專家甚至認為，有多少個好老師就有多少種好的教學方法，因為每一個老師都有其自身的特點。這種說法無疑是有幾分道理的，但對學生來說不是很有幫助。

For a long time people believed that the only way to learn a language was to spend a great deal of time in a country where it was spoken.Of course it is clear that students who go to England to learn English have a great advantage over others, but a larger number of students cannot afford to do so.Some students go to the opposite extreme and think they can teach themselves at home with dictionaries.But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language and vice versa, and it is impossible for any translation method to provide students with the natural forms of a language in speech, let alone produce good pronunciation and intonation.有很長一段時間，人們認為要學好一門語言，只有去使用那種語言的國家待上一段時間。當然去英國、美國、或者澳大利亞等國家學英語的學生肯定比那些不能去的學生具有很大優(yōu)勢，但是很多學生支付不起那筆費用。有些學生走向另一極端：他們認為可以借助詞典在家自學。如果你認為英語中的每一個詞在另一語言中都有完全對等的詞（或反之亦然），那就錯了。通過翻譯法來給學生講解口語的自然形式是不可能的，更不要說做到語音、語調(diào)地道了。

A great deal of teaching is still based on behaviourist psychology.Behaviourists are fond of making students repeat phrases and making them do exercises where they continually have to change one word in a sentence.If we were parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successful.A large number of theorists seem to think it is a pity we aren’t, because it would make it easier to use their methods.現(xiàn)在大量的教學活動還是建立在行為主義心理學的基礎(chǔ)之上。行為主義者熱衷于讓學生復述短語，不斷做一些只需更換句中某個詞的練習。假如我們是鸚鵡或黑猩猩，那這些方法或許能奏效，可惜我們不是，這似乎讓很多理論家引以為憾，否則他們提出的那些方法用起來就會容易得多了。

In my personal opinion, no one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested in it.Human beings, unlike parrots and chimpanzees, do not like making noises unless they understand what the noises mean and can relate them to their own lives.It is worth remembering that language is a means of communication.What people want to say and write in another language is probably very similar to what they want to say and write in their own.What they listen to and read cannot be a formula.It must be real.我個人認為，假如沒有興趣，任何人都不可能學好英語或其他任何語言。與鸚鵡或黑猩猩不同，人類不會無緣無故地發(fā)出噪音，除非他們明白這些聲音是什么意思，并且能將其與自己的生活聯(lián)系起來。值得牢記的是：語言是一種交際手段，人們在母語中怎么說怎么寫，用另一種語言表達時也大同小異。因此，人們所聽所讀的不應該是程式化的東西，聽的讀的材料必須真實自然。

There is another relevant point worth mentioning here.We need other people to talk to and listen to when we communicate.If what we are learning is strange to us, it will be helpful if there are other students around us who can work with us and practise the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life in real language.還有一個相關(guān)的問題值得一提：在交際時我們需要有交談或傾聽的對象。在學習較生疏的內(nèi)容時，如果有其他學生和我們在實戰(zhàn)中一起學習和練習那些陌生的語言形式，用真實的語言去談論真實的生活，那一定會受益匪淺。

Unit 2 The Doctor's Son Harold EppleywithRochelle Melander My parents moved toVermontwhen I was still aninfant.Asoft-spokenman, my fathersettled quietly intohis medical practice in a small town calledEnosburg.Soon thelocalpeople accepted him as one of their own.Word passes quickly in smallVermonttowns.They know good people when they meet them.Around town the neighbors greeted my father as “Doc Eppley.” And I soon learned that as long as I lived in Enosburg I would always be known as “Doctor Eppley's son”.On the first day of school, my classmates crowded around me because I was the doctor's son.“If you're anything like your father, you'll be a smart boy,” my first-grade teacher said.I couldn't stop Beaming.Somewherein themidstofmy teenage years, however, something changed.I was sixteen years old and the neighbors still called me “Doctor Eppley's son.” They said that I was growing up to be an honorableandindustriousyoung man, living an honest life just like my father.I groaned whenever I heard their compliments.I wondered how I would everfit in withmy teenage friends.I hated being followed by my father's good name.And so when strangers asked me if I was Doctor Eppley's son, I replied emphatically, “My name is Harold.And I can manage quite wellon my own.” As an act of rebellion, I began to call my father by his first name,Sam.“Why are you acting sostubbornlately?” my father asked me one day in the midst of anargument.“Well, Sam,” I replied, “I suppose that bothers you.”

“You know it hurts me when you call me Sam,” my father shouted.“Well, it hurts me when everybody expects me to be just like you.I don't want to be perfect.I want to be myself.”

I survivedmy last years of high school until finally I turned eighteen.The next fall Ienrolledin college.I chose toattenda school far from Enosburg, a place where nobody called me “Doctor Eppley's son.” One night at college I sat with a group of students in thedormitoryas we shared stories about our lives.We began to talk about the things we hated most about ourchildhoods.“That's easy,” I said.“I couldn't stand growing up in a town where everybody alwayscompared me with my father.”

The girl sitting next to mefrowned.“I don't understand,” she said.“I'd be proud to have a father who's so well respected.” Her eyes filled with tears as she continued,“I'd give anything tobe called my father's child.But I don't know where he is.He left my mother when I was only four.”

There was anawkwardsilence, and then I changed the subject.I wasn't ready to hear her words.I returned home for winter break that year, feeling proud of myself.In four months at college, I had made a number of new friends.I had become popularin my own right, without my father's help.For two weeks I enjoyed being back in Enosburg.The maintopicof interest at home was my father's new car.“Let me take it out for a drive,” I said.My father agreed, but not without his usual warning,“Be careful.”

I glaredat him.“Sam, I'm sick ofbeing treated like a child.I'm in college now.Don't you think I know how to drive?”

I could see the hurt in my father's face, and I remembered how much he hated it whenever I called him “Sam.” “All right then,” he replied.Ihoppedinto the car and headed down the road,savoringthe beauty of the Vermont countryside.My mind waswandering.At a busyintersection, I hit the car right in front of mine before I knew it.The woman in the car jumped out screaming: “Youidiot!Why didn't you look where you were going?”

I surveyedthe damage.Both cars hadsustainedseriousdents.I sat there like aguiltychild as the woman continuedcomplaining.“It's your fault,” she shouted.I couldn'tprotest.My knees began to shake.Ichokedbackmy tears.“Do you haveinsurance? Can you pay for this? Who are you?” she kept asking.“Who are you?”

I panickedand, without thinking, shouted, “I'm Doctor Eppley's son.”

I sat t here stunned.I couldn't believe what I had just said.Almost immediately, the woman's frown became a smile ofrecognition.“I'm sorry,” she replied, “I didn't realize who you were.” An hour later, I drove my father'sbatterednew car back home.With my head down and my knees still shaking, Itrudgedinto the house.I explained what had happened.“Are you hurt?” he asked.“No,” I replied.“Good,” he answered.Then he turned and headed toward the door.“Harold,” he said as he was leaving, “Hold your head up.”

That night wasNew Year'sEve, and my family attended a small party with friends to celebrate the beginning of another year.When midnight arrived, people cheered and greeted each other.Across the room I saw my father.I stepped toward him.My father and Irarelyhug.But recalling the day's events, I wrappedmy arms around his shoulders.And I spoke his real name for the first time in years.I said, “Thank you, Dad.Happy New Year.”

醫(yī)生的兒子

我還是個嬰兒的時候，我的父母親搬到了佛蒙特州。我那溫文爾雅的父親在一個名叫伊諾斯堡的小鎮(zhèn)上毫不張揚地開業(yè)行醫(yī)了。很快，當?shù)厝司桶阉敵闪俗约喝恕Ｔ诜鹈商刂莸男℃?zhèn)上，消息傳播得很快。人們分得清誰是好人。鄰居們都稱我的父親為埃普利醫(yī)生。我很快意識到，只要我住在伊諾斯堡鎮(zhèn)，我就永遠只是“埃普利醫(yī)生的兒子”。

入學的第一天，同學們就簇擁著我，因為我是醫(yī)生的兒子。“要是你多少有點像你父親的話，你就會是個聰明的孩子。”我的一年級老師這么說。我忍不住眉開眼笑。

?可是在我十幾歲的時候，事情起了變化。?我都十六歲了，鄰居們還是稱呼我“埃普利醫(yī)生的兒子”。他們說我長大了一定會是一個可敬又勤勞的年輕人，會像我父親那樣過著體面的生活。每當我聽到這些贊美，我都很不以為然地哼哼幾聲。

我不知道自己怎樣才能融入我那些少年朋友的圈子。我討厭父親的好名聲像影子一樣跟著我。所以當陌生人問起我是不是埃普利醫(yī)生的兒子時，我會帶著強調(diào)的口氣說：“我叫哈羅德。我自己能管好自己的事。”出于反叛，我開始對父親直呼其名，不叫他“爸爸”，而叫他“薩姆”。

“你最近為什么這么犟？”有次爭吵時，我父親這樣問我。

“哼，薩姆。我想你難過了吧！”

“你知道的，你叫我薩姆讓我很傷心。”我父親大聲地說。

“哦，那人人都指望我像你一樣，也很讓我傷心呢。我不要完美，我只想做我自己。”

我好不容易挨完高中，總算滿了十八歲。第二年秋天我上了大學。我選中了一所遠離伊諾斯堡的學校，一個沒人管我叫“埃普利醫(yī)生的兒子”的地方。

在大學里，有天晚上我和一幫學生在宿舍聊起我們的生活。我們開始談起我們童年最討厭的事情。“想都不用想，”我說，“我受不了在一個每個人都拿我跟我父親比的地方生活。”

坐在我身邊的女孩皺起眉頭說：“這我就不理解了。要是有這么個令人尊敬的父親我一定會很驕傲的。”她的眼里噙著淚繼續(xù)說，“要是有人把我叫做我父親的孩子，那我會不惜一切地珍重這榮譽！但我不知道他在哪里。他拋棄了我的母親,那時我才四歲。”

大家陷入了尷尬的沉默，然后我轉(zhuǎn)開了話題。她的話我當時還聽不進去。

那年寒假我回了家，心中充滿了自豪感。在大學的四個月中，我交了好些朋友。我沒有靠父親，而是靠自己的本事贏得了眾人的歡心。

回到伊諾斯堡的兩個星期里，我一直都很高興。父親的新車成了家里人感興趣的話題。

“讓我開出去轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)。”我說。

父親同意了，但跟往常一樣提醒我，“小心點。”

我瞪了他一眼，“薩姆，我討厭你老把我當成個孩子。我都上大學了。你以為我不會開車啊？”

從父親的臉上看得出我傷了他的心，也想起每次直呼“薩姆”時他是多么不高興。

“那去吧。”他說。

我跳進車里，?沿路開去，?享受著佛蒙特鄉(xiāng)間的美麗風景。我有點心神不定。在一個繁忙的十字路口，不知怎么地就跟我前面的車撞了個正著。

車里的婦人跳出來尖叫，“你這個白癡！你開車難道不看路嗎？”

我看了一眼，兩輛車都被撞蹩了。

我像個犯了錯的孩子一樣，坐在那兒聽著那婦人不停地抱怨。“全怪你！”她尖叫道。我無法反駁，雙腿發(fā)抖，淚水在眼眶里轉(zhuǎn)。她不停地問，“你是誰？”

我害怕起來，?想也沒想就叫道，?“我是埃普利醫(yī)生的兒子。”

我坐在那里驚呆了。我簡直不相信我自己會這么說。幾乎同時，?婦人皺起的眉頭變成了似曾相識的笑容。“對不起。?”她答道，“我剛才不知道你是誰。”

一小時后，我開著被撞破了的車回了家。我低著頭，邁著發(fā)顫的雙腿，?拖著步子走進家門。?我解釋了所發(fā)生的一切。

“受傷了嗎？”他問。

“沒有。”我回答。

“那就好。”他答道，然后轉(zhuǎn)身向門口走去。“哈羅德，抬起頭來。”他邊走邊說。

那晚是除夕之夜，我們?nèi)遗c朋友參加了一個小型晚會慶祝新年。午夜來臨，每個人都歡呼并互相祝福。我看到父親在房間的另一頭，我向他走去。父親與我很少擁抱，但我想起了白天的事，我用雙臂摟著他的肩膀，很多年來第一次用他“真實的”名字來稱呼他。我說，“謝謝你，爸爸。新年快樂！”

第三篇：新世紀大學英語讀寫第一冊課文翻譯

When we are writing we are often told to keep our readers in mind, to shape what we say to fit their tastes and interests.But there is one reader in particular who should not be forgotten.Can you guess who? Russell Baker surprised himself and everyone else when he discovered the answer.我們寫作時常常被告誡，腦子里要有讀者，筆者所云一定要符合讀者的口味和興趣。但有一位讀者特別不該忘記。你能猜出是誰嗎？當拉塞爾·貝克找到這個問題的答案時，他自己和別人都感到大為驚訝。

Writing for Myself Russell Baker 1 The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn't until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold.Until then I've been bored by everything associated with English courses.I found English grammar dull and difficult.I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write.為自己而寫 拉塞爾·貝克

從孩提時代，我還住在貝爾維爾時，我的腦子里就斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地轉(zhuǎn)著當作家的念頭，但直等到我高中三年級，這一想法才有了實現(xiàn)的可能。在這之前，我對所有跟英文課沾邊的事都感到膩味。我覺得英文語法枯燥難懂。我痛恨那些長而乏味的段落寫作，老師讀著受累，我寫著痛苦。When our class was assigned to Mr.Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects.Mr.Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness and inability to inspire.He was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date.To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim.He wore primly severe eyeglasses, his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed.He wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts.He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique.弗利格爾先生接我們的高三英文課時，我就準備著在這門最最單調(diào)乏味的課上再熬上沉悶的一年。弗利格爾先生在學生中以其說話干巴和激勵學生無術(shù)而出名。據(jù)說他拘謹刻板，完全落后于時代。我看他有六七十歲了，古板之極。他戴著古板的毫無裝飾的眼鏡，微微卷曲的頭發(fā)剪得筆齊，梳得紋絲不亂。他身穿古板的套裝，領(lǐng)帶端端正正地頂著白襯衣的領(lǐng)扣。他長著古板的尖下巴，古板的直鼻梁，說起話來一本正經(jīng)，字斟句酌，彬彬有禮，活脫脫一個滑稽的老古董。I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr.Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed.Late in the year we tackled the informal essay.Mr.Fleagle distributed a homework sheet offering us a choice of topics.None was quite so simple-minded as “What I Did on My Summer Vacation,” but most seemed to be almost as dull.I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due.Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it.The topic on which my eye stopped was “The Art of Eating Spaghetti”.我作好準備，打算在弗利格爾先生的班上一無所獲地混上一年，不少日子過去了，還真不出所料。后半學期我們學寫隨筆小品文。弗利格爾先生發(fā)下一張家庭作業(yè)紙，出了不少題目供我們選擇。像“暑假二三事”那樣傻乎乎的題目倒是一個也沒有，但絕大多數(shù)一樣乏味。我把作文題帶回家，一直沒寫，直到要交作業(yè)的前一天晚上。我躺在沙發(fā)上，最終不得不面對這一討厭的功課，便從筆記本里抽出作文題目單粗粗一看。我的目光落在“吃意大利細面條的藝術(shù)”這個題目上。This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images.Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper tableand Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper.Spaghetti was still a little known foreign dish in those days.Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it.All the good humor of Uncle Allen's house reawoke in my mind as I recalled the laughing arguments we had that night about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth.這個題目在我腦海里喚起了一連串不同尋常的圖像。貝爾維爾之夜的清晰的回憶如潮水一般涌來，當時，我們大家一起圍坐在晚餐桌旁——艾倫舅舅、我母親、查理舅舅、多麗絲、哈爾舅舅——帕特舅媽晚飯做的是意大利細面條。那時意大利細面條還是很少聽說的異國食品。多麗絲和我都還從來沒吃過，在座的大人也是經(jīng)驗不足，沒有一個吃起來得心應手的。艾倫舅舅家詼諧有趣的場景全都重現(xiàn)在我的腦海中，我回想起來，當晚我們笑作一團，爭論著該如何地把面條從盤子上送到嘴里才算合乎禮儀。Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr.Fleagle.It was a moment I wanted to recapture and hold for myself.I wanted to relive the pleasure of that evening.To write it as I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of formal composition I'd learned in school, and Mr.Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade.Never mind.I would write something else for Mr.Fleagle after I had written this thing for myself.突然我就想描述那一切，描述當時那種溫馨美好的氣氛，但我把它寫下來僅僅是想自得其樂，而不是為弗利格爾先生而寫。那是我想重新捕捉并珍藏在心中的一個時刻。我想重溫那個夜晚的愉快。然而，照我希望的那樣去寫，就會違反我在學校里學的正式作文的種種法則，弗利格爾先生也肯定會打它一個不及格。沒關(guān)系。等我為自己寫好了之后，我可以再為弗利格爾先生寫點什么別的東西。When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr.Fleagle.There was no choice next morning but to turn in my tale of the Belleville supper.Two days passed before Mr.Fleagle returned the graded papers, and he returned everyone's but mine.I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr.Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for the class's attention.等我寫完時已是半夜時分，再沒時間為弗利格爾先生寫一篇循規(guī)蹈矩、像模像樣的文章了。第二天上午，我別無選擇，只好把我為自己而寫的貝爾維爾晚餐的故事交了上去。兩天后弗利格爾先生發(fā)還批改過的作文，他把別人的都發(fā)了，就是沒有我的。我正準備著遵命一放學就去弗利格爾先生那兒挨訓，卻看見他從桌上拿起我的作文，敲了敲桌子讓大家注意聽。7 “Now, boys,” he said.“I want to read you an essay.This is titled, 'The Art of Eating Spaghetti.'” “好了，孩子們，”他說。“我要給你們念一篇小品文。文章的題目是：吃意大利細面條的藝術(shù)。And he started to read.My words!He was reading my words out loud to the entire class.What's more, the entire class was listening.Listening attentively.Then somebody laughed, then the entire class was laughing, and not in contempt and ridicule, but with open-hearted enjoyment.Even Mr.Fleagle stopped two or three times to hold back a small prim smile.于是他開始念了。是我寫的！他給全班大聲念我寫的文章。更不可思議的是，全班同學都在聽著他念，而且聽得很專心。有人笑出聲來，接著全班都笑了，不是輕蔑嘲弄，而是樂乎乎地開懷大笑。就連弗利格爾先生也停頓了兩三次，好抑制他那一絲拘謹?shù)奈⑿Α did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure delight at this demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh.In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling.It was the happiest moment of my entire school career.When Mr.Fleaglefinished he put the final seal on my happiness by saying, ”Now that, boys, is an essay, don't you see.It'sit's of the very essence of the essay, don't you see.Congratulations, Mr.Baker.“ 我盡力不流露出得意的心情，但是看到我寫的文章竟然能使別人大笑，我真是心花怒放。就在十一年級，可謂是最后的時刻，我找到了一個今生想做的事。這是我整個求學生涯中最幸福的一刻。弗利格爾先生念完后說道：”瞧，孩子們，這就是小品文，懂了沒有。這才是——知道嗎——這才是小品文的精髓，知道了沒有。祝賀你，貝克先生。“他這番話使我沉浸在十全十美的幸福之中。

How do you feel when old friends are far away? Do you make an effort to keep in touch? Sometimes it is easy to put off writing a letter, thinking that there will be plenty of time tomorrow.But then sometimes, as this story shows, we leave it too late.Perhaps reading it will make you want to reach for your pen.老朋友天各一方，你心有何感？你是否努力保持聯(lián)系？有時候?qū)懶诺氖潞苋菀讜煌显偻希傄詾槊魈煊械氖菚r間。然而，正如這則故事所表明的，有時我們拖得太晚了。也許讀一讀這個故事會讓你提起筆來。

All the Cabbie Had Was a Letter Foster Furcolo 1 He must have been completely lost in something he was reading because I had to tap on the windshield to get his attention.出租車司機擁有的就剩一封信

福斯特·弗克洛

他準是完全沉浸在所讀的東西里了，因為我不得不敲擋風玻璃來引起他的注意。”Is your cab available?“ I asked when he finally looked up at me.He nodded, then said apologetically as I settled into the back seat, ”I'm sorry, but I was reading a letter.“ He sounded as if he had a cold or something.他總算抬頭看我了。“你出車嗎？”我問道。他點點頭，當我坐進后座時，他抱歉地說：“對不起，我在讀一封信。”聽上去他像是得了感冒什么的。3 ”I'm in no hurry,“ I told him.”Go ahead and finish your letter.“ “我不著急，”我對他說，“你接著把信讀完吧。” He shook his head.”I've read it several times already.I guess I almost know it by heart.“ 他搖了搖頭。“我已經(jīng)讀了好幾遍了。我想我都能背出來了。” ”Letters from home always mean a lot,“ I said.”At least they do with me because I'm on the road so much.“ Then, estimating that he was 60 or 70 years old, I guessed: ”From a child or maybe a grandchild?“ “家書抵萬金啊，”我說。“至少對我來說是這樣，因為我老是在外旅行。”我估量他有六七十歲了，便猜測說：“是孩子還是孫子寫來的？” ”This isn't family,“ he replied.”Although,“ he went on, ”come to think of it, it might just as well have been family.Old Ed was my oldest friend.In fact, we used to call each other 'Old Friend'--when we'd meet, that is.I'm not much of a hand at writing.“ “不是家里人，”他回答說。“不過，”他接著說，“想起來，也可以算是一家人了。埃德老伙計是我最老的朋友了。實際上，過去我倆總是以‘老朋友’相稱的——就是說，當我倆相見時。我這人就是不大會寫東西。” ”I don't think any of us keep up our correspondence too well,“ I said.”I know I don't.But I take it he's someone you've known quite a while?“ “我看大家寫信都不那么勤快，”我說，“我自己筆頭就很懶。我看，你認識他挺久了吧？” 8 ”All my life, practically.We were kids together, so we go way back.“ “差不多認識了一輩子了。我倆小時候就一起玩，所以我倆的友誼確實很長了。” 9 ”Went to school together?“ “一起上的學？” ”All the way through high school.We were in the same class, in fact, through both grade and high school.“ “都一起上到高中呢。事實上，我倆從小學到高中都在一個班里。” 11 ”There are not too many people who've had such a long friendship,“ I said.“保持這么長久友誼的人可真不多見啊，”我說。”Actually,“ the driver went on, ”I hadn't seen him more than once or twice a year over the past 25 or 30 years because I moved away from the old neighborhood and you kind of lose touch even though you never forget.He was a great guy.“ “其實呢，”司機接著說，“近25到30年來，我跟他一年只見一兩次面，因為我從原來住的街區(qū)搬了出來，聯(lián)系自然就少了，雖說你一直放在心上。他在的時候可真是個大好人。” 13 ”You said 'was'.Does that mean-?“ “你剛才說他‘在的時候’。你是說——？” 14 He nodded.”Died a couple of weeks ago.“ 他點了點頭。“前幾個星期過世啦。” ”I'm sorry,“ I said.”It's no fun to lose any friend--and losing a real old one is even tougher.“ “真遺憾，”我說，“失去朋友真不是個滋味，失去個真正的老朋友更讓人受不了。” He didn't reply to that, and we rode on in silence for a few minutes.But I realized that Old Ed was still on his mind when he spoke again, almost more to himself than to me: ”I should have kept in touch.Yes,“ he repeated, ”I should have kept in touch.“ 他開著車，沒有接話兒。我們沉默了幾分鐘。可我知道他還在想著老埃德。他又開口時，與其說是跟我說話，還不如說是自言自語：“我真該一直保持聯(lián)系。真的，”他重復道，“我真該一直保持聯(lián)系。” ”well,“ I agreed, ”We should all keep in touch with old friends more than we do.But things come up and we just don't seem to find the time.“ “是啊，”我表示贊同，“我們都該與老朋友保持更多的聯(lián)系。不過總是有事情冒出來，好像就是抽不出空來。” He shrugged.”We used to find the time,“ he said.”That's even mentioned in the letter.“ He handed it over to me.”Take a look.“and mail it.我進了旅館房間之后，沒有馬上打開箱包。首先我得寫封信——而且要寄出去。

Professor Hawking thinks it important to keep everybody in touch with what science is about.In this article he explains why.霍金教授認為使每個人都了解科學是干什么的非常重要。在這篇文章中，他對其中的緣由作了解釋。

Public Attitudes Toward Science Stephen Hawking 1 Whether we like it or not, the world we live in has changed a great deal in the last hundred years, and it is likely to change even more in the next hundred.Some people would like to stop these changes and go back to what they see as a purer and simpler age.But as history shows, the past was not that wonderful.It was not so bad for a privileged minority, though even they had to do without modern medicine, and childbirth was highly risky for women.But for the vast majority of the population, life was nasty, brutish, and short.公眾科學觀

斯蒂芬·霍金

無論我們是否愿意，我們生活的世界在過去一百年間已經(jīng)變化了許多，而且在未來的一百年里可能變化更多。有人想中止這種種變化，回到那個他們認為更純潔更樸素的時代。但正如歷史所表明的，過去并非那么美妙。過去對享有特權(quán)的少數(shù)人不算太糟，但即便他們也無從享受現(xiàn)代醫(yī)療，而生育對婦女來說風險極大。對占人口大多數(shù)的民眾而言，生活是艱難、殘忍而又短暫的。Anyway, even if one wanted to, one couldn't put the clock back to an earlier age.Knowledge and techniques can't just be forgotten.Nor can one prevent further advances in the future.Even if all government money for research were cut off(and the present government is doing its best), the force of competition would still bring about advances in technology.Moreover, one cannot stop inquiring minds from thinking about basic science, whether or not they are paid for it.The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new,and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this wouldn't succeed.All it would do is slow down the rate of change.不管怎樣，即使有人想這么做，他也無法將時鐘撥回到早先的時代。知識與技術(shù)不可能說忘就忘了。也沒有人能阻止未來的進一步發(fā)展。即使所有用于研究的政府資金都被取消（現(xiàn)政府最擅此事），競爭的力量仍將繼續(xù)帶來技術(shù)的發(fā)展。更何況，沒有人能阻止探究求索之士去思索基礎(chǔ)科學，無論他們是否會為此得到酬勞。惟一能阻止進一步發(fā)展的辦法或許是一個壓制任何新事物的全球政府，但人類的進取心與創(chuàng)造力如此旺盛，即便這個政府也不會成功。它所能做到的只是延緩變化的速度。If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to ensure that the changes they make are in the right directions.In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science, so that it can make informed decisions and not leave them in the hands of experts.At the moment, the public is in two minds about science.It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of living that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesn't understand it.This distrust is evident in the cartoon figure of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein.It is also an important element behind support for the Green parties.But the public also has a great interest in science, particularly astronomy, as is shown by the large audiences for television series such as The Sky at Night and for science fiction.如果我們承認，我們無法阻止科學技術(shù)改變我們的世界，我們至少可以努力確保科技帶來的變化方向正確。在一個民主社會里，這意味著公眾需要對科學有一個基本的了解，從而可以作出明達的決定，而不是把決定留給專家去作。目前，公眾對科學存有矛盾之心。公眾期望科技新發(fā)展帶來的生活水準的穩(wěn)定提高能繼續(xù)，但又懷疑科學，因為他們不懂科學。那個在實驗室里設(shè)法制造弗蘭肯斯泰因的瘋狂的科學家的卡通人物清楚地體現(xiàn)了公眾的這種懷疑。這也是人們之所以支持各種綠色組織的一個重要因素。但公眾同時也對科學深感興趣，尤其是對天文學，諸如《夜空》之類的電視系列節(jié)目觀眾不少以及科幻小說讀者甚多就是明證。What can be done to harness this interest and give the public the scientific background it needs to make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering? Clearly, the basis must lie in what is taught in schools.But in schools science is often presented in a dry and uninteresting manner.Children learn it by rote to pass examinations, and they don't see its relevance to the world around them.Moreover, science is often taught in terms of equations.Although equations are a brief and accurate way of describing mathematical ideas, they frighten most people.When I wrote a popular book recently, I was advised that each equation I included would halve the sales.I included one equation, Einstein's famous equation, E=mc2.Maybe I would have sold twice as many copies without it.怎么樣才能利用這種興趣，向公眾提供所需要的科學知識，以便其在酸雨、溫室效應、核武器以及基因工程等問題上作出明達的決定呢？顯然，必須把基礎(chǔ)建立在學校課程上。但在學校里，科學往往被教得枯燥乏味。孩子們死記硬背應付考試，他們看不出科學與他們的周圍世界的聯(lián)系。更有甚者，科學常常是用公式來教的。雖然公式是闡述數(shù)學概念的一種簡單而精確的方式，它們卻使大多數(shù)人望而生畏。前不久我寫了一本通俗讀物，當時有人告誡我說，我每使用一個公式就會使銷量減半。我只使用了一個公式，即愛因斯坦那個著名的公式，E=mc2。如果不用這個公式的話，也許我能多賣出一倍的書。Scientists and engineers tend to express their ideas in the form of equations because they need to know the precise values of quantities.But for the rest of us, a qualitative grasp of scientific concepts is sufficient, and this can be conveyed by words and diagrams, without the use of equations.科學家和工程師傾向于用公式闡述觀點，因為他們需要知道量的精確值。但對我們其余的人來說，對科學概念有個質(zhì)的認識就已足夠，這可以用文字和圖表來表述，大可不必使用公式。6 The science people learn in school can provide the basic framework.But the rate of scientific progress is now so rapid that there are always new developments that have occurred since one was at school or university.I never learned about molecular biology or transistors at school, but genetic engineering and computers are two of the developments most likely to change the way we live in the future.Popular books and magazine articles about science can help to put across new developments, but even the most successful popular book is read by only a small proportion of the population.Only television can reach a truly mass audience.There are some very good science programmes on TV, but others present scientific wonders simply as magic, without explaining them or showing how they fit into the framework of scientific ideas.Producers of television science programmes should realize that they have a responsibility to educate the public, not just entertain it.人們在學校學到的科學知識可以提供一個基本的框架。但如今科學進步的速度如此之快，一個人離開學校或大學后新的發(fā)展層出不窮。我在學校從未學過分子生物學或晶體管，但基因工程和計算機是極有可能改變我們未來生活的兩項發(fā)展。有關(guān)科學的通俗讀物和雜志文章能幫助人們了解新發(fā)展，但即使是最暢銷的科普讀物也只有一小部分人閱讀。只有電視能贏得真正廣大的觀眾。電視上有一些相當優(yōu)秀的科學節(jié)目，但其他的節(jié)目把科學奇跡簡單地作為魔術(shù)播出，既不加以說明，也不展現(xiàn)它們與科學觀念的整體框架的關(guān)系。電視科學節(jié)目的制片人應該認識到，他們負有教育民眾的重任，而不僅僅是為他們提供娛樂。The world today is filled with dangers, hence the sick joke that the reason we have not been contacted by an alien civilization is that civilizations tend to destroy themselves when they reach our stage.But I have sufficient faith in the good sense of the public to believe that we might prove this wrong.當今世界充滿危險，因此就有了那個令人毛骨悚然的玩笑，說我們尚未受到外星文明造訪的原因在于：但凡文明發(fā)展到我們目前的程度，它們往往就自我毀滅了。然而我對公眾的明智充滿信心，因而相信，我們將證明這一說法是錯誤的。”

第四篇：新世紀大學英語閱讀教程2課文翻譯

新世紀大學英語閱讀教程翻譯

Unit 1

塞克哈爾覺得，事實就像太陽一樣。大概沒有誰能直視太陽而不眨眼，不覺眩暈。他發(fā)覺人際關(guān)系的精髓在于時時刻刻調(diào)和事實，避免沖突。他設(shè)定了一個特殊的日子——一年中至少有一天無論如何必須說實話。否則生命還有什么意義。他對這一天充滿無數(shù)期待，也沒有告訴任何人要做這個實驗。這是個秘密的決定，一件永遠不為人知的事。首次嘗試便從妻子準備的早餐開始。他對一道美味舉筷不定，這可是妻子自認為的廚中之冠。“怎么啦？不好吃嗎？”她問道。要是往常，為了照顧她的情緒，他肯定說：“沒有，我吃飽了而已。”可今天他卻說：“不好吃。我咽不下去。”看到妻子眉頭緊鎖，他對自己說：“沒辦法，事實就像太陽一樣。”

第二次嘗試是在教師休息室，一個同事走過來說：“某某死了聽說了嗎？覺得很遺憾吧。”“不覺得，”賽克哈爾回答。“他的確是個好人??”另一個還沒說完。塞克哈爾就搶過來說：“好什么啊，對我他可是個刻薄、自私的家伙。”

塞克哈爾給三年級A班上最后一節(jié)地理課時，收到校長遞來的便條：回家前請過來一趟。他自言自語道：“肯定是那些可怕的試卷。一百多份字跡潦草的男生的試卷；他已經(jīng)消極怠工幾個禮拜了，感覺頭頂像是懸了一把利劍，隨時都有刺下來的可能。”

下課鈴響起，孩子們潮水般涌出教室。塞克哈爾在校長門口停了會兒，扣好上衣扣子；扣子也是校長經(jīng)常訓誡的目標。

他進了門，彬彬有禮地說了句：“晚上好，校長。” 校長抬起頭看著他，十分友善地問道：“今晚有空嗎？” 塞克哈爾回答：“答應過家里的孩子要出去??” “那，可以改天再帶他們出去。現(xiàn)在跟我回家。”

“噢??好的，校長，當然沒問題??”然后怯生生地問：“有什么要緊事嗎，校長？” “是的，”校長回答，像是在對自己笑??“你真的不知道我缺乏音樂天賦嗎？” “噢，知道，校長??”

“我一直在偷偷地學習和練習，今晚想讓你聽聽我演唱。我約好了一個鼓手和一個小提琴手為我伴奏。這還是我的第一次正式演出，想聽聽你的建議。我知道你的建議彌足珍貴。” 塞克哈爾的音樂品味無人不知。他是小鎮(zhèn)里最令人生畏的音樂評論人。可他怎么也沒想到，他的音樂愛好將它引入這層磨難??。“對你來說，有點突然是吧？”校長問。“我已經(jīng)關(guān)上門花了不知道多少錢??”他們開始往校長家走。“上帝沒能給我一個孩子，可至少沒有剝奪音樂給我的慰藉，”他們邊走校長邊悲戚戚地說。他喋喋不休地說著音樂的事：如何完全因打發(fā)無聊起步；如何被音樂老師取笑，又被給予希望；他人生的雄心壯志又是如何在音樂的世界里達到忘我的境界。

一到家，校長就大獻殷勤。他請塞克哈爾坐在紅絲毯上，敬上幾樣碟中美味，在旁邊忙來忙去像是招待上門女婿。他甚至說：“你務必完全放松去聽。別為那些試卷煩心。”然后不無幽默的加了一句：“我會給你一周的時間。” “十天怎么樣，校長？”塞克哈爾請求。

“好，同意，”校長慷慨地說。塞克哈爾徹底松了口氣——他可以一天干掉十份，徹底除掉這件煩心事。

校長點上熏香。“營造點氣氛。”他解釋說。鼓手和小提琴手已經(jīng)到位，坐在緬甸仰光進口的小毯子上等他。校長在兩人中間坐下來，像音樂會專業(yè)演出一般，清清喉嚨，起了調(diào)子又停下來問：“可以嗎，卡亞尼？（塞克哈爾的姓）”塞克哈爾假裝沒聽到校長叫他。校長繼續(xù)了，唱了一整首提亞咖拉迦（印度作曲家）譜寫的歌曲，接下來又唱了兩首。從校長一開唱，塞克哈爾就開始在心里默默評論他：“一會兒像是一群青蛙在呱呱叫。一會兒 又像是水牛在哞哞叫。現(xiàn)在則聽起來像是暴風雨中搖曳的破窗戶扇子。” 熏香快燒完了。塞克哈爾腦袋的劇痛也隨著混雜的樂聲顫抖起來，這聲音至今已經(jīng)侵襲他的耳鼓幾個小時了。他感覺已經(jīng)有點不省人事。校長的聲音近乎嘶啞，他停下來問道：“還要繼續(xù)嗎？” 塞克哈爾感到他真是個無比可憐的家伙。可他也無能為力。他此時比任何即將宣判罪狀的法官都感覺痛苦和無奈。塞克哈爾發(fā)覺校長的妻子從廚房往這邊偷偷張望，一臉的好奇。鼓手和小提琴手終于卸下包袱，松了口氣。校長摘下眼鏡，抹了把眉毛，問道：“現(xiàn)在說說你的看法吧。”

“我可以明天說嘛，校長？” 塞克哈爾試探著問。“不行。我馬上要聽——你坦誠的看法。唱的好嗎？” “不好，校長??” 塞克哈爾回答。“噢！??還有必要繼續(xù)上音樂課嗎？”

“完全沒必要了，校長??”塞克哈爾說，聲音有些顫抖。他因為自己不能說的更為緩和而有些難過。事實，他想，不管說出來還是接受都需要同樣的勇氣。

回家的路上塞克哈爾憂心忡忡。他感覺職業(yè)生涯從今以后不可能一帆風順了。諸多疑問，比如漲工資、考評等等都去取決于校長的意愿。各種各樣的憂慮似乎在前面等著他??哈里什昌德拉國王失去了王位、后妃和子嗣，就因為他無論面對任何情形都只堅持說真話。

回到家，妻子一臉的慍怒。他清楚妻子還在因為早上的事生氣。今天發(fā)生了兩大災難，塞克哈爾想。要是這樣繼續(xù)一個禮拜，可能一個朋友都沒了。

第二天，他在教室接到校長的電話。他站了起來，心提到了嗓子眼。

“你的建議很有用。我已經(jīng)結(jié)清了音樂老師的工資。音樂的事，這些天沒人愿意告訴我真話。我一把年紀的人，干么還瞎折騰呢。謝謝你。對了，試卷批得怎么樣了？” “你給了我十天時間的，校長。十天批好。”

“噢，我重新考慮過了。明天必須給我送過來??”一天批完一百份試卷！這意味著要通宵不能睡覺！“再寬限幾天吧，校長??”

“不行。明天務必給我送來。記住，每份試卷都必須一絲不茍的批改。”

“遵命，校長，”賽哈克爾回答，覺得通宵批完一百份試卷就是為這次奢侈的真心話實驗而付出的小小代價。

Unit 3 1在普利茅斯灣有一個迷人的年輕女人名叫哈麗特magnis航海的小鎮(zhèn)。她有一個癡迷。她想要一個孩子為她的丈夫。地球上所有的東西，她想要一個孩子李察。但她不能有一個。2強迫觀念驅(qū)使人去做各種奇怪的事情。哈麗特magnis的癡迷使她犯了一個在歷史上最奇怪的犯罪。

3李察是英國皇家海軍的一名炮手。甚至盡管他在兩或三年在一片海，家里只有幾天時間，哈里特愛他深深地和她的悲慘的失敗給了他一個孩子，她經(jīng)常在。更糟糕的是，她擔心她的丈夫會在他的旅行中找到一些其他的女人，一個能給他什么，她將永遠離開她。4但這一天，當她給她的丈夫?qū)懶艜r，她說：“我親愛的，上帝終于對我們微笑了！我終于和孩子在一起了！你回家的時候，我們的孩子將被出世，你將你的父親總是wante4d它是。”密封在一個信封里的信，她解決它的下一個港口，她丈夫的船會觸及，她把它帶到郵局。5只有一件事是錯誤的。哈麗特沒有懷孕。她對她的丈夫撒謊了一個原因。她的信將在圣誕節(jié)到達他。她想讓他快樂！月過去了。從她出走的丈夫寄來的一封信。那孩子來了嗎？是男孩還是女孩？ 6她現(xiàn)在告訴他真相，這將拯救哈麗特，但她不能那樣做。這會傷害他太多。所以她說孩子已經(jīng)來了，這是一個男孩。當她丈夫回家的時候她會做什么，想看看他的兒子。哈麗特顯然不知道。她很擔心這是一個偉大的交易，那么當她得知她丈夫的船在幾天內(nèi)回家時，她就很擔心了。

7李察的船來了，哈麗特沖到樸茨茅斯去見他。“我的兒子在哪里？“他喊道。哈麗特思維速度快。“哦，親愛的，”她說。“我沒想到你這么快。醫(yī)生覺得海邊的空氣對他不好，所以我把他留在他的祖父母在蘇塞克斯郡。”

8她清楚地知道，李察會在港口只有幾天時間，沒有足夠長的時間讓他去蘇塞克斯。所以她是安全的時間是。下次他回家時，她還有另一個借口。下一次，還有另一個。但他越來越懷疑。他沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)他根本沒有孩子。他只懷疑她藏了孩子，因為那是另一個人的，所以他就把律法放在哈麗特。下一次他回家時，他會看到他的兒子----沒有任何理由會被接受。9可憐的哈麗特！她的謊言讓她變成了真正的深水。她succe4eded欺騙了他三年，但現(xiàn)在她知道她必須產(chǎn)生一個三歲的男孩看起來像李察，或者把真相給他。于是哈麗特踏上了一個奇妙的計劃。她會偷一個孩子。有沒有可能找到只是她想在戈斯波特小鎮(zhèn)，所以她去倫敦。在那里，一天又一天，她走過的街道尋找她有孩子。同時，查爾斯夫人去了倫敦的一個同事眼前的醫(yī)生，她帶著她的兩個孩子：一個小女孩，瑪麗，五，和一個男孩，托馬斯，三。當她到醫(yī)生的辦公室，她讓孩子們在水果店樓下。雜貨店老板的妻子，瑪麗考克斯，答應去看他們。

10十五分鐘后，哈麗特來了，在門口停了一下。她停了下來，盯著小托馬斯德洛。令人難以置信的是，孩子不僅是合適的年齡，但他卻像極了李察magnis！五分鐘后瑪麗考克斯發(fā)現(xiàn)男孩失蹤了。警方被通知。一個全國性的搜索開始，傳單遍布全國。早在戈斯波特，哈麗特驕傲地把小托馬斯去樸茨茅斯看他爸爸的船來了。李察是多么高興！一個兒子！最后！在他離開的日子里，他生活在狂喜中，從未夢想過真相。然后他又出海了，還不知道。但他離開后，哈里特變得恐慌，尤其是當鄰居們開始提問關(guān)于她的“孩子”，甚至更多，所以當通緝告示出現(xiàn)在當?shù)剜]局的突然出現(xiàn)。充滿了恐懼和悔恨，現(xiàn)在，她帶著小托馬斯同事回到倫敦，離開了他在警察局前面逃走了。然后她坐下來給她的丈夫?qū)懥艘环忾L信，告訴他真相。在適當?shù)臅r候，這封信是交給李察的船，但不是給他。在他的焦慮再次見到他的兒子，李察跳船，擅離職守（擅離職守）。他的妻子的信，承認一切，被交付給船長，而不是李察。認為它可能會提供一些線索，李察的缺席，他打開它。

11哈麗特magnis被捕并接受審判在漢普郡巡回審判。但法官判定，由于在新罕布什爾州沒有犯下的罪行，法院沒有管轄權(quán)。所以哈麗特被釋放了，再也沒有嘗試過。法官可能比任何人都更了解一點。他自己的妻子也無法忍受孩子。她也有一個癡迷。但她卻犯了自殺，而不是偷別人的孩子。

Unit 4 我對姑祖母史提菲娜·魯斯向來心存敬畏。事實上，我們小時候顯然都很畏懼她。她不跟家里人住一起，情愿孤零零一個人住在鄉(xiāng)間的小屋里，也不愿住在舒適但有些喧鬧的家里---我們長大的地方，這一點更是增強了我們對她原本就有的敬畏之情。她從來不擁抱我們。只是打個招呼，然后用她那美麗卻冰涼的手牽著我們熱乎乎的小手，她手背上青筋突起，似乎要撐破那脆弱的皮膚。隨著年事漸長，我驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)，居然對這位冷漠的姑祖母產(chǎn)生了十足的好感。直到今天，我依然不知道當時出于什么莫名的沖動，竟讓帶著喬治去見她，還告訴她我們訂婚的事，當然之前我可任何人都沒告訴過。讓我感到意外的是，她十分的欣喜。

“是英國人啊，”她驚呼。“真是太棒了，太棒了。你，”她轉(zhuǎn)向喬治，“你要在這里安家嗎？不打算再回英國了嗎？”

聽到喬治已在我們農(nóng)場附近也購置一個農(nóng)場，準備定居在南非時，她似乎松了口氣，變得歡快起來，和喬治拉閑聊起來。

她對我的愛情還是憂心忡忡，總問一些看似奇怪的問題，隱約覺得她似乎在擔心會有什么破壞這樁婚姻的事情發(fā)生。讓我猝不及防的是，當我向她提起喬治考慮在結(jié)婚前臨時返回英國一趟時，她突然情緒失控。“絕不能讓他回去，”她喊道。“伊娜，你千萬不能讓他回去。答應我一定要阻止他。”她渾身發(fā)抖。我使出渾身解數(shù)來安慰她，她看起來還是那么疲憊、臉色蒼白。我說服她回房間休息，答應明天回來看她。

第二天再來時，看到她坐在屋前的門廊上。她顯得如此孤獨和悲涼，那是我第一次感到疑惑，為何沒有男人愿意娶她，照顧她，愛憐她呢。母親曾告訴過我，姑祖母年輕時出落得楚楚動人，現(xiàn)如今除了那雙褐色的眸子還殘留著曾經(jīng)的風韻外，昔日的美貌早已不見了蹤影。盡管如此，她還是那么嬌小玲瓏、惹人愛憐，凡是男人見了，都難免心生憐香惜玉之情。她欲言又止，似乎不知從何說起。接著她仿佛又在心底振作了起來。“你肯定在納悶，”她說，“為什么我聽說喬治要離開你回英國會很難過。我老了，或許老了就會胡思亂想，可我必須告訴你我的愛情故事，聽完后你再來決定讓未婚夫在結(jié)婚前離開究竟是不是個明智之舉。”

第一次邂逅理查德·維斯頓時我還是一個少女。他是英國人，借宿在附近農(nóng)場的范·倫斯堡家里，離我家有四五英里遠。理查德身體虛弱，因為心肺功能不好，醫(yī)生送他到南非，希望這里干燥空氣能治好他。他是范·倫斯堡家孩子們的家庭教師，我比那些孩子年長一些，可經(jīng)常跟他們一起玩。理查德僅僅以此為樂，并非為了賺錢。

我們雖然一見鐘情，但直到我十八歲生日那晚才相互傾訴衷腸。所有的親朋好友都來赴會，那晚我們在谷倉鋪上一條寬大的舊地毯，在上面翩翩起舞。理查德和范·倫斯堡一家一起過來，我們一有機會就斗膽共舞，實際上機會并不多，因為我父親討厭在南非的外國人。事實上，他曾一度跟范·倫斯堡家發(fā)生過口角，起因就是他們留宿了理查德。后來父親漸漸接受了事實，盡管始終心有芥蒂，對這位英國人也還總是客客氣氣的。

那是我一生中最快樂的一個生日，因為理查德在跳舞的間歇時間，把我叫到外面，就在那個清涼宜人、月光皎潔的夜幕中，在漫天星斗的注視下，他向我表達了愛意，并向我求婚。我當然答應了他，當時我早被幸福沖昏了頭腦，根本沒有考慮父母會怎么想，或者根本什么也沒有想。有一天，理查德沒有出現(xiàn)在約定的地方。我很失落但并不驚奇，因為有太多的事情可能發(fā)生，導致我們不能如期赴約。我想下次拜訪范·倫斯堡家時，我就可以知道他究竟為何爽約，也可以繼續(xù)約定以后的幽會??

“于是當父親問我是否愿意一起驅(qū)車前往德里方丹時，我高興極了。”然而，當我們到達范·倫斯堡家，坐在門廊里喝咖啡時，卻聽說理查德已匆匆離開，回到英國去了。他父親死了，他作為繼承人必須回去料理遺產(chǎn)。

“那天的事我大多不記得了，只記得太陽似乎變得暗淡無光，田野也風采盡失，沒了往日欣欣向榮的景象，盡是慘淡和荒涼之感，蕭瑟凄涼得跟冬天或大旱時一樣。那天午后的晚些時候，霍但托特族的小牧童詹杰交給我一封信，說是英國老爺留給我的。那是我收到的唯一一封情書，讓我的所有的心酸和悲傷歸于平靜，也是我最最接近幸福的感覺。我知道理查德依然愛我，不管怎樣，有了這封信在，就算他在英國，我不得不留在農(nóng)場，我感覺我們也始終未曾分開過。我現(xiàn)在還保留著這封信，盡管已經(jīng)年老體衰，這封信還能給我以希望和勇氣。”

“姑祖母，這封情書肯定寫的很精彩吧，”我說。老太太從遙遠的愛情美夢中回過神來。“也許吧，”她說，猶豫了一下，“也許，親愛的，你想看看那封信嗎？”

“我樂意之極，姑祖母，”我輕聲回答。

她立即起身，疾步走進小屋，像個急匆匆的少女。她回來時，遞給我一封信，由于天長日久，信封早已褪色發(fā)黃，邊角也已磨損，似乎是經(jīng)受過無數(shù)次的撫摸。我正要打開時，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)封印完好如初。

“拆開，拆開，”姑祖母催促道，聲音顫抖。我揭下封印，念了起來。

嚴格來說，這算不上是一封情書，實際上是幾頁安排詳盡的逃跑指南，指導“我摯愛的菲娜”如何逃脫父親的監(jiān)視，趁夜黑逃離家門到淺灘，詹杰會備好馬匹跟她碰頭，然后將她馱到史密斯多普，在那里投靠“我的至交亨利·威爾森”，他會出錢安排她追隨愛人的足跡到達開普敦，經(jīng)此前往英國。“在英國，親愛的，我們立刻結(jié)為夫妻。但是，我的摯愛，假如你不確信自己能在異國他鄉(xiāng)與我一道生活，就不要采取這個重大行動，因為我愛你至深，不愿你經(jīng)受一絲的不快。倘若你不能前往，或者我未能收到你的回信，我就會知道，你遠離自己深愛的國家和親人是無法得到幸福的。然而，倘若你覺得還可以堅守承諾，但由于膽怯不敢只身面對前往英國的跋涉，就回信給我。我會想方設(shè)法回來迎娶我的新娘。”

我沒有再念下去。

“可是，姑祖母！”我聲音急促地問道。“為什么??為什么??”

老太太迫注視著我，因迫切想知道下文而渾身顫抖，她面頰緋紅，雙目神采奕奕充滿期待。“大聲念，親愛的，”她說。“一字一句我都要聽。我當時找不到可以信賴的人??南非的外國人在我年輕的那段歲月是被人深惡痛絕的??我不敢找人幫忙。” “可是，姑祖母，他信里寫的這些你難道都不知道嗎”

老太太低下了頭，像個不小心做了錯事的孩子一樣，既不安又羞愧。

“不知道，親愛的，”她回答，聲音極其微弱。“你知道的，我從來沒有讀過書呀。”

Unit 5

外面天還黑著，我的呼吸像漂浮在寒冷的空氣寒冷的云。我為自己感到難過。有一個原因，他們稱之為“老鼠賽跑。

一天又一天，同一個古老的東西。在陽光下的房子。一個半小時的通勤到辦公室。八到九個小時的工作，然后在同一個通勤回家，仍然是黑暗的外部。短短的幾天，我就納悶：白天太陽出來了嗎？我不確定了，如果是，我一定錯過了。

我走到火車站，在那個凄涼的星期一早晨。我的一個星期在我面前像一個深黑色的洞。本周可能是新的，但我感覺老和破舊的。短暫的周末休息還不提供救濟，洗衣，堆積起來，不提超市、干洗店和無數(shù)其他跑腿，吃到什么被認為是我們的家人在一起的時間。我們幾乎沒有機會的時候還沒定鬧鐘，本周開始再次很快地玩拼字游戲。火車又晚點了。任何嘗試放松的想法很快被記憶的堆的紙坐在我的桌子上。這么多的事，和天是從來沒有足夠長的時間。我調(diào)整了我周圍的人群開始精神通過排序的優(yōu)先級就招手，當我到達辦公室。電子郵件和傳真，報告和會議。這一天會很充實，因為這是本周初的開始。我畏縮了一下，我常常想起我把事情“下周直到。“嗯，“下周”在這里。自注：思考明天的事情”“可能曾為斯嘉麗奧哈拉，但它只創(chuàng)造了我的悲傷。

轉(zhuǎn)移人群把我?guī)У搅四且豢獭；疖囘M站了，而部隊的乘客是一個頭腦：搶一個空座位在任何費用。男女機會平等的推動者，推動彼此的平臺邊緣。即使我讓自己被橫掃，我也決心抓住第一個可用的座位，我可以找到。我緊緊抓住我的公文包，把我的公文包推到了其中，并獲得了我的獎品。坐在一些文書工作上，我會得到一個跳躍，也許是一個備忘錄或2個。任何一開始都會有幫助。

這是我的生活惡化到什么？我的一天最精彩的是，我在火車上坐了一個座位嗎？當然，我的目標是更大的比。我們工作很辛苦，我丈夫和我。我們的目標是還清房貸，并預留儲蓄以備退休。我們幾乎都在那里。只是一年或兩年，我模仿超人，這樣我就可以放松。僅僅一兩年。..那是當我看到她。那年輕的女人看上去很熟悉。我在火車站看到她了，還是我只是認出了她臉上的表情？在一個座位上再次錯過了反映辭職的樣子。這一看，說：“我沒有精力去做這件事。”我知道她是怎樣的感覺，但我也知道我有工作要做。備忘錄回答，要寫報告。我有一個座位，她沒有。沒有人說生活將是公平的。

但有更多的只是她的臉。即使在她那笨重的外套，我也能看到她在等一個孩子。她懷孕是相當遠，這是她所有能做的去抓住金屬棒的列車突然陷入運動。我感到一陣內(nèi)疚，然后又與自己爭辯。火車上肯定有足夠多的人能看到她的情況。騎士還沒死，是嗎？但是沒有人移動。好像每個人都在火車上被刻意避免這個年輕女人的角度為他們埋葬他們的頭在他們的報紙，或假裝全神貫注于他們的談話。

我把備忘錄和法律墊在我的公文包里，站了起來，示意讓她注意。工作可以等待。這肯定是夠了，和一個或兩個以上的備忘錄也不會有多大的差異，在我的日程安排。如果我有什么想法，他們都被她臉上的表情抹去。一種新的看--救濟和感恩。話不需要被交換，但是當她說謝謝時，我意識到，這小小的仁慈對我來說就像是對她一樣。一個提醒，即使我是一個大鼠比賽的一部分，我沒有成為一個大鼠。

這仍然是星期一早晨，但新興的日出告訴我，這將是一個美好的一天。

Unit 6

1一個真正幸福婚姻的基礎(chǔ)是什么？浪漫？溝通？真正的愛情？這當然不是錢，對嗎？

2大多數(shù)人都會同意錢不是一個好的婚姻，但根據(jù)婚姻顧問，這無疑是一個壞的因素。英國關(guān)系咨詢服務發(fā)現(xiàn)，在1998次調(diào)查中，錢是在英國夫婦之間的爭論的頭號原因之一。我們的顧問認為，錢是一個在許多離婚的主要因素。它不只是缺乏資金，導致問題。3信不信你對金錢的態(tài)度比你擁有多少重要。也許這并不浪漫，但離婚50%次婚姻，往往由于財政困難，我們是不是該停在耳邊甜言蜜語，開始關(guān)于錢的一些直接對話？

4對許多人來說，金錢是最后一個偉大的禁忌主題。“我們在結(jié)婚前從來沒有談過錢，”簡，一位結(jié)婚五年的老師告訴我們。“我甚至不知道戴夫是怎么做的。我們在一起的時候，我們當然不會談論誰會付帳單，或者任何類似的東西，“戴夫同意：”這似乎不重要，談論金錢。我從來沒有想過。”

5這些態(tài)度并不罕見，人們很少談論金錢。

6浪漫的愛情神話告訴我們，我們會遇到一個人，結(jié)婚，并過著幸福的生活。童話里沒有什么能告訴我們?nèi)绾斡懻撐覀兊呢攧眨踔潦俏覀冃枰摹５悄愕陌閭H對金錢的態(tài)度可能是你需要了解的最重要的事情之一。7每個人都對金錢有著獨特的態(tài)度。有些人喜歡它可以買他們，也有人認為它是安全的來源。有些人擔心他們永遠不會有足夠的，其他人會討厭是有錢人。你對錢的態(tài)度取決于很多東西：怎么是你帶來了，多少錢，你用有，是否你努力工作你錢或支付你所喜歡做的事情。甚至你的人生觀會影響你對金錢的影響。對金錢的態(tài)度是沒有對錯的，每一個都是有效的。8他們結(jié)婚后，戴夫和簡發(fā)現(xiàn)他們對金錢有很大的不同看法。“他是一個富豪，我是一個屏幕保護程序，”簡說。“起初，這是非常令人沮喪的，當他在本月結(jié)束時，他在我和我的借貸，我們?nèi)匀坏玫搅舜罅康膽?zhàn)斗。”

9這是一個很常見的問題。大多數(shù)情侶在一起討論他們的目標和夢想，但他們不談論他們的財務態(tài)度。他們談論有關(guān)，他們會喜歡生活，那種職業(yè)他們想要的，有多少孩子他們會有，等共享相同的人生目標是什么帶來了許多夫妻在一起，許多人花了很多時間（尤其是當約會或結(jié)婚第一）討論他們的希望和夢想。

10然而，許多人不做的事，就是計劃如何實現(xiàn)他們的目標。他們知道他們在哪里是一對夫婦，但他們沒有路線圖的最短或最可靠的路線，他們的夢想。

11這是所有浪漫談錢來。不僅你有多少，而且你會花多少錢，節(jié)省和投資。

12安吉拉，一位35歲的三歲的母親告訴我們，“錢不是一個問題，我們直到孩子出生。然后我突然發(fā)現(xiàn)我們一直在戰(zhàn)斗。我的丈夫會花100美元一個晚上出去與朋友，雖然它從來沒有困擾我之前突然把我逼瘋了。”安吉拉的丈夫看不見的問題；他們共同工作，他能買得起他的慷慨。安吉拉解釋道：“那么，有一天我們開始談論我們對未來的希望，這是一個燈泡似乎是為我的丈夫。我們一直想送我們的孩子去上大學，當我說自己的支出是危及他似乎明白為什么我生氣了。它并沒有停止所有的戰(zhàn)斗，但它幫助。

13一次，安吉拉的丈夫發(fā)現(xiàn)了她為什么如此關(guān)注自己的花銷，他發(fā)現(xiàn)很容易嘗試去控制它。他們已經(jīng)同意把所有的孩子送上大學，但他們從來沒有談論過他們是如何實現(xiàn)的。作為一個富豪安吉拉的丈夫沒有看到招待他的朋友晚上出來一個問題，而作為一個自然保護安吉拉擔心未來和孩子的大學基金。

14直到他們說，誰都不理解對方的態(tài)度。了解你的合作伙伴的態(tài)度，金錢是避免糾紛的關(guān)鍵。一個很好的問題是問你的伴侶是：“你會做什么，如果你贏得了彩票？“他們會花很多錢嗎？他們會把所有的一切，把它投入安全的投資和生活的興趣？他們會花一些錢存一些嗎？你會給他們的答案是什么？

15好吧，這樣你就不可能贏得彩票。但是，一旦你有了關(guān)于配偶的經(jīng)濟人格的知識，你就可以更好地為婚姻生活中的所有這些問題提供一天的錢。

16如果你的伴侶的財務風格和你的不同？這并不是說關(guān)系是注定的。遠離它。知道你們兩個人如何看待金錢，為什么會有助于你們做出必要的妥協(xié)來阻止它的戰(zhàn)斗。沒有任何關(guān)系是一樣的，但也有一些基本的步驟，每個人都可以采取幫助賺錢少的問題。17第一：決定你的優(yōu)先順序是什么。18這不是關(guān)于制作一個預算，雖然你需要一個如果你是管理你的財務。這是關(guān)于你的夢想，你的生活愿望。你真的想活嗎？讓自己的夢想，但也現(xiàn)實。這是關(guān)于做出選擇。你想每年都去度假還是一輛較新的汽車？你想擁有更大的房子，或者更多的可支配收入嗎？找到一些共同點，你的夢想碰撞。這是你的財務目標作為一對夫婦。19二：決定如何滿足你的目標。

20當我們聽到安吉拉，有些軟弱無力，像“我們必須拯救”真的不清楚。儲蓄對不同的人意味著不同的東西。一個自然的人可能會認為儲蓄意味著把錢會在月底離開；一個程序可能包括雜貨店為了節(jié)省更多的開支。如果您正在保存，設(shè)置一個具體的和合理的數(shù)額，您可以在。決定如何投資你的儲蓄和誰將管理的錢。你也許想在這里得到財務上的建議，但關(guān)鍵是你要討論它。

21第三：決定如何處理日常財務。

22誰來平衡支票簿，支付賬單，并做出投資決策？而最大的每一個都可以在沒有咨詢的同時又能用什么呢？

23第四：你會有聯(lián)合或單獨的賬戶嗎？

24對許多夫妻來說，有單獨的戶口和三分之一的戶口是一種方法。另一些人則更傾向于一個共同賬戶，每個人都可以在他們認為合適的支出上花錢。有許多不同的方式來組織你的財務，但重要的是，每個合作伙伴都有一些錢，他們可以自由地花錢，因為他們認為合適的。這就避免了無數(shù)的爭論。

25這四個技巧只是你理財計劃的開始。最重要的是談論金錢和你對它的態(tài)度。金錢不是關(guān)于干的財務計劃，它是關(guān)于你將如何生活你的生活，實現(xiàn)你的夢想，并保持在一個快樂的關(guān)系。

26還有，別以為錢是浪漫的？也許這不是，但這是一個比離婚更浪漫的浪漫，而這就是忽略你的錢的問題可以幫助你。

第五篇：新世紀大學英語第三冊原文每段翻譯U

新世紀大學英語 第三冊 原文 每段翻譯 U

UNIT 6：Culture Shock |文化沖擊|

Kalervo Oberg

We might almost call culture shock an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.Like most ailments it has its own cause, symptoms, and cure.我們不妨把文化沖擊稱為突然置身國外的人們所得的職業(yè)病。和大部分疾病一樣，這種病有其獨特的起因、癥狀和療法。

Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse.These signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situations of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to give orders to servants, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not.These cues which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept.All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues.文化沖擊是因為我們失去熟悉的社會交往標記和符號而產(chǎn)生的焦慮所促成。這些標志或暗示包括我們應付日常生活各種情境時使用的諸多方式方法：與人會面時何時握手、該說些什么；在什么時間、以什么方式付小費；如何吩咐傭 人；怎樣購物；何時該接受、何時該拒絕他人的邀請；別人說的話，何時該當真，何時不該當真。這些暗示可以是語 言、手勢、面部表情、風俗習慣或社會行為標準。我們在成長的過程中獲得了這些暗示，就像我們的語言和我們所接受的信仰一樣，它們已經(jīng)成為我們文化的一部分。我們所有的人都依賴成百上千個這樣的暗示才能擁有寧靜的心境，過上高效率的生活。

Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed.He or she is like a fish out of water.No matter how broad-minded you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety.People react to the frustration in much the same way.First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort: a€?The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.a€? When Americans or other foreigners in a strange land get together to complain about the host country and its people a€” you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock.Another phase of culture shock is regression.The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance.To an American everything American becomes irrationally glorified.All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered.It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.當你走進一種陌

生的文化，你所熟悉的所有或大部分文化暗示也就隨之消失。此時的你宛如一條離開水的魚。無論你的心胸多么開闊，你賴以生存的支柱此時都已倒塌，挫折感和焦慮感油然而生。人們對此種挫折的反應非常相似：他們首先排斥令他們不適的環(huán)境：“我們所到之國的生活方式很不好，讓我們感覺很糟糕。”當美國人或其他的外國人來到一個陌生的國度，聚在一起抱怨所到之國及其人民時 —— 可以肯定，他們正深受文化沖擊之苦。文化沖擊的另外一個階段是回歸。故鄉(xiāng)的一草一木突然變得極為重要。一個美國人會不合理地美化美國的一切事物。在自己國家所經(jīng)歷的困難和問題都拋在了腦后，只記得故鄉(xiāng)美好的事物。通常要回國一趟方可回到現(xiàn)實中。

In an effort to get over culture shock, there is some value in knowing something about the nature of culture and its relationship to the individual.In addition to living in a physical environment, an individual lives in a cultural environment consisting of man-made physical objects, social institutions, and ideas and beliefs.An individual is not born with culture but only with the capacity to learn it and use it.There is nothing in a new born child which dictates that it should eventually speak Portuguese, English, or French;nor that he should eat with a fork in his left hand rather than in the right or use chopsticks.All these things the child has to learn.Nor are the parents responsible for the culture which they transmit to their young.The culture of any people is the product of history and is built up over time largely through processes which are beyond his awareness.It is by means of culture that the young learn to adapt themselves to the physical environment and to the people with whom they associate.And as we know, children and adolescents often experience difficulties in this process of learning and adjustment.But once learned, culture becomes a way of life.要克服文化沖擊的心理，了解文化的性質(zhì)及其與個人的關(guān)系會有所裨益。除了賴以生存的自然環(huán)境，一個人還生活在由人造的有形物體、社會風俗、觀念和信仰構(gòu)成的文化環(huán)境中。一個人并非天生就有文化，而是生來就具備學習和使用文化的能力。新生嬰兒的身上不存在一種只許他最終說葡萄牙語、英語或法語的東西，也不存在一種只許他用左手而不是右手執(zhí)叉或只許他用筷子吃飯的東西。這些東西都是要孩子去學習的。文化也不是由父母負責傳遞給孩子的。任何一個民族的文化都是歷史的產(chǎn)物，經(jīng)過漫長的、本民族意識不到的過程才得以積累形成。孩子通過文化學會適應周圍的物質(zhì)環(huán)境，學會和周圍的人打交道。眾所周知，青少年在學習和適應的過程中經(jīng)常遇到困難。但是，文化一旦學會了

，就會成為一種生活方式。

People have a way of accepting their culture as both the best and the only way of doing things.This is perfectly normal and understandable.To this attitude we give the name ethnocentrism, a belief that not only the culture but the race and the nation form the center of the world.Individuals identify themselves with their own group to the extent that any critical comment is taken as a remark which is rude to the individual as well as to the group.If you criticize my country, you are criticizing me;if you criticize me, you are criticizing my country.Along with this attitude goes the tendency to attribute all individual peculiarities as national characteristics.For instance, if an American does something odd or anti-social in a foreign country which back home would be considered a purely individual act, this is now considered a national trait.He acts that way not because he is Joe Doaks but because he is an American.Instead of being censured as an individual, his country is censured.It is thus best to recognize that ethnocentrism is a permanent characteristic of national groups.Even if a national criticizes some aspect of his own culture, the foreigner should listen but not enter into the criticism.人們往往認為自己的文化是最好的，是生活的唯一方 式。這非常正常，完全可以理解。我們把這種態(tài)度稱為“民族優(yōu)越感”，即一種認為自己的文化、種族和國家構(gòu)成世界中心的想法。個人往往將自己與所處的群體等同起來，因此任何批評的言論在他們看來都是對個人及其群體不尊敬的：如果你批評我的祖國，你就是在批評我；如果你批評我，你就是在批評我的祖國。抱著這種態(tài)度，人們往往把個人的怪癖歸結(jié)為民族的特點。例如，倘若一個美國人在國外做出怪異的或有悖社會公德的事情，在美國國內(nèi)的人們會認為這純屬個人行為，但在國外卻被視為一種民族特性：他那樣做并非因為他是喬?多克斯，而是因為他是個美國人。遭受責難的不是他這個個體，而是他的祖國。因此，我們最好把民族優(yōu)越感看成是民族群體的一個永恒的特性。即使一個國家的公民批評了自己文化的某些方面，外國人也只應當聽著，而不應該參與批評。

Once you realize that your trouble is due to your own lack of understanding of other peoplea€?s cultural background and your own lack of the means of communication rather than the hostility of an alien environment, you also realize that you yourself can gain this understanding and these means of communication.And the sooner you do this, the sooner culture shock will disappear.你一旦意識到面臨的問題并非因為異域的敵意而是因為自己對其他民族的文化背景缺乏理解或者缺乏與對方溝通的方式，你同時就會意識到你本身能夠了解他人的文化，并能

夠掌握那些交流的方式。你越早做到這一點，文化沖擊就消失得越快。

The question now arises, what can you do to get over culture shock as quickly as possible? The answer is getting to know the people of the host country.But this you cannot do with any success without knowing the language, for language is the principal symbol system of communication.Now we all know that learning a new language is difficult, particularly to adults.This task alone is quite enough to cause frustration and anxiety, no matter how skillful language teachers are in making it easy for you.But once you begin to be able to carry on a friendly conversation with your maid, your neighbour, or to go on shopping trips alone, you not only gain confidence and a feeling of power but a whole new world of cultural meanings opens up for you.接下來的問題是，你怎樣做才能盡快克服文化沖擊？答案是：了解所到之國的國民。但是，倘若不懂語言，你是無法成功地實現(xiàn)這一目標的，因為語言是用于交流的主要的符號系統(tǒng)。我們現(xiàn)在都知道，學習一門新的語言不容易，對成年人來說，尤為如此。無論教語言的老師多么擅長于減輕你學習語言的難度，單單學語言這項任務都足以讓你焦慮不 安、飽受挫折。不過，你一旦能夠和女傭、鄰居進行友好的交談，能夠單獨出門購物，你就會重獲信心，充滿力量，一個蘊含各種文化意義的新世界就向你敞開了大門。

You begin to find out what people do, how they do it, and what their interests are.People usually express these interests by what they habitually talk about and how they allocate their time and money.Once you know this value or interest pattern it will be quite easy to get people to talk to and be interested in you.你開始發(fā)現(xiàn)人們做些什么、做事情的方式以及令他們感興趣的事情。人們往往通過日常的談話內(nèi)容和時間、金錢的分配方式來表達自己的興趣愛好。你一旦了解了他們的興趣和價值模式，就很容易和他們交談，也容易讓他們對你產(chǎn)生興趣。

At times it is helpful to be a participant observer by joining the activities of the people, to try to share in their responses, whether this be a carnival, a religious ritual, or some economic activity.Yet the visitor should never forget that he or she is an outsider and will be treated as such.He or she should view this participation as a role playing.Understanding the ways of a people is essential but this does not mean that you have to give up your own.What happens is that you have developed two patterns of behavior.有時候，參加人們舉辦的各種活動，不管是嘉年華會、宗教儀式還是經(jīng)濟活動，在活動中仔細觀察，和人們一起喜怒哀樂，這都有好處。不過，你永遠都不要忘記，你是一個外人，人們也會把你當成一個外人對待。

你應當把參與活動看成角色扮演。了解一個民族的生活方式很重要，但這并非意味著你要放棄自己的文化。實際上，你已經(jīng)具備兩種行為方式。